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Zhang CJ, Mou H, Yuan J, Wang YH, Sun SN, Wang W, Xu ZH, Yu SJ, Jin K, Jin ZB. Effects of fluorescent protein tdTomato on mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109910. [PMID: 38663720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been widely used to investigate cellular and molecular interactions and trace biological events in many applications. Some of the FPs have been demonstrated to cause undesirable cellular damage by light-induced ROS production in vivo or in vitro. However, it remains unknown if one of the most popular FPs, tdTomato, has similar effects in neuronal cells. In this study, we discovered that tdTomato expression led to unexpected retinal dysfunction and ultrastructural defects in the transgenic mouse retina. The retinal dysfunction mainly manifested in the reduced photopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses and decreased contrast sensitivity in visual acuity, caused by mitochondrial damages characterized with cellular redistribution, morphological modifications and molecular profiling alterations. Taken together, our findings for the first time demonstrated the retinal dysfunction and ultrastructural defects in the retinas of tdTomato-transgenic mice, calling for a more careful design and interpretation of experiments involved in FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Mou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shu-Ning Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ze-Hua Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Si-Jian Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Chen X, Deng J, Zuo L, Luo H, Wang M, Deng P, Yang K, Yang Q, Huang X. Combined use of Panax notoginseng and leech provides new insights into renal fibrosis: Restoration of mitochondrial kinetic imbalance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303906. [PMID: 38809875 PMCID: PMC11135711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Panax notoginseng and leech (PL) on renal fibrosis and explore the mechanisms underlying their actions. For this study, we created an adenine-induced renal fibrosis model in SD rats to investigate the protective effect of PL on renal fibrosis and explore its underlying mechanism. Initially, we assessed the renal function in RF rats and found that Scr, BUN, and urine protein content decreased after PL treatment, indicating the protective effect of PL on renal function. Histological analysis using HE and Masson staining revealed that PL reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen fiber deposition in renal tissue. Subsequently, we analyzed the levels of α-SMA, Col-IV, and FN, which are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), using IHC, RT-qPCR, and WB. The results demonstrated that PL was effective in reducing the accumulation of ECM, with PL1-2 showing the highest effectiveness. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted UPLC-MS/MS analysis on the incoming components of the PL1-2 group. The results revealed several associations between the differential components and antioxidant and mitochondrial functions. This was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical indexes, which showed that PL1-2 ameliorated oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA production and increasing GSH and SOD levels. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy results indicated that PL1-2 promoted partial recovery of mitochondrial morphology and cristae. Finally, using RT-qPCR and WB, an increase in the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 after PL1-2 treatment was observed, coupled with a decline in the expression and phosphorylation of mitochondrial cleavage proteins Fis and Drp1. These findings collectively demonstrate that PL1-2 ameliorates renal fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwei Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Munan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuekuan Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Ke Y, Jiang X, Liu J, Xiao Y, Zheng H, Wang C, Chen X, Shi M. Fangji Huangqi decoction ameliorates membranous nephropathy through the upregulation of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117734. [PMID: 38237645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FJHQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula outlined in Zhang Zhongjing's "Jin Gui Yao Lue" during the Han Dynasty, is often used to treat conditions characterized by symptoms like edema and dysuria, including membranous nephropathy (MN). Despite its proven clinical effectiveness, the exact mechanisms through which FJHQ acts on MN remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether FJHQ enhances BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in podocytes by promoting BNIP3 expression and whether this improvement leads to the amelioration of MN. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, by establishing passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rats, an experimental rat model of MN induced by sheep anti-rat Fx1A serum, we evaluated the effects of FJHQ in vivo. In vitro experiments were carried out by treating primary podocytes with experimental rat serum. Furthermore, the potential mechanism by which FJHQ acts through BNIP3 was further examined by transfecting primary podocytes with the siRNA of BNIP3 or the corresponding control vector. RESULTS After 4 weeks, significant kidney damage was observed in the rats in the model group, comparatively, FJHQ markedly decreased urine volume, 24-h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Scr), and increased serum total albumin (ALB). Histology showed that FJHQ caused significant improvements in glomerular hyperplasia, and IgG immune complex deposition in MN rats. JC-1 fluorescence labelling and flow cytometry analysis showed that FJHQ could significantly increase mitochondrial membrane potential in vivo. In the mitochondria of MN model rats, FJHQ was able to down-regulate the expression of P62 and up-regulate the expression of BNIP3, LC3B, and LC3 II/LC3 I, according to Western blot and immunofluorescence studies. Furthermore, FJHQ has been shown to significantly up-regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulate P62 expression in mitochondria, and up-regulate the expression of BNIP3, LC3B, and LC3 II/LC3 I in mitochondria at the cellular level. After the administration of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the serum of rats treated with FJHQ further increased the expression of LC3 II/LC3 I in primary podocytes, showing higher autophagy flow. After the interference of BNIP3 in podocytes, the effect of FJHQ on mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy-related proteins almost disappeared. CONCLUSION FJHQ enhanced mitophagy in podocytes by promoting the expression of BNIP3, thereby contributing to the amelioration of MN. This work reveals the possible underlying mechanism by which FJHQ improves MN and provides a new avenue for MN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanrong Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manman Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiong Z, Peng G, Deng J, Liu M, Ning X, Zhuang Y, Yang H, Sun H. Therapeutic targets and potential delivery systems of melatonin in osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331934. [PMID: 38327517 PMCID: PMC10847247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent age-related musculoskeletal disorder that typically results in chronic pain and disability. OA is a multifactorial disease, with increased oxidative stress, dysregulated inflammatory response, and impaired matrix metabolism contributing to its onset and progression. The neurohormone melatonin, primarily synthesized by the pineal gland, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for OA due to its potential to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and chondrocyte death with minimal adverse effects. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding regarding melatonin as a promising pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of OA, along with an exploration of various delivery systems that can be utilized for melatonin administration. These findings may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for inhibiting the advancement of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoxuan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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5
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Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Majsterek I. Relationship between Biochemical Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs Involved in the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:292. [PMID: 38202299 PMCID: PMC10779474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive blinding disease, which affects the vision and quality of life of patients, and it severely impacts the society. This complication, caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, leads to structural, functional, molecular, and biochemical abnormalities in the retina. Oxidative stress and inflammation also play pivotal roles in the pathogenic process of DR, leading to mitochondrial damage and a decrease in mitochondrial function. DR causes retinal degeneration in glial and neural cells, while the disappearance of pericytes in retinal blood vessels leads to alterations in vascular regulation and stability. Clinical changes include dilatation and blood flow changes in response to the decrease in retinal perfusion in retinal blood vessels, leading to vascular leakage, neovascularization, and neurodegeneration. The loss of vascular cells in the retina results in capillary occlusion and ischemia. Thus, DR is a highly complex disease with various biological factors, which contribute to its pathogenesis. The interplay between biochemical pathways and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is essential for understanding the development and progression of DR. Abnormal expression of ncRNAs has been confirmed to promote the development of DR, suggesting that ncRNAs such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and theranostic targets in DR. This review provides an overview of the interactions between abnormal biochemical pathways and dysregulated expression of ncRNAs under the influence of hyperglycemic environment in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrowicka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (I.M.)
