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Wang W, Sun Y, Mo DG, Li T, Yao HC. Circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 may be biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1740-1747. [PMID: 37414657 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The involvement of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rarely studied in clinical practice. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 concentrations at admission and risk stratification based on the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score in patients with ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS In all, 304 patients diagnosed with ACS were included in this study. Plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. The TIMI risk score was calculated and the study population was stratified into high (n = 65), medium (n = 138), and low (n = 101) risk groups. Levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were analyzed for their predictive ability of risk stratification based on the TIMI risk scores. Correlation analysis showed that IGF-1 levels were negatively correlated with TIMI risk levels (r = -0.144, p = 0.012), while IGFBP-2 levels were significantly and positively correlated with TIMI risk levels (r = 0.309, p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, IGF-1 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.995; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990-1.000; p = 0.043) and IGFBP-2 (OR: 1.002; 95%CI: 1.001-1.003; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of high TIMI risk levels. In receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve values for IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 in the prediction of high TIMI risk levels were 0.605 and 0.723, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 levels are excellent biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with ACS, which provides further guidance for clinicians to identify patients at high risk and to lower their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China
| | - De-Gang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China
| | - Tai Li
- Department of Nursing, Liaocheng Vocational & Technical College, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China.
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2
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Lagou MK, Karagiannis GS. Obesity-induced thymic involution and cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:3-19. [PMID: 37088128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining thymic functions associated either with old age (i.e., age-related thymic involution), or with acute involution as a result of stress, infectious disease, or cytoreductive therapies (e.g., chemotherapy/radiotherapy), have been associated with cancer development. A key mechanism underlying such increased cancer risk is the thymus-dependent debilitation of adaptive immunity, which is responsible for orchestrating immunoediting mechanisms and tumor immune surveillance. In the past few years, a blooming set of evidence has intriguingly linked obesity with cancer development and progression. The majority of such studies has focused on obesity-driven chronic inflammation, steroid/sex hormone and adipokine production, and hyperinsulinemia, as principal factors affecting the tumor microenvironment and driving the development of primary malignancy. However, experimental observations about the negative impact of obesity on T cell development and maturation have existed for more than half a century. Here, we critically discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of obesity-driven thymic involution as a previously underrepresented intermediary pathology leading to cancer development and progression. This knowledge could be especially relevant in the context of childhood obesity, because impaired thymic function in young individuals leads to immune system abnormalities, and predisposes to various pediatric cancers. A thorough understanding behind the molecular and cellular circuitries governing obesity-induced thymic involution could therefore help towards the rationalized development of targeted thymic regeneration strategies for obese individuals at high risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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3
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Wang W, Yu K, Zhao SY, Mo DG, Liu JH, Han LJ, Li T, Yao HC. The impact of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1126093. [PMID: 36970368 PMCID: PMC10036580 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1126093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWhile insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exerts a cardioprotective effect in the setting of atherosclerosis, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is involved in metabolic syndrome. Although IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 are known to be predictors for mortality in patients with heart failure, their use in clinic as prognostic biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires investigation. We evaluated the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 levels at admission and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with ACS.MethodsA total of 277 ACS patients and 42 healthy controls were included in this prospective cohort study. Plasma samples were obtained and analyzed at admission. Patients were followed for MACEs after hospitalization.ResultsAmong patients who suffered acute myocardial infarction, plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were lower and higher, respectively, as compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.05). The mean follow-up period was 5.22 (1.0–6.0) months and MACEs incidence was 22.4% (62 of 277 patients). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low IGFBP-2 levels had a greater event-free survival rate than patients with high IGFBP-2 levels (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed IGFBP-2, but not IGF-1, to be a positive predictor of MACEs (hazard ratio 2.412, 95% CI 1.360–4.277; p = 0.003).ConclusionOur findings suggest that high IGFBP-2 levels are associated with the development of MACEs following ACS. Moreover, IGFBP-2 is likely an independent predictive marker of clinical outcomes in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shou-Yong Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - De-Gang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li-Jinn Han
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tai Li
- Department of Nursing, Liaocheng Vocational & Technical College, Liaocheng, China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
- Correspondence: Heng-Chen Yao
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Krieg S, Roderburg C, Krieg A, Luedde T, Loosen SH, Kostev K. The association between body height and cancer: a retrospective analysis of 784,192 outpatients in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04335-0. [PMID: 36066621 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer risk is determined by numerous factors. Recently, body height has been linked to different cancer sites in different populations. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 784,192 adult outpatients with available body height values from 2010 to 2020 using the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). The outcome was the incidence of cancer diagnoses within the study period according to body height, stratified by age, sex, and cancer sites. RESULTS Overall cancer incidence rose with increasing body height in both sexes. In women, there was a rise from 10.9 (≤ 160 cm) to 13.6 (> 180 cm) and from 16.6 (≤ 160 cm) to 26.8 (> 180 cm) cases per 1000 patient years in the 51-60 and > 70 years age group, respectively. Among men, cancer incidene increased from 23.9 (≤ 165 cm) to 26.3 (176-185 cm) and from 38.9 (≤ 165 cm) to 43.4 (176-185 cm) cases per 1000 patient years in 61-70 and > 70 years age group, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing cancer was 1.11 (95% CI 1.09-1.13) for every 10 cm increase in body height among women and 1.06 (95% CI 1.04-1.08) among men. A significant association between body height and cancer incidence was found for certain cancer sites, such as malignant melanoma, in both women (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.33) and men (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.42). CONCLUSION In this study, we present the first data from a large cohort from Germany that provide strong evidence for a positive association between body height and the overall risk of developing various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Krieg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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5
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Guo D, Zhang A, Zou T, Ding R, Chen K, Pan Y, Ji P, Ye B, Xiang M. The influence of metabolic syndrome on age-related hearing loss from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:930105. [PMID: 35966796 PMCID: PMC9372463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.930105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in life expectancy in the global population, aging societies have emerged in many countries, including China. As a common sensory defect in the elderly population, the prevalence of age-related hearing loss and its influence on society are increasing yearly. Metabolic syndrome is currently one of the main health problems in the world. Many studies have demonstrated that metabolic syndrome and its components are correlated with a variety of age-related diseases of the peripheral sensory system, including age-related hearing loss. Both age-related hearing loss and metabolic syndrome are high-prevalence chronic diseases, and many people suffer from both at the same time. In recent years, more and more studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in both metabolic syndrome and age-related hearing loss. Therefore, to better understand the impact of metabolic syndrome on age-related hearing loss from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction, we reviewed the literature related to the relationship between age-related hearing loss and metabolic syndrome and their components to discern the possible role of mitochondria in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongye Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Andi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Ye,
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Mingliang Xiang,
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6
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Losurdo G, Gravina AG, Maroni L, Gabrieletto EM, Ianiro G, Ferrarese A. Future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology, between innovations and unmet needs: A SIGE Young Editorial Board's perspective. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:583-597. [PMID: 34509394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology, as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari.
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Ospedale Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy
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7
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Boguszewski MCS, Boguszewski CL, Chemaililly W, Cohen LE, Gebauer J, Higham C, Hoffman AR, Polak M, Yuen KCJ, Alos N, Antal Z, Bidlingmaier M, Biller BMK, Brabant G, Choong CSY, Cianfarani S, Clayton PE, Coutant R, Cardoso-Demartini AA, Fernandez A, Grimberg A, Guðmundsson K, Guevara-Aguirre J, Ho KKY, Horikawa R, Isidori AM, Jørgensen JOL, Kamenicky P, Karavitaki N, Kopchick JJ, Lodish M, Luo X, McCormack AI, Meacham L, Melmed S, Mostoufi Moab S, Müller HL, Neggers SJCMM, Aguiar Oliveira MH, Ozono K, Pennisi PA, Popovic V, Radovick S, Savendahl L, Touraine P, van Santen HM, Johannsson G. Safety of growth hormone replacement in survivors of cancer and intracranial and pituitary tumours: a consensus statement. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:P35-P52. [PMID: 35319491 PMCID: PMC9066587 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has been used for over 35 years, and its safety and efficacy has been studied extensively. Experimental studies showing the permissive role of GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) in carcinogenesis have raised concerns regarding the safety of GH replacement in children and adults who have received treatment for cancer and those with intracranial and pituitary tumours. A consensus statement was produced to guide decision-making on GH replacement in children and adult survivors of cancer, in those treated for intracranial and pituitary tumours and in patients with increased cancer risk. With the support of the European Society of Endocrinology, the Growth Hormone Research Society convened a Workshop, where 55 international key opinion leaders representing 10 professional societies were invited to participate. This consensus statement utilized: (1) a critical review paper produced before the Workshop, (2) five plenary talks, (3) evidence-based comments from four breakout groups, and (4) discussions during report-back sessions. Current evidence reviewed from the proceedings from the Workshop does not support an association between GH replacement and primary tumour or cancer recurrence. The effect of GH replacement on secondary neoplasia risk is minor compared to host- and tumour treatment-related factors. There is no evidence for an association between GH replacement and increased mortality from cancer amongst GH-deficient childhood cancer survivors. Patients with pituitary tumour or craniopharyngioma remnants receiving GH replacement do not need to be treated or monitored differently than those not receiving GH. GH replacement might be considered in GH-deficient adult cancer survivors in remission after careful individual risk/benefit analysis. In children with cancer predisposition syndromes, GH treatment is generally contraindicated but may be considered cautiously in select patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar L Boguszewski
