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Ndunguru SF, Reda GK, Csernus B, Knop R, Lugata JK, Szabó C, Lendvai ÁZ, Czeglédi L. Embryonic Leucine Promotes Early Postnatal Growth via mTOR Signalling in Japanese Quails. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2596. [PMID: 39272381 PMCID: PMC11394045 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional cues during embryonic development can alter developmental trajectories and affect postnatal growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which nutrients influence avian growth remain largely unknown. Amino acids can directly interact with the nutrient-sensing pathways, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which are known to regulate growth. We examined the effects of embryonic leucine on gene expression and phenotypic growth in Japanese quails by injecting 2.5 mg leucine or saline (control) into Japanese quail eggs on the tenth day of incubation and incubating them under standard conditions. The treatment groups had similar hatching success and size at hatching. However, between 3 and 7 days post-hatching, quails treated with embryonic leucine showed increased growth in body mass and wing, tarsus, head, and intestinal lengths, lasting up to 21 days. The hepatic expression of IGF1, IGF1R, mTOR, and RPS6K1 was upregulated in leucine-treated quails, while the expression of FOXO1 remained unaffected. In conclusion, a subtle increase in embryonic leucine may induce developmental programming effects in Japanese quail by interacting with the IGF-1/mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway to promote growth. This study highlights the role of embryonic amino acids as crucial nutrients for enhancing growth. It provides valuable insight into nutrient intervention strategies during embryonic development to potentially improve poultry growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawadi F Ndunguru
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gebrehaweria K Reda
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Knop
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - James K Lugata
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi‐Torshizi MA, Masoudi AA, Rahimi S, Saba F, Zaboli G, Hedayat‐Evrigh N. Diets containing phytobiotics, l-arginine, vitamin E and captopril modulate ascites syndrome-related genes expression in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1542. [PMID: 39049705 PMCID: PMC11269884 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our hypothesis centred on the potential to mitigate ascites outbreaks in birds exposed to cold stress by inhibiting pulmonary artery contraction through dietary intervention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural and synthetic medications on growth performance, ascites-related parameters and the expression of ascites-related genes in the lung tissue of broiler chickens under low ambient temperature. METHODS We randomly assigned 450 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks to six dietary treatments across five replicate pens, each containing 15 chicks. The treatments included a basal diet (control), and the basal diet was supplemented with hydroalcoholic extracts of sumac (HES, 200 mg/kg), Syrian mesquite (HEM, 200 mg/kg), l-arginine (40% above requirement), captopril (15 mg/kg) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg). RESULTS Diets containing HEM, l-arginine and vitamin E resulted in increased average daily gain on days 8-14 and 0-28, whereas HES showed a similar effect only during days 8-14 compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). Additionally, feed additives decreased packed cell volume, left and right ventricle volumes and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, chickens fed the control and l-arginine diets exhibited higher levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in lung tissue compared to those fed HES, HEM and captopril (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with HEM and l-arginine increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in lung tissue compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) expression, feed additives increased mRNA level in lung tissue, except for captopril (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the plant extracts may reduce the incidence of ascites syndrome not only through their antioxidant properties but also by modulating the expression of ACE, iNOS and Cu/Zn-SOD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Laboratory ScienceKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals InstituteResearch Institute of ZabolZabolIran
| | - Nemat Hedayat‐Evrigh
- Department of Animal SciencesCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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Ji Q, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Su Q, He T, Hou S, Gui L. Multi-Omics Revealed Resveratrol and β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyric Acid Alone or in Combination Improved the Jejunal Function in Tibetan Sheep. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:892. [PMID: 39199138 PMCID: PMC11351831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research studies confirmed that both resveratrol (RES) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyric acid (HMB) improved growth performance by altering intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying of RES and HMB on intestinal function remains unclear in ruminant. In this study, supplements of RES and HMB alone or in combination were evaluated as promoters of antioxidant capacity, immune response and barrier function, and modulators of the microbiota and metabolite profiles in the jejunum of Tibetan sheep. A total of 120 two-month-old Tibetan rams were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 30 per treatment), which were supplemented with a basal diet with 1.5 g RES/d (RES group), 1.25 g HMB/d (HMB group), 1.5 g RES/d plus 1.25 g HMB/d (RES-HMB group), and without additions (Control group). The results showed that RES and HMB improved the antioxidant capacity (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC), immunity (IgA, IgG, and IgM), and digestive enzyme activity (α-amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin) of the experimental lambs (p < 0.05). Additionally, jejunal morphology including villus width, villus height, and muscle layer thickness exhibited a significant difference when rams were fed diets supplemented with RES and HMB (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the determination of fermentation parameters showed that the butyrate concentration in the RES-HMB group was greater than those in the C and RES groups (p < 0.05). When compared to the C group, barrier-related gene expression (MUC-2, ZO-1, and IL-10) was significantly increased in the RES-HMB group (p < 0.05). Dietary RES and (or) HMB supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Methanobrevibacter, Actinobacteriota and Bacillus (p < 0.05). The abundance of differential bacteria was positively associated with butyrate concentration (p < 0.05). Metabolome analysis revealed that alpha ketoglutarate, succinic semialdehyde, and diacetyl as well as butanoate metabolism pathways connected to the improvements in butyrate concentration by RES and (or) HMB supplementation. Collectively, our results suggested that RES and (or) HMB supplementation improved butyrate concentration via regulating the microbial community (Methanobrevibacter, Actinobacteriota and Bacillus) and metabolism (alpha ketoglutarate, succinic semialdehyde, and diacetyl), thus contributing to jejunal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Q.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (S.H.)
