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Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu J, Jin L, Li Z, Ren A, Wang L. Chromium levels in placental tissue and neural tube defects: Association and mechanistic study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124126. [PMID: 38735460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to chromium (Cr) is common but little is known about its adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between Cr exposure and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the underlying mechanisms of Cr-induced NTDs. 593 controls and 408 NTD cases with placentas were included in this study. Chromium trichloride (Cr(III)) and potassium dichromate (Cr(VI)) were intragastrically administered to pregnant mice and the number of NTDs was recorded. The odds ratio for total NTDs in the highest exposure group in placenta was 4.18 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.97-8.84). The incidence of fetal NTDs in mice administered with Cr(III) showed a dose-response relationship. Cr(VI) didn't show teratogenicity of NTDs whereas increased the stillbirth rate. Prenatal exposure to Cr(III) increased levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal mice. RNA-sequencing results indicated significant enrichment of the MAPK pathway. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that Cr(III) induced increased expression of p-JNK, p-P38, and Casp3. Toxicological effects can be partly antagonized by antioxidant supplementation. High chromium exposure was associated with increased human NTD risks. Excessive Cr(III) exposure can induce NTDs in fetal mice by increasing apoptosis through upgrading oxidative stress and then activating JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Guo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.
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Chung SWC. Update on chromium speciation analysis in foods: a review of advances in analytical methods and dietary exposure assessment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:782-789. [PMID: 38728540 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2352858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Chromium occurs naturally in different oxidation states. Amongst them, hexavalent chromium is classified as both genotoxic and carcinogenic while trivalent chromium can be considered as an essential element. Therefore, speciation analysis is essential when conducting dietary exposure assessment. Several critical reviews have been published on chromium speciation analysis in foodstuffs in the last decade. However, a method that can account for species interconversion during the extraction procedure has not been reported in the reviews. In recent years, an online method using species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in foodstuffs. Apart from that, new methods based on offline analytical techniques, to analyse trivalent and hexavalent chromium separately, are still under development. Therefore, one of the objectives of this paper is to review these recently published analytical methods and assess whether they are fit for chromium speciation analysis in foodstuffs. Additionally, an objective is also to assess whether their limits of detection are sufficiently low for dietary exposure assessment with respect to the neoplastic effects of hexavalent chromium. Moreover, possible future research gaps are identified based on the current knowledge and existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Independent Researcher, Hong Kong, China
- Formerly with the Food Research Laboratory, Centre for Food Safety, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Meloni D, Mudadu AG, Abete MC, Bazzoni AM, Griglione A, Avolio R, Serra S, Fois N, Esposito G, Melillo R, Squadrone S. Seasonal variability of trace elements bioaccumulation in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from an experimental pilot farm in the Calich Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127487. [PMID: 38908290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals pollution is a worldwide environmental issue due to their persistence in the ecosystems, non-degradability, and bioaccumulation in marine biota. Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are highly nutritious bivalve representing an important dietary constituent but may accumulate metals through feeding on suspended sediments from surrounding water, then represent a suitable tool for biomonitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS The occurrence of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, V, Zn) was investigated in Pacific Oysters (Cassostrea gigas) collected from Calich Lagoon in each season of 2019. Samples were homogenized and subjected to microwave acid digestion before being analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). RESULTS The results showed a significant seasonal variation for temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, and pH. Moreover, high significant seasonal variation in concentrations of Cd, Mn, Ni, and V was recorded. The highest values were found for Fe (128 mg kg⁻1 w.w.), and Al (112 mg kg⁻1 w.w.) in October, for Zn (113 mg kg⁻1 w.w.) in March and May. CONCLUSIONS Pacific Oysters were confirmed as suitable bioindicators of the health status of coastal lagoons; trace elements concentrations were highly affected by season of collection, and according to literature the highest values were recorded in autumn and summer. The EU legal limits for Cd and Pb were not exceeded, then the farmed oysters were safe to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Meloni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Graziano Mudadu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bazzoni
- ARPAS-Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Sardegna, Via Rockefeller 58/60, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Griglione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Rosa Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Simonetto Serra
- AGRIS SARDEGNA - Agenzia per la ricerca in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca di Bonassai, località Bonassai SS 291 km 18,6, Olmedo, SS 07040, Italy
| | - Nicola Fois
- AGRIS SARDEGNA - Agenzia per la ricerca in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca di Bonassai, località Bonassai SS 291 km 18,6, Olmedo, SS 07040, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Rita Melillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Torino 10154, Italy.
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Kasiotis KM, Zafeiraki E, Manea-Karga E, Kouretas D, Tekos F, Skaperda Z, Doumpas N, Machera K. Bioaccumulation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Fish from Thermaikos Gulf: Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment Assisted by a Computational Approach. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:701-716. [PMID: 38921650 PMCID: PMC11204809 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of contaminants in fish species is pivotal for fishes' health and reproduction, as well as for human health. In the specific work, three major categories of contaminants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and macro and trace elements, were investigated in two major fish species, Dicentrarchus labrax and Solea solea, collected from Thermaikos Gulf, in Greece. To achieve this goal, three analytical methods using LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, and ICP-MS were developed, validated, and applied to the collected fish samples. The results indicated a very low prevalence of caffeine and acetaminophen, both not exceeding 3.8 μg/kg fish. Similarly, thiabendazole, cypermethrin, and tricyclazole (pesticides) were found in a concentration range of 0.9 to 13.7 μg/kg fish, while in one D. labrax sample, traces of the metabolite of organochlorine pesticide DDT, o,p'-DDE were detected. Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Sr were the predominant trace elements in a concentration range of 500-20,000 μg/kg fish. Macro elements levels varied from 280 to 5405 mg/kg fish. Health risk assessment did not unveil an unacceptable risk for the human health of adults, apart from one sample presenting Hg above the regulatory levels. On the contrary, for children, the calculated hazard quotient values for Hg in all cases and for two As detections were higher than the threshold value of 1, indicating a potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Effrosyni Zafeiraki
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Electra Manea-Karga
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fotis Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, 54645 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
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Lockwood TE, Banati RB, Nikagolla C, Violi JP, Bishop DP. Concentration and Distribution of Toxic and Essential Elements in Traditional Rice Varieties of Sri Lanka Grown on an Anuradhapura District Farm. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2891-2899. [PMID: 37725314 PMCID: PMC11052878 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals have been the focus of many investigations into chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) within Sri Lanka. It has been hypothesised that exposure to nephrotoxic arsenic, cadmium and lead could play a role in the development of CKDu, and these metals have previously been found in unsafe concentrations in Sri Lankan rice. Traditional varieties of Sri Lankan rice remain popular due to their perceived health benefits, but their uptake of trace and toxic heavy metals remained unexplored. Here, we report a one-time, cross-sectional dataset on the concentrations of essential and toxic elements present in eleven samples of polished and unpolished traditional rice varieties, all regularly grown and sold in the Anuradhapura district, a CKDu hotspot. All rice was sourced from the same farm, with the exception of one store bought sample grown on another, unidentified farm. Cadmium concentrations varied significantly between varieties, and potentially unsafe concentrations of cadmium were detected in the store-bought sample (Suwadel, 113±13 μg kg-1). Elemental imaging of the grains revealed lead to be stored mainly in the rice bran, which is removed during polishing, while cadmium was distributed in the edible portion of the grain. Essential elements were generally higher in the traditional rice varieties than those reported for non-traditional varieties and are a potential source of trace elements for nutrient-deficient communities. The concentration of selenium, an element that plays a protective role in the kidneys, was too low to provide the minimum recommended intake. The methods developed in this study could be applied to a more comprehensive study of elemental uptake of rice under controlled growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Lockwood