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Bryl A, Mrugacz M, Falkowski M, Zorena K. A Mediterranean Diet May Be Protective in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11145. [PMID: 37446322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is recognized as one of the healthiest available dietary patterns. This perception results from its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and, also, on hypertension, diabetes, and cancer compared with other diets. Its impact on the course of diabetes is assessed in the available scientific literature; however, little information is available about its impact on diabetic retinopathy. The MD is characterized mainly by the consumption of fish, seafood, foods of plant origin, and fresh fruit and vegetables. It is also recommended to consume legumes, which are a source of folic acid, magnesium, iron, and dietary fiber. High consumption of nuts and unrefined grains is also recommended in the MD. Marine fish provide polyunsaturated acids from the omega-3 group. Olive oil plays a very important role, especially olive oil obtained from mechanical pressing. Additionally, olive oil contains vitamins E, K, and polyphenols. Polyphenols, which are present in a diverse range of vegetables, fruits, and seeds, have the ability to decrease oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Resveratrol is naturally found in grape skins and seeds, as well as in peanuts and berries, and is a constituent of red wine. Resveratrol can inhibit increased vascular leakage and loss of pericytes and regulate the level of VEGF protein in the retina, thus inhibiting the development of DR. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, and olive oil may be correlated with a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy. This paper presents the definition of the Mediterranean diet and its influence on the course of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Falkowski
- PhD Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Lei J, Wang Q, Hong F. Exposure to multiple metals and diabetes mellitus risk in dong ethnicity in China: from the China multi-ethnic cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2435-2445. [PMID: 35986857 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals play an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The association of metals with diabetes among the Dong ethnicity in China remains poorly understood. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of single metal exposure and multi-metal co-exposure with DM risk. Urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) among 4479 Dong ethnic participants aged 30-79 years from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. Based on tertiles, the metal exposure can be divided into three groups: low, middle, and high exposure. Multivariate logistic regression models and principal component analysis were performed to determine exposure to single-metal and multi-metal co-exposure in relation to DM. A decrease in risk of DM was associated with iron (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-1.00 and 0.68, 0.53-0.88 for the middle and high vs. low) and strontium (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69-1.12 and 0.67, 0.51-0.86 for the middle and high vs. low), respectively. A principal component 3 (PC3) characterized by iron and strontium showed an inverse association with DM. A principal component 4 (PC4) characterized by manganese and lead positively associated with DM. Exposure to high concentrations of urinary iron and strontium may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus. This study revealed an increase in the risk of diabetes mellitus by co-exposure to high concentrations of urinary manganese and lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Guiyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou, 550003, China
| | - Qiaorong Wang
- University Town Hospital, Gui'an New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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8
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Huang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, He R, Chen X, Dong Z. Vaccinium as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2031. [PMID: 37432140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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9
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Kropp M, Golubnitschaja O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Sargheini N, Vo TTKS, de Clerck E, Polivka J, Potuznik P, Polivka J, Stetkarova I, Kubatka P, Thumann G. Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation. EPMA J 2023; 14:21-42. [PMID: 36866156 PMCID: PMC9971534 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The current screening process for the DR risk is not sufficiently effective such that often the disease is undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel disease and neuroretinal changes create a vicious cycle resulting in the conversion of DR into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial and retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, and reduced visual field. PDR is considered an independent predictor of other severe diabetic complications such as ischemic stroke. A "domino effect" is highly characteristic for the cascading DM complications in which DR is an early indicator of impaired molecular and visual signaling. Mitochondrial health control is clinically relevant in DR management, and multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental for DR prognosis and PDR prediction. Altered metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, microvascular deficits and small vessel disease, chronic inflammation, and excessive tissue remodelling are in focus of this article as evidence-based targets for a predictive approach to develop diagnosis and treatment algorithms tailored to the individual for a cost-effective early prevention by implementing the paradigm shift from reactive medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in primary and secondary DR care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kropp
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Trong-Tin Kevin Steve Vo
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eline de Clerck
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Potuznik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhao D, Lian F, Li X, Qi W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1112363. [PMID: 36824356 PMCID: PMC9941188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, with absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance as the main cause, and causes damage to various target organs including the heart, kidney and neurovascular. In terms of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of DM, oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms leading to DM and is an important link between DM and its complications. Oxidative stress is a pathological phenomenon resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the scavenging of antioxidant systems. The main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the mitochondria, which are also the main organelles damaged. In a chronic high glucose environment, impaired electron transport chain within the mitochondria leads to the production of ROS, prompts increased proton leakage and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which in turn releases cytochrome c (cyt-c), leading to apoptosis. This subsequently leads to a vicious cycle of impaired clearance by the body's antioxidant system, impaired transcription and protein synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is responsible for encoding mitochondrial proteins, and impaired DNA repair systems, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. This paper reviews the dysfunction of mitochondria in the environment of high glucose induced oxidative stress in the DM model, and looks forward to providing a new treatment plan for oxidative stress based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
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11
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Liu M, Sun X, Chen B, Dai R, Xi Z, Xu H. Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415893. [PMID: 36555531 PMCID: PMC9786916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant defence, compromising redox homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress, leading to the development of several diseases. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a principal antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by converting superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in mitochondria. Systematic studies have demonstrated that MnSOD plays an indispensable role in multiple diseases. This review focuses on preclinical evidence that describes the mechanisms of MnSOD in diseases accompanied with an imbalanced redox status, including fibrotic diseases, inflammation, diabetes, vascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The potential therapeutic effects of MnSOD activators and MnSOD mimetics are also discussed. Targeting this specific superoxide anion radical scavenger may be a clinically beneficial strategy, and understanding the therapeutic role of MnSOD may provide a positive insight into preventing and treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Boya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