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Khalil MH, Hassan SS, Soliman FNK, Hassan MI. In-Ovo injection of melittin into Alexandria chicken eggs: a way for early immune acceleration. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4060-4068. [PMID: 37688385 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2255063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to assess the properties of in-ovo administration of Melittin (MLT) on hatchability, chick yield, hematology, immunological indices and relative organs weight of Alexandria chickens at hatch. A total of 600 eggs with an average weight of (45.12 g), were gathered and split into five groups: a non-injected group or negative control (NC), a saline injection group or positive control (PC), and three concentrations of MLT (5, 10 and 15 µg of MLT per egg, respectively). On day 18 of incubation, eggs from the injection groups were injected into the amniotic fluid from the large end with the in-ovo injection solutions (0.2 ml per egg). Results indicated that 10 µg MLT/egg positively affected the weight and yield of chicks. In addition, our findings indicated that the in-ovo administration with 10 or 15 µg MLT/egg was superior in most of the immunological indicators (spleen and bursa relative weights, immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, T cells and B cells). In conclusion, in order to improve the immune efficiency (early immune acceleration) of Alexandria chicks, which may contribute to offering a significant boost to their future performance, this study suggests injecting eggs with 5 or 10 µg MLT/egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Khalil
- Poultry Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saber S Hassan
- Animal and Poultry Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Farid N K Soliman
- Poultry Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Hassan
- Livestock Research Dept., Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Muyyarikkandy MS, Mathew E, Kuttappan D, Amalaradjou MA. Research Note: In ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation improves layer embryo and pullet growth. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103092. [PMID: 37769489 PMCID: PMC10542637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely used as feed supplements in the poultry industry to promote growth and performance in chickens. Specifically, this supplementation starts around the time of lay and continues through the production cycle in laying hens. However, the embryonic period is critical to the growth and development of metabolically active organs thereby influencing subsequent health and productivity in adult birds. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential use of probiotics to promote embryonic growth in layers. Further, a pilot grow-out study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo and in-feed probiotic application on pullet growth. For the study, fertile White Leghorn eggs were sprayed with phosphate buffered saline (control, CON) or probiotic cocktail (in ovo only, IO; Lactobacillus paracasei DUP 13076 and L. rhamnosus NRRL B 442) prior to and during incubation. The embryos were sacrificed on d 7, 10, 14, and 18 of incubation for embryo morphometry. On d 18, remaining eggs were set in the hatcher to assess hatchability and hatchling morphometry. For the pullet trial, hatchlings were raised on feed with or without probiotics until wk 5. Pullets were sacrificed weekly, and morphometric parameters were recorded. Results of our study demonstrate that in ovo probiotic application significantly improved relative embryo weight, crown-rump length, hatchability, and hatchling weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Further, this enhanced embryonic development was associated with a concomitant increase in posthatch growth. Specifically, pullets raised from probiotic-sprayed eggs had significantly improved crown-rump length, tibial length, tibial bone weight, and body weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, among the different treatment schemes employed in this study [CON (no probiotics), in-feed only (IF), IO only, and in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation (IOIF)], sustained probiotic supplementation (IOIF) was found to be the most effective in promoting growth. Therefore, in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation could be employed to promote embryo and pullet growth to support subsequent performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elza Mathew
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Deepa Kuttappan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Parandoosh H, Khodaei-Motlagh M, Ghasemi HA, Farahani AHK. Effects of day-of-hatch intramuscular administration of a herbal extract mixture and its re-supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, stress indicators, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared under hot summer conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:196. [PMID: 37147529 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Broilers under oxidative stress from high ambient temperatures may benefit from the use of additives that have antioxidant properties. This experiment investigated the efficacy of a herbal extract mixture (HEM; aqueous extracts from Ferula gummosa, Thymus vulgaris, and Trachyspermum copticum) in day-old chicks, injected intramuscular (deep pectoral muscle; (0, 30, 60, and 90 μL/0.1 mL of sterilized and distilled water)), and supplemented in drinking water (0 and 0.25 mL/L) during the rearing period. Broilers were reared in battery cages under summer temperature conditions, with average maximum temperature of 35.5°C, average minimum temperature of 25.5°C, and average relative humidity of 50-60%. A total of 400 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups (5 replicates/treatment with 10 birds per replicate). From d1 to d10, the indoor air temperature