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Inubushi T, Nag P, Sasaki JI, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. The significant role of glycosaminoglycans in tooth development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae024. [PMID: 38438145 PMCID: PMC11031142 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), integral components of proteoglycans, in tooth development. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein linked to GAG chains, comprised of repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are classified into several types, such as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Functioning as critical macromolecular components within the dental basement membrane, these GAGs facilitate cell adhesion and aggregation, and play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby significantly influencing tooth morphogenesis. Notably, our recent research has identified the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme Transmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) and we have conducted functional analyses using mouse models. These studies have unveiled the essential role of Tmem2-mediated hyaluronan degradation and its involvement in hyaluronan-mediated cell adhesion during tooth formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GAG functions in tooth development, integrating insights from recent research, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Priyanka Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Wéber I, Dakos A, Mészár Z, Matesz C, Birinyi A. Developmental patterns of extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1369103. [PMID: 38496826 PMCID: PMC10940344 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1369103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development requires continuous communication between developing neurons and their environment filled by a complex network referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is divided into distinct families of molecules including hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, glycoproteins such as tenascins, and link proteins. In this study, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain by using antibodies and lectin histochemistry. In the embryo, hyaluronan and neurocan were found in high amounts until the time of birth whereas versican and tenascin-R were detected in lower intensities during the whole embryonic period. After birth, both hyaluronic acid and neurocan still produced intense staining in almost all areas of the hindbrain, while tenascin-R labeling showed a continuous increase during postnatal development. The reaction with WFA and aggrecan was revealed first 4th postnatal day (P4) with low staining intensities, while HAPLN was detected two weeks after birth (P14). The perineuronal net appeared first around the facial and vestibular neurons at P4 with hyaluronic acid cytochemistry. One week after birth aggrecan, neurocan, tenascin-R, and WFA were also accumulated around the neurons located in several hindbrain nuclei, but HAPLN1 was detected on the second postnatal week. Our results provide further evidence that many extracellular macromolecules that will be incorporated into the perineuronal net are already expressed at embryonic and early postnatal stages of development to control differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis of neurons. In late postnatal period, the experience-driven neuronal activity induces formation of perineuronal net to stabilize synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Wéber
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adél Dakos
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Birinyi
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Hutchings C, Nuriel Y, Lazar D, Kohl A, Muir E, Genin O, Cinnamon Y, Benyamini H, Nevo Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. Hindbrain boundaries as niches of neural progenitor and stem cells regulated by the extracellular matrix proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate. Development 2024; 151:dev201934. [PMID: 38251863 PMCID: PMC10911165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between neural progenitors and stem cells (NPSCs), and their extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulatory mechanism that determines their behavior. Nonetheless, how the ECM dictates the state of NPSCs remains elusive. The hindbrain is valuable to examine this relationship, as cells in the ventricular surface of hindbrain boundaries (HBs), which arise between any two neighboring rhombomeres, express the NPSC marker Sox2, while being surrounded with the membrane-bound ECM molecule chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), in chick and mouse embryos. CSPG expression was used to isolate HB Sox2+ cells for RNA-sequencing, revealing their distinguished molecular properties as typical NPSCs, which express known and newly identified genes relating to stem cells, cancer, the matrisome and cell cycle. In contrast, the CSPG- non-HB cells, displayed clear neural-differentiation transcriptome. To address whether CSPG is significant for hindbrain development, its expression was manipulated in vivo and in vitro. CSPG manipulations shifted the stem versus differentiation state of HB cells, evident by their behavior and altered gene expression. These results provide further understanding of the uniqueness of hindbrain boundaries as repetitive pools of NPSCs in-between the rapidly growing rhombomeres, which rely on their microenvironment to maintain their undifferentiated state during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Hutchings
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yarden Nuriel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel Lazar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Olga Genin
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Rishon LeTsiyon 7505101, Israel
| | - Yuval Cinnamon
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Rishon LeTsiyon 7505101, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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4
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Rastoldo G, Tighilet B. The Vestibular Nuclei: A Cerebral Reservoir of Stem Cells Involved in Balance Function in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1422. [PMID: 38338702 PMCID: PMC10855768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the intriguing realm of neurogenesis in the vestibular nuclei-a critical brainstem region governing balance and spatial orientation. We retrace almost 20 years of research into vestibular neurogenesis, from its discovery in the feline model in 2007 to the recent discovery of a vestibular neural stem cell niche. We explore the reasons why neurogenesis is important in the vestibular nuclei and the triggers for activating the vestibular neurogenic niche. We develop the symbiotic relationship between neurogenesis and gliogenesis to promote vestibular compensation. Finally, we examine the potential impact of reactive neurogenesis on vestibular compensation, highlighting its role in restoring balance through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rastoldo
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France;
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France;
- GDR Vertige CNRS Unité GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
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5
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Verma S, Moreno IY, Sun M, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Age related changes in hyaluronan expression leads to Meibomian gland dysfunction. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:23-38. [PMID: 37949327 PMCID: PMC11095397 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) ranges from ∼5 to 50 % and its associated symptoms decrease productivity and reduce the quality of life. Approximately 85 % of all DED cases are caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). As humans and mice age, their Meibomian glands (MGs) undergo age-related changes resulting in age related-MGD (ARMGD). The precise cause of ARMGD remains elusive, which makes developing therapies extremely challenging. We previously demonstrated that a hyaluronan (HA)-rich matrix exists surrounding the MG, regulating MG morphogenesis and homeostasis. Herein, we investigated whether changes to the HA matrix in the MG throughout life contributes towards ARMGD, and whether altering this HA matrix can prevent ARMGD. For such, HA synthase (Has) knockout mice were aged and compared to age matched wild type (wt) mice. MG morphology, lipid production, PPARγ expression, basal cell proliferation, stem cells, presence of atrophic glands and MG dropout were analyzed at 8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of age and correlated with the composition of the HA matrix. We found that as mice age, there is a loss of HA expression in and surrounding the MGs of wt mice, while, in contrast, Has1-/-Has3-/- mice present a significant increase in HA expression through Has2 upregulation. At 1 year, Has1-/-Has3-/- mice present significantly enlarged MGs, compared to age-matched wt mice and compared to all adult mice. Thus, Has1-/-Has3-/- mice continue to develop new glandular tissue as they age, instead of suffering MG atrophy. At 2 years, Has1-/-Has3-/- mice continue to present significantly larger MGs compared to age-matched wt mice. Has1-/-Has3-/- mice present increased lipid production, increased PPARγ expression and an increase in the number of proliferating cells when compared to wt mice at all-time points analyzed. Taken together, our data shows that a loss of the HA matrix surrounding the MG as mice age contributes towards ARMGD, and increasing Has2 expression, and consequently HA levels, prevents ARMGD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | - Isabel Y Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA
| | - Tarsis Ferreira Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA
| | - Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA.
