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Yan Z, Qin G, Shi X, Jiang X, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Nan N, Cao F, Qiu X, Sang N. Multilevel Screening Strategy to Identify the Hydrophobic Organic Components of Ambient PM 2.5 Associated with Hepatocellular Steatosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10458-10469. [PMID: 38836430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the first step in a series of events that drives hepatic disease and has been considerably associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Although the chemical constituents of particles matter in the negative health effects, the specific components of PM2.5 that trigger hepatic steatosis remain unclear. New strategies prioritizing the identification of the key components with the highest potential to cause adverse effects among the numerous components of PM2.5 are needed. Herein, we established a high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) data set comprising the hydrophobic organic components corresponding to 67 PM2.5 samples in total from Taiyuan and Guangzhou, two representative cities in North and South China, respectively. The lipid accumulation bioeffect profiles of the above samples were also obtained. Considerable hepatocyte lipid accumulation was observed in most PM2.5 extracts. Subsequently, 40 of 695 components were initially screened through machine learning-assisted data filtering based on an integrated bioassay with MS data. Next, nine compounds were further selected as candidates contributing to hepatocellular steatosis based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion evaluation and molecular dockingin silico. Finally, seven components were confirmed in vitro. This study provided a multilevel screening strategy for key active components in PM2.5 and provided insight into the hydrophobic PM2.5 components that induce hepatocellular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xing Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Nan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Fuyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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2
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Hari A, AbdulHameed MDM, Balik-Meisner MR, Mav D, Phadke DP, Scholl EH, Shah RR, Casey W, Auerbach SS, Wallqvist A, Pannala VR. Exposure to PFAS chemicals induces sex-dependent alterations in key rate-limiting steps of lipid metabolism in liver steatosis. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1390196. [PMID: 38903859 PMCID: PMC11188372 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1390196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxicants with the potential to bioaccumulate in humans and animals have long been a cause for concern, particularly due to their association with multiple diseases and organ injuries. Per- and polyfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are two such classes of chemicals that bioaccumulate and have been associated with steatosis in the liver. Although PFAS and PAH are classified as chemicals of concern, their molecular mechanisms of toxicity remain to be explored in detail. In this study, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms by which an acute exposure to PFAS and PAH chemicals can induce lipid accumulation and whether the responses depend on chemical class, dose, and sex. To this end, we analyzed mechanisms beginning with the binding of the chemical to a molecular initiating event (MIE) and the consequent transcriptomic alterations. We collated potential MIEs using predictions from our previously developed ToxProfiler tool and from published steatosis adverse outcome pathways. Most of the MIEs are transcription factors, and we collected their target genes by mining the TRRUST database. To analyze the effects of PFAS and PAH on the steatosis mechanisms, we performed a computational MIE-target gene analysis on high-throughput transcriptomic measurements of liver tissue from male and female rats exposed to either a PFAS or PAH. The results showed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α targets to be the most dysregulated, with most of the genes being upregulated. Furthermore, PFAS exposure disrupted several lipid metabolism genes, including upregulation of fatty acid oxidation genes (Acadm, Acox1, Cpt2, Cyp4a1-3) and downregulation of lipid transport genes (Apoa1, Apoa5, Pltp). We also identified multiple genes with sex-specific behavior. Notably, the rate-limiting genes of gluconeogenesis (Pck1) and bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1) were specifically downregulated in male rats compared to female rats, while the rate-limiting gene of lipid synthesis (Scd) showed a PFAS-specific upregulation. The results suggest that the PPAR signaling pathway plays a major role in PFAS-induced lipid accumulation in rats. Together, these results show that PFAS exposure induces a sex-specific multi-factorial mechanism involving rate-limiting genes of gluconeogenesis and bile acid synthesis that could lead to activation of an adverse outcome pathway for steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Hari
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohamed Diwan M. AbdulHameed
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Deepak Mav
- Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | - Warren Casey
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Venkat R. Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
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3
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Verhoeven A, van Ertvelde J, Boeckmans J, Gatzios A, Jover R, Lindeman B, Lopez-Soop G, Rodrigues RM, Rapisarda A, Sanz-Serrano J, Stinckens M, Sepehri S, Teunis M, Vinken M, Jiang J, Vanhaecke T. A quantitative weight-of-evidence method for confidence assessment of adverse outcome pathway networks: A case study on chemical-induced liver steatosis. Toxicology 2024; 505:153814. [PMID: 38677583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The field of chemical toxicity testing is undergoing a transition to overcome the limitations of in vivo experiments. This evolution involves implementing innovative non-animal approaches to improve predictability and provide a more precise understanding of toxicity mechanisms. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) networks are pivotal in organizing existing mechanistic knowledge related to toxicological processes. However, these AOP networks are dynamic and require regular updates to incorporate the latest data. Regulatory challenges also persist due to concerns about the reliability of the information they offer. This study introduces a generic Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) scoring method, aligned with the tailored Bradford-Hill criteria, to quantitatively assess the confidence levels in key event relationships (KERs) within AOP networks. We use the previously published AOP network on chemical-induced liver steatosis, a prevalent form of human liver injury, as a case study. Initially, the existing AOP network is optimized with the latest scientific information extracted from PubMed using the free SysRev platform for artificial intelligence (AI)-based abstract inclusion and standardized data collection. The resulting optimized AOP network, constructed using Cytoscape, visually represents confidence levels through node size (key event, KE) and edge thickness (KERs). Additionally, a Shiny application is developed to facilitate user interaction with the dataset, promoting future updates. Our analysis of 173 research papers yielded 100 unique KEs and 221 KERs among which 72 KEs and 170 KERs, respectively, have not been previously documented in the prior AOP network or AOP-wiki. Notably, modifications in de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial beta-oxidation, leading to lipid accumulation and liver steatosis, garnered the highest KER confidence scores. In conclusion, our study delivers a generic methodology for developing and assessing AOP networks. The quantitative WoE scoring method facilitates in determining the level of support for KERs within the optimized AOP network, offering valuable insights into its utility in both scientific research and regulatory contexts. KERs supported by robust evidence represent promising candidates for inclusion in an in vitro test battery for reliably predicting chemical-induced liver steatosis within regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Verhoeven
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas van Ertvelde
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joost Boeckmans
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Gatzios
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe & CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Graciela Lopez-Soop
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Rapisarda
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe & CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marth Stinckens
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Sepehri
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Teunis
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jian Jiang
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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4
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Dauwe Y, Mary L, Oliviero F, Dubois L, Rousseau-Bacquie E, Gomez J, Gayrard V, Mselli-Lakhal L. Synergistic Steatosis Induction in Mice: Exploring the Interactions and Underlying Mechanisms between PFOA and Tributyltin. Cells 2024; 13:940. [PMID: 38891072 PMCID: PMC11171786 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of environmental pollutants on nuclear receptors (CAR, PXR, PPARα, PPARγ, FXR, and LXR) and their heterodimerization partner, the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). Such interaction may contribute to the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is initially characterized by steatosis and potentially progresses to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Epidemiological studies have linked NAFLD occurrence to the exposure to environmental contaminants like PFAS. This study aims to assess the simultaneous activation of nuclear receptors via perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and RXR coactivation via Tributyltin (TBT), examining their combined effects on steatogenic mechanisms. Mice were exposed to PFOA (10 mg/kg/day), TBT (5 mg/kg/day) or a combination of them for three days. Mechanisms underlying hepatic steatosis were explored by measuring nuclear receptor target gene and lipid metabolism key gene expressions, by quantifying plasma lipids and hepatic damage markers. This study elucidated the involvement of the Liver X Receptor (LXR) in the combined effect on steatosis and highlighted the permissive nature of the LXR/RXR heterodimer. Antagonistic effects of TBT on the PFOA-induced activation of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) were also observed. Overall, this study revealed complex interactions between PFOA and TBT, shedding light on their combined impact on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laïla Mselli-Lakhal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche Pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31027 Toulouse, France; (Y.D.); (L.M.); (F.O.); (L.D.); (E.R.-B.); (J.G.); (V.G.)
