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Cotton K, Ayers E, Jin Y, Beauchet O, Derby CA, Lipton RB, Katz M, Galery K, Gaudreau P, Verghese J. Elevated Blood Homocysteine Increases the Risk of Incident Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: A Two-Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae114. [PMID: 38671552 PMCID: PMC11157967 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome, a predementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, may have an underlying vascular etiology. Elevated blood levels of homocysteine, a known vascular risk factor, have been linked to physical and cognitive decline in older adults, though the relationship with MCR is unknown. We aimed to identify the association between homocysteine and MCR risk. METHODS We examined the association between baseline homocysteine levels and incident MCR using Cox proportional hazard models in 1826 community-dwelling older adults (55% women) from 2 cohorts (Einstein Aging Study [EAS] and Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging [NuAge]). We calculated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), for each cohort as well as stratified by sex and vascular disease/risk factors. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 2.2 years in EAS and 3.0 years in NuAge. Individuals with elevated baseline homocysteine levels (>14 µmol/L) had a significantly higher risk of incident MCR compared to those with normal levels in NuAge (HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.97, p = .04), after adjusting for covariates. Our exploratory stratified analyses found that these associations were significant only in men with vascular disease/risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Higher blood homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of developing MCR in older adults, particularly in men with vascular disease or vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cotton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Research Centre of the Geriatric University Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mindy Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Galery
- Research Centre of the Geriatric University Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Huber SK, Manser P, de Bruin ED. PEMOCS: theory derivation of a concept for PErsonalized MOtor-Cognitive exergame training in chronic Stroke-a methodological paper with an application example. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1397949. [PMID: 38915297 PMCID: PMC11194322 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1397949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising to address this unmet need. However, many studies have so far implemented motor-cognitive exergame interventions in an unstructured manner and suitable application protocols remain yet unclear. We, therefore, aimed to summarize existing literature on this topic, and developed a training concept for motor-cognitive exergame interventions in chronic stroke. Methods The development of the training concept for personalized motor-cognitive exergame training for stroke (PEMOCS) followed Theory Derivation procedures. This comprised (1.1) a thorough (narrative) literature search on long-term stroke rehabilitation; (1.2) a wider literature search beyond the topic of interest to identify analogies, and to induce creativity; (2) the identification of parent theories; (3) the adoption of suitable content or structure of the main parent theory; and (4) the induction of modifications to adapt it to the new field of interest. We also considered several aspects of the "Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions" by the Medical Research Council. Specifically, a feasibility study was conducted, and refining actions based on the findings were performed. Results A training concept for improving cognitive functions and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors should consider the principles for neuroplasticity, (motor) skill learning, and training. We suggest using a step-based exergame training for at least 12 weeks, 2-3 times a week for approximately 45 min. Gentile's Taxonomy for Motor Learning was identified as suitable fundament for the personalized progression and variability rules, and extended by a third cognitive dimension. Concepts and models from related fields inspired further additions and modifications to the concept. Conclusion We propose the PEMOCS concept for improving cognitive functioning and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors, which serves as a guide for structuring and implementing motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Future research should focus on developing objective performance parameters that enable personalized progression independent of the chosen exergame type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K. Huber
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manser
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health, OST—Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chang H, Zhao Y. Longitudinal trajectories of handgrip strength and their association with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 120:105334. [PMID: 38382231 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify heterogeneous developmental trajectories of handgrip strength (HGS) in Chinese older adults and to explore the relationship between different developmental trajectories and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR). METHODS We used three waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, which involved 3773 older adults. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to estimate trajectory classes for HGS, followed by binary logistic regression to explore the association between trajectory classes and MCR. RESULTS GMM analyses extracted four distinct trajectories of HGS: low level-declining group (16.0 %), upper middle level group (30.9 %), high level-steady group (9.5 %), and lower middle level group (43.6 %). In addition, we found that even after adjusting for important covariates, the odds of MCR prevalence were lower in the medium level-high group, high level-steady group, and medium level-low group compared with the low level-declining group. CONCLUSION Appreciable heterogeneity in HGS among older people in China was revealed. Only 9.5 % of older people with HGS in the high level-steady group. And poorer grip strength levels mean a higher risk of MCR. Therefore, interventions should be taken to maintain muscle mass and thus prevent MCR in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- School of nursing, Guizhou medical university, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
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Kuate Defo A, Bakula V, Pisaturo A, Labos C, Wing SS, Daskalopoulou SS. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: A systematic umbrella review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:441-462. [PMID: 37869901 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this umbrella review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of diabetes on risk of dementia, as well as the mitigating effect of antidiabetic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic umbrella review on diabetes and its treatment, and a meta-analysis focusing on treatment. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing the risk of cognitive decline/dementia in individuals with diabetes until 2 July 2023. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to obtain risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimating the association of metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, insulin, sulphonylureas, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) with risk of dementia from cohort/case-control studies. The subgroups analysed included country and world region. Risk of bias was assessed with the AMSTAR tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS We included 100 reviews and 27 cohort/case-control studies (N = 3 046 661). Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, GLP1RAs and SGLT2is were associated with significant reduction in risk of dementia. When studies examining metformin were divided by country, the only significant effect was for the United States. Moreover, the effect of metformin was significant in Western but not Eastern populations. No significant effect was observed for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, or insulin, while meglitinides and sulphonylureas were associated with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, GLP1RAs and SGLT2is were associated with reduced risk of dementia. More longitudinal studies aimed at determining their relative benefit in different populations should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Kuate Defo
- Vascular Health Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veselko Bakula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Labos
- Vascular Health Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon S Wing
