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Mzimela NC, Sosibo AM, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Investigation into changes in inflammatory and immune cell markers in pre-diabetic patients from Durban, South Africa. J Immunotoxicol 2024; 21:2290282. [PMID: 38099331 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2290282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of pre-diabetes is increasing in rapidly urbanizing cities, especially in individuals aged 25 - 45 years old. Studies also indicate that this condition is associated with aberrant immune responses that are also influenced by environmental factors. This study sought to investigate changes in the concentration of immune cells and select inflammatory markers in patients with pre-diabetes in Durban, South Africa. Blood samples collected from King Edward Hospital, after obtaining ethics approval, were divided into non-diabetic (ND), pre-diabetic (PD) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) using ADA criteria. In each sample, the concentration of immune cells and select inflammatory markers were determined. The results showed a significant increase in eosinophil and basophil levels in the PD group as compared to the ND group. Compared to ND, the PD and T2D groups had significant increases in serum TNFα, CD40L and fibrinogen concentrations. Additionally, there were decreases in serum CRP, IL-6, and P-selectin in the PD group while these markers increased in the T2D group. These findings were indicative of immune activation and highlight the impact of pre-diabetes in this population. More studies are recommended with a higher number of samples that are stratified by gender and represent the gender ratio in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomusa Christina Mzimela
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences
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Todd K, Gunter K, Bowen JM, Holmes CL, Tilston-Lunel NL, Vornhagen J. Type-2 diabetes mellitus enhances Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596766. [PMID: 38853822 PMCID: PMC11160788 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infection. K. pneumoniae infections are historically associated with diabetes mellitus. There is a fundamental gap in our understanding of how diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, influences K. pneumoniae pathogenesis. K. pneumoniae pathogenesis is a multifactorial process that often begins with gut colonization, followed by an escape from the gut to peripheral sites, leading to host damage and infection. We hypothesized that type 2 diabetes enhances K. pneumoniae pathogenesis. To test this, we used well-established mouse models of K. pneumoniae colonization and lung infection in conjunction with a mouse model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We show that T2DM enhances susceptibility to both K. pneumoniae colonization and infection. The enhancement of gut colonization is dependent on T2DM-induced modulation of the gut microbiota community structure. In contrast, lung infection is exacerbated by the increased availability of amino acids in the lung, which is associated with higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data lay the foundation for mechanistic interrogation of the relationship between K. pneumoniae pathogenesis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and explicitly establish T2DM as a risk factor for K. pneumoniae disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn Todd
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Krista Gunter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - James M. Bowen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Caitlyn L. Holmes
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
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Chow J, Imani S, Kavisinghe I, Mittal R, Martin B. Definitive single-stage surgery for treating diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a protocolized pathway including antibiotic bone graft substitute use. ANZ J Surg 2024. [PMID: 38760999 DOI: 10.1111/ans.19032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a challenging complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to poor clinical outcomes and significant socioeconomic burdens. We evaluated the effectiveness of a definitive single-stage protocolized surgical management pathway, including the use of local antibiotic bone graft substitute, for the treatment of infected DFUs with associated osteomyelitis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Medical records were extracted (from January 2017 to December 2020) to establish a database consisting of patients who underwent surgical intervention for the treatment of an infected DFU with osteomyelitis. Patients were divided into conventional (control) and protocolized (intervention) surgical groups depending on the treatment received. Clinical outcomes were assessed over a 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS A total of 136 consecutive patients were included (conventional = 33, protocolized = 103). The protocolized group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of operations performed per patient (1.2 vs. 3.5) (P < 0.001) and a shorter accumulative hospital length of stay (12.6 vs. 25.1 days) (P < 0.001) compared to the conventional group. Major amputation rates were significantly lower in the protocolized group (2% vs. 18%) (P < 0.001). Within 12 months of surgical intervention, the protocolized group exhibited an ulcer healing rate of 89%, with a low rate of recurrence (3%). CONCLUSION The protocolized surgical pathway, including local antibiotic bone graft substitute use, demonstrated superior outcomes compared to conventional management for the treatment of infected DFUs with osteomyelitis. Further research is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and generalizability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Greater Sydney Foot and Ankle Research and Education Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sahand Imani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Greater Sydney Foot and Ankle Research and Education Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isuri Kavisinghe
- Greater Sydney Foot and Ankle Research and Education Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajat Mittal
- Greater Sydney Foot and Ankle Research and Education Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Greater Sydney Foot and Ankle Research and Education Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Peng Y, Guo Y, Ge X, Gong Y, Wang Y, Ou Z, Luo G, Zhan R, Zhang Y. Construction of programmed time-released multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for impaired wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38519957 PMCID: PMC10960406 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The successful reprogramming of impaired wound healing presents ongoing challenges due to the impaired tissue microenvironment caused by severe bacterial infection, excessive oxidative stress, as well as the inappropriate dosage timing during different stages of the healing process. Herein, a dual-layer hydrogel with sodium alginate (SA)-loaded zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-loaded Cu5.4O ultrasmall nanozymes (named programmed time-released multifunctional hydrogel, PTMH) was designed to dynamically regulate the wound inflammatory microenvironment based on different phases of wound repairing. PTMH combated bacteria at the early phase of infection by generating reactive oxygen species through ZnO under visible-light irradiation with gradual degradation of the lower layer. Subsequently, when the upper layer was in direct contact with the wound tissue, Cu5.4O ultrasmall nanozymes were released to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species. This neutralized a range of inflammatory factors and facilitated the transition from the inflammatory phase to the proliferative phase. Furthermore, the utilization of Cu5.4O ultrasmall nanozymes enhanced angiogenesis, thereby facilitating the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the impaired tissue. Our experimental findings indicate that PTMHs promote the healing process of diabetic wounds with bacterial infection in mice, exhibiting notable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties over a specific period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yali Gong
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zelin Ou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Oliveira PJ, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Real-time OXPHOS capacity analysis in wounded skin from diabetic mice: A pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14128. [PMID: 37975307 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs wound healing. The aim was to determine whether DM influences mitochondrial respiration in wounded skin (WS) and non-wounded skin (NWS), in a pre-clinical wound healing model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS Six weeks after diabetes induction, two wounds were created in the back of C57BL/J6 mice. Using high-resolution respirometry (HRR), oxygen flux was measured, in WS and NWS, using two substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols, at baseline (day 0), day 3 and 10 post-wounding, in STZ-DM and non-diabetic (NDM) mice. Flux control ratios for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity were calculated. RESULTS A significant increase in mitochondrial respiration was observed in STZ-DM skin compared to control skin at baseline. The OXPHOS capacity was decreased in WS under diabetes at day 3 post-wounding (inflammation phase). However, at day 10 post-wounding (remodeling phase), the OXPHOS capacity was higher in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice, and compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice. A significant relative contribution of pyruvate, malate and glutamate (PMG) oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was observed in WS compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice, at day 10, while the relative contribution of fatty acid oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was higher in NWS. The OXPHOS capacity is altered in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice across the healing process, and so is the substrate contribution in WS and NWS from STZ-DM mice, at each time point. CONCLUSION HRR may be a sensitive tool to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of tissue repair during wound healing.
