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Rubira L, Deshayes E, Santoro L, Kotzki PO, Fersing C. 225Ac-Labeled Somatostatin Analogs in the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Radiochemistry to Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041051. [PMID: 37111537 PMCID: PMC10146019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) represents a major therapeutic breakthrough in nuclear medicine, particularly since the introduction of 177Lu-radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. These radiopharmaceuticals have especially improved progression-free survival and quality of life in patients with inoperable metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors. In the case of aggressive or resistant disease, the use of somatostatin derivatives radiolabeled with an alpha-emitter could provide a promising alternative. Among the currently available alpha-emitting radioelements, actinium-225 has emerged as the most suitable candidate, especially regarding its physical and radiochemical properties. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical studies on these radiopharmaceuticals are still few and heterogeneous, despite the growing momentum for their future use on a larger scale. In this context, this report provides a comprehensive and extensive overview of the development of 225Ac-labeled somatostatin analogs; particular emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with the production of 225Ac, its physical and radiochemical properties, as well as the place of 225Ac-DOTATOC and 225Ac-DOTATATE in the management of patients with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Lore Santoro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Kotzki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Kálmán-Szabó I, Szabó JP, Arató V, Dénes N, Opposits G, Jószai I, Kertész I, Képes Z, Fekete A, Szikra D, Hajdu I, Trencsényi G. PET Probes for Preclinical Imaging of GRPR-Positive Prostate Cancer: Comparative Preclinical Study of [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-AMBA and [ 44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710061. [PMID: 36077458 PMCID: PMC9456106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) are overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). Since bombesin analogue aminobenzoic-acid (AMBA) binds to GRPR with high affinity, scandium-44 conjugated AMBA is a promising radiotracer in the PET diagnostics of GRPR positive tumors. Herein, the GRPR specificity of the newly synthetized [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA was investigated in vitro and in vivo applying PCa PC-3 xenograft. After the in-vitro assessment of receptor binding, PC-3 tumor-bearing mice were injected with [44Sc]Sc/[68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-AMBA (in blocking studies with bombesin) and in-vivo PET examinations were performed to determine the radiotracer uptake in standardized uptake values (SUV). 44Sc/68Ga-labelled NODAGA-AMBA was produced with high molar activity (approx. 20 GBq/µmoL) and excellent radiochemical purity. The in-vitro accumulation of [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA in PC-3 cells was approximately 25-fold higher than that of the control HaCaT cells. Relatively higher uptake was found in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo in the same tumor with the 44Sc-labelled probe compared to [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-AMBA. The GRPR specificity of [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA was confirmed by significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased %ID and SUV values in PC-3 tumors after bombesin pretreatment. The outstanding binding properties of the novel [44Sc]Sc-NODAGA-AMBA to GRPR outlines its potential to be a valuable radiotracer in the imaging of GRPR-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Kálmán-Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P. Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Noémi Dénes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jószai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Cai H, Wu X, Li L, Wu H, Tian R. New Frontiers in Molecular Imaging Using Peptide-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer. Front Chem 2020; 8:583309. [PMID: 33335885 PMCID: PMC7736158 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.583309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) increases the need for progress in its diagnosis, staging, and precise treatment. The overexpression of tumor-specific receptors for peptides in human cancer cells, such as gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor, and somatostatin receptor, has indicated the ideal molecular basis for targeted imaging and therapy. Targeting these receptors using radiolabeled peptides and analogs have been an essential topic on the current forefront of PCa studies. Radiolabeled peptides have been used to target receptors for molecular imaging in human PCa with high affinity and specificity. The radiolabeled peptides enable optimal quick elimination from blood and normal tissues, producing high contrast for positron emission computed tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging with high tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratios. Owing to their successful application in visualization, peptide derivatives with therapeutic radionuclides for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in PCa have been explored in recent years. These developments offer the promise of personalized, molecular medicine for individual patients. Hence, we review the preclinical and clinical literature in the past 20 years and focus on the newer developments of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Current State of Radiolabeled Heterobivalent Peptidic Ligands in Tumor Imaging and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080173. [PMID: 32751666 PMCID: PMC7465997 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, an approach emerged that combines different receptor-specific peptide radioligands able to bind different target structures on tumor cells concomitantly or separately. The reason for the growing interest in this special field of radiopharmaceutical development is rooted in the fact that bispecific peptide heterodimers can exhibit a strongly increased target cell avidity and specificity compared to their corresponding monospecific counterparts by being able to bind to two different target structures that are overexpressed on the cell surface of several malignancies. This increase of avidity is most pronounced in the case of concomitant binding of both peptides to their respective targets but is also observed in cases of heterogeneously expressed receptors within a tumor entity. Furthermore, the application of a radiolabeled heterobivalent agent can solve the ubiquitous problem of limited tumor visualization sensitivity caused by differential receptor expression on different tumor lesions. In this article, the concept of heterobivalent targeting and the general advantages of using radiolabeled bispecific peptidic ligands for tumor imaging or therapy as well as the influence of molecular design and the receptors on the tumor cell surface are explained, and an overview is given of the radiolabeled heterobivalent peptides described thus far.
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Li L, Kuo HT, Wang X, Merkens H, Colpo N, Radchenko V, Schaffer P, Lin KS, Bénard F, Orvig C. tBu 4octapa-alkyl-NHS for metalloradiopeptide preparation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7605-7619. [PMID: 32459231 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peptide is an important class of biological targeting molecule; herein, a new bifunctional octadentate non-macrocyclic H4octapa, tBu4octapa-alkyl-NHS, which is compatible with solid-phase peptide synthesis and thus useful for radiopeptide preparation, has been synthesized. To preserve denticity, the alkyl-N-hydroxylsuccinimide linker was covalently attached to the methylene-carbon on one of the acetate arms, yielding a chiral carbon center. According to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations using [Lu(octapa-alkyl-benzyl-ester)]- as a simulation model, the chirality has minimal effects on the complex geometry; regardless of the S-/R-stereochemistry, DFT calculations revealed two possible geometric isomers, distorted bicapped trigonal antiprism (DBTA) and distorted square antiprism (DSA), due to the asymmetry in the chelator. To evaluate the biological behavior of the new bifunctionalization, two well-studied PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-targeting peptidomimetics of varying hydrophobicity were chosen as proof-of-principle targeting vector molecules. Radiolabeling both bioconjugates with lutetium-177 was highly efficient at room temperature in 15 min at micromolar chelator concentration pH = 7. Both the in vitro serum challenge and the lanthanum(iii) challenge studies revealed complex lability, and notably, progressive bone accumulation was only observed with the more hydrophobic linker (i.e. H4octapa-alkyl-PSMA617). This in vivo result informs potential alterations exerted by the linker on the complex geometry and stability, with an appropriate biological targeting vector adopted for such evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Li
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada. and Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine has come a long way since 2007 when Adrian Nunn pointed out the approval of radiopharmaceuticals was at an all-time low with all the major radiopharmaceutical agents in use having been approved over 10 years ago. Challenges being the prohibitively high cost of drug development and the large number of drugs failing in clinical trials. Proceed to today where molecular imaging is fast-tracking the drug discovery process by reducing both the time and cost to screen candidates by quantitating the drugs effect on the target and toxicity to normal tissues. Nuclear medicine is now leading medical practice in personalized medicine using the theragnostic approach. Theragnostics is defined as the use of molecular diagnostic techniques in real time to stratify patients to guide treatment decisions such as the choice of drug, the dose of administration, and the timing of drug delivery for a given patient. Enabling visualization and quantitation of in vivo function of the whole body and thus patient heterogeneity and variability informs the physician on how to treat an individual patient. Recent successes such as the Food and Drug Administration approval of Lutathera and NETSPOT have resulted in an increasing number of pharmaceutical companies pursing theragnostics further heightened by the purchase of Advanced Accelerator Applications for 3.9 billion by Novartis and Endocyte, Inc for 2.1 billion. Theragnostics are further aiding drug development by showing which agents are most viable and reducing the overall cost of bringing a drug to clinical trials and regulatory approval. This is indeed a renaissance for nuclear medicine in which the acceptance of imaging to inform and monitor therapy has been embraced and even required by the Food and Drug Administration for the clinical evaluation of targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals showing there is indeed a viable business model for targeted theragnostic radiopharmaceuticals and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy S Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY.