was adjusted to match fluctuating outdoor summer temperatures, and was set at 30-34°C and 50-60% relative humidity; and from d10 onwards, no adjustments were made. Injection of HEM linearly decreased feed:gain (P = 0.005), heterophile-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (P = 0.007), and serum concentrations of cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (P = 0.005), and cortisol (P = 0.008). The 60 μL of HEM injection produced the best results in terms of final body weight (BW; P = 0.003), overall average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.002), European performance index (P < 0.001), carcass yield (P < 0.001), and serum glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.001). Supplementation of HEM in drinking water also increased final BW (P = 0.048), overall ADG (P = 0.047), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.042), and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.030), while decreasing the H/L ratio (P = 0.004) and serum LDL concentration (P = 0.031). There were interactions between injection and water supplementation for BW (day 24; P = 0.045), carcass yield (day 42; P = 0.014), and serum superoxide dismutase activity (day 42; P = 0.004). In conclusion, administering an injection of HEM at a dose of 60 μL at the time of hatching, followed by supplementation at a dose of 0.25 mL/L via drinking water during the rearing period could be a useful strategy for improving the performance and health status of heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Parandoosh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Araújo I, Lara L. Perspectives on vitamin E, canthaxanthin and selenium to chick embryo antioxidant protection. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2192885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Kpodo KR, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Physiological effects of in ovo delivery of bioactive substances in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1124007. [PMID: 37008350 PMCID: PMC10060894 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has improved genetics, nutrition, and management practices, resulting in fast-growing chickens; however, disturbances during embryonic development may affect the entire production cycle and cause irreversible losses to broiler chicken producers. The most crucial time in the chicks' development appears to be the perinatal period, which encompasses the last few days of pre-hatch and the first few days of post-hatch. During this critical period, intestinal development occurs rapidly, and the chicks undergo a metabolic and physiological shift from the utilization of egg nutrients to exogenous feed. However, the nutrient reserve of the egg yolk may not be enough to sustain the late stage of embryonic development and provide energy for the hatching process. In addition, modern hatchery practices cause a delay in access to feed immediately post-hatch, and this can potentially affect the intestinal microbiome, health, development, and growth of the chickens. Development of the in ovo technology allowing for the delivery of bioactive substances into chicken embryos during their development represents a way to accommodate the perinatal period, late embryo development, and post-hatch growth. Many bioactive substances have been delivered through the in ovo technology, including carbohydrates, amino acids, hormones, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, antibodies, immunostimulants, minerals, and microorganisms with a variety of physiological effects. In this review, we focused on the physiological effects of the in ovo delivery of these substances, including their effects on embryo development, gastrointestinal tract function and health, nutrient digestion, immune system development and function, bone development, overall growth performance, muscle development and meat quality, gastrointestinal tract microbiota development, heat stress response, pathogens exclusion, and birds metabolism, as well as transcriptome and proteome. We believe that this method is widely underestimated and underused by the poultry industry.
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Effects of In Ovo Injection of Inorganic Salts of Zinc and Copper on Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Two Strains of Broiler Chickens. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2023-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was composed of two experiments which investigated the response of two strains (Arbor Acre and Cobb 500, respectively) of broiler chickens to in ovo injection of inorganic salts of zinc, copper and their combination. A total of 300 hatching eggs [only 148 (59.20 %) and 232 (90.27 %), respectively, were fertile] each of Arbor Acre and Cobb 500 strains of broiler chickens were used in both experiments. These eggs were distributed into four treatments: control, in ovo inorganic Zn (80 µg.egg−1), Cu (16 µg.egg−1) and combined Zn and Cu (80 µg.egg−1 Zn and 16 µg.egg−1 Cu). The data obtained in both experiments were subjected to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at the 5 % probability level. The results showed increased hatchability (P < 0.05) in eggs injected with the combination of inorganic salts of Zn and Cu in Experiment I and daily intake was influenced in both experiments. The carcass traits, organ development and gut morphometry were not significantly influenced by the treatment groups. The total serum protein and albumin of the birds were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by in ovo injection of inorganic salts of Zn and Cu at day 49 in the Experiment I. The study concluded that in ovo injection of inorganic salts of Zn at 80 µg.egg−1 and/or Cu at 16 µg. egg−1 could be adopted to increase feed intake with: attendant enhanced growth, enhanced immune response, increased albumin and total protein contents of blood serum in the strains of broiler chickens used.