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6
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Ling CC, Yong VW, Xue M. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106282. [PMID: 37683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling of the ECM thereby affecting processes such as blood-brain barrier and cellular integrity. ECM components regulate leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, activate a variety of immune cells, and induce the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after stroke. In turn, excessive MMPs may degrade ECM into components that are pro-inflammatory and injurious. Conversely, in the later stages after stroke, several ECM molecules may contribute to tissue recovery. For example, thrombospondin-1 and biglycan may promote activity of regulatory T cells, inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and aid regenerative processes. We highlight these roles of the ECM in ischemic stroke and ICH and discuss their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss therapeutics that could be considered to normalize the ECM in stroke. Our goal is to spur research on the ECM in order to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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7
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Farrugia BL, Melrose J. The Glycosaminoglycan Side Chains and Modular Core Proteins of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans and the Varied Ways They Provide Tissue Protection by Regulating Physiological Processes and Cellular Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14101. [PMID: 37762403 PMCID: PMC10531531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the roles of HS-proteoglycans (HS-PGs) in general, and, in particular, perlecan and syndecan as representative examples and their interactive ligands, which regulate physiological processes and cellular behavior in health and disease. HS-PGs are essential for the functional properties of tissues both in development and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that occurs in response to trauma or disease. HS-PGs interact with a biodiverse range of chemokines, chemokine receptors, protease inhibitors, and growth factors in immune regulation, inflammation, ECM stabilization, and tissue protection. Some cell regulatory proteoglycan receptors are dually modified hybrid HS/CS proteoglycans (betaglycan, CD47). Neurexins provide synaptic stabilization, plasticity, and specificity of interaction, promoting neurotransduction, neurogenesis, and differentiation. Ternary complexes of glypican-1 and Robbo-Slit neuroregulatory proteins direct axonogenesis and neural network formation. Specific neurexin-neuroligin complexes stabilize synaptic interactions and neural activity. Disruption in these interactions leads to neurological deficits in disorders of functional cognitive decline. Interactions with HS-PGs also promote or inhibit tumor development. Thus, HS-PGs have complex and diverse regulatory roles in the physiological processes that regulate cellular behavior and the functional properties of normal and pathological tissues. Specialized HS-PGs, such as the neurexins, pikachurin, and Eyes-shut, provide synaptic stabilization and specificity of neural transduction and also stabilize the axenome primary cilium of phototoreceptors and ribbon synapse interactions with bipolar neurons of retinal neural networks, which are essential in ocular vision. Pikachurin and Eyes-Shut interactions with an α-dystroglycan stabilize the photoreceptor synapse. Novel regulatory roles for HS-PGs controlling cell behavior and tissue function are expected to continue to be uncovered in this fascinating class of proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School (Northern), University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Nag P, Inubushi T, Sasaki JI, Murotani T, Kusano S, Nakanishi Y, Shiraishi Y, Kurosaka H, Imazato S, Yamaguchi Y, Yamashiro T. Tmem2 Deficiency Leads to Enamel Hypoplasia and Soft Enamel in Mouse. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1162-1171. [PMID: 37449307 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth consist of 3 mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Tooth malformation, the most common craniofacial anomaly, arises from complex genetic and environmental factors affecting enamel structure, size, shape, and tooth eruption. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a primary extracellular matrix component, contributes to structural and physiological functions in periodontal tissue. Transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), a novel cell surface hyaluronidase, has been shown to play a critical role during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate Tmem2 messenger RNA expression in inner enamel epithelium and presecretory, secretory, and mature ameloblasts. Tmem2 knock-in reporter mice reveal TMEM2 protein localization at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Micro-computed tomography analysis of epithelial-specific Tmem2 conditional knockout (Tmem2-CKO) mice shows a significant reduction in enamel layer thickness and severe enamel deficiency. Enamel matrix protein expression was remarkably downregulated in Tmem2-CKO mice. Scanning electron microscopy of enamel from Tmem2-CKO mice revealed an irregular enamel prism structure, while the microhardness and density of enamel were significantly reduced, indicating impaired ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix mineralization. Histological evaluation indicated weak adhesion between cells and the basement membrane in Tmem2-CKO mice. The reduced and irregular expressions of vinculin and integrin β1 suggest that Tmem2 deficiency attenuated focal adhesion formation. In addition, abnormal HA accumulation in the ameloblast layer and weak claudin 1 immunoreactivity in Tmem2-CKO mice indicate impaired tight junction gate function. Irregular actin filament assembly was also observed at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Last, we demonstrated that Tmem2-deficient mHAT9d mouse ameloblasts exhibit defective adhesion to HA-containing substrates in vitro. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of TMEM2 in adhesion to HA-rich extracellular matrix, cell-to-cell adhesion, ameloblast differentiation, and enamel matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - J I Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Murotani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kusano
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakanishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Melrose J. Hyaluronan hydrates and compartmentalises the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix and provides niche environments conducive to the optimisation of neuronal activity. J Neurochem 2023; 166:637-653. [PMID: 37492973 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) extracellular matrix is a dynamic and highly interactive space-filling, cell-supportive, matrix-stabilising, hydrating entity that creates and maintains tissue compartments to facilitate regional ionic micro-environments and micro-gradients that promote optimal neural cellular activity. The CNS/PNS does not contain large supportive collagenous and elastic fibrillar networks but is dominated by a high glycosaminoglycan content, predominantly hyaluronan (HA) and collagen is restricted to the brain microvasculature, blood-brain barrier, neuromuscular junction and meninges dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycans (lecticans) interactive with HA have stabilising roles in perineuronal nets and contribute to neural plasticity, memory and cognitive processes. Hyaluronan also interacts with sialoproteoglycan associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN) to stabilise the interphotoreceptor matrix and has protective properties that ensure photoreceptor viability and function is maintained. HA also regulates myelination/re-myelination in neural networks. HA fragmentation has been observed in white matter injury, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. HA fragments (2 × 105 Da) regulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation, myelination/remyelination, and interact with TLR4 to initiate signalling cascades that mediate myelin basic protein transcription. HA and its fragments have regulatory roles over myelination which ensure high axonal neurotransduction rates are maintained in neural networks. Glioma is a particularly invasive brain tumour with extremely high mortality rates. HA, CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for HA-mediated motility) HA receptors are highly expressed in this tumour. Conventional anti-glioma drug treatments have been largely ineffective and surgical removal is normally not an option. CD44 and RHAMM glioma HA receptors can potentially be used to target gliomas with PEP-1, a cell-penetrating HA-binding peptide. PEP-1 can be conjugated to a therapeutic drug; such drug conjugates have successfully treated dense non-operative tumours in other tissues, therefore similar applications warrant exploration as potential anti-glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Terek J, Hebb MO, Flynn LE. Development of Brain-Derived Bioscaffolds for Neural Progenitor Cell Culture. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:320-333. [PMID: 36798475 PMCID: PMC9926525 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from brain extracellular matrix (ECM) have the potential to promote neural tissue regeneration by providing instructive cues that can direct cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. This study focused on the development and characterization of microcarriers derived from decellularized brain tissue (DBT) as a platform for neural progenitor cell culture. First, a novel detergent-free decellularization protocol was established that effectively reduced the cellular content of porcine and rat brains, with a >97% decrease in the dsDNA content, while preserving collagens (COLs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Next, electrospraying methods were applied to generate ECM-derived microcarriers incorporating the porcine DBT that were stable without chemical cross-linking, along with control microcarriers fabricated from commercially sourced bovine tendon COL. The DBT microcarriers were structurally and biomechanically similar to the COL microcarriers, but compositionally distinct, containing a broader range of COL types and higher sulfated GAG content. Finally, we compared the growth, phenotype, and neurotrophic factor gene expression levels of rat brain-derived progenitor cells (BDPCs) cultured on the DBT or COL microcarriers within spinner flask bioreactors over 2 weeks. Both microcarrier types supported BDPC attachment and expansion, with immunofluorescence staining results suggesting that the culture conditions promoted BDPC differentiation toward the oligodendrocyte lineage, which may be favorable for cell therapies targeting remyelination. Overall, our findings support the further investigation of the ECM-derived microcarriers as a platform for neural cell derivation for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia
C. Terek
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Matthew O. Hebb
- Department
of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine &
Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5A5, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5C1, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioN6A 5B9, Canada
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11
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Ho E, Deng Y, Akbar D, Da K, Létourneau M, Morshead CM, Chatenet D, Shoichet MS. Tunable Surface Charge Enables the Electrostatic Adsorption-Controlled Release of Neuroprotective Peptides from a Hydrogel-Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:91-105. [PMID: 36520607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We exploit the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged neuroprotective peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and negatively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to control PACAP release from the surface of nanoparticles dispersed in a hyaluronan-methylcellulose (HAMC) hydrogel composite. PACAP is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of neurological disorders, yet it has been difficult to deliver in vivo. Herein, the PACAP release rate was tuned by manipulating peptide adsorption onto the surface of blank nanoparticles by modifying either nanoparticle loading in the hydrogel or nanoparticle surface charge. This peptide-nanoparticle interaction was controlled by the pH-responsive carboxylic acid end terminal groups of PLGA. We further validated this system with the controlled release of a novel stabilized PACAP analog: Ac-[Ala15, Ala20]PACAP-propylamide, which masks its recognition to peptidases in circulation. Both wild-type and stabilized PACAP released from the vehicle increased the production of neuroprotective Interleukin-6 from cultured primary astrocytes. Using computational fluid dynamics methods, PACAP release from the composite was predicted based on experimentally derived adsorption isotherms, which exhibited similar release profiles to experimental data. This versatile adsorption-based system was used to deliver PACAP locally to the brains of stroke-injured mice over a 10 day period in vivo, highlighting its effectiveness for the controlled release of PACAP to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yaoqi Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Kevin Da
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QuebecH7 V 1B7, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E1, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E1, Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QuebecH7 V 1B7, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E1, Canada
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12
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Chemistry and Function of Glycosaminoglycans in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:117-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Message in a Scaffold: Natural Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting of Human Brain Organoids. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010025. [PMID: 36671410 PMCID: PMC9855696 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the limitations of self-organized organoids. It requires the development of optimal hydrogels, and a wealth of research has improved our knowledge about biomaterials both in terms of their intrinsic properties and their relevance on 3D culture of brain cells and tissue. Although biomaterials are rarely biologically neutral, few articles have reviewed their roles on neural cells. We here review the current knowledge on unmodified biomaterials amenable to support 3D bioprinting of neural organoids with a particular interest in their impact on cell homeostasis. Alginate is a particularly suitable bioink base for cell encapsulation. Gelatine is a valuable helper agent for 3D bioprinting due to its viscosity. Collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid and laminin provide biological support to adhesion, motility, differentiation or synaptogenesis and optimize the 3D culture of neural cells. Optimization of specialized hydrogels to direct differentiation of stem cells together with an increased resolution in phenotype analysis will further extend the spectrum of possible bioprinted brain disease models.
