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Alkhaldy AA, Aljaadi AM, Jalil AMM, Alyoubi DA, Saleemani HH, Eid RH, Almohmadi NH, Al-Otaibi HH, Ajabnoor SM. Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38649978 PMCID: PMC11034115 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many countries use national nutrition surveys (NNSs) to assess their population's health and nutrition needs. However, NNS aims, approaches, tools, and measurements vary among countries. To date, there has been no review evaluating the NNSs and their practices worldwide to help conduct future NSSs. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to 1) explore and tabulate current NNSs in five continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia) and 2) help lay the foundation for establishing clear guidelines for future NNSs. The NNSs were identified using two approaches. First, an electronic database search was conducted with key terms in PubMed database. Second, a general web-based search on the survey webpages of governmental organizations was conducted using the same key terms to identify eligible surveys. The review included general adult population (≥ 18 years) with a cross-sectional design, excluding NNSs related to household-only surveys, specific age groups, or insufficient sample sizes. A total of 41 NNSs were identified in 37 countries across four continents: Asia (n = 15), Europe (n = 21), North America (n = 3), and Australia (n = 2). Broad differences between the surveys were identified, including survey purposes and designs, definitions of geographic areas and target groups, and dietary assessments. Currently, there are 26 ongoing NNSs, while 15 have ended. Among the ongoing NNSs, the cycles of the surveys were either at regular intervals (n = 8) or irregular intervals (n = 8). Of the 41 surveys, 24-h dietary recalls were used in 27 surveys, while only 6 surveys used diet diaries and 8 surveys relied on FFQs. Some surveys (n = 17) utilized multiple tools to assess dietary intake. Most of the surveys that assessed biochemical status (n = 12) focused on blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid status, whereas some surveys (n = 6) tested for vitamin and mineral status in blood and/or urine samples. The review identified key characteristics, time frames, sampling methods, and dietary and physical assessment methods obtained from different surveys worldwide. The information organized in this review will be important for researchers, policymakers, and public health programme developers in developing and improving NNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Alkhaldy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer M Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbe M Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia
| | - Doaa A Alyoubi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen H Saleemani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba H Eid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala H Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Walton J, Kehoe L. Current perspectives and challenges in the estimation of fruit juice consumption across the lifecycle in Europe. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38356367 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242400009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to nutrient intakes across the lifecycle and crude estimates of population mean intakes across countries were reported for the total population and for consumers only. This review highlighted significant gaps/challenges regarding the availability of country-specific national food consumption surveys across Europe and specifically data on FJ consumption (including complexities surrounding categorisations). Nonetheless, using a comparable/homogenous definition, the mean intake of FJ among consumers was approximately 1 × 150 ml glass/day for adults/older adults, with lower intakes among infants (86 g/d), children (108 g/d) and teenagers (112 g/d). FJ made important contributions to intakes of vitamin C while making little contribution to energy intakes but also contributed 2-14 % of free sugars intake (which may be considered modest compared to other sources). The complexity of collating and interpreting data on FJ intake as elucidated in this review raises questions surrounding the categorisation of FJ in research and presents significant challenges for policymakers with respect to dietary guidance for FJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Papatesta EM, Kanellou A, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A. Is Dietary (Food) Supplement Intake Reported in European National Nutrition Surveys? Nutrients 2023; 15:5090. [PMID: 38140349 PMCID: PMC10871081 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary (food) supplements (DSs) have seen a sharp increase in use and popularity in recent years. Information on DS consumption is vital for national nutrition monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DS intake was reported in the National Nutrition Surveys (NNSs) in all European countries. NNSs reporting DS use were retrieved via literature review (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus), scientific and organizational publications (EFSA), or open-published government and other official reports. Included were the European NNSs referring to adults, published in English, French, or German, post-2000. Out of the 53 European countries, 30 recorded DS intake. Among them, related findings on the percentage of DS intake were published in 21 cases, 5 of them written in the local language. DS use varied by nation, with Finland and Denmark having the greatest (over 50%) and Italy having the lowest percentage (5%). In terms of comprehensive reported data on DS consumption in Europe and the investigation of the contribution of DSs to total nutrient intake, there is a need for improvement. Common DS categories should be defined upon agreement among the involved scientific parties to allow for comparable data and estimations between surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maria Papatesta
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Anastasia Kanellou
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica (UniWA), 28 Agiou Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo-Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Peppa
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.M.P.); (A.K.); (E.P.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
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4
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Albuquerque G, Lunet N, Breda J, Padrão P. Food, nutrition and diet in urban areas from low- and middle-income countries in the WHO European Region. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:s1-s5. [PMID: 36123324 PMCID: PMC10801371 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Okada E, Nakade M, Hanzawa F, Murakami K, Matsumoto M, Sasaki S, Takimoto H. National Nutrition Surveys Applying Dietary Records or 24-h Dietary Recalls with Questionnaires: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4739. [PMID: 38004132 PMCID: PMC10674720 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of an accurate and efficient dietary method is required for national nutrition surveys. Some countries conduct dietary surveys and combine 24-h dietary records or 24-h dietary recalls with dietary questionnaires. This scoping review aimed to summarize studies that used results from national surveys that combined detailed dietary surveys (dietary records or 24-h dietary recall) and dietary questionnaires and identify the purpose of combining the two methods. The PubMed database and manual searches were used for the literature review. We extracted 58 articles from 16 national nutrition surveys from 14 countries. Most studies used 24-h dietary recall for detailed dietary surveys and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or food propensity questionnaire (FPQ) for questionnaire surveys. Among 37 studies from eight countries, the purpose of combining the two dietary survey methods was to estimate energy and nutrient intakes from detailed dietary surveys and habitual food intake from questionnaires. These findings are useful as a reference when introducing new dietary survey methods in future national nutrition surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- The Health Care Science Institute, 3-2-12 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakade
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
- Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hanzawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
- Research Institute for Food and Nutritional Sciences, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi 670-0092, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Japan
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6
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Hess JM, Zhu Y. Editorial: Secondary analysis of national nutrition surveys: from science to policy. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1297915. [PMID: 37867489 PMCID: PMC10588468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1297915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Hess
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Wayzek Science, St.Paul, MN, United States
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Walton J, Bell H, Re R, Nugent AP. Current perspectives on global sugar consumption: definitions, recommendations, population intakes, challenges and future direction. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:1-22. [PMID: 34369326 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242100024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is considerable emphasis on the relationship between dietary sugar consumption and various health outcomes, with some countries and regions implementing national sugar reduction campaigns. This has resulted in significant efforts to quantify dietary sugar intakes, to agree on terms to describe dietary sugars and to establish associated recommendations. However, this information is infrequently collated on a global basis and in a regularised manner. The present review provides context regarding sugar definitions and recommendations. It provides a global review of the available data regarding dietary sugar intake, considering forms such as total, free and added sugars. A comprehensive breakdown of intakes is provided by age group, country and sugar form. This analysis shows that free sugar intakes as a percentage of total energy (%E) are the highest for children and adolescents (12-14%E) and the lowest for older adults (8%E). This trend across lifecycle stages has also been observed for added sugars. The available data also suggest that, while some reductions in sugar intake are observed in a few individual studies, overall intakes of free/added sugars remain above recommendations. However, any wider conclusions are hampered by a lack of detailed high-quality data on sugar intake, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, there is a need for harmonisation of terms describing sugars (ideally driven by public health objectives) and for collaborative efforts to ensure that the most up-to-date food composition data are used to underpin recommendations and any estimates of intake or modelling scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Anne P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Flieh SM, Miguel-Berges ML, Huybrechts I, Breidenassel C, Grammatikaki E, Donne CL, Manios Y, Widhalm K, Molnár D, Stehle P, Kafatos A, Dallongeville J, Molina-Hidalgo C, Gómez-Martínez S, Gonzalez-Gross M, De Henauw S, Béghin L, Kersting M, Moreno LA, González-Gil EM. Food portion sizes and their relationship with energy, and nutrient intakes in adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutrition 2023; 106:111893. [PMID: 36462317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the associations between portion sizes (PSs) from different food groups and energy, as well as nutrient intakes in European adolescents. METHODS A sample of 1631 adolescents (54.2 % girls) were included from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional (HELENA) study. Mean food PS was calculated by dividing the total intake of the items by the number of eating occasions of these consumed items. To determine the key items for analysis, foods were ranked by frequency of consumption. A one-way between-groups analysis of covariance was used to test for significant differences in means across tertiles. A multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out, adjusting for age, sex, maternal education, body mass index, and using country as a level. RESULTS Energy intake increased with elevated intakes of energy-dense foods. Large portions of rice and other grains, starch roots and potatoes, and meat substitutes, nuts, and pulses were associated with increased carbohydrate and fiber intake. Larger portions of cheese and butter and animal fat were significantly associated with a higher fat intake. Lower intakes of some vitamins and micronutrients were noticed with consumption of larger portions of high energy-dense foods, such as desserts and pudding, margarine and vegetable oil, and butter and animal fat. CONCLUSIONS Large food PSs may be associated with positive energy, as well as macro- and micronutrient intake. Moreover, the findings from this study may help the future development of dietary guidance in general and specific to PSs, and support targeted strategies to address intakes of certain nutrients in European adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos M Flieh
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evangelia Grammatikaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- Evaluacion funcional y fisiologia del ejercicio, Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Salud Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France; University Lille, Inserm, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, INFINITE, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Pineda E, Poelman MP, Aaspõllu A, Bica M, Bouzas C, Carrano E, De Miguel-Etayo P, Djojosoeparto S, Blenkuš MG, Graca P, Geffert K, Hebestreit A, Helldan A, Henjum S, Huseby CS, Gregório MJ, Kamphuis C, Laatikainen T, Løvhaug AL, Leydon C, Luszczynska A, Mäki P, Martínez JA, Raulio S, Romaniuk P, Roos G, Salvador C, Sassi F, Silano M, Sotlar I, Specchia ML, de Arriaga MT, Terragni L, Torheim LE, Tur JA, von Philipsborn P, Harrington JM, Vandevijvere S. Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 23:100522. [PMID: 36405402 PMCID: PMC9673115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.