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chandima Nikagolla
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
| | - Jake P Violi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David P Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Ignacio S, Schlotthauer J, Sigrist M, Volpedo AV, Thompson GA. Potentially toxic trace elements in the muscle of coastal South American fish: Implications for human consumption and health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116384. [PMID: 38643585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Micropogonias furnieri and Urophycis brasiliensis are two coastal demersal fish species distributed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Considering that many coastal areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean suffer from anthropogenic pressure, the aim of this study was to assess the level of potentially toxic trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn) in the muscle of coastal species, and evaluated the human health risk related to the consumption of muscle. Mercury, inorganic As (Asi), V, and Se showed a higher contribution to the total THQ. Considering two possible scenarios, Asi represents 1 % or 5 % of the total As, the total THQ was <1 for general population and of some health concerns for fishermen population (Total THQ > 1; 5 % Asi). Consequently these results show the importance of quantifying As species in muscle to generate more reliable risk estimates for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ignacio
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonatan Schlotthauer
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos -PRINARC- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sigrist
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos -PRINARC- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejandra V Volpedo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Thompson
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Köse BG, Pekmezci H, Basaran B. Bread Consumption-Induced Heavy Metal Exposures and Health Risk Assessment of Pregnant Women: Turkey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:473-480. [PMID: 37231318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Affordable, nutritious, and easily available bread has a significant place in the nutrition of pregnant women. This study aims to determine bread consumption-induced heavy metal exposure in pregnant women with different sociodemographic characteristics living in Turkey and to evaluate it for non-carcinogenic health risks. Bread consumption data of pregnant women covered a retrospective 24-h period. Heavy metal exposure was calculated according to the deterministic model. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was evaluated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Bread consumption-induced Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Cr, Co, Cd, and Hg exposures of all pregnant women (n = 446) were 44.0, 25.0, 6.62, 0.69, 0.15, 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.03, and < 0.00 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Bread consumption-induced Mn exposure was higher than the tolerable daily intake level. The HI (1.37 [Formula: see text] 1.71) related to bread consumption is greater than 1 in all pregnant women in different age groups and trimesters and bread consumption may cause some health concerns in terms of non-carcinogenic health risks for pregnant women. The bread consumption can be limited, but bread consumption should not be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Genç Köse
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Pekmezci
- Department of Health Care Services, Health Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
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Nobile M, Mosconi G, Arioli F, Chiesa L, Peloso M, Accurso D, Butovskaya E, Fedrizzi G, Curci D, Panseri S. Evaluation of the Risk from Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Italy's Most Consumed Processed Fish Products. Foods 2024; 13:456. [PMID: 38338592 PMCID: PMC10855315 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In a balanced diet, regular fish consumption provides positive outcomes for human health. On the other hand, the seafood supply chain faces a significant food safety risk due to the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the present study, to assess the risk for Italian consumers, the concentrations of five PTEs, namely lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and aluminum, were determined in the three most consumed preserved fish in Italy: tuna (Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Samples were collected from the national market, and the instrumental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analyzed PTEs were found in all the species that were investigated. However, after considering the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI), it was observed that the three fish preserves did not pose any risk of chronic toxicity for the average consumer, even at the highest concentrations detected. However, for significant consumers, mercury detected in tuna samples represented almost 90% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) reported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing a matter of concern for consumers, particularly regarding developmental neurotoxicity, whose HI exceeded 111%. The acute toxicity of nickel was also considered for significant consumers at the highest concentration detected, and the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated was above 7000, much higher than the value of 30 indicated by EFSA. Due to the lack of data on non-professional carcinogenicity or human intake through foods with low cancer risk, this toxicity was not considered in the analysis of PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Damiano Accurso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Elena Butovskaya
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimica Alimenti e mangimi, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Dalia Curci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
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Bethencourt-Barbuzano E, González-Weller D, Paz-Montelongo S, Gutiérrez-Fernández ÁJ, Hardisson A, Carrascosa C, Cámara M, Rubio-Armendáriz C. Whey Protein Dietary Supplements: Metal Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization. Nutrients 2023; 15:3543. [PMID: 37630733 PMCID: PMC10458782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein supplements (PS) are trendy foods, especially those made from whey. In addition to providing protein, these products are a source of metals, providing essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) and other potentially toxic elements (Al, B, Sr, V Ba, and Ni). In this study, 47 whey PS samples were analyzed for mineral elements by ICP-OES, and their dietary exposures were assessed for three consumption scenarios. Elements found in higher concentrations were K (4689.10 mg/kg) and Ca (3811.27 mg/kg). The intake of 30 g PS (average recommended amount/day) provides about 20% of the established reference value (NRI) for Cr (18.30% for men and 25.63% for women) and Mo (26.99%). In a high daily consumption scenario (100 g PS/day) and when the maximum concentrations are considered, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mo, and Mg dietary intakes of these metals exceed the daily recommended intakes and could pose a risk. The daily intake of 30, 60, and 100 g of whey PS for 25 years does not pose a health risk since the hazard index (HI) is less than one in these consumption scenarios, and the essential elements contributing most to HI are Co, followed by Mo and Cr. It is recommended to improve the information to the consumers of these new products. Furthermore, to help in the management and prevention of these potential health risks, it would be advisable to improve the regulation of these dietary supplements and their labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bethencourt-Barbuzano
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Health Inspection and Laboratory Service, Canary Health Service, 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Ángel J. Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Montaña Cámara
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz
- Interuniversity Group of Environmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (S.P.-M.); (Á.J.G.-F.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
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10
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Noyens I, Schoeters F, Van Peer M, Berrens S, Goossens S, Van Miert S. The nutritional profile, mineral content and heavy metal uptake of yellow mealworm reared with supplementation of agricultural sidestreams. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11604. [PMID: 37463987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect farming, a potential approach to deal with the increasing global protein demand, is a new activity in the Western world with many unanswered questions regarding product quality and safety. Insects may fulfill an important role in a circular economy by upcycling biowaste into valuable biomass. About half of the total mass of mealworm feeding substrates exists out of wet feed. This can be sourced from biowaste, increasing the sustainability of insect farming. This paper reports on the nutritional profile of yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, reared with supplementation of organic sidestreams. These included unsold vegetables, potato cuttings, fermented chicory roots and horticultural foliage. The evaluation was performed by analyzing proximate compositions, fatty acid profiles, mineral and heavy metal contents. Mealworms fed with potato cuttings doubled their fat content and increased saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Providing fermented chicory roots increased the mineral content and accumulated heavy metals. Additionally, the uptake of minerals by mealworms was selective as only calcium, iron and manganese concentrations increased. Adding vegetable mix or horticultural foliage to the diet did not significantly change the nutritional profile. In conclusion, sidestreams were successfully recycled into protein-rich biomass and their nutrient content and bio-availability influenced the composition of mealworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Noyens
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium.