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14
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Kumar A, Kumar N, Pathak Z, Kumar H. Extra Cellular Matrix Remodeling: An Adjunctive Target for Spinal Cord Injury and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Neurospine 2022; 19:632-645. [PMID: 36203290 PMCID: PMC9537846 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244366.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a protein-and-carbohydrate meshwork that supports a variety of biological structures and processes, from tissue development and elasticity to the preservation of organ structures. ECM composition is different in each organ. It is a remarkably dynamic 3-dimensional structure that's constantly changing to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review aims to describe the involvement of ECM components in the remodeling process of spinal cord injury (SCI) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Here, we have also described the current ECM-based therapeutic targets, which can be explored for ECM remodeling SCI is a neurological condition with intense influences resulting from a trauma inflicted on the spinal cord. SCI leads to damage to the intact ECM that leads to regeneration failure. IVDD mainly occurs due to aging and trauma. Various ECM components enable fragmentation of the disc and are thereby involved in disc degeneration. ECM manipulation can be used as an adjunct treatment in SCI and IVDD. Current treatment approaches for SCI and IVDD are conservative and unsatisfactory. Targeting ECM remodeling as an adjunct therapy may result in better disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Zarna Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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15
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Wang H, Lu L, Liang X, Chen Y. Identification of prognostic genes in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1757-1769. [PMID: 34854950 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common causes of death among solid tumors, and its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. This study aims to elucidate the value of immune/stromal-related genes in the prognosis of PAAD through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis based on the immune microenvironment and validated in Chinese pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS Gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer patients were obtained from TCGA database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the ESTIMATE algorithm. Gene co-expression networks were constructed using WGCNA. In the key module, survival analysis was used to reveal the prognostic value. Subsequently, we performed functional enrichment analysis to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The relationship between tumor immune infiltration and hub genes was analyzed by TIMER and CIBERSORT. Finally, it was validated in the GEO database and in tissues of Chinese pancreatic cancer patients. RESULTS In the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort, a low immune/stromal score was associated with a good prognosis. After bioinformatic analysis, 57 genes were identified to be significantly associated with pancreatic cancer prognosis. Among them, up-regulation of four genes (COL6A3, PLAU, MMP11 and MMP14) indicated poor prognosis and was associated with multiple immune cell infiltration. IHC results showed that PLAU protein levels from Chinese pancreatic cancer tissues were significantly higher than those from adjacent non-tumor tissues and were also associated with tumor TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PLAU may serve as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target, which is highly expressed in Chinese pancreatic cancer tissues and associated with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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16
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Jury M, Matthiesen I, Rasti Boroojeni F, Ludwig SL, Civitelli L, Winkler TE, Selegård R, Herland A, Aili D. Bioorthogonally Cross-Linked Hyaluronan-Laminin Hydrogels for 3D Neuronal Cell Culture and Biofabrication. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102097. [PMID: 35114074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laminins (LNs) are key components in the extracellular matrix of neuronal tissues in the developing brain and neural stem cell niches. LN-presenting hydrogels can provide a biologically relevant matrix for the 3D culture of neurons toward development of advanced tissue models and cell-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders. Biologically derived hydrogels are rich in fragmented LN and are poorly defined concerning composition, which hampers clinical translation. Engineered hydrogels require elaborate and often cytotoxic chemistries for cross-linking and LN conjugation and provide limited possibilities to tailor the properties of the materials. Here a modular hydrogel system for neural 3D cell cultures, based on hyaluronan and poly(ethylene glycol), that is cross-linked and functionalized with human recombinant LN-521 using bioorthogonal copper-free click chemistry, is shown. Encapsulated human neuroblastoma cells demonstrate high viability and grow into spheroids. Long-term neuroepithelial stem cells (lt-NES) cultured in the hydrogels can undergo spontaneous differentiation to neural fate and demonstrate significantly higher viability than cells cultured without LN. The hydrogels further support the structural integrity of 3D bioprinted structures and maintain high viability of bioprinted and syringe extruded lt-NES, which can facilitate biofabrication and development of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jury
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping 581 83 Sweden
| | - Isabelle Matthiesen
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Rasti Boroojeni
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping 581 83 Sweden
| | - Saskia L. Ludwig
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Livia Civitelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping 581 83 Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital West Wing University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
| | - Thomas E. Winkler
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Institute of Microtechnology Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig 38106 Germany
| | - Robert Selegård
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping 581 83 Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- AIMES, Center for Integrated Medical and Engineering Science Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Solna 171 65 Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 17165 Sweden
| | - Daniel Aili
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping 581 83 Sweden
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Melrose J. Fractone Stem Cell Niche Components Provide Intuitive Clues in the Design of New Therapeutic Procedures/Biomatrices for Neural Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5148. [PMID: 35563536 PMCID: PMC9103880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to illustrate recent developments in neural repair utilizing hyaluronan as a carrier of olfactory bulb stem cells and in new bioscaffolds to promote neural repair. Hyaluronan interacts with brain hyalectan proteoglycans in protective structures around neurons in perineuronal nets, which also have roles in the synaptic plasticity and development of neuronal cognitive properties. Specialist stem cell niches termed fractones located in the sub-ventricular and sub-granular regions of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus migrate to the olfactory bulb, which acts as a reserve of neuroprogenitor cells in the adult brain. The extracellular matrix associated with the fractone stem cell niche contains hyaluronan, perlecan and laminin α5, which regulate the quiescent recycling of stem cells and also provide a means of escaping to undergo the proliferation and differentiation to a pluripotent migratory progenitor cell type that can participate in repair processes in neural tissues. Significant improvement in the repair of spinal cord injury and brain trauma has been reported using this approach. FGF-2 sequestered by perlecan in the neuroprogenitor niche environment aids in these processes. Therapeutic procedures have been developed using olfactory ensheathing stem cells and hyaluronan as a carrier to promote neural repair processes. Now that recombinant perlecan domain I and domain V are available, strategies may also be expected in the near future using these to further promote neural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Limitations of Nerve Fiber Density as a Prognostic Marker in Predicting Oncological Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092237. [PMID: 35565366 PMCID: PMC9103173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the presence and density of nerve fibers (NFs; NFD) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play an important prognostic role in predicting long-term oncological outcomes in various malignancies. However, the role of NFD in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is yet to be explored. To this end, we aimed to investigate the impact of NFs on oncological outcomes in a large European single-center cohort of HCC patients. In total, 153 HCC patients who underwent partial hepatectomy in a curative-intent setting between 2010 and 2021 at our university hospital were included in this study. Group comparisons between patients with and without NFs were conducted and the association of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) with the presence of NFs and other clinico-pathological variables were determined by univariate and multivariable Cox regression models. Patients with NFs in the TME presented with a median OS of 66 months (95% CI: 30−102) compared to 42 months (95% CI: 20−63) for patients without NFs (p = 0.804 log-rank). Further, RFS was 26 months (95% CI: 12−40) for patients with NFs compared to 18 months (95% CI: 9−27) for patients without NFs (p = 0.666 log-rank). In a subgroup analysis, patients with NFD ≤ 5 showed a median OS of 54 months (95% CI: 11−97) compared to 48 months (95% CI: 0−106) for the group of patients with NFD > 5 (p = 0.787 log-rank). Correspondingly, the RFS was 26 months (95% CI: 10−42) in patients with NFD ≤ 5 and 29 months (95% CI: 14−44) for the subcohort with NFD > 5 (p = 0.421 log-rank). Further, group comparisons showed no clinico-pathological differences between patients with NFs (n = 76) and without NFs (n = 77) and NFs were not associated with OS (p = 0.806) and RFS (p = 0.322) in our Cox regression models. In contrast to observations in various malignancies, NFs in the TME and NFD are not associated with long-term oncological outcomes in HCC patients undergoing surgery.