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Ferro-Flores G, Ocampo-García B, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Santos-Cuevas C, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Azorín-Vega E, Meléndez-Alafort L. Radiolabeled Protein-inhibitor Peptides with Rapid Clinical Translation towards Imaging and Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:7032-7047. [PMID: 31870259 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191223121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein interactions are the basis for the biological functioning of human beings. However, many of these interactions are also responsible for diseases, including cancer. Synthetic inhibitors of protein interactions based on small molecules are widely investigated in medicinal chemistry. The development of radiolabeled protein-inhibitor peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy with quickstep towards clinical translation is an interesting and active research field in the radiopharmaceutical sciences. In this article, recent achievements concerning the design, translational research and theranostic applications of structurally-modified small radiopeptides, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors and antagonists of chemokine-4 receptor ligands (CXCR-4-L), with high affinity for cancer-associated target proteins, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
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[ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys 39-exendin-4, a potential GLP-1R targeted PET tracer for the detection of insulinoma. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 74-75:19-24. [PMID: 31450071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a kind of G protein coupled receptor which regulates the insulin secretion and serves as potential target in the diagnosis of functional pancreas neuroendocrine tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of GLP-1R targeted tracer [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 in the detection of insulinoma. METHODS NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 was synthesized and then radiolabeled with gallium-68 in iQS® Ga-68 Fluidic Labeling Module. The in vitro binding affinity and cell uptake studies were evaluated in INS-1 cells. The in vivo micro-PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed on INS-1 xenograft tumor models. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 can be efficiently radiolabelled with a yield of about 85% (non-decay corrected) and radiochemical purity of >95% with a favorable stability. The molar activity was at least 145.5 GBq/μmol. The affinity (IC50) for [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 was 12.99 ± 0.81 nM. Micro-PET/CT images showed intense tumor uptake with good contrast to background. Biodistribution study showed the predominant uptake was in the kidney, followed by pancreas, and the liver and spleen just showed mild uptake in the blood-pool phase with rapid clearance. At 1 h post- injection, the tumor to blood, muscle and pancreas ratios were 30.64, 40.21 and 6.46, respectively. Blocking studies showed significantly decreased tumor uptake, which further confirmed binding affinity of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 to GLP-1R. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 was easily synthesized with high yield, favorable biodistribution and high affinity to islet tumor cell, making the tracer may have great potential in the detection of GLP-1R positive tumor such as an insulinoma.
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Lejault P, Duskova K, Bernhard C, Valverde IE, Romieu A, Monchaud D. The Scope of Application of Macrocyclic Polyamines Beyond Metal Chelation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lejault
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Katerina Duskova
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Claire Bernhard
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Ibai E. Valverde
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - David Monchaud
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
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Kevadiya BD, Ottemann BM, Thomas MB, Mukadam I, Nigam S, McMillan J, Gorantla S, Bronich TK, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:252-289. [PMID: 30421721 PMCID: PMC6486471 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of neurotheranostics was forged to improve diagnostic and therapeutic clinical outcomes for neurological disorders. Research was facilitated, in largest measure, by the creation of pharmacologically effective multimodal pharmaceutical formulations. Deployment of neurotheranostic agents could revolutionize staging and improve nervous system disease therapeutic outcomes. However, obstacles in formulation design, drug loading and payload delivery still remain. These will certainly be aided by multidisciplinary basic research and clinical teams with pharmacology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and pharmaceutic expertise. When successful the end results will provide "optimal" therapeutic delivery platforms. The current report reviews an extensive body of knowledge of the natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of neurologic disease with an eye on how, when and under what circumstances neurotheranostics will soon be used as personalized medicines for a broad range of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brendan M Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saumya Nigam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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11
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From Carbon-11-Labeled Amino Acids to Peptides in Positron Emission Tomography: the Synthesis and Clinical Application. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:510-532. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Peng Y, Prater AR, Deutscher SL. Targeting aggressive prostate cancer-associated CD44v6 using phage display selected peptides. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86747-86768. [PMID: 29156833 PMCID: PMC5689723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a crucial need to identify new biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) including those associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). CD44v6, generated by alternative splicing of CD44, has been proposed as a CSC biomarker due to its correlation with aggressive PCa disease. We hypothesized that phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 may serve as theranostic agents for aggressive PCa. Here, a 15 amino acid peptide ("PFT") was identified by affinity selection against a peptide derived from the v6 region of CD44v6. Synthesized PFT exhibited specific binding to CD44v6 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 743.4 nM. PFT also bound CD44v6 highly expressed on human PCa cell lines. Further, an aggressive form of PCa cells (v6A3) was isolated and tagged by a novel CSC reporter vector. The v6A3 cells had a CSC-like phenotype including enriched CD44v6 expression, enhanced clonogenicity, resistance to chemotherapeutics, and generation of heterogeneous offspring. PFT exhibited preferential binding to v6A3 cells compared to parental cells. Immunohistofluorescence studies with human PCa tissue microarrays (TMA) indicated that PFT was highly accurate in detecting CD44v6-positive aggressive PCa cells, and staining positivity was significantly higher in late stage, metastatic and higher-grade samples. Taken together, this study provides for the first time phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 overexpressed on PCa cells. Peptide PFT may be explored as an aid in the diagnosis and therapy of advanced PCa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan L Deutscher
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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Oshima N, Akizawa H, Kitaura H, Kawashima H, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Nishijima KI, Kitamura Y, Arano Y, Kuge Y, Ohkura K. 111In-DTPA-d-Phe -1-Asp 0-d-Phe 1-octreotide exhibits higher tumor accumulation and lower renal radioactivity than 111In-DTPA-d-Phe 1-octreotide. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 54:18-26. [PMID: 28821003 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide scintigraphy is an important method of detecting neuroendocrine tumors. We previously reported that a new derivative of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide, 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide, accomplished the reduction of prolonged renal accumulation of radioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tumor accumulation of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide in vitro and in vivo by comparing it with 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide. METHODS The tumor accumulation of this octreotide derivative was determined by measuring its uptake using cultured AR42J cells in vitro and biodistribution studies in vivo. The distribution of the radiotracer and the extent of somatostatin receptor-specific uptake in the tumor were estimated by a counting method using AR42J tumor-bearing mice. The radioactive metabolite species in the tumor and kidney were identified by HPLC analyses at 3 and 24h post-injection of the 111In-DTPA-conjugated peptide. RESULTS In both cases, in vitro and in vivo, the tumor radioactivity levels of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide were approximately 2-4 times higher than those of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide. On in vitro cellular uptake inhibition and radioreceptor assay, 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide exhibited a binding affinity to somatostatin receptor highly similar to that of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide. As the additional cellular uptake of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide was significantly lower at low temperature than at 37°C, it was considered that a cellular uptake pathway is involved in energy-dependent endocytotic processes. In the radiometabolite analysis of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide, 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-Asp-OH was a major metabolite in the tumor at 24h post-injection. CONCLUSION 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-Asp0-d-Phe1-octreotide exhibited higher tumor accumulation and persistence of tumor radioactivity than 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide. We reasoned that this higher tumor accumulation would not be based on the receptor affinity but on a receptor-mediated endocytotic process involved in temperature-dependent cellular uptake. The present study demonstrated the great potential of the pharmaceutical development of a new radiolabeled peptide with high tumor accumulation and low renal radioactivity by the chemical modification of 111In-DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Oshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Akizawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hirotake Kitaura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Songji Zhao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yan Zhao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoji Kitamura
- Division of Tracer Kinetics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; Central Institute of Isotope Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kazue Ohkura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews recent developments in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) approaches directed to malignant liver lesions, bone metastases, neuroendocrine tumors, and castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer and discusses challenges and opportunities in this field. CONCLUSION TRT has been employed since the first radioiodine thyroid treatment almost 75 years ago. Progress in the understanding of the complex underlying biology of cancer and advances in radiochemistry science, multimodal imaging techniques including the concept of "see and treat" within the framework of theranostics, and universal traction with the notion of precision medicine have all contributed to a resurgence of TRT.