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12
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Wei L, Sun X, Fan C, Li R, Zhou S, Yu H. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:963615. [PMID: 36111346 PMCID: PMC9468825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.963615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead to visual impairment and even blindness in severe cases. DR is generally considered to be a microvascular disease but its pathogenesis is still unclear. A large body of evidence shows that the development of DR is not determined by a single factor but rather by multiple related mechanisms that lead to different degrees of retinal damage in DR patients. Therefore, this article briefly reviews the pathophysiological changes in DR, and discusses the occurrence and development of DR resulting from different factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, neovascularization, neurodegeneration, the neurovascular unit, and gut microbiota, to provide a theoretical reference for the development of new DR treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Wei
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chenxi Fan
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rongli Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuanglong Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Hongsong Yu,
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13
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Flemming N, Pernoud L, Forbes J, Gallo L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Individuals with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162481. [PMID: 36010558 PMCID: PMC9406893 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Compared to the vast body of evidence from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, evidence from human studies is limited. In a comprehensive search of the published literature, findings from studies that reported evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in individuals with DKD were examined. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) were searched in March 2022. A total of 1339 articles were identified, and 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Compared to non-diabetic controls (NDC) and/or individuals with diabetes but without kidney disease (DC), individuals with DKD (age ~55 years; diabetes duration ~15 years) had evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Individuals with DKD had evidence of disrupted mitochondrial dynamics (11 of 11 articles), uncoupling (2 of 2 articles), oxidative damage (8 of 8 articles), decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity (1 of 1 article), decreased mtDNA content (5 of 6 articles), and decreased antioxidant capacity (3 of 4 articles) compared to ND and/or DC. Neither diabetes nor glycemic control explained these findings, but rather presence and severity of DKD may better reflect degree of mitochondrial dysfunction in this population. Future clinical studies should include individuals closer to diagnosis of diabetes to ascertain whether mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the development of, or is a consequence of, DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Flemming
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Birtinya 4556, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Pernoud
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore 4558, Australia
| | - Josephine Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Linda Gallo
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore 4558, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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14
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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15
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Mathew D, Luo Q, Bhatwadekar AD. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Results in Visual Dysfunction. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:364-378. [PMID: 35664832 PMCID: PMC9164246 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light has been increasingly in use for the past 70 years. The aberrant light exposure and round‐the‐clock nature of work lead to the disruption of biological clock. Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) contributes to multiple metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its effect on vision is not understood. Moreover, the mammalian retina possesses an autonomous clock that could be reset with light exposure. We evaluated the impact of CRD on retinal morphology, physiology, and vision after housing mice in a disruption inducing shorter light/dark cycle (L10:D10). Interestingly, the mice under L10:D10 exhibited three different entrainment behaviors; “entrained,” “free‐running,” and “zigzagging.” These behavior groups under CRD exhibited reduced visual acuity, retinal thinning, and a decrease in the number of photoreceptors. Intriguingly, the electroretinogram response was decreased only in the mice exhibiting “entrained” behavior. The retinal proteome showed distinct changes with each entrainment behavior, and there was a dysfunctional oxidative stress‐antioxidant mechanism. These results demonstrate that CRD alters entrainment behavior and leads to visual dysfunction in mice. Our studies uniquely show the effect of entrainment behavior on retinal physiology. Our data have broader implications in understanding and mitigating the impact of CRD on vision and its potential role in the etiology of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
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16
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Basu A, Alman AC, Snell-Bergeon JK. Associations of Dietary Antioxidants with Glycated Hemoglobin and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:4747573. [PMID: 35789593 PMCID: PMC9250432 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4747573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and poor glycemic control and oxidative stress play a major role in its pathology. There is a lack of data on the role of dietary antioxidant micronutrients, including vitamins and trace elements, in glycemic control in T1D. The aim of this study is to examine associations of dietary intakes of micronutrients with glycemic status. We report data from a cross-sectional analysis from the coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes (CACTI) study (n = 1257; T1D: n = 568; nondiabetic controls: n = 689) collected between the years 2000 and 2002. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, a physical examination, and biochemical analyses. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of dietary antioxidant micronutrients with HbA1c and estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS) in models adjusted for relevant covariates and stratified by diabetes status. In adults with T1D, we observed higher dietary manganese intake associated with higher eIS in the model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and total calories. In nondiabetic controls, higher intake of manganese associated with lower HbA1c and higher eIS values that persisted in models adjusted for all relevant covariates. On the other hand, dietary copper revealed a positive association with HbA1c in models adjusted for all covariates, except BMI and plasma lipids. No associations were noted for vitamins C and E and dietary carotenoids in either group. These findings reveal dietary antioxidant micronutrients, especially trace elements such as copper and manganese deserve special attention in glycemic control in adults with T1D as well as in nondiabetic controls.This trial is register with NCT00005754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA
| | - Amy C. Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
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17
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Ghareghomi S, Rahban M, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Habibi-Rezaei M, Saso L, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The Potential Role of Curcumin in Modulating the Master Antioxidant Pathway in Diabetic Hypoxia-Induced Complications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247658. [PMID: 34946740 PMCID: PMC8706440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the leading player in the onset and development of various diseases. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a pivotal antioxidant system that preserves the cells' redox balance. It decreases inflammation in which the nuclear trans-localization of Nrf2 as a transcription factor promotes various antioxidant responses in cells. Through some other directions and regulatory proteins, this pathway plays a fundamental role in preventing several diseases and reducing their complications. Regulation of the Nrf2 pathway occurs on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and these regulations play a significant role in its activity. There is a subtle correlation between the Nrf2 pathway and the pivotal signaling pathways, including PI3 kinase/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and HIF-1 factors. This demonstrates its role in the development of various diseases. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. Since hyperglycemia and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the leading causes of common diabetic complications, reducing the generation of ROS can be a fundamental approach to dealing with these complications. Curcumin can be considered a potential treatment option by creating an efficient therapeutic to counteract ROS and reduce its detrimental effects. This review discusses Nrf2 pathway regulation at different levels and its correlation with other important pathways and proteins in the cell involved in the progression of diabetic complications and targeting these pathways by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahdie Rahban