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Vascular Health Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Beauchet O, Matskiv J, Gaudreau P, Allali G. New onset, transient and stable motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Clinical characteristics and association with incidence of probable dementia in the NuAge cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1063702. [PMID: 36742207 PMCID: PMC9893109 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1063702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia stage. The existence of stable and transient MCR, their related clinical characteristics and their association with incident dementia is a matter of debate.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the clinical characteristics and the time course associated with new onset, transient and stable MCR, and their association with incidence of probable dementia in community-dwelling older adults living in the province of Quebec (Canada).DesignQuebec elderly population-based observational cohort study with 3 years of follow-up.SettingCommunity dwellers.SubjectsA subset of participants (n = 1,113) from the “Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging” (NuAge) cohort.MethodsParticipants with MCR were identified at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. Socio-demographic characteristics, 30-item Geriatric depression scale (GDS) score, cardiovascular risk factors and diseases were recorded at baseline. Incidence of probable dementia was measured at annual follow-up visits over a 3-year period.ResultsOver the period of the first year of follow-up, the prevalence of MCR was 8.5% with 4.3% having new onset MCR, 2.8% transient MCR and 1.4% stable MCR. A higher 30-item GDS score was reported with new onset and transient MCR, and the highest prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases was shown with stable MCR compared to non-MCR participants (p < 0.05). MCR was associated with overall incidence of probable dementia, regardless of its status (Hazard Ratio ≥ 1.86, p ≤ 0.034).ConclusionGreater prevalence of depressive symptoms and cerebrovascular diseases were reported, respectively, with new onset and transient MCR, and stable MCR. The association of MCR with incidence of probable dementia remains significant, regardless of MCR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Beauchet
- Departments of Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Geriatric University Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Matskiv
- Research Centre of the Geriatric University Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Departments of Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Allali
- Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wen ZF, Peng SH, Wang JL, Wang HY, Yang LP, Liu Q, Zhang XG. Prevalence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36533320 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2158305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome. Several studies on the prevalence of MCR have been published; however, the data vary across studies with different epidemiological characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively analyse the overall prevalence and associated epidemiological characteristics of MCR among older adults aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Database, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang Database were searched from their inception to January 2022. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale evaluated the risk of bias. Statistical heterogeneity among the included studies was analysed using Cochran's Q and I2 tests. A random effect model calculated pooled prevalence owing to study heterogeneity. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess the publication bias. Additionally, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on different epidemiological characteristics to determine heterogeneity sources. RESULTS Sixty-two studies comprising 187,558 samples were obtained. The pooled MCR prevalence was 9.0% (95% confidence interval: 8.3-9.8). A higher MCR prevalence was observed in females, older adults with a low educational level, depression and cardiovascular risk factors, South American populations, and studies with small sample sizes and cross-section designs. Furthermore, subjective cognitive complaint using scale score and gait speed using instrument gait showed higher MCR prevalence. CONCLUSION MCR is common in older adults, and various epidemiological characteristics influence its prevalence. Thus, preventive measures are required for older adults with higher MCR prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fei Wen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Han Peng
- School Clinical, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Dean Office, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian-Geng Zhang
- Dean Office, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Sichuan, China
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Mullin DS, Cockburn A, Welstead M, Luciano M, Russ TC, Muniz-Terrera G. Mechanisms of motoric cognitive risk-Hypotheses based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies of older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2413-2427. [PMID: 35142038 PMCID: PMC10078717 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to refine the hypothesis that motoric cognitive risk (MCR), a syndrome combining measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints, is prognostic of incident dementia and other major causes of morbidity in older age. We propose mechanisms on the relationship between motor and cognitive function and describe a roadmap to validate these hypotheses. We systematically searched major electronic databases from inception to August 2021 for original longitudinal cohort studies of adults aged ≥60 years that compared an MCR group to a non-MCR group with any health outcome. Fifteen cohorts were combined by meta-analysis. Participants with MCR were at an increased risk of cognitive impairment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.49-2.08; I2 = 24.9%), dementia (aHR 2.12, 1.85-2.42; 33.1%), falls (adjusted Relative Risk 1.38, 1.15-1.66; 62.1%), and mortality (aHR 1.49, 1.16-1.91; 79.2%). The prognostic value of MCR is considerable and mechanisms underlying the syndrome are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donncha S Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Chanti-Ketterl M, Stebbins RC, Obhi HK, Belsky DW, Plassman BL, Yang YC. Sex Differences in the Association Between Metabolic Dysregulation and Cognitive Aging: The Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1827-1835. [PMID: 34606593 PMCID: PMC9757032 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of some metabolic factors increases the risk of dementia. It remains unclear if overall metabolic dysregulation, or only certain components, contribute to cognitive aging and if these associations are sex specific. METHODS Data from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was used to analyze 7 103 participants aged 65 and older at baseline (58% women). We created a metabolic-dysregulation risk score (MDRS) composed of blood pressure/hypertension status, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)/diabetes status, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and waist circumference, and assessed cognitive trajectories from repeated measures of the HRS-Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (HRS-TICS) over 10 years of follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between MDRS or individual metabolic factors (biomarkers) with mean and change in HRS-TICS scores and assessed sex-modification of these associations. RESULTS Participants with higher MDRSs had lower mean HRS-TICS scores, but there were no statistically significant differences in rate of decline. Sex stratification showed this association was present for women only. MDRS biomarkers revealed heterogeneity in the strength and direction of associations with HRS-TICS. Lower HRS-TICS levels were associated with hypertension, higher HbA1c/diabetes, and lower HDL-C and TC, whereas faster rate of cognitive decline was associated with hypertension, higher HbA1c/diabetes, and higher TC. Participants with higher HbA1c/diabetes presented worse cognitive trajectories. Sex differences indicated that women with higher HbA1c/diabetes to have lower HRS-TICS levels, whereas hypertensive males presented better cognitive trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that metabolic dysregulation is more strongly associated with cognition in women compared with men, though sex differences vary by individual biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Chanti-Ketterl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca C Stebbins
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hardeep K Obhi
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yang Claire Yang
- Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Felix N, Ayers E, Verghese J, Blumen HM. Increased Social Support Reduces the Incidence of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac048. [PMID: 36081405 PMCID: PMC9447853 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
The motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. The relationship between MCR and social support—a potentially modifiable risk factor of dementia—is currently unknown. The current study aimed to determine whether MCR incidence varies as a function of social support in aging.