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Pratesi A, Ginanneschi M, Lumini M, Papini AM, Novellino E, Brancaccio D, Carotenuto A. DOTA-Derivatives of Octreotide Dicarba-Analogs with High Affinity for Somatostatin sst 2,5 Receptors. Front Chem 2017; 5:8. [PMID: 28286746 PMCID: PMC5324734 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is a valuable method for the visualization of human endocrine tumors and their metastases. In fact, peptide ligands of somatostatin receptors (sst's) conjugated with chelating agents are in clinical use. We have recently developed octreotide dicarba-analogs, which show interesting binding profiles at sst's. In this context, it was mandatory to explore the possibility that our analogs could maintain their activity also upon conjugation with DOTA. In this paper, we report and discuss the synthesis, binding affinity and conformational preferences of three DOTA-conjugated dicarba-analogs of octreotide. Interestingly, two conjugated analogs exhibited nanomolar affinities on sst2 and sst5 somatostatin receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence Firenze, Italy
| | - Mauro Ginanneschi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy; Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide & Protein Chemistry & Biology, University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy
| | - Marco Lumini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy; Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide & Protein Chemistry & Biology, University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy
| | - Anna M Papini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy; Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide & Protein Chemistry & Biology, University of FlorenceFirenze, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" Naples, Italy
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Kim K, Zhang H, La Rosa S, Jebiwott S, Desai P, Kimm S, Scherz A, O'Donoghue JA, Weber WA, Coleman JA. Bombesin Antagonist-Based Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer Combined with WST-11 Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3343-3351. [PMID: 28108545 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: DOTA-AR, a bombesin-antagonist peptide, has potential clinical application for targeted imaging and therapy in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr)-positive malignancies when conjugated with a radioisotope such as 90Y. This therapeutic potential is limited by the fast washout of the conjugates from the target tumors. WST-11 (Weizmann STeba-11 drug; a negatively charged water-soluble palladium-bacteriochlorophyll derivative, Tookad Soluble) vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a local ablation approach recently approved for use in early-stage prostate cancer. It generates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species within tumor blood vessels, resulting in their instantaneous destruction followed by rapid tumor necrosis. We hypothesize that the instantaneous arrest of tumor vasculature may provide a means to trap radiopharmaceuticals within the tumor, thereby improving the efficacy of targeted radiotherapy.Experimental Design: GRPr-positive prostate cancer xenografts (PC-3 and VCaP) were treated with 90Y-DOTA-AR with or without VTP. The uptake of radioisotopes was monitored by Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). The therapeutic efficacy of the combined VTP and 90Y-DOTA-AR in PC-3 xenografts was assessed.Results: CLI of 90Y-DOTA-AR demonstrated longer retention of radiotracer within the VTP-treated PC-3 xenografts compared with the non-VTP-treated ones (P < 0.05) at all time points (24-144 hours) after 90Y-DOTA-AR injection. A similar pattern of retention was observed in VCaP xenografts. When 90Y-DOTA-AR administration was combined with VTP, tumor growth delay was significantly longer than for the control or the monotherapy groups.Conclusions: Tumor vascular arrest by VTP improves 90Y-DOTA-AR retention in the tumor microenvironment thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3343-51. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Stephen La Rosa
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Sylvia Jebiwott
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Pooja Desai
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Simon Kimm
- Urology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Stanford, California
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Plant Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Services, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
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Abstract
Targeted cancer nanotherapeutics offers numerous opportunities for the selective uptake of toxic chemotherapies within tumors and cancer cells. The unique properties of nanoparticles, such as their small size, large surface-to-volume ratios, and the ability to achieve multivalency of targeting ligands on their surface, provide superior advantages for nanoparticle-based drug delivery to a variety of cancers. This review highlights various key concepts in the design of targeted nanotherapeutics for cancer therapy, and discusses physicochemical parameters affecting nanoparticle targeting, along with recent developments for cancer-targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Kaplinsky
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Liolios CC, Xanthopoulos S, Loudos G, Varvarigou AD, Sivolapenko GB. Co-administration of succinylated gelatine with a (99m)Tc-bombesin analogue, effects on pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:625-34. [PMID: 27497631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The bombesin analogue, [(99m)Tc-GGC]-(Ornithine)3-BN(2-14), (99m)Tc-BN-O, targeting gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPrs) on the surface of tumors, was pre-clinically investigated as potential imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In addition, the improvement of its pharmacokinetic profile (PK) was investigated through the co-administration of a succinylated gelatin plasma expander (Gelofusine), aiming to reduce its kidney accumulation and enhance its tumor-to-normal tissue contrast ratios. Biodistribution data were collected from normal mice and rats, and PC-3 tumor bearing mice, in reference to its PK, metabolism and tumor uptake. Imaging data were also collected from PC-3 tumor bearing mice. Biodistribution and imaging experiments showed that (99m)Tc-BN-O was able to efficiently localize the tumor (5.23 and 7.00% ID/g at 30 and 60min post injection, respectively), while at the same time it was rapidly cleared from the circulation through the kidneys. HPLC analysis of kidney samples, collected at 60min p.i. from normal mice and rats, showed that the majority of radioactivity detected was due to intact peptide i.e. 56% for mice and 73% for rats. Co-administration of (99m)Tc-BN-O with Gelo resulted in the reduction of kidney uptake in both animal models. The integrated area under the curve (AUC30-60 min) from the concentration-time plots of kidneys was decreased in both mice and rats by 25 and 50%, respectively. In PC-3 tumor bearing mice, an increase of tumor uptake (AUCtumor increased by 69%) was also observed with Gelo. An improvement in tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-normal tissue ratios was noted in all cases with the exception of the pancreas, which normally expresses GRPr. The results of this preclinical study may also be extended to other similar peptides, which are utilized in prostate cancer imaging and present similar PK profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Liolios
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety (I.N.RA.S.T.E.S.), NCSR "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece; Department of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety (I.N.RA.S.T.E.S.), NCSR "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - George Loudos
- Deparment of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institute, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra D Varvarigou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety (I.N.RA.S.T.E.S.), NCSR "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory B Sivolapenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Xu YP, Yang M. Advancement in treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with radiopharmaceuticals. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:165-172. [PMID: 26909131 PMCID: PMC4753167 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a major health problem. Conventional imaging modalities show limited accuracy for reliable assessment of the tumor. Recent researches suggest that molecular imaging techniques with tracers provide more biologically relevant information and are benefit for the diagnosis of the cancer. In addition, radiopharmaceuticals also play more important roles in treatment of the disease. This review summaries the advancement of the radiolabeled compounds in the theranostics of PC.