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Center of Excellence in NanoBiomedicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
- UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
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18
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Wang XH, Lang R, Zeng Q, Liang Y, Chen N, Ma ZZ, Yu RH. Jianpi Qushi Heluo Formula alleviates renal damages in Passive Hemann nephritis in rats by upregulating Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18338. [PMID: 34526554 PMCID: PMC8443625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jianpi Qushi Heluo Formula (JQHF) is an empirical traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating Membranous Nephropathy (MN) clinically in China. The therapeutic effect of JQHF has been reported in our previous studies. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown. In this study, by establishing an experimental rat model of MN induced by Sheep anti-rat Fx1A serum, we evaluated the effects of JQHF and Tetrandrine (TET), and Benazepril was used as a positive control. As an autophagy agonist, TET is one of the most active components in JQHF. After 4 weeks, significant kidney damage was observed in the rats in the Model group; comparatively, JQHF markedly decreased 24 h urinary protein, Total Cholesterol (TC), and increased serum total Albumin (ALB). Histology showed that JQHF caused significant improvements in glomerular hyperplasia, renal tubular damage, IgG immune complex deposition, and the ultrastructure of mitochondria in MN rats. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with JQHF reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis rate, and upregulated mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis demonstrated that JQHF could protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by upregulating the expression of PINK1, Mitochondrial Parkin, and LC3-II/I, downregulating the expression of Cytoplasmic Parkin, P62, Cytochrome c, and Caspase-3 in the kidneys of MN rats. From images of co-immunofluorescence, it is observed significantly increase in the co-localization of PINK1 and Parkin, as well as LC3 and mitochondria. Similarly, TET treatment significantly upregulated the mitochondrial autophagy and reduced apoptosis in rats after 4 weeks compared with the model group. Comparatively, the ability of JQHF to alleviate renal damage was significantly higher than those of Benazepril and TET. It was demonstrated that JQHF could delay pathology damage to the kidney and hold back from the progression of MN by inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating the mitochondrial autophagy by PINK1/Parkin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Wang
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Rui Lang
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Liang
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Nan Chen
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ren-Huan Yu
- China Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Might Mitochondrial Dysfunction Help Deciphering the Common Path? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081257. [PMID: 34439505 PMCID: PMC8389322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of clinical and epidemiological studies support the hypothesis of a tight correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, the proposed definition of Alzheimer's disease as type 3 diabetes (T3D) underlines the key role played by deranged insulin signaling to accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the senile plaques of the brain. Metabolic disturbances such as hyperglycemia, peripheral hyperinsulinemia, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation associated with T2DM are responsible for an inefficient transport of insulin to the brain, producing a neuronal insulin resistance that triggers an enhanced production and deposition of Aβ and concomitantly contributes to impairment in the micro-tubule-associated protein Tau, leading to neural degeneration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the reduced antioxidant capacity observed in T2DM patients, together with the impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism and the decreased performance of mitochondrial activity, suggests the existence of a relationship between oxidative damage, mitochondrial impairment, and cognitive dysfunction that could further reinforce the common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which insulin-signaling dysregulation in T2DM can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, deepening the analysis of complex mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress and their possible influence in AD and T2DM. In addition, the role of current therapies as tools for prevention or treatment of damage induced by oxidative stress in T2DM and AD will be debated.
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20
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A study of therapeutic effects of 670 nm irradiation in different types of diabetic macular edema. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2020-9-4-15-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of 670 nm irradiation in patients with diabetic macular edema. In several studies, positive effects of red/near-infrared irradiation showed in a range of ocular diseases such as macular degeneration, macular edema, and retinitis pigmentosa. This study was conducted on forty five eyes of 26 diabetic patients with macular edema between the ages of 51 and 80.Measurement of visual acuity and slit lamp examination, funduscopy, and optical coherence tomography were performed in all subjects. None of the patients had proliferative retinopathy. We used a portable LED device (Warp 10, Quantum Devices) for treatment. Patients held this device at a distance of 3 cm from their eyes for 240 seconds for three months. Full ophthalmic examinations were repeated 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.After 3 months, the mean visual acuity improved from 0.44 ± 0.38 log MAR to 0.27 ± 0.24 log MAR and vision increased by 1.52 ± 1.16 lines post treatment (р<0.001). The mean central macula thickness decreased from 381.49 ± 144.40 μm to 359.72 ± 128.84 μm (р=0.050). In patients with mild and moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, the mean central retinal thickness decreased 52.06 ± 67.78 μm and 39.27 ± 44.69 μm, respectively, but patients with severe type showed an increase of 34.93 ± 65.65 μm in the mean central retinal thickness (р<0.001). Also, the severity of macular edema had no effect on final outcomes (р>0.05). Photobiomodulation can positively affect diabetic macular edema, especially in patients with mild to moderate diabetic retinopathy.
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21
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Johra FT, Bepari AK, Bristy AT, Reza HM. A Mechanistic Review of β-Carotene, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin in Eye Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1046. [PMID: 33114699 PMCID: PMC7692753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants abundantly found as colorful pigments in fruits and vegetables. At least 600 carotenoids occur naturally, although about 20 of them, including β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and cryptoxanthin, are detectable in the human blood. They have distinct physiological and pathophysiological functions ranging from fetal development to adult homeostasis. β-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A that essentially functions in many biological processes including vision. The human macula lutea and eye lens are rich in lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, collectively known as macular xanthophylls, which help maintain eye health and prevent ophthalmic diseases. Ocular carotenoids absorb light from the visible region (400-500 nm wavelength), enabling them to protect the retina and lens from potential photochemical damage induced by light exposure. These natural antioxidants also aid in quenching free radicals produced by complex physiological reactions and, consequently, protect the eye from oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This review discusses the protective mechanisms of macular xanthophylls in preventing eye diseases such as cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, some preclinical animal studies and some clinical trials are discussed briefly to understand carotenoid safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (F.T.J.); (A.K.B.); (A.T.B.)
