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Amini M, Alamian S, Talebhemmat M, Dadar M. Equine brucellosis in Iran: serological, bacteriological and molecular analysis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1511-1519. [PMID: 38366185 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Equine brucellosis significantly impacts the health and functionality of horses, leading to complications such as bursitis infection, septic tenosynovitis, septic arthritis, and non-specific lameness resulting from joint infections. In the present study, we used the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) assays to find equine brucellosis. From June 2018 to September 2022, 876 blood samples were randomly taken from apparently healthy racing horses in certain parts of Iran, such as Kerman, Isfahan, Tehran, Qom, and Kurdistan. DNA extraction was carried out directly on all 63 serum samples identified as seropositive through RBPT. An additional 30 seronegative serum samples were also randomly chosen for study. Bacterial culture was also done on milk, blood, and vaginal swabs taken from seropositive horses.The bacteria that were found in the samples were then put through Bruce-ladder PCR. Our results indicated that 63 (7.1%), 21 (2.3%), and 2 (0.2%) of horses were seropositive using RBPT, SAT, and 2-ME, respectively. Also, none of the 30 DNA-extracted serum samples from seronegative horses tested positive for Brucella DNA, while 44.5% (28/63) of the DNA samples from seropositive horses yielded positive results for Brucella DNA. Out of the seropositive samples, 26 had DNA from Brucella abortus and 2 had DNA from Brucella melitensis. Also, B. melitensis biovar 1 was found in two milk samples from mares in the provinces of Kerman and Isfahan. It was identified using classical biotyping, and molecular assays. It was seen that some of healthy racing horses in some parts of Iran had antibodies against Brucella. The bacteriology and PCR methodologies provide a more comprehensive and reliable means of identifying Brucella spp. infections in horse, especially when the RBPT test came back positive. This underscores the imperative for employing molecular, bacterial, and serological methods in the diagnosis and monitoring of this zoonotic infection. Additionally, this finding suggests that Brucella is being transmitted to equine hosts as a result of its presence in ruminants. The mechanism of transmission may involve interactions between infected ruminants and susceptible equines. This discovery is significant as it underscores the potential cross-species transmission of Brucella and highlights the importance of understanding and managing the spread of the pathogen in both ruminant and equine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Alamian
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Ma X, Wang Y, Wu Q, Ma X, Wang Q, Guo Q. Brucellosis infection complicated with myelitis: a case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1378331. [PMID: 38817447 PMCID: PMC11137236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1378331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a Gram-negative coccus a facultative intracellular pathogen. Neurobrucellosis has an incidence rate of 3-7% among all patients with brucellosis, while spinal cord involvement is rare and carries a significant mortality risk. This report describes a case of brucellosis myelitis in a 55-year-old male patient who presented with recurrent paralysis, incontinence, and damage to the visual and auditory nerves. The diagnosis of neurobrucellosis involves a serum tube agglutination test, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, a physical examination of the nervous system, and a comprehensive review of the patient's medical history. The presence of brucellosis was confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid using MetaCAP™ sequencing. Treatment with a combination of rifampicin, doxycycline, ceftriaxone sodium, amikacin, compound brain peptide ganglioside, and dexamethasone resulted in significant improvement of the patient's clinical symptoms and a decrease in the brucellosis sequence count in cerebrospinal fluid. For the first time, MetaCAP™ sequencing has been used to treat pathogenic microbial nucleic acids, which could be a valuable tool for early diagnosis and treatment of neurobrucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Puspitasari Y, Aryaloka S, Silaen OSM, Yanestria SM, Widodo A, Moses IB, Effendi MH, Afnani DA, Ramandinianto SC, Hasib A, Riwu KHP. Brucellosis: Unveiling the complexities of a pervasive zoonotic disease and its global impacts. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1081-1097. [PMID: 38938422 PMCID: PMC11199761 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One zoonotic infectious animal disease is brucellosis. The bacteria that cause brucellosis belong to the genus Brucella. Numerous animal and human species are affected by brucellosis, with an estimated 500,000 human cases recorded annually worldwide. The occurrence of new areas of infection and the resurgence of infection in already infected areas indicate how dynamically brucellosis is distributed throughout different geographic regions. Bacteria originate from the blood and are found in the reticuloendothelial system, the liver, the spleen, and numerous other locations, including the joints, kidneys, heart, and genital tract. Diagnosis of this disease can be done by bacterial isolation, molecular tests, modified acid-fast stain, rose bengal test (RBT), milk ring test, complement fixation test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum agglutination test. The primary sign of a Brucella abortus infection is infertility, which can result in abortion and the birth of a frail fetus that may go on to infect other animals. In humans, the main symptoms are acute febrile illness, with or without localization signs, and chronic infection. Female cattle have a greater risk of contracting Brucella disease. Human populations at high risk of contracting brucellosis include those who care for cattle, veterinarians, slaughterhouse employees, and butchers. Antibiotic treatment of brucellosis is often unsuccessful due to the intracellular survival of Brucella and its adaptability in macrophages. A "one health" strategy is necessary to control illnesses like brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suhita Aryaloka
- Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Widodo
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Daniah Ashri Afnani
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Mataram, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Mataram, Indonesia
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Mazwi KD, Kolo FB, Jaja IF, Byaruhanga C, Hassim A, van Heerden H. Polyphasic Characterization of Brucella spp. in Livestock Slaughtered from Abattoirs in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:223. [PMID: 38276208 PMCID: PMC10819803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In livestock, brucellosis is mainly an asymptomatic disease except when abortion occurs; therefore, two serological tests are used for diagnosis as no single test is suitable. Abattoir samples enable a combination of culture, molecular, and serological tests to detect brucellosis. This study assessed Brucella-specific PCR (ITS-PCR) to detect brucellosis and to conduct a molecular characterization of Brucella spp. isolated from PCR-positive livestock (n = 565) slaughtered at abattoirs and the appropriate sample tissue(s). ITS-PCR detected Brucella DNA in 33.6% of cattle, 14.5% of sheep, and 4.7% of pig tissues. Impure Brucella cultures from PCR-positive tissues were 43.6% (44/94) of cattle, 51.7% (15/29) of sheep, and 50% (2/4) of pigs with predominantly B. abortus identification with AMOS-PCR and low isolation of mixed B. abortus and B. melitensis in all species. In cattle, 33% of isolates were from lymph nodes, while in sheep 38.0% were from the liver and kidney and only from tonsils in pigs (2/4). Brucella infections identified with AMOS-PCR were present in seropositive and mainly seronegative (75.6-100%) livestock with the potential to cause brucellosis during pregnancy or breeding. This study demonstrated the value of the polyphasic approach, especially with chronic infections and the potential risk of these asymptomatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koketso Desiree Mazwi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, Entebbe P.O. Box 259, Uganda
| | - Ayesha Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Mazwi KD, Kolo FB, Jaja IF, Bokaba RP, Ngoshe YB, Hassim A, Neves L, van Heerden H. Serological Evidence and Coexposure of Selected Infections among Livestock Slaughtered at Eastern Cape Abattoirs in South Africa. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:8906971. [PMID: 38077996 PMCID: PMC10708957 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8906971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic infections were investigated in a cross-sectional study on asymptomatic livestock slaughtered in abattoirs in the Eastern Cape. Antibodies against Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii, and the coexposure were investigated in sera using serological tests. A total of 565 animals comprising of 280 cattle, 200 sheep, and 85 pigs were screened using RBT, iELISA, CFT, and AMOS-PCR. The Mast® Toxoreagent test and iELISA were used for the detection of T. gondii and C. burnetii, respectively. The Brucella positivity based on at least two tests was 4.3% (12/280), 1.0% (2/200), and 0.0% (0/85) in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity of 37.90% (106/280), 1.50% (3/200), and 7.10% (6/85) was observed in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity of 26.40% (74/280), 15.00% (30/200), and 2.40% (2/85) was observed in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Coexposure was detected in cattle for positivity against C. burnetii and T. gondii 40.54%, Brucella spp. and T. gondii 1.35%, and Brucella spp. and C. burnetii 4.05%. Coexposure for Brucella spp., C. burnetii, and T. gondii 4.05% was detected in cattle. Coexposure of Brucella spp. and C. burnetii 6.67% was detected in sheep. The AMOS-PCR identified B. abortus in cattle and a mixed infection of B. abortus and B. melitensis in sheep in 64.71% seropositive samples. To our knowledge, the coexposure of Brucella spp., T. gondii, and C. burnetii in cattle has not been reported. Coexposure of Brucella spp. and C. burnetii in cattle and sheep is significant as it results in reproductive losses and constitutes an infectious risk to humans. The detection of antibodies against multiple zoonotic infections in livestock from abattoirs has implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. D. Mazwi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F. B. Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - I. F. Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R. P. Bokaba