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20
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Wang Y, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Meza L, Tseng H, Takada Y, Ames JB, Lam KS. Optimization of RGD-Containing Cyclic Peptides against αvβ3 Integrin. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:232-40. [PMID: 26719578 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the use of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology to develop a disulfide cyclic, Arg-Gly-Asp-containing octapeptide LXW7 (cGRGDdvc), that targets αvβ3 integrin with high affinity and specificity. αvβ3 integrin is known to be overexpressed in many cancers and in tumor vasculature, and it has been established as a cancer therapeutic target. To further optimize LXW7, we have performed systematic structure-activity relationship studies. On the basis of the results, two highly focused OBOC peptide libraries were designed, synthesized, and screened against αvβ3 integrin-transfected K562 cells. One of the best ligands, LXW64, was found to have 6.6-fold higher binding affinity than LXW7, and showed preferential binding to cells expressing αvβ3 integrin. In addition to binding strongly to U-87MG glioblastoma cells in vitro, LXW64 also targets U-87MG xenografts implanted in nude mice, indicating that it is an excellent vehicle for the delivery of cytotoxic payload to tumors and tumor blood vessels that overexpress αvβ3 integrin. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 232-40. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Leah Meza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Harry Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California.
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Chen F, Zhu B, Pan D, Xu Y, Lin X, Yang R, Wang L, Yang M. PET imaging of prostate cancer with 18F-Al-NODA-MATBBN. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu C, Xu Q, Pan D, Xu Y, Liu P, Yang R, Wang L, Sun X, Luo S, Yang M. Prostate cancer imaging of FSHR antagonist modified with a hydrophilic linker. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:99-105. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Shineng Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
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23
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Samain F, Casi G. Small targeted cytotoxics from DNA-encoded chemical libraries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 26:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pourghiasian M, Liu Z, Pan J, Zhang Z, Colpo N, Lin KS, Perrin DM, Bénard F. 18F-AmBF3-MJ9: A novel radiofluorinated bombesin derivative for prostate cancer imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic tumor. Molecular imaging of FSHR is beneficial for prognosis and therapy of cancer. FSHβ(33-53) (YTRDLVYKDPARPKIQKTCTF), denoted as FSH1, is a FSHR antagonist. In the present study, maleimide-NOTA conjugate of FSH1 (NOTA-MAL-FSH1) was designed and labeled with [(18)F] aluminum fluoride. The resulting tracer, (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1, was preliminarily evaluated in PET imaging of FSHR-positive tumor. PROCEDURES NOTA-MAL-FSH1 was synthesized and radiolabeled with Al(18)F complex. The tumor-targeting potential and pharmacokinetic profile of the (18)F-labeled compound were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a PC3 human prostate tumor model. RESULTS (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 can be efficiently produced within 30 min with a non-decay-corrected yield of 48.6 ± 2.1 % and a radiochemical purity of more than 95 %. The specific activity was at least 30 GBq/μmol. The radiotracer was stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum for at least 2 h. The IC50 values of displacement (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 with FSH1 were 252 ± 1.12 nM. The PC3 human prostate tumor xenografts were clearly visible with high contrast after injection of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 via microPET. At 30, 60 and 120 min postinjection, the tumor uptakes were 2.98 ± 0.29 % injected dose (ID)/g, 2.53 ± 0.20 %ID/g and 1.36 ± 0.12 %ID/g, respectively. Dynamic PET scanning showed that tumor uptake reached a plateau by about 6 min. Heart peaked earlier and then cleared quickly. Biodistribution studies confirmed that the normal organs except kidney uptakes were all below 1 %ID/g at 1 h p.i. The tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratio at 10 min, 0.5, 1, and 2 h after injection were 1.64 ± 0.36, 2.97 ± 0.40, 9.31 ± 1.06, and 13.59 ± 2.33 and 7.05 ± 1.10, 10.10 ± 1.48, 16.17 ± 3.29, and 30.88 ± 4.67, respectively. The tracer was excreted mainly through the renal system, as evidenced by high levels of radioactivity in the kidneys. FSHR-binding specificity was also demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 after coinjection with an excess of unlabeled FSH1 peptide. CONCLUSION NOTA-MAL-FSH1 could be labeled rapidly and efficiently with (18)F using one step method. Favorable preclinical data suggest that (18)F-Al-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 may be a suitable radiotracer for the non-invasive visualization of FSHR positive tumor in vivo.
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Radiolabeled new somatostatin analogs conjugated to DOMA chelator used as targeted tumor imaging agent: synthesis and radiobiological evaluation. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1135-53. [PMID: 25743164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several receptor-specific radiopeptides have been developed and effective in the diagnosis of malignant diseases. Among them, somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy with (111)In-DTPA-octreotide has become a tumor diagnostic radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. However, it suffers some drawbacks concerning the imaging properties and elevated radiation burden of (111)In. Here, we report the synthesis of radiolabeled two new octapeptides with improved uptake in SSTR2-positive tumors in comparison with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide (HYNIC-TOC). Octapeptides were synthesized in high yield by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis and coupling the macrocyclic chelator DOMA(1,4,7-Tri-Boc-10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazocyclododecane-1-yl-monoacetic acid) to these peptides for (99m)Tc labeling. New peptides DOMA-Asn(3)-octreotate(DOMA-AATE) and DOMA-Pro(3)-octreotate(DOMA-PATE) were purified, characterized by RP-HPLC, MALDI-mass, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR. Labeling was performed by SnCl2 method to get products with excellent radiochemical purity (97 %). Radiopeptides were found to be substantially stable under physiological condition for 24 h. Internalization and receptor-binding studies were determined in somatostatin receptor-expressing C6-glioma cell line and rat brain cortex membrane and the results compared with HYNIC-TOC as standard. The IC50 values of (99m)Tc-DOMA-AATE(1.10 ± 0.48 nM) and (99m)Tc-DOMA-PATE(1.76 ± 0.06 nM) showed high affinity binding for SSTR2 receptor and they internalized rapidly in C6 cells. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in C6 tumor-bearing rat under gamma camera showing significant uptake in kidney, urine and C6 tumor. Radiopeptides exhibited fast blood clearance and rapid elimination through the urinary systems. However, (99m)Tc-DOMA-AATE exhibited the highest tumor to muscle and tumor to blood uptake ratios among three. These favorable characteristics validate (99m)Tc-DOMA-AATE as a more promising (99m)Tc-radiotracer than (99m)Tc-DOMA-PATE, (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC for SSTR2-positive tumor scintigraphy.