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Zeković M, Milešević J, Takić M, Knez M, Šarac I, Kadvan A, Gurinović M, Glibetić M. Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Status in 1–9-Year-old Children Living in Serbia: National Food Consumption Survey According to the EU Menu Methodology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153091. [PMID: 35956268 PMCID: PMC9370416 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Serbian Food Consumption Survey among 1–9-year-old-children was conceptualized and conducted in compliance with the principles, established protocols, and guidelines of the EU Menu project between 2017 and 2021. Valid data were collected for 576 individuals (290 1–3-year-old toddlers and 276 3–9-year-old children). Regardless of age and gender category, the majority (68.80%) of children had normal weights according to the Body Mass Index-for-age classification system. The median daily energy intake was 1406.71 kcal with no differences between the settlement types. The overall median contributions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 47.54%, 14.06%, and 37.88%, respectively. The proportions of the macronutrient intake deviated from the dietary reference values with compliance to the recommendations being particularly poor for fat and fiber. The consumption of energy-dense food groups such as meat and meat products, fat and oil, sugar, and confections was more pronounced among older children. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the nutritional status and dietary habits of toddlers and children 1–9 years old living in Serbia. They may serve as an evidence platform for public health programs, a valuable asset for decision-makers, and a reliable reference to guide nutritional policies, diet monitoring, and interventions targeting this population group in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Knez
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnes Kadvan
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Gurinović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
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Lemming EW, Pitsi T. The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 - food consumption and nutrient intake in the adult population of the Nordic and Baltic countries. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8572. [PMID: 35757440 PMCID: PMC9199833 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about the nutrient intakes and food consumption in the Nordic and Baltic countries is important for the formulation of dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), as part of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 project (NNR2022). Objective To describe nutrient intake and food consumption at a broad level in the adult population of each Nordic and Baltic country. This paper also provides guidance on where to find more information on the nutrient intake and food consumption reported from each country. Design Information about the dietary surveys as well as the daily mean intakes was retrieved from the national dietary surveys in each of the Nordic and Baltic countries. Tabulation of the population intakes divided by sex for macronutrients, 20 micronutrients, and for the following broader food groups, Beverages, Cereals, Potatoes, Vegetables, Fruits and berries, Fish and seafood, Meat and meat products, Milk and dairy products, Cheese, Eggs, Fats and oils, and Sweets and sweet bakery products, was done. Results and Discussion The Nordic and Baltic countries share not only similarities but also differences in food consumption patterns, which is reflected in differences in average food consumption and nutrient intakes between the countries. This may be related to the dietary assessment method, prevalence of misreporting, and participation rates in the different dietary surveys. Other factors that may play a role are differences in the calculation procedures in the food composition databases and the definition of food groups. Conclusion The nutrient intake and, especially, food consumption differ between the Nordic and Baltic countries because of differences in food patterns and factors related to the dietary surveying, food grouping, and calculation procedures in each country. To facilitate future comparisons between countries, it would be of interest to harmonize food groupings and the age groups reported on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Warensjö Lemming
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.,Departments of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics and Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tagli Pitsi
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Centre for Health Risk Prevention, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Talinn, Estonia.,Haapsalu College, Tallinn University, Haapsalu, Estonia
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12
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Albuquerque G, Sousa S, Lança de Morais I, Gelormini M, Motta C, Gonzales GB, Ovezov A, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Nutritional Characterization of Street Food in Urban Turkmenistan, Central Asia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877906. [PMID: 35677765 PMCID: PMC9168320 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Describing the availability and nutritional composition of the most commonly available street foods in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Methods One hundred sixty-one street food vending sites (six public markets) were assessed, through a collection of data on vending sites' characteristics and food availability, and samples of commonly available foods (21 homemade; 11 industrial), for chemical analysis. Results Fruit, beverages, and food other than fruit were available in 6.8, 29.2, and 91.9% of all vending sites, respectively. Regarding the latter, 52.7% of the vending sites sold only homemade products (main dishes, snacks, cakes, biscuits and pastries, bread, ice-cream chocolate and confectionery, savory pastries and sandwiches), 37.2% only industrial (ice-cream, chocolate and confectionery, cakes, biscuits and pastries, snacks, bread and savory pastries) and 10.1% both. Homemade foods presented significantly higher total fat [homemade 11.6 g (range 6.6–19.4 g); industrial 6.2 g (range 4.0–8.6 g), p = 0.001], monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans-fat, and sodium and potassium content per serving. Industrial wafers presented the highest mean saturated (11.8 g/serving) and trans-fat (2.32 g/serving) content. Homemade hamburgers presented the highest mean sodium content (1889 mg/serving). Conclusions Strategies to encourage the production and sales of healthier street foods, especially homemade, are needed to promote healthier urban food environments in urban Turkmenistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Albuquerque
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Motta
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Azat Ovezov
- National Public Health and Nutrition Centre, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Athens, Greece
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Albuquerque G, Lança de Morais I, Gelormini M, Sousa S, Casal S, Pinho O, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Availability and Nutritional Composition of Street Food in Urban Central Asia: Findings From Almaty, Kazakhstan. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604558. [PMID: 35548684 PMCID: PMC9081345 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the availability and nutritional composition of commonly available street foods in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Methods: 384 street food vending sites (in 10 public markets) were assessed; information on vending sites' characteristics and food availability and samples of the most commonly available street foods (81 homemade; 40 industrial) were collected for chemical analysis. Results: Fruit, beverages and food other than fruit were available in 1.0%, 47.4% and 92.7% of all vending sites. Homemade food other than fruit (e.g., bread, main dishes, snacks, pastries, sandwiches, and cakes) were available in 63.4% of stationary vending sites, while industrial (e.g., snacks, chocolate, cakes, and cookies) in 45.6% of them. Industrial foods were the most energy-dense [median kcal/100 g: 438.8 vs. 267.2, p < 0.001 (homemade)]. Traditional homemade dishes were high in sodium, reaching 2,248 mg/serving (lagman) and major contributors of protein and fat to energy content (shashlik: 22.8% from protein, 68.3% from fat). Industrial chocolate and homemade cake presented the highest saturated (14.6 g/serving) and trans-fat (3.20 g/serving) contents. Conclusion: These findings advocate for the implementation of health promotion strategies targeted at vendors, consumers and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,*Correspondence: Gabriela Albuquerque,
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Dietary Intake of Toxic Heavy Metals with Major Groups of Food Products—Results of Analytical Determinations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081626. [PMID: 35458187 PMCID: PMC9029343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food contains a complex matrix of various substances, including essential nutrients, non-nutritive substances, and toxins, including metals. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the contribution of major groups of food products to an overall intake of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni) using a combination of the 24-dietary recall technique, the ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) method, and chemometric tools. The obtained results reveal that there is a high potential risk of developing nephrotoxicity through the dietary intake of Pb in the case of both genders. The dietary intake determined for other elements (Cd, Hg, and Ni) was far below the limits established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported analytical determinations and revealed that cereals and vegetables were major contributors to a total intake of Cd (39.6 and 17.4% of the total exposure, respectively), Ni (40.4 and 19.3%), and Hg (16.8 and 19.6%), while water and beverages were major dietary sources of Pb (31% of the total daily intake). In contrast, eggs, fats and oils, and milk and dairy products provided the smallest amounts of Cd, Pb, and Ni. Despite containing high amounts of Hg, considering very low consumption, fish were not found to be an important source of this element.
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15
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Martimianaki G, Peppa E, Valanou E, Papatesta EM, Klinaki E, Trichopoulou A. Today’s Mediterranean Diet in Greece: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey—HYDRIA (2013–2014). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061193. [PMID: 35334847 PMCID: PMC8949101 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the food and macronutrient intake of the population in Greece and evaluate its adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. Methods: Adults over 18 years old (n = 4011) were included from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition survey—HYDRIA. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-h recall interviews and a nonquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Macronutrient intakes were calculated using an updated version of the Greek FCT. Results: Only 28.3% of the adult population had high adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet, with a higher percentage (39.7%) observed for participants over 65 years compared to those under 65 years (25.5%). Differences in adherence to the MD were observed among the four geographical regions in Greece. Younger adults had a higher intake of meat, cereals, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and sugar products than older individuals who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, dairy, fish, and lipids (mainly from olive oil). Adults do not meet the international dietary recommendations for the intake of several foods and macronutrients. Conclusions: The adult Greek population, especially younger people, has headed away from the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. These observations indicate potential detrimental consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality.
