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Yang Y, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Early-Stage Moderate Alcohol Feeding Dysregulates Insulin-Related Metabolic Hormone Expression in the Brain: Potential Links to Neurodegeneration Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1211-1228. [PMID: 39247872 PMCID: PMC11380283 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most prevalent causes of dementia, is mainly sporadic in occurrence but driven by aging and other cofactors. Studies suggest that excessive alcohol consumption may increase AD risk. Objective Our study examined the degree to which short-term moderate ethanol exposure leads to molecular pathological changes of AD-type neurodegeneration. Methods Long Evans male and female rats were fed for 2 weeks with isocaloric liquid diets containing 24% or 0% caloric ethanol (n = 8/group). The frontal lobes were used to measure immunoreactivity to AD biomarkers, insulin-related endocrine metabolic molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines by duplex or multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results Ethanol significantly increased frontal lobe levels of phospho-tau, but reduced Aβ, ghrelin, glucagon, leptin, PAI, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Conclusions Short-term effects of chronic ethanol feeding produced neuroendocrine molecular pathologic changes reflective of metabolic dysregulation, together with abnormalities that likely contribute to impairments in neuroplasticity. The findings suggest that chronic alcohol consumption rapidly establishes a platform for impairments in energy metabolism that occur in both the early stages of AD and alcohol-related brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, the Providence VA Medical Center, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Estrella LD, Manganaro JE, Sheldon L, Roland N, Snyder AD, George JW, Emanuel K, Lamberty BG, Stauch KL. Chronic glial activation and behavioral alterations induced by acute/subacute pioglitazone treatment in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 123:64-80. [PMID: 39242055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disabling neurotraumatic condition and the leading cause of injury-related deaths and disability in the United States. Attenuation of neuroinflammation early after TBI is considered an important treatment target; however, while these inflammatory responses can induce secondary brain injury, they are also involved in the repair of the nervous system. Pioglitazone, which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, has been shown to decrease inflammation acutely after TBI, but the long-term consequences of its use remain unknown. For this reason, the impacts of treatment with pioglitazone during the acute/subacute phase (30 min after injury and each subsequent 24 h for 5 days) after TBI were interrogated during the chronic phase (30- and 274-days post-injury (DPI)) in mice using the controlled cortical impact model of experimental TBI. Acute/subacute pioglitazone treatment after TBI results in long-term deleterious consequences, including disruption of tau homeostasis, chronic glial cell activation, neuronal pathology, and worsened injury severity particularly at 274 DPI, with male mice being more susceptible than female mice. Further, male pioglitazone-treated TBI mice exhibited increased dominant and offensive-like behavior while having a decreased non-social exploring behavior at 274 DPI. After TBI, both sexes exhibited glial activation at 30 DPI when treated with pioglitazone; however, while injury severity was increased in females it was not impacted in male mice. This work reveals that although pioglitazone has been shown to lead to attenuated TBI outcomes acutely, sex-based differences, timing and long-term consequences of treatment with glitazones must be considered and further studied prior to their clinical use for TBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Daniel Estrella
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jane E Manganaro
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lexi Sheldon
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nashanthea Roland
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Austin D Snyder
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joseph W George
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katy Emanuel
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin G Lamberty
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelly L Stauch
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Riberas-Sánchez A, Puig-Parnau I, Vila-Solés L, Garcia-Brito S, Aldavert-Vera L, Segura-Torres P, Huguet G, Kádár E. Intracranial self-stimulation reverses impaired spatial learning and regulates serum microRNA levels in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer disease. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E96-E108. [PMID: 38490646 PMCID: PMC10950362 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic alternative for treating Alzheimer disease (AD) is ongoing. We aimed to determine the effects of intracranial self-stimulation at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB-ICSS) on spatial memory, neurodegeneration, and serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a rat model of sporadic AD created by injection of streptozotocin. We hypothesized that MFB-ICSS would reverse the behavioural effects of streptozotocin and modulate hippocampal neuronal density and serum levels of the miRNAs. METHODS We performed Morris water maze and light-dark transition tests. Levels of various proteins, specifically amyloid-β precurser protein (APP), phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and neurodegeneration were analyzed by Western blot and Nissl staining, respectively. Serum miRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Male rats that received streptozotocin had increased hippocampal levels of pTAU S202/T205, APP, and SIRT1 proteins; increased neurodegeneration in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), and dorsal tenia tecta; and worse performance in the Morris water maze task. No differences were observed in miRNAs, except for miR-181c and miR-let-7b. After MFB-ICSS, neuronal density in the CA1 and DG regions and levels of miR-181c in streptozotocin-treated and control rats were similar. Rats that received streptozotocin and underwent MFB-ICSS also showed lower levels of miR-let-7b and better spatial learning than rats that received streptozotocin without MFB-ICSS. LIMITATIONS The reversal by MFB-ICSS of deficits induced by streptozotocin was fairly modest. CONCLUSION Spatial memory performance, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and serum levels of miR-let-7b and miR-181c were affected by MFB-ICSS under AD-like conditions. Our results validate the MFB as a potential target for DBS and lend support to the use of specific miRNAs as promising biomarkers of the effectiveness of DBS in combatting AD-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Riberas-Sánchez
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Irene Puig-Parnau
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Laia Vila-Solés
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Soleil Garcia-Brito
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Laura Aldavert-Vera
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Pilar Segura-Torres
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Gemma Huguet
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain (Riberas-Sánchez, Puig-Parnau, Huguet, Kádár); and the Psychobiology Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Vila-Solés, García-Brito, Aldavert-Vera, Segura-Torres)
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Cummings JL, Osse AML, Kinney JW. Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Targets and Investigational Drugs for Disease Modification. Drugs 2023; 83:1387-1408. [PMID: 37728864 PMCID: PMC10582128 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel agents addressing non-amyloid, non-tau targets in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) comprise 70% of the AD drug development pipeline of agents currently in clinical trials. Most of the target processes identified in the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) are represented by novel agents in trials. Inflammation and synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection are the CADRO categories with the largest number of novel candidate therapies. Within these categories, there are few overlapping targets among the test agents. Additional categories being evaluated include apolipoprotein E [Formula: see text] 4 (APOE4) effects, lipids and lipoprotein receptors, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, bioenergetics and metabolism, vascular factors, cell death, growth factors and hormones, circadian rhythm, and epigenetic regulators. We highlight current drugs being tested within these categories and their mechanisms. Trials will be informative regarding which targets can be modulated to produce a slowing of clinical decline. Possible therapeutic combinations of agents may be suggested by trial outcomes. Biomarkers are evolving in concert with new targets and novel agents, and biomarker outcomes offer a means of supporting disease modification by the putative treatment. Identification of novel targets and development of corresponding therapeutics offer an important means of advancing new treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- , 1380 Opal Valley Street, Henderson, Nevada, 89052, USA.