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Richter S, Wuest M, Bergman CN, Way JD, Krieger S, Rogers BE, Wuest F. Rerouting the metabolic pathway of (18)F-labeled peptides: the influence of prosthetic groups. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:201-12. [PMID: 25572982 DOI: 10.1021/bc500599m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Current translational cancer research is directed to the development of high affinity peptide ligands for targeting neuropeptide receptors overexpressed in different types of cancer. Besides their desired high binding affinity to the receptor, the suitability of radiolabeled peptides as targeting vectors for molecular imaging and therapy depends on additional aspects such as high tumor-to-background ratio, favorable clearance pattern from nontarget tissue, and sufficient metabolic stability in vivo. This study reports how a switch from the prosthetic group, N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB), to 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) effects the metabolic pathway of an (18)F-labeled bombesin derivative, QWAV-Sar-H-FA01010-Tle-NH2. (18)F-Labeled bombesin derivatives represent potent peptide ligands for selective targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor-expressing prostate cancer. Radiosynthesis of (18)F-labeled bombesin analogues [(18)F]FBz-Ava-BBN2 and [(18)F]FDG-AOAc-BBN2 was achieved in good radiochemical yields of ~50% at a specific activity exceeding 40 GBq/μmol. Both nonradioactive compounds FBz-Ava-BBN2 and FDG-AOAc-BBN2 inhibited binding of [(125)I]Tyr(4)-bombesin(1-14) in PC3 cells with IC50 values of 9 and 16 nM, respectively, indicating high inhibitory potency. Influence of each prosthetic group was further investigated in PC3 mouse xenografts using dynamic small animal PET imaging. In comparison to [(18)F]FBz-Ava-BBN2, total tumor uptake levels were doubled after injection of [(18)F]FDG-AOAc-BBN2 while renal elimination was increased. Blood clearance and in vivo metabolic stability were similar for both compounds. The switch from [(18)F]SFB to [(18)F]FDG as the prosthetic group led to a significant reduction in lipophilicity which resulted in more favorable renal clearance and increased tumor uptake. The presented single step radiolabeling-glycosylation approach represents an innovative strategy for site-directed peptide labeling with the short-lived positron emitter (18)F while providing a favorable pharmacokinetic profile of (18)F-labeled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2X4, Canada
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Wilks MQ, Knowles SM, Wu AM, Huang SC. Improved modeling of in vivo kinetics of slowly diffusing radiotracers for tumor imaging. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1539-44. [PMID: 24994929 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.140038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Large-molecule tracers, such as labeled antibodies, have shown success in immuno-PET for imaging of specific cell surface biomarkers. However, previous work has shown that localization of such tracers shows high levels of heterogeneity in target tissues, due to both the slow diffusion and the high affinity of these compounds. In this work, we investigate the effects of subvoxel spatial heterogeneity on measured time-activity curves in PET imaging and the effects of ignoring diffusion limitation on parameter estimates from kinetic modeling. METHODS Partial differential equations (PDE) were built to model a radially symmetric reaction-diffusion equation describing the activity of immuno-PET tracers. The effects of slower diffusion on measured time-activity curves and parameter estimates were measured in silico, and a modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with Bayesian priors was developed to accurately estimate parameters from diffusion-limited data. This algorithm was applied to immuno-PET data of mice implanted with prostate stem cell antigen-overexpressing tumors and injected with (124)I-labeled A11 anti-prostate stem cell antigen minibody. RESULTS Slow diffusion of tracers in linear binding models resulted in heterogeneous localization in silico but no measurable differences in time-activity curves. For more realistic saturable binding models, measured time-activity curves were strongly dependent on diffusion rates of the tracers. Fitting diffusion-limited data with regular compartmental models led to parameter estimate bias in an excess of 1,000% of true values, while the new model and fitting protocol could accurately measure kinetics in silico. In vivo imaging data were also fit well by the new PDE model, with estimates of the dissociation constant (Kd) and receptor density close to in vitro measurements and with order of magnitude differences from a regular compartmental model ignoring tracer diffusion limitation. CONCLUSION Heterogeneous localization of large, high-affinity compounds can lead to large differences in measured time-activity curves in immuno-PET imaging, and ignoring diffusion limitations can lead to large errors in kinetic parameter estimates. Modeling of these systems with PDE models with Bayesian priors is necessary for quantitative in vivo measurements of kinetics of slow-diffusion tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Q Wilks
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott M Knowles
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Xu Y, Pan D, Xu Q, Zhu C, Wang L, Chen F, Yang R, Luo S, Yang M. Insulinoma imaging with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor targeting probe (18)F-FBEM-Cys (39)-exendin-4. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1479-88. [PMID: 24838847 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a specific target for insulinomas imaging since it is overexpressed in the tumor. Exendin-4 exhibits high affinity for the GLP-1R. In this study, a novel (18)F-labeled exendin-4 analog, (18)F-FBEM-Cys(39)-exendin-4, was synthesized and its potentials for GLP-1R imaging were also evaluated. METHODS (18)F-FBEM was synthesized by coupling (18)F-fluorobenzoic acid ((18)F-FBA) with N-(2-aminoethyl) maleimide, and the reaction conditions were optimized. Cys(39)-exendin-4 was then conjugated with (18)F-FBEM to obtain (18)F-FBEM-Cys(39)-exendin-4. The GLP-1R targeting potential and pharmacokinetic profile of the tracer were analyzed in INS-1 insulinoma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor model, respectively. RESULTS Under the optimal conditions, the yield of radiolabeled (18)F-FBEM was 49.1 ± 2.0 % (based on (18)F-FBA, non-decay corrected). The yield of (18)F-FBEM-Cys(39)-exendin-4 was 35.1 ± 2.6 % (based on the starting (18)F-FBEM, non-decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of (18)F-FBEM-Cys(39)-exendin-4 is >95 %, and the specific activity was at least 35 GBq/μmol. The GLP-1R-positive INS-1 insulinoma xenograft was clearly visible with good contrast to background, whereas GLP-1R-negative MDA-MB435 breast tumor was barely visible. Low levels of radioactivity were also detected at pancreas and lungs due to few GLP-1R expressions. GLP-1R binding specificity was demonstrated by reduced INS-1 tumor uptake of the tracer after coinjection with an excess of unlabeled Cys(39)-exendin-4 at 1 h postinjection. CONCLUSION The thiol-reactive reagent, (18)F-FBEM, was prepared with high yield and successfully conjugated to Cys(39)-exendin-4. Favorable preclinical data showing specific and effective tumor targeting by (18)F-FBEM-Cys(39)-exendin-4 suggest that the tracer may be a potential probe for insulinomas imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China,
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Pan D, Yan Y, Yang R, Xu YP, Chen F, Wang L, Luo S, Yang M. PET imaging of prostate tumors with 18F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:342-8. [PMID: 24729577 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in prostate cancer provides a promising target for detection the disease. MATBBN is a new bombesin analog originating from the GRPR antagonists with a hydrophilic linker. In this study NOTA-conjugated MATBBN was labeled by the Al(18)F method and the potential of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN for prostate tumor PET imaging was also evaluated. NOTA-MATBBN was radiolabeled with (18) F using Al(18)F complexes. Partition coefficient, in vitro stability and GRPR binding affinity were also determined. PET studies were performed with (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice. (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN can be produced within 30 min with a decay-corrected yield of 62.5 ± 2.1% and a radiochemical purity of >98%. The logP octanol-water value for the Al(18)F-labeled BBN analog was -2.40 ± 0.07 and the radiotracer was stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum for 2 h. The IC50 values of displacement for the (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN with MATBBN was 126.9 ± 2.75 nm. The PC-3 tumors were clearly visible with high contrast after injection of the labeled peptide. At 60 min post-injection, the tumor uptakes for (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN and (18)F-FDG were 4.59 ± 0.43 and 1.98 ± 0.35% injected dose/g, and tumor to muscle uptake radios for two tracers were 6.77 ± 1.10 and 1.78 ± 0.32, respectively. Dynamic PET revealed that (18) F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN was excreted mainly through the kidneys. GRPR-binding specificity was also demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN after coinjection with excess unlabeled MATBBN peptide at 1 h post-injection. NOTA- MATBBN could be labeled rapidly with (18)F using one step method. (18)F-Al-NOTA-MATBBN may be a promising PET imaging agent for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