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Kim GJ, Lee KJ, Choi JW, An JH. Modified Industrial Three-Dimensional Polylactic Acid Scaffold Cell Chip Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042204. [PMID: 35216320 PMCID: PMC8879874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold using industrial polylactic acid (PLA), which promoted the proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells. An industrial PLA 3D scaffold (IPTS) cell chip with a square-shaped pattern was fabricated via computer-aided design and printed using a fused deposition modeling technique. To improve cell adhesion and cell differentiation, we coated the IPTS cell chip with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), nerve growth factor (NGF) protein, an NGF peptide fragment, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein. The proliferation of F3.Olig2 neural stem cells was increased in the IPTS cell chips coated with Au-NPs and NGF peptide fragments when compared with that of the cells cultured on non-coated IPTS cell chips. Cells cultured on the IPTS-SHH cell chip also showed high expression of motor neuron cell-specific markers, such as HB9 and TUJ-1. Therefore, we suggest that the newly engineered industrial PLA scaffold is an innovative tool for cell proliferation and motor neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- College of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (J.H.A.); Tel.: +82-2-705-8480 (J.-W.C.); +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.)
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (J.H.A.); Tel.: +82-2-705-8480 (J.-W.C.); +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.)
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20
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Samanipour R, Tahmooressi H, Rezaei Nejad H, Hirano M, Shin SR, Hoorfar M. A review on 3D printing functional brain model. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:011501. [PMID: 35145569 PMCID: PMC8816519 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern neuroscience increasingly relies on 3D models to study neural circuitry, nerve regeneration, and neural disease. Several different biofabrication approaches have been explored to create 3D neural tissue model structures. Among them, 3D bioprinting has shown to have great potential to emerge as a high-throughput/high precision biofabrication strategy that can address the growing need for 3D neural models. Here, we have reviewed the design principles for neural tissue engineering. The main challenge to adapt printing technologies for biofabrication of neural tissue models is the development of neural bioink, i.e., a biomaterial with printability and gelation properties and also suitable for neural tissue culture. This review shines light on a vast range of biomaterials as well as the fundamentals of 3D neural tissue printing. Also, advances in 3D bioprinting technologies are reviewed especially for bioprinted neural models. Finally, the techniques used to evaluate the fabricated 2D and 3D neural models are discussed and compared in terms of feasibility and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Tahmooressi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, 161 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | | | - Su-Royn Shin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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21
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Wilson ES, Litwa K. Synaptic Hyaluronan Synthesis and CD44-Mediated Signaling Coordinate Neural Circuit Development. Cells 2021; 10:2574. [PMID: 34685554 PMCID: PMC8533746 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyaluronan-based extracellular matrix is expressed throughout nervous system development and is well-known for the formation of perineuronal nets around inhibitory interneurons. Since perineuronal nets form postnatally, the role of hyaluronan in the initial formation of neural circuits remains unclear. Neural circuits emerge from the coordinated electrochemical signaling of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Hyaluronan localizes to the synaptic cleft of developing excitatory synapses in both human cortical spheroids and the neonatal mouse brain and is diminished in the adult mouse brain. Given this developmental-specific synaptic localization, we sought to determine the mechanisms that regulate hyaluronan synthesis and signaling during synapse formation. We demonstrate that hyaluronan synthase-2, HAS2, is sufficient to increase hyaluronan levels in developing neural circuits of human cortical spheroids. This increased hyaluronan production reduces excitatory synaptogenesis, promotes inhibitory synaptogenesis, and suppresses action potential formation. The hyaluronan receptor, CD44, promotes hyaluronan retention and suppresses excitatory synaptogenesis through regulation of RhoGTPase signaling. Our results reveal mechanisms of hyaluronan synthesis, retention, and signaling in developing neural circuits, shedding light on how disease-associated hyaluronan alterations can contribute to synaptic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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22
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An S, Choi S, Min S, Cho SW. Hyaluronic Acid-based Biomimetic Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Medical Applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696640. [PMID: 34409033 PMCID: PMC8365427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in matrix stabilization and cellular regulation. This chapter highlights the roles of CS and CS-PGs in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS/PNS). CS has specific cell regulatory roles that control tissue function and homeostasis. The CNS/PNS contains a diverse range of CS-PGs which direct the development of embryonic neural axonal networks, and the responses of neural cell populations in mature tissues to traumatic injury. Following brain trauma and spinal cord injury, a stabilizing CS-PG-rich scar tissue is laid down at the defect site to protect neural tissues, which are amongst the softest tissues of the human body. Unfortunately, the CS concentrated in gliotic scars also inhibits neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS has well known inhibitory properties over neural behavior, and animal models of CNS/PNS injury have demonstrated that selective degradation of CS using chondroitinase improves neuronal functional recovery. CS-PGs are present diffusely in the CNS but also form denser regions of extracellular matrix termed perineuronal nets which surround neurons. Hyaluronan is immobilized in hyalectan CS-PG aggregates in these perineural structures, which provide neural protection, synapse, and neural plasticity, and have roles in memory and cognitive learning. Despite the generally inhibitory cues delivered by CS-A and CS-C, some CS-PGs containing highly charged CS disaccharides (CS-D, CS-E) or dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides that promote neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS/DS thus has varied cell regulatory properties and structural ECM supportive roles in the CNS/PNS depending on the glycoform present and its location in tissue niches and specific cellular contexts. Studies on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided insightful information on neural interconnectivity and the role of the ECM and its PGs in neural development and in tissue morphogenesis in a whole organism environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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Bednarsch J, Tan X, Czigany Z, Liu D, Lang SA, Sivakumar S, Kather JN, Appinger S, Rosin M, Boroojerdi S, Dahl E, Gaisa NT, den Dulk M, Coolsen M, Ulmer TF, Neumann UP, Heij LR. The Presence of Small Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Microenvironment as Predictive Biomarker of Oncological Outcome Following Partial Hepatectomy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153661. [PMID: 34359564 PMCID: PMC8345152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nerve fibers in the microenvironment of malignant tumors have been shown to be an important prognostic factor for long-term survival in various cancer types; however, their role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains to be determined. Therefore, the impact of nerve fibers on long-term survival was investigated in a large European cohort of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who were treated by curative-intent surgical resection. By univariate and multivariate statistics, the absence of nerve fibers was determined to be an independent predictor of impaired long-term survival. A group comparison between patients with and without nerve fibers showed a statically significant difference with a cancer-specific 5-year-survival of 47% in patients with nerve fibers compared to 21% in patients without nerve fibers. Thus, the presence of nerve fibers in the microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is revealed as a novel and important prognostic biomarker in these patients. Abstract The oncological role of the density of nerve fibers (NFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains to be determined. Therefore, data of 95 iCCA patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed regarding NFs and long-term outcome. Extensive group comparisons were carried out and the association of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) with NFs were assessed using Cox regression models. Patients with iCCA and NFs showed a median CSS of 51 months (5-year-CSS = 47%) compared to 27 months (5-year-CSS = 21%) in patients without NFs (p = 0.043 log rank). Further, NFs (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39, p = 0.002) and N-category (HR = 2.36, p = 0.010) were identified as independent predictors of CSS. Patients with NFs and without nodal metastases displayed a mean CSS of 89 months (5-year-CSS = 62%), while patients without NFs or with nodal metastases but not both showed a median CCS of 27 months (5-year-CSS = 25%) and patients with both positive lymph nodes and without NFs showed a median CCS of 10 months (5-year-CSS = 0%, p = 0.001 log rank). NFs in the TME are, therefore, a novel and important prognostic biomarker in iCCA patients. NFs alone and in combination with nodal status is suitable to identify iCCA patients at risk of poor oncological outcomes following curative-intent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Simone Appinger
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Mika Rosin
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Shiva Boroojerdi
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (E.D.); (N.T.G.)
| | - Nadine Therese Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (E.D.); (N.T.G.)