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5
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Mihajlovic M, De Boever S, Tabernilla A, Callewaert E, Sanz-Serrano J, Verhoeven A, Maerten A, Rosseel Z, De Waele E, Vinken M. Investigation of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatotoxicity using human liver spheroid co-cultures. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8. [PMID: 38740588 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is typically administered to individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction, a contraindication for enteral feeding, and a need for nutritional therapy. When PN is the only energy source in patients, it is defined as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN is a life-saving approach for different patient populations, both in infants and adults. However, despite numerous benefits, TPN can cause adverse effects, including metabolic disorders and liver injury. TPN-associated liver injury, known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), represents a significant problem affecting up to 90% of individuals receiving TPN. IFALD pathogenesis is complex, depending on the TPN components as well as on the patient's medical conditions. Despite numerous animal studies and clinical observations, the molecular mechanisms driving IFALD remain largely unknown. The present study was set up to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IFALD. For this purpose, human liver spheroid co-cultures were treated with a TPN mixture, followed by RNA sequencing analysis. Subsequently, following exposure to TPN and its single nutritional components, several key events of liver injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation (steatosis), were studied using various techniques. It was found that prolonged exposure to TPN substantially changes the transcriptome profile of liver spheroids and affects multiple metabolic and signaling pathways contributing to liver injury. Moreover, TPN and its main components, especially lipid emulsion, induce changes in all key events measured and trigger steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybren De Boever
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Callewaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anouk Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amy Maerten
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zenzi Rosseel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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6
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López-Pascual E, Rienda I, Perez-Rojas J, Rapisarda A, Garcia-Llorens G, Jover R, Castell JV. Drug-Induced Fatty Liver Disease (DIFLD): A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical, Biochemical, and Histopathological Data for Mechanisms Identification and Consistency with Current Adverse Outcome Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5203. [PMID: 38791241 PMCID: PMC11121209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD) is a form of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which can also be included in the more general metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which specifically refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver unrelated to alcohol intake. A bi-directional relationship between DILI and MASLD is likely to exist: while certain drugs can cause MASLD by acting as pro-steatogenic factors, MASLD may make hepatocytes more vulnerable to drugs. Having a pre-existing MASLD significantly heightens the likelihood of experiencing DILI from certain medications. Thus, the prevalence of steatosis within DILI may be biased by pre-existing MASLD, and it can be concluded that the genuine true incidence of DIFLD in the general population remains unknown. In certain individuals, drug-induced steatosis is often accompanied by concomitant injury mechanisms such as oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation, which leads to the development of drug-induced steatohepatitis (DISH). DISH is much more severe from the clinical point of view, has worse prognosis and outcome, and resembles MASH (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis), as it is associated with inflammation and sometimes with fibrosis. A literature review of clinical case reports allowed us to examine and evaluate the clinical features of DIFLD and their association with specific drugs, enabling us to propose a classification of DIFLD drugs based on clinical outcomes and pathological severity: Group 1, drugs with low intrinsic toxicity (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, irinotecan, methotrexate, and tamoxifen), but expected to promote/aggravate steatosis in patients with pre-existing MASLD; Group 2, drugs associated with steatosis and only occasionally with steatohepatitis (e.g., amiodarone, valproic acid, and tetracycline); and Group 3, drugs with a great tendency to transit to steatohepatitis and further to fibrosis. Different mechanisms may be in play when identifying drug mode of action: (1) inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation; (2) inhibition of fatty acid transport across mitochondrial membranes; (3) increased de novo lipid synthesis; (4) reduction in lipid export by the inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; (5) induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening; (6) dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; (7) impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain/oxidative phosphorylation; (8) mitochondrial DNA damage, degradation and depletion; and (9) nuclear receptors (NRs)/transcriptomic alterations. Currently, the majority of, if not all, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for steatosis in AOP-Wiki highlight the interaction with NRs or transcription factors as the key molecular initiating event (MIE). This perspective suggests that chemical-induced steatosis typically results from the interplay between a chemical and a NR or transcription factors, implying that this interaction represents the primary and pivotal MIE. However, upon conducting this exhaustive literature review, it became evident that the current AOPs tend to overly emphasize this interaction as the sole MIE. Some studies indeed support the involvement of NRs in steatosis, but others demonstrate that such NR interactions alone do not necessarily lead to steatosis. This view, ignoring other mitochondrial-related injury mechanisms, falls short in encapsulating the intricate biological mechanisms involved in chemically induced liver steatosis, necessitating their consideration as part of the AOP's map road as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto López-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Rienda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Perez-Rojas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Rapisarda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillem Garcia-Llorens
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José V. Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Karaca M, Fritsche K, Lichtenstein D, Vural Ö, Kreuzer K, Alarcan J, Braeuning A, Marx-Stoelting P, Tralau T. Adverse outcome pathway-based analysis of liver steatosis in vitro using human liver cell lines. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102500. [PMID: 37616165 PMCID: PMC10463250 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an in vitro test battery to analyze chemicals for their potential to induce liver triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark of liver steatosis. We describe steps for using HepG2 and HepaRG human hepatoma cells in conjunction with a combination of several in vitro assays covering the different molecular initiating events and key events of the respective adverse outcome pathway. This protocol is suitable for assessing single substance effects as well as mixtures allowing their classification as steatotic or non-steatotic. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Luckert et al. (2018),1 Lichtenstein et al. (2020),2 and Knebel et al. (2019).3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawien Karaca
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Fritsche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Özlem Vural
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Kreuzer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Karaca M, Willenbockel CT, Tralau T, Bloch D, Marx-Stoelting P. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic mixture effects of plant protection products: A case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 141:105400. [PMID: 37116736 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Authorisation of ready to use plant protection products (PPPs) usually relies on the testing of acute and local toxicity only. This is in stark contrast to the situation for active substances where the mandatory data set comprises a most comprehensive set of studies. While the combination of certain active ingredients and co-formulants may nevertheless result in increased toxicity of the final product such combinations have never been evaluated systematically for complex and long-term toxicological endpoints. We therefore investigated the effect of three frequently used co-formulants on the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of the representative active substance combination of tebuconazol (Teb) and prothioconazol (Pro) or of cypermethrin (Cpm) and piperonyl butoxide (Pip), respectively. With all four active substances being potential liver steatogens, cytotoxicity and triglyceride accumulation in HepaRG were used as primary endpoints. Concomitantly transcriptomics and biochemical studies were applied to interrogate for effects on gene expression or inhibition of CYP3A4 as key enzyme for functionalization. Some of the tested combinations clearly showed more than additive effects, partly due to CYP3A4 enzyme inhibition. Other effects comprised the modulation of the expression and activity of steatosis-related nuclear key receptors. Altogether, the findings highlight the need for a more systematic consideration of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic mixture effects during assessment of PPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawien Karaca
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Tobias Willenbockel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Bloch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Müller FA, Stamou M, Englert FH, Frenzel O, Diedrich S, Suter-Dick L, Wambaugh JF, Sturla SJ. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation and high-content imaging for simultaneous characterization of chemically induced liver steatosis and markers of hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1701-1721. [PMID: 37046073 PMCID: PMC10182956 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemically induced steatosis is characterized by lipid accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and nucleus distortion. New approach methods integrating in vitro and in silico models are needed to identify chemicals that may induce these cellular events as potential risk factors for steatosis and associated hepatotoxicity. In this study we used high-content imaging for the simultaneous quantification of four cellular markers as sentinels for hepatotoxicity and steatosis in chemically exposed human liver cells in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the results with a computational model for the extrapolation of human oral equivalent doses (OED). First, we tested 16 reference chemicals with known capacities to induce cellular alterations in nuclear morphology, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress. Then, using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and reverse dosimetry, OEDs were extrapolated from data of any stimulated individual sentinel response. The extrapolated OEDs were confirmed to be within biologically relevant exposure ranges for the reference chemicals. Next, we tested 14 chemicals found in food, selected from thousands of putative chemicals on the basis of structure-based prediction for nuclear receptor activation. Amongst these, orotic acid had an extrapolated OED overlapping with realistic exposure ranges. Thus, we were able to characterize known steatosis-inducing chemicals as well as data-scarce food-related chemicals, amongst which we confirmed orotic acid to induce hepatotoxicity. This strategy addresses needs of next generation risk assessment and can be used as a first chemical prioritization hazard screening step in a tiered approach to identify chemical risk factors for steatosis and hepatotoxicity-associated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice A Müller
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Stamou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix H Englert
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Frenzel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Diedrich
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John F Wambaugh
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Louisse J, Fragki S, Rijkers D, Janssen A, van Dijk B, Leenders L, Staats M, Bokkers B, Zeilmaker M, Piersma A, Luijten M, Hoogenboom R, Peijnenburg A. Determination of in vitro hepatotoxic potencies of a series of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on gene expression changes in HepaRG liver cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1113-1131. [PMID: 36864359 PMCID: PMC10025204 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent and have been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects, including hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and immunotoxicity. The aim of the present work was to assess whether human HepaRG liver cells can be used to obtain insight into differences in hepatotoxic potencies of a series of PFASs. Therefore, the effects of 18 PFASs on cellular triglyceride accumulation (AdipoRed assay) and gene expression (DNA microarray for PFOS and RT-qPCR for all 18 PFASs) were studied in HepaRG cells. BMDExpress analysis of the PFOS microarray data indicated that various cellular processes were affected at the gene expression level. From these data, ten genes were selected to assess the concentration-effect relationship of all 18 PFASs using RT-qPCR analysis. The AdipoRed data and the RT-qPCR data were used for the derivation of in vitro relative potencies using PROAST analysis. In vitro relative potency factors (RPFs) could be obtained for 8 PFASs (including index chemical PFOA) based on the AdipoRed data, whereas for the selected genes, in vitro RPFs could be obtained for 11-18 PFASs (including index chemical PFOA). For the readout OAT5 expression, in vitro RPFs were obtained for all PFASs. In vitro RPFs were found to correlate in general well with each other (Spearman correlation) except for the PPAR target genes ANGPTL4 and PDK4. Comparison of in vitro RPFs with RPFs obtained from in vivo studies in rats indicate that best correlations (Spearman correlation) were obtained for in vitro RPFs based on OAT5 and CXCL10 expression changes and external in vivo RPFs. HFPO-TA was found to be the most potent PFAS tested, being around tenfold more potent than PFOA. Altogether, it may be concluded that the HepaRG model may provide relevant data to provide insight into which PFASs are relevant regarding their hepatotoxic effects and that it can be applied as a screening tool to prioritize other PFASs for further hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Dijk
