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Zhu D, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dai J, Zhuge X. Exploiting membrane vesicles derived from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli as a cross-protective subunit vaccine candidate against avian colibacillosis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104148. [PMID: 39142031 PMCID: PMC11379662 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a notable pathogen that frequently leads to avian colibacillosis, posing a substantial risk to both the poultry industry and public health. The commercial vaccines against avian colibacillosis are primarily inactivated vaccines, but their effectiveness is limited to specific serotypes. Recent advances have highlighted bacterial membrane vesicles (MV) as a promising candidate in vaccine research. How to produce bacterial MVs vaccines on a large scale is a significant challenge for the industrialization of MVs. The msbB gene encodes an acyltransferase and has been implicated in altering the acylation pattern of lipid A, leading to a decrease in lipid A content in lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Here, we evaluated the immunoprotective efficacy of MVs derived from the LPS low-expressed APEC strain FY26ΔmsbB, which was an APEC mutant strain with a deletion of the msbB gene. The nitrogen cavitation technique was employed to extract APEC MVs, with results indicating a significant increase in MVs yield compared to that obtained under natural culture. The immunization effectiveness was assessed, revealing that FY26ΔmsbB MVs elicited an antibody response of laying hens and facilitated bacterial clearance. Protective efficacy studies demonstrated that immunization with FY26ΔmsbB MVs conferred the immune protection in chickens challenged with the wild-type APEC strain FY26. Notably, LPS low-carried MVs recovered from the mutant FY26ΔmsbB also displayed cross-protective capabilities, and effectively safeguarding against infections caused by O1, O7, O45, O78, and O101 serotypes virulent APEC strains. These findings suggest that MVs generated from the LPS low-expressed APEC strain FY26ΔmsbB represent a novel and empirically validated subunit vaccine for the prevention and control of infections by various APEC serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
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Tan Z, Chen Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary supplementation with a silicate clay mineral (palygorskite) alleviates inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104017. [PMID: 39043023 PMCID: PMC11318557 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to explore the protective effects of dietary palygorskite (Pal) supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was designed to assess the effects of Pal administration (0 or 5 g/kg of feed) and E. coli challenge (E. coli or bacterial culture medium) on broilers in a 21-d feeding trial. Birds were randomly assigned into one of the 4 groups, and each group had 8 replicates with ten birds each. The challenged chickens were orally gavaged with E. coli suspended in Luria-Bertani broth on 14 d of age, while unchallenged birds were administrated with an equivalent amount of culture medium. The sampling was performed at 21 d of age. Compared with the normal birds, an oral E. coli challenge reduced final body weight, and decreased feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency during the challenge period (P < 0.05). E. coli challenge promoted colonization of E. coli in cecal content and their translocation to internal organs (heart, liver, and spleen) (P < 0.05). E. coli infection also increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in jejunum and ileum possibly through activating the toll-like receptor-4-mediated signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Moreover, E. coli administration increased intestinal mucosal permeability (higher serum D-lactate level and diamine oxidase activity, and lower intestinal mucosal disaccharidase activities), altered intestinal morphology, and downregulated the gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (P < 0.05). In contrast, Pal supplementation enhanced growth performance, inhibited colonization of E. coli, reduced intestinal inflammation, decreased intestinal permeability, restored intestinal morphology, and normalized the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory processes and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier (P < 0.05), and most of these beneficial effects resulting from Pal administration were independent of bacterial challenge. The results indicated dietary Pal incorporation was effective in improving growth performance and alleviating inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage in broilers challenged with E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Huang H, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Meng T, Tan B, He W, Fu X, Xiao D. Dietary supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex enhances the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via regulating the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1428577. [PMID: 39139650 PMCID: PMC11319276 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex (MCC) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant, and p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in broilers. Methods A total of 256 healthy 8-day-old female yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal diet, an antibiotic group (CTC) supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and two experimental groups (MCC75, MCC150) fed basal diets with 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of MCC, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days, with days 1-28 designated as the initial phase and days 29-56 as the growth phase. Results The results on the growth performance showed that diets supplemented with MCC and CTC decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G), diarrhea rate, and death rate, while significantly increasing the average daily weight gain (ADG) (p < 0.05). Specifically, the MCC150 group enhanced intestinal health, indicated by reduced crypt depth and increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (V/C) as well as amylase activity in the jejunum. Both the MCC and CTC groups exhibited increased villus height and V/C ratio in the ileal (p < 0.05). Additionally, all treated groups showed elevated serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and significant increases in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed in both the MCC150 and CTC groups. Molecular analysis revealed an upregulation of the jejunal mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α, Nrf2, and Keap1 in the MCC and CTC groups, as well as an upregulation of ileum mRNA expression levels of P38, PGC-1α, Nrf2, and Keap1 in the MCC150 group, suggesting activation of the p38-MAPK/Nrf2 pathway. Discussion These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with MCC, particularly at a dosage of 150 mg/kg, may serve as a viable antibiotic alternative, enhancing growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity in broilers by regulating the p38-MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- College of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Geneham Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bihui Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Bai D, Zhong J, Hu X, Zhang R, Zhen W, Ito K, Zhang B, Yang Y, Li J, Ma Y. Effect of dietary aspirin eugenol ester on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal inflammation, and cecal microbiota of broilers under high stocking density. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103825. [PMID: 38772090 PMCID: PMC11131080 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the impact of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, jejunal barrier function, and cecal microbiota of broilers raised under stressful high density (HD) stocking conditions compared with normal density broilers (ND). A total of 432 one-day-old AA+ male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal density (ND, 14 broilers /m2), high density (HD, 22 broilers /m2), ND + AEE, and HD + AEE. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in the growth performance of broiler chickens as a result of HD stress (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum demonstrated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) at both 28 and 35 d. Conversely, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of AEE resulted in a significant elevation (P < 0.05) of serum GSH-PX, SOD and T-AOC activity at both 28 and 35 d. Moreover, exposure to HD stress resulted in a considerable reduction in the height of intestinal villi and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum, along with, a significant elevation in the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). However, the administration of AEE reversed the adverse effects of HD-induced stress on villus height and suppressed the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes, COX-2 and mPGES-1. Additionally, the exposure to HD stress resulted in a substantial reduction in the α-diversity of cecal microbiota and disruption in the equilibrium of intestinal microbial composition, with a notable decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05). In contrast, the addition of AEE to the feed resulted in a notable increase in the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and enhanced microbial diversity (P < 0.05). The inclusion of AEE in the diet has been demonstrated to enhance intestinal integrity and growth performance of broilers by effectively mitigating disruptions in gut microbiota induced by HD stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Dongying Bai
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jiale Zhong
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Fu Y, Yuan P, Everaert N, Comer L, Jiang S, Jiao N, Huang L, Yuan X, Yang W, Li Y. Effects of Chinese Gallotannins on Antioxidant Function, Intestinal Health, and Gut Flora in Broilers Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1915. [PMID: 38998028 PMCID: PMC11240627 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the protective effects of dietary Chinese gallotannins (CGT) supplementation against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury in broilers. Four hundred and fifty healthy Arbor Acres broilers (one-day-old) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) basal diet (CON group), (2) basal diet with LPS challenge (LPS group), and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg CGT as well as LPS challenge (LPS+CGT group). The experiment lasted for 21 days. Intraperitoneal LPS injections were administered to broilers in the LPS group and the LPS+CGT group on days 17, 19, and 21 of the trial, whereas the CON group received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% physiological saline. Blood and intestinal mucosa samples were collected 3 h after the LPS challenge. The results showed that LPS administration induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis and damaged small intestinal morphology and structure in broilers. However, dietary supplementation with CGT alleviated the deleterious effects on intestinal morphology and barrier integrity caused by the LPS challenge, while also reducing intestinal apoptosis and inflammation, enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity, and increasing cecal microbial alpha diversity in the LPS-challenged broilers. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that a 300 mg/kg CGT addition could improve intestinal morphology and gut barrier structure, as well as maintaining bacterial homeostasis, in broilers exposed to LPS. This might partially be attributed to the reduced cell apoptosis, decreased inflammatory response, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Luke Comer
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