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16
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Sousa S, Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, Casal S, Pinho O, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Nutritional content of the street food purchased in Chișinău, Moldova: Opportunity for policy action. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Gurinović M, Nikolić M, Zeković M, Milešević J, Kadvan A, Ranić M, Glibetić M. Implementation of Harmonized Food Consumption Data Collection in the Balkan Region According to the EFSA EU Menu Methodology Standards. Front Nutr 2022; 8:809328. [PMID: 35127791 PMCID: PMC8811292 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.809328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiatives in the Capacity Development in Nutrition Research in the Balkan region in the last decade have been toward the creation of contemporary, harmonized Research Infrastructure (RI) compliant with European standards. This study describes the process of creation and implementation of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EU Menu methodology in the Balkan region during the EFSA support projects for food consumption data collection in four countries (Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia). This process entailed the application and improvement of an innovative tool, the DIET ASSESS and PLAN (DAP), a platform for standardized food consumption data collection and dietary intake assessment. DAP comprises computerized food consumption, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity questionnaires, validated food picture book, and FoodEx2 exposure hierarchy with sets of facet descriptors of the interest. It hosts the Balkan food platform with a Serbian food composition database (FCDB) and Regional FCDB, compliant with European Food Information Resource (EuroFIR™) standards. The implementation of the DAP platform in national dietary surveys conducted with the support of the EFSA EU Menu project in Balkan countries enabled harmonized food consumption data compilation and reporting. Application of the methodology entailed the development of study protocol and extensive education and training of study personnel. The entire data collection process was managed by internal and external survey coordinators. A pilot study was conducted to test the entire data collection and control process and was afterward used to make necessary improvements and adjustments to meet EU Menu requirements. Data collected are internationally comparable with food consumption data in other European countries within the framework of the EU Menu program. The existence of such data in the Balkan region will catalyze research activities in emerging topics, such as identification of dietary patterns, the establishment of national nutrient reference values and food-based dietary guidelines (not only in Serbia, but in the whole Balkan region), dietary exposure assessments, the endorsement and evaluation of new food legislations, the environmental and other effects of diet on the food system. The developed and implemented methodology underpins evidence-based policy-making processes lacking in the field of public health nutrition in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Gurinović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Agnes Kadvan
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ranić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia
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Bath SC, Verkaik-Kloosterman J, Sabatier M, ter Borg S, Eilander A, Hora K, Aksoy B, Hristozova N, van Lieshout L, Tanju Besler H, Lazarus JH. OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2154-2177. [PMID: 35713524 PMCID: PMC9549594 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward lower salt intake and a more plant-based diet. Objective To review iodine intake (not status) in European populations (adults, children, and pregnant women) to identify at-risk groups and dietary sources. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as European national nutrition surveys were searched for data on had iodine intake (from dietary assessment) and sources of iodine, collected after 2006. Data selection In total, 57 studies were included, comprising 22 national surveys and 35 sub-national studies. Iodine intake data were available from national surveys of children aged <10 years (n = 11), 11–17 years (n = 12), and adults (n = 15), but data from pregnancy were only available from sub-national studies. Results Iodine intake data are lacking—only 17 of 45 (38%) European countries had iodine-intake data from national surveys. Iodine intake reported from national surveys was below recommendations for: (1) children aged <10 years in 2 surveys (18%), (2) boys and girls aged 11–17 years in 6 (50%) and 8 (68%) surveys, respectively, and (3) adult men and women in 7 (47%) and 12 (80%) surveys, respectively. In pregnant women, intake was below recommendations except where women were taking iodine-containing supplements. Just 32% of national surveys (n = 7) included iodized salt when estimating iodine intake. Milk, dairy products, fish, and eggs were important contributors to intake in many countries, suggesting limited sources in plant-based diets. Conclusion Results are limited by the challenges of dietary assessment for measuring iodine intake. Future national surveys should include iodine intake. Policy makers should consider dietary sources alongside any iodized salt policies when considering methods for improving population iodine intake. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017075422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bath
- S.C. Bath, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. E-mail:
| | | | - Magalie Sabatier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sovianne ter Borg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ans Eilander
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V., Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Burcu Aksoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevena Hristozova
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - John H Lazarus
- Department of Endocrinology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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19
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Adebayo FA, Itkonen ST, Öhman T, Kiely M, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C. Safety of Vitamin D Food Fortification and Supplementation: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123065. [PMID: 34945616 PMCID: PMC8701201 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety considerations of food-based solutions for vitamin D deficiency prevention, such as fortification and supplementation, are critical. On the basis of collective data from 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 20 national healthy surveys, as well as prospective cohort studies (PCSs) across the ODIN project (“Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle”, FP7-613977), we analyzed the potential safety issues arising from vitamin D intakes and/or supplementation. These adverse consequences included high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentrations (>125 nmol/L), high serum calcium concentrations, and vitamin D intakes in excess of the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). In the RCTs (n = 3353, with vitamin D doses from 5–175 µg/day), there were no reported adverse effects. The prevalence of high S-25(OH)D was <10% when vitamin D supplements were administered, and <0.1% for fortified foods. Elevated serum calcium was observed among <0.5% in both administration types. No ODIN RCT participants exceeded the age-specific ULs. In observational studies (n = 61,082), the prevalence of high 25(OH)D among children/adolescents, adults, and older adults was <0.3%, with no evidence of adverse effects. In conclusion, high S-25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/L were rare in the RCTs and PCSs, and no associated adverse effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folasade A. Adebayo
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Suvi T. Itkonen
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Taina Öhman
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (M.K.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Kevin D. Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (M.K.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Christel Lamberg-Allardt
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Tüccar TB, Akbulut G. Mediterranean meal favorably effects postprandial oxidative stress response compared with a western meal in healthy women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34636645 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The postprandial state is characterized by low-grade oxidative and inflammatory responses, but the impact of different dietary patterns on these responses is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial oxidative and inflammatory responses to Mediterranean diet (MED) and Western diet (WD) meals. In a randomised crossover design, eleven healthy women, aged between 19-45 years with a body mass index of 20.0-24.9 kg/m2, consumed two different isocaloric meals: MED and WD. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 2, 3, 4 h postprandially and analyzed for oxidative [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol, native thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA)] and inflammatory [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] markers. MED meal intake resulted in increases in TAS (0.05±0.02 mmol/L; p=0.017), total thiol (23.00±7.69 μmol/L; p=0.013) and native thiol (12.82±4.94 μmol/L; p=0.027), while a decrease in MDA (-0.17±0.06 nmol/L; p=0.022) at 2 h. On the other hand, TAS reduced significantly overall (p=0.005) after WD meal intake. There was a significant increase after WD meal intake for IL-6 (1.39±0.49 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-17 (4.30±1.50 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-23 (8.38±3.51 pg/mL; p=0.038) at 4 h. However, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were not changed significantly by meal intake. The results indicate that MED meal induces favorable effects on oxidative stress, while WD meal partially increases inflammation in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Bulmuş Tüccar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Scarpa G, Berrang-Ford L, Twesigomwe S, Kakwangire P, Peters R, Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Patterson K, Namanya DB, Lwasa S, Nowembabazi E, Kesande C, Harris-Fry H, Cade JE. A Community-Based Approach to Integrating Socio, Cultural and Environmental Contexts in the Development of a Food Database for Indigenous and Rural Populations: The Case of the Batwa and Bakiga in South-Western Uganda. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103503. [PMID: 34684504 PMCID: PMC8537349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive food lists and databases are a critical input for programs aiming to alleviate undernutrition. However, standard methods for developing them may produce databases that are irrelevant for marginalised groups where nutritional needs are highest. Our study provides a method for identifying critical contextual information required to build relevant food lists for Indigenous populations. For our study, we used mixed-methods study design with a community-based approach. Between July and October 2019, we interviewed 74 participants among Batwa and Bakiga communities in south-western Uganda. We conducted focus groups discussions (FGDs), individual dietary surveys and markets and shops assessment. Locally validated information on foods consumed among Indigenous populations can provide results that differ from foods listed in the national food composition tables; in fact, the construction of food lists is influenced by multiple factors such as food culture and meaning of food, environmental changes, dietary transition, and social context. Without using a community-based approach to understanding socio-environmental contexts, we would have missed 33 commonly consumed recipes and foods, and we would not have known the variety of ingredients’ quantity in each recipe, and traditional foraged foods. The food culture, food systems and nutrition of Indigenous and vulnerable communities are unique, and need to be considered when developing food lists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scarpa
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; +44-74-15966075
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
| | - Sabastian Twesigomwe
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
| | - Paul Kakwangire
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
| | - Remco Peters
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK;
| | - Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo
- Facultad de Salud Publica y Administracion, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres 15102, Peru;
| | - Kaitlin Patterson
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Didacus B. Namanya
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
- Ministry of Health, Lourdel Road, Nakasero P.O. Box 7272, Uganda
| | - Shuaib Lwasa
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
- Department of Geography, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- The Global Center on Adaptation, 3072 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester Nowembabazi
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
| | - Charity Kesande
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Buhoma, Uganda; (S.T.); (P.K.); (D.B.N.); (S.L.); (E.N.); (C.K.)
| | - Helen Harris-Fry
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Janet E. Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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22
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Moltedo A, Jiménez S, Álvarez-Sánchez C, Manyani T, Ramos MP, Custodio E. Raw versus cooked food matching: Nutrient intake using the 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey. J Food Compost Anal 2021; 102:103879. [PMID: 34483479 PMCID: PMC8356072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary energy assessment does not require matching foods in cooked form. Macronutrient dietary assessment does not require matching foods in cooked form. Vitamin and mineral dietary assessment requires matching foods in cooked form.