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liz Leenders
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Staats
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Bokkers
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Fritsche K, Ziková-Kloas A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals Affecting the Liver: Screening, Testing, and Molecular Pathway Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032686. [PMID: 36769005 PMCID: PMC9916672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the body. The plethora of anabolic and catabolic pathways in the liver is tightly regulated by physiological signaling but may become imbalanced as a consequence of malnutrition or exposure to certain chemicals, so-called metabolic endocrine disrupters, or metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). Among different metabolism-related diseases, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitute a growing health problem, which has been associated with a western lifestyle combining excessive caloric intake and reduced physical activity. In the past years, awareness of chemical exposure as an underlying cause of metabolic endocrine effects has continuously increased. Within this review, we have collected and summarized evidence that certain environmental MDCs are capable of contributing to metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis and cholestasis by different molecular mechanisms, thereby contributing to the metabolic syndrome. Despite the high relevance of metabolism-related diseases, standardized mechanistic assays for the identification and characterization of MDCs are missing. Therefore, the current state of candidate test systems to identify MDCs is presented, and their possible implementation into a testing strategy for MDCs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Fritsche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ziková-Kloas
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-18412-25100
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12
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Derivation of metabolic point of departure using high-throughput in vitro metabolomics: investigating the importance of sampling time points on benchmark concentration values in the HepaRG cell line. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:721-735. [PMID: 36683062 PMCID: PMC9968698 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Amongst omics technologies, metabolomics should have particular value in regulatory toxicology as the measurement of the molecular phenotype is the closest to traditional apical endpoints, whilst offering mechanistic insights into the biological perturbations. Despite this, the application of untargeted metabolomics for point-of-departure (POD) derivation via benchmark concentration (BMC) modelling is still a relatively unexplored area. In this study, a high-throughput workflow was applied to derive PODs associated with a chemical exposure by measuring the intracellular metabolome of the HepaRG cell line following treatment with one of four chemicals (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A, or rotenone), each at seven concentrations (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A: from 0.2048 μM to 50 μM; rotenone: from 0.04096 to 10 μM) and five sampling time points (2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). The study explored three approaches to derive PODs using benchmark concentration modelling applied to single features in the metabolomics datasets or annotated metabolites or lipids: (1) the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature, (2) the 1st rank-ordered putatively annotated feature (using a recently developed HepaRG-specific library of polar metabolites and lipids), and (3) 25th rank-ordered feature, demonstrating that for three out of four chemical datasets all of these approaches led to relatively consistent BMC values, varying less than tenfold across the methods. In addition, using the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature it was possible to investigate temporal trends in the datasets, which were shown to be chemical specific. Furthermore, a possible integration of metabolomics-driven POD derivation with the liver steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was demonstrated. The study highlights that advances in technologies enable application of in vitro metabolomics at scale; however, greater confidence in metabolite identification is required to ensure PODs are mechanistically anchored.
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13
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Kozlova EV, Denys ME, Benedum J, Valdez MC, Enriquez D, Bishay AE, Chinthirla BD, Truong E, Krum JM, DiPatrizio NV, Deol P, Martins-Green M, Curras-Collazo MC. Developmental exposure to indoor flame retardants and hypothalamic molecular signatures: Sex-dependent reprogramming of lipid homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:997304. [PMID: 36277707 PMCID: PMC9580103 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.997304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame-retardant organohalogen pollutants that act as endocrine/neuroendocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In humans, exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFR) or other environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and novel organophosphate flame retardants has been associated with increasing trends of diabetes and metabolic disease. However, the effects of PBDEs on metabolic processes and their associated sex-dependent features are poorly understood. The metabolic-disrupting effects of perinatal exposure to industrial penta-PBDE mixture, DE-71, on male and female progeny of C57BL/6N mouse dams were examined in adulthood. Dams were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of PBDEs daily for 10 weeks (p.o.): 0.1 (L-DE-71) and 0.4 mg/kg/d (H-DE-71) and offspring parameters were compared to corn oil vehicle controls (VEH/CON). The following lipid metabolism indices were measured: plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, leptin, and liver lipids. L-DE-71 female offspring were particularly affected, showing hypercholesterolemia, elevated liver lipids and fasting plasma leptin as compared to same-sex VEH/CON, while L- and H-DE-71 male F1 only showed reduced plasma adiponectin. Using the quantitative Folch method, we found that mean liver lipid content was significantly elevated in L-DE-71 female offspring compared to controls. Oil Red O staining revealed fatty liver in female offspring and dams. General measures of adiposity, body weight, white and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lean and fat mass were weighed or measured using EchoMRI. DE-71 did not produce abnormal adiposity, but decreased BAT depots in L-DE-71 females and males relative to same-sex VEH/CON. To begin to address potential central mechanisms of deregulated lipid metabolism, we used RT-qPCR to quantitate expression of hypothalamic genes in energy-regulating circuits that control lipid homeostasis. Both doses of DE-71 sex-dependently downregulated hypothalamic expression of Lepr, Stat3, Mc4r, Agrp, Gshr in female offspring while H-DE-71 downregulated Npy in exposed females relative to VEH/CON. In contrast, exposed male offspring displayed upregulated Stat3 and Mc4r. Intestinal barrier integrity was measured using FITC-dextran since it can lead to systemic inflammation that leads to liver damage and metabolic disease, but was not affected by DE-71 exposure. These findings indicate that maternal transfer of PBDEs disproportionately endangers female offspring to lipid metabolic reprogramming that may exaggerate risk for adult metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Maximillian E. Denys
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Benedum
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Matthew C. Valdez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dave Enriquez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E. Bishay
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari D. Chinthirla
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Edward Truong
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Julia M. Krum
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas V. DiPatrizio
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Margarita C. Curras-Collazo
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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14
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Jia X, Wen X, Russo DP, Aleksunes LM, Zhu H. Mechanism-driven modeling of chemical hepatotoxicity using structural alerts and an in vitro screening assay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129193. [PMID: 35739723 PMCID: PMC9262097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional experimental approaches to evaluate hepatotoxicity are expensive and time-consuming. As an advanced framework of risk assessment, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe the sequence of molecular and cellular events underlying chemical toxicities. We aimed to develop an AOP that can be used to predict hepatotoxicity by leveraging computational modeling and in vitro assays. We curated 869 compounds with known hepatotoxicity classifications as a modeling set and extracted assay data from PubChem. The antioxidant response element (ARE) assay, which quantifies transcriptional responses to oxidative stress, showed a high correlation to hepatotoxicity (PPV=0.82). Next, we developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict ARE activation for compounds lacking testing results. Potential toxicity alerts were identified and used to construct a mechanistic hepatotoxicity model. For experimental validation, 16 compounds in the modeling set and 12 new compounds were selected and tested using an in-house ARE-luciferase assay in HepG2-C8 cells. The mechanistic model showed good hepatotoxicity predictivity (accuracy = 0.82) for these compounds. Potential false positive hepatotoxicity predictions by only using ARE results can be corrected by incorporating structural alerts and vice versa. This mechanistic model illustrates a potential toxicity pathway for hepatotoxicity, and this strategy can be expanded to develop predictive models for other complex toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jia
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Daniel P Russo
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
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15
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Driessen M, van der Plas-Duivesteijn S, Kienhuis AS, van den Brandhof EJ, Roodbergen M, van de Water B, Spaink HP, Palmblad M, van der Ven LTM, Pennings JLA. Identification of proteome markers for drug-induced liver injury in zebrafish embryos. Toxicology 2022; 477:153262. [PMID: 35868597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo (ZFE) is a promising alternative non-rodent model in toxicology, and initial studies suggested its applicability in detecting hepatic responses related to drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we hypothesize that detailed analysis of underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity in ZFE contributes to the improved identification of hepatotoxic properties of compounds and to the reduction of rodents used for hepatotoxicity assessment. ZFEs were exposed to nine reference hepatotoxicants, targeted at induction of steatosis, cholestasis, and necrosis, and effects compared with negative controls. Protein profiles of the individual compounds were generated using LC-MS/MS. We identified differentially expressed proteins and pathways, but as these showed considerable overlap, phenotype-specific responses could not be distinguished. This led us to identify a set of common hepatotoxicity marker proteins. At the pathway level, these were mainly associated with cellular adaptive stress-responses, whereas single proteins could be linked to common hepatotoxicity-associated processes. Applying several stringency criteria to our proteomics data as well as information from other data sources resulted in a set of potential robust protein markers, notably Igf2bp1, Cox5ba, Ahnak, Itih3b.2, Psma6b, Srsf3a, Ces2b, Ces2a, Tdo2b, and Anxa1c, for the detection of adverse responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Driessen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anne S Kienhuis
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Evert-Jan van den Brandhof
- Centre for Environmental Quality, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Roodbergen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leo T M van der Ven
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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16
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the Environment: Occupational and Exposure Events, Effects on Human Health and Fertility. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070365. [PMID: 35878270 PMCID: PMC9323099 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade or so, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) garnered renewed attention in the scientific community due to new evidence pointing at their continued presence in the environment and workplaces and the potential human risks related to their presence. PCBs move from the environment to humans through different routes; the dominant pathway is the ingestion of contaminated foods (fish, seafood and dairy products), followed by inhalation (both indoor and outdoor air), and, to a lesser extent, dust ingestion and dermal contact. Numerous studies reported the environmental and occupational exposure to these pollutants, deriving from building materials (flame-retardants, plasticizers, paints, caulking compounds, sealants, fluorescent light ballasts, etc.) and electrical equipment. The highest PCBs contaminations were detected in e-waste recycling sites, suggesting the need for the implementation of remediation strategies of such polluted areas to safeguard the health of workers and local populations. Furthermore, a significant correlation between PCB exposure and increased blood PCB concentrations was observed in people working in PCB-contaminated workplaces. Several epidemiological studies suggest that environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of PCBs is associated with different health outcomes, such as neuropsychological and neurobehavioral deficits, dementia, immune system dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In addition, recent studies indicate that PCBs bioaccumulation can reduce fertility, with harmful effects on the reproductive system that can be passed to offspring. In the near future, further studies are needed to assess the real effects of PCBs exposure at low concentrations for prolonged exposure in workplaces and specific indoor environments.