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Morvaridzadeh M, Sadeghi E, Agah S, Nachvak SM, Fazelian S, Moradi F, Persad E, Heshmati J. Effect of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105210. [PMID: 33007423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and neutralizing antioxidants within the body, is a growing public health concern. Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of nearly all chronic diseases. Melatonin has been suggested to reduce oxidative stress by its potential radical scavenging properties. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of melatonin as a therapy for the improvement of oxidative stress parameters in randomized controlled trials. METHODS A systematic database search using Scopus, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials and clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov) for studies published up to July 2020 was conducted. We included studies which investigated the effect of supplemental melatonin compared to placebo on oxidative stress parameters in unhealthy patients. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using a random-effects model with standard mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Cochrane's Q and I2 values were used to evaluate heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible. The meta-analysis indicated an association between melatonin intake and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.30, 1.21; I2 = 80.1 %), glutathione (GSH) levels (SMD: 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.32, 0.83; I2 = 15.1 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 1.38; 95 % CI: 0.13, 2.62; I2 = 86.9 %), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 1.36; 95 % CI: 0.46, 2.30; I2 = 89.3 %), glutathione reductase (GR) (SMD: 1.21; 95 % CI: 0.65, 1.77; I2 = 00.0 %) activities, and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: -0.79; 95 % CI: -1.19, -0.39; I2 = 73.1 %). Melatonin intake was not shown to significantly affect nitric oxide (NO) levels (SMD: -0.24; 95 % CI: -0.61, 0.14; I2 = 00.0 %) or catalase (CAT) activity (SMD: -1.38; 95 % CI: -1.42, 4.18; I2 = 96.6 %). CONCLUSION Melatonin intake was shown to have a significant impact on improving Oxidative stress parameters. However, future research through large, well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to determine the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress parameters in different age groups and different disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Diabetic Retinopathy: The Role of Mitochondria in the Neural Retina and Microvascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100905. [PMID: 32977483 PMCID: PMC7598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population, is clinically defined as a microvascular disease that involves damage of the retinal capillaries with secondary visual impairment. While its clinical diagnosis is based on vascular pathology, DR is associated with early abnormalities in the electroretinogram, indicating alterations of the neural retina and impaired visual signaling. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and likely involves the simultaneous dysregulation of multiple metabolic and signaling pathways through the retinal neurovascular unit. There is evidence that microvascular disease in DR is caused in part by altered energetic metabolism in the neural retina and specifically from signals originating in the photoreceptors. In this review, we discuss the main pathogenic mechanisms that link alterations in neural retina bioenergetics with vascular regression in DR. We focus specifically on the recent developments related to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism including energetic substrate selection, mitochondrial function, oxidation-reduction (redox) imbalance, and oxidative stress, and critically discuss the mechanisms of these changes and their consequences on retinal function. We also acknowledge implications for emerging therapeutic approaches and future research directions to find novel mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies to correct bioenergetics in diabetes. We conclude that retinal bioenergetics is affected in the early stages of diabetes with consequences beyond changes in ATP content, and that maintaining mitochondrial integrity may alleviate retinal disease.
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24
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Mudali D, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK. Probing the characteristics and biofunctional effects of disease-affected cells and drug response via machine learning applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:951-977. [PMID: 32633615 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1789062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced transformations in disease characteristics at the cellular and molecular level offers the opportunity to predict and evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients whilst enabling the optimal design of new and improved drugs with enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Machine learning is a promising in-silico tool used to simulate cells with specific disease properties and to determine their response toward drug uptake. Differences in the properties of normal and infected cells, including biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics, plays a key role in developing fundamental cellular probing platforms for machine learning applications. Cellular features can be extracted periodically from both the drug treated, infected, and normal cells via image segmentations in order to probe dynamic differences in cell behavior. Cellular segmentation can be evaluated to reflect the levels of drug effect on a distinct cell or group of cells via probability scoring. This article provides an account for the use of machine learning methods to probe differences in the biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of infected cells in response to pharmacokinetics uptake of drug ingredients for application in cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mudali
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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25
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Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060561. [PMID: 32604941 PMCID: PMC7346101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials dealing with the effect of the antioxidants on DR.
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26
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Ferrington DA, Fisher CR, Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial Defects Drive Degenerative Retinal Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:105-118. [PMID: 31771932 PMCID: PMC6938541 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathology of two major blinding retinal diseases, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These diseases accumulate mitochondrial defects in distinct retinal subcellular structures, the vascular/neural network in DR and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in AMD. These mitochondrial defects cause a metabolic crisis that drives disease. With no treatments to stop these diseases, coupled with an increasing population suffering from AMD and DR, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics targeting the mitochondria to prevent or reverse disease-specific pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences and Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Cody R Fisher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences and Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Vision, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Sun D, Wei Y, Zheng HX, Jin L, Wang J. Contribution of Mitochondrial DNA Variation to Chronic Disease in East Asian Populations. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:128. [PMID: 31803756 PMCID: PMC6873657 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main producers of energy in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations (haplogroups), and these variations can contribute to human disease. East Asian populations show enrichment of many mitochondrial haplogroups, including A, B, D, G, M7, M8, M9, N9, R9, and exhibit half of the known haplogroups of worldwide. In this review, we summarize the current research in the field of mtDNA variation and associated disease in East Asian populations and discuss the physiological and pathological relevance of mitochondrial biology. mtDNA haplogroups are associated with various metabolic disorders ascribed to altered oxidative phosphorylation. The same mitochondrial haplogroup can show either a negative or positive association with different diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative stress, ultimately influence susceptibility to various diseases. In addition, mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways may have profound effects on nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, affecting cellular morphology, and function. Other complex networks including proteostasis, mitochondrial unfolded protein response and reactive oxygen species signaling may also play pivotal roles in metabolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Kosmider B, Lin CR, Karim L, Tomar D, Vlasenko L, Marchetti N, Bolla S, Madesh M, Criner GJ, Bahmed K. Mitochondrial dysfunction in human primary alveolar type II cells in emphysema. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:305-316. [PMID: 31383554 PMCID: PMC6711885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is the main risk factor of pulmonary emphysema development, which is characterized by alveolar wall destruction. Mitochondria are important for alveolar type II (ATII) cell metabolism due to ATP generation. METHODS We isolated ATII cells from control non-smoker and smoker organ donors, and after lung transplant of patients with emphysema to determine mitochondrial function, dynamics and mitochondrial (mt) DNA damage. FINDINGS We found high mitochondrial superoxide generation and mtDNA damage in ATII cells in emphysema. This correlated with decreased mtDNA amount. We also detected high TOP1-cc and low TDP1 levels in mitochondria in ATII cells in emphysema. This contributed to the decreased resolution of TOP1-cc leading to accumulation of mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we used lung tissue obtained from areas with mild and severe emphysema from the same patients. We found a correlation between the impaired fusion and fission as indicated by low MFN1, OPA1, FIS1, and p-DRP1 levels and this disease severity. We detected lower TDP1 expression in severe compared to mild emphysema. INTERPRETATION We found high DNA damage and impairment of DNA damage repair in mitochondria in ATII cells isolated from emphysema patients, which contribute to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings provide molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in this disease. FUND: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 HL118171 (B.K.) and the Catalyst Award from the American Lung Association (K.B.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kosmider
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America.
| | - Chih-Ru Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Loukmane Karim
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Liudmila Vlasenko
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Sudhir Bolla
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America.
