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Shir D, Graff-Radford J, Fought AJ, Lesnick TG, Przybelski SA, Vassilaki M, Lowe VJ, Knopman DS, Machulda MM, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Mielke MM, Vemuri P. Complex relationships of socioeconomic status with vascular and Alzheimer's pathways on cognition. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103634. [PMID: 38909419 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AD and CVD, which frequently co-occur, are leading causes of age-related cognitive decline. We assessed how demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) as indicated by education and occupation, vascular risk factors, and a range of biomarkers associated with both CVD (including white matter hyperintensities [WMH], diffusion MRI abnormalities, infarctions, and microbleeds) and AD (comprising amyloid-PET and tau-PET) collectively influence cognitive function. METHODS In this cross-sectional population study, structural equation models were utilized to understand these associations in 449 participants (mean age (SD) = 74.5 (8.4) years; 56% male; 7.5% cognitively impaired). RESULTS (1) Higher SES had a protective effect on cognition with mediation through the vascular pathway. (2) The effect of amyloid directly on cognition and through tau was 11-fold larger than the indirect effect of amyloid on cognition through WMH. (3) There is a significant effect of vascular risk on tau deposition. DISCUSSION The utilized biomarkers captured the impact of CVD and AD on cognition. The overall effect of vascular risk and SES on these biomarkers are complex and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Shir
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Angela J Fought
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
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Stellpflug SJ, Dalrymple KA, Stone D, Southgate S, Bachman DS, LeFevere RC, Hasan J, Zwank MD. Impact of repeated sportive chokes on carotid intima media thickness and brain injury biomarkers in grappling athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38857060 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2366154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular neck compression techniques, referred to as 'chokes' in combat sports, reduce cerebral perfusion, causing loss of consciousness or voluntary submission by the choked athlete. Despite these chokes happening millions of times yearly around the world, there is scant research on their long-term effects. This pilot study evaluated whether repeated choking in submission grappling impacts the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and brain injury biomarkers (NFL, hGFAP, t-Tau, and UCH-L1). METHODS Participants (n = 39, 29 male; ages 27-60 years) were assigned to one of two study arms: Grapplers (n = 20, 15 male) and 19 age/sex/body size matched controls. Grapplers had been exposed to >500 choke events while training for >5 years in a choke-inclusive sport. Exclusion criteria were recent TBI or deficits from a past TBI or stroke. Bilateral ultrasound measurement of the CIMT was performed, and blood was collected for quantitative analysis of four brain injury markers. Subgroup analyses were performed within the Grappler group to account for blunt head trauma as a possible confounder. RESULTS There was no overall difference in CIMT measurements between Grapplers (mean 0.55 mm, SD 0.07) and Controls (mean 0.57 mm, SD 0.10) p = 0.498 [95% CI -0.04-0.08], nor were there CIMT differences between Grappler subgroups of blunt Trauma and No-Trauma. There were no significant differences in any biomarkers comparing Grapplers and Controls or comparing Grappler subgroups of Trauma and No-Trauma. CONCLUSION This study found no significant difference in CIMT and serum brain injury biomarkers between controls and grapplers with extensive transient choke experience, nor between grapplers with extensive past blunt head trauma and those without.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Stone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Southgate
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - David S Bachman
- Critical Care Research Center, HealthPartners, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert C LeFevere
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jaan Hasan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Zwank
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Han SL, Ou YN, Han BL, Guo HH, Chi HC, Huang YM, Wang HF, Tan L. Total Tau Protein Mediates the Association of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease with Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1133-1143. [PMID: 38578896 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke demonstrate an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) may interact with the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) biomarkers to promote dementia. However, the precise pathological mechanisms remain to be fully characterized. Objective To elucidate the interrelationships among ICVD, ATN biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cognition. Methods A total of 2524 participants were recruited from the CABLE study. ICVD referred to TIA/ischemic stroke. Cognitive performance was assessed by China Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (CM-MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-b (MoCA-b). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of ICVD with CSF ATN biomarkers and cognition. Causal mediation analyses were used to identify whether the association was mediated by ATN biomarkers. Results ICVD was associated with higher total-tau (t-tau) (p = 2.828×10-2) and poorer cognition (CM-MMSE: p = 1.539×10-5, MoCA-b: p = 4.552×10-6). Additionally, no discernible correlation surfaced between ICVD and amyloid-β (Aβ) 42 (p = 6.910×10-1) or phosphorylated tau (p-tau) (p = 4.324×10-1). The influence of ICVD on cognitive function was partially mediated by CSF t-tau (CM-MMSE: proportion: 2.74%, MoCA-b: proportion: 2.51%). Subgroup analyses revealed the influences of t-tau were especially evident in male (CM-MMSE: proportion: 5.45%, MoCA-b: proportion: 5.38%) and mid-life group (CM-MMSE: proportion: 9.83%, MoCA-b: proportion: 5.31%). Conclusions These results delineated t-tau as a potential mediator for the influence of ICVD on cognition. Targeting brain ischemia and alleviating neuronal injury induced by ischemia may be a promising approach for preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Ling Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Lin Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Hua Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao-Chen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
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Baranovicova E, Kalenska D, Kaplan P, Kovalska M, Tatarkova Z, Lehotsky J. Blood and Brain Metabolites after Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17302. [PMID: 38139131 PMCID: PMC10743907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of an organism's response to cerebral ischemia at different levels is essential to understanding the mechanism of the injury and protection. A great interest is devoted to finding the links between quantitative metabolic changes and post-ischemic damage. This work aims to summarize the outcomes of the most studied metabolites in brain tissue-lactate, glutamine, GABA (4-aminobutyric acid), glutamate, and NAA (N-acetyl aspartate)-regarding their biological function in physiological conditions and their role after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We focused on ischemic damage and post-ischemic recovery in both experimental-including our results-as well as clinical studies. We discuss the role of blood glucose in view of the diverse impact of hyperglycemia, whether experimentally induced, caused by insulin resistance, or developed as a stress response to the cerebral ischemic event. Additionally, based on our and other studies, we analyze and critically discuss post-ischemic alterations in energy metabolites and the elevation of blood ketone bodies observed in the studies on rodents. To complete the schema, we discuss alterations in blood plasma circulating amino acids after cerebral ischemia. So far, no fundamental brain or blood metabolite(s) has been recognized as a relevant biological marker with the feasibility to determine the post-ischemic outcome or extent of ischemic damage. However, studies from our group on rats subjected to protective ischemic preconditioning showed that these animals did not develop post-ischemic hyperglycemia and manifested a decreased metabolic infringement and faster metabolomic recovery. The metabolomic approach is an additional tool for understanding damaging and/or restorative processes within the affected brain region reflected in the blood to uncover the response of the whole organism via interorgan metabolic communications to the stressful cerebral ischemic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
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Xu S, Li S, Yan Z, Wang Y, Zhang L. Development and Validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of a Novel PYGB Inhibitor in Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6995. [PMID: 37836837 PMCID: PMC10574475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we reported compound 1 (5-chloro-N-(4-oxo-2,2-dipropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) as a novel PYGB inhibitor, and found that it had better anti-ischemic brain injury activity. In this study, we established and validated a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of compound 1 in plasma, then applied the method to study the pharmacokinetic parameters and brain tissue distribution of compound 1 in SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats after intravenous administration. The experimental results showed that the method met the validation requirements set by the US FDA in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The validated method was then used for pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma, and it was found that compound 1 exhibited linear pharmacokinetic characteristics when administered in the dose range of 0.8-3.2 mg/kg. Finally, we also conducted a brief preliminary investigation of the brain tissue distribution of compound 1 in rats after injection and found that the brain tissue concentrations at 0.25 h and 2 h of administration were 440 ± 19.1 ng/kg and 111 ± 23.9 ng/kg, respectively. Additionally, the CBrain/CPlasma ratio was 0.112 ± 0.0185 and 0.112 ± 0.0292, respectively. These results indicated that compound 1 was able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This study provides important support for the application of compound 1 in ischemic brain injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liying Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China; (S.X.); (S.L.); (Z.Y.)