In many countries, statistics from household consumption and expenditure surveys are increasingly being used to inform policies and programs. In household surveys, foods are typically reported as they are acquired (the majority are raw). However, the micronutrient content of some foods diminishes during processing and cooking. Using food consumption data from the 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey, this study analyzes whether mean consumption estimates of dietary energy, macronutrients, and eight micronutrients are equivalent (applying a two-side paired equivalence test) when matching foods: (1) considering the nutrient content in raw foods (as reported in the survey), and (2) considering the nutrient content in foods as typically consumed, thus applying yield and retention factors as needed. Both food matching approaches rendered statistically equivalent mean consumption estimates, at national and county levels, for dietary energy, protein, fats, available carbohydrates, total fiber, calcium and zinc. Non-equivalent means were found for iron, vitamins A, B1, B2, B12, and C. The higher differences between the means were, in percentage change, for vitamin C (47 %), B1 (34 %) and B12 (26 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moltedo
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofía Jiménez
- Joint Research Centre, Sustainable Resources, Economics of Agriculture, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso s/n, Sevilla, E-41092, Spain
| | - Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Talent Manyani
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - María Priscila Ramos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Economía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires (IIEP-Baires), Avenida Córdoba 2122 - 2do Piso, C1120AAQ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Information Internationale (CEPII), 20 avenue de Ségur, 75334, Paris cedex 07, France
| | - Estefanía Custodio
- Joint Research Centre, Sustainable Resources, Economics of Agriculture, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso s/n, Sevilla, E-41092, Spain
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23
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Traczyk I, Raciborski F, Kucharska A, Sińska BI, Milewska M, Samoliński B, Szostak-Węgierek D. A National Study of Nutrition and Nutritional Status of the Adult Polish Population in the Years 2017-2020 before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Design and Methods. Nutrients 2021; 13:2568. [PMID: 34444727 PMCID: PMC8398539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the designs and methods of a cross-sectional study of two groups of randomly selected Polish inhabitants aged 19-64, and 65 and over, carried out as part of the National Health Program. The aim of the study was to illustrate the current health situation of the respondents in terms of nutrition and physical activity level. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The Computer Assisted Personal Interview technique was used. The dietary research was carried out through repeated interviews about the frequency of food consumption, and about what food had been consumed in the previous 24 h. In addition to the questionnaire studies, anthropometric data, blood pressure and the level of physical activity were measured. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some methods were modified according to hygiene rules. The Computer Assisted Telephone Interview technique was used to collect the data, and the anthropometric data were obtained via measurements made by the respondents themselves based on detailed instructions. The results will be used to present representative data for the Polish population, describing a wide range of eating behaviours and other lifestyle elements, food and nutrition knowledge, dietary supplement use, the occurrence of diet-related diseases, nutritional status and, in the seniors group, the risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (I.T.); (B.I.S.)
| | - Filip Raciborski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (F.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Alicja Kucharska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (I.T.); (B.I.S.)
| | - Beata I. Sińska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (I.T.); (B.I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Milewska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (D.S.-W.)
| | - Bolesław Samoliński
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (F.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (D.S.-W.)
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24
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Moltedo A, Álvarez-Sánchez C, Grande F, Charrondiere UR. The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics. J Food Compost Anal 2021; 100:103926. [PMID: 34219918 PMCID: PMC8140404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
38 of 90 food composition tables reviewed report total vitamin A values poorly. Only 9 tables provide total vitamin A values expressed in both RE and RAE. 25 tables provide enough information to calculate total vitamin A in RE and RAE. Consensus on the conversion of pro-vitamin A carotenoids to retinol is needed. Vitamin A adequacy ratios vary with the unit of intake and source of requirements.
Producing, reporting, and interpreting vitamin A statistics present multiple challenges largely attributable to the systems of equivalence used to convert pro-vitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents, and to the criteria used by institutions to set recommendations. This study describes the information on total vitamin A, retinol and provitamin A carotenoids available in 90 food composition tables/databases (FCTs/FCDBs). It also evaluates the effect of the definition of vitamin A intake (Retinol Equivalents [RE] or Retinol Activity Equivalents [RAE]) and the source of requirements on the potential contribution of dietary intake to the population’s requirements. We found that 43 percent of the FCTs/FCDBs reviewed, many of them from high-income countries, do not provide total vitamin A or sufficient information for computing it, or present inconsistencies between the metadata and the published values; 9 percent publish total vitamin A in RE and RAE; and 28 percent provide information on retinol and provitamin A carotenoids that enables calculating total vitamin A in both definitions. Vitamin A adequacy ratios are lowest when the consumption unit is RAE and the source of requirements is the US Health and Medicine Division. When the consumption definition is RE, adequacy ratios are higher using FAO/WHO than EFSA requirements. It is imperative to reach consensus on the system of conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moltedo
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Grande
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - U Ruth Charrondiere
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
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25
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Więch P, Chmiel Z, Bazaliński D, Sobolewski M, Sałacińska I. Body Composition and Selected Nutritional Indicators in Healthy Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211021794. [PMID: 34158999 PMCID: PMC8182172 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211021794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass composition is subject to constant change and is multifactorially
determined. Its analysis in different age groups allows a better
understanding of the determinants of the human organism in health and
disease. Aim The study was aimed to conduct cross-sectional assessment of body composition
and selected nutritional indicators in healthy adults. Methods The cross-sectional study carried out from March 2016 to April 2018 was
preceded by a monthly pilot study. All 1333 adults (women 795, 59.6%) aged
20–59 included in the study were from the urban and rural area of the
Podkarpackie Province (Poland). These adults were classified into four
10-year age bands. To obtain reliable assessment, selected screening
(anthropometry) and in-depth (bioelectrical impedance including phase angle
and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis) methods were used. Results In women, the proportion of individuals affected by overweight and obesity
increases significantly with age, with a less pronounced trend in men, as
reflected in the observed differences in individual body composition
components. A slight (0.45–0.60) correlation was also observed between body
mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass (FM %) among men with an
increasing strength of the association with age, decreasing in the
50–59 years group. In the female group, the correlations described are at a
much higher level (0.80 or higher). The described changes in body
composition were reflected in body type from athletic to obese, measured by
means of the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) method. Conclusions Age and gender significantly differentiate body composition of the adult
human body. The body composition analysis should be considered as complement
screening assessment method, especially as a support for the assessment of
nutritional status expressed by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Więch
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Chmiel
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bazaliński
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Faculty of Management, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Sałacińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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26
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Scarpa G, Berrang-Ford L, Bawajeeh AO, Twesigomwe S, Kakwangire P, Peters R, Beer S, Williams G, Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Namanya DB, Lwasa S, Nowembabazi E, Kesande C, Rippin H, Cade JE. Developing an online food composition database for an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2455-2464. [PMID: 33843552 PMCID: PMC8145457 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an online food composition database of locally consumed foods among an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda. DESIGN Using a community-based approach and collaboration with local nutritionists, we collected a list of foods for inclusion in the database through focus group discussions, an individual dietary survey and markets and shops assessment. The food database was then created using seven steps: identification of foods for inclusion in the database; initial data cleaning and removal of duplicate items; linkage of foods to existing generic food composition tables; mapping and calculation of the nutrient content of recipes and foods; allocating portion sizes and accompanying foods; quality checks with local and international nutritionists; and translation into relevant local languages. SETTING Kanungu District, south-western Uganda. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-four participants, 36 Indigenous Batwa and 38 Bakiga, were randomly selected and interviewed to inform the development of a food list prior the construction of the food database. RESULTS We developed an online food database for south-western Uganda including 148 commonly consumed foods complete with values for 120 micronutrients and macronutrients. This was for use with the online dietary assessment tool myfood24. Of the locally reported foods included, 56 % (n 82 items) of the items were already available in the myfood24 database, while 25 % (n 37 items) were found in existing Ugandan and Tanzanian food databases, 18 % (n 27 items) came from generated recipes and 1 % (n 2 items) from food packaging labels. CONCLUSION Locally relevant food databases are sparse for African Indigenous communities. Here, we created a tool that can be used for assessing food intake and for tracking undernutrition among the communities living in Kanungu District. This will help to develop locally relevant food and nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scarpa
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Areej O Bawajeeh
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabastian Twesigomwe
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Paul Kakwangire
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Remco Peters
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Didacus B Namanya
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
- Ministry of Health, Uganda
| | - Shuaib Lwasa
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
- Department of Geography, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- The Global Center on Adaptation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester Nowembabazi