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Grants
- DL57/2016/CP1448/ CT0024 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/144199/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/145054/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- UIDB/04539/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, PhD Programme in Biosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yan P, Ke B, Fang X. Bioinformatics reveals the pathophysiological relationship between diabetic nephropathy and periodontitis in the context of aging. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24872. [PMID: 38304805 PMCID: PMC10830875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis (PD) is a microbially-induced chronic inflammatory disease that is thought to have a bidirectional relationship with diabetes mellitus. DN and PD are recognized as models associated with accelerated aging. This study is divided into two parts, the first of which explores the bidirectional causal relationship through Mendelian randomization (MR). The second part aims to investigate the relationship between PD and DN in terms of potential crosstalk genes, aging-related genes, biological pathways, and processes using bioinformatic methods. MR analysis showed no evidence to support a causal relationship between DN and PD (P = 0.34) or PD and DN (P = 0.77). Using the GEO database, we screened 83 crosstalk genes overlapping in two diseases. Twelve paired genes identified by Pearson correlation and the four hub genes in the key cluster were jointly evaluated as key crosstalk-aging genes. Using support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithms, feature selection established five genes as the key crosstalk-aging genes. Based on five key genes, an ANN diagnostic model with reliable diagnosis of two diseases was developed. Gene enrichment analysis indicates that AGE-RAGE pathway signaling, the complement system, and multiple immune inflammatory pathways may be involved in common features of both diseases. Immune infiltration analysis reveals that most immune cells are differentially expressed in PD and DN, with dendritic cells and T cells assuming vital roles in both diseases. Overall, although there is no causal link, CSF1R, CXCL6, VCAM1, JUN and IL1B may be potential crosstalk-aging genes linking PD and DN. The common pathways and markers explored in this study could contribute to a deeper understanding of the common pathogenesis of both diseases in the context of aging and provide a theoretical basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ben Ke
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li G, Wang J, Wu W, Wang M, Han X, Zhang Z, Tang C. Proteomic Analysis of the Supernatant from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells under High Glucose Conditions. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:344-355. [PMID: 38113133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus hinders the process of bone regeneration by inhibiting the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through elevated glucose levels, thereby impeding osteointegration. The stem cell niche (SCN) plays a crucial role in determining the fate of stem cells by integrating various signals. However, the precise mechanism by which high glucose levels affect the SCN and subsequently influence the function of MSCs remains unclear. In this study, we employed proteomic analysis to identify proteins with altered expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM), aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Three cell supernatants were collected from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) or BMSCs stimulated with high glucose (BMSCs+Hg). A total of 590 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were found to be associated with the ECM, including aging, autophagy, and osteogenic differentiation. The findings of our study indicate that elevated glucose levels exert an influence on the molecular aspects of the SCN, potentially contributing to a better comprehension of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mingxi Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Sama LF, Sadjeu S, Tchouangueu TF, Dabou S, Kuh GF, Ngouateu OB, Noubom M. Diabetes Mellitus and HIV Infection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the North West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:5998727. [PMID: 38045656 PMCID: PMC10691891 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5998727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence rate of HIV and diabetes among tuberculosis (TB) patients and also the comorbidity rate. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting. This study was carried out at the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon, from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants. 1115 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis aged ≥14 years (mean 42.5 ± 15.28 years). Methods Sputum samples collected were acid-fast stained and examined macroscopically as well as inoculated for culture. A chest X-ray was performed for further confirmation of TB diagnosis. After the TB diagnosis was done, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-PG test, HbA1c, and biochemical enzymatic tests were performed for the diagnosis of diabetes. Rapid strip test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to diagnose HIV infection. Interventions. No intervention was done during the period of study. Outcome Measures. The prevalence of TB/HIV and TB/HIV/DM, signs and symptoms, imaging results, and bacteriology status among TB/HIV, TB/HIV/DM coinfected, and comorbidity cases. Results Of 1115 participants, 38.57% had TB/HIV, and 5.83% had TB/HIV/DM. Among TB/HIV/DM cases, 20.39% had a cough for more than 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 4.866 (3.170-7.404)], and 35.71% had a fever for at least 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 7.824 (5.336-11.36)]. The majority of TB/HIV/DM patients (77.42%) had chest pain for at least 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 114.3 (59.78-207.1)]. 7.41%, 14.18%, and 9.09% of TB/HIV/DM, respectively, had chest abnormality, positive smear, and positive culture (p = 0.018). Significant differences were observed between signs and symptoms, imaging results, bacteriology, treatment history for TB cases and those with HIV and/or DM, and those without HIV and/or DM coinfection and comorbidity. Conclusion This study reports a high prevalence of DM comorbidity and HIV coinfection among active TB patients in the North West Region of Cameroon as well as TB/HIV/DM comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Fonkeng Sama
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sidoine Sadjeu
- Gulf of Guinea University Institute, Institute of Applied Science, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Health and Pharmaceutical Science, P.O. Box 96, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Solange Dabou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Georges Ful Kuh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Omer Bebe Ngouateu
- University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Health and Pharmaceutical Science, P.O. Box 96, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Ergi DG, Kahraman Ü, Akkuş G, Durmaz S, Balcıoğlu Ö, Engin Ç, Yağmur B, Nalbantgil S, Çiçek C, Özbaran M, Yağdı T. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Heart Failure Patients: Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3460. [PMID: 37998596 PMCID: PMC10670598 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the impact of heart failure on anti-spike antibody positivity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Our study included 103 heart failure (HF) patients, including those with and without left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) selected from our institutional transplant waiting list as well as 104 non-heart failure (NHF) patients who underwent open heart surgery at our institution from 2021 to 2022. All the patients received either heterologous or homologous doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac. The median age of the HF group was 56.0 (interquartile range (IQR): 48.0-62.5) and the NHF group was 63.0 (IQR: 56.0-70.2) years, and the majority were males in both groups (n = 78; 75.7% and n = 80; 76.9%, respectively). The majority of the patients in both the HF and NHF groups received heterologous vaccinations (n = 43; 41.7% and n = 52; 50.3%, respectively; p = 0.002). There was no difference in the anti-spike antibody positivity between the patients with and without heart failure (p = 0.725). Vaccination with BNT162b2 led to significantly higher antibody levels compared to CoronaVac alone (OR: 11.0; 95% CI: 3.8-31.5). With each passing day after the last vaccine dose, there was a significant decrease in anti-spike antibody positivity, with an OR of 0.9 (95% CI: 0.9-0.9). Furthermore, hyperlipidemia was associated with increased antibody positivity (p = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Güneş Ergi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (D.G.E.); (Ü.K.); (Ç.E.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Ümit Kahraman
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (D.G.E.); (Ü.K.); (Ç.E.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Gözde Akkuş
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (G.A.); (C.Ç.)
| | - Seyfi Durmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Özlem Balcıoğlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Near East University Hospital, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Çağatay Engin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (D.G.E.); (Ü.K.); (Ç.E.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Burcu Yağmur
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (B.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Sanem Nalbantgil
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (B.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Candan Çiçek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (G.A.); (C.Ç.)
| | - Mustafa Özbaran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (D.G.E.); (Ü.K.); (Ç.E.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Tahir Yağdı
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (D.G.E.); (Ü.K.); (Ç.E.); (M.Ö.)