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Notni J, Šimeček J, Wester HJ. Phosphinic Acid Functionalized Polyazacycloalkane Chelators for Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapeutics: Unique Characteristics and Applications. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1107-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pan D, Xu YP, Yang RH, Wang L, Chen F, Luo S, Yang M, Yan Y. A new (68)Ga-labeled BBN peptide with a hydrophilic linker for GRPR-targeted tumor imaging. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1481-9. [PMID: 24633452 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin (BBN) is a peptide exhibiting high affinity for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), which is overexpressed on several types of cancers. Various GRPR antagonists and agonists have been labeled with radiometals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of GRPR-positive tumors. However, unfavorable hepatobiliary excretion such as high intestinal activity may prohibit their clinical utility for imaging abdominal cancer. In this study, the modified BBN peptide with a new hydrophilic linker was labeled with (68)Ga for PET imaging of GRPR-expressing PC-3 prostate cancer xenograft model. GRPR antagonists, MATBBN (Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3) and ATBBN (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3), were conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononanetriacetic acid (NOTA) and labeled with (68)Ga. Partition coefficient and in vitro stability were also determined. GRPR binding affinity of both tracers was investigated by competitive radioligand binding assay. The in vivo receptor targeting potential and pharmacokinetic of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN were also evaluated in PC-3 prostate tumor model and compared with those of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN. NOTA-conjugated BBN analogs were labeled with (68)Ga within 20 min with a decay-corrected yield ranging from 90 to 95 % and a radiochemical purity of more than 98 %. The specific activity of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN and (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN was at least 16.5 and 11.9 GBq/μmol, respectively. The radiotracers were stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum. (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN was more hydrophilic than (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN, as indicated by their log P values (-2.73 ± 0.02 vs. -1.20 ± 0.03). The IC50 values of NOTA-ATBBN and NOTA-MATBBN were similar (102.7 ± 1.18 and 124.6 ± 1.21 nM). The accumulation of (68)Ga-labeled GRPR antagonists in the subcutaneous PC-3 tumors could be visualized via small animal PET. The tumors were clearly visible, and the tumor uptakes of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN and (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN were determined to be 4.19 ± 0.32, 4.00 ± 0.41, 2.93 ± 0.35 and 4.70 ± 0.40, 4.10 ± 0.30, 3.14 ± 0.30 %ID/g at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively. There was considerable accumulation and retention of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN in the liver and intestines. In contrast, the abdominal area does not have much retention of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN. Biodistribution data were in accordance with the PET results, showing that (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN had more favorable pharmacokinetics and higher tumor to background ratios than those of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN. At 1 h postinjection, the tumor to liver and intestine of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN were 8.05 ± 0.56 and 21.72 ± 3.47 and the corresponding values of unmodified counterpart were 0.85 ± 0.23 and 3.45 ± 0.43, respectively. GRPR binding specificity was demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of radiolabeled tracers after coinjection of an excess of unlabeled BBN peptides. (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN exhibited GRPR-targeting properties both in vitro and in vivo. The favorable characterizations of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN such as convenient synthesis, specific GRPR targeting, high tumor uptake, and satisfactory pharmacokinetics warrant its further investigation for clinical cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
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Fahey F, Zukotynski K, Capala J, Knight N. Targeted radionuclide therapy: proceedings of a joint workshop hosted by the National Cancer Institute and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:337-48. [PMID: 24396032 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Fahey
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Velikyan I. Prospective of ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceutical development. Theranostics 2013; 4:47-80. [PMID: 24396515 PMCID: PMC3881227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) experienced accelerated development and has become an established method for medical research and clinical routine diagnostics on patient individualized basis. Development and availability of new radiopharmaceuticals specific for particular diseases is one of the driving forces of the expansion of clinical PET. The future development of the ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals must be put in the context of several aspects such as role of PET in nuclear medicine, unmet medical needs, identification of new biomarkers, targets and corresponding ligands, production and availability of ⁶⁸Ga, automation of the radiopharmaceutical production, progress of positron emission tomography technologies and image analysis methodologies for improved quantitation accuracy, PET radiopharmaceutical regulations as well as advances in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The review presents the prospects of the ⁶⁸Ga-based radiopharmaceutical development on the basis of the current status of these aspects as well as wide range and variety of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- 1. Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden
- 2. PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- 3. Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, SE-75285 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bergmann R, Ruffani A, Graham B, Spiccia L, Steinbach J, Pietzsch J, Stephan H. Synthesis and radiopharmacological evaluation of 64Cu-labeled bombesin analogs featuring a bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane chelator. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:434-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu Y, Hu X, Liu H, Bu L, Ma X, Cheng K, Li J, Tian M, Zhang H, Cheng Z. A comparative study of radiolabeled bombesin analogs for the PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2132-8. [PMID: 24198391 PMCID: PMC4215198 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radiolabeled bombesin (BBN) analogs that bind to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) represent a topic of active investigation for the development of molecular probes for PET or SPECT of prostate cancer (PCa). RM1 and AMBA have been identified as the 2 most promising BBN peptides for GRPR-targeted cancer imaging and therapy. In this study, to develop a clinically translatable BBN-based PET probe, we synthesized and evaluated (18)F-AlF- (aluminum-fluoride) and (64)Cu-radiolabeled RM1 and AMBA analogs for their potential application in PET imaging of PCa. METHODS 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1-glutaric acid-4,7 acetic acid (NODAGA)-conjugated RM1 and AMBA were synthesized and tested for their GRPR-binding affinities. The NODAGA-RM1 and NODAGA-AMBA probes were further radiolabeled with (64)Cu or (18)F-AlF and then evaluated in a subcutaneous PCa xenograft model (PC3) by small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution studies. RESULTS NODAGA-RM1 and NODAGA-AMBA can be successfully synthesized and radiolabeled with (64)Cu and (18)F-AlF. (64)Cu- and (18)F-AlF-labeled NODAGA-RM1 demonstrated excellent serum stability and tumor-imaging properties in the in vitro stability assays and in vivo imaging studies. (64)Cu-NODAGA-RM1 exhibited tumor uptake values of 3.3 ± 0.38, 3.0 ± 0.76, and 3.5 ± 1.0 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 0.5, 1.5, and 4 h after injection, respectively. (18)F-AlF-NODAGA-RM1 exhibited tumor uptake values of 4.6 ± 1.5, 4.0 ± 0.87, and 3.9 ± 0.48 %ID/g at 0.5, 1, and 2 h, respectively. CONCLUSION The high-stability, efficient tumor uptake and optimal pharmacokinetic properties highlight (18)F-AlF-NODAGA-RM1 as a probe with great potential and clinical application for the PET imaging of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Center of Excellence in Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang State, Hangzhou, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xiang Hu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lihong Bu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jinbo Li