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.d.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariëlle Coolsen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.d.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.d.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Lara Rosaline Heij
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (X.T.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.A.L.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (T.F.U.); (U.P.N.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.d.D.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Bednarsch J, Kather J, Tan X, Sivakumar S, Cacchi C, Wiltberger G, Czigany Z, Ulmer F, Neumann UP, Heij LR. Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Novel Biomarker for Oncological Outcome in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Cancer 2021; 10:260-274. [PMID: 34239812 PMCID: PMC8237795 DOI: 10.1159/000515303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is a biliary tract cancer with a dismal prognosis, with surgery being the only chance of cure. A characteristic aggressive biological feature of pCCA is perineural growth which is defined by the invasion of cancer cells to nerves and nerve fibers. Recently, nerve fiber density (NFD) was linked to oncological outcomes in various malignancies; however, its prognostic role in pCCA remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 101 pCCA patients who underwent curative-intent surgery between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. Extensive group comparisons between patients with high and low NFD were carried out, and the association of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival with NFD and other clinicopathological characteristics was assessed using univariate and multivariable cox regression models. RESULTS Patients with high NFD showed a median CSS of 90 months (95% CI: 48-132, 3-year CSS = 77%, 5-year CSS = 72%) compared to 33 months (95% CI: 19-47, 3-year CSS = 46%, 5-year CSS = 32%) in patients with low NFD (p = 0.006 log rank). Further, N1 category (HR = 2.84, p = 0.001) and high NFD (HR = 0.41, p = 0.024) were identified as independent predictors of CSS in multivariable analysis. Patients with high NFD and negative lymph nodes showed a median CSS of 90 months (3-year CSS = 88%, 5-year CSS = 80%), while patients with either positive lymph nodes or low NFD displayed a median CSS of 51 months (3-year CSS = 59%, 5-year CSS = 45%) and patients with both positive lymph nodes and low NFD a median CSS of 24 months (3-year CSS = 26%, 5-year CSS = 16%, p = 0.001 log rank). CONCLUSION NFD has been identified as an important novel prognostic biomarker in pCCA patients. NFD alone and in combination with nodal status in particular allows to stratify pCCA patients based on their risk for inferior oncological outcomes after curative-intent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob Kather
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Cacchi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Rosaline Heij
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,*Lara Rosaline Heij,
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Shin HY, Han KS, Park HW, Hong YH, Kim Y, Moon HE, Park KW, Park HR, Lee CJ, Lee K, Kim SJ, Heo MS, Park SH, Kim DG, Paek SH. Tumor Spheroids of an Aggressive Form of Central Neurocytoma Have Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Characteristics with Enhanced EGFR and Tumor Stem Cell Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:120-143. [PMID: 33972466 PMCID: PMC8118755 DOI: 10.5607/en21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CN) has been known as a benign neuronal tumor. In rare cases, CN undergoes malignant transformation to glioblastomas (GBM). Here we examined its cellular origin by characterizing differentiation potential and gene expression of CN-spheroids. First, we demonstrate that both CN tissue and cultured primary cells recapitulate the hierarchal cellular composition of subventricular zone (SVZ), which is comprised of neural stem cells (NSCs), transit amplifying progenitors (TAPs), and neuroblasts. We then derived spheroids from CN which displayed EGFR+/MASH+ TAP and BLBP+ radial glial cell (RGC) characteristic, and mitotic neurogenesis and gliogenesis by single spheroids were observed with cycling multipotential cells. CN-spheroids expressed increased levels of pluripotency and tumor stem cell genes such as KLF4 and TPD5L1, when compared to their differentiated cells and human NSCs. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets of GBM-Spheroids, EGFR Signaling, and Packaging of Telomere Ends are enriched in CN-spheroids in comparison with their differentiated cells. We speculate that CN tumor stem cells have TAP and RGC characteristics, and upregulation of EGFR signaling as well as downregulation of eph-ephrin signaling have critical roles in tumorigenesis of CN. And their ephemeral nature of TAPs destined to neuroblasts, might reflect benign nature of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yun Hwa Hong
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
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Distribution of Label-Retaining Cells and their Properties in the Newborn Vocal Fold Mucosa. J Voice 2021:S0892-1997(21)00099-0. [PMID: 33865655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence that the cells in the maculae flavae (MFe) are candidates for tissue stem cells of the vocal fold mucosa and the MFe are a stem cell niche. Distribution of label-retaining cells and their properties in the postnatal vocal fold mucosa were investigated. METHODS Oral administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was given to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and the label-retaining cells in the postnatal vocal fold mucosa were observed by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity to antibodies directed to Ki-67 was studied to investigate the cell cycle. RESULTS At day 1 after birth, BrdU positive cells were identified in the MFe (60.1 ± 1.7%), epithelium (58.7 ± 10.6%) and lamina propria (52.4 ± 7.8%) of the vocal fold mucosa. At day 56 after birth, the number of BrdU positive cells in the epithelium (4.8 ± 2.2%) and lamina propria (32.3 ± 16.5%) were significantly lower compared to day 1 after birth (P < 0.05). However, the number of BrdU positive cells remaining in the MFe was still high (56.2 ± 2.5%). The label-retaining cells were distributed throughout the MFe. Few Ki-67 positive cells were identified in the MFe indicating they were resting cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the cells in the postnatal MFe are candidates for tissue stem cells. At birth, these cells are already present in the MFe of the newborn vocal fold and they are likely ready to start the growth and development of the vocal fold mucosa.
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Bonet IJM, Green PG, Levine JD. Sexual dimorphism in the nociceptive effects of hyaluronan. Pain 2021; 162:1116-1125. [PMID: 33065736 PMCID: PMC7969372 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intradermal administration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMWH) in the hind paw induced dose-dependent (0.1, 1, or 10 µg) mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude in male and female rats. However, the duration of LMWH hyperalgesia was greater in females. This sexual dimorphism was eliminated by bilateral ovariectomy and by intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA in females, indicating estrogen dependence. To assess the receptors at which LMWH acts to induce hyperalgesia, LMWH was administered to groups of male and female rats that had been pretreated with ODN antisense (or mismatch) to the mRNA for 1 of 3 hyaluronan receptors, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), toll-like receptor 4, or receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). Although LMWH-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated in both male and female rats pretreated with ODN antisense for CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 mRNA, RHAMM antisense pretreatment only attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in males. Oligodeoxynucleotide antisense for RHAMM, however, attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in female rats treated with ODN antisense to GPR30, as well as in ovariectomized females. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan-induced hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) in male, but not in female rats. After gonadectomy or treatment with ODN antisense to GPR30 expression in females, HMWH produced similar attenuation of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia to that seen in males. These experiments identify nociceptors at which LMWH acts to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, establishes estrogen dependence in the role of RHAMM in female rats, and establishes estrogen dependence in the inhibition of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia by HMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J. M. Bonet
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul G. Green
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Thanee M, Dokduang H, Kittirat Y, Phetcharaburanin J, Klanrit P, Titapun A, Namwat N, Khuntikeo N, Wangwiwatsin A, Saya H, Loilome W. CD44 modulates metabolic pathways and altered ROS-mediated Akt signal promoting cholangiocarcinoma progression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245871. [PMID: 33780455 PMCID: PMC8007026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, the phosphorylation of which can directly trigger intracellular signaling, particularly Akt protein, for supporting cell growth, motility and invasion. This study examined the role of CD44 on the progression of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) using metabolic profiling to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the Akt signaling pathway. Our results show that the silencing of CD44 decreases Akt and mTOR phosphorylation resulting in p21 and Bax accumulation and Bcl-2 suppression that reduces cell proliferation. Moreover, an inhibition of cell migration and invasion regulated by CD44. Similarly, the silencing of CD44 showed an alteration in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), e.g. an upregulation of E-cadherin and a downregulation of vimentin, and the reduction of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 signal. Interestingly, a depletion of CD44 leads to metabolic pathway changes resulting in redox status modification and Trolox (anti-oxidant) led to the recovery of the cancer cell functions. Based on our findings, the regulation of CCA progression and metastasis via the redox status-related Akt signaling pathway depends on the alteration of metabolic profiling synchronized by CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinee Thanee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hasaya Dokduang
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kittirat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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30
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Ucar B. Natural biomaterials in brain repair: A focus on collagen. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105033. [PMID: 33785419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from natural resources have increasingly been used for versatile applications in the central nervous system (CNS). Thanks to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural biomaterials offer vast possibilities for future clinical repair strategies for the CNS. These materials can be used for diverse applications such as hydrogels to fill the tissue cavities, microparticles to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and scaffolds to transplant stem cells. In this review, various uses of prominent protein and polysaccharide biomaterials, with a special focus on collagen, in repair and regenerative applications for the brain are summarized together with their individual advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Liu X, Hao M, Chen Z, Zhang T, Huang J, Dai J, Zhang Z. 3D bioprinted neural tissue constructs for spinal cord injury repair. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120771. [PMID: 33798962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach to fabricate living neural constructs with anatomically accurate complex geometries and spatial distributions of neural stem cells (NSCs) for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. The NSC-laden 3D bioprinting, however, still faces some big challenges, such as cumbersome printing process, poor cell viability, and minimal cell-material interaction. To address these issues, we have fabricated NSC-laden scaffolds by 3D bioprinting and explore for the first time their application for in vivo SCI repair. In our strategy, we have developed a novel biocompatible bioink consisting of functional chitosan, hyaluronic acid derivatives, and matrigel. This bioink shows fast gelation (within 20 s) and spontaneous covalent crosslinking capability, facilitating convenient one-step bioprinting of spinal cord-like constructs. Thus-fabricated scaffolds maintain high NSC viability (about 95%), and offer a benign microenvironment that facilitates cell-material interactions and neuronal differentiation for optimal formation of neural network. The in vivo experiment has further demonstrated that the bioprinted scaffolds promoted the axon regeneration and decreased glial scar deposition, leading to significant locomotor recovery of the SCI model rats, which may represent a general and versatile strategy for precise engineering of central nervous system and other neural organs/tissues for regenerative medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mingming Hao
