1
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Wang H, Zhao J, Nie Q, Zheng C, Sun X. Dissecting Spatiotemporal Structures in Spatial Transcriptomics via Diffusion-Based Adversarial Learning. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0390. [PMID: 38812530 PMCID: PMC11134684 DOI: 10.34133/research.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to unveil the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression and cell states within tissues. Despite these capabilities of the ST data, accurately dissecting spatiotemporal structures (e.g., spatial domains, temporal trajectories, and functional interactions) remains challenging. Here, we introduce a computational framework, PearlST (partial differential equation [PDE]-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder of ST), for accurate inference of spatiotemporal structures from the ST data using PDE-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder. PearlST employs contrastive learning to extract histological image features, integrates a PDE-based diffusion model to enhance characterization of spatial features at domain boundaries, and learns the latent low-dimensional embeddings via Wasserstein adversarial regularized graph autoencoders. Comparative analyses across multiple ST datasets with varying resolutions demonstrate that PearlST outperforms existing methods in spatial clustering, trajectory inference, and pseudotime analysis. Furthermore, PearlST elucidates functional regulations of the latent features by linking intercellular ligand-receptor interactions to most contributing genes of the low-dimensional embeddings, as illustrated in a human breast cancer dataset. Overall, PearlST proves to be a powerful tool for extracting interpretable latent features and dissecting intricate spatiotemporal structures in ST data across various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wang
- College of Mathematics and System Sciences,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- College of Mathematics and System Sciences,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research,
University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chunhou Zheng
- School of Artificial Intelligence,
Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- School of Mathematics,
Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Anwar MM, Ahmed NS, Abd El-Karim SS, Abdelwahed SH. Recent Advances in Structural Optimization of Quinazoline-Based Protein Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy (2021-Present). Molecules 2024; 29:875. [PMID: 38398626 PMCID: PMC10892255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated, multifaceted disease that can impact any organ in the body. Various chemotherapeutic agents have a low selectivity and are very toxic when used alone or in combination with others. Resistance is one of the most important hurdles that develop due to the use of many anticancer therapeutics. As a result, treating cancer requires a target-specific palliative care strategy. Remarkable scientific discoveries have shed light on several of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer, resulting in the development of various targeted anticancer agents. One of the most important heterocyclic motifs is quinazoline, which has a wide range of biological uses and chemical reactivities. Newer, more sophisticated medications with quinazoline structures have been found in the last few years, and great strides have been made in creating effective protocols for building these pharmacologically active scaffolds. A new class of chemotherapeutic agents known as quinazoline-based derivatives possessing anticancer properties consists of several well-known compounds that block different protein kinases and other molecular targets. This review highlights recent updates (2021-2024) on various quinazoline-based derivatives acting against different protein kinases as anticancer chemotherapeutics. It also provides guidance for the design and synthesis of novel quinazoline analogues that could serve as lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T. Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Manal M. Anwar
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (N.S.A.); (S.S.A.E.-K.)
| | - Nesreen S. Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (N.S.A.); (S.S.A.E.-K.)
| | - Somaia S. Abd El-Karim
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (N.S.A.); (S.S.A.E.-K.)
| | - Sameh H. Abdelwahed
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
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3
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Deng L, Michielsen CCJR, Vrieling F, Hooiveld GJEJ, Stienstra R, Feitsma AL, Kersten S, Afman LA. Milk fat globule membrane modulates inflammatory pathways in human monocytes: A crossover human intervention study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:232-245. [PMID: 38101314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of high-fat foods raises postprandial plasma triglycerides and inflammatory markers, which may depend on the type of fat ingested. Dairy products are commonly consumed, but not much is known about the impact of milk fat and the milk fat globule membrane on postprandial inflammation. Here, we aimed to study the effect of milk fat with and without milk fat globule membrane and a vegetable fat blend on post-prandial inflammation, with a focus on blood monocyte gene expression. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial in 37 middle-aged healthy male and female volunteers (BMI 22-27 kg/m2). The participants consumed a meal shake containing 95.5 g of fat consisting of either a vegetable fat blend (VEGE), anhydrous milk fat (AMF, without milk fat globule membrane), or cream (CREAM, containing milk fat globule membrane). Blood monocytes were collected at 0 h and 6 h postprandially and used for bulk RNA sequencing and ex vivo stimulation with LPS. RESULTS Consumption of all three shakes significantly decreased the percentage of classical monocytes and increased the percentages of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes. No differences in these measures were observed between shakes. Using a threshold of p < 0.01, 787 genes were differentially regulated postprandially between the three shakes. 89 genes were differentially regulated postprandially between AMF and VEGE, 373 genes between AMF and CREAM, and 667 genes between VEGE and CREAM, indicating that the effect of CREAM on monocyte gene expression was distinct from AMF and VEGE. Pathway analyses showed that VEGE significantly increased the expression of genes involved in inflammatory pathways, whereas this was less pronounced after AMF and not observed after CREAM. In addition, CREAM significantly down-regulated the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism-related pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as HIF-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Compared to the consumption of an anhydrous milk fat without milk fat globule membrane and a vegetable fat blend, the consumption of cream with milk fat globule membrane downregulated inflammatory pathways in blood monocytes, thus suggesting a potential inflammation inhibitory effect of milk fat globule membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C J R Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk L Feitsma
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Aloui M, Er-rajy M, Imtara H, Goudzal A, Zarougui S, El fadili M, Arthur DE, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Tarayrah M, Menana E. QSAR modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamic and ADMET prediction of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101911. [PMID: 38226346 PMCID: PMC10788635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a focus on developing and discovering novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, as they offer an effective treatment strategy for B-cell malignancies. BTK plays a crucial role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated activation and proliferation by regulating downstream factors such as the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways. To address this challenge and propose potential therapeutic options for B-cell lymphomas, researchers conducted 2D-QSAR and ADMET studies on pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives that act as inhibitors of the BCR site in cytochrome b. These studies aim to improve and identify new compounds that could serve as more potent potential BTK inhibitors, which would lead to the identification of new drug candidates in this field. In our study, we used 2D-QSAR (multiple linear regression, multiple nonlinear regression, and artificial neural networks), molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and ADMET properties to investigate the potential of 35 pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as BTK inhibitors. A molecular docking study and molecular dynamics simulations of molecule 13 over 10 ns revealed that it establishes multiple hydrogen bonds with several residues and exhibits frequent stability throughout the simulation period. Based on the results obtained by molecular modeling, we proposed six new compounds (Pred1, Pred2, Pred3, Pred4, Pred5, and Pred6) with highly significant predicted activity by MLR models. A study based on the in silico evaluation of the predicted ADMET properties of the new candidate molecules is strongly recommended to classify these molecules as promising candidates for new anticancer agents specifically designed to target Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Aloui
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Er-rajy
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamada Imtara
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, Jenin 44862, Palestine
| | - Amina Goudzal
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sara Zarougui
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El fadili
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - David E. Arthur
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Tarayrah
- Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Port Royal, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Cochin, Paris University, CNRS, IN-SERM, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Elhalaoui Menana
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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5
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Tkachenko A, Kupcova K, Havranek O. B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Beyond: The Role of Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) in Normal and Malignant B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 38203179 PMCID: PMC10779339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) is a B cell hallmark surface complex regulating multiple cellular processes in normal as well as malignant B cells. Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) are essential components of BCR that are indispensable for its functionality, signal initiation, and signal transduction. CD79a/CD79b-mediated BCR signaling is required for the survival of normal as well as malignant B cells via a wide signaling network. Recent studies identified the great complexity of this signaling network and revealed the emerging role of CD79a/CD79b in signal integration. In this review, we have focused on functional features of CD79a/CD79b, summarized signaling consequences of CD79a/CD79b post-translational modifications, and highlighted specifics of CD79a/CD79b interactions within BCR and related signaling cascades. We have reviewed the complex role of CD79a/CD79b in multiple aspects of normal B cell biology and how is the normal BCR signaling affected by lymphoid neoplasms associated CD79A/CD79B mutations. We have also summarized important unresolved questions and highlighted issues that remain to be explored for better understanding of CD79a/CD79b-mediated signal transduction and the eventual identification of additional therapeutically targetable BCR signaling vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kupcova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine–Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine–Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Gao L, Chuai H, Ma M, Zhang SQ, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y, Xin M. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of selenium-containing PI3Kδ inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106815. [PMID: 37672953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PI3Kδ inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Herein, using our reported compounds as the lead compound, we designed and synthesized a series of selenium-containing PI3Kδ inhibitors based on quinazoline and pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeletons. Among them, compound Se15 showed sub-nanomolar inhibition against PI3Kδ and strong δ-selectivity. Moreover, Se15 showed potent anti-proliferative effect on SU-DHL-6 cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM. Molecular docking study showed that Se15 was able to form multiple hydrogen bonds with PI3Kδ and was close proximity and stacking with PI3Kδ selective region. In conclusion, the Se-containing compound Se15 bearing pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffold is a novel potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor. The introduction of selenium can enrich the structure of PI3Kδ inhibitors and provide a new idea for design of novel PI3Kδ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chuai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Mengyan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Henan Xibaikang Health Industry Co., Ltd, Jiyuan, Henan 459006, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan Xibaikang Health Industry Co., Ltd, Jiyuan, Henan 459006, PR China
