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Tran LM, Nguyen PH, Young MF, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. The relationships between optimal infant feeding practices and child development and attained height at age 2 years and 6-7 years. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13631. [PMID: 38450914 PMCID: PMC11168365 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the long-term effects of early feeding practices on child growth and development. We examined the relationships between infant feeding practices and child height and development at ages 2 and 6-7 years. We studied 885 mother-child dyads from a randomized controlled trial of preconception supplementation in Vietnam. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), breastfeeding (BF) duration and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Child development was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 2 years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children® - IV at 6-7 years. Child height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was calculated from child height and age. Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used in analyses that controlled for confounding. EIBF and EBF at 6 months occurred in 52% and 62% of children, respectively. Mean breastfeeding duration was 18 months and 83% achieved MDD at 1 year. EIBF was associated with motor (β = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.28) and cognitive development at 2 years (β = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.26), which in turn were positively associated with cognitive development at 6-7 years. EBF was directly associated with development at 6-7 years (β = 0.21, 95% CI:0.08, 0.34) whereas motor and cognitive development at 2 years explained 41%-75% of the relationship between EIBF and development at 6-7 years. HAZ at 2 years also mediated 70% of the association between MDD at 1 year and HAZ at 6-7 years. BF duration was not associated with child development and HAZ. Early infant feeding practices, especially EIBF and EBF, have important long-term implications for optimizing child linear growth and cognition as they begin school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mai Tran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate SchoolEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Phuong H. Nguyen
- Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and MedicineThai NguyenVietnam
| | - Melissa F. Young
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate SchoolEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate SchoolEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate SchoolEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hong J, Chang JY, Oh S. The Current Status of Prolonged Breastfeeding and Its Related Factors in Korean Infants and Their Mothers: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e261. [PMID: 37605500 PMCID: PMC10442503 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International authorities recommend prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) for 12-24 months or more with 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, this study attempted to help encourage and educate breastfeeding (BF) over 1 year by investigating long-term BF trends and related factors in Korean infants and their mothers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on data on children aged 12-23 months and their mothers from 2010 to 2020. BF rates were compared between KNHANES V (2010-2012), KNHANES VI (2013-2015), KNHANES VII (2016-2018), and part of KNHANES VIII (2019-2020). In addition, data related to mothers and infants, including demographics, socioeconomic, educational, and health status, were collected, and their association with BF status was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 933 infants included in the study, the proportions achieving full BF at 6 months of age and PBF at 12 and 18 months were 34.8%, 33.7%, and 7.1%, respectively. Over the past 10 years, the trends of all three BF practices have significantly decreased since 2016 (P < 0.001). Of the 849 infants whose maternal data were available, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that EBF for 6 months (defined as full BF at 1, 3, and 6 months of age) positively correlated with maternal and infants' factors such as unemployed status, past BF experience, no history of drinking, and infants' birth weight of ≥ 2.5 kg. The mother's education level, particularly the nutrition label impact, current employment status, and smoking and drinking status, were significantly associated with PBF for ≥ 12 months but were not related to PBF for ≥ 18 months, except for drinking status. CONCLUSIONS In Korea, the long-term BF rate of ≥ 12 months has declined in the past 10 years, and BF becomes rare after 18 months. Higher maternal interest in nutrition information appears to be driving access to PBF over 12 months than EBF for 6 months or PBF over 18 months. To promote PBF over 12 months in Korea, it may be helpful to strengthen nutrition education that specifically emphasizes the benefits of PBF along with EBF, especially during infant health examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sohee Oh
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Alahmed S, Win K, Frost S, Al Mutair A, Fernandez R, Meedya S. Cultural and linguistic appropriateness of a web-based breastfeeding educational resource for Saudi women: Consensus development conference approach. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 71:103717. [PMID: 37453369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the content, images and layout of the web-based breastfeeding educational resource for Saudi women using a consensus development approach. BACKGROUND Although the World Health Organization highly recommends exclusive breastfeeding, there is a decline in breastfeeding rates in Saudi Arabia, especially during hospital stay. The combining of health professional support with e-technology tools has been proposed as a method to increase exclusive breastfeeding. However, the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of an e-technology-based approach has not been explored in Saudi women. METHODS After developing a content draft of the web-based breastfeeding educational resource specific to Saudi culture, an online consensus development conference was organised with ten participants including two university researchers and eight health care providers to investigate the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the educational content. The participants from Saudi Arabia were Saudi mothers who had breastfeeding experiences and were key maternity health professionals employed at the Maternity and Children Hospital of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The SQUIRE checklist was used in the reporting of this study. RESULTS Feedback received prior to the meeting showed that 81% of the content was acceptable and minor changes were required. Changes were made to the content based on the suggestions and feedback received. The consensus group accepted all the changes and the content was finalised. CONCLUSIONS The online consensus development conference was found to be a very convenient way to decide on the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the content of the web-based breastfeeding educational resource allowing the participation of experts from different countries; this was considered a critical step in ensuring the successful implementation of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alahmed
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Australia; College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khin Win