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y. B. Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L. Neves
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - H. van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
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Nandini P, Jakka P, Murugan S, Mazumdar V, Kumar D, Prakash R, Barbuddhe SB, Radhakrishnan G. Immuno-profiling of Brucella proteins for developing improved vaccines and DIVA capable serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253349. [PMID: 37860136 PMCID: PMC10582347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains a worldwide zoonotic disease with a serious impact on public health and livestock productivity. Controlling brucellosis in livestock is crucial for limiting human infections in the absence of effective human vaccines. Brucellosis control measures are majorly dependent on rigorous monitoring of disease outbreaks and mass vaccination of livestock. Live attenuated vaccines are available for livestock vaccination that play a vital role in brucellosis control programs in many countries. Even though the existing animal vaccines confer protection against brucellosis, they carry some drawbacks, including their infectivity to humans and interference with sero-monitoring. The available serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis depend on detecting anti-LPS antibodies in the serum. Since diagnosis plays a vital role in controlling brucellosis, developing improved serodiagnostic assays with enhanced specificity, sensitivity and DIVA capability is required. Therefore, it is essential to identify novel antigens for developing improved vaccines and serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. In the present study, we performed a high throughput immunoprofiling of B. melitensis protein microarray using brucellosis-positive human and animal serum samples. The screening identified several serodominant proteins of Brucella that exhibited common or differential reactivity with sera from animals and humans. Subsequently, we cloned, expressed, and purified ten serodominant proteins, followed by analyzing their potential to develop next-generation vaccines and improved serodiagnostic assays for brucellosis. Further, we demonstrated the protective efficacy of one of the serodominant proteins against the B. melitensis challenge in mice. We found that the seroreactive protein, Dps (BMEI1980), strongly reacted with brucellosis-positive serum samples, but it did not react with sera from B. abortus S19-vaccinated cattle, indicating DIVA capability. A prototype lateral flow assay and indirect ELISA based on Dps protein exhibited high sensitivity, specificity, and DIVA capability. Thus, the present study identified promising candidates for developing improved vaccines and affordable, DIVA-capable serodiagnostic assays for animal and human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachita Nandini
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subathra Murugan
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Varadendra Mazumdar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Richa Prakash
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
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Waringa NMA, Waiboci LW, Bebora L, Kinyanjui PW, Kosgei P, Kiambi S, Osoro E. Human brucellosis in Baringo County, Kenya: Evaluating the diagnostic kits used and identifying infecting Brucella species. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0269831. [PMID: 36719875 PMCID: PMC9888686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis diagnosis has been a challenge in Brucella-endemic areas. In Kenya, diagnosis is usually carried out using Febrile Brucella Antigen agglutination test (FBAT) whose performance is not well documented. This paper reports on the sensitivity and specificity of the FBAT used for brucellosis diagnosis on blood samples/serum collected in three healthcare facilities in Baringo County, Kenya, and on Brucella species present in the study area. The FBAT test results at the hospitals were used to guide patient management. Patients who visited the hospital's laboratory with a clinician's request for brucellosis testing also filled a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitudes associated with transmission of the disease in the study area. The remaining serum samples were tested again using FBAT and Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) within a month of blood collection at the University Nairobi Laboratory. The two rapid tests were then compared, with respect to brucellosis diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. To identify infecting Brucella species, a proportion 43% (71/166) of the blood clots were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis and B. suis. Out of 166 serum samples tested, 26.5% (44/166) were positive using FBAT and 10.2% (17/166) positive using RBPT. The sensitivity and specificity of FBAT compared to RBPT was 76.47% and 71.19%, respectively while the positive and negative predictive values were 29.55% and 96.72%, respectively. The FBAT showed higher positivity then RBPT. The difference in sensitivity and specificity of FBAT and RBPTs was relatively low. The high FBAT positivity rate would be indication of misdiagnosis; this would lead to incorrect treatment. Brucella abortus was detected from 9.9% (7/71) of the blood clots tested; no other Brucella species were detected. Thus human brucellosis, in Baringo was mainly caused by B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilly Bebora
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Philemon Kosgei
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stella Kiambi
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Ministry of Health, Zoonotic Diseases Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
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Evaluation of a Real-time PCR in Combination with a Cultivation Method for the Detection of Brucella Abortus in Organs of Infected Cattle in Southern Italy. J Vet Res 2022; 66:559-563. [PMID: 36846044 PMCID: PMC9944991 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis of great economic importance for livestock farming in many areas of the world. It is a highly infectious disease which is diagnosed using conventional serological and microbiological methods. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of a specific real-time PCR in combination with broth cultivation in detecting Brucella spp. in organs of infected cattle, in order to compare the sensitivity of the two approaches and the time needed in them until a correct diagnosis is made. Material and Methods We examined 67 organs collected from 10 cattle slaughtered following a brucellosis outbreak which occurred in February 2016 in southern Italy. The research was carried out by enrichment broth cultivations in combination with a real-time PCR every week for six weeks. Results Brucella strains were isolated by cultivation from 44 enrichment broths of organs. All isolates were later identified as Brucella abortus by real-time PCR. Using this method in combination with cultivation made it possible to identify the same percentage of infected animals faster than by cultivation alone. Moreover, the same diagnostic results were obtained, on average two weeks before they would have been using only cultivation. In almost all cases, Brucella was detected by real-time PCR after the first week of cultivation in pre-enrichment Brucella broth, while the bacterial growth was evident usually after 2 or 3 weeks. Conclusion Real-time PCR has allowed results to be obtained faster than in the classical microbiological method, reducing the response times to identify positive animals by half.
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Rapid vertical flow technique for the highly sensitive detection of Brucella antibodies with Prussian blue nanoparticle labeling and nanozyme-catalyzed signal amplification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:23. [PMID: 36422675 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Brucella, which is characterized by inflammation of reproductive organs and fetal membranes, abortion, infertility, and local inflammatory lesions of various tissues. Due to the widespread prevalence and spread of brucellosis, it has not only caused huge losses to animal husbandry, but also brought serious impacts on human health and safety. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis is of great significance for the effective control of brucellosis. Therefore, we have developed a rapid vertical flow technique (RVFT) using Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) as a marker material for the detection of brucellosis antibodies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purified and used to detect brucellosis antibodies to improve the sensitivity of this technique. To enhance the sensitivity of serum antibody detection, a single multifunctional compound buffer was created using whole blood as a biological sample while retaining the advantages of typical lateral flow immunoassays. After signal amplification, standard Brucella-positive serum (containing Brucella antibody at 4000 IU mL-1) could be detected in this system even at a dilution factor of 1 × 10-2. The detection limit was 40 IU mL-1, which is ten times that before signal amplification. This RVFT displayed good specificity and no cross-reactivity. This RVFT effectively avoided the false negative phenomenon of lateral flow immunoassays, was easy to operate, had a short reaction time, has good repeatability, and could elicit results that were visible to the naked eye for 2 ~ 3 min without any equipment. Since this method is very important for controlling the prevalence of brucellosis, it holds great promise for application in primary medical units and veterinary brucellosis detection.
