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Chen M, Chen Y, Li C. Serum iron concentration and leptin inversely relate, partially mediated by body mass index in American adults. Nutr Res 2024; 124:1-12. [PMID: 38342069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Iron metabolism and leptin are interconnected, and both link with obesity. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that serum iron markers associate with leptin, with body mass index (BMI) acting as a mediator, confounder, and effect modifier in this relationship. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, with a focus on serum iron markers and leptin. The relationship between serum iron markers and leptin was determined by multiple linear regression. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect of BMI on this association. Among 3888 American adults, serum iron and transferrin saturation showed a negative association with leptin (log2-transformed) (β: -0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.013 to -0.006, P < .001; β: -0.006, 95% CI, -0.008 to -0.004, P < .001). Total iron-binding capacity was positively associated with the serum concentration of leptin (log2-transformed) (β: 0.002, 95% CI, 0-0.004, P = .0292). Sex, BMI, and body fat percentage significantly influenced these associations. Notably, the association between the iron markers and leptin diminished in individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. There was no observable relationship between leptin and serum ferritin concentrations. BMI mediated 4.81% of the serum iron-leptin association, with no mediation of body fat percentage. Our study identified a link between serum iron and leptin, with BMI as a mediating factor. In clinical settings, it is vital to understand how treatments targeting iron metabolism can directly impact serum leptin concentration and the subsequent physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Chen
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebai Chen
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Scolari Grotto F, Glaser V. Are high copper levels related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between 2011 and 2022. Biometals 2024; 37:3-22. [PMID: 37594582 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper performs an important role in the brain, but in high levels it can be neurotoxic. Further, some authors have described that copper dyshomeostasis could be related with neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this review was performed to observe whether high copper levels are related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD), using the literature published recently. Articles that measured copper levels in AD or PD patients was included, as well as they that measured copper levels in models used to mimic these diseases. Also, results about high copper levels effects and its relationship with AD and PD observed in laboratory animals are considered. In summary, 38 and 24 articles with AD and PD patients were included, respectively. Despite of the heterogeneity between the studies in humans, meta-analysis has demonstrated that there is an increase in free and total copper levels in the blood of AD patients compared to controls, and a decrease in copper levels in PD patients. A decrease in the metal content in postmortem brain tissue was observed in AD and PD. In manuscripts using animal models that mimic AD and PD, it was included seven and three articles, respectively. Two of them have reported an increase in copper concentrations in AD model, and one in PD model. Finally, studies with laboratory animals have concluded that high copper levels are related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in neurotransmitter levels, cell death, and reduced both cognitive and locomotor activity, which are also described in AD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabielly Scolari Grotto
- Cell Biology Lab, Biological and Agronomic Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km3, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane Glaser
- Cell Biology Lab, Biological and Agronomic Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km3, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
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3
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Ji Y, Ni X, Zheng K, Jiang Y, Ren C, Zhu H, Xiao M, Wang T. Synergistic effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on executive function and biomarkers in healthy young adults. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110747. [PMID: 37611879 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research explored the combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) on executive function and specific serum biomarkers in healthy adults. METHODS Sixty healthy young adults were randomly assigned into tDCS+AE, tDCS only, or AE only groups. Interventions were carried out for 20 days. Executive functions were evaluated using tasks such as the 2,3-back task, the spatial working memory task, the Stroop test, T test, and hexagonal obstacle jump task. Serum biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamate, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and iron ion, were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS The tDCS+AE group showed superior enhancements in executive function, evidenced by improved accuracy rates in 2,3-back tasks, better performance in the staircase task, and reduced reaction times in the incongruent reaction time of the Stroop task compared to other groups. Importantly, we found substantial changes in serum biomarkers: increased levels of BDNF and SOD, and decreased levels of MDA and glutamate in the tDCS+AE group. These changes were significantly different when compared with the tDCS and AE only groups. Notably, these alterations in serum biomarkers were correlated with improvements in executive function tasks, thus offering a potential physiological basis for the cognitive improvements witnessed. CONCLUSION The combined tDCS and AE intervention effectively improved executive function in healthy young adults, with the improvements linked to changes in key serum biomarkers. The results emphasize the potential of combined tDCS and AE interventions in engaging multiple physiological pathways to enhance executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ji