- SEMPR (Endocrine Division), Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wassim Chemaililly
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurie E Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith Gebauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Claire Higham
- Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michel Polak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kevin C J Yuen
- Barrow Pituitary Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Division of Endocrinology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zoltan Antal
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornel Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Beverley M K Biller
- Neuroendocrine & Pituitary Tumor Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Brabant
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine S Y Choong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child & Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome Italy
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS ‘Bambino Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter E Clayton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Regis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Adriane A Cardoso-Demartini
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alberto Fernandez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kolbeinn Guðmundsson
- Children’s Medical Center, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito at Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ken K Y Ho
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Peter Kamenicky
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Niki Karavitaki
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to N Karavitaki;
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Maya Lodish
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tonji Medical College, Hu, China
| | - Ann I McCormack
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lillian Meacham
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sogol Mostoufi Moab
- Divisions of Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hermann L Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Manoel H Aguiar Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Children, Osaka, Japan
| | - Patricia A Pennisi
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. César Bergadá’, CEDIE-CONICET-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vera Popovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood, Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lars Savendahl
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine and Gynecological Disorders, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne Université Medecine, Paris, France
| | - Hanneke M van Santen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Chilrdren’s Hospital, University Medical Center and Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Tumor Metabolism Is Affected by Obesity in Preclinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030562. [PMID: 35158830 PMCID: PMC8833372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity promotes both development and progression of breast cancer. As a disease, obesity is followed by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. The impact of obesity, accumulation of fat depots, and related markers on the metabolism of tumors still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to characterize the putative differences in the metabolism of tumors from obese and lean mice. The findings reported here could help tailor personalized treatments targeting tumor metabolism in obese cancer patients by identifying the metabolic preferences of these tumors. Abstract Obesity is characterized by an excessive fat mass accumulation associated with multiple disorders, including impaired glucose homeostasis, altered adipokine levels, and hyperlipidemia. Despite clear associations between tumor progression and obesity, the effects of these disorders on tumor metabolism remain largely unknown. Thus, we studied the metabolic differences between tumors of obese and lean mice in murine models of triple-negative breast cancer (E0771 and PY8819). For this purpose, a real-time hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion was studied before and after glucose administration in fasting mice. This work was completed by U-13C glucose tracing experiments using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry (MS). Ex vivo analyses included immunostainings of major lipid, glucose, and monocarboxylic acids transporters. On the one hand, we discovered that tumors of obese mice yield higher lactate/pyruvate ratios after glucose administration. On the other hand, we found that the same tumors produce higher levels of lactate and alanine from glucose than tumors from lean mice, while no differences on the expression of key transporters associated with glycolysis (i.e., GLUT1, MCT1, MCT4) have been observed. In conclusion, our data suggests that breast tumor metabolism is regulated by the host’s physiological status, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Gheorghiu A, Brunborg C, Johannesen TB, Helseth E, Zwart JA, Wiedmann MKH. The impact of body mass index and height on risk for primary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves in 1.7 million norwegian women and men: a prospective cohort study. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:1-6. [PMID: 35001805 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.2009562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves comprise a heterogenous group of pathology, dominantly represented by meningioma, nerve sheath tumours (NST) and glioma. Body height and body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for certain brain tumour subgroups, but no other study has specifically assessed height and BMI in relation to primary tumours of the spine and peripheral nerves in women and men. METHODS In this prospective population-based cohort study height and weight were measured in 1.7 million adult Norwegian women and men at baseline. Incident cases of primary tumours arising from the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves during follow-up were identified by linkage to the National Cancer Registry. Tumour risk was assessed by Cox regression analyses in relation to height and BMI. RESULTS During 49 million person-years of follow-up, 857 primary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves were identified. Overweight and obesity were not associated with risk for all tumours or any tumour subgroup. Height was positively associated with risk for all tumours (HR per 10 cm increase: 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.46). The association between height and tumour risk varied between tumour subgroups: while height was not significantly associated with NST, height increased the risk for meningioma (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.78) and glioma (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.28). The strongest association between height and tumour risk was found for the glioma subgroup of ependymoma in women (HR 3.38, 95% CI 1.64-6.94). CONCLUSION This study could not identify overweight and obesity as risk factors for primary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves in women or men. Increasing body height was associated with increased tumour risk overall, but not universal for all tumour subgroups.Importance of the studyPrimary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves have received little focus in epidemiologic studies, although the incidence and histo-pathological tumour subgroups differ significantly from primary brain tumours. Risk factors for these tumours have hardly been assessed in previous studies. Height, overweight and obesity are known risk factors for several cancers, including certain brain tumour subgroups, such as meningioma.This is the first study to report the association between height, overweight and obesity and primary tumours of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, spinal and peripheral nerves. This includes tumour subgroups of meningioma, nerve sheath tumour, glioma and the most common spinal glioma subgroup of ependymoma. While overweight and obesity were not associated with either of the tumour subgroups, an association between increasing body height and risk for spinal meningioma and glioma, including ependymoma, was found. Nerve sheath tumour risk was not associated with increasing body height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Gheorghiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bagdasar-Arseni University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eirik Helseth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John A. Zwart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Gallo M, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Prinzi N, Renzelli V, Barrea L, Di Giacinto P, Ruggeri RM, Sesti F, Arvat E, Baldelli R, Arvat E, Colao A, Isidori A, Lenzi A, Baldell R, Albertelli M, Attala D, Bianchi A, Di Sarno A, Feola T, Mazziotti G, Nervo A, Pozza C, Puliani G, Razzore P, Ramponi S, Ricciardi S, Rizza L, Rota F, Sbardella E, Zatelli MC. Expected and paradoxical effects of obesity on cancer treatment response. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:681-702. [PMID: 33025385 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, whose prevalence is pandemic and continuing to increase, is a major preventable and modifiable risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, as well as for cancer. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a negative independent prognostic factor for several oncological outcomes, including overall and cancer-specific survival, for several site-specific cancers as well as for all cancers combined. Yet, a recently growing body of evidence suggests that sometimes overweight and obesity may associate with better outcomes, and that immunotherapy may show improved response among obese patients compared with patients with a normal weight. The so-called 'obesity paradox' has been reported in several advanced cancer as well as in other diseases, albeit the mechanisms behind this unexpected relationship are still not clear. Aim of this review is to explore the expected as well as the paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer prognosis, with a particular emphasis on the effects of cancer therapies in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Genova, 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, AO S. Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Genova, 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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11
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Yeh HC, Maruthur NM, Wang NY, Jerome GJ, Dalcin AT, Tseng E, White K, Miller ER, Juraschek SP, Mueller NT, Charleston J, Durkin N, Hassoon A, Lansey DG, Kanarek NF, Carducci MA, Appel LJ. Effects of Behavioral Weight Loss and Metformin on IGFs in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4179-e4191. [PMID: 33884414 PMCID: PMC8475239 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are associated with increased risk of cancers and higher mortality. Therapies that reduce IGF-1 have considerable appeal as means to prevent recurrence. DESIGN Randomized, 3-parallel-arm controlled clinical trial. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Cancer survivors with overweight or obesity were randomized to (1) self-directed weight loss (comparison), (2) coach-directed weight loss, or (3) metformin treatment. Main outcomes were changes in IGF-1 and IGF-1:IGFBP3 molar ratio at 6 months. The trial duration was 12 months. RESULTS Of the 121 randomized participants, 79% were women, 46% were African Americans, and the mean age was 60 years. At baseline, the average body mass index was 35 kg/m2; mean IGF-1 was 72.9 (SD, 21.7) ng/mL; and mean IGF1:IGFBP3 molar ratio was 0.17 (SD, 0.05). At 6 months, weight changes were -1.0% (P = 0.07), -4.2% (P < 0.0001), and -2.8% (P < 0.0001) in self-directed, coach-directed, and metformin groups, respectively. Compared with the self-directed group, participants in metformin had significant decreases on IGF-1 (mean difference in change: -5.50 ng/mL, P = 0.02) and IGF1:IGFBP3 molar ratio (mean difference in change: -0.0119, P = 0.011) at 3 months. The significant decrease of IGF-1 remained in participants with obesity at 6 months (mean difference in change: -7.2 ng/mL; 95% CI: -13.3 to -1.1), but not in participants with overweight (P for interaction = 0.045). There were no significant differences in changes between the coach-directed and self-directed groups. There were no differences in outcomes at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS In cancer survivors with obesity, metformin may have a short-term effect on IGF-1 reduction that wanes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Hsin-Chieh Yeh, PhD, Medicine, Epidemiology, and Oncology, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument St, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21205.