| | - Minhang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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7
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Fang X, Liu C, Zhang K, Yang W, Wu Z, Shen S, Ma Y, Lu X, Chen Y, Lu T, Hu Q, Jiang Y. Discovery of orally active 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylens as novel, selective, and potent covalent BTK inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114940. [PMID: 36462441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a crucial role in adaptive and immune responses by modulating B-cell, Fc, toll-like, and chemokine receptor signaling pathways. BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The development of novel, highly selective, and less toxic BTK inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of autoimmune diseases with unmet medical needs. In this study, structure-based drug design was used to discover a series of novel, potent, and selective covalent BTK inhibitors with a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylen scaffold. Among them, compound 36R exhibited high kinase selectivity, long target occupancy time, appropriate pharmacokinetic properties, and dose-dependent efficacy in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. Therefore, 36R is a novel BTK inhibitor requiring further development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Fang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Wanping Yang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zewen Wu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shige Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yule Ma
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xun Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Yulei Jiang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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8
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Kim T, Kim K, Park I, Hong S, Park H. Two-Track Virtual Screening Approach to Identify the Dual Inhibitors of Wild Type and C481S Mutant of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4500-4511. [PMID: 36001093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is responsible for the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the discovery of efficient medicines has seen limited success due to the constitutively active mutants that acquired the drug resistance. To disclose the dual inhibitors against the wild-type BTK and the problematic drug-resistant C481S mutant, a large chemical library was virtually screened with extensive molecular docking simulations using two target proteins. As a consequence of imposing the configurational restraint to make a hydrogen bond in the hinge region of BTK as well as modifying the ligand dehydration term in the scoring function, a total of 20 dual inhibitors were discovered with the range of the associated IC50 values from 2.5 to 15 μM. All these dual inhibitors revealed the inhibitory activity against the C481S mutant to a comparable extent to that measured for the wild type. Among the new inhibitors, N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine (1) appeared to be most suitable as a starting point of the lead optimization due to the highest biochemical potency against the C481S mutant as well as the lowest molecular weight. To increase the potential of a drug candidate, 1 was modified into 6,7-dimethoxy-N-(pyridin-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amine (12) via chemical synthesis so as to possess better physicochemical properties without loss of the biochemical potency. 12 is suggested as a new effective molecular core from which numerous druggable dual inhibitors of the wild-type BTK and the C481S mutant would be derivatized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Kewon Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Inyoung Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
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9
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Zhang NN, Bai X, Zhao SS, Zheng XM, Tang L, Yang SG, Zhang JQ. Computational study reveals substituted benzimidazole derivatives' binding selectivity to PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ. J Mol Model 2022; 28:123. [PMID: 35438328 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key regulatory kinase in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Class IA PI3K isoforms γ and δ share a highly homologous ATP binding site and are distinguished by only a few residues around the binding site. Subtype-selective inhibitors have been proven to have great advantages in tumor treatment. Preliminary studies have obtained PI3K inhibitors bearing a benzimidazole structural motif with a certain selectivity for PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ subtypes. On this basis, we investigated the selective inhibitory mechanism of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ using four developed inhibitors via molecular docking, molecular dynamics, binding free energy calculations, and residue energy decomposition. This study could provide references for the further development of PI3K-isoform-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Pharmacy Department of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 55000, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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11
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Hopkins BT, Bame E, Bajrami B, Black C, Bohnert T, Boiselle C, Burdette D, Burns JC, Delva L, Donaldson D, Grater R, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson J, Kapadnis S, King K, Lulla M, Ma B, Marx I, Magee T, Meissner R, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Otipoby KL, Polack E, Poreci U, Prince R, Roach AM, Rowbottom C, Santoro JC, Schroeder P, Tang H, Tien E, Zhang F, Lyssikatos J. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB091, a Reversible, Selective BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1206-1224. [PMID: 34734694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury leading to permeant disability. In the early stage of MS, inflammation is the primary driver of the disease progression. There remains an unmet need to develop high efficacy therapies with superior safety profiles to prevent the inflammation processes leading to disability. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB091, a structurally distinct orthosteric ATP competitive, reversible inhibitor that binds the BTK protein in a DFG-in confirmation designed to sequester Tyr-551, an important phosphorylation site on BTK, into an inactive conformation with excellent affinity. Preclinical studies demonstrated BIB091 to be a high potency molecule with good drug-like properties and a safety/tolerability profile suitable for clinical development as a highly selective, reversible BTKi for treating autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Hopkins
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eris Bame
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cheryl Black
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tonika Bohnert
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Carrie Boiselle
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Doug Burdette
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy C Burns
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luisette Delva
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas Donaldson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Grater
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chungang Gu
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Josh Johnson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sudarshan Kapadnis
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kris King
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mukesh Lulla
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac Marx
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert Meissner
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M Metrick
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kevin L Otipoby
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Evelyne Polack
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin Prince
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Allie M Roach
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chris Rowbottom
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eric Tien
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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12
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Merino-Vico A, van Hamburg JP, Tas SW. B Lineage Cells in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:387. [PMID: 35008813 PMCID: PMC8745114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects small sized blood vessels and can lead to serious complications in the lungs and kidneys. The prominent presence of ANCA autoantibodies in this disease implicates B cells in its pathogenesis, as these are the precursors of the ANCA-producing plasma cells (PCs). Further evidence supporting the potential role of B lineage cells in vasculitis are the increased B cell cytokine levels and the dysregulated B cell populations in patients. Confirmation of the contribution of B cells to pathology arose from the beneficial effect of anti-CD20 therapy (i.e., rituximab) in AAV patients. These anti-CD20 antibodies deplete circulating B cells, which results in amelioration of disease. However, not all patients respond completely, and this treatment does not target PCs, which can maintain ANCA production. Hence, it is important to develop more specific therapies for AAV patients. Intracellular signalling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets as they can show (disease-specific) alterations in certain B lineage cells, including pathogenic B cells, and contribute to differentiation and survival of PCs. Preliminary data on the inhibition of certain signalling molecules downstream of receptors specific for B lineage cells show promising therapeutic effects. In this narrative review, B cell specific receptors and their downstream signalling molecules that may contribute to pathology in AAV are discussed, including the potential to therapeutically target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Dou D, Sha W, Diao Y, Su R, Qiao Y, Yu Z, Zhao Z, Li H, Chen Z, Xu Y. Discovery of pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives as novel non-covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105541. [PMID: 34910982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an attractive target for the treatment of malignancy and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Most of the covalent BTK inhibitors would induce off-target side effects and drug resistance. To improve the drug safety of BTK inhibitors, non-covalent inhibitors have attracted more and more attention. We designed a series of novel pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives (N-A and N-B) via scaffold hopping from CGI-1746. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the newly-synthesized compounds was explored. The results showed that compounds 12 and 18 exhibited potent enzymatic potency against BTK with IC50 values of 0.22 μM and 0.19 μM, respectively. In lymphoma cell lines U-937 cells and Ramos cells, compounds 12 and 18 displayed comparative antiproliferative activity with Ibrutinib. Moreover, compound 12 induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U-937 cells. And it could effectively inhibit tumor growth in U-937 xenograft mouse model (TGI = 41.90% at 50 mg/kg). In all, the new pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives have the antitumor potency by BTK inhibition and were worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjie Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongrong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunjin Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhixiao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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14