| | - Amanda M Leisgang Osse
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Rahman SO, Khan T, Iqubal A, Agarwal S, Akhtar M, Parvez S, Shah ZA, Najmi AK. Association between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease: A molecular landscape. Life Sci 2023:121899. [PMID: 37394097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a well-known hormone, has been implicated as a regulator of blood glucose levels for almost a century now. Over the past few decades, the non-glycemic actions of insulin i.e. neuronal growth and proliferation have been extensively studied. In 2005, Dr. Suzanne de La Monte and her team reported that insulin might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus coined a term "Type-3 diabetes" This hypothesis was supported by several subsequent studies. The nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers a cascade of events under the regulation of distinct mechanisms including protein stability, phosphorylation and nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling, finally leading to the protection against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 pathway has been investigated extensively in relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD. Many studies have indicated a strong correlation between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathways both in the periphery and the brainbut merely few of them have focused on elucidating their inter-connective role in AD. The present review emphasizes key molecular pathways that correlate the role of insulin with Nrf2 during AD. The review has also identified key unexplored areas that could be investigated in future to further establish the insulin and Nrf2 influence in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tahira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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de la Monte SM. Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes). J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1301-1337. [PMID: 37718817 PMCID: PMC10896181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain aging corresponds to accelerated age-related declines in brain functions eventually derailing the self-sustaining forces that govern independent vitality. Malignant brain aging establishes the path toward dementing neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The full spectrum of AD includes progressive dysfunction of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and the microvascular systems, and is mechanistically driven by insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) deficiencies and resistances with accompanying deficits in energy balance, increased cellular stress, inflammation, and impaired perfusion, mimicking the core features of diabetes mellitus. The underlying pathophysiological derangements result in mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal protein aggregation, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, aberrant autophagy, and abnormal post-translational modification of proteins, all of which are signature features of both AD and dysregulated insulin/IGF-1-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This article connects the dots from benign to malignant aging to neurodegeneration by reviewing the salient pathologies associated with initially adaptive and later dysfunctional mTOR signaling in the brain. Effective therapeutic and preventive measures must be two-pronged and designed to 1) address complex and shifting impairments in mTOR signaling through the re-purpose of effective anti-diabetes therapeutics that target the brain, and 2) minimize the impact of extrinsic mediators of benign to malignant aging transitions, e.g., inflammatory states, obesity, systemic insulin resistance diseases, and repeated bouts of general anesthesia, by minimizing exposures or implementing neuroprotective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Oh E, Kang JH, Jo KW, Shin WS, Jeong YH, Kang B, Rho TY, Jeon SY, Lee J, Song IS, Kim KT. Synthetic PPAR Agonist DTMB Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Inhibition of Chronic Microglial Inflammation in 5xFAD Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1546-1565. [PMID: 35917087 PMCID: PMC9606171 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal productions of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and chronic neuroinflammation are commonly observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and both of which induce neuronal cell death, loss of memory, and cognitive dysfunction. However, many of the drugs targeting the production of Aβ peptides have been unsuccessful in treating Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we identified synthetic novel peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR) agonist, DTMB, which can ameliorate the chronic inflammation and Aβ pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease. We discovered that DTMB attenuated the proinflammatory cytokine production of microglia by reducing the protein level of NF-κB. DTMB also improved the learning and memory defects and reduced the amount of Aβ plaque in the brain of 5xFAD mice. This reduction in Aβ pathology was attributed to the changes in gliosis and chronic inflammation level. Additionally, bulk RNA-sequencing showed that genes related to inflammation and cognitive function were changed in the hippocampus and cortex of DTMB-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that DTMB has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Jo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghee Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Rho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
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Jingxuan L, Litian M, Yanyang T, Jianfang F. Knockdown of CLC-3 may improve cognitive impairment caused by diabetic encephalopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109970. [PMID: 35792204 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic encephalopathy(DE) is a neurological complication of diabetes, and its pathogenesis is unclear. Current studies indicate that insulin receptors and downstream signaling pathways play a key role in the occurrence and development of DE. Additionally, CLC-3, a member of the CLC family of anion channels and transporters, is closely related to the secretion and processing of insulin. Here, we investigated the changes and putative roles of CLC-3 in diabetic encephalopathy. RESULTS To this aim, we combined lentivirus and adeno-associated virus gene transfer to change the expression level of CLC-3 in the HT-22 hippocampal cell line and hippocampal CA1. We studied the role of CLC-3 in DE through the Morris water maze test.CLC-3 expression increased significantly in HT-22 cells cultured with high glucose and STZ-induced DE model hippocampus. Moreover, Insulin receptor(IR) and downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways were also dysfunctional. After knocking down CLC-3, impaired cell proliferation, apoptosis, IR and the downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways were significantly improved. However, when CLC-3 was overexpressed, the neurotoxicity induced by high glucose was further aggravated. Rescue experiments found that through the use of inhibitors such as GSK3β, the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways pathway changes with the use of inhibition, and the expression of related downstream signaling molecules such as Tau and p-Tau also changes accordingly. Using adeno-associated virus gene transfer to knock down CLC-3 in the hippocampal CA1 of the DE model, the IR caused by DE and the dysfunction of the downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway were significantly improved. In addition, the impaired spatial recognition of DE was partially restored. CONCLUSION Our study proposes that CLC-3, as a key molecule, may regulate insulin receptor signaling and downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways and affect the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Jingxuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ma Litian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Tu Yanyang
- The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fu Jianfang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Tong M, Ziplow JL, Mark P, de la Monte SM. Dietary Soy Prevents Alcohol-Mediated Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Associated Impairments in Brain Insulin Pathway Signaling in an Adolescent Rat Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:676. [PMID: 35625605 PMCID: PMC9139005 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related brain degeneration is linked to cognitive-motor deficits and impaired signaling through insulin/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1)-Akt pathways that regulate cell survival, plasticity, metabolism, and homeostasis. In addition, ethanol inhibits Aspartyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), a downstream target of insulin/IGF-1-Akt signaling and an activator of Notch networks. Previous studies have suggested that early treatment with insulin sensitizers or dietary soy could reduce or prevent the long-term adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the effects of substituting soy isolate for casein to prevent or reduce ethanol's adverse effects on brain structure and function. METHODS Young adolescent male and female Long Evans were used in a 4-way model as follows: Control + Casein; Ethanol + Casein; Control + Soy; Ethanol + Soy; Control = 0% ethanol; Ethanol = 26% ethanol (caloric). Rats were fed isocaloric diets from 4 to 11 weeks of age. During the final experimental week, the Morris Water maze test was used to assess spatial learning (4 consecutive days), after which the brains were harvested to measure the temporal lobe expression of the total phospho-Akt pathway and downstream target proteins using multiplex bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and duplex ELISAs. RESULTS Ethanol inhibited spatial learning and reduced brain weight, insulin signaling through Akt, and the expression of ASPH when standard casein was provided as the protein source. The substitution of soy isolate for casein largely abrogated the adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. In contrast, Notch signaling protein expression was minimally altered by ethanol or soy isolate. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that the insulin sensitizer properties of soy isolate may prevent some of the adverse effects that chronic ethanol exposure has on neurobehavioral function and insulin-regulated metabolic pathways in adolescent brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Jason L. Ziplow
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Princess Mark
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02808, USA
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Michailidis M, Tata DA, Moraitou D, Kavvadas D, Karachrysafi S, Papamitsou T, Vareltzis P, Papaliagkas V. Antidiabetic Drugs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4641. [PMID: 35563031 PMCID: PMC9102472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The public health burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is steadily increasing worldwide, especially in the population of older adults. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a possible shared pathophysiology between the two diseases and an increased risk of AD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a substantial interest in identifying the mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs and their potential use in Alzheimer's disease. Human studies in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease have shown that administration of some antidiabetic medications, such as intranasal insulin, metformin, incretins, and thiazolidinediones, can improve cognition and memory. This review aims to examine the latest evidence on antidiabetic medications as a potential candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Despina A. Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.A.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.A.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Kavvadas
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Sofia Karachrysafi