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nae-Yuh Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald J Jerome
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Arlene T Dalcin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen White
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edgar R Miller
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeanne Charleston
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nowella Durkin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Hassoon
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dina G Lansey
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norma F Kanarek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health (Human Nutrition), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Fernandez CJ, George AS, Subrahmanyan NA, Pappachan JM. Epidemiological link between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. World J Methodol 2021; 11:23-45. [PMID: 34026577 PMCID: PMC8127420 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a complex interaction between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic. The association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific, the highest risk being for post-menopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and colorectal cancer. Moreover, there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer, evidencing a bi-directional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer survivors. In this review, we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer, as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved, including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia, the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation, and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and T2DM. Additionally, we describe the novel therapeutic strategies, based on their role on the discrete pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Annu Susan George
- Department of Medical Oncology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin 682040, India
| | | | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Scully T, Ettela A, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2021; 10:615375. [PMID: 33604295 PMCID: PMC7884814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.615375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have both been associated with increased cancer risk and are becoming increasingly prevalent. Metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes and have been implicated in the obesity-cancer relationship. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to link obesity and diabetes with cancer progression, including an increase in insulin/IGF-1 signaling, lipid and glucose uptake and metabolism, alterations in the profile of cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines, as well as changes in the adipose tissue directly adjacent to the cancer sites. This review aims to summarize and provide an update on the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence linking obesity and type 2 diabetes with cancer, focusing on the roles of insulin, lipids, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Scully
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Abora Ettela
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Emily Jane Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
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14
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Ben-Zion Berliner M, Katz LH, Derazne E, Levine H, Keinan-Boker L, Benouaich-Amiel A, Gal O, Kanner AA, Laviv Y, Honig A, Siegal T, Mandel J, Twig G, Yust-Katz S. Height as a risk factor in meningioma: a study of 2 million Israeli adolescents. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:786. [PMID: 32819306 PMCID: PMC7441683 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Potential risk factors include obesity, height, history of allergy/atopy, and autoimmune diseases, but findings are conflicting. This study sought to assess the role of the different risk factors in the development of meningioma in adolescents/young adults. METHODS The cohort included 2,035,915 Jewish men and women who had undergone compulsory physical examination between 1967 and 2011, at age 16 to 19 years, prior to and independent of actual military enlistment. To determine the incidence of meningioma, the military database was matched with the Israel National Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for meningioma according to sex, body mass index (BMI), height, and history of allergic or autoimmune disease. RESULTS A total of 480 subjects (328 females) were diagnosed with meningioma during a follow-up of 40,304,078 person-years. Median age at diagnosis was 42.1 ± 9.4 years (range 17.4-62.6). On univariate analysis, female sex (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.01) were associated with risk of meningioma. When the data were stratified by sex, height remained a significant factor only in men. Spline analysis of the male subjects showed that a height of 1.62 m was associated with a minimum disease risk and a height of 1.85+ meters, with a significant risk. CONCLUSIONS This large population study showed that sex and adolescent height in males (> 1.85 m) were associated with an increased risk of meningioma in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Ben-Zion Berliner
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Lior Haim Katz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah University Hospital - Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital - Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Omer Gal
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew A Kanner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yosef Laviv
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Asaf Honig
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces,and Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tali Siegal
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jacob Mandel
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces,and Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces,and Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology and Talpiot Medical Leadership Program,Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shlomit Yust-Katz
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5625127. [PMID: 31722374 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Lega
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Sivalingam VN, Kitson S, MacKintosh ML, Rutter MK, Crosbie EJ. Interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of endometrial cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 2020:CD013523. [PMCID: PMC6984632 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the safety and effectiveness of interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha N Sivalingam
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterDivision of Cancer SciencesSt Mary's HospitalManchesterUKM13 9WL
| | - Sarah Kitson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterDivision of Cancer SciencesSt Mary's HospitalManchesterUKM13 9WL
| | - Michelle L MacKintosh
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustSt Mary's HospitalManchesterUKM13 9WL
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Manchester Diabetes CentreDiabetes193 Hathersage RoadManchesterGreater ManchesterUKM13 0JE
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterDivision of Cancer SciencesSt Mary's HospitalManchesterUKM13 9WL
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17
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Landberg A, Fält A, Montgomery S, Sundqvist P, Fall K. Overweight and obesity during adolescence increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1232-1237. [PMID: 30790271 PMCID: PMC6899622 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While overweight among adults has been linked with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk, little is known about the potential influence of overweight and obesity during adolescence. To ascertain if adolescent body mass index is associated with subsequent risk of RCC, we identified a cohort of 238,788 Swedish men who underwent mandatory military conscription assessment between 1969 and 1976 at a mean age of 18.5 years. At the time of conscription assessment, physical and psychological tests were performed including measurements of height and weight. Participants were followed through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry to identify incident diagnoses of RCC. The association between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) at conscription assessment and subsequent RCC was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. During a follow-up of up to 37 years, 266 men were diagnosed with RCC. We observed a trend for higher RCC risk with increasing BMI during adolescence, where one-unit increase in BMI conferred a 6% increased risk of RCC (95% CI 1.01-1.10). compared to normal weight men (BMI 18.5- < 25), men with overweight (BMI 25- < 30) or obesity (BMI ≥30) had hazard ratios for RCC of 1.76 (95% CI 1.16-2.67) and 2.87 (95% CI 1.26-6.25), respectively. The link between overweight/obesity and RCC appear to be already established during late adolescence. Prevention of unhealthy weight gain during childhood and adolescence may thus be a target in efforts to decrease the burden of RCC in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Landberg
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Anna Fält
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Clinical Epidemiology UnitKarolinska University Hospital, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pernilla Sundqvist
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Department of Medical EpidemiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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18
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Qian F, Rookus MA, Leslie G, Risch HA, Greene MH, Aalfs CM, Adank MA, Adlard J, Agnarsson BA, Ahmed M, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Arnold N, Arun BK, Ausems MGEM, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Barwell J, Benitez J, Białkowska K, Bonadona V, Borde J, Borg A, Bradbury AR, Brunet J, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Carter J, Chiquette J, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Collée JM, Collonge-Rame MA, Couch FJ, Daly MB, Delnatte C, Diez O, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Eason J, Easton DF, Eeles R, Engel C, Evans DG, Faivre L, Feliubadaló L, Foretova L, Friedman E, Frost D, Ganz PA, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, Gehrig A, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Gómez Garcia EB, Hamann U, Hauke J, Hopper JL, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Jakubowska A, Janavicius R, John EM, Karlan BY, Kets CM, Laitman Y, Lázaro C, Leroux D, Lester J, Lesueur F, Loud JT, Lubiński J, Łukomska A, McGuffog L, Mebirouk N, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Meindl A, Miller A, Montagna M, Mooij TM, Mouret-Fourme E, Nathanson KL, Nehoray B, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nielsen FC, Offit K, Olah E, Ong KR, Oosterwijk JC, Ottini L, Parsons MT, Peterlongo P, Pfeiler G, Pradhan N, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rennert G, Robson M, Rodriguez GC, Salani R, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Shah PD, Side LE, Simard J, Singer CF, Steinemann D, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Tan YY, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Tischkowitz M, Tognazzo S, Toland AE, Tung N, van Asperen CJ, van Engelen K, van Rensburg EJ, Venat-Bouvet L, Vierstraete J, Wagner G, Walker L, Weitzel JN, Yannoukakos D, Antoniou AC, Goldgar DE, Olopade OI, Chenevix-Trench G, Rebbeck TR, Huo D. Mendelian randomisation study of height and body mass index as modifiers of ovarian cancer risk in 22,588 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:180-192. [PMID: 31213659 PMCID: PMC6738050 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Height and body mass index (BMI) are associated with higher ovarian cancer risk in the general population, but whether such associations exist among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is unknown. METHODS We applied a Mendelian randomisation approach to examine height/BMI with ovarian cancer risk using the Consortium of Investigators for the Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) data set, comprising 14,676 BRCA1 and 7912 BRCA2 mutation carriers, with 2923 ovarian cancer cases. We created a height genetic score (height-GS) using 586 height-associated variants and a BMI genetic score (BMI-GS) using 93 BMI-associated variants. Associations were assessed using weighted Cox models. RESULTS Observed height was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07 per 10-cm increase in height, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.23). Height-GS showed similar results (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85-1.23). Higher BMI was significantly associated with increased risk in premenopausal women with HR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06-1.48) and HR = 1.59 (95% CI: 1.08-2.33) per 5-kg/m2 increase in observed and genetically determined BMI, respectively. No association was found for postmenopausal women. Interaction between menopausal status and BMI was significant (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our observation of a positive association between BMI and ovarian cancer risk in premenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is consistent with findings in the general population.
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Grants
- R01 CA063682 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA027469 NCI NIH HHS
- 11174 Cancer Research UK
- C1287/A 10710 Cancer Research UK
- P50 CA116201 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA148065 NCI NIH HHS
- C1281/A12014 Cancer Research UK
- N02CP11019 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA180868 NCI NIH HHS
- R03 CA130065 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA176785 NCI NIH HHS
- RC4 CA153828 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA142996 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA140323 NCI NIH HHS
- P50 CA125183 NCI NIH HHS
- UM1 CA164920 NCI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001863 NCATS NIH HHS
- P30 CA168524 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA161032 NCI NIH HHS
- 20861 Cancer Research UK
- UL1 TR000124 NCATS NIH HHS
- P20 CA233307 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA116167 NCI NIH HHS
- C5047/A8384 Cancer Research UK
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- 23382 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA214545 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA128978 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA148537 NCI NIH HHS
- P30 CA051008 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA116167 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA037517 NCI NIH HHS
- P20 GM130423 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R25 CA112486 NCI NIH HHS
- C5047/A15007 Cancer Research UK
- N02CP65504 NCI NIH HHS
- 10118 Cancer Research UK
- U19 CA148112 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA149429 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA228198 NCI NIH HHS
- C8197/A16565 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA192393 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA180822 NCI NIH HHS
- MR/P012930/1 Medical Research Council
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