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Liang Y, Chang Y, Xie Y, Hou Q, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Dietary ethylenediamine dihydroiodide mitigated Escherichia coli O78-induced immune and intestinal damage of ducks via suppression of NF-κB signal. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103610. [PMID: 38489887 PMCID: PMC10952079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI) on growth performance, immune function and intestinal health of meat ducks challenged with Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). A total of 360 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly allocated to 6 treatments (6 floor cages, 10 birds/cage). A 3 × 2 factor design was used with 3 dietary iodine levels (0, 8, 16 mg/kg in the form EDDI and whether APEC was challenged or not at 7-day-old ducks. The feeding period lasted for 20 d. The results showed that the addition of EDDI reduced APEC-induced decrease of the 20-d weight loss of meat ducks (P < 0.05), and alleviated the inflammatory response of liver tissue induced by APEC challenge in meat ducks. In terms of immune function, EDDI supplementation reduced the immune organ index and increased the immune cell count of meat ducks, reduced the level of endotoxins in the serum of meat ducks (P < 0.05), as well as inhibited the expression levels of liver and spleen inflammatory factors and TLR signaling pathway related genes induced by APEC (P < 0.05). In terms of intestinal health, EDDI inhibited APEC-induced decreases in ZO-3 genes expression and increases in IL-1β and TNF-α expression, increased relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum and content of metabolites. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between liver inflammatory factors and TLR4 signaling pathway genes, and there might be a significant correlation between intestinal microbial flora and other physiological indexes of meat ducks, which indicated that EDDI could reduce the damage to immune function and intestinal health caused by APEC challenge through regulating the structure of intestinal flora. Collectively, our findings suggest that the EDDI can promote growth performance, improve immune function and the intestinal barrier in APEC-challenged meat ducks, which may be related to the suppression of NF-κB signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qinteng Hou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Mekonnen YT, Savini F, Indio V, Seguino A, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Candela M, De Cesare A. Systematic review on microbiome-related nutritional interventions interfering with the colonization of foodborne pathogens in broiler gut to prevent contamination of poultry meat. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103607. [PMID: 38493536 PMCID: PMC10959702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to compile the available body of knowledge about microbiome-related nutritional interventions contributing to improve the chicken health and having an impact on the reduction of colonization by foodborne pathogens in the gut. Original research articles published between 2012 and 2022 were systematically searched in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 1,948 articles were retrieved and 140 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 73 papers described 99 interventions against colonization by Escherichia coli and related organisms; 10 papers described 15 interventions against Campylobacter spp.; 36 papers described 54 interventions against Salmonella; 40 papers described 54 interventions against Clostridium perfringens. A total of 197 microbiome-related interventions were identified as effective against one or more of the listed pathogens and included probiotics (n = 80), prebiotics (n = 23), phytobiotics (n = 25), synbiotics (n = 12), organic acids (n = 12), enzymes (n = 4), essential oils (n = 14) and combination of these (n = 27). The identified interventions were mostly administered in the feed (173/197) or through oral gavage (11/197), in the drinking water (7/197), in ovo (2/197), intra amniotic (2/197), in fresh or reused litter (1/197) or both in the feed and water (1/197). The interventions enhanced the beneficial microbial communities in the broiler gut as Lactic acid bacteria, mostly Lactobacillus spp., or modulated multiple microbial populations. The mechanisms promoting the fighting against colonization by foodborne pathogens included competitive exclusion, production of short chain fatty acids, decrease of gut pH, restoration of the microbiome after dysbiosis events, promotion of a more stable microbial ecology, expression of genes improving the integrity of intestinal mucosa, enhancing of mucin production and improvement of host immune response. All the studies extracted from the literature described in vivo trials but performed on a limited number of animals under experimental settings. Moreover, they detailed the effect of the intervention on the chicken gut without details on further impact on poultry meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitagele Terefe Mekonnen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
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Jang HJ, Kim JA, Kim Y. Characterization of feline-originated probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 and and evaluation of their host response. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:128. [PMID: 38561808 PMCID: PMC10983674 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from a Norwegian forest cat (castrated, 12 years old) and a Persian cat (castrated, 10 years old), which were privately owned and had indoor access. RESULTS Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 (CACC612) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 (CACC789) were selected as potential probiotics; characterization of the two strains showed equivalent acid tolerance, similar cell adhesion rates on the HT-29 monolayer cell line, and superior bile tolerance compared to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Subsequently, they exhibited inhibitory effects against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli (KCTC 2617), Salmonella Derby (NCCP 12,238), Salmonella Enteritidis (NCCP 14,546), Salmonella Typhimurium (NCCP 10,328), Clostridium difficile JCM 1296T. From evaluating host effects, the viability of the feline macrophage cell line (Fcwf-4) increased with the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). The induced expression of immune-related genes such as IFN-γ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, and TNF-α by immune stimulation was significantly attenuated by the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). When 52 clinical factors of sera from 21 healthy cats were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the animals were obviously clustered before and after feeding with CACC612 or CACC789. In addition, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly increased after CACC612 feeding (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, feline-originated probiotics were newly characterized and their potentially probiotic effects were evaluated. These results contribute to our understanding of the functional effects of feline-derived probiotics and support their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.
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Yang C, Wang S, Li Q, Zhang R, Xu Y, Feng J. Effects of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 on Growth Performance, Selected Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function Indices in the Serum, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38473053 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on growth performance, oxidation resistance, immunity, and cecal microbiota in broilers. This work classed three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male broilers into three groups randomly, including a control group (CON, basal diet) and antibiotic (ANT, 75 mg kg-1 chlortetracycline added into basal diet) and probiotic groups (LP, 5 × 108 CFU kg-1Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 contained within basal diet). Animals were then fed for 42 days, and each group comprised eight replicates with 15 broilers. Compared with CON, L. plantarum supplementation significantly improved the average daily weight gain (AWDG) (p < 0.05) while reducing the feed-gain ratio over the entire supplemental period (p < 0.05). Birds fed L. plantarum had markedly lower serum ammonia and xanthine oxidase levels (p < 0.05) than those in the ANT and CON groups. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and serum IgM and IgY contents in broilers fed L. plantarum were also observed when compared with those in the CON and ANT groups. Both L. plantarum and antibiotics decreased pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β levels significantly (p < 0.05), while only L. plantarum promoted anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels in the serum (p < 0.05) compared with CON. L. plantarum (p < 0.05) increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecal contents when compared to those in CON and ANT. Among the differences revealed via 16S rRNA analysis, L. plantarum markedly improved the community richness of the cecal microbiota. At the genus level, the butyric acid-producing bacteria Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae were found in higher relative abundance in samples of L. plantarum-treated birds. In conclusion, dietary L. plantarum supplementation promoted the growth and health of broilers, likely by inducing a shift in broiler gut microbiota toward short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Therefore, L. plantarum has potential as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hu Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Wang W, Tan B, Tang X, Yin Y. Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:364-374. [PMID: 38058568 PMCID: PMC10695851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals. It has been characterized into two different isomers, levorotation-Trp (L-Trp) and dextrorotation-Trp (D-Trp), based on their distinct molecule orientation. Intestinal epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways. However, knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains unclear. In this review, we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and diseases. Finally, we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages, including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs, as well as the reproduction performance in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Hu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Luya Feng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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11
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Joseph J, Zhang L, Adhikari P, Evans JD, Ramachandran R. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Broiler Breeders: An Overview. Pathogens 2023; 12:1280. [PMID: 38003745 PMCID: PMC10674223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is one of the major animal protein sources necessary to meet the global protein demand. Sustainability in broiler production is the key to achieving its continuous supply, and broiler breeders play a critical role in maintaining this sustainability by providing good quality chicks. Colibacillosis, the disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Moreover, APEC causes an additional burden among broiler breeders, such as a decrease in egg production and mortality among these birds. There is vertical transmission of APEC to the broiler chicks through eggs, resulting in increased first-week mortality and subsequent horizontal transmission at the hatchery. In this regard, the vertical transmission of antibiotic resistance genes is another concern that needs attention. Controlling several diseases in broiler breeders would possibly reduce the first-week mortality in chicks, thereby maintaining the production level. For that, constant monitoring of the bacterial populations is critical. Moreover, amidst the increased antibiotic resistance pattern, more focus on alternative treatment strategies like vaccines, probiotics, and bacteriophages is necessary. Future research focusing on strategies to mitigate APEC in broiler breeders would be one of the finest solutions for sustainable broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiddu Joseph
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Evans
- Poultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.); (L.Z.); (P.A.)