Research Design and Methods
We examined MCR incidence in 506 community-dwelling older adults (M Age 76.59; 57.3% female) without MCR or dementia at baseline. We quantified perceived levels of social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, incorporating four different categories of support: (a) emotional/informational support, (b) tangible support, (c) affectionate support, and (d) positive social interactions. We used Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, comorbidities, and global cognition, to estimate hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Over a median follow-up time of 2.5 years (range = 1–7 years), 38 participants (9.8%) developed MCR. Increased tangible support decreased the risk of MCR by 30% (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.92, p = .011). Increased overall social support decreased the risk of MCR by 33% (aHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98, p = .038). Other subcategories of social support were not associated with a decreased risk of MCR (p > .05).
Discussion and Implications
Higher levels of tangible social support, as well as overall social support, were associated with reduced risk for MCR in older adults. Increasing social support may be a promising avenue of intervention for reducing the risk of MCR, dementia, and other forms of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Felix
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Departments of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
- Departments of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
| | - Helena M Blumen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
- Departments of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA
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Huber SK, Knols RH, Held JPO, Christen T, de Bruin ED. Agreement, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity of an Outdoor, Wearable-Based Walk Ratio Assessment in Healthy Adults and Chronic Stroke Survivors. Front Physiol 2022; 13:857963. [PMID: 35795644 PMCID: PMC9252290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.857963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The walk ratio (WR)—the step-length/cadence relation—is a promising measure for gait control. GPS-running watches deliver clinically relevant outcomes including the WR. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest agreement, reliability and concurrent validity of an outdoor WR assessment using a GPS-running watch. Methods: Healthy adults and moderate—high functioning stroke survivors (≥6 months), performed the 1 km-outdoor walk twice using a GPS-running watch (Garmin Forerunner 35, GFR35) and a Step Activity Monitor (SAM 3). Global cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Test-retest agreement and reliability were assessed using Bland-Altman plots, standard error of measurement (SEM), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and smallest detectable changes (SDCs). Concurrent validity was determined by the mean difference (MD), standard error (SE), mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) and Spearman’s Rho between GFR35 and SAM3. WR values of the two groups were compared by a Welch’s test. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed with the WR as dependent variable and possible predictors as independent variables. Results: Fifty-one healthy adults [median: 60.0 (47.0, 67.0) years) and 20 stroke survivors [mean: 63.1 (12.4) years, median: 76 (30, 146) months post-stroke] were included. Test-retest agreement and reliability were excellent (SEM% ≤ 2.2, ICCs > 0.9, SDC% ≤ 6.1) and concurrent validity was high (MAPE < 5, ρ > 0.7) for those walking ≥ 1 m/s. Walking < 1 m/s impaired accurate step counting and reduced agreement, reliability, and validity. The WR differed between healthy adults and stroke survivors (t = −2.126, p = 0.045). The hierarchical regression model including stroke and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 0—30) explained 25% of the WR variance (ΔR2 = 0.246, p < 0.001). Stroke had no effect (β = −0.05, p = 0.682), but global cognition was a predictor for an altered WR (β = 0.44, p = 0.001). Discussion: The outdoor WR assessment using the GFR35 showed excellent test-retest agreement, reliability and concurrent validity in healthy adults and chronic stroke survivors walking at least 1 m/s. As the WR seems relevant in chronic stroke, future studies should further investigate this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K. Huber
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruud H. Knols
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremia P. O. Held
- Vascular Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Center Triemli Zurich, Valens Clinics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Christen
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health, OST—Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Eling D. de Bruin,
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11
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Bommarito G, Garibotto V, Frisoni GB, Ribaldi F, Stampacchia S, Assal F, Armand S, Allali G, Griffa A. The Biological Substrate of the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using Amyloid-/Tau-PET and MR Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1483-1490. [PMID: 35491777 PMCID: PMC9277684 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to explore the biological substrate of the Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome in a Memory Clinic cohort, using a multimodal imaging approach. Twenty participants were recruited and classified as MCR+/−. Amyloid- and tau-PET uptakes, temporal atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, lateral ventricular volume (LVV), and diffusion tensor parameters were compared between groups. No significant differences were found in imaging features related to Alzheimer’s disease or gross vascular damage. MCR+ patients had increased LVV and altered diffusion parameters in the superior corona radiata. Ventricular enlargement and microstructural damage of the surrounding white matter tracts could contribute to MCR pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bommarito
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and NIMTlab, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Stampacchia
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and NIMTlab, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Assal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive & Motor Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center of Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Smith PJ, Sherwood A, Hinderliter AL, Mabe S, Tyson C, Avorgbedor F, Watkins LL, Lin PH, Kraus WE, Blumenthal JA. Cerebrovascular Function, Vascular Risk, and Lifestyle Patterns in Resistant Hypertension. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:345-357. [PMID: 35275539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and blunted cerebral hemodynamic recruitment are thought to be important mechanisms linking hypertension to cerebrovascular and cognitive outcomes. Few studies have examined cardiovascular or dietary correlates of CVR among hypertensives. OBJECTIVE To delineate associations between cardiometabolic risk, diet, and cerebrovascular functioning among individuals with resistant hypertension from the TRIUMPH trial (n = 140). METHODS CVR was assessed by examining changes in tissue oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index [TOI] and oxygenated hemoglobin [HBO2]) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a breath holding test, a standardized CVR assessment to elicit a hypercapnic response. Participants also underwent fNIRS during three cognitive challenge tasks. Vascular function was assessed by measurement of brachial artery flow mediated dilation and hyperemic flow response. Cardiometabolic fitness was assessed from peak VO2 on an exercise treadmill test and body mass index. Dietary patterns were quantified using the DASH eating score. Cognitive function was assessed using a 45-minute test battery assessing Executive Function, Processing Speed, and Memory. RESULTS Greater levels fitness (B = 0.30, p = 0.011), DASH compliance (B = 0.19, p = 0.045), and lower obesity (B = -0.30, p = 0.004), associated with greater changes in TOI, whereas greater flow-mediated dilation (B = 0.19, p = 0.031) and lower stroke risk (B = -0.19, p = 0.049) associated with greater HBO2. Similar associations were found for cerebral hemodynamic recruitment, and associations between CVR and cognition were moderated by duration of hypertension. CONCLUSION Impaired CVR elevated cardiometabolic risk, obesity, vascular function, and fitness among hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Mabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Tyson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Forgive Avorgbedor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lana L Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Gomez GT, Gottesman RF, Gabriel KP, Palta P, Gross AL, Soldan A, Albert MS, Sullivan KJ, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Windham BG, Walker KA. The association of motoric cognitive risk with incident dementia and neuroimaging