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (S.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Patroklos Vareltzis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Durai P, Beeraka NM, Ramachandrappa HVP, Krishnan P, Gudur P, Raghavendra NM, Ravanappa PKB. Advances in PPARs Molecular Dynamics and Glitazones as a Repurposing Therapeutic Strategy through Mitochondrial Redox Dynamics against Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:893-915. [PMID: 34751120 PMCID: PMC9881103 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211109141330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activity has significant implications for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against neurodegenerative diseases. Although PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ nuclear receptor expressions are significantly reported in the brain, their implications in brain physiology and other neurodegenerative diseases still require extensive studies. PPAR signaling can modulate various cell signaling mechanisms involved in the cells contributing to on- and off-target actions selectively to promote therapeutic effects as well as the adverse effects of PPAR ligands. Both natural and synthetic ligands for the PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ have been reported. PPARα (WY 14.643) and PPARγ agonists can confer neuroprotection by modulating mitochondrial dynamics through the redox system. The pharmacological effect of these agonists may deliver effective clinical responses by protecting vulnerable neurons from Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, the current review delineated the ligands' interaction with 3D-PPARs to modulate neuroprotection, and also deciphered the efficacy of numerous drugs, viz. Aβ aggregation inhibitors, vaccines, and γ-secretase inhibitors against AD; this review elucidated the role of PPAR and their receptor isoforms in neural systems, and neurodegeneration in human beings. Further, we have substantially discussed the efficacy of PPREs as potent transcription factors in the brain, and the role of PPAR agonists in neurotransmission, PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial dynamics in neuroprotection during AD conditions. This review concludes with the statement that the development of novel PPARs agonists may benefit patients with neurodegeneration, mainly AD patients, which may help mitigate the pathophysiology of dementia, subsequently improving overall the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Durai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India;,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Hemanth Vikram Poola Ramachandrappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pranesh Gudur
- Swamy Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Deemed University, Bengaluru 560 105, India
| | | | - Prashantha Kumar Bommenahally Ravanappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India;,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India; E-mail:
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12
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Wittfeld K, Raman MR, Conner SC, Aslam A, Teumer A, Nauck M, Hosten N, Habes M, DeCarli C, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Himali JJ, Seshadri S, Grabe HJ, Satizabal CL. Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Inflammation, and MRI Markers of Alzheimer's Disease in Predominantly Middle-Aged Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:311-322. [PMID: 35599493 PMCID: PMC9472289 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, and further evidence suggests inflammation can be a moderator of this association. However, most research to date has been conducted on older adults. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of serum IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations with MRI markers of Alzheimer's disease in predominantly middle-aged adults, and further assess moderation by chronic inflammation. METHODS We included participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,852, mean age 46±8, 46% men) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (n = 674, mean age 50±13, 42% men) with available serum IGF-1, IFGBP-3, as well as brain MRI. IGF-1 and IFGBP-3 were related to MRI outcomes (i.e., total brain, cortical gray matter, white matter, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and hippocampal volumes) using multivariable regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also performed. Cohort-specific summary statistics were meta-analyzed using random-effects models and corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Meta-analysis results revealed that higher IGF-1 concentrations were associated with lower WMH (estimate [β] [95% CI], -0.05 [-0.09, -0.02], p = 0.006) and larger hippocampal volumes (0.07 [0.02, 0.12], p = 0.01), independent of vascular risk factors. These associations occurred predominantly in individuals with CRP concentrations < 75th percentile. We did not observe associations between IGFBP-3 and MRI outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IGF-1-related signaling may be implicated in brain health as early as midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mekala R Raman
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Conner
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asra Aslam
- Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Liang YY, Zhang LD, Luo X, Wu LL, Chen ZW, Wei GH, Zhang KQ, Du ZA, Li RZ, So KF, Li A. All roads lead to Rome - a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1210-1227. [PMID: 34782555 PMCID: PMC8643060 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.325012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan, leading to considerable economic and social burdens. Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective, impractical, and expensive. Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise (called “exerkines”) help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition, emotion, and psychomotor coordination. Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well. This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise. The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages, genders, and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Hao Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-An Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ren-Zhi Li
- International Department of the Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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14
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Ribeiro R, Santos AC, Calazans MO, De Oliveira ACP, Vieira LB. Is resveratrol a prospective therapeutic strategy in the co-association of glucose metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2442-2457. [PMID: 34514962 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1972514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism behind the progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. However some evidence pointed out that the co-occurrence of metabolic conditions affecting glucose homeostasis, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may be an important catalyst in this context. Notably, candidate drugs which modulate common pathways in the development of MCI-to-AD mediated by T2DM may offer likely therapy for AD. Nonetheless, limited pharmacological alternatives that modulate common pathways in T2DM, MCI, and AD are available. In the recent decades, studies have shown that resveratrol may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving cognitive and metabolic aspects associated with AD progression mediated by the co-association between TDM2-MCI.Methods: In this review, we discuss possible protective mechanisms of resveratrol on shared pathways associated with AD progression mediated by T2DM-MCI co-occurrence.Results: Some studies indicated that insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may be also a T2DM risk factor for the progression of MCI-to-AD, promoting alterations in metabolic pathways associated with neuronal plasticity, and increasing pro-inflammatory environment. Interestingly, basic research and clinical trials indicate that resveratrol may modulate those pathways, showing a potential neuroprotective effect of this polyphenol.Conclusion: Therefore, there is not enough clinical data supporting the translational therapeutic use of resveratrol in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M O Calazans
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C P De Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L B Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Zarini-Gakiye E, Amini J, Sanadgol N, Vaezi G, Parivar K. Recent Updates in the Alzheimer's Disease Etiopathology and Possible Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review of Current Clinical Trials. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:273-294. [PMID: 32321414 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200422090135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent subtype of incurable neurodegenerative dementias and its etiopathology is still not clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVE Outline the ongoing clinical trials (CTs) in the field of AD, in order to find novel master regulators. METHODS We strictly reviewed all scientific reports from Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases from January 2010 to January 2019. The search terms were "Alzheimer's disease" or "dementia" and "medicine" or "drug" or "treatment" and "clinical trials" and "interventions". Manuscripts that met the objective of this study were included for further evaluations. RESULTS Drug candidates have been categorized into two main groups including antibodies, peptides or hormones (such as Ponezumab, Interferon β-1a, Solanezumab, Filgrastim, Levemir, Apidra, and Estrogen), and naturally-derived ingredients or small molecules (such as Paracetamol, Ginkgo, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazo, and Ritalin-SR). The majority of natural candidates acted as anti-inflammatory or/and anti-oxidant and antibodies exert their actions via increasing amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance or decreasing Tau aggregation. Among small molecules, most of them that are present in the last phases act as specific antagonists (Suvorexant, Idalopirdine, Intepirdine, Trazodone, Carvedilol, and Risperidone) or agonists (Dextromethorphan, Resveratrol, Brexpiprazole) and frequently ameliorate cognitive dysfunctions. CONCLUSION The presences of a small number of candidates in the last phase suggest that a large number of candidates have had an undesirable side effect or were unable to pass essential eligibility for future phases. Among successful treatment approaches, clearance of Aβ, recovery of cognitive deficits, and control of acute neuroinflammation are widely chosen. It is predicted that some FDA-approved drugs, such as Paracetamol, Risperidone, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazoand, and Ritalin-SR, could also be used in off-label ways for AD. This review improves our ability to recognize novel treatments for AD and suggests approaches for the clinical trial design for this devastating disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Zarini-Gakiye