- School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Steve Frost
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Australia; College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bent Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Princess Nourah Bent Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shahla Meedya
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Australia, University of Wollongong, Australia
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Hoyt AT, Wilkinson AV, Langlois PH, Galeener CA, Ranjit N, Dabelea DM, Moore BF. Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Childhood Cognition and Behavior: Effect Modification by Maternal Folate Intake and Breastfeeding Duration. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01524-x. [PMID: 37029873 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory analysis, we assessed whether nutrition modified the association between prenatal exposure to tobacco and childhood cognition/behavior among 366 Colorado-based mothers and their offspring (born ≥ 37 weeks with birthweights ≥ 2500 g). Interaction by folate (≥ 1074 µg/day) and breastfeeding (≥ 5 months) was assessed by including a product term with cotinine (≥ limit of detection [LOD]) in regression models for NIH Toolbox and Child Behavior Checklist T-scores. Main effects were observed between cotinine ≥ LOD and inhibitory control (- 3.2; 95% CI: - 6.8, 0.3), folate < 1074 µg/day and anxious/depressed symptoms (1.1; 95% CI: 0.1, 2.1), and breastfeeding < 5 months and receptive language (- 4.3; 95% CI: - 8.5, - 0.02), though these findings would not survive Bonferroni correction. Breastfeeding modified the tobacco-behavior associations. Sleep (3.8; 95% CI: 0.5, 7.1; interaction p-value = 0.02), depressive (4.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 8.2; interaction p-value = 0.01) and total problems (5.8; 95% CI: - 0.7, 12.4; interaction p-value = 0.09) were observed among tobacco-exposed offspring who breastfed > 5 months, but not for shorter durations. Our findings support the need for smoking cessation campaigns throughout pregnancy and throughout the postpartum period breastfeeding to reduce neurobehavioral risks in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Hoyt
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carol A Galeener
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, Fleming Center Health for Care Management Houston, UTHealth School of Public Health- Houston Regional Campus, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA.
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Tran V, Reese Masterson A, Frieson T, Douglass F, Pérez‐Escamilla R, O'Connor Duffany K. Barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding among Black mothers: A qualitative study utilizing a modified Barrier Analysis approach. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13428. [PMID: 36098279 PMCID: PMC9749593 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding has health benefits for both infants and mothers, yet Black mothers and infants are less likely to receive these benefits. Despite research showing no difference in breastfeeding intentions by race or ethnicity, inequities in breastfeeding rates persist, suggesting that Black mothers face unique barriers to meeting their breastfeeding intentions. The aim of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators that Black women perceive as important determinants of exclusively breastfeeding their children for at least 3 months after birth. Utilizing a Barrier Analysis approach, we conducted six focus group discussions, hearing from Black mothers who exclusively breastfed for 3 months and those who did not. Transcripts were coded starting with a priori parent codes based on theory-derived determinants mapped onto the Socioecological Model; themes were analysed for differences between groups. Facilitators found to be important specifically for women who exclusively breastfed for 3 months include self-efficacy, lactation support, appropriate lactation supplies, support of mothers and partners, prior knowledge of breastfeeding, strong intention before birth and perceptions of breastfeeding as money-saving. Barriers that arose more often among those who did not exclusively breastfeed for 3 months include inaccessible lactation support and supplies, difficulties with pumping, latching issues and perceptions of breastfeeding as time-consuming. Lack of access to and knowledge of breastfeeding laws and policies, as well as negative cultural norms or stigma, were important barriers across groups. This study supports the use of the Socioecological Model to design multicomponent interventions to increase exclusive breastfeeding outcomes for Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tran
- Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement (CARE)Southern Connecticut State University and Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Amelia Reese Masterson
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement (CARE)Southern Connecticut State University and Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Tomeka Frieson
- Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement (CARE)Southern Connecticut State University and Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Frankie Douglass
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement (CARE)Southern Connecticut State University and Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Kathleen O'Connor Duffany
- Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement (CARE)Southern Connecticut State University and Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Hass JV, Panceri C, Procianoy RS, Silveira RDC, Valentini NC. Risk Factors for cognitive, motor and language development of preterm children in the first year of life. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2023; 41:e2021165. [DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To perform a longitudinal investigation of risk factors in premature infants’ cognitive, motor, and language development. Methods: Thirty-three preterm infants were assessed at 4, 8, and 12 months of corrected age, using the Bayley-III Scales. Parents completed questionnaires regarding development opportunities at home, parenting practices and knowledge. Results: Significant associations were found (1) at 4-months between cognitive scores and family income, variety of stimuli, availability of toys, parenting practices and knowledge; language and parenting practices; and motor skills and parenting practices; (2) at 8-months between cognitive score and length of stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), gestational age, birth weight, toys, and parenting knowledge; language and toys; and motor skills and toys and parenting knowledge; (3) at 12-months between cognitive scores and length of stay in the NICU, family income, breastfeeding, toys, and parenting knowledge; language and income and toys; and motor scores and length of stay in the NICU, gestational age, income, stimuli, toys, and parenting knowledge. Regression analyses indicated that: for (1) cognitive development, stimulus variety explained 72% of the model variance at 4 months of age; time at the NICU explained 67 and 43% at 8 and 12 months of age, respectively, and breastfeeding time explained 41% of the model variance at 12 months; (2) for language development, family income explained 42% of the model variance at 12 months; and for motor development (3), time at the NICU explained 80% of the model variance at 12 months. Conclusions: The development over the first year of life is not explained by the severity of birth conditions and associated morbidities only, but also by parenting practices.