characteristics: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:434-444. [PMID: 34786837 PMCID: PMC10064850 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motoric cognitive risk (MCR), a clinical syndrome characterized by slow gait speed and subjective cognitive complaints, has been associated with dementia risk. The neuropathological features underlying MCR remain poorly understood. METHODS The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) community-based cohort study classified participants using standardized criteria as MCR+/- and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)+/- at study baseline (2011-2013). We examined the 5-year dementia risk and baseline brain structural/molecular abnormalities associated with MCR+ and MCI+ status. RESULTS Of 5023 nondemented participants included, 204 were MCR+ and 1030 were MCI+. Both MCR+ and MCI+ participants demonstrated increased dementia risk. The pattern of structural brain abnormalities associated with MCR+ differed from that of MCI+. Whereas MCI+ was associated with comparatively smaller volumes in brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology, MCR+ status was associated with smaller volumes in frontoparietal regions and greater white matter abnormalities. DISCUSSION MCR may represent a predementia syndrome characterized by prominent white matter abnormalities and frontoparietal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela T. Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Priya Palta
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alden L. Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin J. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | | | - B. Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Keenan A. Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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14
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Yamamoto S, Yamasaki S, Higuchi S, Kamiya K, Saito H, Saito K, Ogasahara Y, Maekawa E, Konishi M, Kitai T, Iwata K, Jujo K, Wada H, Kasai T, Nagamatsu H, Ozawa T, Izawa K, Aizawa N, Makino A, Oka K, Momomura SI, Kagiyama N, Matsue Y. Prevalence and prognostic impact of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with heart failure: sub-analysis of FRAGILE-HF. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1574-1583. [PMID: 35182038 PMCID: PMC9065815 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although evidence suggests that cognitive decline and physical frailty in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) are associated with prognosis, the impact of concurrent physical frailty and cognitive impairment, that is, cognitive frailty, on prognosis has yet to be fully investigated. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with HF. Methods and results This study is a sub‐analysis of FRAGILE‐HF, a prospective multicentre observational study involving patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized for HF. The Fried criteria and Mini‐Cog were used to diagnose physical frailty and cognitive impairment, respectively. The association between cognitive frailty and the combined endpoint of mortality and HF rehospitalization within 1 year was then evaluated. Among the 1332 patients identified, 1215 who could be assessed using Mini‐Cog and the Fried criteria were included in this study. Among those included, 279 patients (23.0%) had cognitive frailty. During the follow‐up 1 year after discharge, 398 combined events were observed. Moreover, cognitive frailty was determined to be associated with a higher incidence of combined events (log‐rank: P = 0.0146). This association was retained even after adjusting for other prognostic factors (hazard ratio: 1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–2.13). Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis using grip strength, short physical performance battery, and gait speed to determine physical frailty instead of the Fried criteria showed similar results. Conclusions This cohort study found that 23% of elderly patients with HF had cognitive frailty, which was associated with a 1.55‐fold greater risk for combined events within 1 year compared with patients without cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasahara
- Department of Nursing, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, Nishiarai Heart Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagamatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Odawara Municipal Hospital, Odawara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Izawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kasukabe Chuo General Hospital, Kasukabe, Japan
| | - Naoki Aizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Makino
- Rehabilitation Center, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Citizens Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Kagiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Digital Health and Telemedicine R&D, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Yaqub A, Darweesh SKL, Dommershuijsen LJ, Vernooij MW, Ikram MK, Wolters FJ, Ikram MA. Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and prognosis of the motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a population-based comparison with mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1587-1599. [PMID: 35147272 PMCID: PMC9306517 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose This study was undertaken to compare risk factors, neuroimaging characteristics and prognosis between two clinical prodromes of dementia, namely, the motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCRS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Between 2009 and 2015, dementia‐free participants of the population‐based Rotterdam Study were classified with a dementia prodrome if they had subjective cognitive complaints and scored >1 SD below the population mean of gait speed (MCRS) or >1.5 SD below the population mean of cognitive test scores (MCI). Using multinomial logistic regression models, we determined cross‐sectional associations of risk factors and structural neuroimaging markers with MCRS and MCI, followed by subdistribution hazard models, to determine risk of incident dementia until 2016. Results Of 3025 included participants (mean age = 70.4 years, 54.7% women), 231 had MCRS (7.6%), 132 had MCI (4.4%), and 62 (2.0%) fulfilled criteria for both. Although many risk factors were shared, a higher body mass index predisposed to MCRS, whereas male sex and hypercholesterolemia were associated with MCI only. Gray matter volumes, hippocampal volumes, white matter hyperintensities, and structural white matter integrity were worse in both MCRS and MCI. During a mean follow‐up of 3.9 years, 71 individuals developed dementia and 200 died. Five‐year cumulative risk of dementia was 7.0% (2.5%–11.5%) for individuals with MCRS, versus 13.3% (5.8%–20.8%) with MCI and only 2.3% (1.5%–3.1%) in unaffected individuals. Conclusions MCRS is associated with imaging markers of neurodegeneration and risk of dementia, even in the absence of MCI, highlighting the potential of motor function assessment in early risk stratification for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Sun X, Harris KE, Hou L, Xia X, Liu X, Ge M, Jia S, Zhou L, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Mei Y, Zhang G, Xin L, Hao Q, Shen Y, Xiao C, Yue J, Ge N, Li Y, Dong B, Xue Q. The prevalence and associated factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in multiple ethnic middle‐aged to older adults in west China: A cross‐sectional study. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1354-1365. [PMID: 35118760 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Sun
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | | | - Lisha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Meiling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shuli Jia
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yang Mei
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Liuyi Xin
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yanjiao Shen
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation Cochrane China Centre MAGIC China Centre Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine Centre West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chun Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ning Ge
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ying Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qianli Xue
- Departments of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA
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17
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Groeger JL, Ayers E, Barzilai N, Beauchet O, Callisaya M, Torossian MR, Derby C, Doi T, Lipton RB, Milman S, Nakakubo S, Shimada H, Srikanth V, Wang C, Verghese J. Inflammatory biomarkers and motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicohort survey. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100151. [PMID: 36324399 PMCID: PMC9616385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Raised IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with increased odds of MCR. IL-6 and CRP are involved in overlapping inflammatory, vascular, and neurological pathology. Establishing these pathways can guide interventions to prevent progression of MCR to dementia.