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12
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Jiang S, Yang C, Xiao Y, Zheng S, Jiang Q, Chen J. Effects of Polysaccharides-Rich Extract from Gracilaria lemaneiformis on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023018. [PMID: 37489144 PMCID: PMC10363415 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLPs) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly assigned to four groups of eight replicate cages (10 broilers per cage). Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/kg GLPs. Compared to that of the control group, dietary supplementation with 2,000 mg/kg GLPs linearly increased the average daily weight gain during days 0-42 (P < 0.05) and linearly decreased the feed to gain ratio during days 1-21 and 22-42 (P < 0.05). Broilers fed GLP-supplemented diets showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases in serum superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in the liver, whereas GLP supplementation decreased serum and liver malondialdehyde concentrations (P < 0.05). A linear increase in serum catalase activity was observed following supplementation with 2,000 or 4,000 mg/kg GLPs (P < 0.05). Broilers fed GLP-supplemented diets showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and interferon-γ concentrations (P < 0.05), and a trend towards linear improvement in IL-4 levels (P = 0.089). Dietary GLP supplementation increased the Lactobacillus spp. population compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05) and 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg of GLPs nearly decreased the population of E. coli in the cecum (P = 0.056). Therefore, dietary GLP supplementation may improve broiler growth performance by altering antioxidant capacity, immune function, and the gut microbiota composition. Considering the effects of different doses of GLP on the above parameters, 2,000 mg/kg of GLPs was identified as the best dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang,
Sichuan 615013, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang,
Sichuan 615013, P.R. China
| | - Yintao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R.China
| | - Saizhen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R.China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R.China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R.China
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13
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Yosi F, Metzler-Zebeli BU. Dietary Probiotics Modulate Gut Barrier and Immune-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology in Broiler Chickens under Non- and Pathogen-Challenged Conditions: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1970. [PMID: 37370480 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data published in the literature about the favorable effects of dietary probiotics on gut health in broiler chickens are inconsistent. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of probiotics on the gut barrier and immune-related gene expression, histomorphology, and growth in chickens that were either challenged or non-challenged with pathogens. From the 54 articles published between 2012 and 2022, subsets of data, separately for non-challenged and challenged conditions, for response variables were created. The mean dietary probiotic concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 6.2 and 4.7 to 7.2 log10 colony-forming unit/kg under non-challenged and challenged conditions, respectively. Probiotics increased the expression of genes for mucins and tight junction proteins in the jejunum and ileum at weeks 3 and 6. The stimulatory effect of probiotics on tight junction protein expression was partly stronger in challenged than in non-challenged birds. Meta-regressions also showed an anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics under challenged conditions by modulating the expression of cytokines. Probiotics improved villus height at certain ages in the small intestine while not influencing growth performance. Dietary metabolizable energy, crude protein, and days post-infection modified the effects of probiotics on the observed variables. Overall, meta-regressions support the beneficial effects of probiotics on gut integrity and structure in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Yosi
- Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya, Palembang 30662, Indonesia
| | - Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Al-Zghoul MB, Jaradat ZW, Ababneh MM, Okour MZ, Saleh KMM, Alkofahi A, Alboom MH. Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken. Vet World 2023; 16:918-928. [PMID: 37576780 PMCID: PMC10420701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.918-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Thermal manipulation (TM), exposure to mild heat shock during embryogenesis, which is a critical developmental period of broiler chickens, improves tissue stability, oxidative stress response, and immune response during heat stress. Thermal manipulation could be more cost-effective than other methods to boost the immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TM during embryogenesis, concomitant with an Escherichia coli challenge, on body weight (BW), body temperature (Tb), and splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and interferon [IFN]-γ) in poultry. Materials and Methods A total of 740 fertile eggs were procured from a certified Ross broiler breeder. The eggs were divided into two incubation groups: the control and TM groups. The eggs in the control group were kept at 37.8°C air temperature and 56% relative humidity (RH) during incubation; eggs of the TM group were incubated under standard conditions, except for embryonic days 10-18, during which they were incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h daily. On the 7th day of incubation, eggs with dead embryos were excluded. After hatching was complete, each group was further subdivided into saline-treated or E. coli-challenged groups. The E. coli (serotype 078 with the dose of 1.5 × 105 colony-forming unit/mL) challenge was performed when the birds were 20 days old. Body weight and Tb measurements were taken on post-hatch days 20, 21, 23, and 25. Splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and IFN-γ) was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Following the E. coli challenge, the TM-treated group's body performance parameters (BW and Tb) were significantly increased compared with the control group. Body weight was higher in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05); Tb was lower in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL and IFN-γ were more stable and moderately induced in the TM group compared with the control group. Thermal manipulation altered the basal mRNA levels of ILs and IFN-γ and changed their expression dynamics after the E. coli challenge. Conclusion Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis could boost the immune system response to E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad Waheed Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa M. Ababneh
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Ziad Okour
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ayesha Alkofahi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hussien Alboom
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Wang J, Yao L, Su J, Fan R, Zheng J, Han Y. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its Fermentation Products on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Intestinal pH and Cecal Microorganisms of Lingnan Yellow Chicken. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102610. [PMID: 37019072 PMCID: PMC10106959 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum and its fermentation products on growth performance, specific immune function, intestinal pH, and cecal microorganisms in yellow-feather broilers. A total of 1,200 yellow-feather broilers of similar weight and good health condition at 1 d of age were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups. The CK group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental group (I, II, III, IV) were supplemented with 0.1, 0.15% L. plantarum and 3, 4% L. plantarum fermentation products. The results showed that each treatment could improve the growth performance (P < 0.05) and feed conversion rate of yellow-feather broilers. Besides, the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract of yellow-feather broilers (P < 0.05) was significantly reduced through the use of L. plantarum and its fermentation products as additives, which also facilitated the animals to regulate the balance of cecal microorganisms. The immune function assay showed that the bursal index (P < 0.05), spleen index (P < 0.05), and the content of serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgG (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in yellow-finned broilers aged 1 to 21 d by supplementing the diet with L. plantarum. In conclusion, adding L. plantarum or its fermentation products to the diet can improve the growth performance of yellow-feather broilers, and the direct addition of L. plantarum is better than adding fermentation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Runran Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yuzhu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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Olasehinde O, Aderemi F. Effect of sprouted whole pearl millet on growth performance, intestinal development, bacterial count, and blood indices of broiler chickens. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad045. [PMID: 37216186 PMCID: PMC10199787 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying levels of sprouted whole grain pearl millet (SPM) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial count, and blood indices of broiler chickens. A maize-soybean meal basal diet was formulated and fed to broiler chickens as starter (0 to 21 d) and finisher (22 to 42 d) diets. The diets comprised of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SPM incorporated as whole grain. On 0 d, 180 unsexed broiler chickens were allocated to experimental diets in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated three times; each replicate had 12 chicks. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric to meet the nutrient requirements of broiler chickens. Diets and water were provided ad libitum for 42 d. Results showed that the body weight gain (BWG) of broiler chickens on SPM compared favorably with those on the control diet. BWG showed trends in increment (P < 0.10) while FCR showed decreased trends (P < 0.10) with partial inclusion of SPM at 42 d and 0 to 42 d. The drumstick weight showed quadratic effect (P = 0.044) while the wing weight showed linear effect (P = 0.047) to treatment diets at 21 d. The liver weights of broiler chickens showed linear response (P = 0.018) at 21 d and (P = 0.004) at 42 d to SPM inclusion in diets. Sprouted whole PM consistently increased low-density lipoprotein concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05). Length and weight of small intestine and ceca showed decreasing trends on SPM levels in the treatment diets. Digesta pH assessment revealed that pH in the crop was lower (P < 0.05) on partial SPM while pH in proventriculus was reduced (P < 0.05) with inclusion of SPM in treatment diets. Lactobacilli count decreased linearly (P = 0.010) with SPM inclusion. This study suggests that SPM could be used as an alternative source of energy in production of broiler chickens. Therefore, partial replacement of maize with SPM in broiler diet had no negative effect on performance, physiological status, and overall health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Foluke Aderemi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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17
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Diarra SS, Anand S, Lemuelu T, Areta F, Mathew E, Lehi E, Hoponoa S, Kava F, Mafi J, Taliauli F. Commercial Feed Diluted with Different Fiber Sources and Enzyme Product for Broilers: Growth Performance, Carcass and Gut Health. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SS Diarra
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - S Anand
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - T Lemuelu
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - F Areta
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - E Mathew
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - E Lehi
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - S Hoponoa
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - F Kava
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
| | - J Mafi
- University of the South Pacific, Samoa
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Hu J, Afayibo DJA, Zhang B, Zhu H, Yao L, Guo W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang D, Peng H, Tian M, Qi J, Wang S. Characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, zoonotic potential, drug resistance, and prevention of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049391. [PMID: 36583051 PMCID: PMC9793750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are commensal and abundant, certain pathogenic strains cause severe diseases from gastroenteritis to extraintestinal infections. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) contains newborn meningitis E. coli (NMEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), and septicemic E. coli (SEPEC) based on their original host and clinical symptom. APEC is a heterogeneous group derived from human ExPEC. APEC causes severe respiratory and systemic diseases in a variety of avians, threatening the poultry industries, food security, and avian welfare worldwide. APEC has many serotypes, and it is a widespread pathogenic bacterium in poultry. In addition, ExPEC strains share significant genetic similarities and similar pathogenic mechanisms, indicating that APEC potentially serves as a reservoir of virulence and resistance genes for human ExPEC, and the virulence and resistance genes can be transferred to humans through food animals. Due to economic losses, drug resistance, and zoonotic potential, APEC has attracted heightened awareness. Various virulence factors and resistance genes involved in APEC pathogenesis and drug resistance have been identified. Here, we review the characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism zoonotic potential, and drug resistance of APEC, and summarize the current status of diagnosis, alternative control measures, and vaccine development, which may help to have a better understanding of the pathogenesis and resistance of APEC, thereby reducing economic losses and preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant APEC to humans.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Identification of Novel Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Peptides. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1012-1028. [PMID: 34458959 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), an extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes colibacillosis in poultry and is also a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Currently, APEC infections in poultry are controlled by antibiotic medication; however, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant APEC strains and increased restrictions on the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals necessitate the development of new antibiotic alternative therapies. Here, we tested the anti-APEC activity of multiple commensal and probiotic bacteria in an agar-well diffusion assay and identified Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 producing strong zone of inhibition against APEC. In co-culture assay, L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 completely inhibited the APEC growth by 24 h. Further investigation revealed that antibacterial product(s) in the culture supernatants of L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 were responsible for the anti-APEC activity. The analysis of culture supernatants using LC-MS/MS identified multiple novel bioactive peptides (VQAAQAGDTKPIEV, AFDNTDTSLDSTFKSA, VTDTSGKAGTTKISNV, and AESSDTNLVNAKAA) in addition to the production of lactic acid. The oral administration (108 CFU/chicken) of L. rhamnosus GG significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the colonization (~ 1.6 logs) of APEC in the cecum of chickens. Cecal microbiota analysis revealed that L. rhamnosus GG moderated the APEC-induced alterations of the microbial community in the cecum of chickens. Further, L. rhamnosus GG decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, particularly those belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia-Shigella) family. These studies indicate that L. rhamnosus GG is a promising probiotic to control APEC infections in chickens. Further studies are needed to optimize the delivery of L. rhamnosus GG in feed or water and in conditions simulating the field to facilitate its development for commercial applications.