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Pereyra-Elías R, Quigley MA, Carson C. To what extent does confounding explain the association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development up to age 14? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267326. [PMID: 35613097 PMCID: PMC9132301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding duration is associated with improved cognitive development in children, but it is unclear whether this is a causal relationship or due to confounding. This study evaluates whether the observed association is explained by socioeconomic position (SEP) and maternal cognitive ability. Methods Data from 7,855 singletons born in 2000–2002 and followed up to age 14 years within the UK Millennium Cohort Study were analysed. Mothers reported breastfeeding duration, and children’s cognitive abilities were assessed at 5, 7, 11, and 14 years using validated measures. Standardised verbal (age 5 to 14) and spatial (age 5 to 11) cognitive scores were compared across breastfeeding duration groups using multivariable linear mixed-effects models (repeated outcome measures). Results At all ages, longer breastfeeding durations were associated with higher cognitive scores after accounting for the child’s own characteristics. Adjustment for SEP approximately halved the effect sizes. Further adjustment for maternal cognitive scores removed the remaining associations at age 5, but not at ages 7, 11 and 14 (e.g.: verbal scores, age 14; breastfed ≥12 months vs never breastfed: 0.26 SD; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.34). Conclusion The associations between breastfeeding duration and cognitive scores persist after adjusting for SEP and maternal cognitive ability, however the effect was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Pereyra-Elías
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria A. Quigley
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Carson
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Marjan AQ, Sartika R. Correlation between Catch-up Growth in Early Childhood with Cognitive Ability among School-Aged Children (10–12 Years): A Longitudinal Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children’s cognitive abilities are influenced by the nutritional condition of children in early childhood. Catch-up growth in early childhood affects cognitive abilities at school age.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of catch-up growth in early childhood on the cognitive abilities of school-aged children in Indonesia.
METHODS: This study was a cohort study incorporating 10 years of follow-up using three waves of secondary data (1997, 2000, and 2007) from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. Research studies and data analysis were carried out from April to September 2021. The initial data collection of the study was conducted in 1997 when the children were 0–23 months old, then followed in 2000 (age 3–5 years) and 2007 (age 10–12 years). The study subjects were 537 children aged 0–23 months in 1997. Cognitive ability was measured using the Raven Progressive Matrices method. Statistical analysis for cognitive ability scores with catch-up growth was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis using the generalized linear model.
RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the cognitive ability scores of normal children and stunted children who did not experience catch-up growth (p<0.001), but the cognitive scores of normal children are not significantly different from the stunting catch-up growth group. Other factors that affect the cognitive ability score were as follows: (1) Child factors consist of child stunting status, head circumference, hemoglobin levels, duration of breastfeeding, and complete basic immunization history; (2) parental factors such as father’s occupation, parental education, and number of parity; (3) household socioeconomic factors (household income and wealth index); and (4) environmental factors (housing area, father’s smoking habit, defecation facilities, and household drinking water sources).
CONCLUSION: Cognitive abilities of school-age children were most influenced by catch-up growth, stunting status, duration of breastfeeding, number of parity, father’s education, father’s occupation, and father’s smoking habit. Children who experience catch-up growth have better cognitive abilities than stunted non-catch-up group or who experience stunting during early life.