| | - Floris Schoeters
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Meggie Van Peer
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Siebe Berrens
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Sarah Goossens
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Miert
- RADIUS, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
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11
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Jurowski K, Krośniak M. The Toxicological Risk Assessment (TRA) of Total Chromium Impurities in Menthae piperitae tinctura (Mentha x piperita L., folium) Available in Polish Pharmacies Including Regulatory Approaches with Special Emphasis of Cr Speciation and Genotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:3060-3068. [PMID: 35902513 PMCID: PMC10073164 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is pharmacologically active and is not an essential element but is still very intriguing and demanding from the point of view of toxicological risk assessment. Especially as an elemental impurity in final pharmaceuticals. The aim of this article is toxicological risk assessment (TRA) of total Cr impurities in Menthae piperitae tinctura (Mentha x piperita L., folium) available in Polish pharmacies including triple approach. Obtained raw/basal results shows that impurities of total Cr impurities were present in all investigated pharmaceutical with Mentha x piperita L., folium. but at a relatively low level (in the range: 0.39-2.14 µg/L). The regulatory strategy based on the ICH Q3D (R1) elemental impurities guidelines confirms that all the requirements of the analyzed products meet the European Medicine Agency (EMA) requirements. Obtained results obtained show that the estimated maximum daily exposure to Cr (ng/day) are variable between the samples (0.521-3.792 ng/day), but at a relatively low level (< 4.0 ng/day).The final step confirms the safety of analyzed pharmaceuticals, because the comparison of the estimated results with the oral PDE value for Cr in final drugs suggested by the ICH Q3D guideline (10,700 µg/day) show that all the products are below this value. The approach based on the margin of exposure (MoE) for children and adults also confirms the safety of all the products with Mentha x piperita L., (in all cases MoE > > 10 000). It can be concluded that all the samples analyzed should not represent any health hazard to patients due to Cr impurities. To our knowledge, this is the first study about application of comprehensive TRA of total Cr impurities in phytopharmaceuticals with Mentha x piperita L., folium available in European pharmacies. Additionally, we confirm the safety of Cr impurities by applying triple regulatory strategy without the application of an expansive and demanding HPLC-ICP-MS technique for Cr speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Sumczynski D, Fišera M, Salek RN, Orsavová J. The Effect of Flake Production and In Vitro Digestion on Releasing Minerals and Trace Elements from Wheat Flakes: The Extended Study of Dietary Intakes for Individual Life Stage Groups. Nutrients 2023; 15:2509. [PMID: 37299472 PMCID: PMC10255177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This thorough study analyses the amounts of 43 minerals and trace elements in non-traditional wheat grains, flakes, and undigested flake portions using ICP-MS and establishes declines in their respective contents after the flake production. It also identifies appropriate dietary intakes, in vitro digestibility values, retention factors, and metal pollution indexes. The element contents in wheat flakes are lower than in wheat grains after the hydrothermal treatment process, and their declines are: Na (48-72%), Ce (47-72%), Sr (43-55%), Tl (33-43%), Ti (32-41%), U (31-44%), Ho (29-69%), Cr (26-64%), Zr (26-58%), Ag (25-52%), and Ca (25-46%). The flakes significantly contributed to the recommended dietary intake or adequate intake of particular elements for men of all categories as follows: Mn (143%) > Mo > Cu > Mg ≥ Cr > Fe (16%); for women: Mn (up to 183%) > Mo > Cu > Cr ≥ Mg > Fe (7-16%); for pregnant women aged 19-30: Mn (165%) > Mo > Cu > Mg > Cr (25%); and finally, for lactating women: Mn (127%) > Mo > Cu > Mg > Cr (17%). The contributions to the provisional tolerable weekly or monthly intakes of all toxic elements were established as being within the official limits. The daily intakes for non-essential elements were also calculated. The retention factors were calculated to assess the element concentrations in the undigested part using the digestibility values (87.4-90.5%). The highest retention factors were obtained for V (63-92%), Y (57-96%), Ce (43-76%), Pb (34-58%), Tl (32-70%), Ta (31-66%), and Ge (30-49%). K, Mg, P, Zn, Ba, Bi, Ga, Sb, Cu, Ni, and As appear to be released easily from flake matrices during digestion. The metal pollution index has been confirmed as being lower for non-traditional wheat flakes when compared with grains. Importantly, 15-25% of the metal pollution index assessed for native flakes remains in the undigested flake portion after in vitro digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fišera
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Richardos Nikolaos Salek
- Department of Food Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Orsavová
- Language Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Štefánikova 5670, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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13
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Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques in the Determination of Trace Elements in Food: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040895. [PMID: 36832970 PMCID: PMC9956155 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Every human being needs around 20 essential elements to maintain proper physiological processes. However, trace elements are classified as beneficial, essential, or toxic for living organisms. Some trace elements are considered essential elements for the human body in adequate quantities (dietary reference intakes, DRIs), while others have undetermined biological functions and are considered undesirable substances or contaminants. Pollution with trace elements is becoming a great concern since they can affect biological functions or accumulate in organs, causing adverse effects and illnesses such as cancer. These pollutants are being discarded in our soils, waters, and the food supply chain due to several anthropogenic factors. This review mainly aims to provide a clear overview of the commonly used methods and techniques in the trace element analysis of food from sample preparations, namely, ashing techniques, separation/extraction methods, and analytical techniques. Ashing is the first step in trace element analysis. Dry ashing or wet digestion using strong acids at high pressure in closed vessels are used to eliminate the organic matter. Separation and pre-concentration of elements is usually needed before proceeding with the analytical techniques to eliminate the interferences and ameliorate the detection limits.
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14
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Ikem A, Odumosu PO, Udousoro I. Elemental composition of cereal grains and the contribution to the dietary intake in the Nigerian population. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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15
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Smirnova E, Moniruzzaman M, Chin S, Sureshbabu A, Karthikeyan A, Do K, Min T. A Review of the Role of Curcumin in Metal Induced Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020243. [PMID: 36829803 PMCID: PMC9952547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity poses a potential global threat to the environment and living beings. Their numerous agricultural, medical, industrial, domestic, and technological applications result in widespread distribution in the environment which raises concern on the potential effects of metals in terms of health hazards and environmental pollution. Chelation therapy has been the preferred medical treatment for metal poisoning. The chelating agent bounds metal ions to form complex cyclic structures known as 'chelates' to intensify their excretion from the body. The main disadvantage of synthetic chelators is that the chelation process removes vital nutrients along with toxic metals. Natural compounds are widely available, economical, and have minimal adverse effects compared to classical chelators. Herbal preparations can bind to the metal, reduce its absorption in the intestines, and facilitate excretion from the body. Curcumin, a bioactive substance in turmeric, is widely used as a dietary supplement. Most studies have shown that curcumin protects against metal-induced lipid peroxidation and mitigates adverse effects on the antioxidant system. This review article provides an analysis to show that curcumin imparts promising metal toxicity-ameliorative effects that are related to its intrinsic antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Smirnova
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Sungyeon Chin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Anjana Sureshbabu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungtag Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.M.)