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Charity Kesande
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Holly Rippin
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD Office), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Janet E Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
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27
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Goode JP, Smith KJ, Kilpatrick M, Breslin M, Oddy WH, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Retrospectively Estimating Energy Intake and Misreporting From a Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire: An Example Using Australian Cohort and National Survey Data. Front Nutr 2021; 8:624305. [PMID: 33898495 PMCID: PMC8058357 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.624305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative food frequency questionnaires (Q-FFQ) omit portion size information from dietary assessment. This restricts researchers to consumption frequency data, limiting investigations of dietary composition (i.e., energy-adjusted intakes) and misreporting. To support such researchers, we provide an instructive example of Q-FFQ energy intake estimation that derives typical portion size information from a reference survey population and evaluates misreporting. A sample of 1,919 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study (CDAH) participants aged 26-36 years completed a 127-item Q-FFQ. We assumed sex-specific portion sizes for Q-FFQ items using 24-h dietary recall data from the 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) and compiled energy density values primarily using the Australian Food Composition Database. Total energy intake estimation was daily equivalent frequency × portion size (g) × energy density (kJ/g) for each Q-FFQ item, summed. We benchmarked energy intake estimates against a weighted sample of age-matched NNPAS respondents (n = 1,383). Median (interquartile range) energy intake was 9,400 (7,580-11,969) kJ/day in CDAH and 9,055 (6,916-11,825) kJ/day in weighted NNPAS. Median energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratios were 1.43 (1.15-1.78) in CDAH and 1.35 (1.03-1.74) in weighted NNPAS, indicating notable underreporting in both samples, with increased levels of underreporting among the overweight and obese. Using the Goldberg and predicted total energy expenditure methods for classifying misreporting, 65 and 41% of CDAH participants had acceptable/plausible energy intake estimates, respectively. Excluding suspected CDAH misreporters improved the plausibility of energy intake estimates, concordant with expected body weight associations. This process can assist researchers wanting an estimate of energy intake from a Q-FFQ and to evaluate misreporting, broadening the scope of diet-disease investigations that depend on consumption frequency data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Goode
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Monique Breslin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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28
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Timon CM, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney ER. Respondent Characteristics and Dietary Intake Data Collected Using Web-Based and Traditional Nutrition Surveillance Approaches: Comparison and Usability Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e22759. [PMID: 33825694 PMCID: PMC8060863 DOI: 10.2196/22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are many constraints to conducting national food consumption surveys for national nutrition surveillance, including cost, time, and participant burden. Validated web-based dietary assessment technologies offer a potential solution to many of these constraints. Objective This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a previously validated, web-based, 24-hour recall dietary assessment tool (Foodbook24) for nutrition surveillance by comparing the demographic characteristics and the quality of dietary intake data collected from a web-based cohort of participants in Ireland to those collected from the most recent Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). Methods Irish adult participants (aged ≥18 years) were recruited to use Foodbook24 (a web-based tool) between March and October 2016. Demographic and dietary intake (assessed by means of 2 nonconsecutive, self-administered, 24-hour recalls) data were collected using Foodbook24. Following the completion of the study, the dietary intake data collected from the web-based study were statistically weighted to represent the age-gender distribution of intakes reported in the NANS (2008-2010) to facilitate the controlled comparison of intake data. The demographic characteristics of the survey respondents were investigated using descriptive statistics. The controlled comparison of weighted mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the Foodbook24 web-based study (329 plausible reporters of a total of 545 reporters) and the mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the NANS (1051 plausible reporters from 1500 reporters) was completed using the Wilcoxon–Mann-Whitney U test in Creme Nutrition software. Results Differences between the demographic characteristics of the survey participants across the 2 surveys were observed. Notable differences included a lower proportion of adults aged ≥65 years and a higher proportion of females who participated in the web-based Foodbook24 study relative to the NANS study (P<.001). Similar ranges of mean daily intake for the majority of nutrients and food groups were observed (eg, energy [kilocalorie per day] and carbohydrate [gram per day]), although significant differences for some nutrients (eg, riboflavin [mg/10 MJ], P<.001 and vitamin B12 [µg/10 MJ], P<.001) and food groups were identified. A high proportion of participants (200/425, 47.1%) reported a willingness to continue using Foodbook24 for an additional 6 months. Conclusions These findings suggest that by using targeted recruitment strategies in the future to ensure the recruitment of a more representative sample, there is potential for web-based methodologies such as Foodbook24 to be used for nutrition surveillance efforts in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Timon
- Centre for eIntegrated Care, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Milman NT. Dietary Iron Intakes in Men in Europe Are Distinctly Above the Recommendations: A Review of 39 National Studies From 20 Countries in the Period 1995 - 2016. Gastroenterology Res 2020; 13:233-245. [PMID: 33447302 PMCID: PMC7781270 DOI: 10.14740/gr1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to assess whether dietary iron intake in men in Europe is in symphony with the dietary recommendations. A literature search of national dietary surveys reporting the intake of iron using PubMed, Google Scholar, National Nutrient Databases and previous literature on dietary reviews was performed. The subjects were men aged 18 - 70 years. A total of 39 national dietary surveys in 20 European countries in the period 1995 - 2016 were included. There were considerable differences between median/mean iron dietary intake in the 20 countries. Seven countries/regions, UK-Northern Ireland, UK-Wales, Sweden, Belgium, UK-Scotland, UK-England and Serbia reported median/mean iron intake ranging from 10.5 to 11.6 mg/day. Ten countries, Norway, Finland, Lithuania, Italy, Hungary, Portugal, The Netherlands, Denmark, Iceland and Austria reported iron intake from 12.0 to 13.5 mg/day. France, Germany, Ireland and Spain reported iron intake from 14.8 to 16.0 mg/day, while Poland and Slovakia reported the highest intake of 17.2 and 22.7 mg/day. In surveys from France and The Netherlands, intake of heme iron constituted 11% of total dietary iron intake. Nutrient density for iron, reported in five countries, varied from median 11.6 mg iron/10 MJ in Denmark to 16.0 in France. In all countries, the majority of men had a dietary iron intake markedly above a recommended intake of 9 mg/day. In Europe, 75-87% of men have a dietary iron intake above 9 mg/day. A high iron intake together with relatively high intakes of meat and alcohol contributes to a high iron status and a high frequency of body iron overload in many men. We need consensus on common European standardized dietary methods, uniform dietary reference values and uniform statistical methods to perform inter-country comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Thorm Milman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Naestved Hospital, University College Zealand, DK-4700 Naestved, Denmark.
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Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, de Morais IL, Sousa S, Casal S, Pinho O, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Street food in Eastern Europe: a perspective from an urban environment in Moldova. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1093-1101. [PMID: 32513318 PMCID: PMC7547890 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Street food is popular in Eastern Europe, but its diversity and nutritional value are unknown. This study aimed to characterise the street food environment in Chişinău, Moldova, including the vending sites and vendors, food availability and nutritional composition of foods and beverages. All street food vending sites (single point of sale) located in a 1-km buffer centred on the main public market were systematically selected (n 439; n 328 participants). Data on vending sites' characteristics (mobility, type of physical set-up and access to electricity), operating periods and food availability were collected. Samples of the most commonly available foods of unknown composition were collected (twenty-eight home-made and twenty-four industrial). Macronutrients, Na and K were quantified through chemical analysis. Fruits, beverages and food other than fruits were available in 2·5, 74·3 and 80·8 % of the vending sites, respectively. Among the latter, 66·4 % sold only industrial foods (e.g. pretzels, biscuits, wafers, chocolate and ice cream), 21·5 % only home-made (e.g. savoury and sweet pastries) and 12·1 % both. Home-made foods presented larger serving sizes and energy/serving (median kJ/serving: 1312·5 v. 670·3, P = 0·022); industrial foods were more energy-dense (median kJ/100 g: 1797·0 v. 1269·8, P = 0·002). High SFA, trans-fat and Na contents were found, reaching 10·9 g/serving, 1·4 g/serving and 773·7 mg/serving, respectively. Soft drinks and alcoholic beverages were available in 80·7 and 42·0 % of the vending sites selling beverages, respectively. Concluding, industrial snacks and home-made pastries high in Na and unhealthy fat were frequent in Chişinău. Prevention of diet-related diseases in Moldova may benefit from the improvement of the nutritional profile of street food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 4200-450Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Leontyevsky Pereulok, 125009Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
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Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:591-599. [PMID: 33143757 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High cost of nutritious foods and eating out of home (OH) might be barriers to healthy and sustainable diets. We examined adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), EAT-Lancet reference diet (EAT) and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the associations with dietary cost and eating OH. We evaluated cross-sectional data from single multiple-pass 24-h diet recalls from 289 young adults (18-24 years) in Tirana, Albania. Dietary cost (in Albanian Lek (ALL)) was estimated by matching food consumption data with retail prices from local fast-food chains, supermarkets, restaurants and food vendors. Poisson regression was fitted to models that included DASH, EAT and MDS as dependent variables to assess associations between healthy sustainable diet indicators and dietary cost and eating OH. Adjusted models were controlled for BMI, sex and total energy intake (kJ) using the residual method. Our findings indicate relatively poor adherence to healthy and sustainable dietary patterns among young men and women in Albania. Furthermore, better adherence to DASH, EAT or MDS was not associated with dietary cost (per 100 ALL; range incidence rate ratios (IRR): 0·97-1·00; all (un-)adjusted P > 0·05). Nonetheless, eating OH was related to lower adherence to DASH (IRR: 0·79; P = 0·003) and MDS (IRR: 0·69; P < 0·001). In conclusion, adherence to health and sustainable dietary patterns was poor and not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods (i.e. OH or at home). Further research on the potential public and environmental health effects of these findings is warranted in Albania.