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Hashem MA, Hassan AEA, Abou-Elnaga HMM, Abdo W, Dahran N, Alghamdi AH, Elmahallawy EK. Modulatory effect of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth, immuno-biochemical alterations, DNA damage, and pathological changes in E. coli-infected broiler chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:964738. [PMID: 36337201 PMCID: PMC9631445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.964738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the principal causes of heavy economic losses to the poultry industry. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms, particularly the potential role of immunoglobulin A and the DNA damage, involving the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics in avian colibacillosis. The current study investigated the potential effects of probiotic and prebiotic dietary supplementation on E. coli-infected broiler chicks. A total of 120 1-day-old unsexed Hubbard chicks were divided into six groups: Group 1 was considered as a negative control; Group 2 was supplemented with 1 g/kg feed of Lactobacillus plantarum; Group 3 was supplemented with amylase enzyme; Group 4 served as a positive control infected orally by E. coli O78; Group 5 was supplemented with L. plantarum from 1-day-old chicken and then infected orally with E. coli O78; and Group 6 was supplemented with amylase enzyme from 1-day old chicken and then infected orally with E. coli O78. For all examined groups, the experimental period lasted for 42 days. The E. coli-infected group revealed a decrease in body performance parameters with a significant increase in the liver enzymes and renal function tests. The same group recorded a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumins, and globulins, and the alteration of immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, and comet assay revealed highly damaged DNA in the liver and the intestine. By histopathological examination, a series of histopathological changes in the liver, the kidney, and the intestine were observed. The infected chick pretreated with probiotics or prebiotics demonstrated an improvement in body performance parameters besides a significant decrease in the hepatic enzymes and renal function tests. We noticed that, in treated groups, there was a significant increase in serum total proteins in the serum albumin and globulin levels, immunological parameters, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, DNA damage and histopathological changes within hepatic, renal, and intestinal tissues were markedly diminished in the treated groups compared with the infected group. We concluded that the adverse effects of E. coli could be modulated through the chemopreventive administration of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hashem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Azza E. A. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Institute, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Al Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Sun X, Chen DD, Deng S, Zhang G, Peng X, SA R. Using combined Lactobacillus and quorum quenching enzyme supplementation as an antibiotic alternative to improve broiler growth performance, anti-oxidative status, immune response, and gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101997. [PMID: 35841646 PMCID: PMC9289872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang R, Jia H, Liu X, Zhu Z. Effects of three probiotics and their interactions on the growth performance of and nutrient absorption in broilers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13308. [PMID: 35602903 PMCID: PMC9121878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three probiotics and their interactions on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption, and nutrient transporters in broilers. A total of 350 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven groups: the control group (broilers receiving normal drinking water), groups P1, P2 and P3 (broilers receiving drinking water with 1% Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis , respectively) and groups CP1, CP2 and CP3 (broilers receiving drinking water with a 1% compound probiotic mixture in 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2 ratios, respectively). The feeding period was divided into two experimental periods: 1∼21 days and 22∼42 days. Compared to those in the control group, the broiler slaughter indexes and average daily feed intakes in the probiotics groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the villus height in the small intestine increased significantly, and the crypt depth decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In the 1- to 21-day, experimental period, the broiler average daily gains in groups CP2 and CP3 were significantly greater than that in the control group. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities in the jejunum in groups CP and P3 increased significantly. GLUT2 mRNA expression in the probiotics group was significantly incresaed compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). In the 22- to 42-day period, the average daily gain in the CP group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Amylase activity in the CP2 group, and lipase and trypsin activities in the CP, P1 and P3 groups increased significantly. The GLUT2 mRNA expression in the CP group increased significantly (P < 0.05). In summary, three probiotics and their interactions improved the digestibility and absorption of nutrients by increasing the activities of digestive enzymes, improving the morphology of the digestive tract, and upregulating the expression of GLUT2 mRNA in the intestinalcell membrane to improve the production performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | | | - Hao Jia
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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23
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Xiang L, Ying Z, Xue M, Xiaoxian P, Xiaorong L, Chunyang L, Yu W, Mingcheng L, Binxian L. A novel Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolate can maintain the intestinal health, improve the growth performance and reduce the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:621-632. [PMID: 35383527 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2062220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed at the effects of a novel Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) strain and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157: H7 on intestinal flora and growth performance of broilers, and the protective effect of L. bulgaricus on broilers in challenged experiment by E. coli O157: H7.2. In vitro bacteriostatic test showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. bulgaricus isolate had obvious inhibitory effect on E. coli O157: H7.3. Eighty 1-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups with 4 replicate per treatment. All group received basic diet in addition to the specific treatments: NC group, gavage with normal saline; In LBP group, gavage with L. bulgaricus isolate (1×109 CFU/mL) during the whole process, and challenged with E. coli O157: H7 (3×109 CFU/mL); EC group, gavage with E. coli O157: H7 (3×109 CFU/mL); LB Group, gavage with L. bulgaricus isolate. At the age of 21 days, broilers were weighed and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Cecum and cecal contents, ileum and feces samples were taken after slaughter.4. The challenge of E. coli O157: H7 resulted in an increase in TLR-4, NF-κB and IL-8 mRNA in cecal tissue, a decrease in Villus: crypt ratio in ileum, a decrease in overall diversity of intestinal microflora and a poor FCR.5. The L. bulgaricus isolate decreased the mRNA expression of TLR-4, NF-κB and IL-8 induced by E. coli O157: H7, reduced the content of E. coli O157: H7 in the cecum of broilers, increased the Villus: crypt ratio, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and overall diversity of intestinal microflora, made good FCR.6. The L. bulgaricus isolate can maintain the intestinal health, improve the growth performance of broilers and reduce the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Zhang Ying
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Meng Xue
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Pei Xiaoxian
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Liu Xiaorong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Lan Chunyang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wang Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Li Mingcheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Li Binxian
- Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Associated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
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Song D, Li A, Wang Y, Song G, Cheng J, Wang L, Liu K, Min Y, Wang W. Effects of synbiotic on growth, digestibility, immune and antioxidant performance in broilers. Animal 2022; 16:100497. [PMID: 35338905 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of in-feed antibiotics has been associated with serious issues, including the developing of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and causing drug residues in poultry products. To date, many countries have restricted the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in food animals, resulting in the increased need for effective alternatives to in-feed antibiotic. Synbiotics, which are composed of probiotics and prebiotics, have been shown to act synergistically when applied simultaneously. Thus, this study investigated the effects of a synbiotic, composed of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum (MLP) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS), on growth, immune and antioxidant parameters, and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in broilers. A total of 168 newly hatched male broilers were randomly allotted to three dietary groups (n = 7): (1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet + synbiotic (SYN); and (3) basal diet + aureomycin (ANT). Compared with the CON, chickens had greater average daily gain and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in the SYN group (P < 0.05). In the SYN and ANT group, serum IgA, IgG, and IL-10 levels were higher, while the serum TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were reduced (P < 0.05) compared to CON. Compared with CON, the level of serum malondialdehyde was lower (P < 0.05) and SOD level was higher (P < 0.05) in either SYN or ANT group. No significant differences in populations of Escherichia coli were seen in chickens among the three groups, whereas, the populations of Lactobacillus were higher (P < 0.05) in chickens in the SYN group compared with those in CON and ANT groups. Taken together, the addition of SYN, consisting of MLP and FOS, had benefits on growth, immune and antioxidant parameters, and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, indicating its potential to serve as a substitute for antibiotics in broiler feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junlin Cheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kuanbo Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China.