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Zhang XJ, Han XW, Jiang YH, Wang YL, He XL, Liu DH, Huang J, Liu HH, Ye TC, Li SJ, Li ZR, Dong XM, Wu HY, Long WJ, Ni SH, Lu L, Yang ZQ. Impact of inflammation and anti-inflammatory modalities on diabetic cardiomyopathy healing: From fundamental research to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110747. [PMID: 37586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, treatment options for DCM remain limited. For decades, a substantial body of evidence has suggested that the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of DCM. Notably, DCM is closely associated with alterations in inflammatory cells, exerting direct effects on major resident cells such as cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These cellular changes subsequently contribute to the development of DCM. This article comprehensively analyzes cellular, animal, and human studies to summarize the latest insights into the impact of inflammation on DCM. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of DCM are also taken into consideration. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate the existing literature on the inflammatory processes underlying DCM, providing clinicians with the necessary knowledge and tools to adopt a more efficient and evidence-based approach to managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Ya-Le Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Xing-Ling He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Dong-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Jie Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hao-Hui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Tao-Chun Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
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11
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Acosta A, Ramirez Marquez E, Aguayo A, Perez A, Rivera L, Oliver AL. Managing a Pigmented Corneal Ulcer in a 58-Year-Old Patient. Cureus 2023; 15:e46850. [PMID: 37954775 PMCID: PMC10637339 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a case study involving a 58-year-old male with a pigmented corneal ulcer. The patient presented with a two-month history of an unresolved corneal ulcer in the oculus sinister (OS), accompanied by increasing ocular discomfort. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 oculus dexter and hand motion OS. Examination of OS revealed mild conjunctival injection, diffuse corneal edema, and the presence of a central pigmented lesion. Microbiological analysis via culture identified the causative agent as Ochroconis fungi, belonging to the dematiaceous species. Subsequently, the patient's condition was managed through a comprehensive regimen that included multiple topical antifungal agents, a topical antibiotic, and povidone-iodine drops. After two months of treatment, the patient exhibited improvement in his condition. His BCVA improved to counting fingers at a distance of two feet OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Acosta
- Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, USA
| | | | - Angel Aguayo
- Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, USA
| | - Alejandro Perez
- Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, USA
| | - Lília Rivera
- Ophthalmology and Cornea, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, USA
| | - Armando L Oliver
- Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, USA
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12
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Rajab AAH, Hegazy WAH. What’s old is new again: Insights into diabetic foot microbiome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:680-704. [PMID: 37383589 PMCID: PMC10294069 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is considered one of the most stubborn global health problems that continues to defy the efforts of scientists and physicians. The prevalence of diabetes in the global population continues to grow to alarming levels year after year, causing an increase in the incidence of diabetes complications and health care costs all over the world. One major complication of diabetes is the high susceptibility to infections especially in the lower limbs due to the immunocompromised state of diabetic patients, which is considered a definitive factor in all cases. Diabetic foot infections continue to be one of the most common infections in diabetic patients that are associated with a high risk of serious complications such as bone infection, limb amputations, and life-threatening systemic infections. In this review, we discussed the circumstances associated with the high risk of infection in diabetic patients as well as some of the most commonly isolated pathogens from diabetic foot infections and the related virulence behavior. In addition, we shed light on the different treatment strategies that aim at eradicating the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A H Rajab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagzig 44511, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagzig 44511, Egypt
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13
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Deng Y, Smith PN, Li RW. Diabetes mellitus is a potential risk factor for aseptic loosening around hip and knee arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:266. [PMID: 37020220 PMCID: PMC10074698 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening is a leading cause of revision following total hip and knee arthroplasty which is caused by chronic inflammation around the prosthesis. Diabetes mellitus causes systemic inflammatory changes which could increase the risk of aseptic loosening. This study investigated the association between diabetes mellitus and aseptic loosening around hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS A case-control study was conducted at a single arthroplasty centre over the seven-year period of January 2015 to December 2021. Cases were defined as any adult patient undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening. Controls were randomly selected patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty during the same period at a 1:4 ratio. Risk factors were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 440 patients were included in our study - 88 in the aseptic loosening group and 352 patients in the control group. The odds of having diabetes mellitus in the aseptic loosening group was 2.78 (95%CI 1.31-5.92, P = 0.01). Other risk factors were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of diabetes mellitus is significantly greater in patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic loosening. Further research is required to explore whether this association is indeed causative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Australian National University School of Medicine and Psychology, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Paul N Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Australian National University School of Medicine and Psychology, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Australian National University School of Medicine and Psychology, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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14
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Dallavalasa S, Tulimilli SV, Prakash J, Ramachandra R, Madhunapantula SV, Veeranna RP. COVID-19: Diabetes Perspective-Pathophysiology and Management. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020184. [PMID: 36839456 PMCID: PMC9967788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence relating to the impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes is limited but continues to emerge. COVID-19 pneumonia is a newly identified illness spreading rapidly throughout the world and causes many disabilities and fatal deaths. Over the ensuing 2 years, the indirect effects of the pandemic on healthcare delivery have become prominent, along with the lingering effects of the virus on those directly infected. Diabetes is a commonly identified risk factor that contributes not only to the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients, but also to the associated complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Diabetic patients are highly affected due to increased viral entry into the cells and decreased immunity. Several hypotheses to explain the increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes have been proposed and explained in detail recently. On the other hand, 20-50% of COVID-19 patients reported new-onset hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes, suggesting the two-way interactions between COVID-19 and diabetes. A systematic review is required to confirm diabetes as a complication in those patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Diabetes and diabetes-related complications in COVID-19 patients are primarily due to the acute illness caused during the SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by the release of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have been shown to drive hyperglycemia positively. This review provides brief insights into the potential mechanisms linking COVID-19 and diabetes, and presents clinical management recommendations for better handling of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Dallavalasa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Centre), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V. Tulimilli
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Centre), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Janhavi Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Ramya Ramachandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Centre), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, India
- Leader, Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Ravindra P. Veeranna
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India
- Correspondence:
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15
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A Designed Host Defense Peptide for the Topical Treatment of MRSA-Infected Diabetic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032143. [PMID: 36768463 PMCID: PMC9917076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic dysregulation which is frequently associated with diabetic foot ulcers that result from a severely compromised innate immune system. The high levels of blood glucose characteristic of diabetes cause an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators, which accelerate cellular senescence and dampen antimicrobial activity within dermal tissue. In diabetic wounds, bacteria and fungi proliferate in a protective biofilm forming a structure that a compromised host defense system cannot easily penetrate, often resulting in chronic infections that require antimicrobial intervention to promote the healing process. The designed host defense peptide (dHDP) RP557 is a synthesized peptide whose sequence has been derived from naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens. AMPs possess an amphipathic α-helix or β-sheet structure and a net positive charge that enables them to incorporate into pathogen membranes and perturb the barrier function of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with fungi. The capacity of skin to resist infections is largely dependent upon the activity of endogenous AMPs that provided the basis for the design and testing of RP557 for the resolution of wound infections. In the current study, the topical application of RP557 stopped bacterial growth in the biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 infected wounds on the flanks of clinically relevant diabetic TALLYHO mice. Topical application of RP557 reduced bacterial load and accelerated wound closure, while wound size in control diabetic mice continued to expand. These studies demonstrate that RP557 reduces or eliminates an infection in its biofilm and restores wound-healing capacity.
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16
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Mzimela NC, Sosibo AM, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. The changes that occur in the immune system during immune activation in pre-diabetic patients of all ethnicities, from the age of 25- to 45-years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30903. [PMID: 36595749 PMCID: PMC9794255 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-diabetes is an intermediate state between normoglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This condition has been shown to be asymptomatic thus making it hard to investigate the changes that occur in the body during this state. Recent findings stipulate that in this state, there are changes that are often associated with T2D. These include changes in concentration of immune cells and inflammatory markers. This systematic review will provide a synthesis of the data that is available reporting on the changes in the concentration of immune cells and selected markers during prediabetes. It will also give clarity of the variation of the complications of the condition among the various demographic groups. METHODS The assembly of this systematic review was through strict adherance to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. This systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number "CRD42020184828" dated 05-07-2020). In this systematic review, published clinical studies articles that involve observational reports, whether it is case-control, cross-sectional, and comparative cross-sectional will be used. Cohort study designs that involve normal/non-diabetic and pre-diabetes reports will be used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical MeSH headings to search on MEDLINE, COCHRANE library, EMBASE, and ICTRP and African Journal Online will be a tool used to achieve the required report. Reviewers (NCM, AMS, and AK) will screen all the results and select the studies that will be eligible by guidance according to eligibility criteria. Downs and Black Checklist will be used to check the risk of bias and then for meta-analysis Review Manager v5.4 Forrest plot will be used. Additionally, the Forrest plot will also be used for sensitivity analysis. The strength of evidence will then be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Only 4 reports were eligible and risk of bias checked. The results indicated the outcomes even though there were only few reports. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This systematic review will give an indication on the available data on this research area and lay a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomusa Christina Mzimela