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Omand JA, Janus M, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Aglipay M, Randall Simpson J, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Duku E, Reid-Westoby C, Birken CS. Nutritional Risk in Early Childhood and School Readiness. J Nutr 2021; 151:3811-3819. [PMID: 34587245 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition in early childhood is important for healthy growth and development. Achieving school readiness is considered one of the most important developmental milestones for young children. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine if nutritional risk in early childhood is associated with school readiness in kindergarten. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) primary care research network in Toronto, Canada, 2015-2020. Nutritional risk was measured (18 mo to 5 y) using validated parent-completed questionnaires called Nutrition Screening for Toddlers and Preschoolers (NutriSTEP). High nutritional risk was categorized as scores ≥21. School readiness was measured using the validated teacher-completed Early Developmental Instrument (EDI), which measures 5 developmental domains in kindergarten (2 y of schooling, ages 4-6 y, before they enter grade 1). Vulnerability indicates scores lower than a population-based cutoff at the 10th percentile on at least 1 domain. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were conducted adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS The study included 896 children: 53% were male, 9% had high nutritional risk, and 17% were vulnerable on the EDI. A 1-SD increase in NutriSTEP total score was associated with 1.54 times increased odds of being vulnerable on the EDI among children in year 2 of kindergarten (P = 0.001). High nutritional risk cutoff was associated with 4.28 times increased odds of being vulnerable on the EDI among children in year 2 of kindergarten (P < 0.001). NutriSTEP total score and high nutritional risk were associated with lower scores on all 5 EDI domains, with the strongest association observed for the domains of language and cognitive development and communication skills and general knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Higher nutritional risk in early childhood is associated with lower school readiness in year 2 of kindergarten. Nutritional interventions early in life may offer opportunities to enhance school readiness. This trial was registered www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01869530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Omand
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- The Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Aglipay
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Pediatric Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Duku
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Reid-Westoby
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ickes SB, Sanders H, Denno DM, Myhre JA, Kinyua J, Singa B, Lemein HS, Iannotti LL, Farquhar C, Walson JL, Nduati R. Exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in Kenya: Perspectives from women, families and employers. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13194. [PMID: 33949782 PMCID: PMC8476403 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life improves survival, growth and development. In Kenya, recent legislation and policies advocate for maternity leave and workplace support for breastfeeding and breast milk expression. We conducted a qualitative study to describe factors influencing EBF for 6 months among mothers employed in commercial agriculture and tourism. We interviewed employed mothers (n = 42), alternate caregivers and employed mothers' husbands (n = 20), healthcare providers (n = 21), daycare directors (n = 22) and commercial flower farm and hotel managers (n = 16) in Naivasha, Kenya. Despite recognizing the recommended duration for EBF, employed mothers describe the early cessation of EBF in preparation for their return to work. Managers reported supporting mothers through flexible work hours and duties. Yet, few workplaces have lactation spaces, and most considered adjusting schedules more feasible than breastfeeding during work. Managers and healthcare providers believed milk expression could prolong EBF but thought mothers lack experience with pumping. The most frequently suggested interventions for improving EBF duration were to expand schedule flexibility (100% of groups), provide on-site daycare (80% of groups) and workplace lactation rooms (60% of groups), improve milk expression education and increase maternity leave length (60% of groups). Returning to work corresponds with numerous challenges including lack of proximate or on-site childcare and low support for and experience with milk expression. These factors currently make EBF for 6 months unattainable for most mothers in these industries. Interventions and supports to improve breastfeeding upon return to work are recommended to strengthen employed mothers' opportunity for EBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Ickes
- Department of Applied Health ScienceWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
- Department of Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Hannah Sanders
- Department of Applied Health ScienceWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
| | - Donna M. Denno
- Department of Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN)NairobiKenya
| | - Jennifer A. Myhre
- Naivasha Sub‐County Referral Hospital, Serge East AfricaNaivashaKenya
| | | | | | | | - Lora L. Iannotti
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Judd L. Walson
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN)NairobiKenya
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya
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Ahmed KY, Agho KE, Page A, Arora A, Ogbo FA. Interventions to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048700. [PMID: 34400457 PMCID: PMC8370540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Ethiopia, despite the implementation of several interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, no published studies have highlighted the most effective IYCF interventions in the country. This systematic review investigated the impacts of various interventions on IYCF in Ethiopia. SOURCE OF INFORMATION A systematic search was conducted on seven computerised bibliographic databases (Embase, ProQuest Central, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed and CINAHL) to locate experimental or quasi-experimental studies published between the year 2000 and May 2021. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Interventional studies that measured IYCF indicators (early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF), exclusive breast feeding (EBF), the introduction of complementary foods, minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet) as outcome variables were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS All included studies were examined for biases related to interventional studies (ie, selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, detection bias and reporting bias). Author reports of effect size measures were used to narratively report the findings of each study. RESULTS Of the 23 eligible studies, 14 studies were quasi-experimental and 9 studies were cluster randomised trials (CRTs). Eight quasi-experimental studies had a serious risk of bias, while two CRTs had a high risk of bias. Four studies for EBF and six studies for EIBF showed significant impacts of policy advocacy, health service strengthening, interpersonal communication, community mobilisation and mass media campaigns. Six studies for MDD and three studies for MMF indicated significant effects of community-level and health facility complementary feeding promotions on infants and young children. Interventions that delivered in combination increased the impacts in improving EIBF, MDD and MMF compared with a single intervention. CONCLUSION Our review showed that 12 out of 21 eligible studies that implemented in the form of community-level and health facility interventions improved EIBF, EBF, and/or MDD in Ethiopia. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO, CRD42020155519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Afar, Ethiopia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University-Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Barmera Medical Clinic (Lake Bonney Private Medical Clinic), Barmera, South Australia, Australia