- CIMBA: The CIMBA data management and data analysis were supported by Cancer Research – UK grants C12292/A20861, C12292/A11174. ACA is a Cancer Research -UK Senior Cancer Research Fellow. GCT and ABS are NHMRC Research Fellows. iCOGS: the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A 10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health (CA128978) and Post-Cancer GWAS initiative (1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065 and 1U19 CA148112 - the GAME-ON initiative), the Department of Defence (W81XWH-10-1-0341), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer (CRN-87521), and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade (PSR-SIIRI-701), Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. The PERSPECTIVE project was supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation through Genome Québec, and The Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. BCFR: UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BFBOCC: Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania grant SEN-18/2015. BIDMC: Breast Cancer Research Foundation. BMBSA: Cancer Association of South Africa (PI Elizabeth J. van Rensburg). CNIO: Spanish Ministry of Health PI16/00440 supported by FEDER funds, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) SAF2014-57680-R and the Spanish Research Network on Rare diseases (CIBERER). COH-CCGCRN: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under grant number R25CA112486, and RC4CA153828 (PI: J. Weitzel) from the National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. CONSIT: Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2014 no.15547) to P. Radice. Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC; grant no.16933) to L. Ottini. Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2015 no.16732) to P. Peterlongo. Jacopo Azzollini is supported by funds from Italian citizens who allocated the 5x1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects ‘5x1000’). DEMOKRITOS: European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program of the General Secretariat for Research & Technology: SYN11_10_19 NBCA. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. DFKZ: German Cancer Research Center. EMBRACE: Cancer Research UK Grants C1287/A10118 and C1287/A11990. D. Gareth Evans and Fiona Lalloo are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester. The Investigators at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Ros Eeles and Elizabeth Bancroft are supported by Cancer Research UK Grant C5047/A8385. Ros Eeles is also supported by NIHR support to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. FCCC: The University of Kansas Cancer Center (P30 CA168524) and the Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program. A.K.G. was funded by R0 1CA140323, R01 CA214545, and by the Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship. FPGMX: FISPI05/2275 and Mutua Madrileña Foundation (FMMA). GC-HBOC: German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, Rita K. Schmutzler) and the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). GEMO: Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer; the Association “Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!” Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the "CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer" program and the French National Institute of Cancer (INCa grants 2013-1-BCB-01-ICH-1 and SHS-E-SP 18-015). GEORGETOWN: the Non-Therapeutic Subject Registry Shared Resource at Georgetown University (NIH/NCI grant P30-CA051008), the Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics Research, and Swing Fore the Cure. G-FAST: Bruce Poppe is a senior clinical investigator of FWO. Mattias Van Heetvelde obtained funding from IWT. HCSC: Spanish Ministry of Health PI15/00059, PI16/01292, and CB-161200301 CIBERONC from ISCIII (Spain), partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER funds. HEBCS: Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. HEBON: the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998-1854, NKI2004-3088, NKI2007-3756, the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014-187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46 and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12-054. HRBCP: Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Dr Ellen Li Charitable Foundation, The Kerry Group Kuok Foundation, National Institute of Health1R 03CA130065, and North California Cancer Center. HUNBOCS: Hungarian Research Grants KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 and OTKA K-112228. ICO: The authors would like to particularly acknowledge the support of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa” (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI15/00854, PI16/00563 and CIBERONC) and the Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338 and PERIS Project MedPerCan). IHCC: PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004. ILUH: Icelandic Association “Walking for Breast Cancer Research” and by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund. INHERIT: Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. IOVHBOCS: Ministero della Salute and “5x1000” Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant. IPOBCS: Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro. kConFab: The National Breast Cancer Foundation, and previously by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. MAYO: NIH grants CA116167, CA192393 and CA176785, an NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201),and a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. MCGILL: Jewish General Hospital Weekend to End Breast Cancer, Quebec Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade. Marc Tischkowitz is supported by the funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (2007Y2013)/European Research Council (Grant No. 310018). MODSQUAD: MH CZ - DRO (MMCI, 00209805), MEYS - NPS I - LO1413 to LF and by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101) to LF, and by Charles University in Prague project UNCE204024 (MZ). MSKCC: the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative, the Andrew Sabin Research Fund and a Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant (P30 CA008748). NAROD: 1R01 CA149429-01. NCI: the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, NIH, and by support services contracts NO2-CP-11019-50, N02-CP-21013-63 and N02-CP-65504 with Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD. NICCC: Clalit Health Services in Israel, the Israel Cancer Association and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), NY. NNPIO: the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17-54-12007, 17-00-00171 and 18-515-12007). NRG Oncology: U10 CA180868, NRG SDMC grant U10 CA180822, NRG Administrative Office and the NRG Tissue Bank (CA 27469), the NRG Statistical and Data Center (CA 37517) and the Intramural Research Program, NCI. OSUCCG: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. PBCS: Italian Association of Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG 2013 N.14477] and Tuscany Institute for Tumors (ITT) grant 2014-2015-2016. SEABASS: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Ministry of Higher Education (UM.C/HlR/MOHE/06) and Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation. SMC: the Israeli Cancer Association. SWE-BRCA: the Swedish Cancer Society. UCHICAGO: NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA125183), R01 CA142996, 1U01CA161032, P20CA233307, American Cancer Society (MRSG-13-063-01-TBG, CRP-10-119-01-CCE), Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Susan G. Komen Foundation (SAC110026), and Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust, the Entertainment Industry Fund National Women's Cancer Research Alliance. Mr. Qian was supported by the Alpha Omega Alpha Carolyn L. Cuckein Student Research Fellowship. UCLA: Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Foundation; Breast Cancer Research Foundation. UCSF: UCSF Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. UKFOCR: Cancer Research UK. UPENN: Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Susan G. Komen Foundation for the cure, Basser Center for BRCA. UPITT/MWH: Hackers for Hope Pittsburgh. VFCTG: Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation. WCP: Dr Karlan is funded by the American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP-06-258-01-COUN) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Grant UL1TR000124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Munaza Ahmed
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julika Borde
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carter
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse and The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- CRCHU de Québec- oncologie, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Capucine Delnatte
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, ICO-Centre René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Eason
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité d'oncogénétique, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hauke
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute, Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, CA, Lithuania
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Łukomska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Thea M Mooij
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bita Nehoray
- Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Payal D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucy E Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Tumour Biology, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Wagner
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Selfe J, Shipley JM. IGF signalling in germ cells and testicular germ cell tumours: roles and therapeutic approaches. Andrology 2019; 7:536-544. [PMID: 31179642 PMCID: PMC6771568 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays key roles in normal tissue growth and development as well as in the progression of several tumour types and their subsequent growth and progression to a metastatic phenotype. This review explores the role of IGF system in normal germ cell development and function in addition to examining the evidence for deregulation of IGF signalling in cancer, with particular relevance to evidence supporting a role in testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Despite the clear preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in cancer, there has been a lack of progress in identifying which patients may benefit from such therapy. Future employment of agents targeting the IGF pathway is expected to concentrate on their use in combination with other treatments to prevent resistance and exploit their potential as chemo- and radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Perks CM. Systemic Metabolism, Its Regulators, and Cancer: Past Mistakes and Future Potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30809194 PMCID: PMC6380210 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in cancer metabolism; primarily in the resetting of metabolism within malignant cells. Metabolism within cells has always been a tightly regulated process; initially in protozoans due to metabolic enzymes, and the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate these, being directly sensitive to the availability of nutrients. With the evolution of metazoans many of these controls had been overlaid by extra-cellular regulators that ensured coordinated regulation of metabolism within the community of cells that comprised the organism. Central to these systemic regulators is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system that throughout evolution has integrated the control of tissue growth with metabolic status. Oncological interest in the main systemic metabolic regulators greatly subsided when pharmaceutical strategies designed to treat cancers failed in the clinic. During the same period, however the explosion of new information from genetics has revealed the complexity and heterogeneity of advanced cancers and helped explain the problems of managing cancer when it reaches such a stage. Evidence has also accumulated implying that the setting of the internal environment determines whether cancers progress to advanced disease and metabolic status is clearly an important component of this local ecology. We are in the midst of an epidemic of metabolic disorders and there is considerable research into strategies for controlling metabolism. Integrating these new streams of information suggests new possibilities for cancer prevention; both primary and secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. P. Holly
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Translational Health Science, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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21
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Wiley AS. The Evolution of Lactase Persistence: Milk Consumption, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, and Human Life-History Parameters. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nunney L. Size matters: height, cell number and a person's risk of cancer. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1743. [PMID: 30355711 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multistage model of carcinogenesis predicts cancer risk will increase with tissue size, since more cells provide more targets for oncogenic somatic mutation. However, this increase is not seen among mammal species of different sizes (Peto's paradox), a paradox argued to be due to larger species evolving added cancer suppression. If this explanation is correct, the cell number effect is still expected within species. Consistent with this, the hazard ratio for overall cancer risk per 10 cm increase in human height (HR10) is about 1.1, indicating a 10% increase in cancer risk per 10 cm; however, an alternative explanation invokes an indirect effect of height, with factors that increase cancer risk independently increasing adult height. The data from four large-scale surveillance projects on 23 cancer categories were tested against quantitative predictions of the cell-number hypothesis, predictions that were accurately supported. For overall cancer risk the HR10 predicted versus observed was 1.13 versus 1.12 for women and 1.11 versus 1.09 for men, suggesting that cell number variation provides a null hypothesis for assessing height effects. Melanoma showed an unexpectedly strong relationship to height, indicating an additional effect, perhaps due to an increasing cell division rate mediated through increasing IGF-I with height. Similarly, only about one-third of the higher incidence of non-reproductive cancers in men versus women can be explained by cell number. The cancer risks of obesity are not correlated with effects of height, consistent with different primary causation. The direct effect of height on cancer risk suggests caution in identifying height-related SNPs as cancer causing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Nunney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Ihira H, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Goto A, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Adult height and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197164. [PMID: 29758048 PMCID: PMC5951564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult height is determined by both genetic characteristics and environmental factors in early life. Although previous studies have suggested that adult height is associated with risk of mortality, comprehensive associations between height and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Japanese population are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the associations between adult height and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Japanese men and women in a prospective cohort study. We investigated 107,794 participants (50,755 men and 57,039 women) aged 40 to 69 years who responded to the baseline questionnaire in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Participants were classified by quartile of adult height obtained from a self-reported questionnaire in men (<160cm, 160-163cm, 164-167cm, ≥168cm) and women (<149cm, 149-151cm, 152-155cm, ≥156cm). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality from all-cause, cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other cause mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. During follow-up, 12,320 men and 7,030 women died. Taller adult height was associated with decreased risk for mortality from cerebrovascular disease (HR <160cm vs. ≥168cm (95% CI) = 0.83 (0.69–0.99); HR for 5-cm increment (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.90–0.99)) and respiratory disease (HR <160cm vs. ≥168cm (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.69–1.03); HR for 5-cm increment (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.87–0.97)), but was also associated with increased risk for overall cancer mortality (HR <160cm vs. ≥168cm (95% CI) = 1.17 (1.07–1.28); HR for 5-cm increment (95% CI) = 1.04 (1.01–1.07)) in men. Taller adult height was also associated with decreased risk for mortality from cerebrovascular disease (HR <149cm vs. ≥156cm (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.66–1.05); HR for 5-cm increment (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.86–0.99)) in women. Our results confirmed that adult height is associated with cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ihira