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Nomusa Christina Mzimela, Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa (e-mail: )
| | - Aubrey Mbulelo Sosibo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Siphosethu Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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17
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Lamanna DL, McDonnell ME, Chen AF, Gallagher JM. Perioperative Identification and Management of Hyperglycemia in Orthopaedic Surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:2117-2126. [PMID: 36005390 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ The consequences of undermanaged perioperative hyperglycemia are notable and can have a serious impact on adverse postoperative outcomes, especially surgical site infections and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). ➤ Preoperative screening of hemoglobin A1c with a goal threshold of <7.45% is ideal. ➤ There are a variety of risk factors that contribute to hyperglycemia that should be considered in the perioperative period, including glucocorticoid use, nutritional factors, patient-specific factors, anesthesia, and surgery. ➤ There are expected trends in the rise, peak, and fall of postoperative blood glucose levels, and identifying and treating hyperglycemia as swiftly as possible are the fundamental aims of treatment and improved glucose control. Performing frequent postoperative blood glucose monitoring (in the post-anesthesia care unit, on the day of surgery at 1700 and 2100 hours, and in the morning of postoperative day 1) should be considered to allow for the early detection of alterations in glucose metabolism. In addition, instituting a postoperative dietary restriction of carbohydrates should be considered. ➤ The use of insulin as a hypoglycemic agent in orthopaedic patients is relatively safe and is an effective means of controlling fluctuating blood glucose levels. Insulin therapy should be administered to treat hyperglycemia at ≥140 mg/dL when fasting and ≥180 mg/dL postprandially. Insulin therapy should be ceased at blood glucose levels of <110 mg/dL; however, monitoring for glycemic dysregulation should be continued. In all cases of complex diabetes, consultation with diabetes specialty services should be considered. ➤ The emerging use of technology, including continuous subcutaneous insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring, is an exciting area of further research and development as such technology can more immediately detect and correct aberrations in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Lamanna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie E McDonnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Abbas U, Masood KI, Khan A, Irfan M, Saifullah N, Jamil B, Hasan Z. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Relating immune impact of co-morbidity with challenges in disease management in high burden countries. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 29:100343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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19
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Sinha A, Sitlani CM, Doyle MF, Fohner AE, Buzkova P, Floyd JS, Huber SA, Olson NC, Njoroge JN, Kizer JR, Delaney JA, Shah SS, Tracy RP, Psaty B, Feinstein M. Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4177-4188. [PMID: 36097332 PMCID: PMC9773780 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with incident heart failure (HF), but prospective data on associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF are lacking. We determined the associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF as well as HF subtypes [with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Peripheral blood immune cell subsets were measured in adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, HF risk factors, and cytomegalovirus serostatus were used to evaluate the association of the immune cell subsets with incident HF. The average age of the MESA cohort at the time of immune cell measurements was 63.0 ± 10.4 years with 51% women, and in the CHS cohort, it was 79.6 ± 4.4 years with 62% women. In the meta-analysis of CHS and MESA, a higher proportion of CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cells (per one standard deviation) was associated with a lower risk of incident HF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.91, (95% CI 0.83-0.99), P = 0.03]. Specifically, higher proportion of CD4+ Th1 cells was significantly associated with a lower risk of HFrEF [HR 0.73, (95% CI 0.62-0.85), <0.001] after correction for multiple testing. No association was observed with HFpEF. No other cell subsets were associated with incident HF. CONCLUSIONS We observed that higher proportions of CD4+ Th1 cells were associated with a lower risk of incident HFrEF in two distinct population-based cohorts, with similar effect sizes in both cohorts demonstrating replicability. Although unexpected, the consistency of this finding across cohorts merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | | | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - James S. Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Joyce N. Njoroge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,College of PharmacyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Sanjiv S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner M.D. College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Matthew Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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Blanks AM, Pedersen LN, Caslin HL, Mihalick VL, Via J, Canada JM, Van Tassell B, Carbone S, Abbate A, Lee Franco R. LPS differentially affects expression of CD14 and CCR2 in monocyte subsets of Post-STEMI patients with hyperglycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110077. [PMID: 36089102 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), recruitment and activation of monocytes [classical (CD14++CD16-CCR2++), intermediate (CD14++CD16+CCR2+), non-classical (CD14LowCD16++CCR2Low)] are needed for myocardial wound healing. Monocyte surface receptor CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is responsible for monocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein co-receptor, CD14, is involved in pro-inflammatory monocyte activation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of ex-vivo LPS activation on monocyte subset CD14 and CCR2 expression in post-STEMI individuals with normal and elevated random blood glucose. METHODS Post-STEMI subjects were identified as normal random glucose (NG, <98 mg/dL, n = 13) or impaired random glucose (IG, ≥98 mg/dL, n = 26) and monocytes were analyzed for non-activated and LPS-activated (1 µg/mL for 4 h) CCR2 and CD14 expression. RESULTS Non-activated intermediate monocytes from IG showed decreased CD14 expression when compared to NG, which was maintained following LPS-activation. The NG group showed a larger absolute reduction in classical CCR2 expression, leading to a significant difference between NG and IG following LPS-activation. CONCLUSION Results suggest a heightened response to pro-inflammatory activation in IG following STEMI, which may impair or delay post-STEMI myocardial healing, and thus increase the incidence of chronic heart failure. NIH 1R34HL121402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson M Blanks
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Lauren N Pedersen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Virginia L Mihalick
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Jeremy Via
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Justin M Canada
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Benjamin Van Tassell
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - R Lee Franco
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States.
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Lucas-González R, Capanoglu E, Pateiro M, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Hano C, Lorenzo JM. Current trends in Passiflora genus research: Obesity and fermented foods systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Malekpour Alamdari N, Afaghi S, Esmaeili Tarki F, Fathi M, Besharat S, Rahimi F. Risk Factors of Recurrent Anal Abscess in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; a 4-Year Retrospective study. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022; 10:e69. [PMID: 36381972 PMCID: PMC9637263 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anal abscess is considered as a relatively common compilation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of recurrent anal abscess in T2DM patients. METHODS In this 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study, T2DM patients hospitalized due to anal abscess in Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran from December 2016 to December 2020 were studied. The independent risk factors of disease recurrence were determined among demographic factors, underlying diseases, diabetes-related factors, clinical factors, laboratory parameters, abscess type, and culture using multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 203 patients were enrolled in the study. 58 (28.6%) patients had at least one re-occurrence of anal abscess during four years. The recurrent episodes had occurred more frequently in the first year after the initial treatment (55.2%). The prevalence of comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease was significantly higher amongst patients with abscess recurrence. The patients with recurrent anal abscess had statically significant poor glycemic control (HbA1C > 7.5), decreased levels of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (e-GFR), and higher C-reactive Protein (CRP) upon the first admission. Presence of metabolic syndrome, HbA1c > 7.5%, WBC > 11.0 ×109/L, and CRP > 5 mg/l were amongst the independent risk factors of recurrence. HbA1c > 7.5% was the greatest independent risk factor of anal abscess recurrence (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.37-5.25; p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of HbA1C, CRP, and WBC in predicting the risk of abscess recurrence was 0.81, 0.71, and 0.64, respectively. CONCLUSION Th recurrence rate of anal abscess in this series was 28.6 %. It seems that in T2DM patients with uncontrolled diabetes who have metabolic syndrome and increased CRP and WBC in their routine tests, the probability of anal abscess reoccurrence is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Malekpour Alamdari
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili Tarki
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Besharat
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Rahimi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Matysek A, Studnicka A, Smith WM, Hutny M, Gajewski P, Filipiak KJ, Goh J, Yang G. Influence of Co-morbidities During SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an Indian Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:962101. [PMID: 35979209 PMCID: PMC9377050 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.962101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic the interindividual variability in the course of the disease has been reported, indicating a wide range of factors influencing it. Factors which were the most often associated with increased COVID-19 severity include higher age, obesity and diabetes. The influence of cytokine storm is complex, reflecting the complexity of the immunological processes triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A modern challenge such as a worldwide pandemic requires modern solutions, which in this case is harnessing the machine learning for the purpose of analysing the differences in the clinical properties of the populations affected by the disease, followed by grading its significance, consequently leading to creation of tool applicable for assessing the individual risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Biochemical and morphological parameters values of 5,000 patients (Curisin Healthcare (India) were gathered and used for calculation of eGFR, SII index and N/L ratio. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient formula was used for assessment of correlations between each of the features in the population and the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Feature importance was evaluated by fitting a Random Forest machine learning model to the data and examining their predictive value. Its accuracy was measured as the F1 Score. Results The parameters which showed the highest correlation coefficient were age, random serum glucose, serum urea, gender and serum cholesterol, whereas the highest inverse correlation coefficient was assessed for alanine transaminase, red blood cells count and serum creatinine. The accuracy of created model for differentiating positive from negative SARS-CoV-2 cases was 97%. Features of highest importance were age, alanine transaminase, random serum glucose and red blood cells count. Conclusion The current analysis indicates a number of parameters available for a routine screening in clinical setting. It also presents a tool created on the basis of these parameters, useful for assessing the individual risk of developing COVID-19 in patients. The limitation of the study is the demographic specificity of the studied population, which might restrict its general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matysek