Background Inflammation may play a role in Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome, a pre-dementia syndrome comprised of slow gait and cognitive complaints. Our objective was to examine associations of inflammatory biomarkers with MCR. Methods We examined association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with prevalent MCR using logistic regression in 3,101 older adults (52% female) from five cohorts (National Center for Geriatrics & Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes [NCGG-SGS], Central Control of Mobility in Aging [CCMA], Tasmanian Study of Cognition and Gait [TASCOG], LonGenity, and Einstein Aging Study [EAS]). Associations were reported as odds ratios adjusted for sex, age, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and vascular diseases (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-analysis and analyses stratified by vascular disease were also done. Results Although associations between higher (worse) CRP and IL-6 tertiles and MCR were only seen in three out of the five cohorts (EAS, TASCOG, and LonGenity), when a pooled meta-analysis was performed, a robust association was demonstrated. In meta-analysis, highest tertiles of IL-6 (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.01- 2.44) and CRP (aOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.09–2.48) was associated with MCR versus lowest tertiles in the pooled sample. Higher CRP was associated with MCR among those with vascular disease in TASCOG and LonGenity cohorts, and among those without vascular disease in EAS. Conclusions IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with MCR in older adults, and this association varies by presence of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina L Groeger
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre of Research of "Institut Universitaire de Montreal", Quebec, Canada; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- The National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maral R. Torossian
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- The National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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18
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Iqbal K, Hasanain M, Ahmed J, Iqbal A, Rathore SS, Monis A, Baig MD, Ul Haq ZG. Association of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome with Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:810-822. [PMID: 34973959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a recently proposed predementia syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive impairment and slow gait. We aim to assess the cardiovascular and noncardiovascular factors associated with MCR. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Studies comparing patients with MCR to those without MCR, and identifying the factors associated with MCR. METHODS We used databases, including PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase, to identify studies evaluating the factors associated with MCR. Mean differences, odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RRs), and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Review Manager. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that all cardiovascular factors, including diabetes (21 studies; OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.37, 1.64), hypertension (21 studies; OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08, 1.33), stroke (16 studies; OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.70, 2.42), heart disease (7 studies; OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13, 1.86), coronary artery disease (5 studies; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16, 1.91), smoking (13 studies; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04, 1.58), and obesity (12 studies; OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.59) were significantly higher in the MCR than the non-MCR group. Noncardiovascular factors, including age (22 studies; MD = 1.08, 95% CI 0.55, 1.61), education (8 studies; OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.28, 3.25), depression (17 studies; OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.65, 2.91), prior falls (9 studies; OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17, 1.80), arthritis (6 studies; OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07, 1.70), polypharmacy (5 studies; OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.07, 2.54), and sedentary lifestyle (11 studies; OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.59, 2.52), were significantly higher in the MCR than in the non-MCR group. Alcohol consumption (6 studies; OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72, 0.98), however, favored the MCR over the non-MCR group. Additionally, there was no significant association of MCR with gender (22 studies; OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94, 1.15) and cancer (3 studies; OR 2.39, 95% CI 0.69, 8.28). MCR was also significantly associated with an increased likelihood of incident dementia (5 studies; HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.77, 4.56; P < .001), incident cognitive impairment [2 studies; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.44, 2.15], incident falls (4 studies; RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17, 1.60), and mortality (2 studies; aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.35, 1.85). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MCR syndrome was significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, stroke, obesity, smoking, low education, sedentary lifestyle, and depression. Moreover, MCR significantly increased the risk of incident dementia, cognitive impairment, falls, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Iqbal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hasanain
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayman Iqbal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mirza Daniyal Baig
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Beauchet O, Sekhon H, Cooper-Brown L, Launay CP, Gaudreau P, Morais JA, Allali G. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and incident dementia in older adults from the Québec NuAge cohort. Age Ageing 2021; 50:969-973. [PMID: 33206941 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of slow walking speed and subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) in non-demented individuals defines motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), which is a pre-dementia stage. There is no information on the association between MCR and incident dementia in Québec's older population. OBJECTIVE The study aims to examine the association of MCR and its individual components (i.e. SCC and slow walking speed) with incident dementia in community-dwelling older adults living in the province of Québec (Canada). DESIGN Québec older people population-based observational cohort study with 3 years of follow-up. SETTING Community dwellings. SUBJECTS A subset of participants (n = 1,098) in 'Nutrition as a determinant of successful aging: The Québec longitudinal study' (NuAge). METHODS At baseline, participants with MCR were identified. Incident dementia was measured at annual follow-up visits using the Modified Mini-Mental State (≤79/100) test and Instrumental Activity Daily Living scale (≤6/8) score values. RESULTS The prevalence of MCR was 4.2% at baseline and the overall incidence of dementia was 3.6%. MCR (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 5.18, with 95% confidence interval (CI) = [2.43-11.03] and P ≤ 0.001) and SCC alone (HR = 2.54, with 95% CI = [1.33-4.85] and P = 0.005) were associated with incident dementia, but slow walking speed was not (HR = 0.81, with 95%CI = [0.25-2.63] and P = 0.736). CONCLUSIONS MCR and SCC are associated with incident dementia in NuAge study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence on longevity of McGill integrated University Health Network, Quebec, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Harmehr Sekhon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence on longevity of McGill integrated University Health Network, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liam Cooper-Brown