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Osteopontin Levels in Human Milk Are Related to Maternal Nutrition and Infant Health and Growth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082670. [PMID: 34444830 PMCID: PMC8402120 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein found in human tissues and body fluids. OPN in breast milk is thought to play a major role in growth and immune system development in early infancy. Here, we investigated maternal factors that may affect concentrations of OPN in breast milk, and the possible associated consequences for the health of neonates. Methods: General characteristics, health status, dietary patterns, and anthropometric measurements of 85 mothers and their babies were recorded antenatally and during postnatal follow-up. Results: The mean concentration of OPN in breast milk was 137.1 ± 56.8 mg/L. Maternal factors including smoking, BMI, birth route, pregnancy weight gain, and energy intake during lactation were associated with OPN levels (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were determined between body weight, length, and head circumference, respectively, and OPN levels after one (r = 0.442, p = < 0.001; r = −0.284, p = < 0.001; r = −0.392, p = < 0.001) and three months (r = 0.501, p = < 0.001; r = −0.450, p = < 0.001; r = −0.498, p = < 0.001) of lactation. A negative relation between fever-related infant hospitalizations from 0–3 months and breast milk OPN levels (r = −0.599, p < 0.001) was identified. Conclusions: OPN concentrations in breast milk differ depending on maternal factors, and these differences can affect the growth and immune system functions of infants. OPN supplementation in infant formula feed may have benefits and should be further investigated.
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Ekholuenetale M, Barrow A, Ekholuenetale CE, Tudeme G. Impact of stunting on early childhood cognitive development in Benin: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-020-00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proper nutrition is crucial for enhancing brain function and improving learning. Over time, large evidence has existed to show that childhood undernutrition, marked by stunting, is connected with age-long reduction in cognitive and academic achievement. It is of interest to achieve healthy growth and optimal cognitive development in early childhood. The objective of this study was to examine stunting considered to adversely influence cognitive development among children and therefore of public health importance.
Results
About two thirds (64.3%) of under-five children attained optimal cognition. Stunted children had 7% reduction in optimal cognitive development, compared with not stunted children (RR = 0.93; 95%CI 0.83, 0.98). Among the covariates, geographical region was significantly associated with optimal cognitive development. In addition, children of Islamic, traditional/other religion, and no religion had significant reduction in optimal cognitive development, compared with children of Christianity belief. Children from mothers who had secondary and tertiary education, listened to radio, and watched television had an increase in optimal cognitive development, compared with children from uneducated mothers. Furthermore, children from mothers who are employed had an 8% increase in optimal cognitive development (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.14).
Conclusion
Due to the adverse impact of stunting on optimal cognitive development, we suggest that government and stakeholders in child welfare should ensure that development programmes combine health and nutrition services with early learning and rely on families as partners to have children’s cognitive development effectively. Early childhood cognitive development programmes should be implemented through families and caregivers, with special focus on disadvantaged children as a poverty reduction strategy, and ensure that all children are adequately nourished.
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Shah S, Jeong KS, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Kim B, Chang N, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim BN, Kwon H, Bae S, Kim HC, Leem JH, Park EK, Joo H, Park B, Ha M, Ha E. Environmental pollutants affecting children's growth and development: Collective results from the MOCEH study, a multi-centric prospective birth cohort in Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105547. [PMID: 32088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study (MOCEH) is a multi-centric prospective birth cohort study investigating effects of various environmental pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, air pollutants, nutrition and lifestyle on birth outcomes, growth and development, health and disease of children. In this study, we report all the outcomes from the MOCEH study describing the different environmental pollutants affecting children's health and disease. METHODS In MOCEH study, 1,751 pregnant women in their first trimester were recruited at 3 centers from 2006 to 2010 in South Korea. The children were followed from birth up to 6 years. Information on health outcomes of children including birth parameters, demographic characteristics, medical and child-rearing history, and nutritional status, were repeatedly obtained through the follow-ups by questionnaires administration, clinical evaluation, and biological specimen collection and measurements. Prenatal and postnatal measurement in biospecimen, i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, malonadialdehyde, hippuric acid, bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites, and measurement in air samples, i.e., particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and total volatile organic compounds were performed. RESULTS The results show the adverse effect of prenatal exposure to heavy metals like mercury, lead and cadmium on children's physical, cognitive and neurobehavioral development. Exposure to endocrine disruptors, air pollution, second hand smoke, and mother's lifestyle during pregnancy affects children's growth and development. We also identified specific window periods of exposure of pollutants significantly related to children's health outcomes. CONCLUSION The collective results from MOCEH study provide strong scientific evidence that exposures to prenatal and postnatal environmental pollutants have a negative effect on growth and development of children, which will be useful in implementing effective national policy to improve children's environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abbink MR, Schipper L, Naninck EF, de Vos CM, Meier R, van der Beek EM, Lucassen PJ, Korosi A. The Effects of Early Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation, and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Later-Life Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020570. [PMID: 32098348 PMCID: PMC7071477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop metabolic and brain disorders in adulthood. Breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) is associated with improved metabolic and neurocognitive health outcomes, and the physical properties of the dietary lipids may contribute to this. Here, we tested whether early life exposure to dietary lipids mimicking some physical characteristics of breastmilk (i.e., large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Concept Nuturis® infant milk formula (N-IMF)), could protect against ES-induced metabolic and brain abnormalities under standard circumstances, and in response to prolonged Western-style diet (WSD) in adulthood. ES was induced by exposing mice to limited nesting material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. From P16 to P42, male offspring were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF, followed by either standard rodent diet (SD) or WSD until P230. We then assessed body composition development, fat mass, metabolic hormones, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and neurogenesis (proliferation and survival). Prolonged WSD resulted in an obesogenic phenotype at P230, which was not modulated by previous ES or N-IMF exposure. Nevertheless, ES and N-IMF modulated the effect of WSD on neurogenesis at P230, without affecting cognitive function, highlighting programming effects of the early life environment on the hippocampal response to later life challenges at a structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maralinde R. Abbink
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (E.M.v.d.B.)