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Ni
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caili Ren
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Sun 孙意冉 Y, Yan C, He L, Xiang S, Wang P, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Su P, Su Y, Ma J, Xu J, Peng Q, Ma H, Xie Z, Zhang Z. Inhibition of ferroptosis through regulating neuronal calcium homeostasis: An emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101899. [PMID: 36871781 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, generates a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The AD brain is microscopically characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are still no effective therapeutic drugs to restrain the progression of AD though much attention has been paid to exploit AD treatments. Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has been reported to promote the pathological occurrence and development of AD, and inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis can effectively improve the cognitive impairment of AD. Studies have shown that calcium (Ca2+) dyshomeostasis is closely related to the pathology of AD, and can drive the occurrence of ferroptosis through several pathways, such as interacting with iron, and regulating the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. This paper mainly reviews the roles of ferroptosis and Ca2+ in the pathology of AD, and highlights that restraining ferroptosis through maintaining the homeostasis of Ca2+ may be an innovative target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun 孙意冉
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixie Xiang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanzhao Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wang Wang
- School of basic medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunfang Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Quekun Peng
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Huifen Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Zhao D, Huang Y, Wang B, Chen H, Pan W, Yang M, Xia Z, Zhang R, Yuan C. Dietary Intake Levels of Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Manganese in Relation to Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030704. [PMID: 36771411 PMCID: PMC9921562 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have related circulating levels of trace metal elements, of which dietary intake is the major source, to cognitive outcomes. However, there are still relatively few studies evaluating the associations of dietary intake levels of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese with cognitive function (CF). Methods: We leveraged the data of 6863 participants (mean [standard deviation] age = 66.7 [10.5] years) in the Health and Retirement Study (2013/2014). Dietary intake levels of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese were calculated from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CF was assessed using the 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). We used linear regression models to calculate the mean differences in global CF scores by quintiles of dietary intake levels of trace metal elements. Results: Among the study participants, the mean (SD) values of daily dietary intake were 13.3 (6.3) mg for iron, 1.4 (0.7) mg for copper, 10.7 (4.6) mg for zinc, and 3.3 (1.6) mg for manganese. Compared with the lowest quintile of dietary iron intake (<8.1 mg), the highest quintile (≥17.7 mg) was associated with a lower cognitive score (-0.50, -0.94 to -0.06, P-trend = 0.007). Higher dietary copper was significantly associated with poorer CF (P-trend = 0.002), and the mean difference in cognitive score between extreme quintiles (≥1.8 vs. <0.8 mg) was -0.52 (95% confidence interval: -0.94 to -0.10) points. We did not observe significant associations for dietary intake of zinc (P-trend = 0.785) and manganese (P-trend = 0.368). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, higher dietary intake of iron and copper was related to worse CF, but zinc and manganese intake levels were not significantly associated with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yilun Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Binghan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Wenfei Pan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhidan Xia
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
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Nantachai G, Vasupanrajit A, Tunvirachaisakul C, Solmi M, Maes M. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101639. [PMID: 35537662 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the nitro-oxidative stress (O&NS)/antioxidant (ANTIOX) ratio in the peripheral blood of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until July 31, 2021. Forty-six studies on 3.798 MCI individuals and 6.063 healthy controls were included. The O&NS/ANTIOX ratio was significantly higher in MCI than in controls with a Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= 0.378 (95% CI: 0.250; 0.506). MCI individuals showed increased lipid peroxidation (SMD=0.774, 95%CI: 4.416; 1.132) and O&NS-associated toxicity (SMD=0.621, CI: 0.377; 0.865) and reduced glutathione (GSH) defenses (SMD=0.725, 95%CI: 0.269; 1.182) as compared with controls. MCI was also accompanied by significantly increased homocysteine (SMD=0.320, CI: 0.059; 0.581), but not protein oxidation, and lowered non-vitamin (SMD=0.347, CI: 0.168; 0.527) and vitamin (SMD=0.564, CI: 0.129; 0.999) antioxidant defenses. The results show that MCI is at least in part due to increased neuro-oxidative toxicity and suggest that treatments targeting lipid peroxidation and the GSH system may be used to treat or prevent MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gallayaporn Nantachai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Somdet Phra Sungharaj Nyanasumvara Geriatric Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public health, Chon Buri Province, Thailand.