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Brunelli S, Giannella E, Bizzaglia M, De Angelis D, Sancesario GM. Secondary neurodegeneration following Stroke: what can blood biomarkers tell us? Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198216. [PMID: 37719764 PMCID: PMC10502514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and the primary source of disability in adults, resulting in neuronal necrosis of ischemic areas, and in possible secondary degeneration of regions surrounding or distant to the initial damaged area. Secondary neurodegeneration (SNDG) following stroke has been shown to have different pathogenetic origins including inflammation, neurovascular response and cytotoxicity, but can be associated also to regenerative processes. Aside from focal neuronal loss, ipsilateral and contralateral effects distal to the lesion site, disruptions of global functional connectivity and a transcallosal diaschisis have been reported in the chronic stages after stroke. Furthermore, SNDG can be observed in different areas not directly connected to the primary lesion, such as thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus, which can be highlighted by neuroimaging techniques. Although the clinical relevance of SNDG following stroke has not been well understood, the identification of specific biomarkers that reflect the brain response to the damage, is of paramount importance to investigate in vivo the different phases of stroke. Actually, brain-derived markers, particularly neurofilament light chain, tau protein, S100b, in post-stroke patients have yielded promising results. This review focuses on cerebral morphological modifications occurring after a stroke, on associated cellular and molecular changes and on state-of-the-art of biomarkers in acute and chronic phase. Finally, we discuss new perspectives regarding the implementation of blood-based biomarkers in clinical practice to improve the rehabilitation approaches and post stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Brunelli
- NeuroRehabilitation Unit 4, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Giannella
- Clinical Neurochemistry Unit and Biobank, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Bizzaglia
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Huang Y, Wang Z, Huang ZX, Liu Z. Biomarkers and the outcomes of ischemic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1171101. [PMID: 37342100 PMCID: PMC10277488 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are measurable substances that could be used as objective indicators for disease diagnosis, responses to treatments, and outcomes predictions. In this review, we summarized the data on a number of important biomarkers including glutamate, S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, von willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, activated protein C, copeptin, neuron-specific enolase, tau protein, gamma aminobutyric acid, blood glucose, endothelial progenitor cells, and circulating CD34-positive cells that could be potentially used to indicate the disease burden and/or predict clinical outcome of ischemic stroke. We examined the relationship between specific biomarkers and disease burden and outcomes and discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The clinical significance and implications of these biomarkers were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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8
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Mehta SL, Kim T, Chelluboina B, Vemuganti R. Tau and GSK-3β are Critical Contributors to α-Synuclein-Mediated Post-Stroke Brain Damage. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:94-101. [PMID: 36447045 PMCID: PMC10249510 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke secondary brain damage is significantly influenced by the induction and accumulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). α-Syn-positive inclusions are often present in tauopathies and elevated tau levels and phosphorylation promotes neurodegeneration. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a known promoter of tau phosphorylation. We currently evaluated the interaction of α-Syn with GSK-3β and tau in post-ischemic mouse brain. Transient focal ischemia led to increased cerebral protein-protein interaction of α-Syn with both GSK-3β and tau and elevated tau phosphorylation. Treatment with a GSK-3β inhibitor prevented post-ischemic tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, α-Syn interaction was observed to be crucial for post-ischemic GSK-3β-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation as it was not seen in α-Syn knockout mice. Moreover, tau knockout mice show significantly smaller brain damage after transient focal ischemia. Overall, the present study indicates that GSK-3β catalyzes the α-Syn-dependent tau phosphorylation and preventing this interaction is crucial to limit post-ischemic secondary brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - TaeHee Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Loftus JR, Puri S, Meyers SP. Multimodality imaging of neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on multiparametric magnetic resonance and molecular imaging. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 36645560 PMCID: PMC9842851 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases afflict a large number of persons worldwide, with the prevalence and incidence of dementia rapidly increasing. Despite their prevalence, clinical diagnosis of dementia syndromes remains imperfect with limited specificity. Conventional structural-based imaging techniques also lack the accuracy necessary for confident diagnosis. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging provide the promise of improving specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease as well as therapeutic monitoring of monoclonal antibody therapy. This educational review will briefly focus on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathologic findings of common and uncommon neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging features of each disease spanning from conventional magnetic resonance sequences to advanced multiparametric methods such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling imaging will be described in detail. Additionally, the review will explore the findings of each diagnosis on molecular imaging including single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography with a variety of clinically used and experimental radiotracers. The literature and clinical cases provided demonstrate the power of advanced magnetic resonance imaging and molecular techniques in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and areas of future and ongoing research. With the advent of combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scanners, hybrid protocols utilizing both techniques are an attractive option for improving the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ryan Loftus
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Savita Puri
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Steven P. Meyers
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Pluta R, Jabłoński M, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Crosstalk between the aging intestinal microflora and the brain in ischemic stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:998049. [PMID: 36275012 PMCID: PMC9582537 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.998049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable phenomenon experienced by animals and humans, and its intensity varies from one individual to another. Aging has been identified as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders by influencing the composition of the gut microbiota, microglia activity and cognitive performance. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a two-way communication path between the gut microbes and the host brain. The aging intestinal microbiota communicates with the brain through secreted metabolites (neurotransmitters), and this phenomenon leads to the destruction of neuronal cells. Numerous external factors, such as living conditions and internal factors related to the age of the host, affect the condition of the intestinal microflora in the form of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is defined as changes in the composition and function of the gut microflora that affect the pathogenesis, progress, and response to treatment of a disease entity. Dysbiosis occurs when changes in the composition and function of the microbiota exceed the ability of the microflora and its host to restore equilibrium. Dysbiosis leading to dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis regulates the development and functioning of the host’s nervous, immune, and metabolic systems. Dysbiosis, which causes disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, is seen with age and with the onset of stroke, and is closely related to the development of risk factors for stroke. The review presents and summarizes the basic elements of the microbiota-gut-brain axis to better understand age-related changes in signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its dysfunction after stroke. We focused on the relationship between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and aging, emphasizing that all elements of the microbiota-gut-brain axis are subject to age-related changes. We also discuss the interaction between microbiota, microglia and neurons in the aged individuals in the brain after ischemic stroke. Finally, we presented preclinical and clinical studies on the role of the aged microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of risk factors for stroke and changes in the post-stroke microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ryszard Pluta,
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Alzheimer's Disease Connected Genes in the Post-Ischemic Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061059. [PMID: 35741821 PMCID: PMC9222545 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that brain ischemia can be causative connected to Alzheimer’s disease. In the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and temporal cortex, genes related to Alzheimer’s disease, such as the amyloid protein precursor (APP), β-secretase (BACE1), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and 2 (PSEN2), are deregulated by ischemia. The pattern of change in the CA1 area of the hippocampus covers all genes tested, and the changes occur at all post-ischemic times. In contrast, the pattern of gene changes in the CA3 subfield is much less intense, does not occur at all post-ischemic times, and is delayed in time post-ischemia relative to the CA1 field. Conversely, the pattern of gene alterations in the temporal cortex appears immediately after ischemia, and does not occur at all post-ischemic times and does not affect all genes. Evidence therefore suggests that various forms of dysregulation of the APP, BACE1 and PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes are associated with individual neuronal cell responses in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and temporal cortex with reversible cerebral ischemia. Scientific data indicate that an ischemic episode of the brain is a trigger of amyloidogenic processes. From the information provided, it appears that post-ischemic brain injury additionally activates neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex in an amyloid-dependent manner.