- I-lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nanobionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongjin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- I-lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nanobionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Tan X, Sivakumar S, Bednarsch J, Wiltberger G, Kather JN, Niehues J, de Vos-Geelen J, Valkenburg-van Iersel L, Kintsler S, Roeth A, Hao G, Lang S, Coolsen ME, den Dulk M, Aberle MR, Koolen J, Gaisa NT, Olde Damink SWM, Neumann UP, Heij LR. Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer-pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:899-908. [PMID: 33288884 PMCID: PMC7862068 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are both deadly cancers and they share many biological features besides their close anatomical location. One of the main histological features is neurotropism, which results in frequent perineural invasion. The underlying mechanism of cancer cells favoring growth by and through the nerve fibers is not fully understood. In this review, we provide knowledge of these cancers with frequent perineural invasion. We discuss nerve fiber crosstalk with the main different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the immune cells, and the fibroblasts. Also, we discuss the crosstalk between the nerve fibers and the cancer. We highlight the shared signaling pathways of the mechanisms behind perineural invasion in PDAC and CCA. Hereby we have focussed on signaling neurotransmitters and neuropeptides which may be a target for future therapies. Furthermore, we have summarized retrospective results of the previous literature about nerve fibers in PDAC and CCA patients. We provide our point of view in the potential for nerve fibers to be used as powerful biomarker for prognosis, as a tool to stratify patients for therapy or as a target in a (combination) therapy. Taking the presence of nerves into account can potentially change the field of personalized care in these neurotropic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Niehues
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot Valkenburg-van Iersel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Kintsler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali Roeth
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guangshan Hao
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mariëlle E Coolsen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Merel R Aberle
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarne Koolen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara R Heij
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Pibuel MA, Poodts D, Díaz M, Hajos SE, Lompardía SL. The scrambled story between hyaluronan and glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100549. [PMID: 33744285 PMCID: PMC8050860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology are revealing the importance of the cancer cell microenvironment on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Hyaluronan (HA), the main glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, has been associated with the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal primary tumor in the central nervous system, for several decades. However, the mechanisms by which HA impacts GBM properties and processes have been difficult to elucidate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on HA's effects on GBM biology, introducing its primary receptors CD44 and RHAMM and the plethora of relevant downstream signaling pathways that can scramble efforts to directly link HA activity to biological outcomes. We consider the complexities of studying an extracellular polymer and the different strategies used to try to capture its function, including 2D and 3D in vitro studies, patient samples, and in vivo models. Given that HA affects not only migration and invasion, but also cell proliferation, adherence, and chemoresistance, we highlight the potential role of HA as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the different existing approaches to diminish its protumor effects, such as the use of 4-methylumbelliferone, HA oligomers, and hyaluronidases and encourage further research along these lines in order to improve the survival and quality of life of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Arturo Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvia Elvira Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
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van Setten GB, Stachs O, Dupas B, Turhan SA, Seitz B, Reitsamer H, Winter K, Horwath-Winter J, Guthoff RF, Müller-Lierheim WGK. High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Promotes Corneal Nerve Growth in Severe Dry Eyes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123799. [PMID: 33255350 PMCID: PMC7760610 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) eye drops on subbasal corneal nerves in patients suffering from severe dry eye disease (DED) and to evaluate the damage of subbasal corneal nerves associated with severe DED. Designed as an international, multicenter study, 16 patients with symptoms of at least an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score of 33, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) of at least Oxford grade 3, were included and randomized into two study arms. The control group continued to use their individual optimum artificial tears over the study period of eight weeks; in the verum group, the artificial tears were substituted by eye drops containing 0.15% HMWHA. At the baseline visit, and after eight weeks, the subbasal nerve plexus of 16 patients were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM). The images were submitted to a masked reading center for evaluation. Results showed a significant increase of total nerve fiber lengths (CNFL) in the HMWHA group (p = 0.030) when compared to the control group, where the total subbasal CNFL did not significantly change from baseline to week 8. We concluded that in severe DED patients, HMWHA from topically applied eye drops could cross the epithelial barrier and reach the subbasal nerve plexus, where it exercised a trophic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gysbert-Botho van Setten
- Department of Clininical Neuroscience, St. Eriks Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Bénédicte Dupas
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital & Vision Institute, 75571 Paris, France;
| | - Semra Akkaya Turhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;
| | - Herbert Reitsamer
- Department of Ophthalmology & Department of Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | | | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (R.F.G.)
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35
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Han X, Zhang WH, Wang WQ, Yu XJ, Liu L. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer: Present situation, predicaments, and perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188444. [PMID: 33031899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal, and the most effective treatment is curative resection followed by chemotherapy. Unfortunately, chemoresistance is an extremely common occurrence, and novel treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, have shown limited success in clinical practice. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an abundant stromal compartment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the extracellular matrix they deposit account for a large portion of the pancreatic tumor stroma. CAFs interact directly and indirectly with pancreatic cancer cells and can compromise the effects of, and even promote tumorigenic responses to, various treatment approaches. To eliminate these adverse effects, CAFs depletion strategies were developed. Instead of the anticipated antitumor effects of CAFs depletion, more aggressive tumor phenotypes were occasionally observed. The failure of universal stromal depletion led to the investigation of CAFs heterogeneity that forms the foundation for stromal remodeling and normalization. This review analyzes the role of CAFs in therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer and discusses potential CAFs-targeting strategies basing on the diverse biological functions of CAFs, thus to improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Wilson E, Knudson W, Newell-Litwa K. Hyaluronan regulates synapse formation and function in developing neural networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16459. [PMID: 33020512 PMCID: PMC7536407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders present with synaptic alterations that disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling. For example, hyperexcitability of cortical neurons is associated with both epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. However, the mechanisms that initially establish the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in brain development are not well understood. Here, we sought to determine how the extracellular matrix directs synapse formation and regulates synaptic function in a model of human cortical brain development. The extracellular matrix, making up twenty percent of brain volume, is largely comprised of hyaluronan. Hyaluronan acts as both a scaffold of the extracellular matrix and a space-filling molecule. Hyaluronan is present from the onset of brain development, beginning with neural crest cell migration. Through acute perturbation of hyaluronan levels during synaptogenesis, we sought to determine how hyaluronan impacts the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapse formation and the resulting neural activity. We used 3-D cortical spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to replicate this neurodevelopmental window. Our results demonstrate that hyaluronan preferentially surrounds nascent excitatory synapses. Removal of hyaluronan increases the expression of excitatory synapse markers and results in a corresponding increase in the formation of excitatory synapses, while also decreasing inhibitory synapse formation. This increased excitatory synapse formation elevates network activity, as demonstrated by microelectrode array analysis. In contrast, the addition of purified hyaluronan suppresses excitatory synapse formation. These results establish that the hyaluronan extracellular matrix surrounds developing excitatory synapses, where it critically regulates synapse formation and the resulting balance between excitatory to inhibitory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Warren Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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37
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Washington PM, Lee C, Dwyer MKR, Konofagou EE, Kernie SG, Morrison B. Hyaluronidase reduced edema after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2026-2037. [PMID: 31648593 PMCID: PMC7786840 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19882780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema and the subsequent increased intracranial pressure are associated with mortality and poor outcome following traumatic brain injury. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the Gibbs-Donnan effect, which describes the tendency of a porous, negatively charged matrix to attract positive ions and water, applies to brain tissue and that enzymatic reduction of the fixed charge density can prevent tissue swelling. We tested whether hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades the large, negatively charged glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, could reduce brain edema after traumatic brain injury. In vivo, intracerebroventricular injection of hyaluronidase after controlled cortical impact in mice reduced edema in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 24 h by both the wet-weight/dry-weight method (78.15 ± 0.65% vs. 80.4 ± 0.46%; p < 0.01) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (13.88 ± 3.09% vs. 29.23 ± 6.14%; p < 0.01). Hyaluronidase did not adversely affect blood-brain-barrier-integrity measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, nor did hyaluronidase negatively affect functional recovery after controlled cortical impact measured with the rotarod or Morris water maze tasks. Reduction of fixed charge density by hyaluronidase was confirmed in cortical explants in vitro (5.46 ± 1.15 µg/mg vs. 7.76 ± 1.87 µg/mg; p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that targeting the fixed charge density with hyaluronidase reduced edema in an in vivo mouse model of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Kate R Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Barclay Morrison III, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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38