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Amini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Querfurth H, Lee HK. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:44. [PMID: 34215308 PMCID: PMC8252260 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR has important homeostatic functions to regulate energy metabolism and support neuronal growth and plasticity. However, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mTOR alternately plays important pathogenic roles by inhibiting both insulin signaling and autophagic removal of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-tau (ptau) aggregates. It also plays a role in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of AD. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase residing at the core in either of two multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Recent data suggest that their balanced actions also have implications for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Beyond rapamycin; an mTOR inhibitor, there are rapalogs having greater tolerability and micro delivery modes, that hold promise in arresting these age dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Zhang WD, Li N, Du ZR, Zhang M, Chen S, Chen WF. IGF-1 receptor is involved in the regulatory effects of icariin and icaritin in astrocytes under basal conditions and after an inflammatory challenge. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174269. [PMID: 34147477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Icariin and icaritin, the major active components of Epimedii Genus, are considered as promising drugs with anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that icariin and icaritin can protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 receptor) signaling. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of IGF-1 receptor signaling in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of icariin and icaritin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation as well as their biological regulation effects in midbrain primary astrocytes. Our results showed that both icariin and icaritin significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Pre-treatment with IGF-1 receptor antagonist JB-1 could significantly block the anti-inflammatory effects of icariin and icaritin on LPS-induced up-regulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Under basal conditions of astrocytes, icariin and icaritin treatment alone increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT, which could be blocked by JB-1. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of glutamate transptor-1 (GLT-1) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) could be up-regulated by icariin and icaritin in a time-dependent manner via IGF-1 receptor. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that both icariin and icaritin exert regulatory effects in astrocytes under basal conditions and after an inflammatory challenge via IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Di Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Mortada I, Farah R, Nabha S, Ojcius DM, Fares Y, Almawi WY, Sadier NS. Immunotherapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654739. [PMID: 34163421 PMCID: PMC8215715 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic without affecting the underlying cause of disease. Emerging evidence supports a potential role for immunotherapy in the management of disease progression. Numerous reports raise the exciting prospect that either the immune system or its derivative components could be harnessed to fight the misfolded and aggregated proteins that accumulate in several neurodegenerative diseases. Passive and active vaccinations using monoclonal antibodies and specific antigens that induce adaptive immune responses are currently under evaluation for their potential use in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to shed light on prominent immunotherapeutic strategies being developed to fight neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration, with a focus on innovative immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mortada
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Chamberlain S, Gabriel H, Strittmatter W, Didsbury J. An Exploratory Phase IIa Study of the PPAR delta/gamma Agonist T3D-959 Assessing Metabolic and Cognitive Function in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1085-1103. [PMID: 31884472 PMCID: PMC7081093 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: T3D-959 is a chemically unique, brain penetrant, dual PPAR delta/gamma agonist with 15-fold higher PPAR delta selectivity. Ubiquitous brain expression of PPAR delta, its critical role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and the Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like phenotype of PPAR delta null mice motivated this study. Objective: To determine safety and tolerability of multiple doses of T3D-959 in subjects with mild to moderate AD, examine systemic and central drug pharmacology and in an exploratory manner, perform cognitive assessments. Methods: Thirty-four subjects with mild-to-moderate AD were orally administered 3, 10, 30, or 90 mg of T3D-959 daily for 14 days. There was no inclusion of a placebo arm. Safety and tolerability were monitored. Systemic drug pharmacology was examined via plasma metabolomics LC-MS-MS analysis, cerebral drug pharmacology via FDG-PET measures of changes in Relative CMRgl (R CMRgl, AD-effected regions relative to brain reference regions), and cognitive function assessed before and after drug treatment and again one week after completion of drug treatment, by ADAS-cog11 and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results: T3D-959 was in general safe and well tolerated. Single point pharmacokinetics at the Tmax showed dose dependent exposure. Plasma metabolome profile changes showed dose-dependent systemic effects on lipid metabolism and metabolism related to insulin sensitization. Relative FDG-PET imaging demonstrated dose-dependent, regional, effects of T3D-959 on R CMRgl based on the use of multiple reference regions. ADAS-cog11 and DSST cognitive assessments showed improvements with possible ApoE genotype association and pharmacodynamics related to the mechanism of drug action. Conclusions: Exploratory data from this Phase IIa clinical trial supports further clinical investigation of T3D-959 in a larger placebo-controlled clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda Gabriel
- T3D Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - John Didsbury
- T3D Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Flores-Cuadra JA, Madrid A, Fernández PL, Pérez-Lao AR, Oviedo DC, Britton GB, Carreira MB. Critical Review of the Alzheimer's Disease Non-Transgenic Models: Can They Contribute to Disease Treatment? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S227-S250. [PMID: 33216029 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing neurodegenerative disease without effective treatments or therapies. Despite the use of different approaches and an extensive variety of genetic amyloid based models, therapeutic strategies remain elusive. AD is characterized by three main pathological hallmarks that include amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammatory processes; however, many other pathological mechanisms have been described in the literature. Nonetheless, the study of the disease and the screening of potential therapies is heavily weighted toward the study of amyloid-β transgenic models. Non-transgenic models may aid in the study of complex pathological states and provide a suitable complementary alternative to evaluating therapeutic biomedical and intervention strategies. In this review, we evaluate the literature on non-transgenic alternatives, focusing on the use of these models for testing therapeutic strategies, and assess their contribution to understanding AD. This review aims to underscore the need for a shift in preclinical research on intervention strategies for AD from amyloid-based to alternative, complementary non-amyloid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Flores-Cuadra
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Alanna Madrid
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Patricia L Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Ambar R Pérez-Lao
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Diana C Oviedo
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá.,Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua (USMA), Panamá
| | - Gabrielle B Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Maria B Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
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Robbins J, Busquets O, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: Co-Factor Role of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:479-493. [PMID: 33344887 PMCID: PMC7739986 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain insulin resistance and deficiency are well-recognized abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and likely mediators of impaired energy metabolism. Since apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major risk factor for late-onset AD, it was of interest to examine its potential contribution to altered insulin-linked signaling networks in the brain. OBJECTIVE The main goal was to evaluate the independent and interactive contributions of AD severity and APOE ɛ4 dose on brain expression of insulin-related polypeptides and inflammatory mediators of metabolic dysfunction. METHODS Postmortem fresh frozen frontal lobe tissue from banked cases with known APOE genotypes and different AD Braak stages were used to measure insulin network polypeptide immunoreactivity with a commercial multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant AD Braak stage and APOE genotype-related abnormalities in insulin, C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucaton-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, glucagon, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected. The main factors inhibiting polypeptide expression and promoting neuro-inflammatory responses included AD Braak stage and APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 rather than ɛ3/ɛ4. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an expanded role for impaired expression of insulin-related network polypeptides as well as neuroinflammatory mediators of brain insulin resistance in AD pathogenesis and progression. In addition, the findings show that APOE has independent and additive effects on these aberrations in brain polypeptide expression, but the impact is decidedly greater for APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 than ɛ3/ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robbins
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ming Tong
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Providence VA Medical Center, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Suzanne M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Tel.: +1 401 444 7364; Fax: +1 401 444 2939; E-mail:
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Strosznajder AK, Wójtowicz S, Jeżyna MJ, Sun GY, Strosznajder JB. Recent Insights on the Role of PPAR-β/δ in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, and Its Potential Target for Therapy. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:86-98. [PMID: 33210212 PMCID: PMC7929960 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ belongs to the family of hormone and lipid-activated nuclear receptors, which are involved in metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Similar to PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, PPAR-β/δ also acts as a transcription factor activated by dietary lipids and endogenous ligands, such as long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and selected lipid metabolic products, such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Together with other PPARs, PPAR-β/δ displays transcriptional activity through interaction with retinoid X receptor (RXR). In general, PPARs have been shown to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and development and significantly modulate glucose, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. PPAR-β/δ appears to play a special role in inflammatory processes and due to its proangiogenic and anti-/pro-carcinogenic properties, this receptor has been considered as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, carcinogenesis, and diabetes. Until now, most studies were carried out in the peripheral organs, and despite of its presence in brain cells and in different brain regions, its role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. This review is intended to describe recent insights on the impact of PPAR-β/δ and its novel agonists on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic injury. An important goal is to obtain new insights to better understand the dietary and pharmacological regulations of PPAR-β/δ and to find promising therapeutic strategies that could mitigate these neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Strosznajder
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wójtowicz
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko J Jeżyna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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23