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12
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Molecular Hydrogen Neuroprotection in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration in the Form of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential for Clinical Implementation-Fantasy or Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126591. [PMID: 35743035 PMCID: PMC9224395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lot of public interest in naturally occurring substances with medicinal properties that are minimally toxic, readily available and have an impact on health. Over the past decade, molecular hydrogen has gained the attention of both preclinical and clinical researchers. The death of pyramidal neurons in especially the CA1 area of the hippocampus, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, amyloid accumulation, tau protein dysfunction, brain atrophy, cognitive deficits and dementia are considered an integral part of the phenomena occurring during brain neurodegeneration after ischemia. This review focuses on assessing the current state of knowledge about the neuroprotective effects of molecular hydrogen following ischemic brain injury. Recent studies in animal models of focal or global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia in humans suggest that hydrogen has pleiotropic neuroprotective properties. One potential mechanism explaining some of the general health benefits of using hydrogen is that it may prevent aging-related changes in cellular proteins such as amyloid and tau protein. We also present evidence that, following ischemia, hydrogen improves cognitive and neurological deficits and prevents or delays the onset of neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The available evidence suggests that molecular hydrogen has neuroprotective properties and may be a new therapeutic agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia with progressive dementia. We also present the experimental and clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of hydrogen use after cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic benefits of gas therapy open up new promising directions in breaking the translational barrier in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Kang JB, Shah MA, Park DJ, Koh PO. Retinoic acid regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:13. [PMID: 35562751 PMCID: PMC9102573 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid is a major metabolite of vitamin A and exerts beneficial effects including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in neurons. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is an important biological system that regulates cell survival. Ubiquitination regulates protein degradation and plays an important role in oxidative stress. Deubiquitinating enzymes cleave ubiquitin from proteins and control ubiquitination-induced degradation. We detected decreases in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1, and proteasome subunit alpha types 1 and 3 in cerebral ischemic damage. In this study, we investigated whether retinoic acid regulates the expression of deubiquitinating enzymes ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1, and proteasome subunit alpha types 1 and 3 in cerebral ischemic injury. Right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce cerebral ischemic damage in male rats. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally injected every day from 4 days before surgery. Neurological behavioral tests were performed 24 h after MCAO, and right cerebral cortical tissues were collected. Results MCAO damage caused neurological behavioral dysfunction, and retinoic acid alleviated these deficits. The identified proteins decreased in MCAO animals with vehicle, while retinoic acid treatment attenuated these decreases. The results of proteomic study were confirmed by a reverse transcription-PCR technique. Expressions of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1, and proteasome subunit alpha types 1 and 3 were decreased in MCAO animals treated with vehicle. Retinoic acid treatment alleviated these MCAO-induced reductions. The ubiquitin–proteasome system plays an essential role in maintaining cell function and preserving cell shape against ischemic damage. Conclusions These findings suggest that retinoic acid regulates ubiquitin- and proteasome-related proteins including ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1, and proteasome subunit alpha types 1 and 3 in a brain ischemia model. Changes in these proteins are involved in the neuroprotective effects of retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Murad-Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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14
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Effects of SRC and IKKβ Kinase Inhibition in Ischemic Factors Modeling In Vitro and In Vivo. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The search for new molecular targets whose modulation can reduce nerve cell dysfunction and neuronal death during ischemic damage is one of the most significant issues in both fundamental and clinical neurobiology. Various kinase enzymes are often considered to be such promising targets since they are involved in key molecular cascades that regulate cell adaptation to stress factors. Our work is devoted to the study of the role of two kinases—SRC and IKKβ—in maintaining the neural networks’ functional activity under a hypoxic condition in vivo and in vitro. SRC kinase is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase. It is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation; its expression in nerve cells changes during hypoxia. IKKβ kinase is involved in the regulation of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, which is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular signaling pathways. We have shown that blockade of SRC and IKKβ kinases by selective inhibitors maintains cell viability in modeling hypoxic damage in vitro but does not allow for the preservation of the bioelectrical activity of neurons. Studies in vivo have shown the neuroprotective effect of SRC but not IKKβ kinase inhibition in the modeling of cerebral ischemia in mice.
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Humaloja J, Ashton NJ, Skrifvars MB. Brain Injury Biomarkers for Predicting Outcome After Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care 2022; 26:81. [PMID: 35337359 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2022. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2022 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Humaloja
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Gutiérrez‑Vargas J, Castro‑Álvarez J, Zapata‑Berruecos J, Abdul‑Rahim K, Arteaga‑Noriega A. Neurodegeneration and convergent factors contributing to the deterioration of the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis (Review). Biomed Rep 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 35251614 PMCID: PMC8889542 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is the main intracellular structure that determines the morphology of neurons and maintains their integrity. Therefore, disruption of its structure and function may underlie several neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the tau protein, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilaments as common denominators in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebral ischemia, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Insights obtained from experimental models using biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques highlight that changes in these proteins may be potentially used as protein targets in clinical settings, which provides novel opportunities for the detection, monitoring and treatment of patients with these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Gutiérrez‑Vargas
- Neuroscience and Aging Group (GISAM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Life Sciences Laboratory, Remington University Corporation, Medellín 050023, Colombia
| | - John Castro‑Álvarez
- Neuroscience and Aging Group (GISAM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Life Sciences Laboratory, Remington University Corporation, Medellín 050023, Colombia
| | - Jose Zapata‑Berruecos
- INDEC‑CES Research Group, Neurological Institute of Colombia, Medellín 050023, Colombia
| | | | - Anibal Arteaga‑Noriega
- Family and Community Health Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Life Sciences Laboratory, Remington University Corporation, Medellín 050023, Colombia
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Intraarterial anti-leptin therapy via ICA protects ipsilateral CA1 neurons subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261644. [PMID: 35015765 PMCID: PMC8752009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain reperfusion following an ischemic event is essential for tissue viability, however, it also involves processes that promote neuronal cell death. We have recently shown that local expression of the hormone leptin in cardiovascular organs drives deleterious remodeling. As cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lesions derive expression of both the leptin hormone and its receptor, we hypothesized that blocking leptin activity in the injured brain area will reduce the deleterious effects of IR injury. Methods C57BL6 male mice underwent bilateral common carotid artery and external carotid artery ligation. The right hemisphere was reperfused after 12 minutes, followed by intraarterial injection of either a low-dose leptin antagonist or saline solution via the ipsilateral ICA. The left common carotid artery remained ligated. Fifteen IR/leptin antagonist-injected and fourteen IR/saline-injected mice completed the experiment. Five days after surgery brains were collected and samples of the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed for cell viability (H&E) and apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase3), for neuroinflammation (Iba1), and for signaling pathways of pSTAT3 and pSmad2. Results The right hemisphere hippocampal CA1 region subjected to IR and saline injection exhibited increased apoptosis and necrosis of pyramidal cells. Also, increased density of activated microglia/macrophages was evident around the CA1 region. Comparatively, leptin antagonist treatment at reperfusion reduced apoptosis and necrosis of pyramidal cells, as indicated by increased number of viable cells (p < 0.01), and reduced TUNEL (p < 0.001) and caspase3-positive cells (p<0.05). Furthermore, this treatment reduced the density of activated microglia/macrophages (p < 0.001) in the CA1 region. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that while pSTAT3 and pSmad2-positive cells were found surrounding the stratum pyramidal in saline-treated animals, pSTAT3 signal was undetected and pSmad2 was greatly reduced in this territory following leptin antagonist treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusions Inhibition of leptin activity in hemispheric IR injury preserved the viability of ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 neurons, likely by preventing apoptosis and local inflammation. These results indicate that intraarterial anti-leptin therapy may have clinical potential in reducing hemispheric brain IR injury.