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16
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Akoury E, Mansour N, Reda GA, Dimassi H, Karam L, Alwan N, Hassan HF. Toxic metals in packed rice: Effects of size, type, origin, packing season, and storage duration. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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17
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Balbo C, Woźniak Ł. Dietary exposure and risk characterisation of multiple chemical contaminants in rye‐wheat bread marketed in Poland. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200911. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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18
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Farag MA, Mansour ST, Nouh RA, Khattab AR. Crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster): A comprehensive review of their potential health hazards and detection methods to assure their biosafety. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Somaia T. Mansour
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Roua A. Nouh
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira R. Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt
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19
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Ghidini S, Varrà MO, Husáková L, Alborali GL, Patočka J, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162530. [PMID: 36010529 PMCID: PMC9407101 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children's estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-902-753
| | - Lenka Husáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573 HB/D, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jan Patočka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573 HB/D, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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20
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Conti ME, Astolfi ML, Finoia MG, Massimi L, Canepari S. Biomonitoring of element contamination in bees and beehive products in the Rome province (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36057-36074. [PMID: 35060025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we determined the levels of elements (i.e. As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, U, and Zn) in bees and edible beehive products (honey, wax, pollen, and propolis) sampled from five selected sites in the Rome province (Italy). RATIONALE to increase the information variety endowment, the monitoring breakdown structure (MBS) conceptual model was used (nine elements, 429 samples, and approximately thirteen thousand determinations over a 1-year survey). Thus, we employed Johnson's probabilistic method to build the control charts. Then, we measured the element concentration overlap ranges and the overlap bioaccumulation index (OBI). Subsequently, we evaluated the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the analysed elements and matched them with acceptable reference doses. The human health risk caused by the intake of individual elements found in edible beehive products and their risk summation were evaluated through the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) methods. FINDINGS excluding honey, this study confirms the capacity of wax, pollen, propolis, and bees to accumulate high levels of toxic and potentially toxic elements from the surrounding environment (with high OBI-U, i.e. OBI-Upper values, i.e. the common upper concentration limit of the overlap concentration range). Bees and pollen showed a high bioaccumulation Cd surplus (OBI-U = 44.0 and 22.3, respectively). On the contrary, honey had high OBI-L values (i.e. honey concentrates metals several times less than the common lower concentration limit of the overlap concentration range). This finding implies that honey is useless as an environmental indicator compared with the other biomonitor/indicators. The EDI values for the edible beehive products were lower than the health and safety reference doses for all the considered elements. Our data show that honey, wax, propolis, and pollen are safe for consumption by both adults and children (THQ < 1; HI < 1), even considering the sporadic possibility of consuming them simultaneously. ORIGINALITY This study has been conducted for the first time in the Rome province and demonstrates that edible indicators are safe for consumption for the considered elements in bees and edible beehive products. Depending on the ecosystem/pollutants studied, the OBI consents to make a correct choice for environmental biomonitoring studies and to focus the attention on the most sensitive biomonitors/indicators when required at the project level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Sapienza, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Finoia
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Viale V. Brancati 60, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
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21
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Capitão C, Martins R, Santos O, Bicho M, Szigeti T, Katsonouri A, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Wasowicz W, Tolonen H, Virgolino A. Exposure to heavy metals and red blood cell parameters in children: A systematic review of observational studies. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:921239. [PMID: 36275050 PMCID: PMC9583003 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.921239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic studies show that heavy metals interfere with the hematopoietic system by inhibiting key enzymes, which could lead to anemia. However, the link between children's exposure and red blood cell (RBC) parameters has been inconsistent. We aimed to summarize evidence on human studies exploring the association between exposure to lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium VI and RBC parameters in children. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 2010 and April 2022. Eligible papers included human observational studies that directly assessed exposure (internal dose) to the heavy metals under study and RBC parameters in participants aged ≤ 18 years. We excluded studies using hospital-based samples. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tools for Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We synthesized the evidence using vote counting based on the direction of the relationship. RESULTS Out of 6,652 retrieved papers, we included a total of 38 (33 assessing lead, four mercury, two cadmium, and two arsenic; chromium VI was not assessed in any included paper). More than half of the studies were conducted in Asia. We found evidence of a positive relationship between lead concentration and hemoglobin (proportion of studies reporting negative relationships = 0.750; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.583, 0.874) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (0.875; 95% CI 0.546, 0.986), and a positive relationship with red cell distribution width (0.000; 95%CI 0.000, 0.379). When considering only good-quality studies (24% of the Pb studies), only the relationship with hemoglobin levels remained (0.875; 95% CI: 0.546, 0.986). CONCLUSION We found evidence of a negative relationship between lead concentration and hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and of a positive relationship with red cell distribution width in children. We also identified a need to conduct more studies in European countries. Future studies should use standardized practices and make efforts to increase study quality, namely by conducting comprehensive longitudinal studies. Our findings support the need to take further actions to limit heavy metal exposure during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Capitão
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Martins
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Unbreakable Idea Research, Cadaval, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto Rocha Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hanna Tolonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Su C, Liu H, Qu X, Zhou X, Gao Y, Yang H, Zheng N, Wang J. Heavy Metals in Raw Milk and Dietary Exposure Assessment in the Vicinity of Leather-Processing Plants. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3303-3311. [PMID: 33184740 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the contamination levels of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) in raw milk and the subsequent potential health risk to local consumers close to leather-processing plants in China. The As and Pb concentrations in milk from contaminated areas were 0.43 ± 0.21 and 2.86 ± 0.96 μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than in milk from unpolluted farm, with values of 0.20 ± 0.05 and 2.32 ± 0.78 μg/L, respectively. The Cr and Cd levels in milk from contaminated areas were 1.21 ± 1.57 and 0.15 ± 0.04 μg/L, respectively, which were slightly higher than in milk from unpolluted farm, with values of 0.87 ± 0.61 and 0.13 ± 0.04 μg/L, respectively, (P > 0.05). Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values for As, Pb, Cr, and Cd from milk consumption were calculated for individuals aged 3 to 69. The THQ followed a descending order of As > Pb > Cr > Cd, with values of 0.0066-0.0441, 0.0033-0.0220, 0.0019-0.0124, and 0.0007-0.0046, respectively. The HI values (0.0124-0.0832) were far below the threshold of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyou Su
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueyin Qu
- Tianjin Mengde Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Xuewei Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zupančič M, Šušteršič M, Bavec Š, Gosar M. Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in household dust from former Hg mining district, Idrija, Slovenia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3505-3531. [PMID: 33570697 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the main sources of potential chronic exposure to potentially toxic elements is household dust, especially in an environment with known point sources of PTE pollution. The literature review clearly shows that the total concentrations of an element in the environment do not provide information to predict its bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of PTE present in household dust in the small town of Idrija, the site of the former mercury mine. Unified bioaccessibility method was used to assess oral bioaccessibility of PTE in the stomach and intestine, while inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed by extraction of household dust samples with two synthetic extraction solutions-Gamble's solution (GS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). A low bioaccessibility of mercury was observed in all synthetic solutions (less than 3%). The highest bioaccessibility of PTE was observed in ALF solution, especially for Zn, Pb and Cd. Only a slightly lower bioaccessibility of these three elements was also observed in the stomach, while the bioaccessibility of other elements in the gastric phase was less than 40%. In general, the bioaccessibility of all elements decreased in the intestine. With the exception of Cr, the lowest bioaccessibility of the elements was observed in GS. Daily ingestion and inhalation doses of PTE from household dust were calculated and their values were below the available recommended or tolerable daily intakes of PTE from food according to the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zupančič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Špela Bavec
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Gosar
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Saraiva M, Guérin T, Jitaru P, Sloth JJ. Ultra-trace speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice using species-specific isotope dilution and HPLC-ICP-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1735-1742. [PMID: 34233575 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1937710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to clarify the current controversy related to conflicting reports on whether presence of Cr(VI) in rice is possible or not. For this purpose, a method was employed for the single run speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice samples using species-specific isotope dilution (SS-ID) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and selective single run species complexation/derivatisation. The quantification limits (LOQs) were 0.014 μg kg-1 for Cr(III) and 0.047 μg kg-1 for Cr(VI), while the detection limits (LODs) were 0.004 and 0.014 μg kg-1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. A total of 10 rice samples of different origin and colour (depending on the type of industrial processing) were analysed in this study. The content of Cr(VI) was below the limit of quantification in all of the rice samples analysed, while the Cr(III) levels ranged between 0.59 (whole grain rice) up to 104 µg kg-1 (brown rice). All samples were also analysed for their total Cr (Crtotal) content by ICP-MS solely and the results were in all cases comparable with the Cr(III) levels determined in the same samples. To assess the stability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice, one sample was spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (individually) at different levels (5.0, 10, 15 and 20 μg kg-1), held for 2 h, and then analysed by SS-ID HPLC-ICP-MS. The results showed a complete reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), while Cr(III) remained stable at all spiking levels. These findings support the general statement from the European Food Safety Authority related to the complete absence of Cr(VI) in foods and confirms that Cr in rice is found solely as Cr(III) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saraiva
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Directorate of Strategy and Programs, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Potentially toxic elements in macromycetes and plants from areas affected by antimony mining. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rubio C, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ, González-Weller D, Martín R, Hardisson A. Human Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements from the Consumption of Soybean Beverages Commercialized in Spain. J Food Prot 2021; 84:932-937. [PMID: 32311738 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plant-based beverages have been positioned as an alternative to cow's milk. Some of the most commonly consumed plant-based beverages are those made from soybeans. Soybean beverages can be an important source of essential elements. However, soybean plants can be exposed to high concentrations of contaminants, such as toxic metals, from the soil and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs; Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, Zn, B, Ba, Ni, Li, Sr, V, Al, Cd, and Pb) to evaluate the human exposure and toxic risk from the consumption of these soybean beverages. Forty samples of various brands of soybean beverages were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The most abundant PTE was Al (3.93 mg/L), followed by Fe (1.91 mg/L) and Ba (0.69 mg/L). Based on a mean consumption of two servings of soybean beverage per day (250 mL per serving), this consumption results in a daily intake of Al and Pb that is significant but still below of the maximum recommended amount. However, higher consumption could exceed the maximum recommended Al and Pb values, with consequent risks to the human health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-0850 [A.J.G.])