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Zhang L, Ben Said L, Hervé N, Zirah S, Diarra MS, Fliss I. Effects of drinking water supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri, and a mixture of reuterin and microcin J25 on the growth performance, caecal microbiota and selected metabolites of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:34. [PMID: 35246239 PMCID: PMC8897850 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the overuse of antibiotics in animal production has led to a selection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that affect humans and animals as well. Scientists are therefore searching for novel natural alternatives to antibiotics. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and a combination of reuterin and microcin J25 (RJ) were evaluated as promoters of growth and modulators of the cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in broiler chickens. One-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were distributed to 8 treatments: negative control (without antibiotic), positive control (bacitracin), three concentrations of RJ and three doses of L. reuteri plus glycerol. The birds (2176, 34 per pen, 8 pens per treatment) were reared for 35 d. Results The body weight of the bacitracin and 5 mmol/L reuterin combined with 0.08 μmol/L microcin J25 (10RJ) treatment group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group (P < 0.05). L. reuteri had no significant effect on broiler growth. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed clustering of cecal microbial operational taxonomic unit diversity according to treatment. The influence of bacitracin and 10RJ on bacterial community overall structure was similar. They promoted Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae, increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes, while the negative control condition favored Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae. Furthermore, 10RJ increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the cecum and changed the metabolome overall. Conclusions These overall suggest that 10RJ can promote a host-friendly gut environment by changing the cecal microbiome and metabolome. This combination of natural antimicrobial agents in the drinking water had a positive effect on broiler growth and may be suitable as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00683-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Séverine Zirah
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada.
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Bean-Hodgins L, Mohammadigheisar M, Edwards A, Wang C, Barbut S, Kiarie E. Comparative impact of conventional and alternative gut health management programs on growth performance and breast meat quality in broiler chickens raised in commercial and research settings. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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27
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Wu Y, Nie C, Luo R, Qi F, Bai X, Chen H, Niu J, Chen C, Zhang W. Effects of Multispecies Probiotic on Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Barrier Function of Neonatal Calves Infected With E. coli K99. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:813245. [PMID: 35154038 PMCID: PMC8826468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota are implicated in inflammatory neonatal calf diarrhea caused by E. coli K99. Beneficial probiotics are used to modulate gut microbiota. However, factors that mediate host-microbe interactions remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of a combination of multispecies probiotics (MSP) on growth, intestinal epithelial development, intestinal immune function and microbiota of neonatal calves infected with E. coli K99. Twelve newborn calves were randomly assigned as follows: C (control, without MSP); D (E. coli O78:K99 + gentamycin); and P (E. coli O78:K99 + supplemental MSP). All groups were studied for 21 d. MSP supplementation significantly (i) changed fungal Chao1 and Shannon indices of the intestine compared with group D; (ii) reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria, while increasing Bifidobacteria, Ascomycetes, and Saccharomyces, compared with groups C and D; (iii) improved duodenal and jejunal mucosal SIgA and total Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) concentrations compared with group D; (iv) increased relative ZO-1 and occludin mRNA expression in jejunal mucosa compared with group D; and (v) enhanced intestinal energy metabolism and defense mechanisms of calves by reducing HSP90 expression in E. coli K99, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response and promoting recovery of mucosal function. Our research may provide direct theoretical support for future applications of MSP in ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruiqing Luo
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi, China
| | - Fenghua Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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28
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Eid S, Tolba HM, Hamed RI, Al-Atfeehy NM. Bacteriophage therapy as an alternative biocontrol against emerging multidrug resistant E. coli in broilers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3380-3389. [PMID: 35844393 PMCID: PMC9280247 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is considered a severe issue to both poultry business and health of the general public. In that context, 50 samples from 250 diseased broiler chickens in 10 chicken farms were employed to Escherichia coli isolation. Microbiological techniques were employed to detect isolates of E. coli from 250 diseased broiler chickens which were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility profiles against 11 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion technique as well as their biofilm forming capacity were detected. In addition to, study the isolation and purification of phages based on spot technique to verify that lytic phages are present in E. coli isolates and plaque assay for titration of bacteriophages. In the present research, we also looked at the ability of bacteriophages to inhibit and dissolve previously formed biofilms by E. coli O78 isolate. Moreover, experimental testing of E. coli O78 bacteriophages for colibacillosis prevention and control in one day old broiler chicks were done. The obtained results showed that twenty-six E. coli isolates out of 50 examined samples were isolated (10.4%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O121:H7, O146:H2, O124, O113:H4, O112:H2, O1:H7, O55:H7, O2:H6, O91:H21, O26:H11. Antibiogram results demonstrated the resistance of E. coli isolates with high percentage 100% were against, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline. Biofilm quantification analysis showed that 24/26 (92.3%) isolates were considered biofilm producer isolates. The characterization and the lytic activity of bacteriophage were performed based on Transmission electron microscopy and showed the greatest lytic activity against the evaluated host strains with effective activity at concentration of 107 at 24 h and strong significant reduction of the established E. coli O 78 biofilm within 12 h. The result of experimental infection showed that the performance indicators of phage in treated and challenged group showed high significant increase in body weight, weight gain and improved FCR than infected –antibiotic treated and infected bacteriophage and antibiotic treated. Total viable cell counts of E. coli in the lungs of birds revealed that there is highly significant difference between the six groups count results. We concluded that phage therapy found to be an attractive option to prevent and control multidrug resistant colibacillosis in broilers.
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29
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Juricova H, Matiasovicova J, Faldynova M, Sebkova A, Kubasova T, Prikrylova H, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Havlickova H, Rychlik I. Probiotic Lactobacilli Do Not Protect Chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection by Competitive Exclusion in the Intestinal Tract but in Feed, Outside the Chicken Host. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020219. [PMID: 35208674 PMCID: PMC8877478 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics in poultry to improve production parameters and to increase chicken resistance to enteric infections. However, lactobacilli do not efficiently colonise the chicken intestinal tract, and also, their anti-infection effect in vivo is sometimes questionable. In this study, we therefore evaluated the potential of a mixture of four Lactobacillus species (L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. ingluviei and L. alvi) for the protection of chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Whenever the chickens were inoculated by lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis separately, there was no protective effect of lactobacilli. This means that when lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis are exposed to each other as late as in the crop of chickens, lactobacilli did not influence chicken resistance to S. Enteritidis at all. The only positive effect was recorded when the mixture of lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis was used for the inoculation of feed and the feed was anaerobically fermented for 1 to 5 days. In this case, chickens fed such a diet remained S. Enteritidis negative. In vitro experiments showed that the protective effect was caused by acidification of feed down to pH 4.6 due to lactobacilli fermentation and was associated with S. Enteritidis inactivation. The probiotic effect of lactobacilli was thus expressed in the feed, outside the chicken host.
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Schreier J, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Rychlik I, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:3. [PMID: 34983636 PMCID: PMC8729143 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the main reasons for skeletal disease in meat type chickens. Intervention strategies are still rare and focus mainly on early antibiotic treatment of the disease, although there are no data available concerning the effectivity of this procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the effectivity of early lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life after EC-infection. Furthermore, the impact of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment and EC infection on the development of cecal microbiota was investigated. Methods A total of 383 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups (non-infected and non-treated, non-infected and treated, EC-infected and non-treated, and EC-infected and treated). The EC-infected groups were inoculated orally with an EC suspension at the day of arrival and at study day 3. The treatment groups were treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin via the drinking water for six consecutive days, starting two hours after the first inoculation. Necropsy of 20 chickens per group was performed at study days 7, 14, 21, and 42. Bacteriological examination via culture and real-time PCR was performed to detect EC in different extraintestinal organs. Cecal samples of nine chickens per group and necropsy day were analyzed to characterize the composition of the cecal microbiota. Results No clinical signs or pathologic lesions were found at necropsy, and EC was not detected in extraintestinal organs of the EC-infected and treated birds. Lincomycin-spectinomycin promoted the growth of the bacterial genus Escherichia/Shigella and reduced the amount of potentially beneficial Lactobacillus spp. in the ceca regardless of EC-infection. Unexpectedly, the highest abundances of the genus Enterococcus were found directly after ending antibiotic treatment in both treatment groups, suggesting the growth of resistant enterococcal species. EC was not detected among the most abundant members of the genus Enterococcus. Oral EC-infection at the first day of life did not influence the development of cecal microbiota in the present study. Conclusions Lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life can prevent the EC-associated disease in broiler type chickens and has a direct impact on the development of the cecal microbiota. The low abundance of EC in the ceca of infected chickens underlines the pathogenic nature of the disease-causing EC strains. Further research on alternative prevention and intervention strategies is needed with regard to current efforts on reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00467-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schreier
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Effect of Detoxified Nano Sulfur Supplementation on the Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Meat Quality, Excreta Microbes, Gas Emissions, and Blood Profiles of Broilers. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:48-55. [PMID: 35125912 PMCID: PMC8791777 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of mineral detoxified sulfur dispersion ((DSD); Patent No.: 10-1997773) on the growth performance, meat quality, excreta microbiota, gas emissions, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of broilers. In total, 720 one-day-old ROSS 308 broilers, with an initial body weight of 41.9±0.8 g, were divided into two (2) treatment groups with 20 replicate pens/groups composed of 18 birds per pen. Treatments consisted of 1) CON (the control), normal drinking water and 2) TRT (the treatment group), CON+0.001% DSD (1000:1 dilution ratio). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased in the TRT group (P<0.05) between days 1 to 7 and days 7 to 21 of the experimental period. Similarly, body weight gain (BWG) showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the DSD-supplemented group throughout in the length of the experiment. With regard to meat quality, redness (a*) was higher, while drip loss was lower, on the 7th day in the DSD group. Furthermore, DSD supplementation increased (P<0.05) Lactobacillus excreta but decreased E. coli concentrations in the TRT group compared to the CON group. Notably, nutrient digestibility, excreta gas emission, and blood profiles did not show any significant differences (P>0.05). DSD supplementation, administered through drinking water, has a positive impact on the growth performance, meat quality, and excreta microbiota of broiler chickens.