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Demirpence M, Saytekin AM, Sareyyupoglu B, Esendal OM. Isolation and characterisation of Brucella melitensis by bacteriological and molecular methods from livestock in North Cyprus. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:497-509. [PMID: 38846429 PMCID: PMC11154879 DOI: 10.17221/150/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the isolation, biotyping and molecular characterisation of Brucella melitensis from cattle, sheep and goats in North Cyprus are reported on. A total of 319 raw milk samples obtained from seropositive dairy livestock (190 cattle, 74 sheep and 55 goats) and tissue samples including the liver, spleen and abomasal contents obtained from 32 aborted foetal samples (5 cattle, 18 sheep and 9 goats) were analysed for the presence and characterisation of the agent. B. melitensis was isolated and identified from 90 out of 319 (28.2%) milk and 19 out of 32 (59.4%) foetal samples by conventional bacteriological methods. Identification of all 109 isolates was confirmed by using real-time PCR with genus and species-specific primers. Following the preliminary identification, 27 selected isolates representing various counties and herds were further analysed by conventional methods. Twenty (74.1%) isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 1 and seven (25.9%) were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3. The Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay revealed that all the isolates were field strains. The results of the present study confirmed the presence of B. melitensis in livestock including the cattle population in North Cyprus. Even though the majority of the samples came from seropositive cattle, Brucella abortus was not isolated in the study. The results also revealed the potential public health risk of brucellosis in livestock emphasising the need of implementing strict control and eradication strategies against the disease in animal populations in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirpence
- Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Department, Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Murat Saytekin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Baris Sareyyupoglu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Memduh Esendal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus
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Behroozikhah AM, Dadar M, Asli E, Hosseini SD. Molecular Survey of Brucella melitensis Field Isolates using Sequence-Based PCR of Outer Membrane Protein 31. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:1261-1267. [PMID: 36618295 PMCID: PMC9759224 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355107.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been introduced as an effective and reliable method for bacterial strain typing, which could provide a reliable typing approach for clinical laboratories. This study aimed to describe the reproducibility and performance of the Outer Membrane Protein 31 (Omp31)-based PCR, as a molecular genotyping tool for Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) typing. The 31 KD outer-membrane protein of Brucella, which encodes the Omp31 gene, can be applied as an antigen to diagnose brucellosis. For this purpose, 146 samples were taken from human blood samples, bovine and camel lymph nodes, as well as sheep and goat aborted fetuses, including fetal kidney, abomasum, liver, lung, spleen, and heart for bacteriological investigation. The molecular detection of the Omp31 and IS711 genes was performed using the isolated B. melitensis (n=14). The sequencing of the Omp31 gene of B. melitensis in the Iranian field isolates was also performed for the whole gene sequencing. The homology of all sequences was then checked with the reported National Center for Biotechnology Information sequences using a basic local alignment search tool for the nucleotide diversity evaluation. The findings revealed that B. melitensis isolates were recovered from 14 examined cases and confirmed by the IS711-based PCR with a PCR product of 731 bp. Moreover, 14 Iranian B. melitensis sequences clustered together as a monophyletic grouping with bootstrap support of 63, and they were closely related to the B. melitensis reference isolates. This Omp31-based phylogenetic placement strongly indicates the monophyletic origin of the Iranian B. melitensis in different animals and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M Behroozikhah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - E Asli
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - S. D Hosseini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran
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12
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Katsiolis A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou K, Zdragas A, Giadinis ND, Petridou E. Brucella spp. distribution, hosting ruminants from Greece, applying various molecular identification techniques. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:202. [PMID: 35624476 PMCID: PMC9137169 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis still remains an endemic disease for both livestock and human in Greece, influencing the primary sector and national economy in general. Although farm animals and particularly ruminants constitute the natural hosts of the disease, transmission to humans is not uncommon, thus representing a serious occupational disease as well. Under this prism, knowledge concerning Brucella species distribution in ruminants is considered a high priority. There are various molecular methodologies for Brucella detection with however differential discriminant capacity. Hence, the aim of this survey was to achieve nationally Brucella epidemiology baseline genotyping data at species and subtype level, as well as to evaluate the pros and cons of different molecular techniques utilized for detection of Brucella species. Thirty-nine tissue samples from 30 domestic ruminants, which were found positive applying a screening PCR, were tested by four different molecular techniques i.e. sequencing of the 16S rRNA, the BP26 and the OMP31 regions, and the MLVA typing panel 1 assay of minisatellite markers. Results Only one haplotype was revealed from the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, indicating that molecular identification of Brucella bacteria based on this marker might be feasible solely up to genus level. BP26 sequencing analysis and MLVA were in complete agreement detecting both B. melitensis and B. abortus. An interesting exception was observed in 11 samples, of lower quality extracted DNA, in which not all expected MLVA amplicons were produced and identification was based on the remaining ones as well as on BP26. On the contrary OMP31 failed to provide a clear band in any of the examined samples. Conclusions The present study reveals the constant circulation of Brucella bacteria in ruminants throughout Greece. Further, according to our results, BP26 gene represents a very good alternative to MLVA minisatellite assay, particularly in lower quality DNA samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Katsiolis
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papageorgiou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Selim A, Kandeel S, Alshaya DS, Attia KA, AlKahtani MD, Albohairy FM, Megahed A. A Comparison of logistic regression and classification tree to assess brucellosis associated risk factors in dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 2022; 203:105664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Molecular detection of Brucella spp. in ruminant herds in Greece. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:173. [PMID: 35482257 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide distributed infectious disease. Ruminants and other animal species (swine, dogs, equids, etc.), as well as wild mammals, can be affected. The disease can be transmitted to humans through the food chain or by direct contact with infected animals. Because of the relatively high economic burden due to abortions within a herd, significant efforts have been employed and hence the disease in most European countries has been eradicated. Accordingly, Greece applies both control and eradication programs concerning small ruminants (sheep and goats) and bovines depending on the geographical area. Current challenges in the standard antibody-based laboratory methods used for Brucella detection are the failure to differentiate antibodies against the wild strain from the ones against the vaccine strain Rev1 and antibodies against B. melitensis from those against B. abortus. The aim of the study was to reexamine and combine previously published protocols based on PCR analysis and to generate a rapid, not expensive, and easy to perform diagnostic tool able to confirm the doubtful results delivered from serology. For this reason, 264 samples derived from 191 ruminants of the farm and divided in 2 groups (male/female) were examined with a modified DNA extraction and PCR protocol. Molecular examination revealed the presence of Brucella spp. in 39 out of 264 samples (derived from 30 animals). In addition, Brucella spp. was detected in infected tissues such as testicles, inguinal lymph nodes, fetal liver, and fetal stomach content.
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High-Resolution Melting PCR as Rapid Genotyping Tool for Brucella Species. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020336. [PMID: 35208791 PMCID: PMC8876322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella sp. are the causative agents of brucellosis. One of the main characteristics of the Brucella genus concerns its very high genetic homogeneity. To date, classical bacteriology typing is still considered as the gold standard assay for direct diagnosis of Brucella. Molecular approaches are routinely used for the identification of Brucella at the genus level. However, genotyping is more complex, and to date, no method exists to quickly assign a strain into species and biovar levels, and new approaches are required. Next generation sequencing (NGS) opened a new era into the diagnosis of bacterial diseases. In this study, we designed a high-resolution melting (HRM) method for the rapid screening of DNA and direct assignment into one of the 12 species of the Brucella genus. This method is based on 17 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified and selected from a whole genome SNP (wgSNP) analysis based on 988 genomes (complete and drafts). These markers were tested against the collection of the European Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for brucellosis (1440 DNAs extracted from Brucella strains). The results confirmed the reliability of the panel of 17 SNP markers, allowing the differentiation of each species of Brucella together with biovars 1, 2, and 3 of B. suis and vaccine strain Rev1 (B. melitensis) within 3 h, which is a considerable gain of time for brucellosis diagnosis. Therefore, this genotyping tool provides a new and quick alternative for Brucella identification based on SNPs with the HRM-PCR assay.
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Adabi M, Karami M, Keramat F, Alikhani MY, Bakhtiari S. Serological and molecular investigation of human brucellosis in participants of Famenin brucellosis cohort study, Hamadan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:319-324. [PMID: 34540170 PMCID: PMC8416596 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i3.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that causes brucellosis in humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the results of brucellosis seroprevalence among participants of the Famenin brucellosis cohort with molecular investigation technique and determine Brucella-approved species. Materials and Methods Following the first phase of the Famenin brucellosis cohort in 2016 which investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis among 2367 participants in Famenin city, a total of 575 people including all seropositive and some seronegative people were examined again by wright serological tests in 2019. The PCR assay was accomplished on all cases that have wright titers ≥ 1/20 for tracing Brucella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. Results Out of 575 studied cases, 145 people had wright titers ≥ 1/20. The PCR reactions of these 145 blood samples were positive in 63/145 (43.44%) tested samples using primers (B4/B5) for Brucella genus detection. In the second PCR assay using specific-primers for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, 18/63 (28.57%) of the samples were diagnosed as B. abortus, and 18/63 (28.57%) were diagnosed as B. melitensis. Conclusion In this study, using the selected specific genes for the diagnosis of Brucella in the genus and species levels, the PCR technique was evaluated as a promising method for the rapid and safe detection of brucellosis besides the serological test for more accurate detection of brucellosis especially in cases that are not definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adabi
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Health Sciences Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Somaye Bakhtiari
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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17
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Wen H, Jin D, Cai L, Wu T, Liu H. Neurobrucellosis with ischemic stroke and spinal cord involvement: a case report. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:129. [PMID: 33743640 PMCID: PMC7980546 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease that may have a variety of clinical manifestations when it affects the nervous system. Ischemic stroke is a rare clinical symptom, but if it is not diagnosed and treated early, it may cause more severe consequences. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 38-year-old man presenting with hearing impairment for four years and sudden weakness of the right limb for two years, recurrent aphasia, and gradual weakness of bilateral lower limbs for nine months. He had bilateral positive Babinski's sign. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed raised protein and pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed ischemic infarcts in the pons and extensive enhancement of spinal meninges combined with spinal cord atrophy and ischemia. The tests revealed Brucella Rose Bengal positive in serum and CSF. Brucella culture in CSF was also positive. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of CSF revealed positive for Brucella with 105 species were detected. He showed significant improvement with antibiotics at five months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Neurobrucellosis may mimic stroke and transverse myelitis like syndromes. NB is a treatable infectious condition and should always be considered in the differentials, especially if there are risk factors, as in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wen
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Cai
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 100049, Beijing, China.