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health, Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Wiedmann MKH, Brunborg C, Di Ieva A, Lindemann K, Johannesen TB, Vatten L, Helseth E, Zwart JA. The impact of body mass index and height on the risk for glioblastoma and other glioma subgroups: a large prospective cohort study. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:976-985. [PMID: 28040713 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma comprises a heterogeneous group of mostly malignant brain tumors, whereof glioblastoma (GBM) represents the largest and most lethal subgroup. Body height and body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for other cancers, but no previous study has examined anthropometric data in relation to different glioma subgroups. Methods This prospective cohort study includes 1.8 million Norwegian women and men between ages 14 and 80 years at baseline. Body weight and height were measured, and incident cases of glioma were identified by linkage to the National Cancer Registry. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk for different glioma subgroups in relation to anthropometric measures. Results During 54 million person-years of follow-up, 4,382 gliomas were identified. Overweight and obesity were not associated with risk for any glioma subgroup. Height was positively associated with risk for GBM and all other gliomas (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 cm increase: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.31 and 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09-1.29) but not with the proxy for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant glioma (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.98-1.21). In further subgroup analyses, the effect of height on glioma risk varied significantly with positive associations for oligoastrocytoma (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.20-2.53) and malignant glioma not otherwise specified (NOS) (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16-1.76, but not with diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grades II and III) or oligodendroglioma. Conclusion This epidemiologic study consolidates height as a risk factor for GBM and other gliomas. It further indicates that this association is not universal for gliomas but may differ between different glioma subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus K H Wiedmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom B Johannesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John A Zwart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney,Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney,Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Oslo University Hospital (Norwegian Radium Hospital), Oslo, Norway; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital (Ulleval),Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Lassaletta L, Calvino M, Murillo-Cuesta S, Varela-Nieto I. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Progression of Age-Related Hearing Loss. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:411. [PMID: 29311900 PMCID: PMC5733003 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairment of sensorial functions and with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. As pari passu circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability progressively decreases, we see a direct correlation with sensory impairment and cognitive performance in older humans. Age-related sensory loss is typically caused by the irreversible death of highly differentiated neurons and sensory receptor cells. Among sensory deficits, age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also named presbycusis, affects one third of the population over 65 years of age and is a major factor in the progression of cognitive problems in the elderly. The genetic and molecular bases of ARHL are largely unknown and only a few genes related to susceptibility to oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and cell death have been identified. IGF-1 is known to be a neuroprotective agent that maintains cellular metabolism, activates growth, proliferation and differentiation, and limits cell death. Inborn IGF-1 deficiency leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss both in humans and mice. IGF-1 haploinsufficiency has also been shown to correlate with ARHL. There is not much information available on the effect of IGF-1 deficiency on other human sensory systems, but experimental models show a long-term impact on the retina. A secondary action of IGF-1 is the control of oxidative stress and inflammation, thus helping to resolve damage situations, acute or made chronic by aging. Here we will review the primary actions of IGF-1 in the auditory system and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Calvino
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Reference ranges for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in healthy Chinese adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185561. [PMID: 28976993 PMCID: PMC5627923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) levels in healthy Chinese adults, establish reference ranges for serum IGF-I levels and observe the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and geographical region on serum IGF-I levels. Methods In total, 2791 healthy adults (1339 males and 1452 females) from the north (Beijing) and south (Guizhou Province) of China were recruited following a questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination. Both sexes were divided into 13 groups according to age (18, 19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69 and ≥70 years). The serum IGF-I levels were measured by performing a chemiluminescent assay (Immulite 2000®), and the LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) method was applied to construct smooth centile curves of age-specific IGF-I levels. Results Serum IGF-I levels in the adults gradually decreased with increasing age from 18 to 70 years in both the male and female participants. Although the decrease in the level of IGF-1 was more pronounced in females than in males, no significant difference was observed between the sexes, except in the 60- to 64-year-old age group (P = 0.0329). The multiple linear regression model showed that there was an inverse relationship between the serum IGF-I level and BMI (P<0.001), and the serum IGF-I level in the Guizhou population was higher than that in the Beijing population (P<0.05). Conclusion The normal reference ranges for age- and sex-specific serum IGF-I levels were established for the first time in a large sample of Chinese adults. The serum IGF-I levels were significantly influenced by age, BMI and geographical region.
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27
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Wiedmann MKH, Brunborg C, Di Ieva A, Lindemann K, Johannesen TB, Vatten L, Helseth E, Zwart JA. Overweight, obesity and height as risk factors for meningioma, glioma, pituitary adenoma and nerve sheath tumor: a large population-based prospective cohort study. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1302-1309. [PMID: 28548875 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1330554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has announced that avoiding body fatness (i.e. overweight and obesity) contributes to prevent meningioma occurrence, but considered the available evidence for glioma inadequate. The association of body fatness with other CNS tumor subgroups is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To assess whether body fatness or body height are associated with risk for meningioma, glioma, pituitary adenoma (PA) or nerve sheath tumor (NST) in a large population-based Norwegian cohort. METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 1.8 million Norwegian residents, weight and height were measured at baseline and incident intracranial tumors were subsequently identified by linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate risk for each tumor subgroup in relation to anthropometric measures, stratified by sex and in different age groups. RESULTS During 54 million person-years of follow-up 3335 meningiomas, 4382 gliomas, 1071 PAs and 759 NSTs were diagnosed. Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was not associated with risk for meningioma or glioma, but was significantly associated with risk for PA (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.09-1.88) compared with the reference group (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2). For intracranial NSTs, obesity was associated with reduced tumor risk (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.46-0.99). Body height was associated with increased risk for all four tumor subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This study does not confirm overweight or obesity as risk factors for meningioma. Additionally, overweight and obesity can be quite confidently excluded as risk factors for glioma. However, this study indicates that body fatness increases the risk for PA, while it reduces the risk for NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus K. H. Wiedmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Neurosurgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John A. Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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29
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Yamanaka R, Abe E, Sato T, Hayano A, Takashima Y. Secondary Intracranial Tumors Following Radiotherapy for Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080103. [PMID: 28786923 PMCID: PMC5575606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are often treated with radiotherapy for the management of tumor progression or recurrence. Despite the improvement in cure rates, patients treated by radiotherapy are at risk of development of secondary malignancies. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the secondary intracranial tumors that occurred following radiotherapy to pituitary adenomas to obtain clinicopathological characteristics. The analysis included 48 neuroepithelial tumors, 37 meningiomas, and 52 sarcomas which were published between 1959–2017, although data is missing regarding overall survival and type of irradiation in a significant proportion of the reports. The average onset age for the pituitary adenoma was 37.2 ± 14.4 years and the average latency period before the diagnosis of the secondary tumor was 15.2 ± 8.7 years. Radiotherapy was administered in pituitary adenomas at an average dose of 52.0 ± 19.5 Gy. The distribution of pituitary adenomas according to their function was prolactinoma in 10 (7.2%) cases, acromegaly in 37 (27.0%) cases, Cushing disease in 4 (2.9%) cases, PRL+GH in 1 (0.7%) case, non-functioning adenoma in 57 (41.6%) cases. Irradiation technique delivered was lateral opposing field in 23 (16.7%) cases, 3 or 4 field technique in 27 (19.6%) cases, rotation technique in 10 (7.2%) cases, radio surgery in 6 (4.3%) cases. Most of the glioma or sarcoma had been generated after lateral opposing field or 3/4 field technique. Fibrosarcomas were predominant before 1979 (p < 0.0001). The median overall survival time for all neuroepithelial tumors was 11 months (95% confidence intervals (CI), 3–14). Patients with gliomas treated with radiotherapy exhibited a non-significant positive trend with longer overall survival. The median overall survival time for sarcoma cases was 6 months (95% CI, 1.5–9). The median survival time in patients with radiation and/or chemotherapy for sarcomas exhibited a non-significant positive trend with longer overall survival. In patients treated with radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas, the risk of secondary tumor incidence warrants a longer follow up period. Moreover, radiation and/or chemotherapy should be considered in cases of secondary glioma or sarcoma following radiotherapy to the pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Eisuke Abe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8122, Japan.
| | - Toshiteru Sato
- Department of Radiology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan.
| | - Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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30
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Er V, Biernacka K, Simpkin AJ, Martin RM, Jeffreys M, Emmett P, Gilbert R, Avery KNL, Walsh E, Davis M, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Holly JMP, Lane JA. Post-diagnosis serum insulin-like growth factors in relation to dietary and lifestyle changes in the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:877-888. [PMID: 28646365 PMCID: PMC5501895 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is modifiable by diet and lifestyle, and has been linked to prostate cancer development and progression. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 621 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer to investigate the associations of dietary and lifestyle changes with post-diagnosis circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. We used analysis of covariance to estimate the associations, controlling for baseline IGF-I or IGFBP-3, respectively. RESULTS Mean IGF-I levels were 6.5% (95% CI -12.8, -0.3%, p = 0.04) lower in men who decreased their protein intake after diagnosis compared to men who did not change. Men who changed their fruit and vegetable intake had lower IGF-I levels compared to non-changers [Decreased intake: -10.1%, 95% CI -18.4, -1.8%, p = 0.02; Increased intake: -12.0%, 95% CI -18.4, -1.8%, p = 0.002]. IGFBP-3 was 14.6% (95% CI -24.5, -4.8%, p = 0.004) lower in men who achieved a healthy body mass index after diagnosis. Men who became inactive had 9.5% higher average IGF-I levels (95% CI 0.1, 18.9%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decreased protein intake and body mass index, and increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, following a prostate cancer diagnosis were associated with reduced post-diagnosis serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Counterintuitively, reduced fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with reduced IGF-I, but with weak statistical support, possibly implicating chance. If confirmed in other studies, our findings may inform potential lifestyle interventions in prostate cancer. ProtecT was registered at International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry, http://isrctn.org as ISRCTN20141297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Er
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Andrew J Simpkin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Mona Jeffreys
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Rebecca Gilbert
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Kerry N L Avery
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Eleanor Walsh
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Michael Davis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jeff M P Holly
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39,Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
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Perez-Cornago A, Appleby PN, Pischon T, Tsilidis KK, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Steffen A, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Kritikou M, Krogh V, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Agudo A, Larrañaga N, Molina-Portillo E, Barricarte A, Chirlaque MD, Quirós JR, Stattin P, Häggström C, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Schmidt JA, Gunter M, Freisling H, Aune D, Ward H, Riboli E, Key TJ, Travis RC. Tall height and obesity are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the EPIC cohort study. BMC Med 2017; 15:115. [PMID: 28701188 PMCID: PMC5508687 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body size and prostate cancer risk, and in particular risk by tumour characteristics, is not clear because most studies have not differentiated between high-grade or advanced stage tumours, but rather have assessed risk with a combined category of aggressive disease. We investigated the association of height and adiposity with incidence of and death from prostate cancer in 141,896 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average of 13.9 years of follow-up, there were 7024 incident prostate cancers and 934 prostate cancer deaths. RESULTS Height was not associated with total prostate cancer risk. Subgroup analyses showed heterogeneity in the association with height by tumour grade (P heterogeneity = 0.002), with a positive association with risk for high-grade but not low-intermediate-grade disease (HR for high-grade disease tallest versus shortest fifth of height, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.03). Greater height was also associated with a higher risk for prostate cancer death (HR = 1.43, 1.14-1.80). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly inversely associated with total prostate cancer, but there was evidence of heterogeneity by tumour grade (P heterogeneity = 0.01; HR = 0.89, 0.79-0.99 for low-intermediate grade and HR = 1.32, 1.01-1.72 for high-grade prostate cancer) and stage (P heterogeneity = 0.01; HR = 0.86, 0.75-0.99 for localised stage and HR = 1.11, 0.92-1.33 for advanced stage). BMI was positively associated with prostate cancer death (HR = 1.35, 1.09-1.68). The results for waist circumference were generally similar to those for BMI, but the associations were slightly stronger for high-grade (HR = 1.43, 1.07-1.92) and fatal prostate cancer (HR = 1.55, 1.23-1.96). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this large prospective study show that men who are taller and who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annika Steffen
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, AO Citta’ della Salute e della Scienza-University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, Ragusa, Italy
| | - H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom
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The Associations of Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, and Weight-for-Height With Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28644306 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Height at diagnosis has been analyzed in connection with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Most prior studies have compared cases to national reference data derived from previous birth cohorts. Our objective was to determine the association of height-for-age Z score (HAZ) at time of diagnosis with the odds ratio (OR) of ALL in a case-control study (N=498) with a contemporaneous population of age-matched, sex-matched, and ethnicity-matched controls. We hypothesized that cases would have greater mean HAZ at time of diagnosis/interview, after adjustment for weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). HAZ was not associated with ALL. For each 1 SD increase in WAZ the OR of ALL was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.99). The OR of ALL was increased among children who had either a WAZ ≤-2 (OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.85-16.75) or WHZ of ≤-2 (OR, 5.27; 95% CI, 1.65-23.61). Previous findings of taller height among ALL cases may arise from the choice of control populations. Children with low WAZ or WHZ were at increased odds of ALL.