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Pluta R, Furmaga-Jabłońska W, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration in the Form of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Possible Therapeutic Role of Curcumin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020248. [PMID: 35057429 PMCID: PMC8779038 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, mankind has been using plant extracts or plants themselves as medicinal herbs. Currently, there is a great deal of public interest in naturally occurring medicinal substances that are virtually non-toxic, readily available, and have an impact on well-being and health. It has been noted that dietary curcumin is one of the regulators that may positively influence changes in the brain after ischemia. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound with pleiotropic biological properties. The observed death of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and its atrophy are considered to be typical changes for post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration and for Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, it has been shown that one of the potential mechanisms of severe neuronal death is the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid and dysfunctional tau protein after cerebral ischemia. Post-ischemic studies of human and animal brains have shown the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The significant therapeutic feature of curcumin is that it can affect the aging-related cellular proteins, i.e., amyloid and tau protein, preventing their aggregation and insolubility after ischemia. Curcumin also decreases the neurotoxicity of amyloid and tau protein by affecting their structure. Studies in animal models of cerebral ischemia have shown that curcumin reduces infarct volume, brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, glutamate neurotoxicity, inhibits autophagy and oxidative stress, and improves neurological and behavioral deficits. The available data suggest that curcumin may be a new therapeutic substance in both regenerative medicine and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as post-ischemic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540
| | - Wanda Furmaga-Jabłońska
- Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Stuckey SM, Ong LK, Collins-Praino LE, Turner RJ. Neuroinflammation as a Key Driver of Secondary Neurodegeneration Following Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313101. [PMID: 34884906 PMCID: PMC8658328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke involves the rapid onset of focal neurological dysfunction, most commonly due to an arterial blockage in a specific region of the brain. Stroke is a leading cause of death and common cause of disability, with over 17 million people worldwide suffering from a stroke each year. It is now well-documented that neuroinflammation and immune mediators play a key role in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing, not only in the infarct core but also in distal regions. Importantly, in these distal regions, termed sites of secondary neurodegeneration (SND), spikes in neuroinflammation may be seen sometime after the initial stroke onset, but prior to the presence of the neuronal tissue damage within these regions. However, it is key to acknowledge that, despite the mounting information describing neuroinflammation following ischaemic stroke, the exact mechanisms whereby inflammatory cells and their mediators drive stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. As a result, current anti-inflammatory treatments have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. In this review we discuss the complexities of post-stroke neuroinflammation, specifically how it affects neuronal tissue and post-stroke outcome acutely, chronically, and in sites of SND. We then discuss current and previously assessed anti-inflammatory therapies, with a particular focus on how failed anti-inflammatories may be repurposed to target SND-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Renée J. Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-3114
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20
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GFAp and tau protein as predictors of neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A post hoc analysis of the COMACARE trial. Resuscitation 2021; 170:141-149. [PMID: 34863908 PMCID: PMC8786666 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To determine the ability of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) and tau protein to predict neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods We measured plasma concentrations of GFAp and tau of patients included in the previously published COMACARE trial (NCT02698917) on intensive care unit admission and at 24, 48, and 72 h after OHCA, and compared them to neuron specific enolase (NSE). NSE concentrations were determined already during the original trial. We defined unfavourable outcome as a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of 3–5 six months after OHCA. We determined the prognostic accuracy of GFAp and tau using the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUROC). Results Overall, 39/112 (35%) patients had unfavourable outcomes. Over time, both markers were evidently higher in the unfavourable outcome group (p < 0.001). At 48 h, the median (interquartile range) GFAp concentration was 1514 (886–4995) in the unfavourable versus 238 (135–463) pg/ml in the favourable outcome group (p < 0.001). The corresponding tau concentrations were 99.6 (14.5–352) and 3.0 (2.2–4.8) pg/ml (p < 0.001). AUROCs at 48 and 72 h were 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.85–0.97) and 0.91 (0.85–0.96) for GFAp and 0.93 (0.86–0.99) and 0.95 (0.89–1.00) for tau. Corresponding AUROCs for NSE were 0.86 (0.79–0.94) and 0.90 (0.82–0.97). The difference between the prognostic accuracies of GFAp or tau and NSE were not statistically significant. Conclusions At 48 and 72 h, serum both GFAp and tau demonstrated excellent accuracy in predicting outcomes after OHCA but were not superior to NSE. Clinical trial registration NCT02698917 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02698917).
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21
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Sexton C, Snyder H, Beher D, Boxer AL, Brannelly P, Brion JP, Buée L, Cacace AM, Chételat G, Citron M, DeVos SL, Diaz K, Feldman HH, Frost B, Goate AM, Gold M, Hyman B, Johnson K, Karch CM, Kerwin DR, Koroshetz WJ, Litvan I, Morris HR, Mummery CJ, Mutamba J, Patterson MC, Quiroz YT, Rabinovici GD, Rommel A, Shulman MB, Toledo-Sherman LM, Weninger S, Wildsmith KR, Worley SL, Carrillo MC. Current directions in tau research: Highlights from Tau 2020. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:988-1007. [PMID: 34581500 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Studies supporting a strong association between tau deposition and neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline have heightened the allure of tau and tau-related mechanisms as therapeutic targets. In February 2020, leading tau experts from around the world convened for the first-ever Tau2020 Global Conference in Washington, DC, co-organized and cosponsored by the Rainwater Charitable Foundation, the Alzheimer's Association, and CurePSP. Representing academia, industry, government, and the philanthropic sector, presenters and attendees discussed recent advances and current directions in tau research. The meeting provided a unique opportunity to move tau research forward by fostering global partnerships among academia, industry, and other stakeholders and by providing support for new drug discovery programs, groundbreaking research, and emerging tau researchers. The meeting also provided an opportunity for experts to present critical research-advancing tools and insights that are now rapidly accelerating the pace of tau research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pat Brannelly
- Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative, Kirkland, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Place de Verdun, Lille, France
| | | | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Martin Citron
- Neuroscience TA, Braine l'Alleud, UCB Biopharma, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah L DeVos
- Translational Sciences, Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Howard H Feldman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Gold
- AbbVie, Neurosciences Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana R Kerwin
- Kerwin Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Walter J Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc C Patterson
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amy Rommel
- Tau Consortium, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie B Shulman
- Neurodegeneration Development Unit, Biogen, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan L Worley
- Independent science writer, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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Pluta R, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Jabłoński M. The Many Faces of Post-Ischemic Tau Protein in Brain Neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer's Disease Type. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092213. [PMID: 34571862 PMCID: PMC8465797 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration in humans and animals is associated with the modified tau protein in a manner typical of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. Pathological changes in the tau protein, at the gene and protein level due to cerebral ischemia, can lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-type neuropathology and dementia. Some studies have shown increased tau protein staining and gene expression in neurons following ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Recent studies have found the tau protein to be associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired neuronal function. In this review, we discuss the interrelationship of these phenomena with post-ischemic changes in the tau protein in the brain. The tau protein may be at the intersection of many pathological mechanisms due to severe neuropathological changes in the brain following ischemia. The data indicate that an episode of cerebral ischemia activates the damage and death of neurons in the hippocampus in a tau protein-dependent manner, thus determining a novel and important mechanism for the survival and/or death of neuronal cells following ischemia. In this review, we update our understanding of proteomic and genomic changes in the tau protein in post-ischemic brain injury and present the relationship between the modified tau protein and post-ischemic neuropathology and present a positive correlation between the modified tau protein and a post-ischemic neuropathology that has characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease-type neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Str. Pawińskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540
| | - Stanisław J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Str. Jaczewskiego, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Str. Pawińskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Str. Jaczewskiego, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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24