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Health Inspection and Laboratory Service, Canary Health Service, S/C de Tenerife, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Trace elements risk assessment for consumption of wild mussels along South Africa coastline. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rubio-Armendáriz C, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Gomes Furtado V, González-Weller D, Revert C, Hardisson A. Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3833. [PMID: 33917540 PMCID: PMC8038792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of cereals and cereal-based products represents 47% of the total food energy intake in Cape Verde. However, cereals also contribute to dietary exposure to metals that may pose a risk. Strengthening food security and providing nutritional information is a high-priority challenge for the Cape Verde government. In this study, toxic metal content (Cr, Ni, Sr, Al, Cd, and Pb) is determined in 126 samples of cereals and derivatives (rice, corn, wheat, corn flour, wheat flour, corn gofio) consumed in Cape Verde. Wheat flour samples stand out, with the highest Sr (1.60 mg/kg), Ni (0.25 mg/kg) and Cr (0.13 mg/kg) levels. While the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat would contribute to 13.2% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of Ni, a consumption of 100 g/day of wheat flour would contribute to 8.18% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of Cd. Results show relevant Al levels (1.17-13.4 mg/kg), with the highest level observed in corn gofio. The mean Pb average content in cereals is 0.03-0.08 mg/kg, with the highest level observed in corn gofio. Al and Pb levels are lower in cereals without husks. Without being a health risk, the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat contributes to 17.5% of the European benchmark doses lower confidence limit (BMDL) of Pb for nephrotoxic effects; the consumption of 100 g/day of corn gofio provides an intake of 1.34 mg Al/day (13.7% of the TWI) and 8 µg Pb/day (20% of the BMDL for nephrotoxic effects). A strategy to minimize the dietary exposure of the Cape Verdean population to toxic metals from cereals should consider the continuous monitoring of imported cereals on arrival in Cape Verde, the assessment of the population's total diet exposure to toxic metals and educational campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain; (S.P.); (Á.J.G.); (D.G.-W.); (A.H.)
| | - Soraya Paz
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain; (S.P.); (Á.J.G.); (D.G.-W.); (A.H.)
| | - Ángel J. Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain; (S.P.); (Á.J.G.); (D.G.-W.); (A.H.)
| | - Verena Gomes Furtado
- Entidade Regulatora Independiente da Saúde, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, 296-A Praia, Cape Verde;
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain; (S.P.); (Á.J.G.); (D.G.-W.); (A.H.)
- Health Inspection and Laboratory Service, Servicio Canario de Salud, 38004 S/C de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Spain
| | - Consuelo Revert
- Departament of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain;
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna (Canary Islands), Spain; (S.P.); (Á.J.G.); (D.G.-W.); (A.H.)
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29
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Bories G, Cubadda F, Svensson K, Brozzi R, Galobart J, Gregoretti L, Innocenti ML, Vettori MV, López‐Gálvez G. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of chromium propionate (KemTRACE™ Chromium) for all growing poultry species (Kemin Europa NV). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06546. [PMID: 33968247 PMCID: PMC8082166 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of chromium propionate (KemTRACE™ Chromium; KemTRACE-Cr) as zootechnical feed additive for all growing poultry species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel was assigned to this mandate. Based on two tolerance studies submitted, the Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening at the maximum recommended supplementation level of 0.4 mg Cr/kg feed from KemTRACE-Cr, but a margin of safety cannot be established; this conclusion can be extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding, but cannot be extrapolated to other growing poultry species. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use of KemTRACE-Cr in animal nutrition at the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer. No concerns for users following any inhalation exposure during the handling of the additive are expected; the additive was shown to be corrosive to the eyes but not irritant to skin or a skin sensitiser. The use of KemTRACE-Cr in animal nutrition according to the proposed conditions of use will not significantly alter the concentration in the receiving environmental compartments of concern; therefore, no safety concern is expected for the environment. Based on three efficacy studies, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that KemTRACE-Cr has the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive in chickens for fattening at the supplementation level of 0.4 mg Cr/kg feed; this conclusion could be extended to chickens reared for laying and chickens reared for breeding, and extrapolated to other poultry species for fattening and reared for laying/breeding.
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Wang S, Liu T, Xiao X, Luo S. Advances in microbial remediation for heavy metal treatment: a mini review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, microbiological treatment to remediate contamination by heavy metals has aroused public attention as such pollution has seriously threatens ecosystems and human health and impedes sustainable development. However, the aspect of actual industrial wastewater and solid waste remediation by microorganisms is not explored sufficiently. And what we focus on is technical field of microbial remediation. Therefore, in this review, we discuss and summarize heavy metal treatment via microbiological approaches in different media, including wastewater, solid waste from industrial factories and polluted sites. We also clarify the technical applicability from the perspective of biosorption, bioleaching, biominerization, etc. In particular, the exploration of the combination of microbiological approaches with chemical methods or phytoextraction are scrutinized in this review relative to real waste heavy metal remediation. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of hyperaccumulator endophytes.
Graphical abstract
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31
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Saraiva M, Chekri R, Guérin T, Sloth JJ, Jitaru P. Chromium speciation analysis in raw and cooked milk and meat samples by species-specific isotope dilution and HPLC-ICP-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:304-314. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1859144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saraiva
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Denmark
| | - Rachida Chekri
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jens J. Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Denmark
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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32
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Udiba UU, Udofia UU, Akpan ER. Concentration and Potential Human Health Hazards of Heavy Metals in Periwinkle ( Tympanotonus fuscatus) Purchased from Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:201206. [PMID: 33324503 PMCID: PMC7731496 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As water flows through habitats associated with estuaries, such as mud flats, salt marshes, sea grass and mangrove forests, pollutants such as heavy metals are filtered. The fine sediment dominant in intertidal and subtidal estuarine systems is an important sink for these contaminants. Periwinkle, which inhabit estuarine ecosystems, are known to bioaccumulate large quantities of contaminants. OBJECTIVES In view of the widespread consumption of periwinkle in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, this study was designed to assess the concentration and potential human health hazards of heavy metals due to the consumption of this rich, inexpensive and readily available source of protein in Calabar, Nigeria. METHODS Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) content of edible tissues of periwinkles obtained from major markets in Calabar were determined using Shimadzu atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. RESULTS The ranges of concentration (mg/kg dry weight) were Pb (0.011-0.056), Cd (0.008-0.032), Cr (0.014-0.157) and Ni (0.053-0.261) for Watt Market and Pb (0.009-0.052), Cd (0.011-0.032), Cr (0.012-0.052) and Ni (0.012-0.322) for Mariam Market. Concentrations of all the metals were below Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), FAO/World Health Organization (WHO) and Commission of European Communities maximum permissible limits. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd were slightly higher compared to the recommended daily intake for the metals. The EDI of all metals under study were lower than the upper tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotients (THQ) computed to estimate the human health risk posed by each metal were above the safe limits of unity, except for Cr. The hazard index (HI) for a typical adult of 60.7 kg body weight was found to be 9.7 for Watt Market and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 24.66%, 54.51%, 0.0001% and 20.70% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The HI for Marian Market was 10.7 and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 22.31%, 57.55%, 0.06% and 20.09% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of periwinkles purchased from major markets in Calabar poses toxicological risk with respect to Pb, Cd and Ni poisoning. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udiba Ugumanim Udiba
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Udeme Uyom Udofia
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ekom R Akpan