- Immunidex Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Cognescence Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Studnicka
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wade Menpes Smith
- Immunidex Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Cognescence Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Hutny
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Students’ Scientific Society, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Gajewski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System (NUHS), Centre for Healthy Longevity, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guang Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Quincey A, Mohan S, Edderkaoui B. Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins Mediate the Effects of Hyperglycemia in Chondrocytes: In Vitro Studies. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060836. [PMID: 35743867 PMCID: PMC9224901 DOI: 10.3390/life12060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are secreted by a large variety of cells. They are involved in controlling cell trafficking, maturation, and differentiation. However, the specific responses and effects of chemokines on specific skeletal cell types under high glucose conditions have not been investigated. Chondrocytes play an important role in osteoarthritis and fracture healing. Delayed fracture healing is one of the major health complications caused by diabetes, so the goal of this study was to evaluate the response of several chemokines to high glucose conditions in chondrocyte cells and analyze their role in the catabolic effect of hyperglycemia. ATDC5 chondrocytes were cultured in normal and high glucose media, and mRNA expression levels of several chemokines and chondrocyte differentiation markers were quantified. Bindarit, a specific inhibitor of monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs), was used to determine the role of MCPs in mediating the effects of high glucose conditions in chondrocyte cells. High glucose treatment upregulated the expression of three Mcps, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13) and Osteocalcin (Oc). Furthermore, bindarit treatment downregulated Mmp13 and Oc but upregulated Collagen 2 (Col2) mRNA levels in chondrocytes treated with high glucose. Moreover, treatment of chondrocytes with ascorbic acid reduced the effect of high glucose conditions on the expression of chemokines and Mmps. These data together suggest that MCPs mediate the catabolic effect of high glucose in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Quincey
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Bouchra Edderkaoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Arjunan P, Swaminathan R. Do Oral Pathogens Inhabit the Eye and Play a Role in Ocular Diseases? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102938. [PMID: 35629064 PMCID: PMC9146391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascinatingly, the immune-privileged healthy eye has a small unique population of microbiota. The human microbiome project led to continuing interest in the ocular microbiome. Typically, ocular microflorae are commensals of low diversity that colonize the external and internal sites of the eye, without instigating any disorders. Ocular commensals modulate immunity and optimally regulate host defense against pathogenic invasion, both on the ocular surface and neuroretina. Yet, any alteration in this symbiotic relationship culminates in the perturbation of ocular homeostasis and shifts the equilibrium toward local or systemic inflammation and, in turn, impaired visual function. A compositional variation in the ocular microbiota is associated with surface disorders such as keratitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. Nevertheless, innovative studies now implicate non-ocular microbial dysbiosis in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), uveitis, and diabetic retinopathy. Accordingly, prompt identification of the extra-ocular etiology and a methodical understanding of the mechanisms of invasion and host-microbial interaction is of paramount importance for preventative and therapeutic interventions for vision-threatening conditions. This review article aims to explore the current literature evidence to better comprehend the role of oral pathogens in the etiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, specifically AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachiappan Arjunan
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Radhika Swaminathan
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
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Association of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers after the BNT162b2 Vaccine among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Japan. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050776. [PMID: 35632532 PMCID: PMC9148122 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia can alter the activation of innate and acquired immunity, but epidemiological evidence linking hyperglycemia to post-vaccination immunogenicity is limited. Objective: To examine the association between SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers after the COVID-19 vaccine and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes. Methods: Participants were 953 health care workers aged 21−75 years who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies and underwent a health checkup two months after their second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. IFG was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 100−125 mg/dL, and diabetes was defined as an FPG level ≥ 126 mg/dL or being under medical care for diabetes. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the ratio of the mean. Result: Spike IgG antibody titers were lower in the presence of hyperglycemia; the ratios of the means (95% CI) were 1.00, 0.79 (0.60−1.04), and 0.60 (0.42−0.87) for individuals with normoglycemia, IFG, and diabetes, respectively (p trend < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that IgG spike antibody titers decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of FPG. Conclusion: Diabetes and, to a lesser extent, IFG may be associated with poor humoral immune response after BNT162b2 vaccination.
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27
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Aloul KM, Nielsen JE, Defensor EB, Lin JS, Fortkort JA, Shamloo M, Cirillo JD, Gombart AF, Barron AE. Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880961. [PMID: 35634307 PMCID: PMC9134243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation by inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells, all hallmarks of a strong inflammatory response that can lead to severe complications and multi-organ damage. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with a high prevalence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombosis that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia, diabetes, and old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19, possibly concomitant with the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain and invasion of the nervous system via the olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review the relevance of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in SARS-CoV-2 infections. LL-37 is an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory response, neovascularization, Lewy body formation, and pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form of vitamin D and a number of other compounds induce LL-37 expression and one might predict its upregulation, could reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation of LL-37 will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance by macrophages, speeding endothelial repair after inflammatory tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, and supporting blood-glucose level stabilization by facilitating insulin release and islet β-cell neogenesis. In addition, it has been postulated that LL-37 can directly bind the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purposeful upregulation of LL-37 could also serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Aloul
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Erwin B. Defensor
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John A. Fortkort
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Lawrence R, Xenophon K, Ikeokwu AE. Ray Amputation in a Traumatic Diabetic Foot. Cureus 2022; 14:e24444. [PMID: 35637820 PMCID: PMC9129104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot is a complex syndrome that is co-morbid with other diabetic complications such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy. Patients with the diabetic foot are increasingly prone to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) due to a high infection susceptibility and poor wound healing possibly prompting the need for minor or major amputations. We herein highlight the case of a 47-year-old male with a traumatic diabetic foot who necessitated a Ray amputation (RA). The notable aspects of this case are the late presentation of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes who could have avoided this complication if he went to seek help earlier and how diabetic foot is controlled and managed in a low-income resource setting. This case also highlights how physicians can better diagnose and treat diabetic foot complications with a scoring metric.
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Alsamahi S, Milne TM, Hussaini H, Rich AM, Friedlander LT. Type 2 diabetes and the clinically normal pulp - An in-vitro study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:660-671. [PMID: 35322881 PMCID: PMC9324782 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on clinically normal dental pulp tissue by using special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the morphology of the coronal pulp and distribution of immune markers in non‐T2D and T2D groups. Methodology Ethics approval for this in vitro pilot study was obtained from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (16/069). Twenty extracted permanent molar teeth diagnosed as having clinically normal pulp status were collected. Ten teeth were from participants with well‐controlled T2D and ten from participants without diabetes (non‐T2D). Each tooth was sectioned transversely at the cemento‐enamel junction before the crowns were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Massons trichrome, and van Gieson stains for histological and morphological evaluation. IHC using anti‐CD4, anti‐CD68 and anti‐CD83 and anti‐IL1β, anti‐IL6, anti‐IL17, anti‐TNF‐α, anti‐TLR2, anti‐TLR4 and anti‐FOXP3 identified proteins of interest. Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analyses evaluated the morphology of the dental pulp and protein expression. Data analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism, using Student's t‐test and multiple regression using SPSS at p < .05. Results Special stains demonstrated morphological differences in the T2D dental pulp compared with non‐T2D. Qualitative analysis indicated that the pulp in the T2D samples was consistently less cellular, less vascular, showed evidence of thickened blood vessel walls, increased pulp calcification and collagen deposition. Semi‐quantitative analysis of IHC samples showed the T2D pulp had significantly increased expression of macrophage and dendritic cell markers CD68 (p < .001) and CD83 (p = .04), and there was significantly greater expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β (p = .01), IL6 (p < .0001), IL17 (p < .0001) and TNF‐α (p = .01). T2D samples showed a significant increase in markers of innate inflammation, TLR2 (p < .001) and TLR4 (p < .001) and decreased expression of regulatory T‐cell marker, FOXP3 (p = .01). Multiple regression showed that age‐corrected differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest that T2D may exert a similar response in the pulp to complications in other body sites. Hyperglycaemia is associated with changes in the morphology of the clinically normal dental pulp with altered immune cell and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alsamahi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - T M Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - H Hussaini
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - A M Rich
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - L T Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
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Christina N, Khathi A. COVID-19, Immunity and Pre-Diabetes: Are We Missing Another Target Area to Be Explored? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2022.154.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
In most areas of the world, camelids are considered exotic animals, living only in zoological gardens. Additionally, considering the original lands where they were previously bred with specific economic and social aims, today it is possible to detect a reduction in their total numbers. Typically bred as working animals for goods transportation in desert regions, and as a source of meat and milk, in recent years, camels have been dismissed due to the construction of new roads for motor vehicles, the migration of nomadic populations from deserts to urban zones, and the choice of some autochthonous bovine breeds as sources of meat and milk. The decline in camelids heads seems irreversible. Camels should be considered a valid source of food in marginal areas; the peculiar quality parameters of their milk, showing the proper characteristics for the use of this milk in human nutrition, can justify the choice for breeding them, rather than considering camels only as objects of amusement.