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081367. [PMID: 35456047 PMCID: PMC9044750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.
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8
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu Z, Du K, Lu X. Protective Effects of Dexazoxane on Rat Ferroptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Through Regulating HMGB1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:685434. [PMID: 34336950 PMCID: PMC8318065 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.685434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexrazoxane (DXZ) reduces cytotoxicity caused by Doxorubicin (DOX). However, the mechanism of DXZ in ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy remains unclear. This research, therefore, explores the role and mechanism of DXZ in DOX-induced ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy in rats. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed in rats treated by DOX in combination with ferroptosis inhibitor (FER-1) or other cell death–associated inhibitors. The ferroptosis, cardiotoxicity, and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in rats treated by DOX in combination with FER-1 or with DXZ were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, echocardiographic analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR. The ferroptosis in DOX-treated rats that received HMGB1 knockdown or overexpression was further detected using molecular experiments. Finally, the viability, level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and expressions of ferroptosis-related markers (PTGS2, GPX4, and FTH1) of rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 exposed to DOX combined with FER-1, zVAD (an apoptosis inhibitor), DXZ, or not were detected by performing molecular experiments. FER-1 increased the survival of the rats induced by DOX. The DOX-induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity could be reversed by FER-1 or DXZ. HMGB1 was induced by DOX but was inhibited by DXZ or FER-1. Overexpression of HMGB1 promoted the ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in the rats although silencing of HMGB1 showed opposite effects. The data indicate that DOX suppressed the viability and increased the MDA level in H9c2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DOX-induced increase of PTGS2 and decrease of GPX4 and FTH1 in H9c2 cells was reversed by DXZ or FER-1. Therefore, DXZ has protective effects on ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy in rats through regulating HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Bonvicini C, Costa A, Perini G, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Koch G, Borroni B, Albanese A, Sensi SL, Rongioletti M. Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Brain Specimens, and Replication Study Evaluating ATP7B Gene Variants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:960. [PMID: 34209820 PMCID: PMC8301962 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) show signs of copper (Cu) dyshomeostasis. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Cu dysregulation as an AD susceptibility factor. We performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies investigating Cu biomarkers in brain specimens (pooled total of 182 AD and 166 healthy controls, HC) and in serum/plasma (pooled total of 2929 AD and 3547 HC). We also completed a replication study of serum Cu biomarkers in 97 AD patients and 70 HC screened for rs732774 and rs1061472 ATP7B, the gene encoding for the Cu transporter ATPase7B. Our meta-analysis showed decreased Cu in AD brain specimens, increased Cu and nonbound ceruloplasmin (Non-Cp) Cu in serum/plasma samples, and unchanged ceruloplasmin. Serum/plasma Cu excess was associated with a three to fourfold increase in the risk of having AD. Our replication study confirmed meta-analysis results and showed that carriers of the ATP7B AG haplotype were significantly more frequent in the AD group. Overall, our study shows that AD patients fail to maintain a Cu metabolic balance and reveals the presence of a percentage of AD patients carrying ATP7B AG haplotype and presenting Non-Cp Cu excess, which suggest that a subset of AD subjects is prone to Cu imbalance. This AD subtype can be the target of precision medicine-based strategies tackling Cu dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano L. Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders—iMIND, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
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10
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Sun L. The Potential Role of Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:907-925. [PMID: 33646161 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60%-80%of all cases. Although much effort has been made over the years, the precise mechanism of AD has not been completely elucidated. Recently, great attention has shifted to the roles of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis. We also note that these pathological events are the vital regulators of a novel regulatory cell death, termed ferroptosis-an iron-dependent, oxidative, non-apoptotic cell death. Ferroptosis differs from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy with respect to morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. Mounting evidence suggests that ferroptosis may be involved in neurological disorders, including AD. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis; discuss the potential interaction between AD and ferroptosis in terms of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis; and describe some associated studies that have explored the implication of ferroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Gu L, Yu J, Fan Y, Wang S, Yang L, Liu K, Wang Q, Chen G, Zhang D, Ma Y, Wang L, Liu A, Cao H, Li X, Li K, Tao F, Sheng J. The Association Between Trace Elements Exposure and the Cognition in the Elderly in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:403-412. [PMID: 32323131 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V) levels in whole blood and the cognitive ability of people over 60 years old. A total of 1217 eligible participants were enrolled in our study in Lu'an city, Anhui province, China. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration of nine trace elements in the whole blood, which reflect their exposure levels. Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was employed to screen the cognitive function of the elderly. Logistic regression was applied to assess the associations of nine whole blood trace elements with cognition. In the work, it has found that high levels of whole blood As and Se are risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. As and Se quartile were correlated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, and with the odds ratio (OR) of 2.06 (95% CI 1.30-3.25; p-trend = 0.002), 1.947 (95% CI 1.20-3.17; p-trend = 0.007) in the highest quartile. However, high concentration of Al, V, and Ba in whole blood were protective factors for cognitive function [OR = 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.98; p-trend = 0.040), 0.549 (95% CI 0.36-0.85; p-trend = 0.007), 0.460 (95% CI 0.28-0.75; p-trend = 0.002) respectively]. The study suggested that the exposure of some trace elements (As, Se) were associated with the increased risk of cognitive dysfunction; on the contrary, other elements (Al, V, Ba) could be protective factor for cognitive function. These findings need to be confirmed in additional research of a large elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhui Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiyong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Annuo Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiude Li