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Qiu C, Albayram O, Kondo A, Wang B, Kim N, Arai K, Tsai CY, Bassal MA, Herbert MK, Washida K, Angeli P, Kozono S, Stucky JE, Baxley S, Lin YM, Sun Y, Rotenberg A, Caldarone BJ, Bigio EH, Chen X, Tenen DG, Zeidel M, Lo EH, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Cis P-tau underlies vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and can be effectively targeted by immunotherapy in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/596/eaaz7615. [PMID: 34078745 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and treatments are not fully understood. Cis P-tau is an early driver of neurodegeneration resulting from traumatic brain injury, but its role in VCID remains unclear. Here, we found robust cis P-tau despite no tau tangles in patients with VCID and in mice modeling key aspects of clinical VCID, likely because of the inhibition of its isomerase Pin1 by DAPK1. Elimination of cis P-tau in VCID mice using cis-targeted immunotherapy, brain-specific Pin1 overexpression, or DAPK1 knockout effectively rescues VCID-like neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in executive function. Cis mAb also prevents and ameliorates progression of AD-like neurodegeneration and memory loss in mice. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that young VCID mice display diverse cortical cell type-specific transcriptomic changes resembling old patients with AD, and the vast majority of these global changes were recovered by cis-targeted immunotherapy. Moreover, purified soluble cis P-tau was sufficient to induce progressive neurodegeneration and brain dysfunction by causing axonopathy and conserved transcriptomic signature found in VCID mice and patients with AD with early pathology. Thus, cis P-tau might play a major role in mediating VCID and AD, and antibody targeting it may be useful for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia after neurovascular insults and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Onder Albayram
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kazuo Washida
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Angeli
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph E Stucky
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sean Baxley
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Zeidel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Ma Y, Blacker D, Viswanathan A, van Veluw SJ, Bos D, Vernooij MW, Hyman BT, Tzourio C, Das S, Hofman A. Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability, Neuropathology, and Cognitive Decline. Neurology 2021; 96:e2812-e2823. [PMID: 33903194 PMCID: PMC8205457 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability has been proposed as a novel risk factor for dementia above and beyond SBP levels, but the underlying neuropathology is largely unknown. We investigated the relationship among visit-to-visit SBP variability, cognitive deterioration, and underlying neuropathologic changes. METHODS We used longitudinal data (between 2005 and 2019) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. A total of 13,284 dementia-free participants ≥50 years of age were followed up over a median of 5.0 (interquartile range 3.1-7.6) years. Neuropathology data were available in 1,400 autopsied participants. Visit-to-visit SBP variability was quantified from repeated annual SBP measurements. Cognitive deterioration was defined as conversion from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia or from MCI to dementia. RESULTS Larger visit-to-visit SBP variability was associated with cognitive deterioration (adjusted odds ratio comparing extreme quintiles 2.64, 95% confidence interval 2.29-3.04, p < 0.001). It was also associated with a higher burden of vascular pathology (including microinfarcts, white matter lesions, atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis, and arteriolosclerosis) and with neurofibrillary tangle pathology assessed by Braak staging (all p < 0.05). The association with cognitive deterioration and vascular pathology appeared stronger among those with normal cognition vs those with MCI at baseline. These findings were observed after adjustment for age, sex, mean SBP, and other confounding variables. Similar results were observed for diastolic blood pressure variability. CONCLUSION Larger visit-to-visit SBP variability was associated with cognitive deterioration. It was also associated with cerebrovascular pathology and neurofibrillary tangles. These results suggest the intertwined role of vascular and Alzheimer disease pathology in the etiology of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- From the Department of Epidemiology (Y.M., D. Blacker, A.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Departments of Neurology (Y.M., A.V., S.J.v.V., B.T.H., S.D.) and Psychiatry (D. Blacker), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Departments of Epidemiology (D. Bos, M.W.V., A.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D. Bos, M.W.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and University of Bordeaux (C.T.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, France.
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26
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He JT, Zhao X, Xu L, Mao CY. Vascular Risk Factors and Alzheimer's Disease: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Metabolic Syndromes, and Molecular Links. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:39-58. [PMID: 31815697 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cortical and hippocampal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive impairment. Studies indicate a prominent link between cerebrovascular abnormalities and the onset and progression of AD, where blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and metabolic disorders play key risk factors. Pericyte degeneration, endothelial cell damage, astrocyte depolarization, diminished tight junction integrity, and basement membrane disarray trigger BBB damage. Subsequently, the altered expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products at the microvascular endothelial cells dysregulate Aβ transport across the BBB. White matter lesions and microhemorrhages, dyslipidemia, altered brain insulin signaling, and insulin resistance contribute to tau and Aβ pathogenesis, and oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and hypoperfusion serve as mechanistic links between pathophysiological features of AD and ischemia. Deregulated calcium homeostasis, voltage gated calcium channel functioning, and protein kinase C signaling are also common mechanisms for both AD pathogenesis and cerebrovascular abnormalities. Additionally, APOE polymorphic alleles that characterize impaired cerebrovascular integrity function as primary genetic determinants of AD. Overall, the current review enlightens key vascular risk factors for AD and underscores pathophysiologic relationship between AD and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cui-Ying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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27
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Disbrow E, Stokes KY, Ledbetter C, Patterson J, Kelley R, Pardue S, Reekes T, Larmeu L, Batra V, Yuan S, Cvek U, Trutschl M, Kilgore P, Alexander JS, Kevil CG. Plasma hydrogen sulfide: A biomarker of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1391-1402. [PMID: 33710769 PMCID: PMC8451930 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While heart disease remains a common cause of mortality, cerebrovascular disease also increases with age, and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We have described hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling molecule important in vascular homeostasis, as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that plasma H2S and its metabolites also relate to vascular and cognitive dysfunction in ADRD. We used analytical biochemical methods to measure plasma H2S metabolites and MRI to evaluate indicators of microvascular disease in ADRD. Levels of total H2S and specific metabolites were increased in ADRD versus controls. Cognition and microvascular disease indices were correlated with H2S levels. Total plasma sulfide was the strongest indicator of ADRD, and partially drove the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and white matter lesion volume, an indicator of microvascular disease. Our findings show that H2S is dysregulated in dementia, providing a potential biomarker for diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Disbrow
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karen Y Stokes
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christina Ledbetter
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - James Patterson
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Roger Kelley
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tyler Reekes
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lana Larmeu
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vinita Batra
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Urska Cvek
- Dept. of Computer Science, Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Informatics, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marjan Trutschl
- Dept. of Computer Science, Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Informatics, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Phillip Kilgore
- Dept. of Computer Science, Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Informatics, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Center for Brain Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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28
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Participation of Amyloid and Tau Protein in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration of the Hippocampus of a Nature Identical to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052460. [PMID: 33671097 PMCID: PMC7957532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that amyloid and tau protein are of vital importance in post-ischemic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In this review, we summarize protein alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after cerebral ischemia, as well as their roles in post-ischemic hippocampus neurodegeneration. In recent years, multiple studies aimed to elucidate the post-ischemic processes in the development of hippocampus neurodegeneration. Their findings have revealed the dysregulation of genes for amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2, tau protein, autophagy, mitophagy, and apoptosis identical in nature to Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we present the latest data showing that amyloid and tau protein associated with Alzheimer's disease and their genes play a key role in post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the hippocampus with subsequent development of dementia. Therefore, understanding the underlying process for the development of post-ischemic CA1 area neurodegeneration in the hippocampus in conjunction with Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and genes will provide the most important therapeutic development goals to date.