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Ikeda T, Nakamura K, Kida T, Oku H. Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:387-403. [PMID: 34379187 PMCID: PMC8786754 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been considered to involve autoimmunity. Serum and synovial fluid levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies increase early after the onset of RA, thus inducing immune responses and subsequent hydrarthrosis and angiogenesis, which resemble diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. We previously reported that DR is also associated with increased serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies. Retinal hypoxia in DR may induce pericytes to express type II collagen, resulting in autoantibody production against type II collagen. As the result of blood-retinal barrier disruption, anti-type II collagen antibodies in the serum come into contact with type II collagen around the retinal vessels. A continued loss of pericytes and type II collagen around the retinal vessels may result in a shift of the immune reaction site from the retina to the vitreous. It has been reported that anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages increased in the vitreous of PDR patients, accompanied by the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator of innate immunity. M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and fibrosis, which might be exacerbated and prolonged by dysregulated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehiko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, 1-6-10 Miyahara Yodogawa-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Oku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
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Negrini TDC, Carlos IZ, Duque C, Caiaffa KS, Arthur RA. Interplay Among the Oral Microbiome, Oral Cavity Conditions, the Host Immune Response, Diabetes Mellitus, and Its Associated-Risk Factors-An Overview. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:697428. [PMID: 35048037 PMCID: PMC8757730 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.697428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the literature aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, and host immune response in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review also aimed to investigate how DM related risk factors, such as advanced age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), act in promoting or modifying specific mechanisms that could potentially perpetuate both altered systemic and oral conditions. We found that poorly controlled glycemic index may exert a negative effect on the immune system of affected individuals, leading to a deficient immune response or to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response exacerbating DM-related complications. Hyperglycemia induces alterations in the oral microbiome since poor glycemic control is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with DM. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal diseases and DM has been suggested: DM patients may have an exaggerated inflammatory response, poor repair and bone resorption that aggravates periodontal disease whereas the increased levels of systemic pro-inflammatory mediators found in individuals affected with periodontal disease exacerbates insulin resistance. SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an aggravating factor for individuals with DM. Individuals with DM tend to have low salivary flow and a high prevalence of xerostomia, but the association between prevalence/experience of dental caries and DM is still unclear. DM has also been associated to the development of lesions in the oral mucosa, especially potentially malignant ones and those associated with fungal infections. Obesity plays an important role in the induction and progression of DM. Co-affected obese and DM individuals tend to present worse oral health conditions. A decrease in HDL and, an increase in triglycerides bloodstream levels seem to be associated with an increase on the load of periodontopathogens on oral cavity. Moreover, DM may increase the likelihood of halitosis. Prevalence of impaired taste perception and impaired smell recognition tend to be greater in DM patients. An important interplay among oral cavity microbiome, DM, obesity and hypertension has been proposed as the reduction of nitrate into nitrite, in addition to contribute to lowering of blood pressure, reduces oxidative stress and increases insulin secretion, being these effects desirable for the control of obesity and DM. Women with PCOS tend to present a distinct oral microbial composition and an elevated systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, but the association between oral microbiome, PCOS are DM is still unknown. The results of the studies presented in this review suggest the interplay among the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, host immune response and DM and some of the DM associated risk factors exist. DM individuals need to be encouraged and motivated for an adequate oral health care. In addition, these results show the importance of adopting multidisciplinary management of DM and of strengthening physicians-dentists relationship focusing on both systemic and on oral cavity conditions of DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Cássia Negrini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Chen M, Lin W, Ye R, Yi J, Zhao Z. PPARβ/δ Agonist Alleviates Diabetic Osteoporosis via Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753194. [PMID: 34901001 PMCID: PMC8661472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis is a common complication in diabetic patients, leading to increased fracture risk and impaired bone healing. As a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, PPARβ/δ agonist is suggested as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, and has been reported to positively regulate bone turnover by improving osteogenesis. However, its regulatory role in diabetic osteoporosis has not been reported yet. Here, we explored the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of PPARβ/δ agonist to the osteoporotic phenotypes of diabetic mice. Our results indicated that the osteoporotic phenotypes could be significantly ameliorated in diabetic mice by the administration of PPARβ/δ agonists. In vitro experiments suggested that PPARβ/δ agonist treatment could alleviate the abnormal increase of osteoclast activity in diabetic mice by rectifying high glucose-mediated macrophage dysfunction instead of directly inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, Angptl4 may act as a downstream target of PPARβ/δ to regulate macrophage polarization. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of PPARβ/δ agonist as a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and immune homeostasis disorder in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tomás-Cortázar J, Bossi L, Quinn C, Reynolds CJ, Butler DK, Corcoran N, Murchú MÓ, McMahon E, Singh M, Rongkard P, Anguita J, Blanco A, Dunachie SJ, Altmann D, Boyton RJ, Arnold J, Giltaire S, McClean S. BpOmpW Antigen Stimulates the Necessary Protective T-Cell Responses Against Melioidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767359. [PMID: 34966388 PMCID: PMC8710444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and is estimated to cause 89,000 deaths per year in endemic areas of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. People with diabetes mellitus are most at risk of melioidosis, with a 12-fold increased susceptibility for severe disease. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses from CD4 and CD8 T cells, but also from natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, are necessary to eliminate the pathogen. We previously reported that immunization with B. pseudomallei OmpW (BpOmpW antigen) protected mice from lethal B. pseudomallei challenge for up to 81 days. Elucidating the immune correlates of protection of the protective BpOmpW vaccine is an essential step prior to clinical trials. Thus, we immunized either non-insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice or an insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a single dose of BpOmpW. BpOmpW induced strong antibody responses, stimulated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and produced higher IFN-γ responses in CD4+, CD8+, NK, and NKT cells in non-insulin-resistant mice. The T-cell responses of insulin-resistant mice to BpOmpW were comparable to those of non-insulin-resistant mice. In addition, as a precursor to its evaluation in human studies, humanized HLA-DR and HLA-DQ (human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ isotypes, respectively) transgenic mice elicited IFN-γ recall responses in an enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot)-based study. Moreover, human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to BpOmpW for 7 days showed T-cell proliferation. Finally, plasma from melioidosis survivors with diabetes recognized our BpOmpW vaccine antigen. Overall, the range of approaches used strongly indicated that BpOmpW elicits the necessary immune responses to combat melioidosis and bring this vaccine closer to clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/metabolism
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Male
- Melioidosis/immunology
- Melioidosis/microbiology
- Melioidosis/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/microbiology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Bossi
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Conor Quinn
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine J. Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh Corcoran
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maitiú Ó Murchú
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eve McMahon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Patpong Rongkard
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Arnold
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Indoxyl Sulfate Elevated Lnc-SLC15A1-1 Upregulating CXCL10/CXCL8 Expression in High-Glucose Endothelial Cells by Sponging MicroRNAs. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120873. [PMID: 34941711 PMCID: PMC8709190 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). Immunomodulatory dysfunction is a primary feature of DM, and the emergence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in DM abruptly increases CVD mortality compared with DM alone. Endothelial injury and the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood of DM/CKD patients are known mechanisms for the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the molecular factors that cause this disproportional increase in CVD in the DM/CKD population are still unknown. Since long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating multiple cellular functions, we used human endothelial cells treated with high glucose to mimic DM and with the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) to mimic the endothelial injury associated with CKD. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in these conditions were analyzed by RNA sequencing. We discovered that lnc-SLC15A1-1 expression was significantly increased upon IS treatment in comparison with high glucose alone, and then cascaded the signal of chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL8 via sponging miR-27b, miR-297, and miR-150b. This novel pathway might be responsible for the endothelial inflammation implicated in augmenting CVD in DM/CKD and could be a therapeutic target with future clinical applications.