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Kaichun Li
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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12
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Scholefield M, Unwin RD, Cooper GJ. Shared perturbations in the metallome and metabolome of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and dementia with Lewy bodies: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101152. [PMID: 32846222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite differences in presentation, age-related dementing diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may share pathogenic processes. This review aims to systematically assemble and compare findings in various biochemical pathways across these four dementias. PubMed and Google Scholar were screened for articles reporting on brain and biofluid measurements of metals and/or metabolites in AD, PD, HD, or DLB. Articles were assessed using specific a priori-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 284 papers identified, 198 met criteria for inclusion. Although varying coverage levels of metals and metabolites across diseases and tissues made comparison of many analytes impossible, several common findings were identified: elevated glucose in both brain tissue and biofluids of AD, PD, and HD cases; increased iron and decreased copper in AD, PD and HD brain tissue; and decreased uric acid in biofluids of AD and PD cases. Other analytes were found to differ between diseases or were otherwise not covered across all conditions. These findings indicate that disturbances in glucose and purine pathways may be common to AD, PD, and HD. However, standardisation of methodologies and better coverage in some areas - notably of DLB - are necessary to validate and extend these findings.
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13
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14
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Leandro GS, Evangelista AF, Lobo RR, Xavier DJ, Moriguti JC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Changes in Expression Profiles Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1483-1495. [PMID: 30400085 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative pathology associated with accumulation of DNA damage. Inflammation and cell cycle alterations seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, although the molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD patients display alterations in gene expression profiles, focusing on finding markers that might improve the diagnosis of AD. Blood samples were collected from 22 AD patients and 13 healthy individuals to perform genome-wide mRNA expression. We found 593 differentially expressed genes in AD compared to controls, from which 428 were upregulated, and 165 were downregulated. By performing a gene set enrichment analysis, we observed pathways involved in inflammation, DNA damage response, cell cycle, and neuronal processes. Moreover, functional annotation analyses indicated that differentially expressed genes are strongly related to pathways associated with the cell cycle and the immune system. The results were compared with those of an independent study on hippocampus samples, and a number of genes in common between both studies were identified as potential peripheral biomarkers for AD, including DUSP1, FOS, SLC7A2, RGS1, GFAP, CCL2, ANGPTL4, and SSPN. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PBMCs of AD patients do present alterations in gene expression profiles, and these results are comparable to those previously reported in the literature for AD neurons, supporting the hypothesis that blood peripheral mononuclear cells express molecular changes that occur in the neurons of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Silva Leandro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo Rebouças Lobo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Jordão Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio César Moriguti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Mravunac M, Szymlek-Gay EA, Daly RM, Roberts BR, Formica M, Gianoudis J, O'Connell SL, Nowson CA, Cardoso BR. Greater Circulating Copper Concentrations and Copper/Zinc Ratios are Associated with Lower Psychological Distress, But Not Cognitive Performance, in a Sample of Australian Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102503. [PMID: 31627408 PMCID: PMC6836146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of copper and zinc is linked to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between circulating copper and zinc and copper/zinc ratios and cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurotrophic factors in older Australian adults. In this cross-sectional study (n = 139), plasma copper, serum zinc, and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) were assessed. Cognition was assessed using the Cogstate battery and the Behavior Rating Inventory (BRI) of Executive Function (Adult version). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Copper (β = −0.024; 95% CI = −0.044, −0.004; p = 0.019) and copper/zinc ratio (β = −1.99; 95% CI = −3.41, −0.57; p = 0.006) were associated with lower depressive symptoms, but not cognition. Plasma copper had a modest positive association with BDNF (β = −0.004; 95% CI = 0.000, 0.007; p = 0.021). Zinc was not associated with any of the outcomes. In conclusion, greater circulating copper concentrations and higher copper/zinc ratios were associated with lower depressive symptoms (but not cognition), with copper also positively associated with BDNF concentration, in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mravunac
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Ewa A Szymlek-Gay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia, PO Box 576, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia.