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17
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Martyniuk CJ, Martínez R, Navarro-Martín L, Kamstra JH, Schwendt A, Reynaud S, Chalifour L. Emerging concepts and opportunities for endocrine disruptor screening of the non-EATS modalities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111904. [PMID: 34418449 PMCID: PMC8669078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and involve diverse chemical-receptor interactions that can perturb hormone signaling. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has validated several EDC-receptor bioassays to detect endocrine active chemicals and has established guidelines for regulatory testing of EDCs. Focus on testing over the past decade has been initially directed to EATS modalities (estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis) and validated tests for chemicals that exert effects through non-EATS modalities are less established. Due to recognition that EDCs are vast in their mechanisms of action, novel bioassays are needed to capture the full scope of activity. Here, we highlight the need for validated assays that detect non-EATS modalities and discuss major international efforts underway to develop such tools for regulatory purposes, focusing on non-EATS modalities of high concern (i.e., retinoic acid, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and glucocorticoid signaling). Two case studies are presented with strong evidence amongst animals and human studies for non-EATS disruption and associations with wildlife and human disease. This includes metabolic syndrome and insulin signaling (case study 1) and chemicals that impact the cardiovascular system (case study 2). This is relevant as obesity and cardiovascular disease represent two of the most significant health-related crises of our time. Lastly, emerging topics related to EDCs are discussed, including recognition of crosstalk between the EATS and non-EATS axis, complex mixtures containing a variety of EDCs, adverse outcome pathways for chemicals acting through non-EATS mechanisms, and novel models for testing chemicals. Recommendations and considerations for evaluating non-EATS modalities are proposed. Moving forward, improved understanding of the non-EATS modalities will lead to integrated testing strategies that can be used in regulatory bodies to protect environmental, animal, and human health from harmful environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Schwendt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorraine Chalifour
- Division of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
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18
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Alexander-White C, Bury D, Cronin M, Dent M, Hack E, Hewitt NJ, Kenna G, Naciff J, Ouedraogo G, Schepky A, Mahony C, Europe C. A 10-step framework for use of read-across (RAX) in next generation risk assessment (NGRA) for cosmetics safety assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 129:105094. [PMID: 34990780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a 10-step read-across (RAX) framework for use in cases where a threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach to cosmetics safety assessment is not possible. RAX builds on established approaches that have existed for more than two decades using chemical properties and in silico toxicology predictions, by further substantiating hypotheses on toxicological similarity of substances, and integrating new approach methodologies (NAM) in the biological and kinetic domains. NAM include new types of data on biological observations from, for example, in vitro assays, toxicogenomics, metabolomics, receptor binding screens and uses physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling to inform about systemic exposure. NAM data can help to substantiate a mode/mechanism of action (MoA), and if similar chemicals can be shown to work by a similar MoA, a next generation risk assessment (NGRA) may be performed with acceptable confidence for a data-poor target substance with no or inadequate safety data, based on RAX approaches using data-rich analogue(s), and taking account of potency or kinetic/dynamic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Alexander-White
- MKTox & Co Ltd, 36 Fairford Crescent, Downhead Park, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK15 9AQ, UK.
| | - Dagmar Bury
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 9 Rue Pierre Dreyfus, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 AF, UK
| | - Matthew Dent
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1ET, UK
| | - Eric Hack
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicola J Hewitt
- Cosmetics Europe, 40 Avenue Hermann-Debroux, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerry Kenna
- Cosmetics Europe, 40 Avenue Hermann-Debroux, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Naciff
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Gladys Ouedraogo
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, Aulnay sous bois, France
| | | | | | - Cosmetics Europe
- Cosmetics Europe, 40 Avenue Hermann-Debroux, 1160, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Vilas-Boas V, Vinken M. Adverse Outcome Pathways as Versatile Tools in Liver Toxicity Testing. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2425:521-535. [PMID: 35188645 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1960-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are tools to capture and visualize mechanisms driving toxicological effects. They share a common structure consisting of a molecular initiating event, a series of key events connected by key event relationships and an adverse outcome. Development and evaluation of AOPs ideally comply with guidelines issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. AOPs have been introduced for major types of hepatotoxicity, which is not a surprise, as the liver is a frequent target for systemic adversity. Various applications for AOPs have been proposed in the areas of toxicology and chemical risk assessment, in particular in relation to the establishment of quantitative structure-activity relationships, the elaboration of prioritization strategies, and the development of novel in vitro toxicity screening tests and testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Arnesdotter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Gijbels
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Pelechá M, Villanueva-Bádenas E, Timor-López E, Donato MT, Tolosa L. Cell Models and Omics Techniques for the Study of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focusing on Stem Cell-Derived Cell Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:86. [PMID: 35052590 PMCID: PMC8772881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of chronic liver disease in western countries. The molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD are only partially understood, and effective therapeutic interventions are clearly needed. Therefore, preclinical research is required to improve knowledge about NAFLD physiopathology and to identify new therapeutic targets. Primary human hepatocytes, human hepatic cell lines, and human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells exhibit different hepatic phenotypes and have been widely used for studying NAFLD pathogenesis. In this paper, apart from employing the different in vitro cell models for the in vitro assessment of NAFLD, we also reviewed other approaches (metabolomics, transcriptomics, and high-content screening). We aimed to summarize the characteristics of different cell types and methods and to discuss their major advantages and disadvantages for NAFLD modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pelechá
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (E.V.-B.); (E.T.-L.)
| | - Estela Villanueva-Bádenas
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (E.V.-B.); (E.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Timor-López
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (E.V.-B.); (E.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (E.V.-B.); (E.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (E.V.-B.); (E.T.-L.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Negi CK, Bajard L, Kohoutek J, Blaha L. An adverse outcome pathway based in vitro characterization of novel flame retardants-induced hepatic steatosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117855. [PMID: 34340181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of novel replacement flame retardants (nFRs) is consistently detected in increasing concentrations in the environment and human matrices. Evidence suggests that nFRs exposure may be associated with disruption of the endocrine system, which has been linked with the etiology of various metabolic disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a multifactorial disease characterized by the uncontrolled accumulation of fats (lipids) in the hepatocytes and involves multiple-hit pathogenesis, including exposure to occupational and environmental chemicals such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). In the present study we aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of the nFRs-induced hepatic steatosis in the human liver cells. In this study, we employed an in vitro bioassay toolbox to assess the key events (KEs) in the proposed adverse outcome pathways (AOP) (s) for hepatic steatosis. We examined nine nFRs using AOP- based in vitro assays measuring KEs such as lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, gene expression, and in silico approach to identify the putative molecular initiating events (MIEs). Our findings suggest that several tested OPFRs induced lipid accumulation in human liver cell culture. Tricresyl phosphate (TMPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) induced the highest lipid accumulation by altering the expression of genes encoding hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction depicted by decreased cellular ATP production. Available in vitro data from ToxCast and in silico molecular docking suggests that pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) could be the molecular targets for the tested nFRs. The study identifies several nFRs, such as TMPP and EHDPP, TPHP, and TDCIPP, as potential risk factor for NAFLD and advances our understanding of the mechanisms involved, demonstrating the utility of an AOP-based strategy for screening and prioritizing chemicals and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander K Negi
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lola Bajard
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kohoutek
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Alarcan J, de Sousa G, Katsanou ES, Spyropoulou A, Batakis P, Machera K, Rahmani R, Lampen A, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. Investigating the in vitro steatotic mixture effects of similarly and dissimilarly acting test compounds using an adverse outcome pathway-based approach. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:211-229. [PMID: 34778935 PMCID: PMC8748329 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within the EuroMix project, we have previously developed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based in vitro assay toolbox to investigate the combined effects of liver steatosis-inducing compounds in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. In this study, we applied the toolbox to further investigate mixture effects of combinations, featuring either similarly acting or dissimilarly acting substances. The valproic acid structural analogs 2-propylheptanoic acid (PHP) and 2-propylhexanoic acid (PHX) were chosen for establishing mixtures of similarly acting substances, while a combination with the pesticidal active substance clothianidin (CTD) was chosen for establishing mixtures of dissimilarly acting compounds. We first determined relative potency factors (RPFs) for each compound based on triglyceride accumulation results. Thereafter, equipotent mixtures were tested for nuclear receptor activation in transfected HepG2 cells, while gene expression and triglyceride accumulation were investigated in HepaRG cells, following the proposed AOP for liver steatosis. Dose addition was observed for all combinations and endpoints tested, indicating the validity of the additivity assumption also in the case of the tested mixtures of dissimilarly acting substances. Gene expression results indicate that the existing steatosis AOP can still be refined with respect to the early key event (KE) of gene expression, in order to reflect the diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Alarcan
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georges de Sousa
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur-INRAE-CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rahmani
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur-INRAE-CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Escher SE, Aguayo-Orozco A, Benfenati E, Bitsch A, Braunbeck T, Brotzmann K, Bois F, van der Burg B, Castel J, Exner T, Gadaleta D, Gardner I, Goldmann D, Hatley O, Golbamaki N, Graepel R, Jennings P, Limonciel A, Long A, Maclennan R, Mombelli E, Norinder U, Jain S, Capinha LS, Taboureau OT, Tolosa L, Vrijenhoek NG, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Walker P, van de Water B, Wehr M, White A, Zdrazil B, Fisher C. A read-across case study on chronic toxicity of branched carboxylic acids (1): Integration of mechanistic evidence from new approach methodologies (NAMs) to explore a common mode of action. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105269. [PMID: 34757180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This read-across case study characterises thirteen, structurally similar carboxylic acids demonstrating the application of in vitro and in silico human-based new approach methods, to determine biological similarity. Based on data from in vivo animal studies, the read-across hypothesis is that all analogues are steatotic and so should be considered hazardous. Transcriptomic analysis to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hepatocytes served as first tier testing to confirm a common mode-of-action and identify differences in the potency of the analogues. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for hepatic steatosis, informed the design of an in vitro testing battery, targeting AOP relevant MIEs and KEs, and Dempster-Shafer decision theory was used to systematically quantify uncertainty and to define the minimal testing scope. The case study shows that the read-across hypothesis is the critical core to designing a robust, NAM-based testing strategy. By summarising the current mechanistic understanding, an AOP enables the selection of NAMs covering MIEs, early KEs, and late KEs. Experimental coverage of the AOP in this way is vital since MIEs and early KEs alone are not confirmatory of progression to the AO. This strategy exemplifies the workflow previously published by the EUTOXRISK project driving a paradigm shift towards NAM-based NGRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany.