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Martin B, Maudsley S. High-dimensionality Data Analysis of Pharmacological Systems Associated with Complex Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:191-217. [PMID: 31843941 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that molecular reductionist views of highly complex human physiologic activity, e.g., the aging process, as well as therapeutic drug efficacy are largely oversimplifications. Currently some of the most effective appreciation of biologic disease and drug response complexity is achieved using high-dimensionality (H-D) data streams from transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, or epigenomic pipelines. Multiple H-D data sets are now common and freely accessible for complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Over the last decade our ability to interrogate these high-dimensionality data streams has been profoundly enhanced through the development and implementation of highly effective bioinformatic platforms. Employing these computational approaches to understand the complexity of age-related diseases provides a facile mechanism to then synergize this pathologic appreciation with a similar level of understanding of therapeutic-mediated signaling. For informative pathology and drug-based analytics that are able to generate meaningful therapeutic insight across diverse data streams, novel informatics processes such as latent semantic indexing and topological data analyses will likely be important. Elucidation of H-D molecular disease signatures from diverse data streams will likely generate and refine new therapeutic strategies that will be designed with a cognizance of a realistic appreciation of the complexity of human age-related disease and drug effects. We contend that informatic platforms should be synergistic with more advanced chemical/drug and phenotypic cellular/tissue-based analytical predictive models to assist in either de novo drug prioritization or effective repurposing for the intervention of aging-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All diseases, as well as pharmacological mechanisms, are far more complex than previously thought a decade ago. With the advent of commonplace access to technologies that produce large volumes of high-dimensionality data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), it is now imperative that effective tools to appreciate this highly nuanced data are developed. Being able to appreciate the subtleties of high-dimensionality data will allow molecular pharmacologists to develop the most effective multidimensional therapeutics with effectively engineered efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Shafi S, Gupta P, Khatik GL, Gupta J. PPARγ: Potential Therapeutic Target for Ailments Beyond Diabetes and its Natural Agonism. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1281-1294. [PMID: 31131751 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190527115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense research interests have been observed in establishing PPAR gamma as a therapeutic target for diabetes. However, PPARγ is also emerging as an important therapeutic target for varied disease states other than type 2 diabetes like neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, spinal cord injury, asthma, and cardiovascular problems. Furthermore, glitazones, the synthetic thiazolidinediones, also known as insulin sensitizers, are the largely studied PPARγ agonists and the only ones approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, they are loaded with side effects like fluid retention, obesity, hepatic failure, bone fractures, and cardiac failure; which restrict their clinical application. Medicinal plants used traditionally are the sources of bioactive compounds to be used for the development of successful drugs and many structurally diverse natural molecules are already established as PPARγ agonists. These natural partial agonists when compared to full agonist synthetic thiazolidinediones led to weaker PPARγ activation with lesser side effects but are not thoroughly investigated. Their thorough characterization and elucidation of mechanistic activity might prove beneficial for counteracting diseases by modulating PPARγ activity through dietary changes. We aim to review the therapeutic significance of PPARγ for ailments other than diabetes and highlight natural molecules with potential PPARγ agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Shafi
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India.,Department of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India
| | - Gopal Lal Khatik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India
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25
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Söderbom G, Zeng BY. The NLRP3 inflammasome as a bridge between neuro-inflammation in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:345-391. [PMID: 32739011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence increasingly suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These diseases share many pathological processes, including oxidative stress, local inflammation/neuroinflammation and chronic, low-grade (systemic) inflammation, which are exacerbated by aging, a common risk factor for T2DM and NDDs. Here, we focus on the link between chronic inflammation driven by peripheral metabolic disease and how this may impact neurodegeneration in AD and PD. We review the relationship between these common pathological processes in AD and PD from the perspective of the "pro-inflammatory" signaling of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-, leucine-rich repeat- (LRR)-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Since the need for effective disease-modifying therapies in T2DM, AD and PD is significant, the relationship between these diseases is important as a positive clinical impact on one may benefit the others. We briefly consider how novel strategies may target neuro-inflammation and provide potential therapies for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bai-Yun Zeng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Sohrabi M, Floden AM, Manocha GD, Klug MG, Combs CK. IGF-1R Inhibitor Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:200. [PMID: 32719587 PMCID: PMC7348663 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) regulates general aging and lifespan. However, the contribution of IGF-1 to age-related AD pathology and progression is highly controversial. Based on our previous work, AβPP/PS1 double transgenic mice, which express human mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS-1), demonstrated a decrease in brain IGF-1 levels when they were crossed with IGF-1 deficient Ames dwarf mice (df/df). Subsequently, a reduction in gliosis, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition, and Aβ1-40/42 concentrations were observed in this mouse model. This supported the hypothesis that IGF-1 may contribute to the progression of the disease. To assess the role of IGF-1 in AD, 9-10-month-old male littermate control wild type and AβPP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into two treatment groups including control vehicle (DMSO) and picropodophyllin (PPP), a selective, competitive, and reversible IGF-1R inhibitor. The brain penetrant inhibitor was given ip. at 1 mg/kg/day. Mice were sacrificed after 7 days of daily injection and the brains, spleens, and livers were collected to quantify histologic and biochemical changes. The PPP-treated AβPP/PS1 mice demonstrated attenuated insoluble Aβ1-40/42. Additionally, an attenuation in microgliosis and protein p-tyrosine levels was observed due to drug treatment in the hippocampus. Our data suggest IGF-1R signaling is associated with disease progression in this mouse model. More importantly, modulation of the brain IGF-1R signaling pathway, even at mid-life, was enough to attenuate aspects of the disease phenotype. This suggests that small molecule therapy targeting the IGF-1R pathway may be viable for late-stage disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sohrabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Angela M Floden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Marilyn G Klug
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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27
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Sáez-Orellana F, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Alzheimer's Disease, a Lipid Story: Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2020; 9:E1215. [PMID: 32422896 PMCID: PMC7290654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production are responsible for inherited AD cases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed to explain the pathogeny. Despite the fact that Aβ is considered as the main culprit of the pathology, most clinical trials focusing on Aβ failed and suggested that earlier interventions are needed to influence the course of AD. Therefore, identifying risk factors that predispose to AD is crucial. Among them, the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene that encodes the major brain lipid carrier and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes were identified as AD risk factors, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism could influence the progression of the disease. Among lipids, fatty acids (FAs) play a fundamental role in proper brain function, including memory. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master metabolic regulator that regulates the catabolism of FA. Several studies report an essential role of PPARα in neuronal function governing synaptic plasticity and cognition. In this review, we explore the implication of lipid metabolism in AD, with a special focus on PPARα and its potential role in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Gehrke N, Schattenberg JM. Metabolic Inflammation-A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1929-1947.e6. [PMID: 32068022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global and growing health concern. Emerging evidence points toward metabolic inflammation as a key process in the fatty liver that contributes to multiorgan morbidity. Key extrahepatic comorbidities that are influenced by NAFLD are type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired neurocognitive function. Importantly, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis increase the risk for systemic comorbidity in NAFLD. Although the precise nature of the crosstalk between the liver and other organs has not yet been fully elucidated, there is emerging evidence that metabolic inflammation-in part, emanating from the fatty liver-is the engine that drives cellular dysfunction, cell death, and deleterious remodeling within various body tissues. This review describes several inflammatory pathways and mediators that have been implicated as links between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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29
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Winston CN, Goetzl EJ, Baker LD, Vitiello MV, Rissman RA. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Modulation of Neuronal Exosome Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:971-981. [PMID: 30372675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in cognition are linked to decreased expression of somatotropins, GHRH and IGF-1. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are heterogeneous conditions. The loss of GHRH signaling in the brain may be mechanistically involved in AD pathogenesis. The consequent need to identify AD at an early and perhaps more treatable stage has fueled research into blood-based, exosome biomarkers. Plasma exosomes from participants enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 20-week trial of GHRH administration, were isolated, precipitated, and enriched by immuno-absorption with anti-L1CAM antibody (neural adhesion protein) from adults with MCI and age-matched, cognitively normal controls (CNC). Extracted protein cargo from neuronally-derived exosomes (NDEs) were assessed by ELISAs for protein levels implicated in AD neuropathology and for synaptic proteins altered by AD. Plasma NDE concentrations of Aβ1-42 were significantly increased while plasma NDE concentrations of NRGN, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and synaptopodin were significantly decreased in patients with MCI, independent of GHRH treatment. Plasma NDE concentrations of ptau-S396 and GAP43 were not affected by cognitive status (CNC versus MCI) or by GHRH treatment. Aβ1-42, neurogranin (NRGN), synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and synaptopodin demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between CNC and MCI patients, while synaptophysin and synaptotagmin demonstrated moderate accuracy in distinguishing between placebo-treated and GHRH-treated, MCI patients.