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Sánchez N, González-Ramírez MC, Contreras EG, Ubilla A, Li J, Valencia A, Wilson A, Green JBA, Tucker AS, Gaete M. Balance Between Tooth Size and Tooth Number Is Controlled by Hyaluronan. Front Physiol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32982773 PMCID: PMC7476214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the function of proteins and genes has been widely studied during vertebrate development, relatively little work has addressed the role of carbohydrates. Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is an abundant carbohydrate in embryonic tissues and is the main structural component of the extracellular matrix of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. HA is able to absorb large quantities of water and can signal by binding to cell-surface receptors. During organ development and regeneration, HA has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell shape, and migration. Here, we have investigated the function of HA during molar tooth development in mice, in which, similar to humans, new molars sequentially bud off from a pre-existing molar. Using an ex vivo approach, we found that inhibiting HA synthesis in culture leads to a significant increase in proliferation and subsequent size of the developing molar, while the formation of sequential molars was inhibited. By cell shape analysis, we observed that inhibition of HA synthesis caused an elongation and reorientation of the major cell axes, indicating that disruption to cellular orientation and shape may underlie the observed phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated the retention of cells in the developing first molar (M1) at the expense of the generation of a second molar (M2). Our results highlight a novel role for HA in controlling proliferation, cell orientation, and migration in the developing tooth, impacting cellular decisions regarding tooth size and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Angélica Ubilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anyeli Valencia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Liu Y, Hsu YH, Huang APH, Hsu SH. Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network of Hyaluronan and Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogels for Central Nervous System Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40108-40120. [PMID: 32808527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The repair of the central nervous system (CNS) is a major challenge because of the difficulty for neurons or axons to regenerate after damages. Injectable hydrogels have been developed to deliver drugs or cells for neural repair, but these hydrogels usually require conditional stimuli or additional catalysts to control the gelling process. Self-healing hydrogels, which can be injected locally to fill tissue defects after stable gelation, are attractive candidates for CNS treatment. In the current study, the self-healing hydrogel with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) was prepared by incorporation of hyaluronan (HA) into the chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel. The addition of HA allowed the hydrogel to pass through a narrow needle much more easily. As the HA content increased, the hydrogel showed a more packed nanostructure and a more porous microstructure verified by coherent small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The unique structure of SIPN hydrogel enhanced the spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of encapsulated neural stem cells in vitro. Compared to the pristine chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel, the SIPN hydrogel showed better biocompatibility, CNS injury repair, and functional recovery evaluated by the traumatic brain injury zebrafish model and intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. We proposed that the SIPN of HA and chitosan self-healing hydrogel allowed an adaptable environment for cell spreading and migration and had the potential as an injectable defect support for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hua Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Abel Po-Hao Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, Republic of China
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40
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Müller-Lierheim WGK. Why Chain Length of Hyaluronan in Eye Drops Matters. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E511. [PMID: 32717869 PMCID: PMC7459843 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chain length of hyaluronan (HA) determines its physical as well as its physiological properties. Results of clinical research on HA eye drops are not comparable without this parameter. In this article methods for the assessment of the average molecular weight of HA in eye drops and a terminology for molecular weight ranges are proposed. The classification of HA eye drops according to their zero shear viscosity and viscosity at 1000 s-1 shear rate is presented. Based on the gradient of mucin MUC5AC concentration within the mucoaqueous layer of the tear film a hypothesis on the consequences of this gradient on the rheological properties of the tear film is provided. The mucoadhesive properties of HA and their dependence on chain length are explained. The ability of HA to bind to receptors on the ocular epithelial cells, and in particular the potential consequences of the interaction between HA and the receptor HARE, responsible for HA endocytosis by corneal epithelial cells is discussed. The physiological function of HA in the framework of ocular surface homeostasis and wound healing are outlined, and the influence of the chain length of HA on the clinical performance of HA eye drops is illustrated. The use of very high molecular weight HA (hylan A) eye drops as drug vehicle for the next generation of ophthalmic drugs with minimized side effects is proposed and its advantages elucidated. Consequences of the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface disease are discussed.
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41
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Pibuel MA, Díaz M, Molinari Y, Poodts D, Silvestroff L, Lompardía SL, Franco P, Hajos SE. 4-Methylumbelliferone as a potent and selective antitumor drug on a glioblastoma model. Glycobiology 2020; 31:29-43. [PMID: 32472122 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has a median survival of 14.6 months. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) is a coumarin derivative widely used as a hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor with proven antitumor activity and without toxic effects reported. We aim to evaluate the antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on a GBM cell line, its absence of toxicity on brain cells and its selectivity for tumor cells. The antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with TMZ was evaluated on GL26 cells by assessing the metabolic activity through the XTT assay, cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation assay, migration by the wound healing assay, cell death by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, apoptosis by membrane asymmetry and DNA fragmentation and metalloproteinase activity by zymography. The levels of hyaluronan and its capacity to counteract the effects of 4MU and the expression of RHAMM and CD44 were also determined. The toxicity and selectivity of 4MU were determined by XTT assay and PI staining on normal brain primary cell culture (NBPC-GFP) and GL26/NBPC-GFP cocultures. The GL26 cells expressed RHAMM but not CD44 while synthetized hyaluronan. 4MU decreased hyaluronan synthesis, diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis while reducing cell migration and the activity of metalloproteinases, which was restored by addition of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, 4MU sensitized GL26 cells to the TMZ effect and showed selective toxicity on tumor cells without exhibiting neurotoxic effects. We demonstrated for the first time the cytotoxic effect of 4MU on GBM cells, highlighting its potential usefulness to improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Yamila Molinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Lucas Silvestroff
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Silvina L Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Paula Franco
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
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Chou CH, Modo M. Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:9-19. [PMID: 32092433 PMCID: PMC7103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization correlates with recovery after intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in stroke. To elucidate NSCs' mechanism of action, it is essential to understand how these interact with the brain's vasculature after implantation. Using an all-human endothelial cell (EC, D3 cell line) and NSC (STROC05 and CTXOE03) co-culture model, fluorescently activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate each cell type for a comparison of gene expression between monocultures of undifferentiated proliferating and differentiated non-proliferating cells. Gene expression for angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, angiopoietin), as well as cell survival (brain derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor) and migration (stromal cell-derived factor-1a) were measured and contrasted with the corresponding receptors on each cell type. The cellular source of extracellular matrix defining the basement membrane (vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV) and neuropil (hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, neurocan, thrombospondin, nidogen and brain associated link protein-1) was evaluated for NSCs and ECs. Co-culturing dramatically changed the expression profiles of each cell type in comparison to undifferentiated, but also differentiated cells. These results indicate that monocultures provide a poor model to investigate the cellular signaling involved in a tissue repair response. Co-cultures of NSCs and ECs forming vasculature-like structures (VLS) provide a more complex model to investigate NSC-induced neovascularization. These in vitro studies are essential to tease out individual cell signaling in NSCs and ECs to develop a mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSCs as a therapeutic for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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43
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Kutikov AB, Moore SW, Layer RT, Podell PE, Sridhar N, Santamaria AJ, Aimetti AA, Hofstetter CP, Ulich TR, Guest JD. Method and Apparatus for the Automated Delivery of Continuous Neural Stem Cell Trails Into the Spinal Cord of Small and Large Animals. Neurosurgery 2020; 85:560-573. [PMID: 30169668 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immature neurons can extend processes after transplantation in adult animals. Neuronal relays can form between injected neural stem cells (NSCs) and surviving neurons, possibly improving recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell delivery methods of single or multiple bolus injections of concentrated cell suspensions thus far tested in preclinical and clinical experiments are suboptimal for new tract formation. Nonuniform injectate dispersal is often seen due to gravitational cell settling and clumping. Multiple injections have additive risks of hemorrhage, parenchymal damage, and cellular reflux and require additional surgical exposure. The deposition of multiply delivered cells boluses may be uneven and discontinuous. OBJECTIVE To develop an injection apparatus and methodology to deliver continuous cellular trails bridging spinal cord lesions. METHODS We improved the uniformity of cellular trails by formulating NSCs in hyaluronic acid. The TrailmakerTM stereotaxic injection device was automatized to extend a shape memory needle from a single-entry point in the spinal cord longitudinal axis to "pioneer" a new trail space and then retract while depositing an hyaluronic acid-NSC suspension. We conducted testing in a collagen spinal models, and animal testing using human NSCs (hNSCs) in rats and minipigs. RESULTS Continuous surviving trails of hNSCs within rat and minipig naive spinal cords were 12 and 40 mm in length. hNSC trails were delivered across semi-acute contusion injuries in rats. Transplanted hNSCs survived and were able to differentiate into neural lineage cells and astrocytes. CONCLUSION The TrailmakerTM creates longitudinal cellular trails spanning multiple levels from a single-entry point. This may enhance the ability of therapeutics to promote functional relays after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon W Moore