| | - Eva F.G. Naninck
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Cato M.H. de Vos
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Romy Meier
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (E.M.v.d.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0031205257638
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Burr S, Harding S, Wren Y, Deave T. The Relationship between Feeding and Non-Nutritive Sucking Behaviours and Speech Sound Development: A Systematic Review. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2020; 73:75-88. [DOI: 10.1159/000505266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ranjitkar S, Hysing M, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Ulak M, Shilpakar JS, Sintakala R, Chandyo RK, Shrestha L, Strand TA. Determinants of Cognitive Development in the Early Life of Children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2739. [PMID: 31920798 PMCID: PMC6915069 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children in low and middle income countries may have many risk factors for poor cognitive development, and are accordingly at a high risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Determinants for cognitive development in early life can be found among biological and socioeconomic factors, as well as in stimulation and learning opportunities. Objective The present study aimed to identify determinants of cognitive, language and motor development in 6–11 months old Nepalese infants. Methods Six hundred infants with a length-for-age z-score <-1 were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III). Information on socioeconomic factors, child and maternal demographics, clinical and biological factors, and the home environment were collected. In a manual stepwise variable selection procedure, we examined the association between selected biological, socioeconomic and stimulation and learning opportunity variables and the Bayley-III cognitive, language and motor development subscale scores in multiple linear regression models. Results The length-for-age z-scores was positively associated with the cognitive composite score [standardized beta (ß): 0.22, p < 0.001] and the motor composite score [(ß): 0.14, p = 0.001]. Children born with low birth weight (<2500 g) scored significantly lower on all subscale scores. Diarrheal history was associated with poor language composite scores, and females had higher language composite scores than boys [(ß): 0.11, p = 0.015]. Children who had been hospitalized during the first month of life had also lower cognitive and motor composite scores than those who had not been hospitalized. Parental reports of physical punishment and lack of spontaneous vocalization were associated with poor cognitive and language composite scores, respectively. The statistical models with the various subscale scores as dependent variables explained between 8 to 16 percent of the variability in the cognitive developmental outcomes. Conclusion Our findings reveal important determinants for developmental scores in infancy, and underline the role of biological risk factors faced by marginalized children in low and middle income countries such as in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ranjitkar
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jaya S Shilpakar
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshan Sintakala
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.,Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Blomkvist EAM, Hillesund ER, Helland SH, Simhan I, Øverby NC. Diet and Neurodevelopmental Score in a Sample of One-Year-Old Children-A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071676. [PMID: 31330901 PMCID: PMC6683026 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors in the first years of life are crucial for a child’s neurodevelopment. Research on the association between breastfeeding and neurodevelopment is inconclusive, while research on the possible association between other dietary factors and neurodevelopment is inadequate in children as young as one year of age. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between both breastfeeding and other dietary factors and the neurodevelopment of one-year-old children in Norway. Methods: Participants were recruited from kindergartens in four Norwegian counties in 2017. A questionnaire including questions about dietary factors and breastfeeding, and a standardised age-related questionnaire on neurodevelopment (the Ages and Stages Questionnaire), were completed by parents of one-year-olds. Linear regressions adjusting for relevant covariates were conducted to explore the associations. Results: In our sample of 212 one-year-old children, a longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores. Dietary intake of fish, fruits and vegetables was also strongly associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, even after adjustment for breastfeeding and maternal education. Conclusion: Our results indicate that healthy dietary factors are important for neurodevelopment in young children, with measurable effects already at the age of one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Anne Myrvoll Blomkvist
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sissel Heidi Helland
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Indra Simhan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, 4615 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nina Cecilie Øverby
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