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Qiu H, Ali Z, Bowlan J, Caldwell R, Gardberg A, Glaser N, Goutopoulos A, Head J, Johnson T, Maurer C, Georgi K, Grenningloh R, Fang Z, Morandi F, Rohdich F, Schmidt R, Follis AV, Sherer B. Discovery of Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Decreased CYP2C8 Inhibitory Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3653-3662. [PMID: 34582626 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the Tec kinase family that is expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage. Evidence has shown that inhibition of BTK has clinical benefit for the treatment of a wide array of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Previously we reported the discovery of a novel nicotinamide selectivity pocket (SP) series of potent and selective covalent irreversible BTK inhibitors. The top molecule 1 of that series strongly inhibited CYP2C8 (IC50 =100 nM), which was attributed to the bridged linker group. However, our effort on the linker replacement turned out to be fruitless. With the study of the X-ray crystal structure of compound 1, we envisioned the opportunity of removal of this liability via transposition of the linker moiety in 1 from C6 to C5 position of the pyridine core. With this strategy, our optimization led to the discovery of a novel series, in which the top molecule 18 A displayed reduced CYP inhibitory activity and good potency. To further explore this new series, different warheads besides acrylamide, for example cyanamide, were also tested. However, this effort didn't lead to the discovery of molecules with better potency than 18 A. The loss of potency in those molecules could be related to the reduced reactivity of the warhead or reversible binding mode. Further profiling of 18 A disclosed that it had a strong hERG (human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene) inhibition, which could be related to the phenoxyphenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Zahid Ali
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Julian Bowlan
- Repare Therapeutics, 1 Broadway, 15th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richard Caldwell
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Anna Gardberg
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nina Glaser
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Theresa Johnson
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | | | - Katrin Georgi
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Zhizhou Fang
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Federica Morandi
- Cellular Enzymology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Konzern-Hauptsitz, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Rohdich
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Ariele Viacava Follis
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
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15
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Qiu H, Ali Z, Bender A, Caldwell R, Chen YY, Fang Z, Gardberg A, Glaser N, Goettsche A, Goutopoulos A, Grenningloh R, Hanschke B, Head J, Johnson T, Jones C, Jones R, Kulkarni S, Maurer C, Morandi F, Neagu C, Poetzsch S, Potnick J, Schmidt R, Roe K, Viacava Follis A, Wing C, Zhu X, Sherer B. Discovery of potent and selective reversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116163. [PMID: 33932711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a cytoplasmic, non-receptor tyrosine kinase member of the TEC family of tyrosine kinases. Pre-clinical and clinical data have shown that targeting BTK can be used for the treatment for B-cell disorders. Here we disclose the discovery of a novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine series of potent, selective reversible BTK inhibitors through a rational design approach. From a starting hit molecule 1, medicinal chemistry optimization led to the development of a lead compound 30, which exhibited 58 nM BTK inhibitory potency in human whole blood and high kinome selectivity. Additionally, the compound demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics (PK), and showed potent dose-dependent efficacy in a rat CIA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1).
| | - Zahid Ali
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Andrew Bender
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Richard Caldwell
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Stoke Therapeutics, 45 Wiggins Ave, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Zhizhou Fang
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Anna Gardberg
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First St #200, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nina Glaser
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Anja Goettsche
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Bettina Hanschke
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Theresa Johnson
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Christopher Jones
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Reinaldo Jones
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Shashank Kulkarni
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Christine Maurer
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Federica Morandi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, Basel-Stadt, CH 4070, Switzerland
| | - Constantin Neagu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Sven Poetzsch
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Hessen, DE 64293, Germany
| | - Justin Potnick
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Katherine Roe
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Ariele Viacava Follis
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Carolyn Wing
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA(1)
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li W, Tian S. PECAM1 Combines With CXCR4 to Trigger Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Pulpitis Progression Through Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:593653. [PMID: 33425898 PMCID: PMC7786183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpitis is a frequent bacterially driven inflammation featured with the local accumulation of inflammatory products in human dental pulps. A GEO dataset GSE16134 comprising data of inflamed dental pulp tissues was used for bioinformatics analyses. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis suggested that chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) owned a high correlation with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1). A rat model with pulpitis was established, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) were used for in vitro experiments. Then, high expression of PECAM1 and CXCR4 was validated in the inflamed dental pulp tissues in rats and in LPS-induced HDPFs. Either downregulation of PECAM1 or CXCR4 suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in inflamed tissues as well as the inflammation and apoptosis of HDPFs. A transcription factor myocyte-enhancer factor 2 (MEF2C) was predicted and validated as a positive regulator of either PECAM1 or CXCR4, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted pulpitis progression. To sum up, this study suggested that MEF2C transcriptionally activates PECAM1 and CXCR4 to activate the B-cell and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and pulpitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Songbo Tian
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Gao F, Fan S, Dai L, Zhang J. KPNA2-Associated Immune Analyses Highlight the Dysregulation and Prognostic Effects of GRB2, NRAS, and Their RNA-Binding Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:593273. [PMID: 33193737 PMCID: PMC7649362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.593273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) was reported to be overexpressed and have unfavorable prognostic effects in many malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although its contributions to inflammatory response were reported in many studies, its specific associations with immune infiltrations and immune pathways during cancer progression were unclear. Here, we aimed to identify new markers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis through KPNA2-associated immune analyses. RNA-seq expression data of HCC datasets were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. The gene expressions were counts per million normalized. The infiltrations of 24 kinds of immune cells in the samples were evaluated with ImmuCellAI (Immune Cell Abundance Identifier). The Spearman correlations of the immune infiltrations with KPNA2 expression were investigated, and the specific positive correlation of B-cell infiltration with KPNA2 expression in HCC tumors was identified. Fifteen genes in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) B-cell receptor signaling pathway presented significant correlations with KPNA2 expression in HCC. Among them, GRB2 and NRAS were indicated to be independent unfavorable prognostic factors for HCC overall survival. Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium HCC dataset was investigated to validate the results at protein level. The upregulation and unfavorable prognostic effects of KPNA2 and GRB2 were confirmed, whereas, unlike its mRNA form, NRAS protein was presented to be downregulated and have favorable prognostic effects. Through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the diagnostic potential of the three proteins was shown. The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) of KPNA2, NRAS, and GRB2, downloaded via The Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes, were investigated for their clinical significance in HCC at protein level. An eight-RBP signature with independent prognostic value and dysregulations in HCC was identified. All the RBPs were significantly correlated with MKI67 expression and at least one of KPNA2, GRB2, and NRAS at protein level in HCC, indicating their roles in HCC progression and the regulation of the three proteins. We concluded that KPNA2, GRB2, NRAS, and their RBPs might have coordinating roles in HCC immunoregulation and progression. They might be new markers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis predication and new targets for HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fenglan Gao
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Lim NK, Zhang H, Sowell CG, Gosselin F. A fit for purpose synthesis of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor GDC-0852. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Review of Natural Compounds for the Management and Prevention of Lymphoma. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that can be categorized into two types-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A total of 509,590 and 79,990 cases of NHL and HL were newly diagnosed in 2018, respectively. Although conventional therapy has stridden forward over recent decades, its adverse effects are still a hurdle to be solved. Thus, to help researchers develop better lymphoma treatment, this study aims to review the systematic anticancer data for natural products and their compounds. A variety of natural products showed anticancerous effects on lymphoma by regulation of intracellular mechanisms including apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. As these results shed light on the potential to substitute conventional therapy with natural products, it may become a promising strategy for lymphoma treatment in the near future.