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed.
Part 9: Polymyxins: colistin. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06861. [PMID: 34729089 PMCID: PMC8546797 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of colistin in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC, it was not possible to conclude the assessment until further experimental data become available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels of colistin in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported. It was recommended to carry out studies to generate the data that are required to fill the gaps which prevented the calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
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Badr H, Nabil NM, Tawakol MM. Effects of the prebiotic lactoferrin on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infections in broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:2197-2205. [PMID: 34566339 PMCID: PMC8448632 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2197-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Increased multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has created challenges for the poultry industry. Consequently, new antimicrobial agents should preferentially be utilized for the prevention and treatment of E. coli outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) as a prebiotic on broiler chicks challenged with multidrug-resistant E. coli in comparison with antibiotics. Materials and Methods A total of 70 diseased flocks from Egypt were collected for E. coli isolation and identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determination. E. coli was isolated and characterized phenotypically and one isolate that showed multidrug-resistance was selected. A challenge trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of LF as a prebiotic on the isolated multidrug-resistant E. coli. Liver samples were collected from the experimental chicks and subjected to E. coli enumeration to illustrate the effectiveness of LF on the liver cells and bacteria using an electron microscope. Serum samples were also collected to estimate lysozyme and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Results After isolation of E. coli with a percentage of 54.3% from the diseased broilers, the strain was serotyped (identified serotypes: O2, O18, O55, O78, O86a, O111, O125, O126, O127, O157, O159, and O166). Multi-antibiotic resistance was found to be harbored in a high percentage among 11 antibiotic discs. The LF in the prophylactic and treated groups was found to have a significant effect in comparison with the group treated with the drug of choice (ciprofloxacin). Furthermore, a significant difference in the NO (one of non-specific immune response) and a non-significant difference in lysozyme concentrations were reported in the group fed on rations with LF in comparison with the non-fed group. Conclusion LF was thus identified as an effective prebiotic that can improve chick performance, help them to overcome multidrug-resistant E. coli and stimulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Liu Y, Yan T, Ren Z, Yang X. Age-associated changes in caecal microbiome and their apparent correlations with growth performances of layer pullets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:841-848. [PMID: 34466688 PMCID: PMC8379648 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome in gastrointestinal tracts play an important role in regulating nutrient utilization and absorption, gut immune function, and host growth or development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition and dynamic distribution of caecal microbiota in pullets during the first 16 weeks. Growth performance, immune organs index, and intestinal morphology of pullets were analyzed at 3, 6, 12 and 16 weeks of age. The caecal contents were collected for microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. With advancing ages in pullets, the gradually increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and intestinal villus height, but the gradually decreased organs index of thymus and bursa were determined. Meanwhile, more abundant caecal bacterial communities were determined from pullets at 12 and 16 weeks of age than those at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Furthermore, the dominant microflora of pullets from different weeks of age were analyzed by using LEfSe: The higher abundance of Blautia, Prevotella, Alistipes, and Eggerthella were found at 6 weeks; Anaerostipes, Oscillospira, Enterococcus and Methanobrevibacter were determined at 12 weeks; and the higher abundance of Parabacteroides, Anaerofustis, Lactobacillus and Butyricimonas were determined at 16 weeks. Further functional predicted analysis by PICRUSt revealed that the endocrine system and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly developed at 3 weeks. The development of the immune system was predicted to be mainly during 6 to 12 weeks, while cardiovascular diseases and circulatory system were during 12 to 16 weeks. In addition, the significantly negative correlation between Bacteroides and villus height, the significantly negative correlation between growth parameters (ADFI and FCR) and Bacteroides, Oscillospira and Alistipes; and the significantly positive relations between growth parameters (ADFI and FCR) and Bilophila, Lactobacillus, Rikenella and Anaerofustis were determined by using Pearson analyses. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that growth performance and intestinal morphology correlate well with caecal microbiota, which could provide new insights to establish or develop nutritional strategies to manage the intestinal health or development of laying pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wu Z, Yang K, Zhang A, Chang W, Zheng A, Chen Z, Cai H, Liu G. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli O157. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101323. [PMID: 34280647 PMCID: PMC8319008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and immune response of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O157 (E. Coli). A total of 360 1-day-old Cobb male broilers were tested in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 dietary L. acidophilus levels (0, 5 × 108 CFU/kg, and 10 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) and 2 disease challenge treatments (control or E. coli challenged). Results showed that E. coli challenge decreased the ADG, ADFI, and BW of broilers from 15 to 21 d (P < 0.05), increased the jejunum intestinal wall thickness, and significantly increased the mortality rate. E. coli challenge significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the serum IgA and IgM contents and peripheral blood CD3+ T cell counts (P < 0.05), increased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, IL-1β in the jejunum and iNOS in the spleen, and downregulated the occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the ileum at 21 d compared with uninfected birds (P < 0.05). Dietary L. acidophilus supplementation consistently showed higher BW, ADG, ADFI, and jejunum and ileum V:C ratio at 14 d and 21 d in the presence and absence of E. coli challenge (P < 0.05). L. acidophilus supplementation reduced the mortality rate caused by E. coli challenge (P < 0.05), decreased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 14 d and 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, and IL-1β in the jejunum in E. coli challenged birds at 21 d (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus can improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and survival of broilers challenged with E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anrong Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aijuan Zheng
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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Adeyemi KD, Obaaro BM, Awoyeye ET, Edward AE, Asogwa TN. Onion leaf and synthetic additives in broiler diet: impact on splenic cytokines, serum immunoglobulins, cecal bacterial population, and muscle antioxidant status. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5245-5255. [PMID: 33611786 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disadvantages associated with the use of synthetic additives in animal production could threaten human and animal health, and the safety of animal-derived foods. This study assessed the growth performance, blood chemistry, immune indices, selected caeca bacterial population, muscle antioxidant enzyme activities, and meat quality in broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with antibiotic (70% oxytetracycline +30% neomycin), tert-butylhydroxytoluene or onion leaf powder (OLP). One day old Ross 308 chicks (n = 240) were assigned randomly to either D-1, control diet (CD) without additives; D-2, CD + 0.3 g kg-1 antibiotic +0.15 g kg-1 tert-butylhydroxytoluene; D-3, CD + 2.5 g kg-1 OLP; or D-4, CD + 5 g kg-1 OLP for 42 days. RESULTS The D-2 and D-4 diets improved (P < 0.05) bodyweight gain and feed efficiency in broilers. Platelet and cecal Lactobacillus spp. counts were higher (P < 0.05) whereas muscle cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in the OLP-supplemented birds. Supplemented birds had higher (P < 0.01) splenic interleukin-10 and lower (P < 0.01) splenic tumor necrosis factor-α, immunoglobulin A, cecal E. coli and C. perfringens counts compared with the D-1 birds. The D-4 birds had the least (P < 0.05) splenic interleukin-1β. Dietary supplements increased (P < 0.05) catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity, and lowered (P < 0.05) drip loss, malondialdehyde and carbonyl content in breast meat. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of 5 g kg-1 OLP exerted antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects that were comparable to those of antibiotics and tert-butylhydroxytoluene in broiler chickens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem D Adeyemi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Blessing M Obaaro
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth T Awoyeye
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anne E Edward
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tobechukwu N Asogwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Central Research Laboratory and Diagnostics, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Song X, Lin Z, Yu C, Qiu M, Peng H, Jiang X, Du H, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ren P, Yang C. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on growth traits, slaughter performance, serum markers and intestinal bacterial community of Daheng broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:575-585. [PMID: 34338348 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are expected to be an ideal alternative for antibiotics in the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on growth traits, slaughter performance, serum markers and intestinal bacterial community of Daheng broilers. A total of 2400 healthy one-day-old Daheng broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 40 individuals per replicate. Birds in control group were fed a basal diet, and others were fed basal diets supplemented with 105 , 106 , 107 and 108 CFU/kg Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively. It turned out that adding Lactobacillus plantarum to diet could significantly improve the serum immune performance of broilers (p < 0.05), enhance the antioxidant capacity to a certain extent (p > 0.05), but had no significant effect on growth traits and slaughter performance. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum could improve the diversity of intestinal bacterial community, but with the increase of addition concentration, the diversity would gradually decrease. In conclusion, Lactobacillus plantarum can be used as feed additive in broiler production, but whether it is more effective than antibiotics needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Song
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Peng