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Pereira P, Palma C, Ferreira-Pêgo C, Amaral O, Amaral A, Rijo P, Gregório J, Palma L, Nicolai M. Grape Pomace: A Potential Ingredient for the Human Diet. Foods 2020; 9:E1772. [PMID: 33260373 PMCID: PMC7760011 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial production of wine generates annually tons of waste that can and must be properly reused to reduce its polluting load ad increase the availability of passive ingredients to be used in human nutrition. Grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, beyond being of nutritional value is a bioactive source with high potential value and benefits for human health. Having as main goal the preliminary perception of the potential use of this by-product, the aim of this study was the characterization of eight different grape pomaces. In this sense, ash content, relative ash, moisture, pH, microorganisms, metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and semi-metal (As) were reported. The parameter that limits the daily amount ingested of this product is its arsenic content, a non-essential element that belongs to the group of semi-metal. Considering the obtained results and in the light of the restrictions imposed through the legislation in regulations set by the European Commission, the inclusion of grape pomace in the industrial production of foodstuffs could be a step towards the future of human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pereira
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
- CERENA—Instituto Superior Técnico (IST Center for Natural Resources and Environment), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Palma
- Instituto Hidrográfico, R. Trinas 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Olga Amaral
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Campus do IPBeja, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (O.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Anabela Amaral
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Campus do IPBeja, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (O.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Gregório
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lídia Palma
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Marisa Nicolai
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.F.-P.); (P.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
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Esteves GDF, Bressanin LA, de Souza KRD, da Silva AB, Mantovani JR, Marques DM, Magalhães PC, Pasqual M, de Souza TC. Do tailings from the Mariana, MG (Brazil), disaster affect the initial development of millet, maize, and sorghum? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38662-38673. [PMID: 32632689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The collapse of the Fundão dam in Mariana, MG, in 2015 resulted in the overflow of more than 50 million m3 of mud containing mine tailings, leaving a path of destruction and immeasurable social and environmental consequences. Tailings' chemical and physical assessments revealed the presence of some elements at levels higher than those allowed by Brazilian guidelines. The tailings also showed high density, which restricts vegetation recovery. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of mud containing mine tailings from the Fundão dam on the germination and initial growth and development of three plant species: millet, maize, and sorghum. These species were cultivated on substrates with five tailings proportions: 0 T (100% sand), 25 T (25% tailings + 75% sand); 50 T (50% tailings + 50% sand); 75 T (75% tailings + 25% sand); and 100 T (100% tailings). In experiment I, the germination and initial growth of seedlings (plants with 1 or none fully expanded leaf) in these substrates were evaluated. In experiment II, growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence), metal accumulation, and plant root morphology of the same species were evaluated at the three fully expanded leaves vegetative stage (V3). Overall, the germination of seedlings and the initial growth of the three species analyzed were not affected by the presence of tailings. However, in plants at the V3 stage, morphophysiology variations differed among species, given that their growth, biomass accumulation, and root dynamics were altered. Proportions of tailings in the substrate did not influence the absorption of iron or manganese by the studied plants. At the V3 stage, maize was the most tolerant, with a more robust root system, and showed fewer morphological changes and greater water use efficiency than the other studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele de Fátima Esteves
- Institute of Nature Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Leticia Aparecida Bressanin
- Institute of Nature Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamila Rezende Dázio de Souza
- Institute of Nature Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bortolotti da Silva
- Section of Agricultural Sciences, University José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS, Rod MG 39 Km 0, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Mantovani
- Section of Agricultural Sciences, University José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS, Rod MG 39 Km 0, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Marques
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Magalhães
- Maize and Sorghum National Research Center, P. O. Box 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Moacir Pasqual
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Corrêa de Souza
- Institute of Nature Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Staniek HZ, Król E, Wójciak RW. The Interactive Effect of High Doses of Chromium(III) and Different Iron(III) Levels on the Carbohydrate Status, Lipid Profile, and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103070. [PMID: 33050015 PMCID: PMC7599772 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of chromium(III) propionate complex (Cr3) supplementation and different iron supply on the carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and other selected biochemical parameters of rats. The experiment was carried out in a two-factor design, in which rats were fed a diet with different proportions of Fe(III) and Cr(III) for six weeks. Fifty-four healthy female Wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups with different Fe(III) levels, i.e. adequate-control group (45 mg/kg)-100% recommended daily dietary dose of Fe for rodents, deficient (5 mg/kg) and oversupply (180 mg/kg-400%). At the same time they were supplemented with Cr(III) of doses 1 (adequate), 50 and 500 mg/kg of diet. The activity and concentrations of most biochemical parameters were measured with standard enzymatic, kinetic, and colorimetric methods. HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were calculated according to appropriate formulas. It was found that there was an interactive effect of high Cr(III) doses and different Fe(III) levels in the diet on the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes. The presented results suggested that iron deficient diet fed animals led to insulin resistance; however, an effect is attenuated by Cr(III) supplementation at high doses. There were no significant changes in the rats' lipid profile (except for the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level) and most of the other biochemical parameters, such as the leptin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), creatinine (Crea) and the urea (BUN) concentrations. The study proved that the Cr(III) supplementation, independently and in combination with diversified Fe(III) content in the diet, affected the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes but did not affect lipid profile and most of the other biochemical parameters in healthy rats. The findings proved the role of Fe and Cr(III) and their interactions on disturbances carbohydrates metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Zofia Staniek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(61)-8487334
| | - Ewelina Król
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Wojciech Wójciak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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Obasi NA, Aloke C, Obasi SE, Famurewa AC, Ogbu PN, Onyeji GN. Elemental Composition and Associated Health Risk of Honey Obtained from Apiary Farms in Southeast Nigeria. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1745-1756. [PMID: 32421795 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the levels of lead, selenium, arsenic, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in honey and their potential health risks to consumers, using standard protocols. The honey samples were obtained from apiary farms at nine different locations in southeast Nigeria. They were digested at optimal conditions and analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Levels of the studied elements in the honey were found to vary relative to the sample source; however, all were below European Commission maximum permissible limits, with the exception of lead, whose level in some samples exceeded the recommended set limit. Estimated daily intakes of the elements via ingestion of the honey were all below the maximum permissible limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, with the exception of arsenic, whose values in some samples slightly exceeded the set limit. For all samples, estimated health risk values for the elements quantified were higher in children than in adults. The hazard quotient for arsenic, hence, the hazard index for the elements, indicated a significant risk (>1) for children for some of the honey samples studied. Arsenic was the major contributor to incremental lifetime cancer risk; its estimated value for children in all the honey samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) threshold limit (>1.0 × 10-4); hence, the total cancer risk values for the carcinogenic elements indicated an absolute unacceptable risk level for children based on EPA threshold limit. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwogo Ajuka Obasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-7427 [N.A.O.])
| | - Chinyere Aloke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-7427 [N.A.O.])
| | - Stella Eberechukwu Obasi
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, P.M.B. 1007 Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Clement Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-7427 [N.A.O.])
| | - Patience Nkemjika Ogbu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-7427 [N.A.O.])
| | - Gertrude Nneka Onyeji
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-7427 [N.A.O.])