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29
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Pluta R, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Myricetin as a Promising Molecule for the Treatment of Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020342. [PMID: 33498897 PMCID: PMC7911478 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The available drug therapy for post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the brain is symptomatic. This review provides an evaluation of possible dietary therapy for post-ischemic neurodegeneration with myricetin. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of what scientists have done regarding the benefits of myricetin in post-ischemic neurodegeneration. The data in this article contribute to a better understanding of the potential benefits of myricetin in the treatment of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration, and inform physicians, scientists and patients, as well as their caregivers, about treatment options. Due to the pleiotropic properties of myricetin, including anti-amyloid, anti-phosphorylation of tau protein, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and autophagous, as well as increasing acetylcholine, myricetin is a promising candidate for treatment after ischemia brain neurodegeneration with full-blown dementia. In this way, it may gain interest as a potential substance for the prophylaxis of the development of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration. It is a safe substance, commercially available, inexpensive and registered as a pro-health product in the US and Europe. Taken together, the evidence available in the review on the therapeutic potential of myricetin provides helpful insight into the potential clinical utility of myricetin in treating neurodegenerative disorders with full-blown dementia. Therefore, myricetin may be a promising complementary agent in the future against the development of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration. Indeed, there is a scientific rationale for the use of myricetin in the prevention and treatment of brain neurodegeneration caused by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540/6086-469
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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30
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Albrecht D, Isenberg AL, Stradford J, Monreal T, Sagare A, Pachicano M, Sweeney M, Toga A, Zlokovic B, Chui H, Joe E, Schneider L, Conti P, Jann K, Pa J. Associations between Vascular Function and Tau PET Are Associated with Global Cognition and Amyloid. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8573-8586. [PMID: 33046556 PMCID: PMC7605425 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1230-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology and vascular dysfunction are important contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but vascular-tau associations and their effects on cognition are poorly understood. We investigated these associations in male and female humans by conducting voxelwise comparisons between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) images in independent discovery [cognitively normal (CN), 19; mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk, 43; MCI, 6] and replication (CN,73; MCI, 45; AD, 20) cohorts. In a subgroup, we assessed relationships between tau and soluble platelet-derived growth factor β (sPDGFRβ), a CSF marker of pericyte injury. We tested whether CBF/sPDGFRβ-tau relationships differed based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) global cognition performance, or based on amyloid burden. Mediation analyses assessed relationships among CBF/sPDGFRβ, tau, and cognition. Negative CBF-tau correlations were observed predominantly in temporal-parietal regions. In the replication cohort, early negative CBF-tau correlations increased in spatial extent and in strength of correlation with increased disease severity. Stronger CBF-tau and sPDGFRβ-tau correlations were observed in participants with greater amyloid burden and lower MoCA scores. Importantly, when stratifying by amyloid status, stronger CBF-tau relationships in individuals with lower MoCA scores were driven by amyloid+ participants. Tau PET was a significant mediator CBF/sPDGFRβ-MoCA relationships in numerous regions. Our results demonstrate vascular-tau associations across the AD spectrum and suggest that early vascular-tau associations are exacerbated in the presence of amyloid, consistent with a two-hit model of AD on cognition. Combination treatments targeting vascular health, as well as amyloid-β and tau levels, may preserve cognitive function more effectively than single-target therapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Emerging evidence demonstrates a role for vascular dysfunction as a significant contributor to Alzheimer's pathophysiology. However, associations between vascular dysfunction and tau pathology, and their effects on cognition remain poorly understood. Multimodal neuroimaging data from two independent cohorts were analyzed to provide novel in vivo evidence of associations between cerebral blood flow (CBF), an MRI measure of vascular health, and tau pathology using PET. CBF-tau associations were related to cognition and driven in part by amyloid burden. Soluble platelet-derived growth factor β, an independent CSF vascular biomarker, confirmed vascular-tau associations in a subgroup analysis. These results suggest that combination treatments targeting vascular health, amyloid-β, and tau levels may more effectively preserve cognitive function than single-target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Albrecht
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - A Lisette Isenberg
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Joy Stradford
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Teresa Monreal
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Maricarmen Pachicano
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Melanie Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Arthur Toga
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Helena Chui
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Elizabeth Joe
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Lon Schneider
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Peter Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Kay Jann
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Judy Pa
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
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31
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Tice C, McDevitt J, Langford D. Astrocytes, HIV and the Glymphatic System: A Disease of Disrupted Waste Management? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:523379. [PMID: 33134185 PMCID: PMC7550659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.523379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the glial-lymphatic or glymphatic fluid clearance pathway in the rodent brain led researchers to search for a parallel system in humans and to question the implications of this pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed that several features of the glymphatic system may be present in humans. In both rodents and humans, this pathway promotes the exchange of interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the arterial perivascular spaces into the brain parenchyma. This process is facilitated in part by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels located primarily on astrocytic end feet that abut cerebral endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier. Decreased expression or mislocalization of AQP4 from astrocytic end feet results in decreased interstitial flow, thereby, promoting accumulation of extracellular waste products like hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau). Accumulation of pTau is a neuropathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is accompanied by mislocalization of APQ4 from astrocyte end feet to the cell body. HIV infection shares many neuropathological characteristics with AD. Similar to AD, HIV infection of the CNS contributes to abnormal aging with altered AQP4 localization, accumulation of pTau and chronic neuroinflammation. Up to 30% of people with HIV (PWH) suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), and changes in AQP4 may be clinically important as a contributor to cognitive disturbances. In this review, we provide an overview and discussion of the potential contributions of NeuroHIV to glymphatic system functions by focusing on astrocytes and AQP4. Although HAND encompasses a wide range of neurocognitive impairments and levels of neuroinflammation vary among and within PWH, the potential contribution of disruption in AQP4 may be clinically important in some cases. In this review we discuss implications for possible AQP4 disruption on NeuroHIV disease trajectory and how HIV may influence AQP4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Tice
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jane McDevitt
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Back DB, Choi BR, Han JS, Kwon KJ, Choi DH, Shin CY, Lee J, Kim HY. Characterization of Tauopathy in a Rat Model of Post-Stroke Dementia Combining Acute Infarct and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186929. [PMID: 32967251 PMCID: PMC7555397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke dementia (PSD) is a major neurodegenerative consequence of stroke. Tauopathy has been reported in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the cognitive impairment and pathomechanism associated with tauopathy in a rat model of PSD by modeling acute ischemic stroke and underlying chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery in rats to mimic acute ischemic stroke, followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) surgery to mimic CCH. We performed behavioral tests and focused on the characterization of tauopathy through histology. Parenchymal infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracers after intracisternal injection was examined to evaluate glymphatic function. In an animal model of PSD, cognitive impairment was aggravated when BCCAo was combined with MCAO. Tauopathy, manifested by tau hyperphosphorylation, was prominent in the peri-infarct area when CCH was combined. Synergistic accentuation of tauopathy was evident in the white matter. Microtubules in the neuronal axon and myelin sheath showed partial colocalization with the hyperphosphorylated tau, whereas oligodendrocytes showed near-complete colocalization. Parenchymal infiltration of CSF tracers was attenuated in the PSD model. Our experimental results suggest a hypothesis that CCH may aggravate cognitive impairment and tau hyperphosphorylation in a rat model of PSD by interfering with tau clearance through the glymphatic system. Therapeutic strategies to improve the clearance of brain metabolic wastes, including tau, may be a promising approach to prevent PSD after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bin Back
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7563