- Centre of Excellence on longevity of McGill integrated University Health Network, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyrille P Launay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence on longevity of McGill integrated University Health Network, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montreal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Merchant RA, Chan YH, Hui RJY, Tsoi CT, Kwek SC, Tan WM, Lim JY, Sandrasageran S, Wong BLL, Chen MZ, Ng SE, Morley JE. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome, physio-cognitive decline syndrome, cognitive frailty and reversibility with dual-task exercise. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111362. [PMID: 33887381 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive frailty (CF) is associated with dementia and disability. It was initially proposed in 2013 by the International Institute of Nutrition and Aging and the International Geriatrics Association. Over the years, there have been many emerging definitions e.g., Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR), Physio-cognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS), reversible CF and potentially reversible CF. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the demographics including physical, functional, and psychosocial factors for the four CF definitions amongst community-dwelling older adults. In addition, the effect of dual-task exercise on the reversibility of different definitions of CF was also studied. METHODS Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years recruited between August 2017 and December 2019. Older adults screened to be frail, prefrail or have cognitive impairment were invited to participate in dual-task exercise program called HAPPY (Healthy Ageing Promotion Program for You). Improvement in cognition, frailty, and physical performance after a 3-month dual-task exercise intervention program was compared with controls. RESULTS The prevalence of CF depending on definition ranged from 8.8% to 28.7% with minimal overlap. The cognitive scores were significantly lower in all the groups predominantly affecting non-memory domains except for reversible CF. Frailty was three to seven times more prevalent in CF. MCR group had higher prevalence of functional limitation, pain and depression. All four groups had significant increase in global cognition scores especially in the attention domain where the control group declined, and reduction in the prevalence of frailty post intervention. MCR and reversible CF were significantly associated with increased odds of cognitive improvement after 3 months of intervention compared with control. CONCLUSION CF is a novel concept and regardless of the definitions, is a target for reversing frailty, functional limitation and cognitive impairment through dual-task exercise. Long-term prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of dual-task interventions in delaying the conversion to dementia and reduction of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Jor Yeong Hui
- National University Polyclinics, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris Tung Tsoi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sing Cheer Kwek
- National University Polyclinics, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Mooi Tan
- Integrated Health Division, MOH Office for Healthcare Transformation, Singapore
| | - Jia Yi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surein Sandrasageran
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Beatrix Ling Ling Wong
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zhixuan Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shu Ee Ng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Einstad MS, Saltvedt I, Lydersen S, Ursin MH, Munthe-Kaas R, Ihle-Hansen H, Knapskog AB, Askim T, Beyer MK, Næss H, Seljeseth YM, Ellekjær H, Thingstad P. Associations between post-stroke motor and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 33546620 PMCID: PMC7863272 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor and cognitive impairments are frequently observed following stroke, but are often managed as distinct entities, and there is little evidence regarding how they are related. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairments 3 months after stroke and to examine how motor performance was associated with memory, executive function and global cognition. METHODS The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study is a prospective multicentre cohort study including patients hospitalized with acute stroke between May 2015 and March 2017. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to measure stroke severity at admission. Level of disability was assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Motor and cognitive functions were assessed 3 months post-stroke using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), 10-Word List Recall (10WLR), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), dual-task cost (DTC) and grip strength (Jamar®). Cut-offs were set according to current recommendations. Associations were examined using linear regression with cognitive tests as dependent variables and motor domains as covariates, adjusted for age, sex, education and stroke severity. RESULTS Of 567 participants included, 242 (43%) were women, mean (SD) age was 72.2 (11.7) years, 416 (75%) had an NIHSS score ≤ 4 and 475 (84%) had an mRS score of ≤2. Prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairment ranged from 9.5% for DTC and 10WLR to 22.9% for grip strength and TMT-B. SPPB was associated with MoCA (regression coefficient B = 0.465, 95%CI [0.352, 0.578]), TMT-B (B = -9.494, 95%CI [- 11.726, - 7.925]) and 10WLR (B = 0.132, 95%CI [0.054, 0.211]). Grip strength was associated with MoCA (B = 0.075, 95%CI [0.039, 0.112]), TMT-B (B = -1.972, 95%CI [- 2.672, - 1.272]) and 10WLR (B = 0.041, 95%CI [0.016, 0.066]). Higher DTC was associated with more time needed to complete TMT-B (B = 0.475, 95%CI [0.075, 0.875]) but not with MoCA or 10WLR. CONCLUSION Three months after suffering mainly minor strokes, 30-40% of participants had motor or cognitive impairments, while 20% had concurrent impairments. Motor performance was associated with memory, executive function and global cognition. The identification of concurrent impairments could be relevant for preventing functional decline. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02650531 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Stine Einstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie H Ursin
- Department of Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Munthe-Kaas
- Department of Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mona K Beyer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngve M Seljeseth
- Medical Department, Ålesund Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjær
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pernille Thingstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Blumen HM, Schwartz E, Allali G, Beauchet O, Callisaya M, Doi T, Shimada H, Srikanth V, Verghese J. Cortical Thickness, Volume, and Surface Area in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:651-665. [PMID: 33867359 PMCID: PMC8768501 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. OBJECTIVE To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. METHODS Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. RESULTS Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. CONCLUSION Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M. Blumen
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emily Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital & Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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23
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Antonazzo B, Marano G, Romagnoli E, Ronzoni S, Frati G, Sani G, Janiri L, Mazza M. Impact of arterial hypertension and its management strategies on cognitive function and dementia: a comprehensive umbrella review. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 70:285-297. [PMID: 33258570 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline and dementia recognize multiple risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, often involved simultaneously with complex interactions. Several studies have shown that both arterial hypertension and hypotension are associated with a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but clinical evidence on this point is conflicting. Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review on cognitive function, dementia, and blood pressure, with particular attention to epidemiological, prognostic and therapeutic aspects. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a dedicated literature search on PubMed for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focused on arterial pressure, hypertension, hypotension and similar conditions, and cognitive function, cognitive decline and dementia. The internal validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was formally analyzed using the OQAQ tool. The umbrella review was planned in accordance with current international recommendations and was described as specified by the PRISMA guidelines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Seventeen systematic reviews (including 13 meta-analyses) were included, for a total of 675 clinical studies and over 1 million patients. Hypertension results to be associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia, greater risk of vascular dementia and greater risk of cognitive decline. Orthostatic hypotension seems to be associated with greater risk of Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia and dementia of Parkinson's disease. Therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces lower risk of cardiovascular events, greater risk of hypertension and greater risk of bradycardia, while the anti-hypertensive therapy leads to a lower risk of dementia of all types and lower risk of cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS To date, the evidence on the relationship between blood pressure, cognitive decline and dementia provides somewhat heterogeneous data. Further studies are clearly needed, with explicit inclusion criteria as objective as possible, adequate follow-up and precise characterization of implemented cardiovascular and cognitive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romagnoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