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Melissa Formica
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Jenny Gianoudis
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Stella L O'Connell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia, PO Box 576, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia.
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.
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16
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Copper in Glucose Intolerance, Cognitive Decline, and Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:77-85. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Sensi SL, Granzotto A, Siotto M, Squitti R. Copper and Zinc Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:1049-1063. [PMID: 30352697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. Despite a wealth of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in AD, current treatments have mainly focused on targeting amyloid β (Aβ) production, but have failed to show significant effects and efficacy. Therefore, a critical reconsideration of the multifactorial nature of the disease is needed. AD is a complex multifactorial disorder in which, along with Aβ and tau, the convergence of polygenic, epigenetic, environmental, vascular, and metabolic factors increases the global susceptibility to the disease and shapes its course. One of the cofactors converging on AD is the dysregulation of brain metals. In this review, we focus on the role of AD-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline triggered by the imbalance of two endogenous metals: copper and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano L Sensi
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Squitti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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18
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Association of metals with the risk and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 55:117-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Li DD, Zhang W, Wang ZY, Zhao P. Serum Copper, Zinc, and Iron Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:300. [PMID: 28966592 PMCID: PMC5605551 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many publications have investigated the association between metal ions and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the results were ambiguous. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the association between the serum levels of metals (copper/zinc/iron) and the risk of AD via meta-analysis of case-control studies. Methods: We screened literatures published after 1978 in the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov. Electronic databases. By using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the 407 publications, there are 44 of these publications met all inclusion criteria. The Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate available data from each study. Results: Consistent with the conclusions of other meta-analysis, our results demonstrated serum copper levels were significantly higher [MD = 9.27, 95% CI (5.02–13.52); p < 0.0001], and the serum zinc levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls [MD = −6.12, 95% CI (−9.55, −2.69); p = 0.0005]. Serum iron levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls after excluded two studies [MD = −13.01, 95% CI (−20.75, −5.27); p = 0.001]. Conclusion: The results of our meta-analysis provided rigorous statistical support for the association of the serum levels of metals and the risk of AD, suggesting a positive relationship between the serum copper levels and AD risk, and a negative relationship between the serum zinc/iron levels and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
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20
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Agrawal S, Berggren KL, Marks E, Fox JH. Impact of high iron intake on cognition and neurodegeneration in humans and in animal models: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:456-470. [PMID: 28505363 PMCID: PMC5914328 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Accumulation of brain iron is linked to aging and protein-misfolding neurodegenerative diseases. High iron intake may influence important brain health outcomes in later life. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to examine evidence from animal and human studies of the effects of high iron intake or peripheral iron status on adult cognition, brain aging, and neurodegeneration. Data Sources MEDLINE, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and OpenGrey databases were searched. Study Selection Studies investigating the effect of elevated iron intake at all postnatal life stages in mammalian models and humans on measures of adult brain health were included. Data Extraction Data were extracted and evaluated by two authors independently, with discrepancies resolved by discussion. Neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and/or behavioral/cognitive, biochemical, and brain morphologic findings were used to study the effects of iron intake or peripheral iron status on brain health. Risk of bias was assessed for animal and human studies. PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. Results Thirty-four preclinical and 14 clinical studies were identified from database searches. Thirty-three preclinical studies provided evidence supporting an adverse effect of nutritionally relevant high iron intake in neonates on brain-health-related outcomes in adults. Human studies varied considerably in design, quality, and findings; none investigated the effects of high iron intake in neonates/infants. Conclusions Human studies are needed to verify whether dietary iron intake levels used in neonates/infants to prevent iron deficiency have effects on brain aging and neurodegenerative disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Agrawal
- S. Agrawal and J.H. Fox are with the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. K.L. Berggren is with the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. E. Marks is with the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kiersten L. Berggren