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Annette Bitsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brotzmann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic Bois
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jose Castel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Iain Gardner
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Goldmann
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rabea Graepel
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sankalp Jain
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Laia Tolosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nanette G Vrijenhoek
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bob van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Wehr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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24
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Yang C, Cronin MTD, Arvidson KB, Bienfait B, Enoch SJ, Heldreth B, Hobocienski B, Muldoon-Jacobs K, Lan Y, Madden JC, Magdziarz T, Marusczyk J, Mostrag A, Nelms M, Neagu D, Przybylak K, Rathman JF, Park J, Richarz AN, Richard AM, Ribeiro JV, Sacher O, Schwab C, Vitcheva V, Volarath P, Worth AP. COSMOS next generation - A public knowledge base leveraging chemical and biological data to support the regulatory assessment of chemicals. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 19:100175. [PMID: 34405124 PMCID: PMC8351204 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The COSMOS Database (DB) was originally established to provide reliable data for cosmetics-related chemicals within the COSMOS Project funded as part of the SEURAT-1 Research Initiative. The database has subsequently been maintained and developed further into COSMOS Next Generation (NG), a combination of database and in silico tools, essential components of a knowledge base. COSMOS DB provided a cosmetics inventory as well as other regulatory inventories, accompanied by assessment results and in vitro and in vivo toxicity data. In addition to data content curation, much effort was dedicated to data governance - data authorisation, characterisation of quality, documentation of meta information, and control of data use. Through this effort, COSMOS DB was able to merge and fuse data of various types from different sources. Building on the previous effort, the COSMOS Minimum Inclusion (MINIS) criteria for a toxicity database were further expanded to quantify the reliability of studies. COSMOS NG features multiple fingerprints for analysing structure similarity, and new tools to calculate molecular properties and screen chemicals with endpoint-related public profilers, such as DNA and protein binders, liver alerts and genotoxic alerts. The publicly available COSMOS NG enables users to compile information and execute analyses such as category formation and read-across. This paper provides a step-by-step guided workflow for a simple read-across case, starting from a target structure and culminating in an estimation of a NOAEL confidence interval. Given its strong technical foundation, inclusion of quality-reviewed data, and provision of tools designed to facilitate communication between users, COSMOS NG is a first step towards building a toxicological knowledge hub leveraging many public data systems for chemical safety evaluation. We continue to monitor the feedback from the user community at support@mn-am.com.
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Key Words
- AOP, Adverse Outcome Pathway
- Analogue selection
- CERES, Chemical Evaluation and Risk Estimation System
- CFSAN, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
- CMS-ID, COSMOS Identification Number
- COSMOS DB, COSMOS Database
- COSMOS MINIS, Minimum Inclusion Criteria of Studies in COSMOS DB
- COSMOS NG, COSMOS Next Generation
- CRADA, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
- CosIng, Cosmetic Ingredient Database
- DART, Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
- DB, Database
- DST, Dempster Shafer Theory
- Database
- ECHA, European Chemicals Agency
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- Guided workflow
- HESS, Hazard Evaluation Support System
- HNEL, Highest No Effect Level
- HTS, High throughput screening
- ILSI, International Life Sciences Institute
- IUCLID, International Uniform Chemical Information Database
- Knowledge hub
- LEL, Lowest Effect Level
- LOAEL, Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
- LogP, Logarithm of the octanol:water partition coefficient
- NAM, New Approach Methodology
- NGRA, Next Generation Risk-Assessment
- NITE, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (Japan)
- NOAEL, No Observed Adverse Effect Level
- NTP, National Toxicology Program
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OpenFoodTox, EFSA’s OpenFoodTox database
- PAFA, Priority-based Assessment of Food Additive database
- PK/TK, Pharmacokinetics/Toxicokinetics
- Public database
- QA, Quality Assurance
- QC, Quality Control
- REACH, Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
- SCC, Science Committee on Cosmetics (EU)
- SCCNFP, Scientific Committee of Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products intended for Consumers (EU)
- SCCP, Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (EU)
- SCCS, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EU)
- Study reliability
- TTC, Threshold of Toxicological Concern
- ToxRefDB, Toxicity Reference Database
- Toxicity
- US EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- US FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yang
- MN-AM, Columbus, OH, USA
- MN-AM Nürnberg, Germany
| | - M T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | | | | | - S J Enoch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - B Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Y Lan
- University of Bradford, UK
| | - J C Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | | | | | | | - M Nelms
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | | | - K Przybylak
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - J F Rathman
- MN-AM, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | | | - A-N Richarz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - V Vitcheva
- MN-AM, Columbus, OH, USA
- MN-AM Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - A P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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25
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Shah I, Antonijevic T, Chambers B, Harrill J, Thomas R. Estimating Hepatotoxic Doses Using High-Content Imaging in Primary Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:285-301. [PMID: 34289070 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Using in vitro data to estimate point of departure (POD) values is an essential component of new approach methodologies (NAM)-based chemical risk assessments. In this case study, we evaluated a NAM for hepatotoxicity based on rat primary hepatocytes, high-content imaging (HCI), and toxicokinetic modeling. First, we treated rat primary hepatocytes with 10 concentrations (0.2 to 100 µM) of 51 chemicals that produced hepatotoxicity in repeat-dose subchronic and chronic exposures. Second, we used HCI to measure endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, lysosomal mass, steatosis, apoptosis, DNA texture, nuclear size, and cell number at 24, 48, and 72 h and calculated concentrations at 50% maximal activity (AC50). Third, we estimated administered equivalent doses (AEDs) from AC50 values using toxicokinetic modeling. AEDs using physiologically-based toxicokinetic models were 4.1-fold (SD 6.3) and 8.1-fold (SD 15.5) lower than subchronic and chronic lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs), respectively. In contrast, AEDs from ToxCast and Tox21 assays were 89.8-fold (SD 149.5) and 168-fold (SD 323.7) lower than subchronic and chronic LOAELs. Individual HCI end-points also estimated AEDs for specific hepatic lesions that were lower than in vivo PODs. Lastly, AEDs were similar for different in vitro exposure durations, but steady-state toxicokinetic models produced 7.6-fold lower estimates than dynamic physiologically-based ones. Our findings suggest that NAMs from diverse cell types provide conservative estimates of PODs. In contrast, NAMs based on the same species and cell type as the adverse outcome may produce estimates closer to the traditional in vivo PODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shah
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todor Antonijevic
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), USA
| | - Bryant Chambers
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Russell Thomas
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Arnesdotter E, Spinu N, Firman J, Ebbrell D, Cronin MTD, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M. Derivation, characterisation and analysis of an adverse outcome pathway network for human hepatotoxicity. Toxicology 2021; 459:152856. [PMID: 34252478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their networks are important tools for the development of mechanistically based non-animal testing approaches, such as in vitro and/or in silico assays, to assess toxicity induced by chemicals. In the present study, an AOP network connecting 14 linear AOPs related to human hepatotoxicity, currently available in the AOP-Wiki, was derived according to established criteria. The derived AOP network was characterised and analysed with regard to its structure and topological features. In-depth analysis of the AOP network showed that cell injury/death, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of fatty acids are the most highly connected and central key events. Consequently, these key events may be considered as the rational and mechanistically anchored basis for selecting, developing and/optimising in vitro and/or in silico assays to predict hepatotoxicity induced by chemicals in view of animal-free hazard identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Arnesdotter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicoleta Spinu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - James Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - David Ebbrell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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NIMAKO C, IKENAKA Y, OKAMATSU-OGURA Y, BARIUAN JV, KOBAYASHI A, YAMAZAKI R, TAIRA K, HOSHI N, HIRANO T, NAKAYAMA SMM, ISHIZUKA M. Chronic low-dose exposure to imidacloprid potentiates high fat diet-mediated liver steatosis in C57BL/6J male mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:487-500. [PMID: 33487623 PMCID: PMC8025430 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is known to precede a continuum of events that lead to hepatic metabolic dysfunction, inflammation and carcinogenesis. Recently, studies have linked xenobiotic exposures to hepatic steatogenesis and its associated metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of imidacloprid in the prevalence of high fat diet (HFD)-induced liver steatosis, using a C57BL/6J mice model. Mice (3 weeks old) were fed with HFD and treated with 0.6 mg/kg bw/day (one-tenth of the NOAEL) of imidacloprid through water or diet, for 24 weeks. In a controlled group, mice were fed with only HFD. At the end of the study, imidacloprid treatment significantly potentiated HFD-induced body weight gain in mice. Also, imidacloprid increased the liver weights of mice, with complimentary reductions in mesenteric and gonadal white adipose tissue weights. Histopathological analysis of liver revealed a drastic steatosis in imidacloprid treated mice. Following a real-time qPCR analysis, imidacloprid upregulated transcriptions of hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis-related transcription factors and genes. Imidacloprid also induced hepatic expression of the gene encoding pregnane X receptor; but had no significant effect on hepatic expressions of liver X receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The imidacloprid treatment further enhanced serum alanine aminotransferase levels but downregulated hepatic antioxidant mRNA expressions. Ultimately, this study suggested an imidacloprid-potentiation effects on prevalence of HFD-induced liver steatosis via transcriptional modulations of the hepatic FA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins NIMAKO
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom
2531, South Africa
| | - Yuko OKAMATSU-OGURA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jussiaea V. BARIUAN
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita
18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo YAMAZAKI