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18
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Abdel-Hamid NH, Beleta EIM, Kelany MA, Ismail RI, Shalaby NA, Khafagi MHM. Validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction versus conventional polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle sera. Vet World 2021; 14:144-154. [PMID: 33642798 PMCID: PMC7896886 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.144-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have and are still being used for the direct detection of Brucella DNA in serum samples of different animal species and humans without being validated or properly validated, resulting in discrepancies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TaqMan Real-Time-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the bcsp31 gene versus conventional PCR for the accurate diagnosis of brucellosis at the genus level in cattle sera. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-four serum samples were collected from bacteriologically positive and negative cows with ages ranging from 1 to 5 years old at some infected private farms in the Nile Delta under quarantine measures as well as brucellosis free farms. These samples were classified into four groups after serological diagnosis and investigated by TaqMan RT-PCR and conventional PCR targeting the IS711 gene for Brucella DNA detection. The diagnostic performance characteristics of both PCR techniques were estimated considering the bacteriological results as a gold standard. Results: TaqMan RT-PCR revealed superiority over conventional PCR; it was able to detect Brucella DNA in 95% (67/70) and 89% (25/28) of the cattle sera samples belonging to Group 1 (serologically and bacteriologically positive) and Group 2 (serologically negative but bacteriologically positive), respectively. On evaluating the diagnostic performance, TaqMan RT-PCR showed superior diagnostic sensitivity (93.9%), diagnostic specificity (88.4%), performance index (182.3), almost perfect kappa agreement (0.825±0.042), strong positive correlation (r=0.826), high accuracy based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curve (0.911) at p<0.05 and CI of 95%. Conclusion: A cattle serum sample is not the metric of choice for targeting Brucella genomic DNA by conventional PCR. The time-saving and rapid TaqMan RT-PCR method revealed a better diagnostic performance in the detection of Brucella DNA in cattle sera. Such performance offered by TaqMan RT-PCR may be considered a step toward the possibility of using such technology in the direct differentiation between Brucella-infected and -vaccinated cattle immunized by smooth vaccines from cattle sera using primers specific for such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman I M Beleta
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kelany
- Department of Microbiology, The Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania I Ismail
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Shalaby
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Manal H M Khafagi
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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19
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Zamanian M, Jahani E, Mahmoudi H. Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of the Brucella Genus in Human Whole Blood and Serum. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602014010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Brucellosis disease is a serious zoonosis worldwide and only 17 countries have been recognized as free of brucellosis. The World Health Organization has reported that the incidence of brucellosis is 500,000 cases in a year. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an ideal method for the identification of brucellosis. The most common primers for the diagnosis of Brucella include B4/B5 and F4/R2. The advantages of multiplex PCR include targeting multiple sequences at the same time, and multiple results are produced in a single test run which saves time and the reagents simultaneously. The purpose of this investigation was to extend and optimize a multiplex PCR for the identification of genus Brucella from serum and whole blood samples.
Methods:
In this experimental and sectional study, blood samples of 25 suspected patients in the acute phase of brucellosis with serum titers higher than 1:80 were collected. Two pairs of specific primers of B4 and B5 the specific gene was amplified. PCR and Multiplex PCR were performed on blood and serum samples.
Results:
Among 25 blood samples, 15 cases (60%) and 9 cases (36%) and among 25 serum samples, 23 cases (92%) and 13 cases (52%) were positive for B4/B5 and F4/R2 in PCR, respectively. In multiplex PCR, among 25 blood samples, 5 cases (20%) showed both bands, 11 cases (44%) showed band 222bp, 4 cases (16%) showed band 905bp and 5 cases (20%) showed no bands. Among 25 serum samples, 6 cases (24%) showed both bands, 15 cases (60%) showed band 222bp, 3 cases (12%) showed band 905bp and 1 case (4%) showed no bands.
Conclusion:
The results of this study show that this multiplex PCR can be used for the diagnosis of brucellosis with high sensitivity in clinical laboratories routinely and it can serve as an alternative substitution for risky culture method and nonspecific serological methods.
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20
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Maji S, Manjunath N, Bahubali VH, Shome R, Palaniappan M, Lahiri S, Ravikumar R, Parthasarathi S, Chandrashekar N. Neurobrucellosis: A neglected entity? An update from tertiary care Neurocentre of South East Asia. J Neurol Sci 2020; 411:116683. [PMID: 32001377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurobrucellosis is the most serious complication of brucellosis with neither a typical clinical manifestations nor a specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) picture and mimics other neurological disorders leading to diagnostic dilemma. The prevalence of Neurobrucellosis ranges from 1.7 to 10% of brucellosis worldwide. This present study highlights the integrated diagnostic and clinical approaches in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis. Cases with neurological abnormalities associated with abnormal CSF findings were included in the study. Serum and CSF samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), standard tube agglutination test (STAT), indirect Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for IgM & IgG antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect BCSP31 gene. Out of 473 cases, 278 (58.8%) were positive in serum and/or CSF by any of the methods. Out of 278, Only IgM anti-brucella antibody was positive in 105 (22.19%) cases. 122 (25.79%) cases were positive by any of the diagnostic methods in serum and not in CSF whereas 51(10.78%) cases were positive in serum and CSF and these 51 cases were considered as Neurobrucellosis among patients presenting with neurological illness. Chronic meningitis was the most common form of presentation. Multimodal differential diagnostic approaches are crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with neurobrucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Maji
- Dept. of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Netravathi Manjunath
- Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Veenakumari H Bahubali
- Dept. of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Marimuthu Palaniappan
- Dept. Of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, karnataka, India
| | - Shayanki Lahiri
- Dept. of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Ravikumar
- Dept. of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nagarathna Chandrashekar
- Dept. of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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21
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Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucella Species in Dogs in Pakistan. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040294. [PMID: 31847082 PMCID: PMC6963446 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in Pakistan. The status of canine brucellosis caused by B. canis remains obscure. In total, 181 serum samples were collected from stray and working dogs in two different prefectures viz. Faisalabad (n = 87) and Bahawalpur (n = 94). Presence of antibodies against B. canis and B. abortus/B. melitensis was determined using the slow agglutination test (SAT) and ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to detect and differentiate Brucella DNA at the species level. In Faisalabad, the serological prevalence was found to be 9.2% (8/87) and 10.3% (9/87) by SAT and ELISA, respectively. Only one of the ELISA positive samples (1.15%) yielded amplification for B. abortus DNA. In Bahawalpur, 63.8% (60/94) samples were found positive by SAT; however, none of the samples was positive by ELISA or by real-time PCR. Location, age (≥1 year) and body condition (weak) were found to be associated with B. canis infection, whereas presence of wounds was found to be associated with B. abortus infection only. These findings point towards a risk of transmission from dog to livestock and humans and vice versa. The study expects to draw the attention of concerned authorities towards infection prevention and animal welfare. This study warrants further epidemiological investigation on brucellosis in pet dogs and their owners. To the best of our knowledge, this is first ever report on B. canis and B. abortus in dogs in Pakistan.