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Kim B, Elzinga SE, Henn RE, McGinley LM, Feldman EL. The effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on amyloid precursor protein phosphorylation in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104541. [PMID: 31349033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing problem worldwide, and there are currently no effective treatments for this devastating disease. The neurotrophic growth factors insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are currently being investigated as potential therapeutic approaches for AD in preclinical and clinical studies. However, given that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes are risk factors for AD, it is unknown how associated insulin resistance (IR) in the brain may impact the effectiveness of these therapies for AD. In this report, we therefore investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of insulin and IGF-I on AD-associated pathology in the context of IR, with particular emphasis on phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key step in promoting amyloid plaque formation in AD. Both insulin and IGF-I decreased APP phosphorylation in cultured primary cortical neurons, supporting their therapeutic use in AD. Induction of IR blocked the beneficial effect of insulin and reduced the effect of IGF-I on APP dephosphorylation. These effects were mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, as inhibition of this pathway during IR restored the effect of IGF-I on APP dephosphorylation. Finally, we explored the translational relevance of these results in vivo by demonstrating that high fat diet fed mice, a robust model of IR and MetS, exhibited the expected increased brain APP phosphorylation. Overall, these data suggest that the beneficial therapeutic effect of insulin and IGF-I on APP phosphorylation is negatively impacted by IR, and suggest that insulin and IGF-I alone may not be appropriate therapies for AD patients with IR, MetS, or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States of America
| | - Rosemary E Henn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States of America
| | - Lisa M McGinley
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States of America
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States of America.
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Rorbach-Dolata A, Piwowar A. Neurometabolic Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis of Increased Incidence of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus in the 21st Century. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1435276. [PMID: 31428627 PMCID: PMC6679855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1435276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most recent evidence supports the existence of a link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), described by the new term: type 3 diabetes (T3D). The increasing incidence of T2DM in the 21st century and accompanying reports on the higher risk of AD in diabetic patients prompts the search for pathways linking glycemia disturbances and neurodegeneration. It is suggested that hyperglycemia may lead to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, a pathological process resulting from excessive depolarization of membrane and uncontrolled calcium ion influx into neuronal cells. On the other hand, it has been confirmed that peripheral insulin resistance triggers insulin resistance in the brain, which may consequently contribute to AD by amyloid beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and apoptosis. Some literature sources suggest significant amylin involvement in additional amyloid formation in the central nervous system, especially under hyperamylinemic conditions. It is particularly important to provide early diagnostics in people with metabolic disturbances, especially including fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, which are necessary to reveal insulin resistance. The present review reveals the most recent and important evidence associated with the phenomenon of T3D and discusses the potential lacks of prevention and diagnostics for diabetes which might result in neurometabolic disorders, from a pharmacotherapy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rorbach-Dolata
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Wands JR. The 20-Year Voyage Aboard the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: Docking at 'Type 3 Diabetes', Environmental/Exposure Factors, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Potential Treatments. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1381-1390. [PMID: 29562538 PMCID: PMC5870020 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (JAD), founded in 1998, played a pivotal role in broadening the field of research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by publishing a diverse range of clinical, pathological, molecular, biochemical, epidemiological, experimental, and review articles from its birth. This article recounts my own journey as an author who contributed articles to JAD over the 20 years of the journal’s existence. In retrospect, it seems remarkable that a considerable body of work that originated from our group marks a trail that began with studies of vascular, stress, and mitochondrial factors in AD pathogenesis, exploded into the concept of ‘Type 3 Diabetes’, and continued with the characterization of how environmental, exposure, and lifestyle factors promote neurodegeneration and which therapeutic strategies could reverse the neurodegeneration cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurosurgery, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurosurgery, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jack R Wands
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurosurgery, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Delikkaya B, Moriel N, Tong M, Gallucci G, de la Monte SM. Altered expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E-ε4-associated Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:392-404. [PMID: 31193223 PMCID: PMC6522644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as potential mediators of brain insulin deficiency and neurodegeneration in experimental and human Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Temporal lobes from Long Evans rats treated with intracerebral streptozotocin or vehicle and postmortem frontal lobes from humans with normal aging AD (Braak 0-2), moderate (Braak 3-4) AD, or advanced (Braak 5-6) AD were used to measure IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. RESULTS Intracerebral streptozotocin significantly increased IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. In humans with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 and AD, IDE was elevated at Braak 3-4, but at Braak 5-6, IDE expression was significantly reduced. RCAN1 mRNA was similarly reduced in ApoE ε4+ patients with moderate or severe AD, whereas RCAN1 protein declined with the severity of AD and ApoE ε4 dose. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that IDE and RCAN1 differentially modulate brain insulin signaling in relation to AD severity and ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Delikkaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +401-444-7364; Fax: +401-444-2939.
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Jęśko H, Stępień A, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder RP. The Cross-Talk Between Sphingolipids and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling: Significance for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3501-3521. [PMID: 30140974 PMCID: PMC6476865 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide, and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are increasingly implicated in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and in multiple aspects of stress response in the nervous system. The opposite roles of closely related sphingolipid species in cell survival/death signaling is reflected in the concept of tightly controlled sphingolipid rheostat. Aging has a complex influence on sphingolipid metabolism, disturbing signaling pathways and the properties of lipid membranes. A metabolic signature of stress resistance-associated sphingolipids correlates with longevity in humans. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests extensive links between sphingolipid signaling and the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-Akt-mTOR pathway (IIS), which is involved in the modulation of aging process and longevity. IIS integrates a wide array of metabolic signals, cross-talks with p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influences gene expression to shape the cellular metabolic profile and stress resistance. The multiple connections between sphingolipids and IIS signaling suggest possible engagement of these compounds in the aging process itself, which creates a vulnerable background for the majority of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawińskiego, 5, 02-106, Poland
| | - Adam Stępień
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Szaserów, 128, 04-141, Poland
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawińskiego, 5, 02-106, Poland.