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20
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Crawford JJ, Lee W, Johnson AR, Delatorre KJ, Chen J, Eigenbrot C, Heidmann J, Kakiuchi-Kiyota S, Katewa A, Kiefer JR, Liu L, Lubach JW, Misner D, Purkey H, Reif K, Vogt J, Wong H, Yu C, Young WB. Stereochemical Differences in Fluorocyclopropyl Amides Enable Tuning of Btk Inhibition and Off-Target Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1588-1597. [PMID: 32832028 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is thought to play a pathogenic role in chronic immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. While covalent, irreversible Btk inhibitors are approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies, they are not approved for autoimmune indications. In efforts to develop additional series of reversible Btk inhibitors for chronic immune diseases, we sought to differentiate from our clinical stage inhibitor fenebrutinib using cyclopropyl amide isosteres of the 2-aminopyridyl group to occupy the flat, lipophilic H2 pocket. While drug-like properties were retained-and in some cases improved-a safety liability in the form of hERG inhibition was observed. When a fluorocyclopropyl amide was incorporated, Btk and off-target activity was found to be stereodependent and a lead compound was identified in the form of the (R,R)- stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adam R. Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kelly J. Delatorre
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Heidmann
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Arna Katewa
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R. Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W. Lubach
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dinah Misner
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Purkey
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer Vogt
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy B. Young
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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21
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Chan P, Yu J, Chinn L, Prohn M, Huisman J, Matzuka B, Hanley W, Tuckwell K, Quartino A. Population Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy Exposure-response Analysis, and Model-based Meta-analysis of Fenebrutinib in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis [corrected]. Pharm Res 2020; 37:25. [PMID: 31907670 PMCID: PMC6944649 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Fenebrutinib (GDC-0853), a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was investigated in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to apply a model-informed drug development (MIDD) approach to examine the totality of available clinical efficacy data. Methods Population pharmacokinetics (popPK) modeling, exposure-response (E-R) analysis, and model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) of fenebrutinib were performed based on the Phase 2 data. Results PopPK of fenebrutinib after oral administration was described using a 3-compartment model with linear elimination and a flexible absorption transit compartment model. Healthy subjects had a 52% higher apparent clearance than patients. E-R analyses based on longitudinal ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 and DAS28 (CRP) data modeled fenebrutinib effect with an Emax function, and an efficacy plateau was achieved within the exposure range obtained in the Phase 2 clinical trial. Based on literature data, a summary-level clinical efficacy database was constructed, and MBMA determined ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responder rates in the placebo and adalimumab arms of the Phase 2 clinical trial were found to be consistent with historical data for these treatments. Conclusions Our multi-pronged approach applied MIDD to maximize knowledge extraction of efficacy data and enabled robust interpretation from a Phase 2 clinical trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-019-2752-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Chan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leslie Chinn
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - William Hanley
- Former Genentech employee, currently of Seattle Genetics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katie Tuckwell
- Clinical Sciences, Early Clinical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angelica Quartino
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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22
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Caldwell RD, Qiu H, Askew BC, Bender AT, Brugger N, Camps M, Dhanabal M, Dutt V, Eichhorn T, Gardberg AS, Goutopoulos A, Grenningloh R, Head J, Healey B, Hodous BL, Huck BR, Johnson TL, Jones C, Jones RC, Mochalkin I, Morandi F, Nguyen N, Meyring M, Potnick JR, Santos DC, Schmidt R, Sherer B, Shutes A, Urbahns K, Follis AV, Wegener AA, Zimmerli SC, Liu-Bujalski L. Discovery of Evobrutinib: An Oral, Potent, and Highly Selective, Covalent Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Immunological Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7643-7655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Caldwell
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ben C. Askew
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Andrew T. Bender
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Nadia Brugger
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Montserrat Camps
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Mohanraj Dhanabal
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Vikram Dutt
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Thomas Eichhorn
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Anna S. Gardberg
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Brian Healey
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Brian L. Hodous
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Bayard R. Huck
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Theresa L. Johnson
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Christopher Jones
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Reinaldo C. Jones
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Igor Mochalkin
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Federica Morandi
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Michael Meyring
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Justin R. Potnick
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Dusica Cvetinovic Santos
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Adam Shutes
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Klaus Urbahns
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ariele Viacava Follis
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ansgar A. Wegener
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Simone C. Zimmerli
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Lesley Liu-Bujalski
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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23
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24
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Identification of potential therapeutic targets of deer antler extract on bone regulation based on serum proteomic analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4861-4872. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Gregson A, Thompson K, Tsirka SE, Selwood DL. Emerging small-molecule treatments for multiple sclerosis: focus on B cells. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-245. [PMID: 30863536 PMCID: PMC6402079 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16495.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of disability in young adults. Following an unknown trigger (or triggers), the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding axons, leading to progressive nerve cell death. Antibodies and small-molecule drugs directed against B cells have demonstrated good efficacy in slowing progression of the disease. This review focusses on small-molecule drugs that can affect B-cell biology and may have utility in disease management. The risk genes for MS are examined from the drug target perspective. Existing small-molecule therapies for MS with B-cell actions together with new drugs in development are described. The potential for experimental molecules with B-cell effects is also considered. Small molecules can have diverse actions on B cells and be cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. The current B cell-directed therapies often kill B-cell subsets, which can be effective but lead to side effects and toxicity. A deeper understanding of B-cell biology and the effect on MS disease should lead to new drugs with better selectivity, efficacy, and an improved safety profile. Small-molecule drugs, once the patent term has expired, provide a uniquely sustainable form of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gregson
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kaitlyn Thompson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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26
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Qiu H, Caldwell R, Liu-Bujalski L, Goutopoulos A, Jones R, Potnick J, Sherer B, Bender A, Grenningloh R, Xu D, Gardberg A, Mochalkin I, Johnson T, Viacava Follis A, Head J, Morandi F. Discovery of Affinity-Based Probes for Btk Occupancy Assays. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:217-223. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Richard Caldwell
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Lesley Liu-Bujalski
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Reinaldo Jones
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Justin Potnick
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Andrew Bender
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Daigen Xu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Anna Gardberg
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals; 215 First Street, Suite 200 Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Igor Mochalkin
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Theresa Johnson
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Ariele Viacava Follis
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute; 45A Middlesex Turnpike Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Federica Morandi
- Cellular Enzymology; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Konzern-Hauptsitz; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
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27