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30
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Zhang LW, Zhao H, Chen BH. Reactive oxygen species mediates a metabolic memory of high glucose stress signaling in bovine retinal pericytes. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1067-1074. [PMID: 31341794 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant mechanism underlying the metabolic memory of bovine retinal pericytes (BRPs) induced by high glucose. METHODS Effects of high glucose levels and culture time on BRPs viability were evaluated by CCK-8. BRPs were grown in high-glucose media (30 mmol/L) for 4d followed by culture in normal glucose condition (5.6 mmol/L) for 4d in an experimental group. In contrast, in negative and positive control groups, BRPs were grown in either normal-glucose media or high-glucose media for 8d, respectively. The ROS levels, apoptosis, the expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in BRPs, as well as the protective effect of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated over expression of MnSOD were determined separately by DCHFA, ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS Comparing the result of cells apoptosis, activity and protein expression of MnSOD and caspase-3, the cell culture system that exposed in sequence in 30 mmol/L and normal glucose for 4d was demonstrated as a suitable model of metabolic memory. Furthermore, delivery of antioxidant gene MnSOD can decrease BRPs apoptosis, reduce activated caspase-3, and reverse hyperglycemic memory by reducing the ROS of mitochondria. CONCLUSION Increased ROS levels and decreased MnSOD levels may play important roles in pericyte loss of diabetic retinopathy. BRPs cultured in high glucose for 4d followed by normal glucose for 4d could be an appropriate model of metabolic memory. rAAV-MnSOD gene therapy provides a promising strategy to inhibit this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bai-Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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31
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Proteomic analysis of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs) reveals alteration of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) components in uncontrolled diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:1-14. [PMID: 31273604 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have been thought to play a major role in inflammation and diabetic complications especially in poor glycemic control patients as demonstrated by their aberrant inflammatory markers. The aim of the present study was to compare neutrophil proteome profiles between diabetic patients with good glycemic control and those with poor glycemic control to see whether there might be any differences that could be related to the cause of complications which are found more commonly in the latter. Using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) and/or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we identified 35 differentially expressed proteins, some of which were protein components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in the poor glycemic control group compared to the good glycemic control group. The observed alterations of protein components of NETs included downregulation of myeloperoxidase, azurocidin (CAP37), and S100A9; and upregulation of the glycolytic enzymes transketolase and alpha-enolase. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), functioning in cellular response and defense, was also found downregulated in the poor control group. Most of the glycolysis-related proteins were downregulated in the good control group but upregulated in the poor control group, including phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDHB). The findings of this study demonstrate the dysregulation of protein components of NETs in neutrophils in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. More specifically, these findings suggest association between NETs and inflammation in diabetes and provide further insights into the role of neutrophils in the complications of poorly controlled diabetes.
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Cui YM, Zhang HJ, Zhou JM, Wu SG, Zhang C, Qi GH, Wang J. Effects of long-term supplementation with amino acid-complexed manganese on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and organ histopathology in laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu P, Peng QH, Tong P, Li WJ. Astragalus polysaccharides suppresses high glucose-induced metabolic memory in retinal pigment epithelial cells through inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis by regulating miR-195. Mol Med 2019; 25:21. [PMID: 31117931 PMCID: PMC6530096 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic memory contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the complication of diabetes. But it's still unknown how to prevent the metabolic memory to treat the DR. In our study, we want to examine the function of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in the metabolic memory of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) pretreated with high glucose (HG). METHODS ARPE-19 and PRPE cells were exposed to HG followed by normal glucose (NG) treatment with or without APS. QPCR was used to examine the levels of miR-195 and Bcl-2. MDA and SOD detection assays were used to examine the oxidative stress level. Western blotting and immunostaining were applied to detect the protein level of mitochondrial damage and apoptotic signaling pathway. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were used to analyze cell apoptosis. Luciferase assay was used to examine the direct target of miR-195. RESULTS APS treatment significantly decreased the expression of miR-195, while increased the expression of Bcl-2 with optimized dosages which were induced by HG treatment, even after replacing the HG with NG. And we found Bcl-2 was the direct target of miR-195. APS alleviated the oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis induced by HG and HG + NG treatments in RPE cells via regulating miR-195. Furthermore, we found overexpression of miR-195 abolished the alleviated effects of APS on the HG-treated RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS APS suppressed high glucose-induced metabolic memory in retinal pigment epithelial cells through inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis by regulating miR-195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Perturbed Biochemical Pathways and Associated Oxidative Stress Lead to Vascular Dysfunctions in Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8458472. [PMID: 30962865 PMCID: PMC6431380 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8458472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vascular insult that accompanies the hyperglycemic state. Retinal vasculature holds a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the retina, and any alteration to retinal vasculature affects retinal functions. The blood retinal barrier, a prerequisite to vision acuity, is most susceptible to damage during the progression of DR. This is a consequence of impaired biochemical pathways such as the polyol, advanced end glycation products (AGE), hexosamine, protein kinase C (PKC), and tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathways. Moreover, the role of histone modification and altered miRNA expression is also emerging as a major contributor. Epigenetic changes create a link between altered protein function and redox status of retinal cells, creating a state of metabolic memory. Although various biochemical pathways underlie the etiology of DR, the major insult to the retina is due to oxidative stress, a unifying factor of altered biochemical pathways. This review primarily focuses on the critical biochemical pathways altered in DR leading to vascular dysfunctions and discusses antioxidants as plausible treatment strategies.