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita
18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kumiko TAIRA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Center East, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666,
Japan
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo
657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Division of Drug and Structure Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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28
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Pestana CB, Firman JW, Cronin MT. Incorporating lines of evidence from New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to reduce uncertainties in a category based read-across: A case study for repeated dose toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 120:104855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Lasch A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. More than additive effects on liver triglyceride accumulation by combinations of steatotic and non-steatotic pesticides in HepaRG cells. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1397-1411. [PMID: 33575850 PMCID: PMC8032629 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The liver is constantly exposed to mixtures of hepatotoxic compounds, such as food contaminants and pesticides. Dose addition is regularly assumed for mixtures in risk assessment, which however might not be sufficiently protective in case of synergistic effects. Especially the prediction of combination effects of substances which do not share a common adverse outcome (AO) might be problematic. In this study, the focus was on the endpoint liver triglyceride accumulation in vitro, an indicator of hepatic fatty acid changes. The hepatotoxic compounds difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole were chosen which cause hepatic fatty acid changes in vivo, whereas fludioxonil was chosen as a hepatotoxic substance not causing fatty acid changes. Triglyceride accumulation was analyzed for combinations of steatotic and non-steatotic pesticides in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Investigations revealed a potentiation of triglyceride accumulation by mixtures of the steatotic compounds with the non-steatotic fludioxonil, as compared to the single compounds. Mathematical modeling of combination effects indicated more than additive effects for the tested combinations if the method by Chou was applied, and a decrease in EC50 values of the steatotic compounds when applied in mixtures. Use of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-driven testing strategy for liver steatosis showed interactions of the test compounds with the nuclear receptors AHR, CAR and PXR, as well as a downregulation of ACOX2. An ACOX2-dependent mechanism underlying the observed mixture effect could not be verified using a siRNA approach. By contrast, a toxicokinetic interaction was identified including an inhibition of the metabolic enzyme CYP3A4 by fludioxonil and a decreased metabolic conversion of the CYP3A4 substrate difenoconazole when used in mixture experiments. In conclusion, an interaction by a steatotic and a non-steatotic compound at the toxicokinetic level on the endpoint triglyceride accumulation in vitro was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lasch
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Fan L, Lai R, Ma N, Dong Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Qiao J, Lu H, Gong L, Tao Z, Chen J, Xie Q, Ren J. miR-552-3p modulates transcriptional activities of FXR and LXR to ameliorate hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder. J Hepatol 2021; 74:8-19. [PMID: 32818571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nuclear location of miRNAs has been known for more than a decade, but the exact function of miRNAs in the nucleus has not been fully elucidated. We previously discovered that intranuclear miR-552-3p has an inhibitory role on gene transcription and contains a particular AGGTCA-like sequence, the cis-elements of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear receptors. Here, we aim to explore the potential effect of miR-552-3p and its AGGTCA-like sequence on NR1s and its possible application in improving hepatic glycolipid metabolism. METHODS RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics analysis were used to reveal the possible pathways influenced by miR-552-3p. High fat-high fructose diet-fed mice and db/db mice transfected with AAV2/8-miR-552-3p were established to investigate the in vivo effects of miR-552-3p on hepatic glycolipid metabolism. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, pull-down, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the mechanism by which miR-552-3p regulates NR1s. RT-PCR was conducted to analyse miR-552-3p levels in liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD and normal controls. RESULTS MiR-552-3p could inhibit metabolic gene expression in vitro and displayed beneficial effects on glycolipid metabolism in vivo. Intranuclear miR-552-3p primarily regulated the LXRα and FXR pathways; this was achieved by its binding to the complementary sequence of AGGTCA to modulate the transcriptional activities of LXRα and FXR. Moreover, LXRα and FXR ligands could restore the effects of miR-552-3p on gene expression and glycolipid metabolism. Additionally, the hepatic miR-552-3p level was significantly decreased in liver samples from patients with NAFLD compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism by which miR-552-3p modulates LXRα and FXR has revealed a new method of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. In addition, the beneficial effects in vivo and clinical relevance of miR-552-3p suggest that it might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glycolipid metabolic disease. LAY SUMMARY Glycolipid metabolic diseases, which have become a major public health concern worldwide, are triggered by abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism. Herein, we show that miR-552-3p has the ability to ameliorate hepatic glycolipid metabolic diseases by modulating the transcriptional activities of LXRα and FXR in the nucleus. These findings provide evidence that miR-552-3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Dong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwen Qiao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Gong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouteng Tao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Rathman J, Yang C, Ribeiro JV, Mostrag A, Thakkar S, Tong W, Hobocienski B, Sacher O, Magdziarz T, Bienfait B. Development of a Battery of In Silico Prediction Tools for Drug-Induced Liver Injury from the Vantage Point of Translational Safety Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:601-615. [PMID: 33356149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenge when translating knowledge from the preclinical stage to human use cases. Attempts to model human DILI directly based on the information from drug labels have had some success; however, the approach falls short of providing insights or addressing uncertainty due to the difficulty of decoupling the idiosyncratic nature of human DILI outcomes. Our approach in this comparative analysis is to leverage existing preclinical and clinical data as well as information on metabolism to better translate mammalian to human DILI. The human DILI knowledge base from the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) National Center for Toxicology Research contains 1036 pharmaceuticals from diverse therapeutic categories. A human DILI training set of 305 oral marketed drugs was prepared and a binary classification scheme applied. The second knowledge base consists of mammalian repeated dose toxicity with liver toxicity data from various regulatory sources. Within this knowledge base, we identified 278 pharmaceuticals containing 198 marketed or withdrawn oral drugs with data from the U.S. FDA new drug application and 98 active pharmaceutical ingredients from ToxCast. From this collection, a set of 225 oral drugs was prepared as the mammalian hepatotoxicity training set with particular end points of pathology findings in the liver and bile duct. Both human and mammalian data sets were processed using various learning algorithms, including artificial intelligence approaches. The external validations for both models were comparable to the training statistics. These data sets were also used to extract species-differentiating chemotypes that differentiate DILI effects on humans from mammals. A systematic workflow was devised to predict human DILI and provide mechanistic insights. For a given query molecule, both human and mammalian models are run. If the predictions are discordant, both metabolites and parents are investigated for quantitative structure-activity relationship and species-differentiating chemotypes. Their results are combined using the Dempster-Shafer decision theory to yield a final outcome prediction for human DILI with estimated uncertainty. Finally, these tools are implementable within an in silico platform for systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rathman
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chihae Yang
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - J Vinicius Ribeiro
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Mostrag
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- National Center for Toxicology Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicology Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Bryan Hobocienski
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sacher
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Magdziarz
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Bienfait
- Molecular Networks GmbH - Computerchemie (MN-AM), 90411 Nurnberg, Germany
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32
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Yang C, Rathman JF, Magdziarz T, Mostrag A, Kulkarni S, Barton-Maclaren TS. Do Similar Structures Have Similar No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Values? Exploring Chemoinformatics Approaches for Estimating NOAEL Bounds and Uncertainties. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:616-633. [PMID: 33296179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of a substance is an important step in safety and regulatory assessments. Application of conventional in silico strategies, for example, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, to predict NOAEL values is inherently problematic. Whereas QSAR models for well-defined toxicity endpoints such as Ames mutagenicity or skin sensitization can be developed from mechanistic knowledge of molecular initiating events and adverse outcome pathways, QSAR is not appropriate for predicting a NOAEL value, a concentration at which "no effect" is observed. This paper presents a chemoinformatics approach and explores how it can be further refined through the incorporation of toxicity endpoint-specific information to estimate confidence bounds for the NOAEL of a target substance, given experimentally determined NOAEL values for one or more suitable analogues. With a sufficiently large NOAEL database, we analyze how a difference in NOAEL values for pairs of structures depends on their pairwise similarity, where similarity takes both structural features and physicochemical properties into account. The width of the estimate NOAEL confidence interval is proportional to the uncertainty. Using the new threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) database enriched with antimicrobials, examples are presented to illustrate how uncertainty decreases with increasing analogue quality and also how NOAEL bounds estimation can be significantly improved by filtering the full database to include only substances that are in structure categories relevant to the target and analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihae Yang
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - James F Rathman
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tomasz Magdziarz
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Mostrag
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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33