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Qiu H, Liu-Bujalski L, Caldwell RD, Viacava Follis A, Gardberg A, Goutopoulos A, Grenningloh R, Head J, Johnson T, Jones CC, Jones R, Mochalkin I, Morandi F, Neagu C, Potnick J, Sherer B. Optimization of the efflux ratio and permeability of covalent irreversible BTK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3307-3311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Crawford JJ, Johnson AR, Misner DL, Belmont LD, Castanedo G, Choy R, Coraggio M, Dong L, Eigenbrot C, Erickson R, Ghilardi N, Hau J, Katewa A, Kohli PB, Lee W, Lubach JW, McKenzie BS, Ortwine DF, Schutt L, Tay S, Wei B, Reif K, Liu L, Wong H, Young WB. Discovery of GDC-0853: A Potent, Selective, and Noncovalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Early Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2227-2245. [PMID: 29457982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a nonreceptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell and myeloid cell activation, downstream of B-cell and Fcγ receptors, respectively. Preclinical studies have indicated that inhibition of Btk activity might offer a potential therapy in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Here we disclose the discovery and preclinical characterization of a potent, selective, and noncovalent Btk inhibitor currently in clinical development. GDC-0853 (29) suppresses B cell- and myeloid cell-mediated components of disease and demonstrates dose-dependent activity in an in vivo rat model of inflammatory arthritis. It demonstrates highly favorable safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles in preclinical and Phase 2 studies ongoing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. On the basis of its potency, selectivity, long target residence time, and noncovalent mode of inhibition, 29 has the potential to be a best-in-class Btk inhibitor for a wide range of immunological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Adam R Johnson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Dinah L Misner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Lisa D Belmont
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Georgette Castanedo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Regina Choy
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Melis Coraggio
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Liming Dong
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Rebecca Erickson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nico Ghilardi
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jonathan Hau
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Arna Katewa
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Pawan Bir Kohli
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Leah Schutt
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Suzanne Tay
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Wendy B Young
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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29
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Efficient role of IgH 3' regulatory region deficient B-cells in the development of oil granulomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38741-38749. [PMID: 27231852 PMCID: PMC5122425 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional B-cells are essential for the formation of oil granulomas. The IgH 3′ regulatory region (3′RR) activates important check-points during B-cell maturation. We investigated if 3′RR-deficient B-cells remain efficient to develop oil granulomas in response to pristine. B-cells expressing an IgH 3′RR-deficient allele were similarly recruited to wild type allele expressing B-cells in the granuloma. No differences were observed between 3′RR-deficient mice and control mice for granuloma numbers, cellular composition and ability to express mRNA transcripts for several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether these results suggest a normal role for 3′RR-deficient B-cells in the development of an acute B-cell-mediated inflammatory response.
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30
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Reth M, Gold MR. What goes up must come down: A tripartite Dok-3/Grb2/SHIP1 inhibitory module limits BCR signaling. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2507-2511. [PMID: 27813071 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Properly regulated immunity requires precise integration of activating and inhibitory signals. As for other lymphocytes, B cells express an antigen-specific activating receptor, the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), and inhibitory receptors (e.g. FcγRIIb) that exercise checkpoint control on B-cell activation. Moreover, following BCR engagement, CD19 recruits proteins that amplify BCR signaling, while CD22 initiates a negative feedback loop by recruiting proteins that inhibit BCR signaling. Initial BCR signaling is mediated by protein tyrosine kinases and lipid kinases; inhibitory receptors directly antagonize the actions of these enzymes by recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatases and lipid phosphatases and positioning them close to actively signaling BCRs. Previously it was thought that inhibitory receptors such as FcγRIIb and CD22 were essential for bringing these phosphatases near the BCR. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Manno et al. show that a tripartite inhibitory module consisting of the adaptor proteins Dok-3 and Grb2 and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1 binds directly to activated BCRs and limits the Ca2+ mobilization that is required for B lymphocyte activation. This reveals that the BCR can be both an activating and inhibitory receptor, one that activates signaling enzymes while initiating a negative feedback loop that prevents excessive signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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31
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Huang J, Cheung F, Tan HY, Hong M, Wang N, Yang J, Feng Y, Zheng Q. Identification of the active compounds and significant pathways of yinchenhao decoction based on network pharmacology. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4583-4592. [PMID: 28791364 PMCID: PMC5646998 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, which has been widely used for the treatment of jaundice for 2,000 years. Currently, YCHD is used to treat various liver disorders and metabolic diseases, however its chemical/pharmacologic profiles remain to be elucidated. The present study identified the active compounds and significant pathways of YCHD based on network pharmacology. All of the chemical ingredients of YCHD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion screening with oral bioavailability (OB) screening, drug-likeness (DL) and intestinal epithelial permeability (Caco-2) evaluation were applied to discover the bioactive compounds in YCHD. Following this, target prediction, pathway identification and network construction were employed to clarify the mechanism of action of YCHD. Following OB screening, and evaluation of DL and Caco-2, 34 compounds in YCHD were identified as potential active ingredients, of which 30 compounds were associated with 217 protein targets. A total of 31 significant pathways were obtained by performing enrichment analyses of 217 proteins using the JEPETTO 3.x plugin, and 16 classes of gene-associated diseases were revealed by performing enrichment analyses using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery v6.7. The present study identified potential active compounds and significant pathways in YCHD. In addition, the mechanism of action of YCHD in the treatment of various diseases through multiple pathways was clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Huang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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32
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Wang X, Barbosa J, Blomgren P, Bremer MC, Chen J, Crawford JJ, Deng W, Dong L, Eigenbrot C, Gallion S, Hau J, Hu H, Johnson AR, Katewa A, Kropf JE, Lee SH, Liu L, Lubach JW, Macaluso J, Maciejewski P, Mitchell SA, Ortwine DF, DiPaolo J, Reif K, Scheerens H, Schmitt A, Wong H, Xiong JM, Xu J, Zhao Z, Zhou F, Currie KS, Young WB. Discovery of Potent and Selective Tricyclic Inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase with Improved Druglike Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626519 PMCID: PMC5467183 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
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In our continued effort to discover
and develop best-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors
for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic
lupus erythematosus, we devised a series of novel tricyclic compounds
that improved upon the druglike properties of our previous chemical
matter. Compounds exemplified by G-744 are highly potent,
selective for Btk, metabolically stable, well tolerated, and efficacious
in an animal model of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James Barbosa
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Meire C. Bremer
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob Chen
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James J. Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wei Deng
- ChemPartner, No. 1 Building,
998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Liming Dong
- ChemPartner, No. 1 Building,
998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Gallion
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jonathon Hau
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Huiyong Hu
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adam R. Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Arna Katewa
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Kropf
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Seung H. Lee
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W. Lubach
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jen Macaluso
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Pat Maciejewski
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Scott A. Mitchell
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Daniel F. Ortwine
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julie DiPaolo
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Heleen Scheerens
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aaron Schmitt
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Xiong
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Zhongdong Zhao
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- ChemPartner, No. 1 Building,
998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Kevin S. Currie
- Gilead
Sciences (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals), 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Wendy B. Young
- Genentech, Inc., Research and
Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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33