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi A, Jahanian R. Silymarin improved the growth performance via modulating the microbiota and mucosal immunity in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bean-Hodgins L, Kiarie EG. Mandated restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken production in Canada: implications, emerging challenges, and opportunities for bolstering gastrointestinal function and health– A review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chicken Farmers of Canada has been progressively phasing out prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Consequently, hatcheries, veterinarians, and nutritionists have been mandated to contend with less reliance on use of preventive antibiotics. A topical concern is the increased risk of proliferation of enteric pathogens leading to poor performance, increased mortality and compromised welfare. Moreover, the gut harbors several taxa such as Campylobacter and Salmonella capable of causing significant illnesses in humans via contaminated poultry products. This has created opportunity for research and development of dietary strategies designed to modulate gastrointestinal environment for enhanced performance and food safety. Albeit with inconsistent responses, literature data suggests that dietary strategies such as feed enzymes, probiotics/prebiotics and phytogenic feed additives can bolster gut health and function in broiler chickens. However, much of the efficacy data was generated at controlled research settings that vary significantly with the complex commercial broiler production operations due to variation in dietary, health and environmental conditions. This review will summarize implications of mandated restrictions on the preventative use of antibiotics and emerging Canadian broiler production programs to meet processor specifications. Challenges and opportunities for integrating alternative dietary strategies in commercial broiler production settings will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bean-Hodgins
- New-Life Mills, A division of Parrish & Heimbecker, Cambridge , Ontario, Canada
- University of Guelph, 3653, Department of Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elijah G. Kiarie
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed M, Shehata AA, Mohamed Ammar A, Allam TS, Ali AS, Ahmed RH, Abeer Mohammed A, Tarabees R. The beneficial effects of a multistrain potential probiotic, formic, and lactic acids with different vaccination regimens on broiler chickens challenged with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2850-2857. [PMID: 34012326 PMCID: PMC8116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Tamer S. Allam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S. Ali
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha H. Ahmed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - A.B. Abeer Mohammed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Reda Tarabees
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040467. [PMID: 33921518 PMCID: PMC8069529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and recent reports have suggested APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Herein, we discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated. In addition to the known virulence factors, several other factors including quorum sensing system, secretion systems, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and genes associated with metabolism also contribute to APEC pathogenesis. The clear understanding of these factors will help in developing new effective treatments. The APEC isolates (particularly belonging to ST95 and ST131 or O1, O2, and O18) have genetic similarities and commonalities in virulence genes with human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) and abilities to cause urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of APEC cannot be undervalued. APEC resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, has been already reported. There is a need for an effective APEC vaccine that can provide protection against diverse APEC serotypes. Alternative therapies, especially the virulence inhibitors, can provide a novel solution with less likelihood of developing resistance.
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Hu R, Liu H, Wang M, Li J, Lin H, Liang M, Gao Y, Yang M. An OMV-Based Nanovaccine Confers Safety and Protection against Pathogenic Escherichia coli via Both Humoral and Predominantly Th1 Immune Responses in Poultry. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112293. [PMID: 33233490 PMCID: PMC7699605 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection in poultry causes enormous economic losses and public health risks. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and nano-sized proteolipids enriched with various immunogenic molecules have gained extensive interest as novel nanovaccines against bacterial infections. In this study, after the preparation of APEC O2-derived OMVs (APEC_OMVs) using the ultracentrifugation method and characterization of them using electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyses, we examined the safety and vaccination effect of APEC_OMVs in broiler chicks and investigated the underlying immunological mechanism of protection. The results showed that APEC_OMVs had membrane-enclosed structures with an average diameter of 89 nm. Vaccination with 50 μg of APEC_OMVs had no side effects and efficiently protected chicks against homologous infection. APEC_OMVs could be effectively taken up by chicken macrophages and activated innate immune responses in macrophages in vitro. APEC_OMV vaccination significantly improved activities of serum non-specific immune factors, enhanced the specific antibody response and promoted the proliferation of splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to mitogen. Furthermore, APEC_OMVs also elicited a predominantly IFN-γ-mediated Th1 response in splenic lymphocytes. Our data revealed the involvement of both non-specific immune responses and specific antibody and cytokine responses in the APEC_OMV-mediated protection, providing broader knowledge for the development of multivalent APEC_OMV-based nanovaccine with high safety and efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Haojing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, No.24 Weihui Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyue Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (M.Y.)
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Fancher CA, Zhang L, Kiess AS, Adhikari PA, Dinh TT, Sukumaran AT. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in No Antibiotics Ever Broiler Production and Potential Solutions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1533. [PMID: 33036173 PMCID: PMC7599686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
United States is the largest producer and the second largest exporter of broiler meat in the world. In the US, broiler production is largely converting to antibiotic-free programs which has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality within broiler farms. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens are two important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the broiler environment and result in annual billion-dollar losses from colibacillosis, gangrenous dermatitis, and necrotic enteritis. The broiler industry is in search of non-antibiotic alternatives including novel vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and housing management strategies to mitigate production losses due to these diseases. This review provides an overview of the broiler industry and antibiotic free production, current challenges, and emerging research on antibiotic alternatives to reduce pathogenic microbial presence and improve bird health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Fancher
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Aaron S. Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Pratima A. Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Thu T.N. Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Anuraj T. Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
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Abbas AO, Alaqil AA, El-Beltagi HS, Abd El-Atty HK, Kamel NN. Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E893. [PMID: 32967097 PMCID: PMC7555396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis (PR) is a resin product of bee colonies that has rich bioactive antioxidant and bactericidal compounds. Endotoxin, a byproduct of bacterial growth, is reported to cause progressive induction of endogenous oxidative stress and has negative impacts on individual health and wellbeing. Hereby, we investigated the ability of PR to alleviate the oxidative stress and immunosuppression imposed by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli using laying hen as a based model. In this study, PR was dietary supplemented to hens for 4 weeks at a concentration of 0.1%. At the beginning of the 4th week of the experiment, hens from control and PR treatment were injected with E. coli (O157:H7; 107 colonies/hen) or saline. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) negative impact of E. coli challenge on antioxidant status, immune response and productive performance. PR supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) and plasma corticosterone concentration. The antioxidant status was ameliorated with dietary PR supplementation to challenged hens, showing significant (p < 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations. Cell mediated, as well as, humeral immune response improved significantly (p < 0.05) with dietary PR verified by the enhancement of T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation and the positive respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Leucocyte cells viability increased significantly and the apoptotic factor forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) was reduced with PR supplementation. The current study revealed that dietary PR supplementation can effectively be used as an organic feed additive to overcome the endogenous oxidative stress induced by endotoxins challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Abbas
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - Hanaa K. Abd El-Atty
- Department of Poultry breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12611, Egypt;
| | - Nancy N. Kamel
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
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Diarra SS, Anand S. Impact of commercial feed dilution with copra meal or cassava leaf meal and enzyme supplementation on broiler performance. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5867-5873. [PMID: 33142504 PMCID: PMC7453207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary study investigated the impact of commercial feed dilution with copra meal (CM) or cassava leaf meal (CLM) and enzyme supplementation on broiler performance. Commercial feed alone (control) or diluted with CM and CLM at a concentration of 100 and 200 g/kg in the starter and finisher diets, respectively, was fed without and with Challenzyme 300A at a concentration of 300 g/tonne in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with a control. Two hundred, 7-day-old male, Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 diets containing 4 replicates of 10 birds each. There were no interaction or main effects (P > 0.05) on feed intake during either the starter or finisher phase. In the starter phase, feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) increased (P < 0.05) in the group fed with CM without enzyme. Enzyme supplementation restored F:G similar to the control. Diet dilution with CM or CLM had no effect (P > 0.05) on weight gain (WG) in the starter phase. Diluting the feed with CM or CLM without enzyme suppressed (P < 0.05) WG and F:G in the finisher phase, but enzyme supplementation restored the lost performances. There were no interaction or main effects (P > 0.05) on the carcass traits. Enzyme supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) feed cost per kilogram of carcass. Heavier ceca were observed in the group fed with dilution diets (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation reduced cecum weight in the group fed with CM (P < 0.05). The heaviest (P < 0.05) abdominal fat was recorded in the group fed with enzyme-supplemented CM diet, and the lightest (P < 0.05) abdominal fat was recorded in the group fed with CLM with enzyme. In the main effects, lighter (P < 0.05) liver, gizzard, and proventriculus were recorded in the group fed with control diet than in the group fed with the CLM diets, but the weight of these segments did not differ (P > 0.05) between the control and CM groups and between the fiber sources. The results suggest that dilution of commercial diet with CM or CLM may be a viable option for medium- and small-scale broiler production in the region. There is need for more research in the level of dilution, enzyme source, and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Diarra
- School of Agriculture and Food Technology, Alafua Campus, The University of the South Pacific, Apia, Samoa.