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Che LH, Qi C, Bao WG, Ji XF, Liu J, Du N, Gao L, Zhang KY, Li YX. Monitoring the course of Brucella infection with qPCR-based detection. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 89:66-71. [PMID: 31521852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine blood Brucella DNA loads between brucellosis patients and those without brucellosis. METHODS The patient group included 350 brucellosis patients. The control was composed of 200 subjects without brucellosis. The extracted DNA from blood was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The cutoff value was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A portion of the brucellosis patients were monitored by qPCR during therapy. RESULTS The detection limit of qPCR was between 1E+01cfu/μL and 1E+08cfu/μL. The standard curve R2 reached 0.998. The cutoff value was 4E+01cfu/μL, which was determined by comparison of the patient group and the control. The qPCR assay had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.14%. The monitoring results showed that the Brucella DNA load decreased in most patients during the first 4 weeks of treatment. One patient with bad treatment compliance showed a rebound. CONCLUSIONS The qPCR results were in accordance with the course of brucellosis in the clinic. The DNA load often reflects the situation of the Brucella-infected patient. The cutoff value provides an important reference of infection. This qPCR-based method can be used to assist in the diagnosis of brucellosis and to adjust the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-He Che
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Chong Qi
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Wan-Guo Bao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Xu-Feng Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Kai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
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Amoupour M, Nezamzadeh F, Bialvaei AZ, Sedighi M, Jazi FM, Alikhani MY, Mirnejad R. Differentiation of Brucella abortus and B. melitensis biovars using PCR-RFLP and REP-PCR. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 32:100589. [PMID: 31641507 PMCID: PMC6796647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases of animal and human beings. This study aimed to differentiate the Brucella spp. and determines the patterns of biovars by using repetitive element palindromic (REP)-PCR and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. A total of 100 blood specimens suspected of harbouring brucellosis were collected. Conventional culture methods and multiplex PCR were used for the detection of Brucella genus and species; and REP-PCR was used for Brucella spp. differentiation and polymorphisms sequence analysis. In addition, to identify the biovar patterns of REP-PCR, PCR-RFLP was used. Eighty-three samples were identified as harbouring Brucella spp. by the implementation of multiplex PCR, 72 of which were detected as Brucella melitensis and 11 as B. abortus. Also, through analysing the results of PCR-RFLP, it was found that of 72 B. melitensis samples, 69 were B. melitensis biovar 1 and three species were from other biovars. In addition, the obtained patterns for all of the B. abortus samples were from biovars 3, 5, 6 and 9. This study also optimized a test for the detection of Brucella biovar with the REP-PCR method such that Brucella spp. and biovars could be separated in the shortest possible time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amoupour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Nezamzadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - A Z Bialvaei
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sedighi
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - F M Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Y Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - R Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Recombinant Omp2b antigen-based ELISA is an efficient tool for specific serodiagnosis of animal brucellosis. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:979-984. [PMID: 31352634 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of brucellosis as a worldwide zoonotic disease is based on vaccination of animals and diagnosis of infected cases to be eradicated. Accurate and rapid detection of infected animals is of critical importance for preventing the spread of disease. Current detection of brucellosis is based on whole-cell antigens and investigating serum antibodies against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The critical disadvantage is misdiagnosis of vaccinated animals as infected ones and also cross-reactions with other Gram-negative bacteria. Recombinant outer membrane protein 2b (Omp2b) of Brucella abortus was evaluated as a novel serodiagnostic target in comparison to conventional tests which are based on LPS. Recombinant Omp2b (rOmp2b) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified by Ni2+-based chromatography. rOmp2b was evaluated in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for diagnosis of brucellosis, with sera from Brucella-infected mice along with negative sera and sera from mice which were inoculated with other Gram-negative species for assurance of specificity. Thereafter, cattle sera collected from different regions were assessed along with known negative and known positive serum samples. We found that Omp2b can discriminate between Brucella-infected animals and non-infected ones. Results for assessment of two hundred and fifty cattle sera by Omp2b-based indirect ELISA which were compared to Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and serum tube agglutination test (SAT) showed that our proposed procedure has the sensitivity of 88.5%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 90.8%. We suggest that recombinant Omp2b could be used as a protein antigen for diagnosis of brucellosis in domestic animals and can be evaluated for detection of human brucellosis.
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Yespembetov BA, Syrym NS, Zinina NN, Sarmykova MK, Konbayeva GM, Basybekov SZ, Mussayeva AK, Kanatbayev SG, Bazarbayev M, Siyabekov ST. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Brucella isolates from the Republic of Kazakhstan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2361-2370. [PMID: 31177470 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Brucella isolates from the Republic of Kazakhstan and to determine their biotype. The focus was laid on culture-morphological, biochemical, and biological properties of 59 Brucella isolates from primary cultures. Material was isolated from blood and tissue of serum-positive killed, dead diseased, or aborted domestic cattle from different regions of Kazakhstan where brucellosis is a common problem. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of all strains, isolated in different regions, has shown that Brucella isolates from the epizootic form two clusters. Based on the comparison with strains available in the MLVA database, B. abortus 0015/B is alike the B. abortus strains isolated from Italy and Portugal. B. melitensis 0016/B isolated from the Almaty region fits the third cluster and is alike the B. melitensis strains isolated from humans in Turkey, China, and Portugal. More than 90% of the overall B. abortus samples were isolated from the northern regions of the East and West Kazakhstan, while B. melitensis strains were registered in the southeast Kazakhstan. The most frequently recorded B. abortus biovar is biovar 3. The most frequently recorded B. melitensis biovars are biovars 1 and 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: These results contribute to a better understanding of the geographic pattern of Brucella infection in Kazakh cattle also important for developing the specific control measures. The results of current research can be used for creating a gene bank of Brucella strains circulating in Kazakhstan for producing diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The research material will be used to solve the problems of genetic characterization of Brucella species and to establish the phylogenetic relationships of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazym S Syrym
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysk, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nadezhda N Zinina
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysk, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marat Bazarbayev
- Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Laboratory Diagnostic Procedures for Human Brucellosis: An Overview of Existing Approaches. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.91200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Comparison of six methods of DNA extraction for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis by real-time PCR. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1025-1028. [PMID: 31101955 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which affects domestic animals and is transmissible to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate six methods of DNA extraction directly from bovine tissue to detect Brucella spp. The Cq values for all samples were above 30 and varied according to the extraction kit used, but four kits showed no statistical difference in sensitivity. This work demonstrates the importance of choosing the best extraction kit before validation of a molecular diagnostic technique.
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Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Kalleshamurthy T, Yaranna C, Shekar R, Natesan K, Sahay S, Shome BR, Rahman H, Barbuddhe SB, Barman NN, Das SK, Shome R. Fluorescence polarization assay: Diagnostic evaluation for porcine brucellosis. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 156:46-51. [PMID: 30521866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in pigs, caused by the bacterium Brucella suis, is an important zoonotic infection. In the present study, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) was standardized and compared with indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and competitive ELISA (cELISA) for diagnosis of porcine brucellosis. Test performances were evaluated using representative panel (n = 100), samples from swine brucellosis outbreak (n = 300), samples from brucellosis suspected animals (n = 291) and sera samples from apparently healthy animals (n = 1121). With panel samples, the FPA cut-off ≥11ΔmP was arrived with sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of 95.00 and 98.75%, respectively. Testing of samples from swine brucellosis outbreak, the diagnostic Se and Sp of 100 and 95.14% by iELISA, 73.91 and 100% by cELISA and 86.96 and 100% by FPA, respectively were recorded. Similarly, in case of swine brucellosis suspected samples, relative performance of FPA with cELISA had revealed higher kappa value of 0.864 with an accuracy of 93.47. Indirect ELISA was found to be highly sensitive but showed cross reactivity mainly for Yersinia enterocolitica O9 antibodies than cELISA and FPA. The high specificity of FPA test recorded in various types of samples in the study indicated that, FPA could serve as confirmatory test for individual animal diagnosis, outbreak confirmation, surveillance and quarantine of swine brucellosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; Jain University, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jaya Nagar, Bengaluru- 560041, India
| | - Chaithra Yaranna
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ranjitha Shekar
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, NASC Complex, CG Centre, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India
| | - Sailendra Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India.