- S. Agrawal and J.H. Fox are with the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. K.L. Berggren is with the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. E. Marks is with the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eileen Marks
- S. Agrawal and J.H. Fox are with the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. K.L. Berggren is with the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. E. Marks is with the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Fox
- S. Agrawal and J.H. Fox are with the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. K.L. Berggren is with the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. E. Marks is with the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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21
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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22
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Braidy N, Poljak A, Marjo C, Rutlidge H, Rich A, Jugder BE, Jayasena T, Inestrosa NC, Sachdev PS. Identification of Cerebral Metal Ion Imbalance in the Brain of Aging Octodon degus. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:66. [PMID: 28405187 PMCID: PMC5370394 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of redox-active transition metals in the brain and metal dyshomeostasis are thought to be associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular. As well, distinct biometal imaging and role of metal uptake transporters are central to understanding AD pathogenesis and aging but remain elusive, due inappropriate detection methods. We therefore hypothesized that Octodon degus develop neuropathological abnormalities in the distribution of redox active biometals, and this effect may be due to alterations in the expression of lysosomal protein, major Fe/Cu transporters, and selected Zn transporters (ZnTs and ZIPs). Herein, we report the distribution profile of biometals in the aged brain of the endemic Chilean rodent O. degus—a natural model to investigate the role of metals on the onset and progression of AD. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, our quantitative images of biometals (Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Al) appear significantly elevated in the aged O. degus and show an age-dependent rise. The metals Fe, Ca, Zn, and Cu were specifically enriched in the cortex and hippocampus, which are the regions where amyloid plaques, tau phosphorylation and glial alterations are most commonly reported, whilst Al was enriched in the hippocampus alone. Using whole brain extracts, age-related deregulation of metal trafficking pathways was also observed in O. degus. More specifically, we observed impaired lysosomal function, demonstrated by increased cathepsin D protein expression. An age-related reduction in the expression of subunit B2 of V-ATPase, and significant increases in amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42), and the metal transporter ATP13a2 were also observed. Although the protein expression levels of the zinc transporters, ZnT (1,3,4,6, and 7), and ZIP7,8 and ZIP14 increased in the brain of aged O. degus, ZnT10, decreased. Although no significant age-related change was observed for the major iron/copper regulator IRP2, we did find a significant increase in the expression of DMT1, a major transporter of divalent metal species, 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), and the proto-oncogene, FOS. Collectively, our data indicate that transition metals may be enriched with age in the brains of O. degus, and metal dyshomeostasis in specific brain regions is age-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Ageing and Regeneration, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales HospitalSydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Wang ZX, Tan L, Wang HF, Ma J, Liu J, Tan MS, Sun JH, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Yu JT. Serum Iron, Zinc, and Copper Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Replication Study and Meta-Analyses. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:565-81. [PMID: 26401693 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether iron, zinc, and copper levels in serum are disarranged in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed meta-analyses of all studies on the topic published from 1984 to 2014 and contextually carried out a replication study in serum as well. Our meta-analysis results showed that serum zinc was significantly lower in AD patients. Our replication and meta-analysis results showed that serum copper was significantly higher in AD patients than in healthy controls, so our findings were consistent with the conclusions of four previously published copper meta-analyses. Even if a possible role of iron in the pathophysiology of the disease could not be ruled out, the results of our meta-analysis showed no change of serum iron levels in AD patients, but this conclusion was not robust and requires further investigation. The meta-regression analyses revealed that in some studies, differences in serum iron levels could be due to the different mean ages, while differences in zinc levels appeared to be due to the different sex ratios. However, the effect of sex ratio on serum zinc levels in our meta-analysis is subtle and needs further confirmation. Also, diverse demographic terms and methodological approaches appeared not to explain the high heterogeneity of our copper meta-analysis. Therefore, when investigating trace elements, covariants such as age and sex have to be taken into account in the analyses. In the light of these findings, we suggest that the possible alteration of serum zinc and copper levels are involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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24