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24
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Ishihara K, Izawa KP, Kitamura M, Ogawa M, Shimogai T, Kanejima Y, Morisawa T, Shimizu I. Gait speed, life-space mobility and mild cognitive impairment in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2020; 36:147-154. [PMID: 32770346 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Slow gait speed and restricted life-space mobility predict cognitive decline and dementia in healthy older adults, yet the relation between gait speed or life-space mobility and cognitive function remains poorly understood in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We, therefore, examined the following relations: that between gait speed and cognitive function, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and that between life-space mobility and cognitive function, and MCI. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 240 non-dementia patients who met the study criteria from 2132 consecutive CAD patients. MCI was estimated with the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J). Gait speed was measured to perform gait trials at the patients' usual walking pace, and life-space mobility was evaluated using the Life-Space Assessment (LSA). We investigated the relation between gait speed or life-space mobility and cognitive function by Pearson correlation analysis, whereas multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted for detecting MCI. Gait speed and LSA scores were positively associated with the MoCA-J score (r = 0.54, p < 0.001 and r = 0.44, p < 0.001, respectively), and both were independently associated with MCI in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.007, p < 0.001, and odds ratio 0.98, p = 0.038, respectively). Cognitive impairment can be easily detected by assessment of gait speed and life-space mobility. Interventions to improve gait speed and life-space mobility may lead to the improvement of cognitive function and MCI in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ishihara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, 5-1 Nakaicho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0804, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro P Izawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan. .,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka Wajiro Professional Training College, 1-13 Wajirooka 2-chome, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan
| | - Masato Ogawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, 5-2 Kusunokicho 7-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimogai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 1-1 Minatojimaminamicho 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuji Kanejima
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 1-1 Minatojimaminamicho 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Morisawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hongo 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ikki Shimizu
- Department of Diabetes, Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, 5-1 Nakaicho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0804, Japan
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25
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Beauchet O, Sekhon H, Launay CP, Gaudreau P, Morais JA, Allali G. Relationship between motoric cognitive risk syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors and diseases, and incident cognitive impairment: Results from the "NuAge" study. Maturitas 2020; 138:51-57. [PMID: 32631588 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome (MCR), which combines Subjective Cognitive Complaint (SCC) and slow gait speed in individuals free of dementia and gait disability, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases as well as incident cognitive impairment. Little information on MCR exists in the Canadian population. This study aims to examine these associations in community-dwelling elderly people living in Quebec, which is a Canadian province. METHODS Data was collected from the"Nutrition as a determinant of successful aging: The Quebec longitudinal study" (NuAge), which is a Quebec population-based observational cohort study with 3 years of follow-up. A subset of 1113 participants (age 73.8 ± 4.1 and 51.9% female; 63.5% of the initial NuAge sample) was selected. MCR, cardiovascular risk factors and disease were recorded at baseline. Incident cognitive impairment was considered if the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) score was ≤79/100 at subsequent annual visits. RESULTS The prevalence of MCR was 4.2% at baseline and was significantly associated with diabetes (P < 0.032), cerebrovascular disease (P < 0.043) and incident cognitive impairment (P ≤ 0.001). The overall incidence of cognitive impairment during the 3-year follow-up period was 4.6%. A greater decrease of the 3MS score was observed in participants with MCR compared to those without MCR, at each annual assessment (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION MCR was associated with diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases at baseline, and incident cognitive impairment in NuAge study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre of Excellence on Longevity of McGill Integrated University Health Network, QC, Canada; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Harmehr Sekhon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre of Excellence on Longevity of McGill Integrated University Health Network, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrille P Launay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montreal Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhang L, Feng BL, Wang CY, Zhang Y, Lin P, Zhang YL, He NN, Wang DJ, Jiang LF, Ye HH. Prevalence and factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in community-dwelling older Chinese: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1137-1145. [PMID: 32301557 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A recently proposed pre-dementia syndrome, motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, and increases the risk of dementia and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. METHODS The Ningbo Community Study on Aging recruited 953 Chinese community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years from November 2016 to March 2017. Handgrip, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand (FTSS) test time and body composition, as well as comprehensive geriatric evaluation, were measured as potentially independent factors associated with MCR syndrome. RESULTS The prevalence of MCR syndrome was 12.8% in men and 12.6% in women, and high prevalence of MCR syndrome was not associated with age or sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis by sex showed that a 1-SD increase in FTSS test time in males and females was associated with 45% (95% confidence intervals, 19-76; P < 0.01) and 20% (95% confidence intervals, 9-33; P < 0.01) higher risk of having MCR syndrome, respectively, whereas handgrip strength was inversely correlated with MCR syndrome in males [odds ratio (OR), 0.91; P = 0.02] but not females (P = 0.06). Moreover, the relationship of arm fat mass and MCR syndrome was statistically significant in both sexes (OR, 1.69-1.77), but leg fat mass was only associated with MCR syndrome (OR, 1.56; P = 0.02) in men. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip, FTSS test time and body composition were associated in a sex-specific manner with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. Our results on MCR syndrome are novel and should be considered as important information in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - B L Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - P Lin
- Ximen Community Health Service Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - N N He