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35
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Chocron ES, Munkácsy E, Pickering AM. Cause or casualty: The role of mitochondrial DNA in aging and age-associated disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:285-297. [PMID: 30419337 PMCID: PMC6310633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) represents a tiny fraction of the whole genome, comprising just 16.6 kilobases encoding 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the mitochondrial translation machinery. Despite its small size, much interest has developed in recent years regarding the role of mtDNA as a determinant of both aging and age-associated diseases. A number of studies have presented compelling evidence for key roles of mtDNA in age-related pathology, although many are correlative rather than demonstrating cause. In this review we will evaluate the evidence supporting and opposing a role for mtDNA in age-associated functional declines and diseases. We provide an overview of mtDNA biology, damage and repair as well as the influence of mitochondrial haplogroups, epigenetics and maternal inheritance in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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36
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Salles GN, Calió ML, Afewerki S, Pacheco-Soares C, Porcionatto M, Hölscher C, Lobo AO. Prolonged Drug-Releasing Fibers Attenuate Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36693-36702. [PMID: 30298718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs and agents to the brain is a huge challenge, especially for chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this, prolonged and sustained release methods to increase brain uptake represent an impacting concept. The bioresorbable polymer poly-lactic acid (PLA) has high potential for medical implants; at the same time, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have considerable neuroprotective attributes and represent a therapeutic strategy for AD. Here, a biodevice is produced by electrospinning PLA with a GLP-1 analogue (liraglutide, LG), coated with a thin layer of gelatin. The biodevice is subcutaneously implanted in a transgenic mouse model of AD and LG is released for 14 days in mice serum. After 4 weeks of implantation, crucial hallmarks of the AD are highly diminished: hippocampal senile amyloid β plaque load and neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, neurogenesis is enhanced in the subventricular zone, an important neurogenic niche in the brain. The designed biodevice holds great promise for being an affordable candidate to act as a prolonged drug provider, promoting LG mission through increasing its lifetime, constituting a relevant approach for old and impaired brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa Nogueira Salles
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento , Universidade do Vale do Paraiba , Sao Jose dos Campos 12244-000 , São Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina , Universidade Federal São Paulo , São Paulo 04021-00 , Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Michele Longoni Calió
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina , Universidade Federal São Paulo , São Paulo 04021-00 , Brazil
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Brigham & Women's Hospital , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento , Universidade do Vale do Paraiba , Sao Jose dos Campos 12244-000 , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina , Universidade Federal São Paulo , São Paulo 04021-00 , Brazil
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Institute of Science and Technology , Universidade Brasil , Itaquera 08230-030 , São Paulo , Brazil
- LIMAv-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, PPGCM-Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program , UFPI-Federal University of Piaui , Teresina 64049-550 , Piauí , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139-4307 , United States
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Rodriguez H, El-Osta A. Epigenetic Contribution to the Development and Progression of Vascular Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1074-1091. [PMID: 29304555 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide is steadily rising. Complications from diabetes, including cardiovascular and renal disease, contribute to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent Advances: Hyperglycemia promotes tissue damage through diverse mechanisms involving increased production of reactive oxygen species. Increased oxidative stress drives changes in chromatin structure that mediate gene expression changes leading to the upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. The epigenetic contribution to diabetes-induced changes in gene expression is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of vascular diabetic complications. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanisms through which stimuli from the diabetic milieu promote epigenetic changes remain poorly understood. In addition, glycemic control constitutes an important factor influencing epigenetic states in diabetes, and the phenomenon of hyperglycemic memory warrants further research. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in diabetes may allow the design of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Furthermore, certain epigenetic markers are detected early during the onset of diabetes and its complications and may prove useful as biomarkers for disease risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Rodriguez
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,3 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shao Y, Li X, Wood JW, Ma JX. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, endothelial progenitor cells and diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:966-973. [PMID: 30068485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working age population. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play a vital role in vascular damage repair. This article will review recent progress regarding mitochondrial and EPC dysfunction associated with DR. RESULTS EPCs represent a limited population of adult stem cells possessing vasculogenic potential postnatally; their number and function are changed in DR. Among all the function changes, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the dysregulation of EPCs, as mitochondria regulate energy balance, and cell fate determination. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanism for the role of mitochondria dysregulation in EPC function remains elusive, mitochondria of EPCs represent a promising target for the treatment of the vasculopathy presented within DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China; Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - John W Wood
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
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The Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction during the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3420187. [PMID: 30254714 PMCID: PMC6145164 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3420187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications induced by hyperglycemia via five major pathways, including polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, and angiotensin II pathways and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. The hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces local inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, and cell apoptosis. The accumulation of ROS, local inflammation, and cell death are tightly linked and considerably affect all phases of diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis. Furthermore, microvascular dysfunction induces ischemia and local inflammation, leading to neovascularization, macular edema, and neurodysfunction, ultimately leading to long-term blindness. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we summarized the existing knowledge about the pathogenesis and current strategies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and we believe this systematization will help and support further research in this area.