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Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment is the term applied to the cognitive state that lies between normal aging and dementia. There has been significant controversy around describing, defining and characterizing mild cognitive impairment. This review will cover current understanding of the condition and discuss clinical features, research strategies and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gordon
- ST5 Old Age Psychiatry, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK University of Glasgow, MHW, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, UK
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25
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Stroh M, Swerdlow RH, Zhu H. Common defects of mitochondria and iron in neurodegeneration and diabetes (MIND): a paradigm worth exploring. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:573-83. [PMID: 24361914 PMCID: PMC3972369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A popular, if not centric, approach to the study of an event is to first consider that of the simplest cause. When dissecting the underlying mechanisms governing idiopathic diseases, this generally takes the form of an ab initio genetic approach. To date, this genetic 'smoking gun' has remained elusive in diabetes mellitus and for many affected by neurodegenerative diseases. With no single gene, or even subset of genes, conclusively causative in all cases, other approaches to the etiology and treatment of these diseases seem reasonable, including the correlation of a systems' predisposed sensitivity to particular influence. In the cases of diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, overlapping themes of mitochondrial influence or dysfunction and iron dyshomeostasis are apparent and relatively consistent. This mini-review discusses the influence of mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disease, namely Alzheimer's disease. Also discussed is the incidence of diabetes accompanied by neuropathy and neurodegeneration along with neurodegenerative disorders prone to development of diabetes. Mouse models containing multiple facets of this overlap are also described alongside current molecular trends attributed to both diseases. As a way of approaching the idiopathic and complex nature of these diseases we are proposing the consideration of a MIND (mitochondria, iron, neurodegeneration, and diabetes) paradigm in which systemic metabolic influence, iron homeostasis, and respective genetic backgrounds play a central role in the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stroh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Hao Zhu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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26
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Squitti R, Ghidoni R, Siotto M, Ventriglia M, Benussi L, Paterlini A, Magri M, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Caprara D, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Pasqualetti P. Value of serum nonceruloplasmin copper for prediction of mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:574-80. [PMID: 24623259 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meta-analyses show that nonbound ceruloplasmin (non-Cp) copper (also known as free or labile copper) in serum is higher in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). It differentiates subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy controls. However, a longitudinal study on an MCI cohort has not yet been performed to assess the accuracy of non-Cp copper for the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD during a long-term follow-up. METHODS The study included 42 MCI converters and 99 stable MCI subjects. We assessed levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, non-Cp copper, iron, transferrin, ferritin, and APOE genotype. A multiple Cox regression analysis-with age, sex, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination, APOE4, iron, non-Cp copper, transferrin, ferritin, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension as covariates-was applied to predict the conversion from MCI to AD. RESULTS Among the evaluated parameters, the only significant predictor of conversion to AD was non-Cp copper (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.47, p = 0.022); for each additional micromole per liter unit (μmol/l) of non-Cp copper, the hazard increased by ~20%. Subjects with non-Cp copper levels >1.6 μmol/l had a hazard conversion rate (50% of conversion in 4 years) that was ~3× higher than those with values ≤1.6 μmol/l (<20% in 4 years). The rate of conversion was similar between APOE4 carriers and noncarriers (p = 0.321), indicating that the non-Cp copper association was independent of APOE4. INTERPRETATION Non-Cp copper appears to predict conversion from MCI to AD. These results encourage healthy life style choices and dietary intervention to modify this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Fatebenefratelli Foundation, AFaR Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome; Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana", Rome
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27
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Schrag M, Mueller C, Zabel M, Crofton A, Kirsch W, Ghribi O, Squitti R, Perry G. Oxidative stress in blood in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Spalletta G, Bucossi S, Siotto M, Assogna F, Melgari JM, Vernieri F, Squitti R. Effects of hemochromatosis and transferrin gene mutations on peripheral iron dyshomeostasis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:37. [PMID: 23935582 PMCID: PMC3733023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of iron metabolism has been observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We have carried out a molecular analysis investigating the interaction between iron specific gene variants [transferrin (TF, P589S), hemochromatosis (HFE) C282Y and (H63D)], iron biochemical variables [iron, Tf, ceruloplasmin (Cp), Cp:Tf ratio and % of Tf saturation (% Tf-sat)] and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants in 139 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 27 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 