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Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Azemi AK, Jatau AI, Shehu A, Mustapha L, Aliyu IM, Danraka RN, Amin A, Bala AA, Ahmad WANW, Rasool AHG, Mustafa MR, Mokhtar SS. Current Status of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type II Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:4362. [PMID: 34299638 PMCID: PMC8307902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a multifunctional role in lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, protein folding, and processing. Thus, maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cellular functions. Several pathophysiological conditions and pharmacological agents are known to disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, causing ER stress. The cells react to ER stress by initiating an adaptive signaling process called the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the ER initiates death signaling pathways when ER stress persists. ER stress is linked to several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, its regulation can provide possible therapeutic targets for these. Current evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia linked to type II diabetes disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, resulting in irreversible UPR activation and cell death. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the UPR and ER stress, to date, the mechanisms of ER stress in relation to type II diabetes remain unclear. This review provides up-to-date information regarding the UPR, ER stress mechanisms, insulin dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the therapeutic potential of targeting specific ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagir Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Muazzamu Aliyu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Rabi'u Nuhu Danraka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240103, Kwara, Nigeria
- Membrane Traffic Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2784-156 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Auwal Adam Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720281, Jigawa, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohamed A, Alawna M. Enhancing oxygenation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Effects on immunity and other health-related conditions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4939-4958. [PMID: 34307545 PMCID: PMC8283603 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) distresses the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, which might lead to death. There is no cure for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 is a self-limited infection, and the methods that can enhance immunity are strongly required. Enhancing oxygenation is one safe and effective intervention to enhance immunity and pulmonary functions. This review deliberates the probable influences of enhancing oxygenation on immunity and other health-connected conditions in patients with COVID-19. An extensive search was conducted through Web of Science, Scopus, Medline databases, and EBSCO for the influence of enhancing oxygenation on immunity, pulmonary functions, psycho-immune hormones, and COVID-19 risk factors. This search included clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews. This search revealed that enhancing oxygenation has a strong effect on improving immunity and pulmonary functions and psycho-immune hormones. Also, enhancing oxygenation has a self-protective role counter to COVID-19 risk factors. Lastly, this search revealed the recommended safe and effective exercise protocol to enhance oxygenation in patients with COVID-19. Enhancing oxygenation should be involved in managing patients with COVID-19 because of its significant effects on immunity, pulmonary functions, and COVID-19 risk factors. A mild to moderate cycling or walking with 60%-80% Vo2max for 20-60 min performed 2-3 times per week could be a safe and effective aerobic exercise program in patients with COVID-19 to enhance their immunity and pulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Basic Science and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Motaz Alawna
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin 24013, Palestine
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Khodakhah F, Tahamtan A, Marzban M, Shadab A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Hashemi SM, Mokhatri-Azad T, Nakstad B, Salimi V. Hyperglycemia results in decreased immune cell infiltration and increased viral load in the lung in a mouse model of RSV infection. Cytokine 2021; 143:155539. [PMID: 33893002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a feared disease in vulnerable populations with impaired immune responses. There is currently no vaccine against RSV and young children along with elderly people are at increased risk of severe or sometimes life-threatening RSV infection. Hyperglycemia with immunomodulatory patterns can impact on infectious disease outcomes and immune system responses in diabetic patients. Even though research continues to uncover the complex mechanisms underlying RSV immunopathogenesis and diabetes mellitus disease separately, limited information is available about interaction between these two phenomena. Here, we evaluated the influence of hyperglycemia as the hallmark of diabetes mellitus disease on the pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of RSV in a mouse model. In this experiment, hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), and after diabetes confirmation, mice were infected with RSV-A2, and the immune responses were followed for 5 days until the mice were sacrificed. Analyses on airway immune cell influx, T-Lymphocyte subtypes, cytokines secretion, lung histopathology, and viral load were conducted. Our results showed that hyperglycemia resulted in reduced lung immune cells infiltration totally and it was associated with decreased pathological damage of the lung. Following RSV infection in hyperglycemic mice, the ratio of CD4/CD8 T-Lymphocytes due to CD8+ depletion, increased. Furthermore, the level of IFN-γ and IL-17A cytokines decreased, whereas IL-10 showed an upward trend and the viral load increased in hyperglycemic mice compared with normoglycemic mice. In conclusion, these findings indicate that hyperglycemia can ameliorate and downregulate RSV-induced inflammatory and antiviral responses, and result in increment of viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Khodakhah
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mona Marzban
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shadab
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhatri-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Riba M, Augé E, Tena I, Del Valle J, Molina-Porcel L, Ximelis T, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Corpora Amylacea in the Human Brain Exhibit Neoepitopes of a Carbohydrate Nature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618193. [PMID: 34262556 PMCID: PMC8273382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) in the human brain are polyglucosan bodies that accumulate residual substances originated from aging and both neurodegenerative and infectious processes. These structures, which act as waste containers, are released from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid, reach the cervical lymph nodes via the meningeal lymphatic system and may be phagocytosed by macrophages. Recent studies indicate that CA present certain neoepitopes (NEs) that can be recognized by natural antibodies of the IgM class, and although evidence of different kinds suggests that these NEs may be formed by carbohydrate structures, their precise nature is unknown. Here, we adapted standard techniques to examine this question. We observed that the preadsorption of IgMs with specific carbohydrates has inhibitory effects on the interaction between IgMs and CA, and found that the digestion of CA proteins had no effect on this interaction. These findings point to the carbohydrate nature of the NEs located in CA. Moreover, the present study indicates that, in vitro, the binding between certain natural IgMs and certain epitopes may be disrupted by certain monosaccharides. We wonder, therefore, whether these inhibitions may also occur in vivo. Further studies should now be carried out to assess the possible in vivo effect of glycemia on the reactivity of natural IgMs and, by extension, on natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iraida Tena
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Mzimela NC, Sosibo AM, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. The changes that occur in the immune system during immune activation in pre-diabetic patients of all ethnicities, from the age of 25 to 45 years: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e31619. [DOI: 10.2196/31619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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A multiomics approach to identify host-microbe alterations associated with infection severity in diabetic foot infections: a pilot study. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:29. [PMID: 33753735 PMCID: PMC7985513 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a major cause of hospitalization and can lead to lower extremity amputation. In this pilot study, we used a multiomics approach to explore the host–microbe complex within DFIs. We observed minimal differences in the overall microbial composition between PEDIS infection severities, however Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus genera were abundant and highly active in most mild to moderate DFIs. Further, we identified the significant enrichment of several virulence factors associated with infection pathogenicity belonging to both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. In severe DFIs, patients demonstrated a greater microbial diversity and differential gene expression demonstrated the enrichment of multispecies virulence genes suggestive of a complex polymicrobial infection. The host response in patients with severe DFIs was also significantly different as compared to mild to moderate DFIs. This was attributed to the enrichment of host genes associated with inflammation, acute phase response, cell stress and broad immune-related responses, while those associated with wound healing and myogenesis were significantly depleted.