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Transcript and protein marker patterns for the identification of steatotic compounds in human HepaRG cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Küblbeck J, Niskanen J, Honkakoski P. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR. Cells 2020; 9:E2306. [PMID: 33076503 PMCID: PMC7602645 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) has emerged as a master activator of drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that govern the clearance of both exogenous and endogenous small molecules. Recent studies indicate that CAR participates, together with other nuclear receptors (NRs) and transcription factors, in regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatocyte communication, proliferation and toxicity, and liver tumor development in rodents. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a wide range of persistent organic compounds that have been associated with aberrations of hormone-dependent physiological processes. Their adverse health effects include metabolic alterations such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease in animal models and humans exposed to EDCs. As numerous xenobiotics can activate CAR, its role in EDC-elicited adverse metabolic effects has gained much interest. Here, we review the key features and mechanisms of CAR as a xenobiotic-sensing receptor, species differences and selectivity of CAR ligands, contribution of CAR to regulation hepatic metabolism, and evidence for CAR-dependent EDC action therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Küblbeck
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jonna Niskanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7569, USA
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35
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Inoue T, Iwazaki N, Araki T, Hitotsumachi H. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes and their Culturing Methods to Maintain Liver Functions for Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:773-779. [PMID: 32003687 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200131123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocytes are essential cell types for pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. However, widely used primary hepatocytes with individual variations in liver function lose those functions rapidly in culture. Hepatic cell lines are convenient to use but have low liver functions. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) cells can be expanded and potentially differentiated into any cell or tissue, including the liver. HiPS cell-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells (hiPSHeps) are expected to be extensively used as consistent functional human hepatocytes. Many laboratories are investigating methods of using hiPS cells to differentiate hepatocytes, but the derived cells still have immature liver functions. In this paper, we describe the current uses and limitations of conventional hepatic cells, evaluating the suitability of hiPS-Heps to pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals, and discuss the potential future use of non-conventional non-monolayer culture methods to derive fully functional hiPS-Heps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Inoue
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
| | - Norihiko Iwazaki
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
| | - Tetsuro Araki
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
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Lichtenstein D, Luckert C, Alarcan J, de Sousa G, Gioutlakis M, Katsanou ES, Konstantinidou P, Machera K, Milani ES, Peijnenburg A, Rahmani R, Rijkers D, Spyropoulou A, Stamou M, Stoopen G, Sturla SJ, Wollscheid B, Zucchini-Pascal N, Braeuning A, Lampen A. An adverse outcome pathway-based approach to assess steatotic mixture effects of hepatotoxic pesticides in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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van der Voet H, Kruisselbrink JW, de Boer WJ, van Lenthe MS, van den Heuvel J(H, Crépet A, Kennedy MC, Zilliacus J, Beronius A, Tebby C, Brochot C, Luckert C, Lampen A, Rorije E, Sprong C, van Klaveren JD. The MCRA toolbox of models and data to support chemical mixture risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Lasch A, Alarcan J, Lampen A, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. Combinations of LXR and RXR agonists induce triglyceride accumulation in human HepaRG cells in a synergistic manner. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1303-1320. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Klocke C, Lein PJ. Evidence Implicating Non-Dioxin-Like Congeners as the Key Mediators of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Developmental Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1013. [PMID: 32033061 PMCID: PMC7037228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being banned from production for decades, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continue to pose a significant risk to human health. This is due to not only the continued release of legacy PCBs from PCB-containing equipment and materials manufactured prior to the ban on PCB production, but also the inadvertent production of PCBs as byproducts of contemporary pigment and dye production. Evidence from human and animal studies clearly identifies developmental neurotoxicity as a primary endpoint of concern associated with PCB exposures. However, the relative role(s) of specific PCB congeners in mediating the adverse effects of PCBs on the developing nervous system, and the mechanism(s) by which PCBs disrupt typical neurodevelopment remain outstanding questions. New questions are also emerging regarding the potential developmental neurotoxicity of lower chlorinated PCBs that were not present in the legacy commercial PCB mixtures, but constitute a significant proportion of contemporary human PCB exposures. Here, we review behavioral and mechanistic data obtained from experimental models as well as recent epidemiological studies that suggest the non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs are primarily responsible for the developmental neurotoxicity associated with PCBs. We also discuss emerging data demonstrating the potential for non-legacy, lower chlorinated PCBs to cause adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Molecular targets, the relevance of PCB interactions with these targets to neurodevelopmental disorders, and critical data gaps are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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40
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Braeuning A, Mentz A, Schmidt FF, Albaum SP, Planatscher H, Kalinowski J, Joos TO, Poetz O, Lichtenstein D. RNA-protein correlation of liver toxicity markers in HepaRG cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:135-153. [PMID: 32194361 PMCID: PMC7068204 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a main target organ for the toxicity of many different compounds. While in general, in vivo testing is still routinely used for assessing the hepatotoxic potential of test chemicals, the use of in vitro models offers advantages with regard to throughput, consumption of resources, and animal welfare aspects. Using the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG, we performed a comparative evaluation of a panel of hepatotoxicity marker mRNAs and proteins after exposure of the cells to 30 different pesticidal active compounds comprising herbizides, fungicides, insecticides, and others. The panel of hepatotoxicity markers included nuclear receptor target genes, key players of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism-related pathways, as well as recently identified biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, marker genes and proteins were identified, for example, S100P, ANXA10, CYP1A1, and CYP7A1. These markers respond with high sensitivity to stimulation with chemically diverse test compounds already at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The potency of the test compounds, determined as an overall parameter of their ability to deregulate marker expression in vitro, was very similar between the mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this study does not only characterize the response of human liver cells to 30 different pesticides but also demonstrates that hepatotoxicity testing in human HepaRG cells yields well comparable results at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, robust hepatotoxicity marker genes and proteins were identified in HepaRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Almut Mentz
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Stefan P. Albaum
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas O. Joos
- Signatope GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen,Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- Signatope GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen,Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
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41
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AbdulHameed MDM, Pannala VR, Wallqvist A. Mining Public Toxicogenomic Data Reveals Insights and Challenges in Delineating Liver Steatosis Adverse Outcome Pathways. Front Genet 2019; 10:1007. [PMID: 31681434 PMCID: PMC6813744 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals contributes to the development and progression of fatty liver, or steatosis, a process characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. However, lack of knowledge on how chemicals cause steatosis has prevented any large-scale assessment of the 80,000+ chemicals in current use. To address this gap, we mined a large, publicly available toxicogenomic dataset associated with 18 known steatogenic chemicals to assess responses across assays (in vitro and in vivo) and species (i.e., rats and humans). We identified genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in rat in vivo, rat in vitro, and human in vitro studies in which rats or in vitro primary cell lines were exposed to the chemicals at different doses and durations. Using these DEGs, we performed pathway enrichment analysis, analyzed the molecular initiating events (MIEs) of the steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP), and predicted metabolite changes using metabolic network analysis. Genes indicative of oxidative stress were among the DEGs most frequently observed in the rat in vivo studies. Nox4, a pro-fibrotic gene, was down-regulated across these chemical exposure conditions. We identified eight genes (Cyp1a1, Egr1, Ccnb1, Gdf15, Cdk1, Pdk4, Ccna2, and Ns5atp9) and one pathway (retinol metabolism), associated with steatogenic chemicals and whose response was conserved across the three in vitro and in vivo systems. Similarly, we found the predicted metabolite changes, such as increases of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, conserved across the three systems. Analysis of the target genes associated with the MIEs of the current steatosis AOP did not provide a clear association between these 18 chemicals and the MIEs, underlining the multi-factorial nature of this disease. Notably, our overall analysis implicated mitochondrial toxicity as an important and overlooked MIE for chemical-induced steatosis. The integrated toxicogenomics approach to identify genes, pathways, and metabolites based on known steatogenic chemicals, provide an important mean to assess development of AOPs and gauging the relevance of new testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Diwan M AbdulHameed
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Venkat R Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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42
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Pessah IN, Lein PJ, Seegal RF, Sagiv SK. Neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and related organohalogens. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:363-387. [PMID: 30976975 PMCID: PMC6708608 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are pervasive in natural and built environments. Despite restrictions on the production of many of these compounds in most parts of the world through the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), many "legacy" compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are routinely detected in human tissues where they continue to pose significant health risks to highly exposed and susceptible populations. A major concern is developmental neurotoxicity, although impacts on neurodegenerative outcomes have also been noted. Here, we review human studies of prenatal and adult exposures to PCBs and describe the state of knowledge regarding outcomes across domains related to cognition (e.g., IQ, language, memory, learning), attention, behavioral regulation and executive function, and social behavior, including traits related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We also review current understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning these associations, with a focus on dopaminergic neurotransmission, thyroid hormone disruption, calcium dyshomeostasis, and oxidative stress. Finally, we briefly consider contemporary sources of organohalogens that may pose human health risks via mechanisms of neurotoxicity common to those ascribed to PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard F Seegal