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Williamson RD, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS, Totorika A, Kenny LC, McCarthy C. Exploring the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 13:248-253. [PMID: 30177060 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Williamson
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Ainhoa Totorika
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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41
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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42
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Abu Bakar MH, Hairunisa N, Zaman Huri H. Reduced mitochondrial DNA content in lymphocytes is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:373-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Oxidative Stress and Beyond. Semin Nephrol 2018; 38:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bachewal P, Gundu C, Yerra VG, Kalvala AK, Areti A, Kumar A. Morin exerts neuroprotection via attenuation of ROS induced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Biofactors 2018; 44:109-122. [PMID: 29193444 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morin, a bioflavonoid with diverse pharmacological effects against various diseases; in most cases morin protective effects were attributed to its detoxifying effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a chronic, debilitating neuronal pain associated with intense generation of free radicals and proinflammatory cytokine accumulation in peripheral neurons. We investigated the pharmacological effect of morin against metabolic excess mediated mitochondrial ROS generation and corresponding effect on Nrf2, NF-κB pathways in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and in high glucose insulted Mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro 2A (N2A). Animals were evaluated for nerve function parameters, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) and nerve blood flow (NBF) followed by TUNEL and immunoblot analysis. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by performing JC-1 and MitoSOX assays in high glucose (30 mM) incubated N2A cells. Diabetic animals showed significant impairment in MNCV, SNCV, and NBF as well as increased pain hypersensitivity. However, oral administration of morin at 50 and 100 mg/kg improved SNCV, MNCV, and NBF and reduced sensorimotor alterations (hyperalgesia and allodynia) in diabetic animals. Studies in N2A cells have revealed that morin ameliorated the high glucose-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, membrane depolarization, and total ROS generation. Morin effectively counteracted NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation by reducing ROS mediated IKK activation and increased Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses in high glucose-induced N2A cells. The results of our study suggest that morin has exquisite role in offering neuroprotection in experimental DN and further clinical investigation may reward in finding better alternative for the management of DN. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):109-122, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragna Bachewal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Aparna Areti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Shah ZH, Rehman HM, Akhtar T, Alsamadany H, Hamooh BT, Mujtaba T, Daur I, Al Zahrani Y, Alzahrani HAS, Ali S, Yang SH, Chung G. Humic Substances: Determining Potential Molecular Regulatory Processes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:263. [PMID: 29593751 PMCID: PMC5861677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HSs) have considerable effects on soil fertility and crop productivity owing to their unique physiochemical and biochemical properties, and play a vital role in establishing biotic and abiotic interactions within the plant rhizosphere. A comprehensive understanding of the mode of action and tissue distribution of HS is, however, required, as this knowledge could be useful for devising advanced rhizospheric management practices. These substances trigger various molecular processes in plant cells, and can strengthen the plant's tolerance to various kinds of abiotic stresses. HS manifest their effects in cells through genetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications of signaling entities that trigger different molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes. Understanding of such fundamental mechanisms will provide a better perspective for defining the cues and signaling crosstalk of HS that mediate various metabolic and hormonal networks operating in plant systems. Various regulatory activities and distribution strategies of HS have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M. Rehman
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tasneem Akhtar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahget T. Hamooh
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Mujtaba
- Plant and Forest Biotechnology Umeå, Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ihsanullah Daur
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Al Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A. S. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Seung H. Yang
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Gyuhwa Chung,
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47
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Feng S, Yu H, Yu Y, Geng Y, Li D, Yang C, Lv Q, Lu L, Liu T, Li G, Yuan L. Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and TNF- α in Aqueous Humour of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8546423. [PMID: 29850610 PMCID: PMC5904804 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8546423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working age individuals in developed countries. However, the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DR is not completely understood. This is an observational clinical research enrolling 80 type II diabetic patients who had undergone cataract surgeries either with DR or without DR. All cases were further categorized by the proliferative stages of retinal neovascularization and by the lengths of diabetic history. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in aqueous humour were tested. Results in this study indicated that these cytokine levels were increased in DR patients and might have a synergistic effect on the pathogenesis of this disease. They were also elevated along with the progression of neovascularization, reflecting the severity of DR. The results also suggested that for diabetic patients, the higher these levels are, the sooner retinal complications might appear. In conclusion, the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and TNF-α in aqueous humour may be associated with the pathogenesis, severity, and prognosis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfu Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Dongli Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Gejiu People's Hospital, Gejiu 661000, China
| | - Qingjun Lv
- Gejiu People's Hospital, Gejiu 661000, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Guodong Li
- The Second People's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
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Crooke A, Huete-Toral F, Colligris B, Pintor J. The role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28658514 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The eye is continuously exposed to solar UV radiation and pollutants, making it prone to oxidative attacks. In fact, oxidative damage is a major cause of age-related ocular diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. As the nature of lens cells, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and photoreceptors is postmitotic, autophagy plays a critical role in their cellular homeostasis. In age-related ocular diseases, this process is impaired, and thus, oxidative damage becomes irreversible. Other conditions such as low-grade chronic inflammation and angiogenesis also contribute to the development of retinal diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy). As melatonin is known to have remarkable qualities such as antioxidant/antinitridergic, mitochondrial protector, autophagy modulator, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic, it can represent a powerful tool to counteract all these diseases. The present review analyzes the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases, focusing on nitro-oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Basilio Colligris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Establishment of human retinal mitoscriptome gene expression signature for diabetic retinopathy using cadaver eyes. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:150-181. [PMID: 28729194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness due to retinal microvasculature. We used microarray analysis for the first time to establish the retinal mitoscriptome gene expression signature for DR using human cadaver eyes. Among the 1042 genes, 60 (52-down, 8-up) and 39 (36-down, 3-up) genes were differentially expressed in the DR as compared to normal control and diabetic retinas respectively. These genes were mainly responsible for regulating angiogenesis, anti-oxidant defense mechanism, ATP production and apoptosis contributing to the disease pathology of DR. These findings might be useful for the discovery of biomarker and developing therapeutic regimen.
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50
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Kowluru RA. Diabetic retinopathy, metabolic memory and epigenetic modifications. Vision Res 2017; 139:30-38. [PMID: 28700951 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy, a sight-threatening disease, remains one of the most feared complications of diabetes. Although hyperglycemia is the main initiator, progression of diabetic retinopathy continues even after re-institution of normal glycemic control in diabetic patients, and the deleterious effects of prior hyperglycemic insult depend on the duration and the severity of this insult, suggesting a 'metabolic memory' phenomenon. Metabolic memory phenomenon is successfully duplicated in the experimental models of diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia, in addition to initiating many other biochemical and functional abnormalities and altering expression of genes associated with them, also increases oxidative stress. Increased production of cytosolic reactive oxygen species dysfunctions the mitochondria, and a compromised antioxidant defense system becomes overwhelmed to neutralize free radicals. With the duration of diabetes extending, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is also damaged, and transcription of mtDNA-encoded genes, important for function of the electron transport chain, is compromised. This fuels into a 'self-propagating' vicious cycle of free radicals, and retinopathy continues to progress. Hyperglycemic insult also affects the enzymatic machinery responsible for epigenetic modifications; these modifications alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence. Histones and/or DNA modifications of many enzymes, important in mitochondrial homeostasis, affect their activities and disturb mitochondrial homeostasis. Experimental models have shown that these epigenetic modifications have potential to halt only if normal glycemia is maintained from the day of induction of diabetes (streptozotocin) in rats, but if hyperglycemia is allowed to proceed even for couple months before initiation of normal glycemia, these epigenetic modification resist reversal. Supplementation of a therapy targeted to prevent increased oxidative stress or epigenetic modifications, during the normal glucose phase, which has followed high glucose insult, however, helps ameliorate these abnormalities and prevents the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, without undermining the importance of tight glycemic control for a diabetic patient, supplementation of their 'best possible' glycemic control with such targeted therapies has potential to retard further progression of this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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