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Katewa A, Wang Y, Hackney JA, Huang T, Suto E, Ramamoorthi N, Austin CD, Bremer M, Chen JZ, Crawford JJ, Currie KS, Blomgren P, DeVoss J, DiPaolo JA, Hau J, Johnson A, Lesch J, DeForge LE, Lin Z, Liimatta M, Lubach JW, McVay S, Modrusan Z, Nguyen A, Poon C, Wang J, Liu L, Lee WP, Wong H, Young WB, Townsend MJ, Reif K. Btk-specific inhibition blocks pathogenic plasma cell signatures and myeloid cell-associated damage in IFN α-driven lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90111. [PMID: 28405610 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often associated with exaggerated B cell activation promoting plasma cell generation, immune-complex deposition in the kidney, renal infiltration of myeloid cells, and glomerular nephritis. Type-I IFNs amplify these autoimmune processes and promote severe disease. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors are considered novel therapies for SLE. We describe the characterization of a highly selective reversible Btk inhibitor, G-744. G-744 is efficacious, and superior to blocking BAFF and Syk, in ameliorating severe lupus nephritis in both spontaneous and IFNα-accelerated lupus in NZB/W_F1 mice in therapeutic regimens. Selective Btk inhibition ablated plasmablast generation, reduced autoantibodies, and - similar to cyclophosphamide - improved renal pathology in IFNα-accelerated lupus. Employing global transcriptional profiling of spleen and kidney coupled with cross-species human modular repertoire analyses, we identify similarities in the inflammatory process between mice and humans, and we demonstrate that G-744 reduced gene expression signatures essential for splenic B cell terminal differentiation, particularly the secretory pathway, as well as renal transcriptional profiles coupled with myeloid cell-mediated pathology and glomerular plus tubulointerstitial disease in human glomerulonephritis patients. These findings reveal the mechanism through which a selective Btk inhibitor blocks murine autoimmune kidney disease, highlighting pathway activity that may translate to human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James J Crawford
- Discovery Chemistry, at Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lichuan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology at Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy B Young
- Discovery Chemistry, at Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Alfaro J, Pérez de Arce F, Belmar S, Fuentealba G, Avila P, Ureta G, Flores C, Acuña C, Delgado L, Gaete D, Pujala B, Barde A, Nayak AK, Upendra TVR, Patel D, Chauhan S, Sharma VK, Kanno S, Almirez RG, Hung DT, Chakravarty S, Rai R, Bernales S, Quinn KP, Pham SM, McCullagh E. Dual Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase p110 δ as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat Non-Hodgkin's B Cell Malignancies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:312-321. [PMID: 28298527 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although new targeted therapies, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, have made a large impact on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, the disease is often fatal because patients are initially resistant to these targeted therapies, or because they eventually develop resistance. New drugs and treatments are necessary for these patients. One attractive approach is to inhibit multiple parallel pathways that drive the growth of these hematologic tumors, possibly prolonging the duration of the response and reducing resistance. Early clinical trials have tested this approach by dosing two drugs in combination in NHL patients. We discovered a single molecule, MDVN1003 (1-(5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-3-(8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine), that inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase δ, two proteins regulated by the B cell receptor that drive the growth of many NHLs. In this report, we show that this dual inhibitor prevents the activation of B cells and inhibits the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, two downstream mediators that are important for this process. Additionally, MDVN1003 induces cell death in a B cell lymphoma cell line but not in an irrelevant erythroblast cell line. Importantly, we found that this orally bioavailable dual inhibitor reduced tumor growth in a B cell lymphoma xenograft model more effectively than either ibrutinib or idelalisib. Taken together, these results suggest that dual inhibition of these two key pathways by a single molecule could be a viable approach for treatment of NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alfaro
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Felipe Pérez de Arce
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Sebastián Belmar
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Glenda Fuentealba
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Patricio Avila
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Ureta
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Camila Flores
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Claudia Acuña
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Luz Delgado
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Diana Gaete
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Brahmam Pujala
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Anup Barde
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Anjan K Nayak
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - T V R Upendra
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Dhananjay Patel
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Shailender Chauhan
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Stacy Kanno
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Ramona G Almirez
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - David T Hung
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Sarvajit Chakravarty
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Roopa Rai
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Sebastián Bernales
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Kevin P Quinn
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Son M Pham
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
| | - Emma McCullagh
- Translational Research Group, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile (J.A., F.P.d.A., S.Bel., G.F., P.A., G.U., C.F., C.A., L.D., D.G.); Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Región de Valparaíso, Chile (F.P.d.A., S.Bel.); Chemistry Group, Integral BioSciences, Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India (B.P., A.B., A.K.N., T.V.R.U., D.P., S.C., V.K.S.); and Discovery Research, Medivation, Inc., now Pfizer, San Francisco, California (S.K., R.G.A., D.T.H., S.C., R.R., S.Ber., K.P.Q., S.M.P., E.M.)
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de Castro AA, Assis LC, Silva DR, Corrêa S, Assis TM, Gajo GC, Soares FV, Ramalho TC. Computational enzymology for degradation of chemical warfare agents: promising technologies for remediation processes. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:108-135. [PMID: 31294152 PMCID: PMC6604975 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical weapons are a major worldwide problem, since they are inexpensive, easy to produce on a large scale and difficult to detect and control. Among the chemical warfare agents, we can highlight the organophosphorus compounds (OP), which contain the phosphorus element and that have a large number of applications. They affect the central nervous system and can lead to death, so there are a lot of works in order to design new effective antidotes for the intoxication caused by them. The standard treatment includes the use of an anticholinergic combined to a central nervous system depressor and an oxime. Oximes are compounds that reactivate Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a regulatory enzyme responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses, which is one of the molecular targets most vulnerable to neurotoxic agents. Increasingly, enzymatic treatment becomes a promising alternative; therefore, other enzymes have been studied for the OP degradation function, such as phosphotriesterase (PTE) from bacteria, human serum paraoxonase 1 (HssPON1) and diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) that showed significant performances in OP detoxification. The understanding of mechanisms by which enzymes act is of extreme importance for the projection of antidotes for warfare agents, and computational chemistry comes to aid and reduce the time and costs of the process. Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and QM/MM (quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics) are techniques used to investigate the molecular interactions between ligands and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia C. Assis
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniela R. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silviana Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Tamiris M. Assis
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C. Gajo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Czech Republic
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36
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Huang F, Chen M, Chen W, Gu J, Yuan J, Xue Y, Dang J, Su W, Wang J, Zadeh HH, He X, Rong L, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Xeno-Graft-versus-Host Disease via CD39-CD73-Adenosine and IDO Signals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:68. [PMID: 28210258 PMCID: PMC5288353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. We recently reported that human-derived gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have strong capacity to suppress immune responses and T cell-mediated collagen-induced arthritis in animals. However, it is unclear whether these cells can suppress human T cell-mediated diseases. Here, we used a xenogenic GVHD model in the NOD/SCID mouse, which is a useful preclinical construct for evaluating the therapeutic and translational potential of this approach for applications in human disease. We found that GMSCs potently suppressed the proliferation of PBMC and T cells in vitro. Co-transfer of GMSC with human PBMC significantly suppressed human cell engraftment and markedly prolonged the mouse survival. Moreover, we demonstrated that GMSCs inhibited human PBMC-initiated xenogenic responses via CD39/CD73/adenosine and IDO signals. These findings suggest the potential for GMSCs to suppress human immune responses in immune system-mediated diseases, offering a potential clinical option to be used for modulating GVHD and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yaoqiu Xue
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenru Su
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Homayoun H Zadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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A. de Castro A, C. Assis L, R. Silva D, Corrêa S, M. Assis T, C. Gajo G, V. Soares F, C. Ramalho T. Computational enzymology for degradation of chemical warfare agents: promising technologies for remediation processes. AIMS Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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38