| | - S Anand
- School of Agriculture and Food Technology, Alafua Campus, The University of the South Pacific, Apia, Samoa
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Controlled Fermentation Using Autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Antimicrobial Potential of Chinese Chives against Poultry Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070386. [PMID: 32645847 PMCID: PMC7400581 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese chives (CC) are rich in several antimicrobial constituents including organosulfur compounds, phenolics, and saponins, among others. Herein, we fermented CC juice using an autochthonous isolate, Lactobacillus plantarum having antimicrobial effects against poultry pathogens toward formulating an antimicrobial feed additive. Following 24 h of fermentation, the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of CC juice were significantly enhanced against poultry pathogens. However, the antioxidant activity of CC juice was significantly decreased following fermentation. Meanwhile, the compositional changes of CC juice following fermentation were also investigated. The total polyphenol, thiol, and allicin contents were significantly decreased in L. plantarum 24 h-fermented CC juice (LpCC) extract; however, total flavonoids increased significantly following fermentation. The untargeted metabolite profiling of nonfermented CC juice (NCC) and LpCC extracts was carried out using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS) followed by multivariate analyses. The score plots of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS datasets displayed a clear segregation between the LpCC and NCC samples, which suggests their marked metabolomic disparity. Based on the multivariate analysis, we selected 17 significantly discriminant metabolites belonging to the different chemical classes including alkaloid, flavonols, saponins, fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids. Notably, the flavonols including the glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin as well as the saponins displayed significantly higher relative abundance in LpCC as compared with NCC. This study provides useful insights for the development of a fermented CC juice based antimicrobial feed additive to combat poultry infections.
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Hu R, Li J, Zhao Y, Lin H, Liang L, Wang M, Liu H, Min Y, Gao Y, Yang M. Exploiting bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a cross-protective vaccine candidate against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:119. [PMID: 32493405 PMCID: PMC7268718 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The well-known fact that avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is harder to prevent due to its numerous serogroups has promoted the development of biological immunostimulatory materials as new vaccine candidates in poultry farms. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), known as spherical nanovesicles enriched with various immunostimulants, are naturally secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, and have gained much attention for developing effective vaccine candidates. Recent report has demonstrated that OMVs of APEC O78 can induce protective immunity in chickens. Here, a novel multi-serogroup OMVs (MOMVs) vaccine was developed to achieve cross-protection against APEC infection in broiler chickens. Results In this study, OMVs produced by three APEC strains were isolated, purified and prepared into MOMVs by mixing these three OMVs. By using SDS-PAGE and LC–MS/MS, 159 proteins were identified in MOMVs and the subcellular location and biological functions of 20 most abundant proteins were analyzed. The immunogenicity of MOMVs was evaluated, and the results showed that MOMVs could elicit innate immune responses, including internalization by chicken macrophage and production of immunomodulatory cytokines. Vaccination with MOMVs induced specific broad-spectrum antibodies as well as Th1 and Th17 immune responses. The animal experiment has confirmed that immunization with an appropriate dose of MOMVs could not cause any adverse effect and was able to reduce bacteria loads and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, thus providing effective cross-protection against lethal infections induced by multi-serogroup APEC strains in chickens. Further experiments indicated that, although vesicular proteins were able to induce stronger protective efficiency than lipopolysaccharide, both vesicular proteins and lipopolysaccharide are crucial in MOMVs-mediated protection. Conclusions The multi-serogroup nanovesicles produced by APEC strains will open up a new way for the development of next generation vaccines with low toxicity and broad protection in the treatment and control of APEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocation and Technical College, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuezhen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haojing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Meyer MM, Fries-Craft KA, Bobeck EA. Composition and inclusion of probiotics in broiler diets alter intestinal permeability and spleen immune cell profiles without negatively affecting performance1. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5682675. [PMID: 31863089 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic feed additives with potential to enhance performance, health, and immunity have gained considerable popularity in commercial broiler production. The study objectives were to measure broiler performance, gut integrity, and splenic immune cell profiles in birds fed one of two probiotics at two inclusion levels. Nine hundred sixty Ross 708 broilers (12 per pen) were randomly assigned to no additive control, 0.05% or 0.10% LactoCare (Lactobacillus reuteri), or 0.05% or 0.10% LactoPlan (Lactobacillus plantarum) dietary treatments for 6 wk. On day 27, a 20-pen subset was utilized for a fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) assay, where half of the pens were subject to a 12-h feed restriction (FR) pregavage. Serum collected from blood drawn 1-h postgavage was analyzed for relative fluorescence of FITC-d absorbed across the intestinal barrier as a gut leakiness indicator. On day 42, spleens from eight birds per treatment were collected for immune cell profile analysis by multicolor flow cytometry. Although performance outcomes were not affected by dietary treatment, FITC-d absorption post-FR was increased 57% in the 0.05% LactoPlan treatment, and was decreased by 12.6% in the 0.05% LactoCare diet, 12% in the 0.10% LactoCare diet, and 22% in the 0.10% LactoPlan diet compared with the control. This indicates a positive impact in barrier integrity maintenance due to 0.05% and 0.10% LactoCare and 0.10% LactoPlan diet following a challenge. Immune cell profiles varied between the two probiotic compositions, with an approximately 50% reduction in splenic innate immune cells (monocyte/macrophage+) in birds fed LactoPlan (P < 0.0001) and greater overall percentages of CD45+ leukocytes and CD3+ T cells in birds fed 0.10% LactoCare (P < 0.0001). LactoPlan diets shifted splenic T-cell populations in favor of CD8α + cytotoxic T cells (TC; P = 0.007), while higher inclusions (0.10%) of either probiotic increased the percentage of activated CD4+ helper T cells (TH; P < 0.0001). These results indicate that compositionally different probiotics had varying effects on the gut permeability and splenic immune cell profiles in broiler chickens, particularly at higher inclusion rates, but observed changes to underlying physiology did not negatively impact performance outcomes. The ability of a probiotic to alter gut permeability and immune cell profile, therefore, may depend on the compositional complexity of the product as well as inclusion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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50
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Ekim B, Calik A, Ceylan A, Saçaklı P. Effects of Paenibacillus xylanexedens on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poult Sci 2020; 99:214-223. [PMID: 32416805 PMCID: PMC7587685 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments (8 floor pens, 10 birds/pen) including 1) negative control (NC) birds fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; 2) positive control (PC) birds fed a basal diet and challenged with of E. coli K88; 3) P. xylanexedens ysm1 treatment (PRO) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 × 109P. xylanexedens ysm1 cfu/kg feed and challenged with E. coli K88; and 4) antibiotic treatment (ANT) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg of colistin sulphate/kg of feed and challenged with E. coli K88. The E. coli challenge decreased (P < 0.05) BWG in PC birds compared with the ANT birds on days 21 and 28. The FCR was higher (P < 0.01) in PC birds compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on days 14, 21, and 28. Compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on day 28, PC birds had shorter villi and higher number of goblet cells in both jejunum and ileum (P < 0.001). Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the E. coli challenge reduced the number of PCNA-positive cells in both the jejunum and ileum on day 28. Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 treatment resulted in higher concentration of mucosal sIgA in the jejunum as compared to the other treatment groups on days 14 and 28. The numbers of cecal E. coli were reduced (P = 0.017) in broilers treated with P. xylanexedens ysm1 or antibiotic in comparison with the PC group on day 28. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of this new probiotic bacteria P. xylanexedens ysm1 improved broiler performance by modulating intestinal morphology, enhancing immune response, and reducing the number of E. coli in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ekim
- Life Sciences Research and Application Centre, Gazi University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Calik
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Saçaklı
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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