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Djuric Z, Nikolic M, Zekovic M, Plegue M, Glibetic M. Association of meal timing with dietary quality in a Serbian population sample. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:45. [PMID: 33101702 PMCID: PMC7580008 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The world-wide adoption of Western lifestyles and eating patterns is associated with adverse effects on nutrient intakes. Here we evaluated the relationships between timing of meals and diet quality in Serbia, a Balkan country with a traditional eating pattern that includes the largest meal of the day as a late lunch. Methods A dietary survey was done in the Republic of Serbia using a nationally-representative sample of 74 children and 260 non-pregnant adults. Nutrient intakes were calculated from two 24-h recalls. A Dietary Quality Score (DQS) enumerated how many European Union (EU) Science Hub recommendations were met for fruit and vegetables, fiber, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar. We evaluated whether the timing of dietary intakes is associated with DQS and body mass index. Results The dietary intakes of children ages 10–17 and adults were similar and were high in total fat intake, with an average of 40% of energy from fat. Mean fruit and vegetable intakes of 473 g/day in adults exceeded the minimal EU recommendation. The most worrisome aspects of the Serbian diet were high intakes of saturated fat, sugar and sodium. Lunch was the meal with the highest mean content of energy, followed by breakfast and dinner, and the average time for lunch was 15:15. Consumption of a higher percentage of calories before 16:00 in adults was associated with higher fruit and vegetable intakes and with higher DQS. The subgroup of adults consuming their largest meal after 20:00 had a lower mean age, more men, and a larger percentage was employed outside of the home. There were no associations of meal timing with BMI, but the prevalence of obesity in this population sample was only 13%. Conclusions These results indicate that an earlier meal pattern, and especially consuming the largest meal of the day earlier in the day, was associated with better quality diets. Public health efforts are needed to preserve nutrient intakes as the population shifts away from the traditional Serbian eating pattern. Long-term, deterioration of nutrient intakes could contribute to the increasing rates of obesity that have been observed in Serbia and world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1213 USA
| | - Marina Nikolic
- Center for Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia.,Present Address: European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Zekovic
- Center for Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
| | - Melissa Plegue
- Department of Family Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1213 USA
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Center for Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
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Cheng Z, Shuai P, Qiao Q, Li T. Validity and reliability of a simplified food frequency questionnaire: a cross sectional study among physical health examination adults in southwest region of China. Nutr J 2020; 19:114. [PMID: 33023588 PMCID: PMC7541293 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, many people are regarded suitable for participating in regular physical examination for diagnosis and prevention of diseases. Some simplified food frequency questionnaires have been designed and used; however, the accuracy of the questionnaire is absent. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of simplified food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) used among adults undergoing physical examination in southwest region of China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among physical health examination adults in the Southwest region of China. A total of 239 participants aged 20–65 were included from February 2019 to June 2019. The performance of SFFQ was evaluated by means of a three-day 24-h dietary record (3R24). The relative validity and agreement was assessed by Pearson’s correlation and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results The median energy-adjusted ICC of food groups between SFFQ2 and SFFQ1 was 0.59 (range: 0.49–0.73) and the ICC of nutrients was 0.47(range: 0.39–0.76). The Pearson correlation showed a valid comparisons between SFFQ1 and 3R24, ranging from -0.086 to 0.93 for food and 0.21 to 0.71 for nutrition, respectively. The energy-adjustment slightly increased the correlation coefficients. Conclusions The reliability and validity of SFFQ was acceptable, and it could be an appropriate dietary assessment tool for the future epidemiological studies conducted among physical health examination adults of southwest China. Trial registration CHiCTR, ChiCTR1900020934, Registered 22 January 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35414&htm=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qichuan Qiao
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Tingxin Li
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China. .,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Albuquerque G, Lança de Morais I, Gelormini M, Sousa S, Casal S, Pinho O, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Macronutrient composition of street food in Central Asia: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5309-5320. [PMID: 33133534 PMCID: PMC7590326 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban areas in central Asia are currently undergoing nutrition transition. Street food is very popular, but the specific foods available and their nutritional composition are unknown. The aim was to describe the availability and macronutrient composition of street foods in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RESULTS Trained interviewers collected data on street food vending sites' characteristics and food availability (n = 596). Samples of the most commonly available foods and drinks were collected (n = 80 homemade; n = 40 industrial). Macronutrients were quantified through chemical analysis. Fruit, beverages, and food other than fruit were available in 4.0%, 61.7%, and 81.0% of the vending sites, respectively. Among those selling food other than fruit, 56.5% sold only homemade (e.g., bread, main dishes, snacks, pastries, sandwiches, and cakes), 23.3% both homemade and industrial and 20.2% only industrial foods (e.g., bread, snacks, pastries, cakes, and cookies). Homemade foods presented the highest energy/serving (median kcal/serving: 357 versus 145, p < .001). A high content in saturated and trans-fatty acids was observed in some homemade traditional dishes and snacks, reaching, respectively, 30.2 g/serving and 2.9 g/serving (in homemade manty, a traditional dish). Tea and soft drinks were available in over 50% of the vending sites selling beverages. CONCLUSION The high availability of street food in Bishkek highlights its importance for this urban population. Traditional snacks, dishes, and beverages coexist with more westernized products. The variability in energy, macronutrients, and lipid profile of homemade and industrial products reflects heterogeneous culinary practices and ingredients. Policies promoting the availability of healthy foods and ingredients should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life‐CourseWorld Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life‐CourseWorld Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit ‐ Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Susana Casal
- EPIUnit ‐ Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTELaboratório de Bromatologia e HidrologiaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTELaboratório de Bromatologia e HidrologiaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit ‐ Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade FísicaSaúde e LazerUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable DiseasesWHO Regional Office for EuropeMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit ‐ Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação MédicaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit ‐ Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Beckerman-Hsu JP, Kim R, Sharma S, Subramanian SV. Dietary Variation among Children Meeting and Not Meeting Minimum Dietary Diversity: An Empirical Investigation of Food Group Consumption Patterns among 73,036 Children in India. J Nutr 2020; 150:2818-2824. [PMID: 32805040 PMCID: PMC7762760 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is a widely used indicator of adequate dietary micronutrient density for children 6-23 mo old. MDD food-group data remain underutilized, despite their potential for further informing nutrition programs and policies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the diets of children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD in India using food group data, nationally and subnationally. METHODS Food group data for children 6-23 mo old (n = 73,036) from the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey in India were analyzed. Per WHO standards, children consuming ≥5 of the following food groups in the past day or night met MDD: breast milk; grains, roots, or tubers; legumes or nuts; dairy; flesh foods; eggs; vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; and other fruits and vegetables. Children not meeting MDD consumed <5 food groups. We analyzed the number and types of foods consumed by children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD at the national and subnational geographic levels. RESULTS Nationally, children not meeting MDD most often consumed breast milk (84.5%), grains, roots, and tubers (62.0%), and/or dairy (42.9%). Children meeting MDD most often consumed grains, roots, and tubers (97.6%), vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (93.8%), breast milk (84.1%), dairy (82.1%), other fruits and vegetables (79.5%), and/or eggs (56.5%). For children not meeting MDD, district-level dairy consumption varied the most (6.4%-79.9%), whereas flesh foods consumption varied the least (0.0%-43.8%). For children meeting MDD, district-level egg consumption varied the most (0.0%-100.0%), whereas grains, roots, and tubers consumption varied the least (66.8%-100.0%). CONCLUSIONS Children not meeting MDD had low fruit, vegetable, and protein-rich food consumption. Many children meeting MDD also had low protein-rich food consumption. Examining the number and types of foods consumed highlights priorities for children experiencing the greatest dietary deprivation, providing valuable complementary information to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rockli Kim