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Li P, Lv B, Jiang X, Wang T, Ma X, Chang N, Wang X, Gao X. Identification of NF-κB inhibitors following Shenfu injection and bioactivity-integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and screening for related anti-inflammatory targets in vitro and in silico. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:658-667. [PMID: 27771457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenfu injection (SFI) is a commercial medicinal product approved by the China Food and Drug Administration that is widely used in the treatment of stroke and coronary heart disease. However, the material basis and the mechanism of SFI are not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY With network pharmacology analysis, our research committed to identify the anti-inflammatory ingredients and mechanism of SFI by combining high-throughput screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a bioactivity-based UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method followed by network pharmacology and identified the anti-inflammatory active ingredients of SFI from two different perspectives of network computing and high throughput screening. Then we verified the anti-inflammatory effect of SFI in vitro with endothelial cells. After detecting the cell viability, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK), phosphorylated IKK, phosphorylated NF-κB and phosphorylated IκB-α from the supernatant were determined. RESULTS SFI could significantly suppress inflammatory responses, and the mechanism may be via an NF-κB-dependent pathway. The results of high throughput screening (HTS) revealed that protopanaxadiol glycosides (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc and Rd), protopanaxatriol glycosides (ginsenosides Rg1, Rg2, Re, Rf and F1), diester-type alkaloids (fuziline and neoline) and aconine derivatives (mesaconine and benzoyl-mesaconine) have anti-NF-κB activity. The three compounds (including benzoyl-mesaconine, fuziline and neoline) are the first reported SFI compounds to have NF-κB inhibitor activity. CONCLUSIONS SFI may play a critical role in counteracting inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The active ingredients are protopanaxadiol glycosides, protopanaxatriol glycosides, diester-type alkaloids and aconine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Jayachandran N, Landego I, Hou S, Alessi DR, Marshall AJ. B-cell-intrinsic function of TAPP adaptors in controlling germinal center responses and autoantibody production in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:280-290. [PMID: 27859053 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of B-cell signal transduction is critical to prevent production of pathological autoantibodies. Tandem PH domain containing proteins (TAPPs) specifically bind PI(3,4)P2, a phosphoinositide product generated by PI 3-kinases and the phosphatase SHIP. TAPP KI mice bearing PH domain-inactivating mutations in both TAPP1 and TAPP2 genes, uncoupling them from PI(3,4)P2, exhibit increased BCR-induced activation of the kinase Akt and develop lupus-like characteristics including anti-DNA antibodies and deposition of immune complexes in kidneys. Here, we find that TAPP KI mice develop chronic germinal centers (GCs) with age and show abnormal expression of B-cell activation and memory markers. Upon immunization with T-dependent Ag, TAPP KI mice develop functional but abnormally large GCs, associated with increased GC B-cell survival. Disruption of chronic GCs in TAPP KI mice by deletion of the costimulatory molecule ICOS abrogate anti-DNA and anti-nuclear antibody production in TAPP KI mice, indicating an essential role for GCs. Moreover, TAPP KI B cells are sufficient to drive chronic GC responses and recapitulate the autoimmune phenotype in BM chimeric mice. Our findings demonstrate a B-cell-intrinsic role of TAPP-PI(3,4)P2 interaction in regulating GC responses and autoantibody production and suggest that uncontrolled Akt activity in B cells can drive autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Jayachandran
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ivan Landego
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dario R Alessi
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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40
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Erasmus MF, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Kinjyo I, Mahajan A, Winter SS, Xu L, Horowitz M, Lidke DS, Wilson BS. Dynamic pre-BCR homodimers fine-tune autonomous survival signals in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra116. [PMID: 27899526 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) is an immature form of the BCR critical for early B lymphocyte development. It is composed of the membrane-bound immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain, surrogate light chain components, and the signaling subunits Igα and Igβ. We developed monovalent quantum dot (QD)-labeled probes specific for Igβ to study the behavior of pre-BCRs engaged in autonomous, ligand-independent signaling in live B cells. Single-particle tracking revealed that QD-labeled pre-BCRs engaged in transient, but frequent, homotypic interactions. Receptor motion was correlated at short separation distances, consistent with the formation of dimers and higher-order oligomers. Repeated encounters between diffusing pre-BCRs appeared to reflect transient co-confinement in plasma membrane domains. In human B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cells, we showed that frequent, short-lived, homotypic pre-BCR interactions stimulated survival signals, including expression of BCL6, which encodes a transcriptional repressor. These survival signals were blocked by inhibitory monovalent antigen-binding antibody fragments (Fabs) specific for the surrogate light chain components of the pre-BCR or by inhibitors of the tyrosine kinases Lyn and Syk. For comparison, we evaluated pre-BCR aggregation mediated by dimeric galectin-1, which has binding sites for carbohydrate and for the surrogate light chain λ5 component. Galectin-1 binding resulted in the formation of large, highly immobile pre-BCR aggregates, which was partially relieved by the addition of lactose to prevent the cross-linking of galectin-BCR complexes to other glycosylated membrane components. Analysis of the pre-BCR and its signaling partners suggested that they could be potential targets for combination therapy in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frank Erasmus
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ichiko Kinjyo
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Avanika Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Stuart S Winter
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, 2450 Bayshore Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, 2450 Bayshore Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Bridget S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. .,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Kaur M, Silakari O. Identification of new dual spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phosphoionositide-3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors using ligand and structure-based integrated ideal pharmacophore models. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:469-499. [PMID: 27431536 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1209555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the complex pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders, it is very challenging to develop successful treatment strategies. Single-target agents are not desired therapeutics for such multi-factorial disorders. Considering the current need for the treatment of complex autoimmune disorders, dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ have been designed using ligand and structure-based molecular modelling strategies. In the present work, structure and ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was implemented for a varied set of Syk and PI3Kδ inhibitors. Ligand-based pharmacophore models (LBPMs) were developed for two kinases: ADPR.14 (r(2)train = 0.809) for Syk, comprising one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one positive ionisable and one ring aromatic feature, and for PI3Kδ: AAARR.45 (r(2)train = 0.942) consisting of three hydrogen bond acceptor and two ring aromatic features. The generated e-pharmacophore models revealed an additional ring aromatic and hydrophobic feature important for Syk and PI3Kδ inhibition, respectively. Subsequently, LBPMs were modified resulting in APDRR.14 hypothesis for Syk inhibitors and AAAHRR.45 hypothesis for PI3Kδ inhibitors employed for virtual screening. Thus, the combination of ligand and structure-based pharmacophore modelling helped in developing ideal pharmacophore models that may be an efficient tool for the designing of novel dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
| | - O Silakari
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
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42
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Norman P. Investigational Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:891-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1182499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sharman J, Di Paolo J. Targeting B-cell receptor signaling kinases in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the promise of entospletinib. Ther Adv Hematol 2016; 7:157-70. [PMID: 27247756 PMCID: PMC4872176 DOI: 10.1177/2040620716636542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor signaling pathway has emerged as an important therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies. Novel agents have been developed targeting the signaling enzymes spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta. This review discusses the rationale for targeting these enzymes, as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting their role as therapeutic targets, with a particular focus on SYK inhibition with entospletinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and Research Center, US Oncology Research, 3377 Riverbend Drive, Suite 500, Springfield, OR 97477, USA
| | - Julie Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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44
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Btk inhibition treats TLR7/IFN driven murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:65-77. [PMID: 26821304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is expressed in a variety of immune cells and previous work has demonstrated that blocking Btk is a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases. Herein, we utilized a tool Btk inhibitor, M7583, to determine the therapeutic efficacy of Btk inhibition in two mouse lupus models driven by TLR7 activation and type I interferon. In BXSB-Yaa lupus mice, Btk inhibition reduced autoantibodies, nephritis, and mortality. In the pristane-induced DBA/1 lupus model, Btk inhibition suppressed arthritis, but autoantibodies and the IFN gene signature were not significantly affected; suggesting efficacy was mediated through inhibition of Fc receptors. In vitro studies using primary human macrophages revealed that Btk inhibition can block activation by immune complexes and TLR7 which contributes to tissue damage in SLE. Overall, our results provide translational insight into how Btk inhibition may provide benefit to a variety of SLE patients by affecting both BCR and FcR signaling.