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Participation of Amyloid and Tau Protein in Neuronal Death and Neurodegeneration after Brain Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134599. [PMID: 32605320 PMCID: PMC7370213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that postischemic brain injury is associated with the accumulation of folding proteins, such as amyloid and tau protein, in the intra- and extracellular spaces of neuronal cells. In this review, we summarize protein changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after brain ischemia, and their roles in the postischemic period. Recent advances in understanding the postischemic mechanisms in development of neurodegeneration have revealed dysregulation of amyloid protein precursor, α-, β- and γ-secretase and tau protein genes. Reduced expression of the α-secretase gene after brain ischemia with recirculation causes neuronal cells to be less resistant to injury. We present the latest data that Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins and their genes play a crucial role in postischemic neurodegeneration. Understanding the underlying processes of linking Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins and their genes in development of postischemic neurodegeneration will provide the most significant goals to date for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540/6086-469; Fax: +48-22-6086-627/668-55-32
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
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Radenovic L, Nenadic M, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ, Andjus PR, Pluta R. Heterogeneity in brain distribution of activated microglia and astrocytes in a rat ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease after 2 years of survival. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12251-12267. [PMID: 32501292 PMCID: PMC7343500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to follow neuroinflammation after ischemic brain injury in the long-term survival rat model. Immunohistochemistry was performed 2 years after 10 min global brain ischemia due to cardiac arrest. For the visualization of the cellular inflammatory reaction microglial marker Iba1 and astrocyte marker GFAP were used. In post-ischemic animals our study revealed significant activation of astrocytes in all tested brain regions (hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas and dentate gyrus, motor and somatosensory cortex, striatum and thalamus), while microglial activation was only found in CA1 and CA3 areas, and the motor cortex. In the specifically sensitive brain areas microglia and astrocytes showed simultaneously significant activation, while in the resistant brain areas only astrocytes were activated. Thus, there was clear evidence of less intensive neuroinflammation in brain areas resistant to ischemia. Such neuroinflammatory processes are backed by microglia and astrocytes activity even up to 2 years after ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Our study thus revealed a chronic effect of global cerebral ischemia on the neuroinflammatory reaction in the rat brain even 2 years after the insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Radenovic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Nenadic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. Shared Genomic and Proteomic Contribution of Amyloid and Tau Protein Characteristic of Alzheimer's Disease to Brain Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093186. [PMID: 32366028 PMCID: PMC7246538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-ischemic brain damage is associated with the deposition of folding proteins such as the amyloid and tau protein in the intra- and extracellular spaces of brain tissue. In this review, we summarize the protein changes associated with Alzheimer's disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and their role in the post-ischemic injury. Recent advances in understanding the post-ischemic neuropathology have revealed dysregulation of amyloid protein precursor, α-secretase, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2, and tau protein genes after ischemic brain injury. However, reduced expression of the α-secretase in post-ischemic brain causes neurons to be less resistant to injury. In this review, we present the latest evidence that proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease and their genes play a key role in progressive brain damage due to ischemia and reperfusion, and that an ischemic episode is an essential and leading supplier of proteins and genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in post-ischemic brain. Understanding the underlying processes of linking Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and their genes in post-ischemic brain injury with the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease will provide the most significant goals for therapeutic development to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.); (S.J.)
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Su C, Zhao N, Zou J, Yan X. TDZD-8 alleviates delayed neurological sequelae following acute carbon monoxide poisoning involving tau protein phosphorylation. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:79-85. [PMID: 32188325 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1741739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Acute carbon monoxide (CO)poisoning can cause delayed neurological sequelae (DNS). Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) /Tau protein pathway is reported to play a key role in neurological abnormalities. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of GSK-3β/Tau in DNS following acute CO poisoning.Methods: 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a specific non-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β, was used to inhibit GSK-3β. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the three groups: Control group, CO group and CO-TDZD-8 group. Rats breathed 1000 ppm CO for 40 minutes and then 3000 ppm for up to 20 minutes until they lost consciousness. TDZD-8 (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously three times after the end of CO exposure at 0, 24, 48 hours late. Learning and memory abilities were observed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Brain histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the expression levels of Tau and GSK-3β were detected after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.Results: TDZD-8 significantly attenuated the learning and memory dysfunction induced by acute CO poisoning, ameliorated the histology structure of damaged neural cells in cortex and hippocampus CA1 area. TDZD-8 clearly decreased p-Tau expression, reversed the reduction of p-GSK-3β induced by acute CO poisoning.Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of TDZD-8 in alleviating DNS caused by acute CO poisoning is related to the inactivation of Tau by intensifying the level of GSK-3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningjun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjiao Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Lanling Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Proteomic and Genomic Changes in Tau Protein, Which Are Associated with Alzheimer's Disease after Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030892. [PMID: 32019137 PMCID: PMC7037789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that transient ischemia of the brain with reperfusion in humans and animals is associated with the neuronal accumulation of neurotoxic molecules associated with Alzheimer’s disease, such as all parts of the amyloid protein precursor and modified tau protein. Pathological changes in the amyloid protein precursor and tau protein at the protein and gene level due to ischemia may lead to dementia of the Alzheimer’s disease type after ischemic brain injury. Some studies have demonstrated increased tau protein immunoreactivity in neuronal cells after brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent research has presented many new tau protein functions, such as neural activity control, iron export, protection of genomic DNA integrity, neurogenesis and long-term depression. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of tau protein in the brain after ischemia, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, excitotoxicity, neurological inflammation, endothelium, angiogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, attention was paid to the role of tau protein in damage to the neurovascular unit. Tau protein may be at the intersection of many regulatory mechanisms in the event of major neuropathological changes in ischemic stroke. Data show that brain ischemia activates neuronal changes and death in the hippocampus in a manner dependent on tau protein, thus determining a new and important way to regulate the survival and/or death of post-ischemic neurons. Meanwhile, the association between tau protein and ischemic stroke has not been well discussed. In this review, we aim to update the knowledge about the proteomic and genomic changes in tau protein following ischemia-reperfusion injury and the connection between dysfunctional tau protein and ischemic stroke pathology. Finally we present the positive correlation between tau protein dysfunction and the development of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease type of neurodegeneration.
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Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Pluta R. Substantiation for the Use of Curcumin during the Development of Neurodegeneration after Brain Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020517. [PMID: 31947633 PMCID: PMC7014172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available pharmacological treatment of post-ischemia-reperfusion brain injury has limited effectiveness. This review provides an assessment of the current state of neurodegeneration treatment due to ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and focuses on the role of curcumin in the diet. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of what was published about the benefits of curcumin influence on post-ischemic brain damage. Some data on the clinical benefits of curcumin treatment of post-ischemic brain in terms of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions have been reviewed. The data in this review contributes to a better understanding of the potential benefits of curcumin in the treatment of neurodegenerative changes after ischemia and informs scientists, clinicians, and patients, as well as their families and caregivers about the possibilities of such treatment. Due to the pleotropic properties of curcumin, including anti-amyloid, anti-tau protein hyperphosphorylation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective action, as well as increasing neuronal lifespan and promoting neurogenesis, curcumin is a promising candidate for the treatment of post-ischemic neurodegeneration with misfolded proteins accumulation. In this way, it may gain interest as a potential therapy to prevent the development of neurodegenerative changes after cerebral ischemia. In addition, it is a safe substance and inexpensive, easily accessible, and can effectively penetrate the blood–brain barrier and neuronal membranes. In conclusion, the evidence available in a review of the literature on the therapeutic potential of curcumin provides helpful insight into the potential clinical utility of curcumin in the treatment of neurological neurodegenerative diseases with misfolded proteins. Therefore, curcumin may be a promising supplementary agent against development of neurodegeneration after brain ischemia in the future. Indeed, there is a rational scientific basis for the use of curcumin for the prophylaxis and treatment of post-ischemic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.)