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Kalleshamurthy T, Shekar R, Niranjanamurthy HH, Natesan K, Shome BR, Bambal RG, Sairiwal L, Barbuddhe SB, Sahare A, Kilari S, Rahman H, Shome R. Assessment of fluorescence polarization assay: a candid diagnostic tool inBrucella abortusstrain 19 vaccinated areas. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:694-701. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
- Centre for Post Graduate Studies; Jain University; Jaya Nagar, 3 block Bengaluru 560041 India
| | - Ranjitha Shekar
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Harish Heballi Niranjanamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | | | - Lipi Sairiwal
- Department of Animal Husbandry; Dairying and Fisheries; Krishi Bhavan New Delhi 110001 India
| | | | - Amol Sahare
- Intervet India; MSD Animal Health; Briahnagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road Wagholi 412207 Pune India
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Intervet India; MSD Animal Health; Briahnagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road Wagholi 412207 Pune India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute; NASC Complex, CG Centre, Pusa New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
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Saytekin AM, Ak S. Direct diagnosis of Brucella species through multiplex PCR formed by a new method. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:86-94. [PMID: 30336164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop direct PCR methods, which enable the diagnosis of brucellosis agents from ruminant aborted fetus samples at species and genus levels, and determine the applicability of the newly developed methods. For this purpose, 137 lung, 137 liver, and 52 fetal stomach fluid samples belonging to 166 ruminant aborted fetuses (326 samples in total) were examined. Firstly, agent isolation and identification were performed and species-specific multiplex PCR (m-PCR) from the culture was applied to the samples. In addition, the Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method was modified and termed 'modified Mayer-Scholl', and genus specific Bcsp31 PCR was also modified with minor changes. Four different methods were applied to direct examination samples and the obtained results were compared. The conventional culture method was set as the standard method to which sensitivities and specificities of the molecular methods were calculated. According to the assessments on the basis of fetus (n = 166), sensitivity and specificity values for modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 94.11% and 98.76%, and the same indicators for the modified Bcsp31 PCR were 95.29% and 98.76%, respectively. When all organ samples were taken into account (n = 326), sensitivity and specificity values for the modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 85.38% and 98.06%, and for the modified Bcsp31 PCR, they were 83.62% and 98.06%, respectively. As a result, it was found that the diagnostic power of the tests were 'high' when results were evaluated at fetus level. On the other hand, it was found to be 'clinically useful' when evaluated at organ level. We concluded that species level identifications can be made through the modified Mayer-Scholl method, which is a direct m-PCR method, with a high diagnostic power by specifying DNAs belonging to Brucella species directly from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Murat Saytekin
- Reference Diagnosis Laboratory for Brucellosis, Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, 34890, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyyal Ak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
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Lazarevic V, Gaïa N, Girard M, Leo S, Cherkaoui A, Renzi G, Emonet S, Jamme S, Ruppé E, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C, Schrenzel J. When Bacterial Culture Fails, Metagenomics Can Help: A Case of Chronic Hepatic Brucelloma Assessed by Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1566. [PMID: 30065706 PMCID: PMC6056729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we sequenced DNA extracted from a necrotic hepatic lesion from a patient with suspected chronic hepatic brucelloma but negative culture results. Although most of the taxonomically classified sequencing reads corresponded to human genome sequences, our data suggest that whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing may be used together with other tests to strengthen the diagnosis of hepatic brucelloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Leo
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalam Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Emonet
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Jamme
- Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mazlina M, Khairani-Bejo S, Hazilawati H, Tiagarahan T, Shaqinah NN, Zamri-Saad M. Pathological changes and bacteriological assessments in the urinary tract of pregnant goats experimentally infected with Brucella melitensis. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:203. [PMID: 29940976 PMCID: PMC6019509 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate the pathological changes and distribution of B. melitensis in the urinary tract of pregnant goats following acute experimental infection. Six Jamnapari crossbred does in their third trimester of pregnancy were randomly assigned into two groups; Group 1 was uninfected control and Group 2 was inoculated conjunctival with 0.1 mL of the inoculums containing 109 cfu/mL of live B. melitensis. All does were sacrificed 30 days post-inoculation before the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra and vaginal swab were collected for isolation of B. melitensis. The same tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for hematoxylin and eosin, and immunoperoxidase staining. Results None of the goats showed clinical signs or gross lesions. The most consistent histopathology finding was the infiltration of mononuclear cells, chiefly the macrophages with few lymphocytes and occasionally neutrophils in all organs along the urinary tract of the infected goats of Group 2. Other histopathology findings included mild necrosis of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, congestion and occasional haemorrhages in the various tissues. Kidneys showed the most severe lesions. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed the presence of B. melitensis within the infiltrating macrophages and the epithelium of renal tubules, ureter, urethra and urinary bladder. Most extensive distribution was observed in the urinary bladder. Brucella melitensis was successfully isolated at low concentration (3.4 × 103 cfu/g) in the various organs of the urinary tract and at high concentration (2.4 × 108 cfu/mL) in the vaginal swabs of all infected goats. Although B. melitensis was successfully isolated from the various organs of the urinary tract, it was not isolated from the urine samples that were collected from the urinary bladder at necropsy. Conclusion This study demonstrates the presence of low concentrations of B. melitensis in the organs of urinary tract of pregnant does, resulting in mild histopathology lesions. However, B. melitensis was not isolated from the urine that was collected from the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazlina
- Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Khairani-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Hazilawati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T Tiagarahan
- Puncak Jalil Veterinary Clinic, Taman Puncak Jalil, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N N Shaqinah
- Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Zamri-Saad
- Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Lambert S, Gilot-Fromont E, Freycon P, Thébault A, Game Y, Toïgo C, Petit E, Barthe MN, Reynaud G, Jaÿ M, Garin-Bastuji B, Ponsart C, Hars J, Rossi S. High Shedding Potential and Significant Individual Heterogeneity in Naturally-Infected Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex) With Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1065. [PMID: 29892274 PMCID: PMC5985404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife reservoirs of infectious diseases raise major management issues. In Europe, brucellosis has been eradicated in domestic ruminants from most countries and wild ruminants have not been considered important reservoirs so far. However, a high prevalence of Brucella melitensis infection has been recently identified in a French population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), after the emergence of brucellosis was confirmed in a dairy cattle farm and two human cases. This situation raised the need to identify the factors driving the persistence of Brucella infection at high prevalence levels in this ibex population. In the present paper, we studied the shedding pattern of B. melitensis in ibex from Bargy Massif, French Alps. Bacteriological examinations (1-15 tissues/samples per individual) were performed on 88 seropositive, supposedly infected and euthanized individuals. Among them, 51 (58%) showed at least one positive culture, including 45 ibex with at least one Brucella isolation from a urogenital sample or a lymph node in the pelvic area (active infection in organs in the pelvic area). Among these 45 ibex, 26 (30% of the total number of necropsied animals) showed at least one positive culture for a urogenital organ and were considered as being at risk of shedding the bacteria at the time of capture. We observed significant heterogeneity between sex-and-age classes: seropositive females were most at risk to excrete Brucella before the age of 5 years, possibly corresponding to abortion during the first pregnancy following infection such as reported in the domestic ruminants. The high shedding potential observed in young females may have contributed to the self-sustained maintenance of infection in this population, whereas males are supposed to play a role of transmission between spatial units through venereal transmission during mating. This heterogeneity in the shedding potential of seropositive individuals should be considered in the future to better evaluate management scenarios in this system as well as in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lambert
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.,VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Pauline Freycon
- VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Anne Thébault
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Sèvrier, France
| | | | - Gaël Reynaud
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Maryne Jaÿ
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean Hars
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gap, France
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35