78 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 139 healthy controls to investigate mechanisms of iron regulation or toxicity. No difference in genetic variant distributions between patients and controls was found in our Italian sample, but the stratification for the APOEε4 allele revealed that among the APOEε4 carriers was higher the frequency of those carriers of at least a mutated TF P589S allele. Decreased Tf in both AD and MCI and increased Cp:Tf ratio in AD vs. controls were detected. A multinomial logistic regression model revealed that increased iron and Cp:Tf ratio and being man instead of woman increased the risk of having PD, that increased values of Cp:Tf ratio corresponded to a 4-fold increase of the relative risk of having MCI, while higher Cp levels were protective for PD and MCI. Our study has some limitations: the small size of the samples, one ethnic group considered, the rarity of some alleles which prevent the statistical power of some genetic analysis. Even though they need confirmation in larger cohorts, our data suggest the hypothesis that deregulation of iron metabolism, in addition to other factors, has some effect on the PD disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mariani
- Neurology, University "Campus Biomedico" Rome, Italy
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29
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Rembach A, Ryan TM, Roberts BR, Doecke JD, Wilson WJ, Watt AD, Barnham KJ, Masters CL. Progress towards a consensus on biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: a review of peripheral analytes. Biomark Med 2013; 7:641-62. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population and attempts to develop therapies have been unsuccessful because there is no means to target an effective therapeutic window. CNS biomarkers are insightful but impractical for high-throughput population-based screening. Therefore, a peripheral, blood-based biomarker for AD would significantly improve early diagnosis, potentially enable presymptomatic detection and facilitate effective targeting of disease-modifying treatments. The various constituents of blood, including plasma, platelets and cellular fractions, are now being systematically explored as a pool of putative peripheral biomarkers for AD. In this review we cover some less known peripheral biomarkers and highlight the latest developments for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Tim M Ryan
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - William J Wilson
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Andrew D Watt
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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30
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Alsadany MA, Shehata HH, Mohamad MI, Mahfouz RG. Histone deacetylases enzyme, copper, and IL-8 levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:54-61. [PMID: 23242124 PMCID: PMC10697231 DOI: 10.1177/1533317512467680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities. Epigenetic modification, oxidative stress, and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We aimed to detect noninvasive peripheral biomarkers with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and progression of AD. METHODS A total of 25 elderly patients with AD and 25 healthy control participants were selected and subjected to cognitive assessment and laboratory measures including histone deacetylases (HDACs), copper, and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels. RESULTS The levels of HDACs, copper, and IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with AD (P < .001) and had a significant negative effect on all cognitive assessment tests. Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that HDACs and copper levels had higher sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of HDACs and copper may be used as peripheral biomarkers in diagnosis of AD, while IL-8 level could be a useful biomarker in following AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad A Alsadany
- Geriatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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31
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Mao P. Oxidative Stress and Its Clinical Applications in Dementia. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2012; 2013:319898. [PMID: 26316986 PMCID: PMC4437276 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a complex disorder that mostly affects the elderly and represents a significant and growing public health burden in the world. Alzheimer's disease (AD)- associated dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common forms of dementia, in which oxidative stress is significantly involved. Oxidative stress mechanisms may have clinical applications, that is, providing information for potential biomarkers. Thus brain-rich peptides with an antioxidant property, such as CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), may be promising new markers. This paper summarizes the progress in research regarding oxidative stress in dementia with a focus on potential biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the main forms of dementia. Other central and peripheral biomarkers, especially those considered oxidative stress related, are also discussed. This paper aims to provide information to improve current understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of dementia. It also offers insight into the differential diagnosis of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhong Mao
- The Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- The Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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32
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Eskici G, Axelsen PH. Copper and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6289-311. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Eskici
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Paul H. Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
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