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Loskutova E, Shah K, Flitcroft ID, Setti A, Butler JS, Nolan Y, Paudel N, Loughman J. Lutein and zeaxanthin: The possible contribution, mechanisms of action and implications of modern dietary intake for cognitive development in children. HRB Open Res 2019. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may be important for cognitive development in children, but a comprehensive evidence synthesis is lacking. The purpose of this evidence synthesis was to analyse the available data regarding the role of lutein and zeaxanthin for cognition in children and propose a theoretical basis for future studies.Methods:The PubMed, Scopus, the ISRCTN registry and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognitive function in children. Reference list and ancestry searches were performed on relevant articles. A total of 543 articles were identified, of which six cross-sectional studies were included.Results:The literature search revealed that the evidence concerning the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on cognition in children is sparse. However, there is some preliminary evidence indicating a positive association between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognition in childhood.Conclusions:The cross-sectional nature of the few studies available and the lack of RCT data indicates a need for further investigation before any firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Lee M, Ha M, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Kim EJ, Kim Y, Ha E. Exposure to prenatal secondhand smoke and early neurodevelopment: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Environ Health 2019; 18:22. [PMID: 30894196 PMCID: PMC6425627 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). METHODS We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. Mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) values were measured using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 24 months of age. A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. RESULTS MDI scores were inversely associated with cotinine [β = - 2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.32 to - 0.15] in children whose mothers had early pregnancy urinary cotinine levels >1.90 ng/ml. No association was evident in children whose mothers had cotinine levels ≤1.90 ng/ml. This negative association was more pronounced in children whose mothers had both Glutathione S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) null type [β = - 5.78; 95% CI: -10.69 to - 0.87], but not in children whose mothers had any present type of GSTM1/GSTT1 [β = - 1.64; 95% CI: -4.79 to 1.52]. The association was no longer significant when children received breast milk exclusively for up to 6 months [β = - 0.24; 95% CI: -4.69 to 4.20] compared to others [β = - 3.75; 95% CI: -7.51 to 0.00]. No significant association was found for PDI. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy may result in delayed MDI in early childhood. This effect might be modified by genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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DeVane-Johnson S, Wright YJ, Godwin L, Williams JM. Breast-Feeding and Practice Tips for Case Managers. Prof Case Manag 2019; 23:158-162. [PMID: 29601430 DOI: 10.1097/ncm.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie DeVane-Johnson
- Stephanie DeVane-Johnson, PhD, CNM, is an assistant professor in the School of Nursing at Duke University. Her passion and research interests are decreasing the breast-feeding disparity in the African American community utilizing a cultural and historical lens. Yvette J. Wright, BSN, MSHEP, RN, is a registered nurse and health educator who embraces a holistic approach toward delivering health promotion for low-income African American women in preconception and pregnancy through case management and primary care practices. Yvette is a trained doula and enjoys supporting births. LaKasha Godwin, MSN, FNP-BC, is a doctoral of nursing practice (DNP) student at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interest is breast-feeding in minority populations. Janiya Mitnaul Williams, MA, IBCLC, CLC, is an internationally board-certified lactation consultant and a certified lactation counselor. She holds degrees in Speech-Language Pathology, and Audiology and Human Lactation. Janiya currently works at the Alamance Regional Medical Center and runs a breast-feeding support group named Mahogany Milk
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23
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Sharma I, Khadka A. Assessing the level of knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among factory working mothers in Kathmandu, Nepal. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-12-2018-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among factory working mothers in Kathmandu who had a minimum of one child of less than two years of age.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey, with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, was completed. χ2 or Fisher exact tests were applied for analysis using the SPSS program.
Findings
In total, 36.0 percent of the mothers had adequate knowledge, and 40.0 percent had an appropriate practice of breastfeeding (BF). Also, 30 percent of them were supplementing their BF with additional milk and 54.0 percent began to give additional food at less than six months of age, mainly due to insufficient breast milk. However, 40.0 percent of mothers practiced exclusive BF; 34.0 percent of mothers continued BF until their child reached two years of age. BF was initiated within an hour by 64.0 percent of mothers. Regarding knowledge, the majority of them (82 percent) knew about initiation time of the feed, 64.0 percent of mothers knew that breast milk had positive effects on a child’s health while 48.0 percent knew that it also had good effects on the mothers’ health. There was a positive association between available facilities and BF knowledge levels (p-value<0.00, χ2=4.25, df=1). The associations of knowledge levels against the education status of mothers (p-value=0.11, χ2=2.59, df=1) and practice level of initiation of breast milk (p-value=0.96, χ2=0.02, df=1) were not significant.
Originality/value
The knowledge and practices of BF among factory working mothers are not satisfactory. Hence, an effective way to encourage BF is to increase the availability of facilities for the practice of BF at a mother’s workplace.