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45
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Young WB, Barbosa J, Blomgren P, Bremer MC, Crawford JJ, Dambach D, Eigenbrot C, Gallion S, Johnson AR, Kropf JE, Lee SH, Liu L, Lubach JW, Macaluso J, Maciejewski P, Mitchell SA, Ortwine DF, Di Paolo J, Reif K, Scheerens H, Schmitt A, Wang X, Wong H, Xiong JM, Xu J, Yu C, Zhao Z, Currie KS. Discovery of highly potent and selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Pyridazinone analogs with improved metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:575-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Hernández-Flórez D, Valor L. Protein-kinase inhibitors: A new treatment pathway for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:91-9. [PMID: 26283525 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in biological medicine have seen significant progress in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disease, many patients do not experience a satisfactory response. Hence, there are two challenges facing the medical research community. The first is to continue development in the field of existing biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies. The second is to open new frontiers of research and explore treatment alternatives for non-responders to other therapies. Attention has increasingly turned to the therapeutic potential of small molecule weight kinase inhibitors (SMKIs), currently used extensively in oncology and haematology. Initial research into the therapeutic value of SMKIs for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been encouraging. SMKIs are taken orally, which reduces cost for the health provider, and could increase compliance for the patient. This is why research is now focusing increasingly on SMKIs as a new generation line of treatment in these diseases. Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus-kinase, is currently the only drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by FDA. However, much more needs to be done to understand the intracellular signalling pathways and how these might affect disease progression before solid conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hernández-Flórez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Lara Valor
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
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47
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Sitthi-Amorn J, Herrington B, Megason G, Pullen J, Gordon C, Hogan S, Koganti T, Hicks C. Transcriptome Analysis of Minimal Residual Disease in Subtypes of Pediatric B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:51-60. [PMID: 26056509 PMCID: PMC4444133 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in children and adolescents. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a strong, independent prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to identify molecular signatures distinguishing patients with positive MRD from those with negative MRD in different subtypes of ALL, and to identify molecular networks and biological pathways deregulated in response to positive MRD at day 46. We compared gene expression levels between patients with positive MRD and negative MRD in each subtype to identify differentially expressed genes. Hierarchical clustering was applied to determine their functional relationships. We identified subtype-specific gene signatures distinguishing patients with positive MRD from those with negative MRD. We identified the genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, transport, and DNA repair. We also identified molecular networks and biological pathways dysregulated in response to positive MRD, including Granzyme B, B-cell receptor, and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitsuda Sitthi-Amorn
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Betty Herrington
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gail Megason
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jeanette Pullen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Catherine Gordon
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shirley Hogan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tejaswi Koganti
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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48
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Young WB, Barbosa J, Blomgren P, Bremer MC, Crawford JJ, Dambach D, Gallion S, Hymowitz SG, Kropf JE, Lee SH, Liu L, Lubach JW, Macaluso J, Maciejewski P, Maurer B, Mitchell SA, Ortwine DF, Di Paolo J, Reif K, Scheerens H, Schmitt A, Sowell CG, Wang X, Wong H, Xiong JM, Xu J, Zhao Z, Currie KS. Potent and selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors: discovery of GDC-0834. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1333-7. [PMID: 25701252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies focused on improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the previously reported potent and selective Btk inhibitor CGI-1746 (1) resulted in the clinical candidate GDC-0834 (2), which retained the potency and selectivity of CGI-1746, but with much improved PK in preclinical animal models. Structure based design efforts drove this work as modifications to 1 were investigated at both the solvent exposed region as well as 'H3 binding pocket'. However, in vitro metabolic evaluation of 2 revealed a non CYP-mediated metabolic process that was more prevalent in human than preclinical species (mouse, rat, dog, cyno), leading to a high-level of uncertainly in predicting human pharmacokinetics. Due to its promising potency, selectivity, and preclinical efficacy, a single dose IND was filed and 2 was taken in to a single dose phase I trial in healthy volunteers to quickly evaluate the human pharmacokinetics. In human, 2 was found to be highly labile at the exo-cyclic amide bond that links the tetrahydrobenzothiophene moiety to the central aniline ring, resulting in insufficient parent drug exposure. This information informed the back-up program and discovery of improved inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Young
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - James Barbosa
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Meire C Bremer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - James J Crawford
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Donna Dambach
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Steve Gallion
- St. Andrews Circle, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Sarah G Hymowitz
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Seung H Lee
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jen Macaluso
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Pat Maciejewski
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Brigitte Maurer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Scott A Mitchell
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Julie Di Paolo
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Heleen Scheerens
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Aaron Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - C Gregory Sowell
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Xiong
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Zhongdong Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Kevin S Currie
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
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49
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Burke JE, Williams RL. Synergy in activating class I PI3Ks. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:88-100. [PMID: 25573003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that transduce a host of cellular signals and regulate a broad range of essential functions including growth, proliferation, and migration. As such, PI3Ks have pivotal roles in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, primary immune disorders, and inflammation. These enzymes are activated downstream of numerous activating stimuli including receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the Ras superfamily of small G proteins. A major challenge is to decipher how each PI3K isoform is able to successfully synergize these inputs into their intended signaling function. This article highlights recent progress in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of PI3K isoform-specific activation pathways, as well as novel roles for PI3Ks in human diseases, specifically cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Drive, Victoria BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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50
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Abstract
Autoimmune B cells play a major role in mediating tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, B cells are believed to cross the blood-brain barrier and undergo stimulation, antigen-driven affinity maturation and clonal expansion within the supportive CNS environment. These highly restricted populations of clonally expanded B cells and plasma cells can be detected in MS lesions, in cerebrospinal fluid, and also in peripheral blood. In phase II trials in relapsing MS, monoclonal antibodies that target circulating CD20-positive B lymphocytes dramatically reduced disease activity. These beneficial effects occurred within weeks of treatment, indicating that a direct effect on B cells--and likely not on putative autoantibodies--was responsible. The discovery that depletion of B cells has an impact on MS biology enabled a paradigm shift in understanding how the inflammatory phase of MS develops, and will hopefully lead to development of increasingly selective therapies against culprit B cells and related humoral immune system pathways. More broadly, these studies illustrate how lessons learned from the bedside have unique power to inform translational research. They highlight the essential role of clinician scientists, currently endangered, who navigate the rocky and often unpredictable terrain between the worlds of clinical medicine and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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