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Lassale C, Batty GD, Steptoe A, Zaninotto P. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in relation to future hearing impairment: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646237 PMCID: PMC5482884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is associated with cardiovascular disease, itself a risk factor for hearing impairment, and, in animal studies, molecular evidence suggests a role for IGF-1 in hearing function. However, the link between IGF-1 and the occurrence of hearing impairment is untested in population-based studies of humans. A total of 4390 participants aged ≥50 y (mean [SD] age 64.2 [8.0] years at baseline, 55% women) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing provided serum levels of IGF-1 in 2008 and again in 2012. Hearing acuity was assessed by an objective hearing test (HearCheck handheld device) in 2014 when the prevalence was 38.2%. In the full cohort, IGF-1 was not associated with subsequent hearing impairment (OR5nmol/L increase; 95% CI: 1.01; 0.94, 1.09). However, this relationship appeared to differ by age (p-value for interaction = 0.03). Thus, in younger participants (aged 50–60 y, n = 1400), IGF-1 was associated with lower odds of hearing impairment (0.86; 0.73, 1.00) after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. Among people ≥60 y (n = 2990) there was a non-significant ‘J’-shaped association. Our observational evidence that higher levels of IGF-1 appeared to confer some protection against hearing impairment in some older adults warrants replication in other prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lassale
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Sawada N, Wark PA, Merritt MA, Tsugane S, Ward HA, Rinaldi S, Weiderpass E, Dartois L, His M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Turzanski-Fortner R, Kaaks R, Overvad K, Redondo ML, Travier N, Molina-Portillo E, Dorronsoro M, Cirera L, Ardanaz E, Perez-Cornago A, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Valanou E, Masala G, Pala V, HM Peeters P, T. van der Schouw Y, Melander O, Manjer J, da Silva M, Skeie G, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, J. Gunter M, Riboli E, J. Cross A. The association between adult attained height and sitting height with mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173117. [PMID: 28257491 PMCID: PMC5336260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult height and sitting height may reflect genetic and environmental factors, including early life nutrition, physical and social environments. Previous studies have reported divergent associations for height and chronic disease mortality, with positive associations observed for cancer mortality but inverse associations for circulatory disease mortality. Sitting height might be more strongly associated with insulin resistance; however, data on sitting height and mortality is sparse. Using the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study, a prospective cohort of 409,748 individuals, we examined adult height and sitting height in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Height was measured in the majority of participants; sitting height was measured in ~253,000 participants. During an average of 12.5 years of follow-up, 29,810 deaths (11,931 from cancer and 7,346 from circulatory disease) were identified. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for death were calculated using multivariable Cox regression within quintiles of height. Height was positively associated with cancer mortality (men: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.00-1.24; women: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.07-1.28). In contrast, height was inversely associated with circulatory disease mortality (men: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.56-0.71; women: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.70-0.93). Although sitting height was not associated with cancer mortality, it was inversely associated with circulatory disease (men: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.55-0.75; women: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.49-0.74) and respiratory disease mortality (men: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.28-0.71; women: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.40-0.89). We observed opposing effects of height on cancer and circulatory disease mortality. Sitting height was inversely associated with circulatory disease and respiratory disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sawada
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petra A. Wark
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa A. Merritt
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heather A. Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laureen Dartois
- Health Across Generations Team, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mathilde His
- Health Across Generations Team, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Overvad
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Center, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Noemie Travier
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia-Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lluis Cirera
- Unidad de Registro y Estadística de Mortalidad, Unit of Mortality Coding and Statistics, Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad, Department of Epidemiology, Murcia’s Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Navara Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navara Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute–ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra HM Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital Malmo Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marisa da Silva
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shlomai G, Neel B, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: The Role of Pharmacotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:4261-4269. [PMID: 27903154 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Epidemiologic data suggest that T2DM is associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The purpose of this review is to discuss the links between diabetes and cancer, the effects of various antidiabetic medications on cancer incidence and mortality, and the effects of anticancer therapies on diabetes. Design This study is a review of preclinical and clinical data regarding the effects of antidiabetic medications on cancer incidence and mortality and the effects of anticancer therapies on glucose homeostasis. Results T2DM is associated with an increased risk and greater mortality from many cancer types. Metformin use has been associated with a decrease in cancer incidence and mortality, and there are many ongoing randomized trials investigating the effects of metformin on cancer-related outcomes. However, data regarding the association of other antidiabetes medications with cancer incidence and mortality are conflicting. Glucocorticoids, hormone-based therapies, inhibitors that target the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-targeted therapy have been associated with high rates of hyperglycemia. These agents mediate their deleterious metabolic effects by reducing insulin secretion and increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Conclusion Studies must be performed to optimize cancer screening strategies in individuals with T2DM. A greater understanding of the mechanisms that link diabetes and cancer are needed to identify targets for therapy in individuals with diabetes who develop cancer. Data from clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the effects of antidiabetic medications on cancer incidence and progression. As several anticancer therapies alter glucose homeostasis, physicians need to be aware of these potential effects. Careful patient screening and monitoring during treatment with these agents is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Shlomai
- Gadi Shlomai, Brian Neel, Derek LeRoith, and Emily Jane Gallagher, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Gadi Shlomai, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Brian Neel
- Gadi Shlomai, Brian Neel, Derek LeRoith, and Emily Jane Gallagher, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Gadi Shlomai, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Gadi Shlomai, Brian Neel, Derek LeRoith, and Emily Jane Gallagher, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Gadi Shlomai, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Emily Jane Gallagher
- Gadi Shlomai, Brian Neel, Derek LeRoith, and Emily Jane Gallagher, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Gadi Shlomai, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Effects of High-Order Interactions among IGFBP-3 Genetic Polymorphisms, Body Mass Index and Soy Isoflavone Intake on Breast Cancer Susceptibility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162970. [PMID: 27631779 PMCID: PMC5024997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and environmental factors may work together to influence insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels and thus breast cancer (BC) risk. However, very few studies have investigated high-order interactions among these variables. Methods A total of 277 newly diagnosed BC cases and 277 controls were recruited between October 2010 and July 2012. We collected each participant's demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and blood sample. IGF-1 rs1520220 and IGFBP-3 rs2854744 were then genotyped. A multi-analytic strategy combining unconditional logistic regression (ULR), generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR), and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches was applied to systematically identify the interactions of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), body mass index (BMI), and daily intake of soy isoflavone (DISI) on BC susceptibility. Results In GMDR analyses, high-order interactions among BMI, DISI, and SNP rs2854744 were identified among overall and postmenopausal women. We also found significant dosage effects on BC risk with an increasing number of exposure factors, namely carrying the rs2854744 AA genotype, DISI <9.85 mg/day, and BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (Ptrend<0.05). Similarly, in CART analyses, compared with individuals having BMI<24kg/m2, DISI<9.85 mg/day, and the rs2854744 CC+CA genotype, BC risk increased significantly for those carrying the rs2854744 AA genotype, with BMI<24 kg/m2 and DISI<9.85 mg/day (OR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.03–3.69), and also for those with BMI≥24kg/m2 and DISI<9.85 mg/day (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.00–4.51). Similar interaction effects were observed among postmenopausal women. Conclusions This study suggests high-order interactions of the IGFBP-3 rs2854744 AA genotype, BMI≥24kg/m2, and DISI<9.85 mg/day on increased BC risk, particularly among postmenopausal women.