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Daiello LA, Ott BR. Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with Simultaneous Systemic and Central Nervous System Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:657-668. [PMID: 30775986 PMCID: PMC10084886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain insulin resistance is a well-recognized abnormality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the likely mediator of impaired glucose utilization that emerges early and progresses with disease severity. Moreover, the rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD are significantly greater in people with diabetes mellitus or obesity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine whether systemic and central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistant disease states emerge together and thus may be integrally related. METHODS Insulin-related molecules were measured in paired human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 with MCI or early AD, and 21 controls using a multiplex ELISA platform. RESULTS In MCI/AD, both the CSF and serum samples had significantly elevated mean levels of C-peptide and an incretin, and reduced expression of Visfatin, whereas only CSF showed significant reductions in insulin and leptin and only serum had increased glucagon, PAI-1, and ghrelin. Although the overall CSF and serum responses reflected insulin resistance together with insulin deficiency, the specific alterations measured in CSF and serum were different. CONCLUSION In MCI and early-stage AD, CNS and systemic insulin-related metabolic dysfunctions, including insulin resistance, occur simultaneously, suggesting that they are integrally related and possibly mediated similar pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), Rhode Island Hospital, the Providence VA Medical Center, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A Daiello
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brian R Ott
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Liou CJ, Tong M, Vonsattel JP, de la Monte SM. Altered Brain Expression of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Another Degenerative Disease Linked to Dysregulation of Insulin Metabolic Pathways. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419839515. [PMID: 31081340 PMCID: PMC6535914 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419839515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the third most common dementing neurodegenerative disease with nearly 80% having no known etiology. OBJECTIVE Growing evidence that neurodegeneration can be linked to dysregulated metabolism prompted us to measure a panel of trophic factors, receptors, and molecules that modulate brain metabolic function in FTLD. METHODS Postmortem frontal (Brodmann's area [BA]8/9 and BA24) and temporal (BA38) lobe homogenates were used to measure immunoreactivity to Tau, phosphorylated tau (pTau), ubiquitin, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and its receptor (TGF-β1R), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, tropomyosin receptor kinase, and insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and their receptors by direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS FTLD brains had significantly elevated pTau, ubiquitin, TGF-β1, and HNE immunoreactivity relative to control. In addition, BDNF and neurotrophin-4 were respectively reduced in BA8/9 and BA38, while neurotrophin-3 and nerve growth factor were upregulated in BA38, and tropomyosin receptor kinase was elevated in BA24. Lastly, insulin and insulin receptor expressions were elevated in the frontal lobe, IGF-1 was increased in BA24, IGF-1R was upregulated in all three brain regions, and IGF-2 receptor was reduced in BA24 and BA38. CONCLUSIONS Aberrantly increased levels of pTau, ubiquitin, HNE, and TGF-β1, marking neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, overlap with altered expression of insulin/IGF signaling ligand and receptors in frontal and temporal lobe regions targeted by FTLD. Dysregulation of insulin-IGF signaling networks could account for brain hypometabolism and several characteristic neuropathologic features that characterize FTLD but overlap with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Dementia with Lewy Body Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J. Liou
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Departments of Pathology, Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jean P. Vonsattel
- New York Brain Bank, Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Departments of Pathology, Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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de la Monte SM. The Full Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease Is Rooted in Metabolic Derangements That Drive Type 3 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:45-83. [PMID: 31062325 PMCID: PMC9996398 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard practice in neuropathology is to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the distribution and abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits. However, other significant abnormalities including neuroinflammation, gliosis, white matter degeneration, non-Aβ microvascular disease, and insulin-related metabolic dysfunction require further study to understand how they could be targeted to more effectively remediate AD. This review addresses non-Aβ and non-pTau AD-associated pathologies, highlighting their major features, roles in neurodegeneration, and etiopathic links to deficits in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling and cognitive impairment. The discussion delineates why AD with its most characteristic clinical and pathological phenotypic profiles should be regarded as a brain form of diabetes, i.e., type 3 diabetes, and entertains the hypothesis that type 3 diabetes is just one of the categories of insulin resistance diseases that can occur independently or overlap with one or more of the others, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Neurology, Neuropathology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
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Khan MA, Alam Q, Haque A, Ashafaq M, Khan MJ, Ashraf GM, Ahmad M. Current Progress on Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Agonist as an Emerging Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:232-246. [PMID: 30152284 PMCID: PMC6425074 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180828100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β within the brain parenchyma resulting in a significant decline in cognitive functions. The pathophysiological conditions of the disease are recognized by the perturbation of synaptic function, energy and lipid metabolism. In Addition deposition of amyloid plaques also triggers inflammation upon the induction of microglia. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors known to play important role in the regulation of glucose absorption, homeostasis of lipid metabolism and are further known to involved in repressing the expression of genes related to inflammation. Therefore, agonists of this receptor represent an attractive therapeutic target for AD. Recently, both clinical and preclinical studies showed that use of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist improves both learning and memory along with other AD related pathology. Thus, PPARγ signifies a significant new therapeutic target in treating AD. In this review, we have shed some light on the recent progress of how, PPARγ agonist selectively modulated different cellular targets in AD and its amazing potential in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India; E-mail: , and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India; E-mail: , and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
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Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Ghanei N, Suppiramaniam V, Amin R. Signaling Mechanisms of Selective PPAR γ Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:2010675. [PMID: 30420872 PMCID: PMC6215547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal protein accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. The continuous increase in the incidence of AD with the aged population and mortality rate indicates the urgent need for establishing novel molecular targets for therapeutic potential. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve memory impairments in several rodent models and in humans with mild-to-moderate AD. However, these agonists display poor blood brain barrier permeability resulting in inadequate bioavailability in the brain and thus requiring high dosing with chronic time frames. Furthermore, these dosing levels are associated with several adverse effects including increased incidence of weight gain, liver abnormalities, and heart failure. Therefore, there is a need for identifying novel compounds which target PPARγ more selectively in the brain and could provide therapeutic benefits without a high incidence of adverse effects. This review focuses on how PPARγ agonists influence various pathologies in AD with emphasis on development of novel selective PPARγ modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nila Ghanei
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Emerging Concepts in Brain Glucose Metabolic Functions: From Glucose Sensing to How the Sweet Taste of Glucose Regulates Its Own Metabolism in Astrocytes and Neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:281-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Reich D, Gallucci G, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Therapeutic Advantages of Dual Targeting of PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ in an Experimental Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5. [PMID: 30705969 PMCID: PMC6350901 DOI: 10.13188/2376-922x.1000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive impairments in brain responsiveness to insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Although deficiencies in brain insulin and IGF could be ameliorated with trophic factors such as insulin, impairments in receptor expression, binding, and tyrosine kinase activation require alternative strategies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists target genes downstream of insulin/IGF stimulation. Furthermore, their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects address other pathologies contributing to neurodegeneration. Objectives: The goal of this research was to examine effects of dual delivery of L165, 041 (PPAR-δ) and F-L-Leu (PPAR-γ) agonists for remediating in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Model: Experiments were conducted using frontal lobe slice cultures from an intracerebral Streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) rat model of AD. Results: PPAR-δ+ PPAR-γ agonist treatments increased indices of neuronal and myelin maturation, and mitochondrial proliferation and function, and decreased neuroinflammation, AβPP-Aβ, neurotoxicity, ubiquitin, and nitrosative stress, but failed to restore choline acetyl transferase expression and adversely increased HNE(lipid peroxidation) and acetylcholinesterase, which would have further increased stress and reduced cholinergic function in the STZ brain cultures. Conclusion: PPAR-δ + PPAR-γ agonist treatments have substantial positive early therapeutic targeting effects on AD-associated molecular and biochemical brain pathologies. However, additional or alternative strategies may be needed to optimize disease remediation during the initial phases of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reich
- Brandeis University, Waltham University, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA
| | - M Tong
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA
| | - S M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Brown University, USA
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van Gastel J, Boddaert J, Jushaj A, Premont RT, Luttrell LM, Janssens J, Martin B, Maudsley S. GIT2-A keystone in ageing and age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 43:46-63. [PMID: 29452267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 2, GIT2, and its family member, GIT1, have received considerable interest concerning their potential key roles in regulating multiple inter-connected physiological and pathophysiological processes. GIT2 was first identified as a multifunctional protein that is recruited to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) during the process of receptor internalization. Recent findings have demonstrated that perhaps one of the most important effects of GIT2 in physiology concerns its role in controlling multiple aspects of the complex ageing process. Ageing can be considered the most prevalent pathophysiological condition in humans, affecting all tissue systems and acting as a driving force for many common and intractable disorders. The ageing process involves a complex interplay among various deleterious activities that profoundly disrupt the body's ability to cope with damage, thus increasing susceptibility to pathophysiologies such as neurodegeneration, central obesity, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The biological systems that control ageing appear to function as a series of interconnected complex networks. The inter-communication among multiple lower-complexity signaling systems within the global ageing networks is likely coordinated internally by keystones or hubs, which regulate responses to dynamic molecular events through protein-protein interactions with multiple distinct partners. Multiple lines of research have suggested that GIT2 may act as one of these network coordinators in the ageing process. Identifying and targeting keystones, such as GIT2, is thus an important approach in our understanding of, and eventual ability to, medically ameliorate or interdict age-related progressive cellular and tissue damage.