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Saxena HM, Raj S. A novel immunotherapy of Brucellosis in cows monitored non invasively through a specific biomarker. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006393. [PMID: 29641606 PMCID: PMC5912783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing huge economic losses worldwide. Currently no effective immunotherapy for Brucellosis or any biomarker to monitor the efficacy of therapy is available. Treatment is ineffective and animals remain carrier lifelong. S19 and RB51 are live attenuated vaccine strains of Brucella abortus. However, S19 induces only antibody, ineffective for intracellular pathogen. RB51 induces cell mediated immunity (CMI) but it is Rifampicin resistant. Both organisms are secreted in milk and can infect humans and cause abortions in animals. Phage lysed bacteria (lysates) retain maximum immunogenicity as opposed to killing by heat or chemicals. We report here the successful immunotherapy of bovine Brucellosis by phage lysates of RB51 (RL) and S19 (SL). The SL induced strong antibody response and RL stimulated CMI. In vitro restimulation of leukocytes from RL immunized cattle induced interferon gamma production. A single subcutaneous dose of 2 ml of cocktail lysate (both RL and SL), eliminated live virulent Brucella from Brucellosis affected cattle with plasma level of Brucella specific 223 bp amplicon undetectable by RT-PCR and blood negative for live Brucella by culture in 3 months post-immunization. This is the first report on minimally invasive monitoring of the efficacy of antibacterial therapy employing plasma RNA specific for live bacteria as a biomarker as well as on the use of RB51 phage lysate for successful immunotherapy of Brucellosis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Mohan Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Hull N, Miller J, Berry D, Laegreid W, Smith A, Klinghagen C, Schumaker B. Optimization of Brucella abortus Protocols for Downstream Molecular Applications. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e01894-17. [PMID: 29436425 PMCID: PMC5869842 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01894-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the performances of various DNA extraction kits for their ability to recover Brucella abortus strain 19 inoculated into Brucella-free bovine tissues. Tissues were homogenized in a FastPrep bead homogenizer and extracted in triplicate by using one of five kits (Qiagen DNeasy, GE Illustra, Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., Quanta Extracta, and IBI Science DNA Tissue kit). Whole blood was also taken from animals prior to chemical euthanasia, aliquoted, and then fractioned into buffy coat, red blood cells, and plasma. DNA was extracted from whole blood, buffy coat, and plasma by using four kits (Qiagen DNeasy, Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., IBI Science DNA Blood kit, and 5PRIME PerfectPure). Previously reported primers targeting strain 19 were used to amplify extracted DNA and identify the optimal extraction kit. Real-time PCR was performed, and kits were compared for statistical differences by using quantification cycles as an outcome measure. Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A. was superior (P < 0.0068) in its lower quantification cycle values across all tissue kits. The IBI Science DNA Blood kit was superior to Qiagen DNeasy, 5PRIME PerfectPure, and Quanta Extracta (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0004, and P = 0.0013, respectively) but was not different from Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A. (P = 1.0). In summary, the optimal extraction kit for B. abortus strain 19 for tissues is Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., and that for blood and its fractions is the IBI Science Mini Genomic DNA kit. Eluted DNA was also concentrated by using the Zymo Research DNA Clean & Concentrator-25 kit. Concentrated eluted DNA with the target was superior (P = <0.0001) to unconcentrated eluted DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Hull
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - David Berry
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - William Laegreid
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Ashley Smith
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Callie Klinghagen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Brant Schumaker
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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Abstract
Brucellosis remains the most common bacterial zoonotic infection in many countries worldwide. Despite being long recognized and controllable, the disease still causes substantial morbidity, affecting especially the young population. The aim of this review is to provide insight to the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of childhood brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham E Bukhari
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Rahdar HA, Golmohammadi R, Mirnejad R, Ataee RA, Alishiri GH, Kazemian H. Diversity of virulence genes in Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus detected from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:247-250. [PMID: 29578063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus genomes were investigated in the synovial fluid (SF) samples from 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DNA extraction and PCR assay were performed for simultaneous identification and discrimination of B. melitensis and B. abortus from the SF using three specific primers. After gel electrophoresis, the PCR products were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The cbg, omp31, manA, virB, and znuA virulence genes typing were performed by multiplex-PCR. Of the 90 samples, 14 were positive for B. melitensis (n = 9; 10%) and B. abortus (n = 5; 5.5%). The virulotyping of positive samples revealed the presence of all five virulence genes in B. melitensis. The virB, cbg, and om31 were detected in all five samples of B. abortus. In addition, zhuA and manA were detected in three (60%) and four (80%) samples, respectively, of the B. abortus-positive samples. Moreover, a total of 94.2% and 89.2% of the 14 positive samples were also found positive for manA and znuA, respectively. Our findings revealed that the Brucella spp. genomes can be detected in the SF of RA patients by the PCR-based method. We thus suggest that physicians should consider the Brucella spp. as indicators of potential RA for the timely diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Ataee
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Alishiri
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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El-Sayed A, Awad W. Brucellosis: Evolution and expected comeback. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:S31-S35. [PMID: 30761318 PMCID: PMC6161863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a serious infectious disease which causes great direct and indirect economic loses for animal holders worldwide such as the reduction of milk and meat production through abortions/culling of positive reactors, the expense of disease control/eradication and farmers compensation. Although the disease was eradicated from most of the industrial countries, it remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases in developing countries being responsible for more than 500,000 new cases yearly. Brucella is considered to be a bioterrorism organism due to its low infectious doses (10-100 bacteria), capability of persistence in the environment, rapid transmission via different routes including aerosols, and finally due to its difficult treatment by antibiotics.There are many reasons to believe that a new comeback of brucellosis may occur in near future. This expectation is supported by the recent discovery of new atypical Brucella species with new genetic properties and the recent reports of (man to man) disease transmission as will be discussed later. The development of new concepts and measurements for disease control is urgently required. In the present review, the evolution of Brucella and the different factors favoring its comeback are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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40
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Li M, Zhou X, Li J, Sun L, Chen X, Wang P. Real-time PCR assays for diagnosing brucellar spondylitis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0062. [PMID: 29489665 PMCID: PMC5851713 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to diagnose brucellar spondylitis because of its nonspecific clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues was superior to conventional serum-based methods for diagnosing brucellar spondylitis.This retrospective study included 31 patients with brucellosis and a control group of 20 people with no history of brucellosis or exposure to Brucella spp. Samples from all patients with brucellar spondylitis were evaluated using Giemsa staining, the standard tube agglutination (STA) test, blood culture, and real-time PCR.The brucellar spondylitis was acute in 7 patients (22.6%), subacute in 15 patients (48.4%), and chronic in 9 patients (29%). Serological assays provided positive results for 25 patients (80.1%), real-time PCR provided positive results for 29 patients (93.5%), and blood cultures provided positive results for 11 patients (35.5%). The real-time PCR provided sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. The corresponding values for the STA test were 80.1%, 100%, 100%, and 76.9%, respectively. Real-time PCR provided better sensitivity than Giemsa staining, the STA test, and blood culture, although the difference between PCR and STA was not statistically significant (P = .22). B melitensis was the only pathogen that was detected in patient with brucellar spondylitis using real-time PCR.These results suggest that real-time PCR provides a high sensitivity for diagnosing brucellar spondylitis. Furthermore, the real-time PCR results indicate that B melitensis was the causative pathogen in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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A systematic review of current immunological tests for the diagnosis of cattle brucellosis. Prev Vet Med 2018; 151:57-72. [PMID: 29496108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide extended zoonosis with a heavy economic and public health impact. Cattle, sheep and goats are infected by smooth Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, and represent a common source of the human disease. Brucellosis diagnosis in these animals is largely based on detection of a specific immunoresponse. We review here the immunological tests used for the diagnosis of cattle brucellosis. First, we discuss how the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp), balance should be adjusted for brucellosis diagnosis, and the difficulties that brucellosis tests specifically present for the estimation of DSe/DSp in frequentistic (gold standard) and Bayesian analyses. Then, we present a systematic review (PubMed, GoogleScholar and CABdirect) of works (154 out of 991; years 1960-August 2017) identified (by title and Abstract content) as DSe and DSp studies of smooth lipopolysaccharide, O-polysaccharide-core, native hapten and protein diagnostic tests. We summarize data of gold standard studies (n = 23) complying with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria with regards to test methodology and definition of the animals studied (infected and S19 or RB51 vaccinated cattle, and Brucella-free cattle affected or not by false positive serological reactions). We also discuss some studies (smooth lipopolysaccharide tests, protein antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity [skin] tests) that do not meet the criteria and yet fill some of the gaps in information. We review Bayesian studies (n = 5) and report that in most cases priors and assumptions on conditional dependence/independence are not coherent with the variable serological picture of the disease in different epidemiological scenarios and the bases (antigen, isotype and immunoglobulin properties involved) of brucellosis tests, practical experience and the results of gold standard studies. We conclude that very useful lipopolysaccharide (buffered plate antigen and indirect ELISA) and native hapten polysaccharide and soluble protein tests exist, provided they are applied taking into account the means available and the epidemiological contexts of this disease: i) mass vaccination; ii) elimination based on vaccination combined with test-and-slaughter; and iii) surveillance and existence of false positive serological reactions. We also conclude that the insistence in recent literature on the lack of usefulness of all smooth lipopolysaccharide or native hapten polysaccharide tests in areas where S19 vaccination is implemented is a misinterpretation that overlooks scientific and practical evidence.