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Elaridi J, Dimassi H, Estephan M, Hassan HF. Determination of Aluminum, Chromium, and Barium Concentrations in Infant Formula Marketed in Lebanon. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1738-1744. [PMID: 32971540 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Infant formula is a major nutritional component for many infants and toddlers. However, the presence of contaminants, such as toxic metals, may pose increased health risks to infants. An investigation of the total concentrations of the metals aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), and chromium (Cr) in infant formulae marketed in Lebanon was performed. Powdered dairy and nondairy infant formula samples were collected from all commercially available brands (n = 39) in the Lebanese market on two production dates (78 samples in total) and analyzed for these three metals with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All brands contained detectable concentrations of Al and Ba, Cr was detected in 95% of brands. Mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of the metals were estimated as 1.54 ± 1.43 (Al), 0.256 ± 0.593 (Ba), and 0.168 ± 0.143 (Cr) (μg/g). The concentration ranges in the powdered formula were 0.080 to 7.93 (Al), 0.038 to 5.35 (Ba), and 0.041 to 0.348 (Cr) μg/g. A significant difference in the mean concentrations of Al, Ba, and Cr for the two production dates of a single brand was observed in 92, 59, and 83% of samples, respectively. The mean concentration of Al in the soy-based formula was significantly higher than that of aluminum in milk-based and corn-based formulas (P = 0.018). Cr concentrations in the continuation special formulations were significantly higher than those in the beginner formulations (P = 0.008). Our study provides the first publicly available information on metal contamination in infant formulas in Lebanon and reveals the need for frequent monitoring and surveillance of these products intended for infant consumption. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Elaridi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-6815 [H.F.H.])
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maria Estephan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-6815 [H.F.H.])
| | - Hussein F Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-6815 [H.F.H.])
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Pappalardo AM, Copat C, Raffa A, Rossitto L, Grasso A, Fiore M, Ferrante M, Ferrito V. Fish-Based Baby Food Concern-From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment. Molecules 2020; 25:E3961. [PMID: 32878026 PMCID: PMC7504785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two different but complementary approaches were used to evaluate the reliability of fish-based baby foods as a source of safe nourishment for babies. More specifically, barcoding analysis based on the Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences was used for fish species authentication and an analysis of metal/metalloid levels was performed to estimate the exposure risk assessment derived from consumption of selected fish-based baby food in infants and toddlers. COI DNA barcoding revealed that in three samples the species detected did not match the common name of the species shown on the label. In particular, G. chalcogrammus and M. australis were found in place of M. merluccius and O. mykiss was found in place of S. salar. The analysis of exposure risk assessment indicated a low risk for developing chronic systemic and carcinogenic effects in infants and toddler, under an exposure scenario based on daily consumption of a single box of fish-based baby food. However, it is important to highlight that in order to provide a comprehensive risk assessment it would be important to supplement the levels of exposure resulting from the total diet. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid by authorities to ensure the safety of food for infants and toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Pappalardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (A.G.); (M.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessandra Raffa
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Luana Rossitto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (A.G.); (M.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (A.G.); (M.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (A.G.); (M.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Venera Ferrito
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–Section of Animal Biology “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (L.R.)
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Nguyen TP, Ruppert H, Pasold T, Sauer B. Paddy soil geochemistry, uptake of trace elements by rice grains (Oryza sativa) and resulting health risks in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2377-2397. [PMID: 31686290 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil geochemistry and phytoavailable trace elements were investigated in 80 paddy soil samples and corresponding rice grains from the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam. Soil parameters like Fe-, Al-, and Mn-phases, organic matter, and pH-value determine element concentrations in soil and affect their transfer into rice grains. Arsenic exceeded the allowed limit for Vietnamese agricultural soils in 11% of the samples, presumably caused by natural processes. Lead surpassed the limit in one soil sample. Other toxic elements were close to their natural concentrations and far below allowable limits for agricultural soil. There was no clear correlation of trace element concentrations in soils with those in corresponding grains, even if the different soil parameters and the large pH-range between 3.7 and 6.8 were considered. To assess health risks of critical elements in rice, the thresholds of tolerable upper intake level for total food and drinking water (UL) and of permissible maximum concentration (MC) for rice grains were evaluated. Surprisingly, rice grains grown on non- or low-polluted soils can surpass the upper limits. According to the UL concept, 12% of the grains exceeded the UL of As, 29% that of Cd, and 27% that of Pb for each gender. According to the MC concept, 5% of the rice grains exceeded the MC of inorganic As for adults and 38% that for young children. 24% of the grains surpassed the MC of Pb, while Cd in all grains was below the MC. The differing results of the UL and MC approaches show an urgent need for revision and harmonization concerning As, Cd, and Pb limits, especially regarding countries with high rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Resource and Environment Management, Faculty of Land Resources and Agricultural Environment, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, 102 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam.
| | - Hans Ruppert
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Pasold
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sauer
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Di Bella C, Traina A, Giosuè C, Carpintieri D, Lo Dico GM, Bellante A, Del Core M, Falco F, Gherardi S, Uccello MM, Ferrantelli V. Heavy Metals and PAHs in Meat, Milk, and Seafood From Augusta Area (Southern Italy): Contamination Levels, Dietary Intake, and Human Exposure Assessment. Front Public Health 2020; 8:273. [PMID: 32733834 PMCID: PMC7359620 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals and PAHs were measured in animal foodstuffs from Augusta-Melilli-Priolo area in order to evaluate the potential human health risk associated to their consumption. All heavy metals were detected in seafood products while most of them were 1 for baby, children and teenagers, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk for these age categories by seafood ingestion. The CRAs overcame 1*10-5 for almost age categories (except "baby") and for elderly, by seafood and beef ingestions respectively. Moreover, the MOE for PAHs showed a certain cancer risk for "baby" related to cow milk ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia (IZSSi), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Traina
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Giosuè
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Carpintieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia (IZSSi), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bellante
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Del Core
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Falco
- National Research Council of Italy- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM-CNR), Mazara Del Vallo, Italy
| | - Serena Gherardi
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR-CNR), Naples, Italy
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Gundert‐Remy U, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen DH, Wölfle D, Wright M, Boon P, Tobback P, Rincon AM, Tard A, Moldeus P. Re-evaluation of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06152. [PMID: 32874328 PMCID: PMC7448050 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of Sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) assigned these food additives together with other aluminium-containing food additives a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 7 mg aluminium/kg body weight (bw). In 2008, EFSA established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg aluminium/kg bw per week. Sodium aluminium silicate was shown in rats to be absorbed to a limited extent at 0.12 ± 0.011%. The Panel considered that potassium aluminium silicate would be absorbed and become systemically available similarly to sodium aluminium silicate. No information on the physicochemical characterisation of sodium aluminium silicate and potassium aluminium silicate when used as food additives has been submitted and only very limited toxicological data were available for sodium aluminium silicate. Exposure to E 554 was calculated based on the reported use levels in food supplements. Exposure to aluminium from this use of E 554 was calculated to exceed the TWI for aluminium. Based on the data provided by interested business operators, the Panel considered that E 555 is not being used as a carrier, but as an inseparable component of 'potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments'. The Panel calculated the regulatory maximum exposure to E 555 as a carrier for titanium dioxide (E 171) and iron oxides and hydroxides (E 172). Exposure to aluminium from this single use at the maximum permitted level could theoretically far exceed the TWI. Considering that only very limited toxicological data and insufficient information on the physicochemical characterisation of both food additives were available, the Panel concluded that the safety of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) could not be assessed.
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Kataoka Y, Takeuchi A, Kobayashi H, Kikukawa K, Sato K, Akiyama H. [Surveillance of Chromium (VI) Concentrations in Mineral Water Products in 2018]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2020; 61:72-76. [PMID: 32336712 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used ion chromatography with post column derivatization to measure chromium (VI) concentrations in 155 mineral water (MW) products purchased from markets in Japan in 2018. Chromium (VI) recovery in spiked samples of the 155 MW products ranged from 95 to 106%, suggesting that this method is well suited for ensuring that MW products meet the requisite health and food safety standards. Chromium (VI) levels were above detection limits in 54 of the MW products, giving a total detection rate of 35%. The minimum and maximum chromium (VI) concentrations in all of the MW products were 0.0001 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L, respectively. The median chromium (VI) concentration was 0.0003 mg/L, with most MW products having chromium (VI) concentrations in the range of 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg/L. None of the MW products had chromium (VI) concentrations that exceeded the current standard value (0.05 mg/L) for MW in Japan.