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Center of Excellence in Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang State, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Center of Excellence in Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang State, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Durymanov MO, Sobolev AS. Malignant melanoma and melanocortin 1 receptor. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2013; 78:1228-37. [PMID: 24460937 PMCID: PMC4064721 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The conventional chemotherapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma still remains poorly efficient in most cases. Thus the use of specific features of these tumors for development of new therapeutic modalities is highly needed. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) overexpression on the cell surface of the vast majority of human melanomas, making MC1R a valuable marker of these tumors, is one of these features. Naturally, MC1R plays a key role in skin protection against damaging ultraviolet radiation by regulating eumelanin production. MC1R activation is involved in regulation of melanocyte cell division. This article reviews the peculiarities of regulation and expression of MC1R, melanocytes, and melanoma cells, along with the possible connection of MC1R with signaling pathways regulating proliferation of tumor cells. MC1R is a cell surface endocytic receptor, thus considered perspective for diagnostics and targeted drug delivery. A number of new therapeutic approaches that utilize MC1R, including endoradiotherapy with Auger electron and α- and β-particle emitters, photodynamic therapy, and gene therapy are now being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (499) 135-4105
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (495) 939-4309;
- Targeted Delivery of Pharmaceuticals “Translek” LLC, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - T. A. Slastnikova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (499) 135-4105
| | - M. O. Durymanov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (499) 135-4105
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (495) 939-4309;
| | - A. S. Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (499) 135-4105
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; fax: +7 (495) 939-4309;
- Targeted Delivery of Pharmaceuticals “Translek” LLC, ul. Vavilova 34/5, 199334 Moscow, Russia;
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Microfluidics for synthesis of peptide-based PET tracers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:839683. [PMID: 24288688 PMCID: PMC3833028 DOI: 10.1155/2013/839683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful noninvasive tool for acquisition of the physiological parameters in human and animals with the help of PET tracers. Among all the PET tracers, radiolabeled peptides have been widely explored for cancer-related receptor imaging due to their high affinity and specificity to receptors. But radiochemistry procedures for production of peptide-based PET tracers are usually complex, which makes large-scale clinical studies relatively challenging. New radiolabeling technologies which could simplify synthesis and purification procedures, are extremely needed. Over the last decade, microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology have boomed as powerful tools in the field of organic chemistry, which potentially provide significant help to the PET chemistry. In this minireview, microfluidic radiolabeling technology is described and its application for synthesis of peptide-based PET tracers is summarized and discussed.
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Alexander-Bryant AA, Vanden Berg-Foels WS, Wen X. Bioengineering strategies for designing targeted cancer therapies. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:1-59. [PMID: 23768509 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The goals of bioengineering strategies for targeted cancer therapies are (1) to deliver a high dose of an anticancer drug directly to a cancer tumor, (2) to enhance drug uptake by malignant cells, and (3) to minimize drug uptake by nonmalignant cells. Effective cancer-targeting therapies will require both passive- and active-targeting strategies and a thorough understanding of physiologic barriers to targeted drug delivery. Designing a targeted therapy includes the selection and optimization of a nanoparticle delivery vehicle for passive accumulation in tumors, a targeting moiety for active receptor-mediated uptake, and stimuli-responsive polymers for control of drug release. The future direction of cancer targeting is a combinatorial approach, in which targeting therapies are designed to use multiple-targeting strategies. The combinatorial approach will enable combination therapy for delivery of multiple drugs and dual ligand targeting to improve targeting specificity. Targeted cancer treatments in development and the new combinatorial approaches show promise for improving targeted anticancer drug delivery and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Alexander-Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy S Vanden Berg-Foels
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Hanyu M, Takada Y, Hashimoto H, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, Fukumura T. Carbon-11 radiolabeling of an oligopeptide containing tryptophan hydrochloride via a Pictet-Spengler reaction using carbon-11 formaldehyde. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:663-8. [PMID: 23946162 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for the synthesis of a(11)C-labeled oligopeptide containing [1-(11)C]1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ([1-(11)C]Tpi) from the corresponding Trp•HCl-containing peptides has been developed involving a Pictet-Spengler reaction with [(11) C]formaldehyde. The synthesis of [1-(11)C]Tpi from Trp and [(11)C]formaldehyde was examined as a model reaction with the aim of developing a facile and effective method for the labeling of peptides with carbon-11. The Pictet-Spengler reaction of Trp and [(11)C]formaldehyde in acidic media (TsOH or HCl) afforded the desired [1-(11)C]Tpi in a moderate radiochemical yield. Herein, the application of a Pictet-Spengler reaction to an aqueous solution of Trp•HCl gave the desired product with a radiochemical yield of 45.2%. The RGD peptide cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys] was then selected as a substrate for the labeling reaction with [(11)C]formaldehyde. The radiolabeling of a Trp•HCl-containing RGD peptide using the Pictet-Spengler reaction was successful. Furthermore, the remote-controlled synthesis of a [1-(11)C]Tpi-containing RGD peptide was attempted by using an automatic production system to generate [(11)C]CH3 I. The radiochemical yield of the [1-(11) C]Tpi-containing RGD at the end of synthesis (EOS) was 5.9 ± 1.9% (n = 4), for a total synthesis time of about 35 min. The specific activity was 85.7 ± 9.4 GBq/µmol at the EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hanyu
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Jamous M, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Synthesis of peptide radiopharmaceuticals for the therapy and diagnosis of tumor diseases. Molecules 2013; 18:3379-409. [PMID: 23493103 PMCID: PMC6269889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in molecular biology and biochemistry, the prognosis of patients suffering from tumor diseases remains poor. The limited therapeutic success can be explained by the insufficient performance of the common chemotherapeutic drugs that lack the ability to specifically target tumor tissues. Recently peptide radiopharmaceuticals have been developed that enable the concurrent imaging and therapy of tumors expressing a specific target. Here, with a special emphasis on the synthesis of the building blocks required for the complexation of metallic radioisotopes, the requirements to the design and synthesis of radiolabeled peptides for clinical applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Mier
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-7720; Fax: +49-6221-65-33629
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Banerjee SR, Pomper MG. Clinical applications of Gallium-68. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 76:2-13. [PMID: 23522791 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-68 is a positron-emitting radioisotope that is produced from a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator. As such it is conveniently used, decoupling radiopharmacies from the need for a cyclotron on site. Gallium-68-labeled peptides have been recognized as a new class of radiopharmaceuticals showing fast target localization and blood clearance. (68)Ga-DOTATOC, (8)Ga-DOTATATE, (68)Ga-DOTANOC, are the most prominent radiopharmaceuticals currently in use for imaging and differentiating lesions of various somatostatin receptor subtypes, overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors. There has been a tremendous increase in the number of clinical studies with (68)Ga over the past few years around the world, including within the United States. An estimated ∼10,000 scans are being performed yearly in Europe at about 100 centers utilizing (68)Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs within clinical trials. Two academic sites within the US have also begun to undertake human studies. This review will focus on the clinical experience of selected, well-established and recently applied (68)Ga-labeled imaging agents used in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Pressly ED, Pierce RA, Connal LA, Hawker CJ, Liu Y. Nanoparticle PET/CT imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor in prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:196-204. [PMID: 23272904 PMCID: PMC3578065 DOI: 10.1021/bc300473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide has been recently discovered to have anticancer effects via interaction with cell surface natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) and natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC). In a preclinical model, NPRA expression has been identified during tumor angiogenesis and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and target for prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. However, the presence of NPRC receptor in the PCa model has not yet been assessed. Furthermore, there is still no report using nanoparticle for PCa positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Herein, an amphiphilic comb-like nanoparticle was synthesized with controlled properties through modular construction containing C-atrial natriuretic factor (CANF) for NPRC receptor targeting and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator for high specific activity Cu-64 radiolabeling. The pharmacokinetics of (64)Cu-CANF-Comb exhibited tuned biodistribution and optimized in vivo profile in contrast to the nontargeted (64)Cu-Comb nanoparticle. PET imaging with (64)Cu-CANF-Comb in CWR22 PCa tumor model showed high blood pool retention, low renal clearance, enhanced tumor uptake, and decreased hepatic burden relative to the nontargeted (64)Cu-Comb. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the presence of NPRC receptor in tumor tissue. Competitive PET receptor blocking study demonstrated the targeting specificity of (64)Cu-CANF-Comb to NPRC receptor in vivo. These results establish a new nanoagent for prostate cancer PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Pressly
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard A. Pierce
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department and Department of Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Peptide receptor targeting in cancer: the somatostatin paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2013; 2013:926295. [PMID: 23476673 PMCID: PMC3582104 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide receptors involved in pathophysiological processes represent promising therapeutic targets. Neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) is produced by specialized cells in a large number of human organs and tissues. SST primarily acts as inhibitor of endocrine and exocrine secretion via the activation of five G-protein-coupled receptors, named sst1–5, while in central nervous system, SST acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, regulating locomotory and cognitive functions. Critical points of SST/SST receptor biology, such as signaling pathways of individual receptor subtypes, homo- and heterodimerization, trafficking, and cross-talk with growth factor receptors, have been extensively studied, although functions associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer, are still not completely unraveled. Importantly, SST exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects on cancer cells in vitro, and on experimental tumors in vivo. Moreover, SST agonists are clinically effective as antitumor agents for pituitary adenomas and gastro-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. However, SST receptors being expressed by tumor cells of various tumor histotypes, their pharmacological use is potentially extendible to other cancer types, although to date no significant results have been obtained. In this paper the most recent findings on the expression and functional roles of SST and SST receptors in tumor cells are discussed.
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Peptide-fluorescent bacteria complex as luminescent reagents for cancer diagnosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54467. [PMID: 23349898 PMCID: PMC3548802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently in clinic, people use hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain) and immunohistochemistry methods to identify the generation and genre of cancers for human pathological samples. Since these methods are inaccurate and time consuming, developing a rapid and accurate method to detect cancer is urgently demanded. In our study, binding peptides for lung cancer cell line A549 were identified using bacteria surface display method. With those binding peptides for A549 cells on the surface, the fluorescent bacteria (Escherichia coli with stably expressed green fluorescent protein) were served as specific detecting reagents for the diagnosis of cancers. The binding activity of peptide-fluorescent bacteria complex was confirmed by detached cancer cells, attached cancer cells and mice tumor xenograft samples. A unique fixation method was developed for peptide-bacteria complex in order to make this complex more feasible for the clinic use. This peptide-fluorescent bacteria complex has great potential to become a new diagnostic tool for clinical application.
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Krall N, Scheuermann J, Neri D. Small Targeted Cytotoxics: Current State and Promises from DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1384-402. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Krall N, Scheuermann J, Neri D. Entwicklung zielgerichteter niedermolekularer zytotoxischer Wirkstoffverbindungen mit DNA-codierten chemischen Bibliotheken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chakravarty R, Dash A, Pillai MRA. Availability of yttrium-90 from strontium-90: a nuclear medicine perspective. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:621-41. [PMID: 23009585 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yttrium-90 (T(½) 64.1 hours, E(βmax)=2.28 MeV) is a pure β⁻ particle emitting radionuclide with well-established applications in targeted therapy. There are several advantages of ⁹⁰Y as a therapeutic radionuclide. It has a suitable physical half-life (∼64 hours) and decays to a stable daughter product ⁹⁰Zr by emission of high-energy β⁻ particles. Yttrium has a relatively simple chemistry and its suitability for forming complexes with a variety of chelating agents is well established. The ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y generator is an ideal source for the long-term continuous availability of no-carrier-added ⁹⁰Y suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide therapy. The parent radionuclide ⁹⁰Sr, which is a long-lived fission product, is available in large quantities from spent fuel. Several useful technologies have been developed for the preparation of ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y generators. There are several well-established radiopharmaceuticals based on monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and particulates labeled with ⁹⁰Y, that are in regular use for the treatment of some forms of primary cancers and arthritis. At present, there are no generators for the elution of ⁹⁰Y that can be set up in a hospital radiopharmacy. The radionuclide is procured from manufacturers and the radiopharmaceuticals are formulated on site. This article reviews the development of ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y generator and the development of ⁹⁰Y radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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49
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Treglia G, Castaldi P, Rindi G, Giordano A, Rufini V. Diagnostic performance of Gallium-68 somatostatin receptor PET and PET/CT in patients with thoracic and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a meta-analysis. Endocrine 2012; 42:80-7. [PMID: 22350660 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gallium-68 somatostatin receptor (SMSR) positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are valuable diagnostic tools for patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). To date, a meta-analysis about the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging methods is lacking. Aim of our study is to meta-analyse published data about the diagnostic performance of SMSR PET or PET/CT in patients with thoracic and/or gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs. A comprehensive computer literature search of studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases through October 2011 and regarding SMSR PET or PET/CT in patients with NETs was carried out. Only studies in which SMSR PET or PET/CT were performed in patients with thoracic and/or GEP NETs were selected (medullary thyroid tumours and neural crest derived tumours were excluded from the analysis). Pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity and area under the ROC curve were calculated to measure the diagnostic accuracy of SMSR PET and PET/CT in NETs. RESULTS Sixteen studies comprising 567 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of SMSR PET or PET/CT in detecting NETs were 93% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 91-95%) and 91% (95% CI: 82-97%), respectively, on a per patient-based analysis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.96. In patients with suspicious thoracic and/or GEP NETs, SMSR PET and PET/CT demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. These accurate techniques should be considered as first-line diagnostic imaging methods in patients with suspicious thoracic and/or GEP NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Treglia
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Bhargava P, Delpassand ES. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in the United States. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:839-40; author reply 840. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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