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.)
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540/6086-469
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Chen H, Liang L, Xu H, Xu J, Yao L, Li Y, Tan Y, Li X, Huang Q, Yang Z, Wu J, Chen J, Huang H, Wang X, Zhang CE, Liu J. Short Term Exposure to Bilirubin Induces Encephalopathy Similar to Alzheimer’s Disease in Late Life. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:277-295. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leyi Yao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufan Tan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingtian Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Chang-E. Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a global epidemic condition due to an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a specific area of brain either by arterial blockage or by narrowing of blood vessels. Despite having advancement in the use of thrombolytic and clot removal medicine, significant numbers of stroke patients are still left out without option for treatment. In this review, we summarize recent research work on the activation of δ-opioid receptor as a strategy for treating ischemic stroke-caused neuronal injury. Moreover, as activation of δ-opioid receptor by a non-peptidic δ-opioid receptor agonist also modulates the expression, maturation and processing of amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase activity, the potential role of these effects on ischemic stroke caused dementia or Alzheimer's disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Subedi
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Kocki J, Bogucki J, Januszewski S, Bogucka-Kocka A, Czuczwar SJ. Expression of the Tau Protein and Amyloid Protein Precursor Processing Genes in the CA3 Area of the Hippocampus in the Ischemic Model of Alzheimer's Disease in the Rat. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1281-1290. [PMID: 31713815 PMCID: PMC7031177 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the selective susceptibility to ischemia of the CA3 region is very important to explain the neuropathology of memory loss after brain ischemia. We used a rat model to study changes in gene expression of the amyloid protein precursor and its cleaving enzymes and tau protein in the hippocampal CA3 sector, after transient 10-min global brain ischemia with survival times of 2, 7, and 30 days. The expression of the α-secretase gene was below control values at all times studied. But, the expression of the β-secretase gene was below the control values at 2-7 days after ischemia and the maximal increase in its expression was observed on day 30. Expression of the presenilin 1 gene was significantly elevated above the control values at 2-7 days after ischemia and decreased below the control values at day 30. Expression of the presenilin 2 gene showed an opposite trend to the expression of presenilin 1. Expression of the amyloid protein precursor gene after ischemia was at all times above the control values with a huge significant overexpression on day 7. Additionally, the expression of the tau protein gene was below the control values 2 days after ischemia, but the significant increase in its expression was observed on days 7-30. Data show that brain ischemia activates neuronal changes and death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in a manner dependent on amyloid and tau protein, thus determining a new and important way to regulate the survival and/or death of ischemic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Pascual M, Ibáñez F, Guerri C. Exosomes as mediators of neuron-glia communication in neuroinflammation. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:796-801. [PMID: 31719239 PMCID: PMC6990780 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a type of extracellular vesicles named exosomes has emerged that play an important role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions. These nanovesicles (30–150 nm) contain proteins, RNAs and lipids, and their internalization by bystander cells could alter their normal functions. This review focuses on recent knowledge about exosomes as messengers of neuron-glia communication and their participation in the physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system. Special emphasis is placed on the role of exosomes under toxic or pathological stimuli within the brain, in which the glial exosomes containing inflammatory molecules are able to communicate with neurons and contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Given the small size and characteristics of exosomes, they can cross the blood-brain barrier and be used as biomarkers and diagnosis for brain disorders and neuropathologies. Finally, although the application potential of exosome is still limited, current studies indicate that exosomes represent a promising strategy to gain pathogenic information to identify therapeutically targets and biomarkers for neurological disorders and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pascual
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Ibáñez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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Hippocampal sub-regional differences in the microRNA response to forebrain ischemia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:164-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M. The role of degenerative pathways in the development of irreversible consequences after brain ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:982-983. [PMID: 30762008 PMCID: PMC6404489 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences; First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ. Neuroprotective and Neurological/Cognitive Enhancement Effects of Curcumin after Brain Ischemia Injury with Alzheimer's Disease Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4002. [PMID: 30545070 PMCID: PMC6320958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ongoing interest in ischemic brain injury research has provided data showing that ischemic episodes are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. Brain ischemia is the second naturally occurring neuropathology, such as Alzheimer's disease, which causes the death of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. In addition, brain ischemia was considered the most effective predictor of the development of full-blown dementia of Alzheimer's disease phenotype with a debilitating effect on the patient. Recent knowledge on the activation of Alzheimer's disease-related genes and proteins-e.g., amyloid protein precursor and tau protein-as well as brain ischemia and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology indicate that similar processes contribute to neuronal death and disintegration of brain tissue in both disorders. Although brain ischemia is one of the main causes of death in the world, there is no effective therapy to improve the structural and functional outcomes of this disorder. In this review, we consider the promising role of the protective action of curcumin after ischemic brain injury. Studies of the pharmacological properties of curcumin after brain ischemia have shown that curcumin has several therapeutic properties that include anti-excitotoxic, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-hyperhomocysteinemia and anti-inflammatory effects, mitochondrial protection, as well as increasing neuronal lifespan and promoting neurogenesis. In addition, curcumin also exerts anti-amyloidogenic effects and affects the brain's tau protein. These results suggest that curcumin may be able to serve as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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Zhang J, Yu Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Sun M, Tian Q, Tu S. [Propofol combined with hypoxia induces cognitive dysfunction in immature rats via p38 pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1294-1299. [PMID: 30514675 PMCID: PMC6744114 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of propofol combined with hypoxia on cognitive function of immature rats and the possible role of p38 pathway and tau protein in mediating such effects. METHODS Ninety 7-day-old (P7) SD rats were randomized for daily intraperitoneal injection of propofol (50 mg/kg) or lipid emulsion (5.0 mL/kg) for 7 consecutive days. After each injection, the rats were placed in a warm box (38 ℃) with an oxygen concentration of 18% (hypoxia), 21% (normal air), or 50% (oxygen) until full recovery of the righting reflex. Another 90 P7 rats were similarly grouped and received intraperitoneal injections of p-p38 blocker (15 mg/kg) 30 min before the same treaments. The phosphorylated tau protein, total tau protein and p-p38 content in the hippocampus were detected using Western blotting. The spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated with Morris water maze test. RESULTS Compared with lipid emulsion, propofol injection resulted in significantly increased levels of p-p38, phosphorylated tau and total tau proteins in rats with subsequent hypoxic or normal air treatment (P < 0.05), but propofol with oxygen and injections of the blocker before propofol did not cause significant changes in the proteins. Without subsequent oxygenation, the rats receiving injections of propofol, with and without prior blocker injection, all showed significantly prolonged latency time and reduced platform-crossing times and third quadrant residence time compared with the corresponding lipid emulsion groups (P < 0.05). With oxygen treatment, the rats in propofoland blocker-treated groups showed no significant difference in the performance in Morris water maze test from the corresponding lipid emulsion group. The results of Morris water maze test differed significantly between blocker-propofol group and propofol groups irrespective of exposures to different oxygen levels (P < 0.05), but not between the lipid emulsion and blocker group pairs with exposures to different oxygen levels. CONCLUSIONS Propofol combined with hypoxia can affect the expression of tau protein through p38 pathway to impair the cognitive function of immature rats, in which oxygen plays a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qing Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mang Sun
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qin Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shengfen Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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