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - D J Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - L F Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - H H Ye
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
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Meiner Z, Ayers E, Verghese J. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: A Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Different Populations. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020; 24:3-14. [PMID: 32743316 PMCID: PMC7370775 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gait, especially decreased gait velocity, may be a harbinger of cognitive decline in aging. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre-dementia syndrome combining slow gait and cognitive complaints, is a powerful clinical tool used to identify older adults at a high risk of developing dementia. The mean prevalence of MCR worldwide, including in a Korean cohort, was around 10%. The reported risk factors for incident MCR include older age, low education, cardiovascular disease, obesity, physical inactivity, and depression. In addition to dementia, MCR is also a risk factor for other age-related adverse conditions such as falls, disability, frailty, and mortality. The use of MCR has advantages over other pre-dementia syndromes in being much simpler to implement and requires fewer resources. Identification of mechanisms responsible for MCR may help in developing interventions to reduce the growing burden of dementia and disability worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Meiner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hadassah Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Semba RD, Tian Q, Carlson MC, Xue QL, Ferrucci L. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Integration of two early harbingers of dementia in older adults. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101022. [PMID: 31996326 PMCID: PMC7697173 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is characterized by a long preclinical phase that may last years to decades before the onset of mild cognitive impairment. Slow gait speed and subjective memory complaint commonly co-occur during this preclinical phase, and each is a strong independent predictor of cognitive decline and dementia. Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia syndrome that combines these two early harbingers of dementia. The risk of cognitive decline or dementia is stronger for MCR than for either slow gait speed or subjective memory complaint alone. Slow gait speed and subjective memory complaint have several common risk factors: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, abnormal cortisol profiles, low vitamin D levels, brain atrophy with decreased hippocampal volume, and increased deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain. The underlying pathogenesis of MCR remains poorly understood. Metabolomics and proteomics have great potential to provide new insights into biological pathways involved in MCR during the long preclinical phase preceding dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Qu Tian
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle C Carlson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Departments of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome in a Chinese Older Adult Population: Prevalence and Associated Factors. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:136-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Beauchet O, Sekhon H, Schott AM, Rolland Y, Muir-Hunter S, Markle-Reid M, Gagne H, Allali G. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Risk for Falls, Their Recurrence, and Postfall Fractures: Results From a Prospective Observational Population-Based Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1268-1273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lau H, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S, Badrasawi M, Clark BC. Factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome among low-income older adults in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:462. [PMID: 31196017 PMCID: PMC6565538 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is characterized by slow gait and memory complaints that could be used to predict an increased risk of dementia. This study aims to determine the MCR syndrome and its risk factors among low-income (B40) older adults in Malaysia. Methods Data from TUA cohort study involving 1366 older adults (aged 60 years and above) categorized as low-income were analysed, for risk of MCR syndrome based on defined criteria. Chi-square analysis and independent t test were employed to examine differences in socioeconomic, demographic, chronic diseases and lifestyle factors between MCR and non-MCR groups. Risk factors of MCR syndrome were determined using hierarchical logistic regression. Results A total of 3.4% of participants fulfilled the criteria of MCR syndrome. Majority of them were female (74.5%, p = 0.001), single/widow/widower/divorced (55.3%, p = 0.002), living in rural area (72.3%, p = 0.011), older age (72.74 ± 7.08 year old, p < 0.001) and had lower years of education (3.26 ± 2.91 years, p = 0.001) than non-MCR group. After adjustment for age, gender and years of education, participants living in rural area (Adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.10–4.35, p = 0.026), with obesity (Adjusted OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.70–8.57, p = 0.001), diabetes (Adjusted OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.01–4.11, p = 0.046), heart disease (Adjusted OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.00–6.20, p = 0.049) and cancer (Adjusted OR = 6.57, 95% CI = 1.18–36.65, p = 0.032) were associated with increased risk of MCR syndrome. Conclusion Only 3.4% of older adults from low-income group were identified as having MCR syndrome. Women, those living in rural areas, had obesity, diabetes, heart disease and cancer were more likely to have MCR syndrome. Further investigation on MCR as a predementia syndrome will help in development of preventive strategies and interventions to reduce the growing burden of dementia, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Lau
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM KL Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Applied Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Smith PJ, Mabe S, Sherwood A, Babyak MA, Murali Doraiswamy P, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Kraus W, Burke J, Hinderliter A, Blumenthal JA. Association Between Insulin Resistance, Plasma Leptin, and Neurocognition in Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:921-929. [PMID: 31476159 PMCID: PMC10840083 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater body weight has been associated impairments in neurocognition and greater dementia risk, although the mechanisms linking weight and neurocognition have yet to be adequately delineated. OBJECTIVE To examine metabolic mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and neurocognition. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of weight, neurocognition, and the potentially mediating role of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers among 160 participants from the ENLIGHTEN trial of vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). Neurocognition was assessed using a 45-minute assessment battery assessing Executive Function, Verbal and Visual Memory. We considered three metabolic biomarkers: insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]), plasma leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein. Multiple regression analyses were used. RESULTS Participants included 160 sedentary older adults with CIND. Participants tended to be overweight or obese (mean BMI = 32.5 [SD = 4.8]). Women exhibited higher BMI (p = 0.043), CRP (p < 0.001), and leptin (p < 0.001) compared with men. Higher BMI levels were associated with worse performance on measures of Executive Function (β= -0.16, p = 0.024) and Verbal Memory (β= -0.16, p = 0.030), but not Visual Memory (β= 0.05, p = 0.500). Worse metabolic biomarker profiles also were associated with lower Executive Function (β= -0.12, p = 0.050). Mediation analyses suggested leptin was a plausible candidate as a mediator between BMI and Executive Function. CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese adults with vascular CIND, the association between greater weight and poorer executive function may be mediated by higher leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Mabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A. Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Burke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James A. Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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