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42
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Detection of Brucella spp. in Dairy Products by Real-Time PCR. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Cosford KL. Brucella canis: An update on research and clinical management. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2018; 59:74-81. [PMID: 29302106 PMCID: PMC5731389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Canada, Brucella canis remains a potentially devastating infectious agent that is still considered uncommon, despite the increasing international movement of dogs. There may be a growing risk to the Canadian canine population due to a reliance on outdated seroprevalence studies and the lack of federal regulation. With the complex diagnostic and management challenges associated with Brucella canis, a One Health approach is necessary to address the need for ongoing research, including updating canine and human seroprevalence rates in Canada, elucidating the pathogenesis, and determining the most appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Clinical management decisions are often complicated by currently available treatment protocols, and health risks to both canine and human populations. This article integrates recent research focusing on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Brucella canis, and outlines current clinical management approaches.
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Mongkolrattanothai K, Naccache SN, Bender JM, Samayoa E, Pham E, Yu G, Dien Bard J, Miller S, Aldrovandi G, Chiu CY. Neurobrucellosis: Unexpected Answer From Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017; 6:393-398. [PMID: 28062553 PMCID: PMC6251619 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A diagnosis of brucellosis can be difficult because routine culture and serological methods exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity. We present the use of a metagenomic next- generation sequencing assay to diagnose a case of neurobrucellosis from cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the institution of appropriate antibiotic treatment and a favorable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia N Naccache
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,Department of Laboratory Medicine,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Erik Samayoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth Pham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Guixia Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Dien Bard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Grace Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California,Corresponding Author: C.Y. Chiu, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Box #0134, San Francisco, CA 94107. E-mail:
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45
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Golshani M, Buozari S. A review of Brucellosis in Iran: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:349-59. [PMID: 28766326 PMCID: PMC5572431 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.6.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis caused by species of Brucella is among the most prevalent zoonoses with the annual incidence of half a million cases globally. Most parts of Iran are endemic for brucellosis, and the annual incidence of the human and animal brucellosis is still high. At present, there is no safe and protective human vaccine against brucellosis, and the only preventive strategy is animal vaccination, which harbors significant disadvantages. Considering the identification of many immunogenic proteins in Brucella, several studies have recently been performed to evaluate the vaccine potency of such antigens as a new subunit vaccine candidate. This review represents an overview of brucellosis in Iran, including epidemiology, transmission routs, diagnosis, and treatment. Moreover, it mainly highlights the history of brucellosis control and prevention in Iran, including eradication programs, vast livestock vaccination programs, and subunit vaccine studies. It also discusses major problems that the country encounters with disease control. In recent years, Persian scientists have focused on evaluating the efficacy of best Brucella immunogens in vivo to introduce a new subunit vaccine. The results of some studies could demonstrate the vaccine potential of some immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golshani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Buozari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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46
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High level of B19 strain detection in Brazilian cattle semen. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:433-439. [PMID: 29082458 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Semen contaminated with microorganisms can disseminate serious diseases including brucellosis. The objectives of this study were to detect Brucella-specific antibodies and Brucella abortus DNA in samples of blood and fresh semen from 100 animals older than 20 months. The samples were collected on farms and in semen collection and processing centers (CCPS). The serum samples were evaluated by Rose Bengal test (RBT). B. abortus DNA was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using BAB and IS771 primers. The difference between the vaccine field strain was identified using ery-1, ery-2, and ery-3 primers, using the hemi-nested PCR method. No anti-B. abortus antibodies were detected in the serum samples. Out of the total semen samples, 68% (68/100) presented amplifications of the B. abortus genes. All (68/68) were identified as B19 strain of Brucella abortus vaccine. It was concluded that even bulls that are seronegative for brucellosis can eliminate the bacteria in the semen. The presence in the DNA of the B19 vaccine strain should be investigated for a better understanding of the epidemiological importance of this strain in these animals.
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47
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Mustafa AS, Habibi N, Osman A, Shaheed F, Khan MW. Species identification and molecular typing of human Brucella isolates from Kuwait. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182111. [PMID: 28800594 PMCID: PMC5553756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of major concern in Kuwait and the Middle East. Human brucellosis can be caused by several Brucella species with varying degree of pathogenesis, and relapses are common after apparently successful therapy. The classical biochemical methods for identification of Brucella are time-consuming, cumbersome, and provide information limited to the species level only. In contrast, molecular methods are rapid and provide differentiation at intra-species level. In this study, four molecular methods [16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA)-8, MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 were evaluated for the identification and typing of 75 strains of Brucella isolated in Kuwait. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of all isolates showed 90-99% sequence identity with B. melitensis and real-time PCR with genus- and species- specific primers identified all isolates as B. melitensis. The results of ERIC-PCR suggested the existence of 75 ERIC genotypes of B. melitensis with a discriminatory index of 0.997. Cluster classification of these genotypes divided them into two clusters, A and B, diverging at ~25%. The maximum number of genotypes (n = 51) were found in cluster B5. MLVA-8 analysis identified all isolates as B. melitensis, and MLVA-8, MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 typing divided the isolates into 10, 32 and 71 MLVA types, respectively. Furthermore, the combined minimum spanning tree analysis demonstrated that, compared to MLVA types discovered all over the world, the Kuwaiti isolates were a distinct group of MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 types in the East Mediterranean Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu S. Mustafa
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Nazima Habibi
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Amr Osman
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Faraz Shaheed
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mohd W. Khan
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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48
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Kaden R, Ferrari S, Alm E, Wahab T. A novel real-time PCR assay for specific detection of Brucella melitensis. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:230. [PMID: 28340558 PMCID: PMC5366107 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonosis that occurs worldwide. The disease has been completely eradicated in livestock in Sweden in 1994, and all cases of confirmed human brucellosis are imported into Sweden from other countries. However, due to an increase in the number of refugees and asylum seekers from the middle-east to Sweden, there is a need to improve the current diagnostic methodology for Brucella melitensis. Whilst culture of Brucella species can be used as a diagnostic tool, real-time PCR approaches provide a much faster result. The aim of this study was to set up a species-specific real-time PCR for the detection of all biovars of Brucella melitensis, which could be used routinely in diagnostic laboratories. METHODS A Brucella melitensis real-time PCR assay was designed using all available genomes in the public database of Brucella (N = 96) including all complete genomes of Brucella melitensis (N = 17). The assay was validated with a collection of 37 Brucella species reference strains, 120 Brucella melitensis human clinical isolates, and 45 clinically relevant non-Brucella melitensis strains. RESULTS In this study we developed a single real-time PCR for the specific detection of all biovars of Brucella melitensis. CONCLUSIONS This new real-time PCR method shows a high specificity (100%) and a high sensitivity (1.25 GE/μl) and has been implemented in the laboratories of four governmental authorities across Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Kaden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sevinc Ferrari
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics, Stockholm, Umeå and Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Alm
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara Wahab
- Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics, Stockholm, Umeå and Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Ducrotoy MJ, Bardosh KL. How do you get the Rose Bengal Test at the point-of-care to diagnose brucellosis in Africa? The importance of a systems approach. Acta Trop 2017; 165:33-39. [PMID: 27725154 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major neglected zoonotic disease, whose burden both in animals and humans is severely under-reported. Diagnosis in humans identifies cases in order to treat the disease at the individual level. In animals diagnosis is implemented at the population level in the context of appropriate control or eradication strategies. Molecular and bacteriological diagnosis are rarely undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa, at least outside research projects, due to cost, skills and laboratory infrastructure issues. The brucellosis toolbox contains a wide range of serological tests, but the perfect test for use in animals and humans respectively does not exist. Drug and diagnostic discovery for the neglected zoonoses are notoriously poor, and there is limited investment interest in developing new tools for brucellosis diagnosis. But are current tools being used to their full capacity? The rose Bengal test (RBT) stands out as an efficient, practical and very cheap test adapted for use in the resource-poor context. In this paper, we argue that a social science or system's approach to explore the practicality of improving diagnostic capacity at the point-of care in high-risk brucellosis areas of rural Africa may be a step towards solving the issue of under-diagnosis, but this must go hand-in-hand with implementation of control measures at source in the animal reservoir and capacity to treat human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Kevin L Bardosh
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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Ducrotoy M, Bertu W, Matope G, Cadmus S, Conde-Álvarez R, Gusi A, Welburn S, Ocholi R, Blasco J, Moriyón I. Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control. Acta Trop 2017; 165:179-193. [PMID: 26551794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.
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