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Kitahara CM, McCullough ML, Franceschi S, Rinaldi S, Wolk A, Neta G, Olov Adami H, Anderson K, Andreotti G, Beane Freeman LE, Bernstein L, Buring JE, Clavel-Chapelon F, De Roo LA, Gao YT, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Håkansson N, Horn-Ross PL, Kirsh VA, Linet MS, MacInnis RJ, Orsini N, Park Y, Patel AV, Purdue MP, Riboli E, Robien K, Rohan T, Sandler DP, Schairer C, Schneider AB, Sesso HD, Shu XO, Singh PN, van den Brandt PA, Ward E, Weiderpass E, White E, Xiang YB, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Hartge P, Berrington de González A. Anthropometric Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk by Histological Subtype: Pooled Analysis of 22 Prospective Studies. Thyroid 2016; 26:306-18. [PMID: 26756356 PMCID: PMC4754509 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality. METHODS This large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations with thyroid cancer mortality were investigated in a subset of cohorts (578,922 men and 774,373 women) that contributed cause of death information. RESULTS During follow-up, 2996 incident thyroid cancers and 104 thyroid cancer deaths were identified. All anthropometric factors were positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence: hazard ratios (HR) [confidence intervals (CIs)] for height (per 5 cm) = 1.07 [1.04-1.10], BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.06 [1.02-1.10], waist circumference (per 5 cm) = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], young-adult BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], and adulthood BMI gain (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.07 [1.00-1.15]. Associations for baseline BMI and waist circumference were attenuated after mutual adjustment. Baseline BMI was more strongly associated with risk in men compared with women (p = 0.04). Positive associations were observed for papillary, follicular, and anaplastic, but not medullary, thyroid carcinomas. Similar, but stronger, associations were observed for thyroid cancer mortality. CONCLUSION The results suggest that greater height and excess adiposity throughout adulthood are associated with higher incidence of most major types of thyroid cancer, including the least common but most aggressive form, anaplastic carcinoma, and higher thyroid cancer mortality. Potential underlying biological mechanisms should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Kitahara
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Sabina Rinaldi
- 3 International Agency for Research on Cancer , Lyon, France
| | - Alicja Wolk
- 4 Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gila Neta
- 5 Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Hans Olov Adami
- 6 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
- 7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristin Anderson
- 8 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
- 9 Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- 10 Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Julie E Buring
- 7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
- 11 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francoise Clavel-Chapelon
- 12 Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Villejuif, France Paris South University , UMRS Inserm 1018 Team 9, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa A De Roo
- 13 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
- 14 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- 15 Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- 11 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 16 Division of Aging; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 17 Massachusetts Veteran's Epidemiology, Research, and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham G Giles
- 18 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria , Melbourne, Australia
- 19 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Carlton, Australia
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- 4 Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Vicki A Kirsh
- 21 Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario , Toronto, Canada
- 22 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Martha S Linet
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- 18 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria , Melbourne, Australia
- 19 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Carlton, Australia
| | - Nicola Orsini
- 4 Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yikyung Park
- 23 Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alpa V Patel
- 2 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark P Purdue
- 24 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto, Canada
| | - Elio Riboli
- 25 Imperial School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Robien
- 26 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington, DC
| | - Thomas Rohan
- 27 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Dale P Sandler
- 14 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Catherine Schairer
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Arthur B Schneider
- 28 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Howard D Sesso
- 7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
- 11 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 16 Division of Aging; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- 29 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pramil N Singh
- 30 Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- 31 Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Ward
- 32 Intramural Research, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- 6 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
- 33 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
- 34 Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research , Oslo, Norway
- 35 Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily White
- 36 Public Health Services Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
- 37 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- 15 Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- 38 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Wei Zheng
- 29 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patricia Hartge
- 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland
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Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and breast cancer risk and prognosis is complex, with associations that differ depending on when body size is assessed (e.g., pre- vs. postmenopausal obesity) and when breast cancer is diagnosed (i.e., pre- vs. postmenopausal disease). Further, the impact of obesity on risk differs by tumor hormone receptor status (e.g., estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor) and, among postmenopausal women, use of exogenous hormones (i.e., hormone replacement therapy (HRT)). In the context of these complexities, this review focuses on associations between childhood and adolescent adiposity, general adiposity, weight changes (i.e., loss and gain), abdominal adiposity, and breast cancer risk and survival. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms linking adiposity to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Mu F, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer E, Pollak MN, Missmer SA. A prospective study of insulin-like growth factor 1, its binding protein 3, and risk of endometriosis. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:148-56. [PMID: 26121987 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several retrospective case-control studies suggested that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) or insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) was associated with endometriosis. However, results are inconsistent and no prospective study exists. We prospectively evaluated associations between plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis in a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II. Between blood collections in 1996-1999 and 2007, we ascertained 310 premenopausal women with incident endometriosis and 615 matched controls. We estimated incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable conditional logistic regression. We observed no statistically significant associations between endometriosis and IGF-1 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 1.27; Ptrend = 0.48), IGFBP-3 (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.57; Ptrend = 0.51), and the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.34; Ptrend = 0.64), comparing the top with the bottom tertile. IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and the molar ratio appeared to be positively associated with endometriosis risk among women aged <40 years at blood draw (IGF-1: IRR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.86, 2.98; IGFBP-3: IRR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.16; IGF-1:IGFBP-3: IRR = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.88) but not among women aged ≥40 years at blood draw (all Pheterogeneity ≤ 0.05). Overall, these data suggest that, if IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 plays a role in the etiology of endometriosis, it is minimal and perhaps only among younger women.
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Bradbury KE, Balkwill A, Tipper SJ, Crowe FL, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V, Key TJ. The association of plasma IGF-I with dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and early life factors in postmenopausal women. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:90-5. [PMID: 25641638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher circulating concentrations of insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between circulating IGF-I concentrations and dietary factors (intakes of protein, dairy protein, and alcohol), lifestyle factors (smoking and HT use), anthropometric indices (height and adiposity) and factors in early life (birth weight, having been breastfed, body size at age 10, and at age 20) in postmenopausal women in the UK. DESIGN An analysis of plasma IGF-I concentrations (measured by immunoassay) in 1883 postmenopausal women. Multivariate analysis was used to examine correlates of plasma IGF-I concentrations. RESULTS Women in the highest quintile of total protein and dairy protein intakes had, respectively, 7.6% and 5.5% higher plasma IGF-I concentrations than women in the lowest quintile (p trend <0.05 for both). Other factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with reduced IGF-I concentrations were: consuming 14 or more vs 3-7 alcoholic drinks per week (8.8% lower IGF-I); current vs non-current HT users (9.9% lower IGF-I); current use of oestrogen alone vs oestrogen+progestagen (16.9% lower IGF-I); obese vs overweight (6.8% lower IGF-I); and women who reported wearing larger vs smaller clothes sizes at age 20 (4.9% lower IGF-I). CONCLUSIONS This study in post-menopausal women identified several potentially modifiable determinants of circulating IGF-I concentrations. There is now strong evidence from this and other studies that IGF-I concentrations are associated with dietary protein intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Angela Balkwill
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah J Tipper
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Francesca L Crowe
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Rinaldi S, Biessy C, de la Luz Hernandez M, Lajous M, Ortiz-Panozo E, Yunes E, Lopez-Ridaura R, Torres-Mejia G, Romieu I. Endogenous hormones, inflammation, and body size in premenopausal Mexican women: results from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC, ESMaestras). Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:475-86. [PMID: 25665532 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a major risk factor for several cancers, including female cancers. Endogenous hormones and inflammatory factors may mediate the association between anthropometric measures and cancer risk, although these associations have been studied mainly in Caucasians. The aim of the current study was to explore the association of circulating hormones, adipokines, and inflammatory factors with obesity and overweight in premenopausal Mexican women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 504 premenopausal women from the large Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC, ESMaestras) study to determine the association of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), its major circulating binding protein (IGFBP-3), leptin, adiponectin, C-peptide, and C-reactive protein with comprehensive measures of body size. Biomarkers were measured by immunoassays. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare geometric mean biomarker concentrations with measured markers of body size and adiposity. RESULTS Mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations significantly increased with increasing height and leg length. Concentrations of IGF-I, adiponectin, and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio strongly decreased with increasing BMI, weight, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), while CRP, leptin, C-peptide concentrations, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio strongly increased. Adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio remained significantly related to measures of central adiposity (waist circumference, WHpR, and WHtR) after adjustment by body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest a strong relation between biomarkers and body size in this study population and suggest that different fat depots may have different metabolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Bann D, Holly JM, Lashen H, Hardy R, Adams J, Kuh D, Ong KK, Ben‐Shlomo Y. Changes in insulin-like growth factor-I and -II associated with fat but not lean mass in early old age. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:692-8. [PMID: 25645314 PMCID: PMC4737231 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factors-I and II (IGF-I and II) decline during late midlife and that greater declines are related to higher fat mass and lower lean mass. METHODS A total of 1,542 men and women in a British birth cohort study had IGF-I and II measured by immunoassay of blood samples at age 53 and/or 60-64 years. Fat mass, android:gynoid fat ratio, and appendicular lean mass were measured at 60-64 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Associations between changes in IGF-I or II and body composition outcomes were examined using conditional change linear regression models. RESULTS Mean IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations were lower at 60-64 than at 53 years, by 12.8% for IGF-I and by 12.5% for IGF-II. Larger declines in either IGF-I or II were associated with higher fat mass at 60-64 years. Although higher IGF-I at 53 years was associated with higher lean mass, there was little evidence linking changes in IGF-I or II to lean mass. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that IGF-I and II concentrations decline with age, and greater declines are associated with higher fat mass levels. These results provide some evidence for the suggested roles of IGF-I and II in regulating fat mass but not lean mass in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jeff M.P. Holly
- IGFs and Metabolic EndocrinologySchool of Clinical Sciences, Bristol UniversityBristolUK
| | - Hany Lashen
- Department of Human MetabolismThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Judith Adams
- Department of RadiologyCentral Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreOxford RoadManchesterUK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Yoav Ben‐Shlomo
- School of Social and Community MedicineBristol UniversityBristolUK