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Nithya Sridhar
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alex A Aimetti
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thomas R Ulich
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James D Guest
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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44
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Zarei-Kheirabadi M, Sadrosadat H, Mohammadshirazi A, Jaberi R, Sorouri F, Khayyatan F, Kiani S. Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells encapsulated in hyaluronic acid promotes regeneration in a contusion spinal cord injured rat. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1118-1129. [PMID: 31982534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic damage that can causes a loss of neurons around the lesion site and resulting in locomotor and sensory deficits. Currently, there is widely attempts in improvement of treatment strategy and cell delivering to the central nervous system (CNS). The usage of hyaluronic acid (HA), the main components of the ECM in CNS tissue and neural stem cells (NSCs) niche, is a good selection that can increase of viability and differentiation of NSCs. Importantly, we demonstrate that encapsulation of human embryonic stem cell derived-neural stem cells (hESC-NS) in HA-based hydrogel can increased differentiation these cells into oligodendrocytes and improved locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Zarei-Kheirabadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Sadrosadat
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mohammadshirazi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Jaberi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sorouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Khayyatan
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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45
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Hunyadi A, Gaál B, Matesz C, Meszar Z, Morawski M, Reimann K, Lendvai D, Alpar A, Wéber I, Rácz É. Distribution and classification of the extracellular matrix in the olfactory bulb. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:321-344. [PMID: 31858237 PMCID: PMC6957564 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) became an important player over the last few decades when studying the plasticity and regeneration of the central nervous system. In spite of the established role of ECM in these processes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), only few papers were published on the ECM of the olfactory system, which shows a lifelong plasticity, synaptic remodeling and postnatal neurogenesis. In the present study, we have described the localization and organization of major ECM molecules, the hyaluronan, the lecticans, tenascin-R and HAPLN1 link protein in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the rat. We detected all of these molecules in the OB showing differences in the molecular composition, staining intensity, and organization of ECM between the layers and in some cases within a single layer. One of the striking features of ECM staining pattern in the OB was that the reactions are shown dominantly in the neuropil, the PNNs were found rarely and they exhibited thin or diffuse appearance Similar organization was shown in human and mice samples. As the PNN limits the neural plasticity, its rare appearance may be related to the high degree of plasticity in the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hunyadi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Botond Gaál
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Meszar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Reimann
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Lendvai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Alan Alpar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.,SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Wéber
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Éva Rácz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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46
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Dysregulation of Hyaluronan Homeostasis During White Matter Injury. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:672-683. [PMID: 31542857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the extra cellular matrix (ECM) comprises a major proportion of the CNS parenchyma, new roles for the ECM in regeneration and repair responses to CNS injury have only recently been appreciated. The ECM undergoes extensive remodeling following injury to the developing or mature CNS in disorders that -include perinatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, multiple sclerosis and age-related vascular dementia. Here we focus on recently described mechanisms involving hyaluronan (HA), which negatively impact myelin repair after cerebral white matter injury. Injury induced depolymerization of hyaluronan (HA)-a component of the neural ECM-can inhibit myelin repair through the actions of specific sizes of HA fragments. These bioactive fragments selectively block the maturation of late oligodendrocyte progenitors via an immune tolerance-like pathway that suppresses pro-myelination signaling. We highlight emerging new pathophysiological roles of the neural ECM, particularly of those played by HA fragments (HAf) after injury and discuss strategies to promoter repair and regeneration of chronic myelination failure.
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47
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Sato K. Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:63-80. [PMID: 31487019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
1. There is growing evidence to suggest that the cells in the maculae flavae are tissue stem cells of the human vocal fold and maculae flavae are a candidate for a stem cell niche. 2. The latest research shows that the cells in the human maculae flavae are involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrices that are essential for viscoelasticity in the human vocal fold mucosa as a vibrating tissue and are considered to be important cells in the growth, development, and aging of the human vocal fold mucosa. 3. Recent evidence has indicated that the cells including vocal fold stellate cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold mucosa are a functionally heterogenous population. 4. The cells in the human maculae flavae possess proteins of all three germ layers, indicating that they are undifferentiated and have the ability of multipotency. 5. The cell division in the human adult maculae flavae is reflective of asymmetric self-renewal, and cultured cells form a colony-forming unit. Therefore, the phenomenon gives rise to the strong possibility that the cells in the human maculae flavae are putative stem cells. 6. Recent research has suggested that the cells in the human maculae flavae arise from the differentiation of bone marrow cells via peripheral circulation. 7. Cultured cell populations in the human maculae flavae are roughly divided into three groups by morphological features: cobblestone-like polygonal cells, vocal fold stellate cell-like cells, and fibroblast-like spindle cells. However, at the present state of our investigation, it is difficult to clarify the stem cell system and hierarchy of stem cells in the human maculae flavae. 8. Subpopulations of cells in the maculae flavae proliferate extremely slowly and retain stem cell properties. 9. Tension caused by phonation seems to regulate the behavior and heterogeneity of the cells (mechanical regulation) in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold. 10. The putative stem cells in the maculae flavae appear to differentiate into other kind of cells in the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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48
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Al-Ahmad AJ, Patel R, Palecek SP, Shusta EV. Hyaluronan impairs the barrier integrity of brain microvascular endothelial cells through a CD44-dependent pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1759-1775. [PMID: 29589805 PMCID: PMC6727144 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18767748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) constitutes the most abundant extracellular matrix component during brain development, only to become a minor component rapidly after birth and in adulthood to remain in specified regions. HA signaling has been associated with several neurological disorders, yet the impact of HA signaling at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function remains undocumented. In this study, we investigated the impact of HA on BBB properties using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) -derived and primary human and rat BMECs. The impact of HA signaling on developmental and mature BMECs was assessed by measuring changes in TEER, permeability, BMECs markers (GLUT1, tight junction proteins, P-gp) expression and localization, CD44 expression and hyaluronan levels. In general, HA treatment decreased barrier function and reduced P-gp activity with effects being more prominent upon treatment with oligomeric forms of HA (oHA). Such effects were exacerbated when applied during BMEC differentiation phase (considered as developmental BBB). We noted a hyaluronidase activity as well as an increase in CD44 expression during prolonged oxygen-glucose deprivation stress. Inhibition of HA signaling by antibody blockade of CD44 abrogated the detrimental effects of HA treatment. These results suggest the importance of HA signaling through CD44 on BBB properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Al-Ahmad
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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49
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Perera TH, Howell SM, Smith Callahan LA. Manipulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Neurite Extension by Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using IKVAV and LRE Peptide Tethering in Hyaluronic Acid Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3009-3020. [PMID: 31306008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular remodeling of the matrix has recently emerged as a key factor in promoting neural differentiation. Most strategies to manipulate matrix remodeling focus on proteolytically cleavable cross-linkers, leading to changes in tethered biochemical signaling and matrix properties. Using peptides that are not the direct target of enzymatic degradation will likely reduce changes in the matrix and improve control of biological behavior. In this study, laminin-derived peptides, IKVAV and LRE, tethered to independent sites in hyaluronic acid matrices using Michael addition and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are sufficient to manipulate hyaluronic acid degradation, gelatinase expression, and protease expression, while promoting neurite extension through matrix metalloprotease-dependent mechanisms in mouse embryonic stem cells encapsulated in hyaluronic acid matrices using an oxidation-reduction reaction initiated gelation. This study provides the foundation for a new strategy to stimulate matrix remodeling that is not dependent on enzymatic cleavage targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Skyler M Howell
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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50
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Tammi MI, Oikari S, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Rilla K, Auvinen P, Tammi RH. Activated hyaluronan metabolism in the tumor matrix — Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:147-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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