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Campbell M, Smith D, Baird J, Vogel C, Moon EG. A critical review of diet-related surveys in England, 1970-2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:66. [PMID: 32699631 PMCID: PMC7370528 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Many diet-related surveys have been conducted in England over the past four to five decades. Yet, diet-related ill-health is estimated to cost the NHS £5.8 billion annually. There has been no recent assessment of the diet-related surveys currently available in England. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by providing researchers, especially those interested in conducting secondary (quantitative) research on diet, with a detailed overview of the major repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys conducted in England over the last 48 years (1970–2018). Method A three-stage review process was used to identify and assess surveys and synthesise the information necessary for achieving the paper’s aim. Surveys were identified using the UK Data Service, Cohort and Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources (CLOSER), the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cohort Directory and the Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) online data repositories/directories. Surveys were summarised to include a brief background, the survey design and methodology used, variables captured, the target population, level of geography covered, the type of dietary assessment method(s) used, primary data users, data accessibility, availability and costs, as well as key survey features and considerations. Results The key considerations identified across the various surveys following the review include: the overall survey design and the different dietary assessment method(s) used in each survey; methodological changes and general inconsistencies in the type and quantity of diet-related questions posed across and within surveys over time; and differences in the level of geography and target groups captured. Conclusion It is highly unlikely that any survey dataset will meet all the needs of researchers. Nevertheless, researchers are encouraged to make good use of the secondary data currently available, in order to conduct the research necessary for the creation of more evidence-based diet-related policies and interventions in England. The review process used in this paper is one that can be easily replicated and one which future studies can use to update and expand upon to assist researchers in identifying the survey(s) most aligned to their research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Campbell
- University of Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Southampton, UK
| | - Dianna Smith
- University of Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Southampton, UK
| | - Janis Baird
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christina Vogel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emeritus Graham Moon
- University of Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Southampton, UK
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Rippin HL, Hutchinson J, Greenwood DC, Jewell J, Breda JJ, Martin A, Rippin DM, Schindler K, Rust P, Fagt S, Matthiessen J, Nurk E, Nelis K, Kukk M, Tapanainen H, Valsta L, Heuer T, Sarkadi-Nagy E, Bakacs M, Tazhibayev S, Sharmanov T, Spiroski I, Beukers M, van Rossum C, Ocke M, Lindroos AK, Warensjö Lemming E, Cade JE. Inequalities in education and national income are associated with poorer diet: Pooled analysis of individual participant data across 12 European countries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232447. [PMID: 32379781 PMCID: PMC7205203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition linked to noncommunicable diseases presents major health problems across Europe. The World Health Organisation encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys to obtain data to inform public health policies designed to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Methods Data on 27334 participants aged 19-64y were harmonised and pooled across national dietary survey datasets from 12 countries across the WHO European Region. Weighted mean nutrient intakes were age-standardised using the Eurostat 2013 European Standard Population. Associations between country-level Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and key nutrients and nutrient densities were investigated using linear regression. The potential mitigating influence of participant-level educational status was explored. Findings Higher GDP was positively associated with total sugar intake (5·0% energy for each 10% increase in GDP, 95% CI 0·6, 9·3). Scandinavian countries had the highest vitamin D intakes. Participants with higher educational status had better nutritional intakes, particularly within lower GDP countries. A 10% higher GDP was associated with lower total fat intakes (-0·2% energy, 95% CI -0·3, -0·1) and higher daily total folate intakes (14μg, 95% CI 12, 16) in higher educated individuals. Interpretation Lower income countries and lower education groups had poorer diet, particularly for micronutrients. We demonstrate for the first time that higher educational status appeared to have a mitigating effect on poorer diet in lower income countries. It illustrates the feasibility and value of harmonising national dietary survey data to inform European policy regarding access to healthy diets, particularly in disadvantaged groups. It specifically highlights the need for strong policies supporting nutritional intakes, prioritising lower education groups and lower income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - D. C. Greenwood
- Clinical and Population Science Department, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - J. Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. J. Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Martin
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. Rippin
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - K. Schindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Fagt
- National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - E. Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K. Nelis
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M. Kukk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - H. Tapanainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Valsta
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Sarkadi-Nagy
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition; Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Bakacs
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition; Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Tazhibayev
- Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - T. Sharmanov
- Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - I. Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - M. Beukers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C. van Rossum
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. Ocke
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A. K. Lindroos
- Livsmedelsverket Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - J. E. Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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Albalawi A, Hambly C, Speakman J. Associations of Food Outlet Densities with Obesity Measures Identify Fish and Chip Shops as a Uniquely Important Problem. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040890. [PMID: 32218120 PMCID: PMC7230371 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the number of food outlets have been proposed as a key factor driving obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between the densities of food establishments serving meals (excluding supermarkets and grocery stores), with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat among middle-aged adults in the UK. BMIs, WHR, %fat and socioeconomic factors were obtained from 456,079 individuals from the UK Biobank and averaged across 923 postcode districts (PD). The number of Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), delivery shops, takeaways, fish and chip shops, pubs and cafes were also obtained for each PD. We adjusted the obesity measures for deprivation level, education, employment, ethnicity, household size, household income and age. After adjustment, the density of fish and chip shops (per 1000 population) was positively associated with BMI and %fat for both sexes (males: BMI converted (exponentiated coefficient) β = 0.5, R2 = 4.14%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 0.8, R2 = 3.32%, p < 0.0001; females: BMI converted β = 0.9, R2 = 5.31%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 1.4 R2 = 4.65%, p < 0.0001). The densities of FFRs and delivery shops (per 1000 population) were not related to the adjusted obesity measures among males and females, except BMI in males where FFRs were significantly negatively associated. The densities (per 1000 population) of FSRs, pubs, cafes and total food outlets were all significantly inversely related to the obesity measures for both sexes. The number of fish and chip shops per 1000 individuals was significantly positively associated with obesity in middle-aged adults in the UK. A negative association between the other types of food outlet densities and the measures of obesity suggests access to such establishments is not a major driver of obesity. This is potentially because the food supplied at such establishments is not significantly less healthy than what is eaten elsewhere including at home (and may even be better). Paying attention only to fast food and/or full-service restaurants in intervention policy will likely not be effective. Policy intervention should potentially focus on the numbers of fish and chip shops and the deep-fried food served in such restaurants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Albalawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (A.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (A.A.); (C.H.)
| | - John Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (A.A.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Centre of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1224-272879
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39
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How does a simplified recipe collection procedure in dietary assessment tools affect the food group and nutrient intake distributions of the population. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:189-198. [PMID: 32174294 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Technology advancements have driven the use of self-administered dietary assessment methods in large-scale dietary surveys. Interviewer-assisted methods generally have a complicated recipe recording procedure enabling the adjustment from a standard recipe. In order to decide if this functionality can be omitted for self-administered dietary assessment, this study aimed to assess the extent of standard recipe modifications in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey and measure the impact on the food group and nutrient intake distributions of the population when the modifications were disregarded. A two-scenario simulation analysis was conducted. Firstly, the individual recipe scenario omitted the full modifications to the standard recipes made by people who knew their recipes. Secondly, the modified recipe scenario omitted the modifications made by those who partially modified the standard recipe due to their limited knowledge. The weighted percentage differences for the nutrient and food group intake distributions between the scenarios and the original data set were calculated. The highest percentage of energy consumed through mixed dishes was 10 % for females aged 19-79 years. Comparing the combined scenario and the original data set, the average of the absolute percentage difference for the population mean intakes was 1·6 % across all food groups and 0·6 % for nutrients. The soup group (-6·6 %) and DHA (-2·3 %) showed the largest percentage difference. The recipe simplification caused a slight underestimation of the consumed amount of both foods (-0·2 %) and nutrients (-0·4 %). These results are promising for developing self-administered 24-hour recalls or food diary applications without complex recipe function.