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24
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Chang M, Lee D, Park H, Ha M, Hong YC, Kim Y, Kim BN, Kim Y, Lim YH, Ha EH. Prenatal TVOCs exposure negatively influences postnatal neurobehavioral development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:977-981. [PMID: 29153381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds may restrict fetal development and adversely influence infants' life. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and postnatal neurobehavioral development. A subsample of 383 pregnant participants was chosen from the prospective birth cohort study of Mother and Children's Environmental Health Study; MOCEH (N=1,751) from three regions of the Republic of Korea (Seoul, Cheon-an, and Ulsan). Participants were enrolled during their first trimester with informed consent. We investigated maternal characteristics including socio-economic and obstetrical history using questionnaires. An environmental hygienist measured participating mothers' personal TVOC exposure using passive samplers during pregnancy. Participants visited the research center at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. At each visit, questionnaires about infantile environment and health conditions were answered and a neurobehavioral test (BSID-II) was conducted by certified investigators. We conducted multiple general linear and mixed model analyses to investigate the relationship between TVOC and infantile neurobehavioral development (SAS 9.3). Mean prenatal TVOC exposure was 284.2μg/m3. In longitudinal analyses on infantile neurobehavioral development, adjusted mean psychomotor development index and mental developmental index scores in high TVOC exposure group (cut off at Q3: 374.0 ug/m3) were 3 points lower than the low exposure group. Results suggested exposure to higher TVOC during the fetal period may adversely influence neurobehavioral development in the early life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonhee Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, South Korea
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, USA
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, South Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Boong-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, South Korea.
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25
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Jardí C, Hernández-Martínez C, Canals J, Arija V, Bedmar C, Voltas N, Aranda N. Influence of breastfeeding and iron status on mental and psychomotor development during the first year of life. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 50:300-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Gridneva Z, Rea A, Hepworth AR, Ward LC, Lai CT, Hartmann PE, Geddes DT. Relationships between Breastfeeding Patterns and Maternal and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E45. [PMID: 29303992 PMCID: PMC5793273 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding has been implicated in the establishment of infant appetite regulation, feeding patterns and body composition (BC). A holistic approach is required to elucidate relationships between infant and maternal BC and contributing factors, such as breastfeeding parameters. Associations between maternal and breastfed term infant BC (n = 20) and feeding parameters during first 12 months of lactation were investigated. BC was measured at 2, 5, 9 and/or 12 months postpartum with ultrasound skinfolds (US; infants only) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (infants and mothers). 24-h milk intake (MI) and feeding frequency (FFQ) were measured. Higher FFQ was associated with larger 24-h MI (p ≤ 0.003). Higher 24-h MI was associated with larger infant fat mass (FM) (US: p ≤ 0.002), greater percentage FM (US: p ≤ 0.008), greater FM index (FMI) (US: p ≤ 0.001) and lower fat-free mass index (FFMI) (US: p = 0.015). Lower FFQ was associated with both larger FFM (US: p ≤ 0.001) and FFMI (US: p < 0.001). Greater maternal adiposity was associated with smaller infant FFM measured with US (BMI: p < 0.010; %FM: p = 0.004; FMI: p < 0.011). Maternal BC was not associated with FFQ or 24-h MI. These results reinforce that early life is a critical window for infant programming and that breastfeeding may influence risk of later disease via modulation of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alethea Rea
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Anna R Hepworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ching T Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Peter E Hartmann
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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27
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Liu XH. [Research advances in breastfeeding]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:921-925. [PMID: 27751204 PMCID: PMC7389531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
Human breast milk is the most natural and ideal food for the baby. Breastfeeding provides benefits for maternal and child health, child immune function, growth and development, and society. The operation of human milk bank and the use of donor human milk undoubtedly provides a new way of nutrition support for the preterm infants without their own mother's milk and a new kind of treatment for other diseases. Present research on the composition of breast milk focuses on the variety and quantity of proteins, bioactive substances, probiotics and cell population.Future research may focus on the bioactive substances, the mechanism of regulation and effect of cell population, the application of probiotics and the clinical application of donor human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Hong Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutriology, Guangzhou Maternal and Child Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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28
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Liu XH. [Research advances in breastfeeding]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:921-925. [PMID: 27751204 PMCID: PMC7389531 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human breast milk is the most natural and ideal food for the baby. Breastfeeding provides benefits for maternal and child health, child immune function, growth and development, and society. The operation of human milk bank and the use of donor human milk undoubtedly provides a new way of nutrition support for the preterm infants without their own mother's milk and a new kind of treatment for other diseases. Present research on the composition of breast milk focuses on the variety and quantity of proteins, bioactive substances, probiotics and cell population.Future research may focus on the bioactive substances, the mechanism of regulation and effect of cell population, the application of probiotics and the clinical application of donor human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Hong Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutriology, Guangzhou Maternal and Child Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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