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Abd-Elghany SM, Mohammed MA, Abdelkhalek A, Saad FSS, Sallam KI. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals from Sheep Meat and Offal in Kuwait. J Food Prot 2020; 83:503-510. [PMID: 32068856 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A total of 600 sheep samples (200 each of muscle, liver, and kidney) collected from 200 sheep carcasses slaughtered at abattoirs in Kuwait were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for concentrations of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). These metals were detected in all (100%) examined samples; higher concentrations occurred in kidney followed by liver and muscle. The mean (±standard error of the mean) values of the metals detected in sheep muscle, liver, and kidney samples were 0.320 ± 0.061, 0.488 ± 0.042, and 0.791 ± 0.152 μg/g, respectively for Hg; 349 ± 0.074, 0.504 ± 0.049, and 0.642 ± 0.113 μg/g, respectively, for As; 0.482 ± 0.098, 0.567 ± 0.042, and 0.706 ± 0.098 μg/g, respectively, for Pb; 0.301 ± 0.344, 0.433 ± 0.032, and 0.586 ± 0.064 μg/g, respectively, for Cd; and 0.362 ± 0.064, 0.585 ± 0.044, and 0.738 ± 0.111 μg/g, respectively, for Cr. The concentrations of all heavy metals except Cr exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by various international food agencies. The estimated daily intake of each metal was lower than its provisional tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotient and hazard index values for Hg were >1.0 in all examined sheep samples, suggesting significant health risks to the public from the consumption of sheep meat and offal marketed in Kuwait. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mohammed Abd-Elghany
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-6851 [S.M.A.E.]); and
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Mohammed
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Faisal Saad Saud Saad
- Veterinary Quarantine Department, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs & Fish Resources, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Turck D, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Engel KH, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Sanz Y, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Ackerl R, Knutsen HK. Safety of chromium-enriched biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06005. [PMID: 32874243 PMCID: PMC7447895 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on chromium-enriched biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is the dried and heat-killed chromium-enriched biomass of Y. lipolytica. This yeast species is widespread in nature, can be found in the environment and in foods, and was attributed the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) status for production purposes in 2018, including food and feed products based on biomass of the yeast. The production process, fermentation in the presence of chromium chloride, includes a heat-killing step of the yeast, resulting in the absence of viable Y. lipolytica in the NF. The maximum total chromium content of the NF is 23 μg Cr/g, with the chromium present as Cr(III). The applicant proposed to use the NF as a food supplement. The target population proposed by the applicant is the general population from 3 years of age onwards, with maximum proposed use levels of 2 g/day for children from 3 to 9 years of age and 4 g/day thereafter. At the proposed use levels of the NF, the combined intake of chromium provided by the NF, in addition to a background diet high in chromium, would result in total chromium intakes well below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for chromium(III) for all target population groups. The Panel concludes that the NF, chromium-enriched biomass of Y. lipolytica, is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kos Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Gropp J, Mantovani A, López‐Gálvez G. Safety and efficacy of Availa ®Cr (chromium chelate of DL-methionine) as a feed additive for dairy cows. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06026. [PMID: 32874235 PMCID: PMC7448064 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Availa®Cr (active compound: chromium chelate of DL-methionine) as a feed additive for dairy cows. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel was assigned to this mandate. The tolerance study did not show adverse effects with respect to body weight, milk yield, haematology and blood biochemistry up to the 10-fold overdose of chromium from Availa®Cr; however, owing to deficiencies in design and reporting of the study, it provided only supportive evidence on the safety of the additive. A safe level for dairy cows could be derived from a toxicological study with laboratory rodents. Taking all together, the FEEDAP Panel considers the maximum recommended use level (8 mg Cr from Availa®Cr/cow per day; about 0.4 mg Cr/kg complete feed) as safe. Chromium DL-Met shows a genotoxic activity in vitro that is not expressed in vivo after systemic exposure; although no data on genotoxicity at the site of contact are available, the Panel notes that chromium(III) is not carcinogenic and concludes that chromium DL-Met is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk at levels occurring in the diet. The use of Availa®Cr in feed of dairy cows up to the recommended supplementation level would not measurably increase consumer exposure to chromium(III), and therefore is safe for consumers. The additive poses a risk to users by inhalation, it is not an irritant to skin and eyes and should be considered a sensitiser. The use of the additive is not expected to pose a risk to the environment. Since only one study could be considered for the efficacy assessment, and three studies are required, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the efficacy of Availa®Cr for dairy cows.
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Aoki Y, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto M, Masumura K, Nohmi T. Mutant Frequency is not Increased in Mice Orally Exposed to Sodium Dichromate. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2019; 7:2-10. [PMID: 31998582 PMCID: PMC6977768 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium in the small intestine, the target organ of tumorgenicity, was examined by means of a transgenic mouse gene mutation assay. Sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered orally in drinking water to male gpt delta mice at a dose of 85.7 or 257.4 mg/L for 28 days or at a dose of 8.6, 28.6 or 85.7 mg/L for 90 days. No significant increase in gpt mutant frequency relative to that in control mice was observed in the small intestine in either the 28- or 90-day study, whereas 28-day oral administration of potassium bromate, a positive control substance, increased mutant frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for
Health and Environmental Risk Research, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for
Health and Environmental Risk Research, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michi Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for
Health and Environmental Risk Research, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics
and Mutagenesis, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics
and Mutagenesis, Kawasaki, Japan
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Bargellini A, Venturelli F, Casali E, Ferrari A, Marchesi I, Borella P. Trace elements in starter infant formula: dietary intake and safety assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2035-2044. [PMID: 28032287 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of five essential (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Se) and four non-essential/toxic elements (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) in 35 different starter infant formulas (0-6 months) sold in Italy. In addition, a safety assessment of these trace elements was carried out, by comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) with the adequate intake (AI) and the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), with a view to provide information on the metal distribution patterns and health risk to infants arising from the consumption of these products. The concentrations were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. The concentrations expressed in geometric mean ± geometric standard deviation of Fe (6.17 ± 1.61 mg/L), Zn (6.21 ± 1.31 mg/L), Cu (416.4 ± 1.21 μg/L), Mn (121.5 ± 1.85 μg/L) and Se (13.27 ± 1.67 μg/L) were within legal limits. In spite of this, the mean EDIs of Fe (4.81 mg/day) and Mn (94.75 μg/day) were many times higher than the recommended AI, especially for Mn. Chromium, Ni, Cd and Pb concentrations were not detectable in 11, 37, 57 and 66% of the samples, respectively. Considering the overall sample, the GM ± GSD of these elements were 4.80 ± 5.35 μg/L for Cr, 1.02 ± 11.65 μg/L for Ni, 0.21 ± 14.83 μg/L for Cd and 0.14 ± 17.13 μg/L for Pb. The mean EDIs were far below the respective PTDI. When the safety assessment was based on the 75° percentile level of each elements, all EDIs remained well below the PTDI, with the exception of Cd, whose EDI approached (74.7%), albeit remaining below the PTDI. In conclusion, our results and the increased awareness on the potential risks of excessive Mn and Fe for infants support that an urgent scientific-based definition of the appropriated levels of fortification in formulas is required. Moreover, regular monitoring of all the stages of production of infant formulas is essential in order to limit toxic metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bargellini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Venturelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Casali
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Marchesi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Borella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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Nho EY, Jamila N, Khan N, Dang YM, Lee GH, Park YM, Choi JY, Kim KS. Determination of Metals in Fruits of Cucurbitaceae Species from South Korea, to Characterize Potential Effects on Human Health. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1360896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Nho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yun Mi Dang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Min Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Esposito M, Miedico O, Cavallo S, Pellicanò R, Rosato G, Baldi L, Chiaravalle AE. Trace elements in raw milk of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Campania, Italy. Food Chem 2017; 233:378-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Stanciu O, Juan C, Miere D, Loghin F, Mañes J. Analysis of enniatins and beauvericin by LC-MS/MS in wheat-based products. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1288661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Stanciu
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of València, Burjassot, València, Spain
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