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Chen F, He Y, Wang P, Wei P, Feng H, Rao Y, Shi J, Tian J. Banxia Xiexin decoction ameliorated cognition via the regulation of insulin pathways and glucose transporters in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418780066. [PMID: 29873261 PMCID: PMC5992807 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418780066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glucose utilization and deficient energy metabolism that occur in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease correlate with impaired cognition, and this information is evidence that Alzheimer's disease is a metabolic disease that is associated with brain insulin/insulin-like growth factor resistance. This research aimed to investigate the effects of Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) on cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice and verify the hypothesis that BXD treatment improves cognitive function via improving insulin signalling, glucose metabolism and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice. We used 3-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice as the case groups and wild-type littermates of the double transgenic mice from the same colony as the control group. Forty-five APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group, donepezil group and BXD group. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose orally. The Morris water maze and step-down test were conducted to evaluate the cognitive performance of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice after BXD treatment. Ultrastructure of synapses was observed in the hippocampal CA1 area. Proteins involved in insulin signalling pathways and glucose transports in the hippocampus were assessed through immunohistochemical staining and western blot. After 3 months intervention, we found that BXD treatment improved cognitive performance and the synaptic quantity and ultrastructure, restored insulin signalling and increased the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 levels. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of BXD on cognition may be due to the improvement of insulin signalling, glucose metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, State
Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Yingkun He
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang,
China
| | - Pengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, State
Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, State
Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Yingxue Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal
Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
- BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
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Rajapaksha H, Bhatia H, Wegener K, Petrovsky N, Bruning JB. X-ray crystal structure of rivoglitazone bound to PPARγ and PPAR subtype selectivity of TZDs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1981-1991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zang J, Liu Y, Li W, Xiao D, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liang W, Liu F, Wei W. Voluntary exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis by increasing GSK-3β activity in mice. Neuroscience 2017; 354:122-135. [PMID: 28456716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been proven to promote learning and memory, and is closely related to increased adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In our study, the β subunit of Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) can be significantly regulated by exercise, and the modulation of GSK3β activity can enhance adult neurogenesis and memory. To explore the mechanism by which exercise can improve cognitive function and adult neurogenesis, and the role GSK3β plays in this process, we established a mouse model of voluntary exercise to examine the expression and activity of GSK3β, and its associated signaling pathways, in the hippocampus dentate gyrus. The results showed an obvious increase in adult neurogenesis and cognitive functions, and the up-regulation of GSK3β, after exercise. The activity of the insulin pathway, which negatively regulates GSK3β, was also increased. Moreover, our results showed that the dopamine D1 receptor (DARP D1) pathway and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were also activated, which indicates a relationship between GSK3β and neurogenesis. Overall, our findings demonstrated that voluntary exercise promotes cognition and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus by the regulation of GSK3β expression and activity, which may be implemented through the DARP D1 receptor-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Zang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yingcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wanying Liang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge-Grundke Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Tong M, Leão R, Vimbela GV, Yalcin EB, Kay J, Krotow A, de la Monte SM. Altered temporal lobe white matter lipid ion profiles in an experimental model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:23-34. [PMID: 28438696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter is an early and important yet under-evaluated target of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic impairments due to insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance contribute to white matter degeneration because corresponding signal transduction pathways maintain oligodendrocyte function and survival. METHODS This study utilized a model of sporadic AD in which adult Long Evans rats administered intracerebral streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) developed AD-type neurodegeneration. Temporal lobe white matter lipid ion profiles were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). RESULTS Although the lipid ion species expressed in the i.c. STZ and control groups were virtually identical, i.c. STZ mainly altered the abundances of various lipid ions. Correspondingly, the i.c. STZ group was distinguished from control by principal component analysis and data bar plots. i.c. STZ mainly reduced expression of lipid ions with low m/z's (less than 810) as well as the upper range m/z lipids (m/z 964-986), and increased expression of lipid ions with m/z's between 888 and 937. Phospholipids were mainly included among the clusters inhibited by i.c. STZ, while both sulfatides and phospholipids were increased by i.c. STZ. However, Chi-Square analysis demonstrated significant i.c. STZ-induced trend reductions in phospholipids and increases in sulfatides (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS The i.c. STZ model of sporadic AD is associated with broad and sustained abnormalities in temporal lobe white matter lipids. The findings suggest that the i.c. STZ model could be used for pre-clinical studies to assess therapeutic measures for their ability to restore white matter integrity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Raiane Leão
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gina V Vimbela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Emine B Yalcin
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jared Kay
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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de la Monte SM. Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Drugs 2017; 77:47-65. [PMID: 27988872 PMCID: PMC5575843 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be regarded as a degenerative metabolic disease caused by brain insulin resistance and deficiency, and overlapping with the molecular, biochemical, pathophysiological, and metabolic dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Although most of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over the past several decades have focused on amyloid-beta (Aβ42) and aberrantly phosphorylated tau, which could be caused by consequences of brain insulin resistance, the broader array of pathologies including white matter atrophy with loss of myelinated fibrils and leukoaraiosis, non-Aβ42 microvascular disease, dysregulated lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and loss of synapses vis-à-vis growth of dystrophic neurites, is not readily accounted for by Aβ42 accumulations, but could be explained by dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling with attendant impairments in signal transduction and gene expression. This review covers the diverse range of brain abnormalities in AD and discusses how insulins, incretins, and insulin sensitizers could be utilized to treat at different stages of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pierre Galletti Research Building, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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