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40
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Rippin HL, Hutchinson J, Jewell J, Breda JJ, Cade JE. Assessing diet in European populations using national dietary surveys. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 31969200 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The WHO encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys (NDS) to inform preventative policies targeting malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases. Previous reviews have found inadequate nutrient intakes and survey provision across Europe. This research is the first to provide an updated review of NDS provision within the whole WHO European Region, across the lifecourse, with reference to disadvantaged groups, obesity and nutrients of concern. Over a third of WHO European countries, mainly Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), had no identifiable NDS. Where countries reported nutrient intakes, poor WHO recommended nutrient intake attainment was Europe-wide across the lifecourse, particularly in CEEC. Lower educated individuals had poorer diet quality. However, heterogeneity in age group sampled, dietary assessment method, nutrient composition database and under-reporting hindered inter-country comparisons. Average population trans fatty acid intakes below WHO recommended limits may hide inequalities in disadvantaged groups; legislative bans may help alleviate this. There were few associations between NDS-derived consumed food portion size (FPS) and BMI. However, consumed FPS was greater than on-pack serving-size in the majority of foods studied. This review illustrates how NDS can generate information on diet, nutrient intakes and the food environment. However, to enable valid inter-country comparisons, countries should be encouraged to conduct and report harmonised NDS, particularly in the age groups sampled, dietary assessment methodology, nutrient range, underpinning food composition database and treatment of under-reporters. This will aid effective, coordinated policy development that can have a real impact on dietary improvement, on a population and subgroup level, throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jayne Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jo Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 21000Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joao J Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 21000Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
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41
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Jones AC, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Beverage consumption and energy intake among Canadians: analyses of 2004 and 2015 national dietary intake data. Nutr J 2019; 18:60. [PMID: 31627756 PMCID: PMC6800499 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among adults and children consuming Western diets, beverages are significant sources of free sugars, saturated fats, excess calories, and alcohol, with relevance to chronic disease risk. The impact of recent healthy eating policies and beverage market evolutions on population-level consumption patterns in Canada is unknown. The current study examined trends in intake of a range of beverage types among a nationally-representative sample of Canadians, with stratification by socio-demographic characteristics. Methods The 2004 (n = 34,775) and 2015 (n = 20,176) nutrition-focused cycles of the Canadian Community Health Surveys are cross-sectional surveys representative of the population of the 10 Canadian provinces. Based on a single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall for each participant, fluids consumed as beverages were grouped into seven categories. Using linear regression, reported intake (volume, ml and energy, kcal) of each category was characterized over time and in relation to sex, age, ethnicity, income, body mass index (BMI), and province of residence. Results In 2015, Canadians reported consuming an average of 1806 ml (275 kcal) fluids as beverages per day, including: plain water 867 ml (0 kcal); other unsweetened beverages, e.g. coffee, 364 ml (6 kcal); sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) 204 ml (99 kcal); plain milk 132 ml (64 kcal); alcoholic drinks 120 ml (71 kcal); 100% juice 74 ml (34 kcal); and diet or low calorie beverages 44 ml (2 kcal). Differential consumption was observed across socio-demographic groups, with high consumption of sugary drinks (i.e., SSBs and 100% juice) and alcohol across groups. From 2004 to 2015, the reported volumes of beverages consumed decreased by 10% (energy: − 24%). With adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, there were significant changes (p < 0.001) over time in intake of: 100% juice − 40% (− 38%); plain milk − 37% (− 35%); SSBs − 26% (− 20%); diet or low calorie beverages (− 46%); and other unsweetened beverages − 11% (− 42%). The volume of plain water consumed increased by 10% (p < 0.0001). Intake of alcoholic (volume and energy) and diet or light beverages did not change significantly. Conclusions Lower intake of beverages was reported by Canadians in 2015 versus 2004, with a shift towards plain water. Consumption of sugary drinks decreased, but these beverages continue to contribute substantially to Canadians' overall energy intake. The findings underscore the need for policies to further reduce the consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages, as well as calories from beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Jones
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Newtown, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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42
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Saha S, Nordström J, Mattisson I, Nilsson PM, Gerdtham UG. Modelling the Effect of Compliance with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Mortality in the Nordic Countries. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061434. [PMID: 31242671 PMCID: PMC6627195 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to estimate the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases and diet-related cancers that could be prevented or delayed in the Nordic countries, i.e., Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Iceland, if adults adhere to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). A sex- and age-group specific epidemiological macro-simulation model was used to estimate the preventable deaths due to the differences between country specific actual intake and recommended intake of changes in food components. Data included in the model are a baseline scenario (actual dietary intake), a counterfactual scenario (recommended intake), and age-and sex-specific mortality for cardiovascular and diet-related cancer diseases, together with the total population risk of a specific year. Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 iterations were performed to produce the 95% uncertainty intervals. The model predicts that Iceland would benefit the most by adhering to the NNR, followed by Finland. In all the Nordic countries, the highest benefit would be achieved by adhering to the fruits and vegetable intakes, except Denmark, where a lower recommended intake of salt would provide the highest benefit. For men, fruits and vegetables could have saved more lives compared to other dietary components for all the Nordic countries, while for women, dietary fiber was the most prominent factor, except in Iceland. The Nordic Council should consider policies for promoting healthy eating according to the needs of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Saha
- Health Economics Unit, Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Lund University, SE-22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Nordström
- School of Economics and Management, Agrifood Economics Centre, Lund University, SE-22007 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Malmo), Lund University, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden.
| | - Ulf-G Gerdtham
- Health Economics Unit, Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Lund University, SE-22381 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Economics, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden.
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43
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Zhang L, Geelen A, Boshuizen HC, Ferreira J, Ocké MC. Importance of details in food descriptions in estimating population nutrient intake distributions. Nutr J 2019; 18:17. [PMID: 30876417 PMCID: PMC6419831 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National food consumption surveys are important policy instruments that could monitor food consumption of a certain population. To be used for multiple purposes, this type of survey usually collects comprehensive food information using dietary assessment methods like 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs). However, the collection and handling of such detailed information require tremendous efforts. We aimed to improve the efficiency of data collection and handling in 24HRs, by identifying less important characteristics of food descriptions (facets) and assessing the impact of disregarding them on energy and nutrient intake distributions. Methods In the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010, food consumption data were collected through interviewer-administered 24HRs using GloboDiet software in 3819 persons. Interviewers asked participants about the characteristics of each food item according to applicable facets. Food consumption data were subsequently linked to the food composition database. The importance of facets for predicting energy and each of the 33 nutrients was estimated using the random forest algorithm. Then a simulation study was performed to determine the influence of deleting less important facets on population nutrient intake distributions. Results We identified 35% facets as unimportant and deleted them from the total food consumption database. The majority (79.4%) of the percent difference between percentile estimates of the population nutrient intake distributions before and after facet deletion ranged from 0 to 1%, while 20% cases ranged from 1 to 5% and 0.6% cases more than 10%. Conclusion We concluded that our procedure was successful in identifying less important food descriptions in estimating population nutrient intake distributions. The reduction in food descriptions has the potential to reduce the time needed for conducting interviews and data handling while maintaining the data quality of the survey. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-019-0443-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzi Zhang
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Geelen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendriek C Boshuizen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - José Ferreira
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marga C Ocké
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. .,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
The WHO encourages national diet survey (NDS) implementation to obtain relevant data to inform policies addressing all forms of malnutrition, which remains a pressing issue throughout Europe. This paper provides an up-to-date review on energy, macro- and selected micronutrient intakes in children across WHO Europe using the latest available NDS intakes. It assesses these against WHO recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) to highlight vulnerable groups and areas of concern. Dietary survey information was gathered by Internet searches, contacting survey authors and nutrition experts. Survey characteristics, energy and nutrient intakes were extracted and weighted means calculated and presented by region. Child energy and nutrient intakes were extracted from twenty-one NDS across a third (n 18) of the fifty-three WHO Europe countries. Of these, 38 % (n 6) reported intakes by socio-economic group, but by various indicators. Energy and macronutrients, where boys and older children had higher intakes, were more widely reported than micronutrients. Most countries met under half of the WHO RNI for nutrients reported in their NDS. Micronutrient attainment was higher than macronutrients, but worst in girls and older children. Only a third, mainly Western, WHO European member states provided published data on child nutrient intakes. Gaps in provision mean that dietary inadequacies may go unidentified, preventing evidence-based policy formation. WHO RNI attainment was poor, particularly in girls and older children. Inconsistent age groups, dietary methodologies, nutrient composition databases and under-reporting hinder inter-country comparisons. Future efforts should encourage countries to conduct NDS in a standardised format by age and sociodemographic variables.
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45
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Llanaj E, Ádány R, Lachat C, D’Haese M. Examining food intake and eating out of home patterns among university students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197874. [PMID: 30296258 PMCID: PMC6175278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating out of home (OH) is increasingly popular in Balkan countries, among them Albania. To date there is only anecdotal evidence regarding nutritional quality of food consumed OH and the contribution to diet. This study assessed intake of foods and drinks consumed OH and at home (AH), as well as their nutritional contribution to the daily diet of university students in Tirana, Albania. Using a single day Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) 24-hour dietary recall, we examined food intake among 289 students aged 18–24 years old, from three major universities in Albania. Contribution of eating OH to total energy intake per day, as well as to daily consumption of macronutrients by eating OH intensity tertiles were assessed. Foods and drinks consumed OH contributed 46.9% [95%CI:41.4–52.8] of total daily energy intake, representing, on average, 1169.1kcal [95%CI:1088.3–1249.9]. Sweets, soft drinks and meat products were more frequently consumed OH, while fruits and vegetables consumption was extremely low. The average quantity of sugars and dietary fats per day was higher AH, 76.9g [95%CI:70.3–83.5] and 173.7g [95%CI:163.2–184.2] respectively, compared to OH, 33.7g [95%CI:30.4–37.0] and 142.0g [95%CI:131.5–152.5] respectively. Dietary composition of AH intake was richer in sugars, total fats and proteins, while OH intake was richer in saturated fats. The overall diet appeared unhealthy, when nutrients were assessed as energy percentage against WHO proposed nutrient standards for sugar and saturated fats. Eating OH, even though was associated with lower fruits and vegetables intake, was not clearly associated with poor diet quality, as AH foods were also characterized by increased saturated fats and sugars intake as energy percentage. This study provides data on the first assessment of current dietary patterns of the studied population and can be used as baseline for designing and conducting future studies and interventions targeting malnutrition in all its forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erand Llanaj
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijke D’Haese
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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