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Kitahara CM, Gamborg M, Rajaraman P, Sørensen TIA, Baker JL. A prospective study of height and body mass index in childhood, birth weight, and risk of adult glioma over 40 years of follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:821-9. [PMID: 25205831 PMCID: PMC4188341 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater attained height and greater body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) in young adulthood have been associated with glioma risk, but few studies have investigated the association with body size at birth or during childhood, when the brain undergoes rapid cell growth and differentiation. The Copenhagen School Health Records Register includes data on 320,425 Danish schoolchildren born between 1930 and 1989, with height and weight measurements from ages 7-13 years and parentally recorded birth weights. We prospectively evaluated associations between childhood height and BMI, birth weight, and adult glioma risk. During follow-up (1968-2010), 355 men and 253 women aged ≥18 years were diagnosed with glioma. In boys, height at each age between 7 and 13 years was positively associated with glioma risk; hazard ratios per standard-deviation score at ages 7 (approximately 5.1 cm) and 13 (approximately 7.6 cm) years were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.30) and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.35), respectively. No associations were observed for childhood height in girls or for BMI. Birth weight was positively associated with risk (per 0.5 kg: hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.24). These results suggest that exposures associated with higher birth weight and, in boys, greater height during childhood may contribute to the etiology of adult glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Baker
- Correspondence to Dr. Jennifer L. Baker, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Frederiksberg, Denmark (e-mail: )
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Toriola AT, Fields RC. Inflammatory, insulin resistance metabolic markers and pancreatic cancer: quo vadis? [corrected]. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1519-22. [PMID: 25145419 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Park J, Morley TS, Kim M, Clegg DJ, Scherer PE. Obesity and cancer--mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:455-465. [PMID: 24935119 PMCID: PMC4374431 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the field of cancer research has directed increased interest towards subsets of obesity-associated tumours, which include mammary, renal, oesophageal, gastrointestinal and reproductive cancers in both men and women. The increased risk of breast cancer that is associated with obesity has been widely reported; this has drawn much attention and as such, warrants investigation of the key mechanisms that link the obese state with cancer aetiology. For instance, the obese setting provides a unique adipose tissue microenvironment with concomitant systemic endocrine alterations that favour both tumour initiation and progression. Major metabolic differences exist within tumours that distinguish them from non-transformed healthy tissues. Importantly, considerable metabolic differences are induced by tumour cells in the stromal vascular fraction that surrounds them. The precise mechanisms that underlie the association of obesity with cancer and the accompanying metabolic changes that occur in the surrounding microenvironment remain elusive. Nonetheless, specific therapeutic agents designed for patients with obesity who develop tumours are clearly needed. This Review discusses recent advances in understanding the contributions of obesity to cancer and their implications for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
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Dosaev T, Prakash J, Livshits G. Contribution of body composition components and soft-tissue biochemical factors to genetic variation of body mass index (BMI) in an ethnically homogeneous population. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:760-7. [PMID: 25043681 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated BMI results from an excess of not only fat mass (FM) but also fat-free soft tissue mass (FFM). Both components of body soft tissue, FM, and FFM, are now considered as active endocrine organs. The major aim of this study was to explore the genetic architecture of BMI, considering genetic variations of its major soft tissue components, and the main biochemical factors associated with their corresponding metabolism: leptin, adiponectin, E-selectin, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein, IGFBP-1. METHODS A total of 1,502 apparently healthy individuals (783 men, 719 women) from 359 ethnically homogeneous families were assessed anthropometrically for body composition. Model-based quantitative genetic analyses were implemented to reveal genetic and shared environmental factors affecting the variation and covariation of the studied phenotypes. RESULTS We found that inter-individual variation in BMI is strongly correlated with both body composition components (r > 0.92, P < 0.001). These correlations are caused by shared genetic and environmental factors that were interpreted to be a direct result of the intimate genetic and environmental correlations between FM and FFM. The latter were also significantly correlated with leptin, E-selectin, and IGFBP-1. However, whereas leptin displayed both genetic and environmental correlations with both FM and FFM, their correlations with E-selectin were caused only by common genes, and with IGFBP-1-only by a shared environment. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly suggests that FM and FFM contributed almost equally to BMI variation, and provides evidence that this contribution is caused by common genetic as well as shared environmental and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasbulat Dosaev
- Department of Anatomy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
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Schmidt JA, Allen NE, Almquist M, Franceschi S, Rinaldi S, Tipper SJ, Tsilidis KK, Weiderpass E, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Mesrine S, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Boeing H, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Krogh V, Panico S, Tumino R, Zanetti R, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Lund E, Menéndez V, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Larrañaga N, Hennings J, Sandström M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Key TJ, Travis RC. Insulin-like growth factor-i and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:976-85. [PMID: 24646451 PMCID: PMC4046912 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1210-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the causes of thyroid cancer, but insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) might play an important role in its development due to its mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties. METHODS This study prospectively investigated the association between serum IGF-I concentrations and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. The 345 incident cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma were individually matched to 735 controls by study center, sex and age, date, time, and fasting status at blood collection, follow-up duration, and for women menopausal status, use of exogenous hormones, and phase of menstrual cycle at blood collection. Serum IGF-I concentrations were measured by immunoassay, and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in relation to IGF-I concentration was estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS There was a positive association between IGF-I concentrations and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the OR for a doubling in IGF-I concentration was 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.08; Ptrend = 0.02). The positive association with IGF-I was stable over time between blood collection and cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IGF-I concentrations may be positively associated with risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. IMPACT This study provides the first prospective evidence of a potential association between circulating IGF-I concentrations and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and may prompt the further investigations needed to confirm the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Schmidt
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Martin Almquist
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Sarah J Tipper
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Kim Overvad
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Laure Dossus
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Annekatrin Lukanova
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Domenico Palli
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Virginia Menéndez
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Joakim Hennings
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Maria Sandström
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Nick Wareham
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Elio Riboli
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Timothy J Key
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; The School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biotatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London; Department of Public Health and Primary Care; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmö; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Departments of Medical Biosciences, Pathology; Surgical and Perioperative Science; and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Norwegian Arctic University, Tromsø; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Hormones and Cancer Group; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Pu
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for lycopene intervention. Nutrients 2013; 6:124-62. [PMID: 24379011 PMCID: PMC3916853 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the consequences of the current obesity epidemic. NAFLD is a major form of chronic liver disease that is highly prevalent in obese and overweight adults and children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of NAFLD, and uncontrolled inflammation as displayed in NASH has been identified as one of the key events in enhancing hepatic carcinogenesis. Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid and the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato and tomato products, as well as some fruits and vegetables. Lycopene's innate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have generated research interests on its capacity to protect against human diseases that are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, differential mechanisms of lycopene metabolism including endogenous cleavage by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (BCOs), generate lycopene metabolites that may also have significant impact on human disease development. However, it remains to be elucidated as to whether lycopene or its metabolites apolycopenoids have protective effects against obesity-related complications including inflammation and tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the in vivo experiments that elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review also provides an overview of lycopene metabolism, and the molecular pathways involved in the potential beneficial properties of lycopene and apolycopenoids. More research is clearly needed to fully unravel the importance of BCOs in tomato carotenoid metabolism and the consequence on human health and diseases.
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Wirén S, Häggström C, Ulmer H, Manjer J, Bjørge T, Nagel G, Johansen D, Hallmans G, Engeland A, Concin H, Jonsson H, Selmer R, Tretli S, Stocks T, Stattin P. Pooled cohort study on height and risk of cancer and cancer death. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 25:151-9. [PMID: 24173535 PMCID: PMC3929024 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between height and risk of cancer and cancer death. METHODS The metabolic syndrome and cancer project is a prospective pooled cohort study of 585,928 participants from seven cohorts in Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and death were estimated in height categories and per 5-cm increment for each cancer site using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 12.7 years (SD = 7.2), 38,862 participants were diagnosed with cancer and 13,547 participants died of cancer. Increased height (per 5-cm increment) was associated with an increased overall cancer risk in women, HR 1.07 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09), and in men, HR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.03-1.06). The highest HR was seen for malignant melanoma in women, HR 1.17 (95 % CI 1.11-1.24), and in men HR 1.12 (95 % CI 1.08-1.19). Height was also associated with increased risk of cancer death in women, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16), and in men, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01-1.05). The highest HR was observed for breast cancer death in postmenopausal women (>60 years), HR 1.10 (95 % CI 1.00-1.21), and death from renal cell carcinoma in men, HR 1.18 (95 % CI 1.07-1.30). All these associations were independent of body mass index. CONCLUSION Height was associated with risk of cancer and cancer death indicating that factors related to height such as hormonal and genetic factors stimulate both cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wirén
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden,
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Rinaldi S, Biessy C, Hernandez M, Lesueur F, dos-Santos-Silva I, Rice MS, Lajous M, Lopez-Ridaura R, Torres-Mejía G, Romieu I. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, genetic polymorphisms and mammographic density in premenopausal Mexican women: results from the ESMaestras cohort. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1436-44. [PMID: 24037648 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an essential role in the development of the mammary gland. High circulating levels of IGF-I and of its major binding protein IGFBP3 have been related with increased mammographic density in Caucasian premenopausal women. Some common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the IGF pathway have also been suggested to play a role in mammographic density. We conducted a cross-sectional study nested within the large Mexican ESMaestras cohort to investigate the relation between circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio, five common SNPs in the IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1R genes and mammographic density in 593 premenopausal Mexican women. Mean age at mammogram was 43.1 (standard deviation, SD = 3.7) years, and average body mass index (BMI) at recruitment was 28.5 kg/m(2). Mean percent mammographic density was 36.5% (SD: 17.1), with mean dense tissue area of 48.3 (SD: 33.3) cm(2) . Mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were 15.33 (SD: 5.52) nmol/l and 114.96 (SD: 21.34) nmol/l, respectively. No significant associations were seen between percent density and biomarker concentrations, but women with higher IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 concentrations had lower absolute dense (p(trend) = 0.03 and 0.09, respectively) and nondense tissue areas (p(trend) < 0.001 for both parameters). However, these associations were null after adjustment by BMI. SNPs in specific genes were associated with circulating levels of growth factors, but not with mammographic density features. These results do not support the hypothesis of a strong association between circulating levels of growth hormones and mammographic density in Mexican premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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