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Mouritzen MV, Petkovic M, Qvist K, Poulsen SS, Alarico S, Leal EC, Dalgaard LT, Empadinhas N, Carvalho E, Jenssen H. Improved diabetic wound healing by LFcinB is associated with relevant changes in the skin immune response and microbiota. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:726-739. [PMID: 33738327 PMCID: PMC7940703 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties; however, the effects on diabetic wound healing remain poorly understood. The wound healing potential of LFcinB was investigated with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Cell migration and proliferation were tested on keratinocytes and on porcine ears. A type 1 diabetic mouse model was also used to evaluate wound healing kinetics, bacterial diversity patterns, and the effect of LFcinB on oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. LFcinB increased keratinocyte migration in vitro (p < 0.05) and ex vivo (p < 0.001) and improved wound healing in diabetic mice (p < 0.05), though not in normoglycemic control mice. In diabetic mouse wounds, LFcinB treatment led to the eradication of Bacillus pumilus, a decrease in Staphylococcus aureus, and an increase in the Staphylococcus xylosus prevalence. LFcinB increased angiogenesis in diabetic mice (p < 0.01), but this was decreased in control mice (p < 0.05). LFcinB improved collagen deposition in both diabetic and control mice (p < 0.05). Both oxidative stress and the M1-to-M2 macrophage ratios were decreased in LFcinB-treated wounds of diabetic animals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared with saline, suggesting a downregulation of inflammation in diabetic wounds. In conclusion, LFcinB treatment demonstrated noticeable positive effects on diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Petkovic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katrine Qvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Steen S. Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Alarico
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C. Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Bahadar GA, Shah ZA. Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Diabetes Mellitus: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Pathophysiology, and Cognitive Impairments. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:312-326. [PMID: 33622232 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210223145112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a surge in diabetes incidence with an estimated 463 million individuals been diagnosed worldwide. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major stroke-related comorbid condition that increases the susceptibility of disabling post-stroke outcomes. Although less common, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dramatic subtype of stroke that is associated with higher mortality, particularly in DM population. Previous studies have focused mainly on the impact of DM on ischemic stroke. Few studies have focused on impact of DM on ICH and discussed the blood-brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and hematoma formation. However, more recently, investigating the role of oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in preclinical studies involving DM-ICH animal models has gained attention. But, little is known about the correlation between neuroinflammatory processes, glial cells activation, and peripheral immune cell invasion with DM-ICH injury. DM and ICH patients experience impaired abilities in multiple cognitive domains by relatively comparable mechanisms, which could get exacerbated in the setting of comorbidities. In this review, we discuss both the pathology of DM as a comorbid condition for ICH and the potential molecular therapeutic targets for the clinical management of the ICH and its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith A Bahadar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614. United States
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614. United States
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45
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Jeon HH, Yu Q, Witek L, Lu Y, Zhang T, Stepanchenko O, Son VJ, Spencer E, Oshilaja T, Shin MK, Alawi F, Coelho PG, Graves DT. Clinical application of a FOXO1 inhibitor improves connective tissue healing in a diabetic minipig model. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:781-791. [PMID: 33594326 PMCID: PMC7868841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor plays a key role in wound healing process. Recently it has been reported that lineage-specific genetic ablation of FOXO1 significantly improves diabetic wound healing in a mouse model. To investigate the clinical usefulness of these findings, translational preclinical studies with a large animal model are needed. We report for the first time that the local application of a FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856) significantly improves connective tissue healing in a preclinical T2DM minipig model, reflected by increased collagen matrix formation, increased myofibroblast numbers, improved angiogenesis, and a shift in cell populations from pro-inflammatory (IL-1β+, TNF-α+ and iNOS+) to pro-healing (CD163+). Our results set up the basis for the clinical application of a FOXO1 antagonist in early diabetic wounds where there is impaired connective tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran H Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quan Yu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics, College of Dentistry, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Yongjian Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tianshou Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Olga Stepanchenko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria J Son
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evelyn Spencer
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Temitope Oshilaja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min K Shin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics, College of Dentistry, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Paul O, Arora P, Mayer M, Chatterjee S. Inflammation in Periodontal Disease: Possible Link to Vascular Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609614. [PMID: 33519515 PMCID: PMC7841426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-organized protective response to pathogens and consists of immune cell recruitment into areas of infection. Inflammation either clears pathogens and gets resolved leading to tissue healing or remains predominantly unresolved triggering pathological processes in organs. Periodontal disease (PD) that is initiated by specific bacteria also triggers production of inflammatory mediators. These processes lead to loss of tissue structure and function. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress play a role in susceptibility to periodontal pathogenic bacterial infections. Periodontal inflammation is a risk factor for systemic inflammation and eventually cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review discusses the role of inflammation in PD and its two way association with other health conditions such as diabetes and CVD. Some of the mechanisms underpinning the links between inflammation, diabetes, CVD and PD are also discussed. Finally, we review available epidemiological data and other reports to assess possible links between oral health and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Paul
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Payal Arora
- Early-Research Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Mayer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Effects of soy intake on circulating levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:581-601. [PMID: 33399974 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-inflammatory mediators, including serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to November 2019 for RCTs around the effects of soy-based products on TNF-α and IL-6. A random effects model was used to calculate overall effect size. RESULTS In total, 29 eligible publications were considered in the present systematic review, of which 25 were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels failed to reach statistical significance (MD = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.22-0.09; I2 50.9; MD = 0.03; 95% CI - 0.07-0.14; I2 42.1, respectively). According to a subgroup analysis, natural soy products led to a reduction in TNF-α concentration compared with processed soy products (MD = - 0.32; 95% CI - 0.45 to - 0.19; I2 0.0). Moreover, IL-6 reduction was stronger in participants who were affected by different diseases (MD = - 0.04; 95% CI - 0.07 to - 0.02; I2 0.0). CONCLUSIONS A review of RCTs published to November 2019 found that natural soy products are effective in lowering TNF-α levels. While the beneficial effects on reduction of IL-6 appeared stronger in individuals affected by different diseases, this finding cannot be generalized to all individuals affected by different diseases.
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48
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Vujosevic S, Toma C, Nucci P, Brambilla M, De Cillà S. Quantitative Color Fundus Autofluorescence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E48. [PMID: 33375699 PMCID: PMC7796312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new short wavelength confocal blue-light 450 nm-fundus autofluorescence (color-FAF) allows for visualization of minor fluorophores (e.g., advanced glycation end products, AGEs), besides lipofuscin. The aim of the present pilot study was to quantitatively evaluate color-FAF in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to correlate these data with different stages of retinal disease severity. Optical coherence tomography and color-FAF images of 193 patients/eyes and 18 controls were analyzed using a custom software for quantification of the long (red) and short (green) wavelength components of the emission spectrum (REFC/GEFC). Measurements were performed in nine quadrants of the 6-mm ETDRS macular grid. Foveal GEFC and REFC intensities were higher in patients with DM compared to controls (p = 0.015 and p = 0.006 respectively) and in eyes with center involving diabetic macular edema (DME) compared to eyes without DME (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between GEFC and REFC intensities and central retinal thickness, r = 0.37 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.42 (p < 0.001), respectively. No differences were found in color-FAF among different DR severity groups. Quantitative color-FAF could become helpful for the metabolic evaluation of retina in patients with DM and in DME; however, further histologic and immunohistochemical studies on distribution of different retinal fluorophores in DM are needed to better understand its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Vujosevic
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20123 Milan, Italy
- University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Eye Clinic, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.)
| | - Caterina Toma
- University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Eye Clinic, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.)
| | - Paolo Nucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Cillà
- University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Eye Clinic, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Kartika R, Wibowo H, Purnamasari D, Pradipta S, Larasati RA. Altered Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Production and Its Association to Inflammatory Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Culture of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920978236. [PMID: 33343199 PMCID: PMC7731706 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920978236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) production in the cell culture supernatant of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and investigate IDO’s association to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Subjects and methods: PBMC samples were collected from 21 T2DM patients and 17 normoglycemic participants, then stimulated with PHA for 3 days. Cytokine and IDO concentrations were measured in the PBMC culture supernatants. In vitro production of TNF-α, IL-6, interferon-γ, and IL-10 were measured using multiplex immunoassay. IDO concentration was assessed using ELISA. To assess how PHA stimulation altered IDO production and to minimize the unstimulated baseline effect of T2DM, we subtracted the PHA-stimulated IDO concentration from the unstimulated one. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The IDO concentrations in the PBMC culture supernatants were significantly higher in T2DM patients regardless of whether they were unstimulated (P < .001) or PHA-stimulated (P = .012). Reduced IDO production was observed in 52.8% of T2DM patients and was associated with older age and lower interferon-γ levels. Conversely, 42.8% of T2DM patients showed increased IDO concentrations, which were correlated with the IL-6/IL-10 ratio (r = 0.683, P = .021) and interferon-γ/IL-10 ratio (r = 0.517, P = .077). Conclusion: The interferon-γ level was reduced in the PBMC culture supernatant of T2DM patients with reduced IDO production. Reduced IDO production in T2DM patients following PHA stimulation was associated with older age and, notably, higher baseline IDO concentrations. Since IDO is primarily produced by dendritic cells, reduced IDO production after PHA stimulation may indicate dendritic cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Kartika
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Purnamasari
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Public Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saraswati Pradipta
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Rahma A Larasati
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia.,Department of Biomedicines, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Arjunan P. Eye on the Enigmatic Link: Dysbiotic Oral Pathogens in Ocular Diseases; The Flip Side. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:409-432. [PMID: 33179994 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mouth and associated structures were regarded as separate entities from the rest of the body. However, there is a paradigm shift in this conception and oral health is now considered as a fundamental part of overall well-being. In recent years, the subject of oral-foci of infection has attained a resurgence in terms of systemic morbidities while limited observations denote the implication of chronic oral inflammation in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. Hitherto, there is a paucity for mechanistic insights underlying the reported link between periodontal disease (PD) and ocular comorbidities. In light of prevailing scientific evidence, this review article will focus on the understudied theme, that is, the impact of oral dysbiosis in the induction and/or progression of inflammatory eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy, scleritis, uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Furthermore, the plausible mechanisms by which periodontal microbiota may trigger immune dysfunction in the Oro-optic-network and promote the development of PD-associated AMD have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachiappan Arjunan
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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