- Professor Emeritus, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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43
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Characterizing the coverage of critical effects relevant in the safety evaluation of food additives by AOPs. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2115-2125. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Knebel C, Buhrke T, Süssmuth R, Lampen A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Pregnane X receptor mediates steatotic effects of propiconazole and tebuconazole in human liver cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1311-1322. [PMID: 30989312 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triazoles are commonly used fungicides which show liver toxicity in rodent studies. While hepatocellular hypertrophy is the most prominent finding, some triazoles have also been reported to cause hepatocellular steatosis. The aim of our study was to elucidate molecular mechanisms of triazole-mediated steatosis. Therefore, we used the two triazoles propiconazole (Pi) and tebuconazole (Te) as test compounds in in vitro assays using the human hepatocarcinoma cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG. Triglyceride accumulation was measured using the Adipored assay and by a gas-chromatographic method. Reporter gene analyses were used to assess the ability of Pi and Te to activate nuclear receptors, which are described as the molecular initiators in the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for liver steatosis. The expression of steatosis-associated genes was investigated by RT-PCR. Mechanistic analyses of triazole-mediated steatosis were performed using HepaRG subclones that are deficient in different nuclear receptors. Pi and Te both interacted with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Both compounds induced expression of steatosis-related genes and cellular triglyceride accumulation. The knockout of PXR in HepaRG cells, but not the CAR knockout, abolished triazole-induced triglyceride accumulation, thus underlining the crucial role of PXR in hepatic steatosis resulting from exposure to these fungicides. In conclusion, our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of steatosis induction by triazole fungicides and identify PXR as a critical mediator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Knebel
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich Süssmuth
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17.Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Kovarich S, Ceriani L, Fuart Gatnik M, Bassan A, Pavan M. Filling Data Gaps by Read-across: A Mini Review on its Application, Developments and Challenges. Mol Inform 2019; 38:e1800121. [PMID: 30977298 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Read-across is a non-testing data gap filling technique which provides information for toxicological assessments by inferring from known toxicity data of compound(s) with a "similar" property or chemical profile. The increased usage of read-across was driven by monetary, timing and ethical costs associated with in vivo testing, as well as promoted by regulatory frameworks to minimize new animal testing (e. g., EU-REACH). Several guidance documents have been published by ECHA and OECD providing guidelines on how to perform, assess and document a read-across study. In parallel, much effort was invested by the scientific community to provide good read-across practices and structured frameworks to enhance validity of read-across justifications. Nevertheless, read-across is an evolving method with several open issues and opportunities. A brief review is here provided on key developments on the use of read-across, regulatory and scientific expectations, practical hurdles and open challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kovarich
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche S.r.l., via G. Ferrari via 14, 36100, Vicenza -, Italy
| | - Lidia Ceriani
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche S.r.l., via G. Ferrari via 14, 36100, Vicenza -, Italy
| | - Mojca Fuart Gatnik
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche S.r.l., via G. Ferrari via 14, 36100, Vicenza -, Italy
| | - Arianna Bassan
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche S.r.l., via G. Ferrari via 14, 36100, Vicenza -, Italy
| | - Manuela Pavan
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche S.r.l., via G. Ferrari via 14, 36100, Vicenza -, Italy
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46
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Brunner AM, Dingemans MML, Baken KA, van Wezel AP. Prioritizing anthropogenic chemicals in drinking water and sources through combined use of mass spectrometry and ToxCast toxicity data. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:332-338. [PMID: 30384243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in high-resolution mass spectrometry based methods have enabled a shift from pure target analysis to target, suspect and non-target screening analyses to detect chemicals in water samples. The multitude of suspect chemicals thereby detected needs to be prioritized for further identification, prior to health risk assessment and potential inclusion into monitoring programs. Here, we compare prioritization of chemicals in Dutch water samples based on relative intensities only to prioritization including hazard information based on high-throughput in vitro toxicity data. Over 1000 suspects detected in sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater and drinking water samples were ranked based on their relative intensities. Toxicity data availability and density in the ToxCast database were determined and visualized for these suspects, also in regard to water relevant mechanisms of toxicity. More than 500 suspects could be ranked using occurrence/hazard ratios based on more than 1000 different assay endpoints. The comparison showed that different prioritization strategies resulted in significantly different ranking, with only 2 suspects prioritized based on occurrence among the top 20 in the hazard ranking. We therefore propose a novel scheme that integrates both exposure and hazard data, and efficiently prioritizes which features need to be confidently identified first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brunner
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Baken
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
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47
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Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Papadakis G, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Occult Mediator of Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30881345 PMCID: PMC6406073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals that can interfere with any aspect of endogenous hormones, represent an emerging global threat for human metabolism. There is now considerable evidence that the observed upsurge of metabolic disease cannot be fully attributed to increased caloric intake, physical inactivity, sleep deficit, and ageing. Among environmental factors implicated in the global deterioration of metabolic health, EDCs have drawn the biggest attention of scientific community, and not unjustifiably. EDCs unleash a coordinated attack toward multiple components of human metabolism, including crucial, metabolically-active organs such as hypothalamus, adipose tissue, pancreatic beta cells, skeletal muscle, and liver. Specifically, EDCs' impact during critical developmental windows can promote the disruption of individual or multiple systems involved in metabolism, via inducing epigenetic changes that can permanently alter the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the subsequent generations. The clear effect of this multifaceted attack is the manifestation of metabolic disease, clinically expressed as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although limitations of EDCs research do exist, there is no doubt that EDCs constitute a crucial parameter of the global deterioration of metabolic health we currently encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
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48
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Nelms MD, Mellor CL, Enoch SJ, Judson RS, Patlewicz G, Richard AM, Madden JM, Cronin MTD, Edwards SW. A Mechanistic Framework for Integrating Chemical Structure and High-Throughput Screening Results to Improve Toxicity Predictions. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 8:1-12. [PMID: 36779220 PMCID: PMC9910356 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) establish a connection between a molecular initiating event (MIE) and an adverse outcome. Detailed understanding of the MIE provides the ideal data for determining chemical properties required to elicit the MIE. This study utilized high-throughput screening data from the ToxCast program, coupled with chemical structural information, to generate chemical clusters using three similarity methods pertaining to nine MIEs within an AOP network for hepatic steatosis. Three case studies demonstrate the utility of the mechanistic information held by the MIE for integrating biological and chemical data. Evaluation of the chemical clusters activating the glucocorticoid receptor identified activity differences in chemicals within a cluster. Comparison of the estrogen receptor results with previous work showed that bioactivity data and structural alerts can be combined to improve predictions in a customizable way where bioactivity data are limited. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) highlighted that while structural data can be used to offset limited data for new screening efforts, not all ToxCast targets have sufficient data to define robust chemical clusters. In this context, an alternative to additional receptor assays is proposed where assays for proximal key events downstream of AHR activation could be used to enhance confidence in active calls. These case studies illustrate how the AOP framework can support an iterative process whereby in vitro toxicity testing and chemical structure can be combined to improve toxicity predictions. In vitro assays can inform the development of structural alerts linking chemical structure to toxicity. Consequently, structurally related chemical groups can facilitate identification of assays that would be informative for a specific MIE. Together, these activities form a virtuous cycle where the mechanistic basis for the in vitro results and the breadth of the structural alerts continually improve over time to better predict activity of chemicals for which limited toxicity data exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Nelms
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA,Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Claire L. Mellor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Enoch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ann M. Richard
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Judith M. Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Luckert C, Braeuning A, de Sousa G, Durinck S, Katsanou ES, Konstantinidou P, Machera K, Milani ES, Peijnenburg AACM, Rahmani R, Rajkovic A, Rijkers D, Spyropoulou A, Stamou M, Stoopen G, Sturla S, Wollscheid B, Zucchini-Pascal N, Lampen A. Adverse Outcome Pathway-Driven Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Vitro: A Case Study with Cyproconazole. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:784-798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luckert
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georges de Sousa
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Sigrid Durinck
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rahmani
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Geert Stoopen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nathalie Zucchini-Pascal
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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50
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PXR: Structure-specific activation by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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