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Mu H, Yang C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Wang P, Yan B, Zhang Q, Wei C, Gao H. Dietary β-Hydroxy- β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Affects Growth Performance, Digestion, TOR Pathway, and Muscle Quality in Kuruma Shrimp ( Marsupenaeus japonicas) Fed a Low Protein Diet. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:9889533. [PMID: 36860981 PMCID: PMC9973151 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9889533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on growth performance and muscle quality of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicas) (initial weight: 2.00 ± 0.01 g) fed a low protein diet. The positive control diet (HP) with 490 g/kg protein and negative control diet (LP) with 440 g/kg protein were formulated. Based on the LP, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium were supplemented to design the other five diets named as HMB0.25, HMB0.5, HMB1, HMB2 and HMB4, respectively. Results showed that compared with the shrimp fed LP, the HP, HMB1 and HMB2 groups had significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate, while significantly lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, intestinal trypsin activity was significantly elevated in the above three groups than that of the LP group. Higher dietary protein level and HMB inclusion upregulated the expressions of target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and serine/threonine-protein kinase in shrimp muscle, accompanied by the increases in most muscle free amino acids contents. Supplementation of 2 g/kg HMB in a low protein diet improved muscle hardness and water holding capacity of shrimp. Total collagen content in shrimp muscle increased with increasing dietary HMB inclusion. Additionally, dietary inclusion of 2 g/kg HMB significantly elevated myofiber density and sarcomere length, while reduced myofiber diameter. In conclusion, supplementation of 1-2 g/kg HMB in a low protein diet improved the growth performance and muscle quality of kuruma shrimp, which may be ascribed to the increased trypsin activity and activated TOR pathway, as well as elevated muscle collagen content and changed myofiber morphology caused by dietary HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chenbin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Binlun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qingqi Zhang
- Ganyu Jiaxin Fishery Technical Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222100, China
| | - Chaoqing Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
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Konieczka P, Tykałowski B, Ognik K, Kinsner M, Szkopek D, Wójcik M, Mikulski D, Jankowski J. Increased arginine, lysine, and methionine levels can improve the performance, gut integrity and immune status of turkeys but the effect is interactive and depends on challenge conditions. Vet Res 2022; 53:59. [PMID: 35883183 PMCID: PMC9327309 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and methionine (Met) can be used to support the health status of turkeys. The present study investigated selected performance, gut integrity, and immunological parameters in turkeys reared in optimal or challenge conditions. The experiment lasted for 28 days, and it had a completely randomized 2 × 3 factorial design with two levels of dietary Arg, Lys and Met (high or low) and challenge with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or no challenge (placebo). Increased dietary levels of Arg, Lys and Met had a beneficial effect on turkey performance and immunological parameters, and it improved selected indicators responsible for maintaining gut integrity in different challenge conditions. Under optimal conditions (with no challenge), high ArgLysMet diets did not compromise bird performance and they improved selected performance parameters in challenged birds. The immune system of turkeys was not excessively stimulated by high ArgLysMet diets, which did not disrupt the redox balance and had no negative effect on gut integrity. High ArgLysMet diets increased the expression levels of selected genes encoding nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins. However, the influence exerted by different dietary inclusion levels of Arg, Lys and Met on gut integrity was largely determined by the stressor (C. perfringens vs. LPS). Further studies are required to investigate the role of Arg, Lys and Met levels in the diet on the immune response, gut function and performance of turkeys in different challenge conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland. .,Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Tykałowski
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10‑719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Misza Kinsner
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkopek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Maciej Wójcik
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dariusz Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Nutritional stimulation by in-ovo feeding modulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in the small intestinal epithelium of chicks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:91-101. [PMID: 34977379 PMCID: PMC8669250 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding (IOF). We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells. Broiler embryos (n = 128) were subject to IOF of glutamine (IOF-Gln), leucine (IOF-Leu), NaCl (IOF-NaCl) or no injection (control) at embryonic d 17 (E 17). Multipotent, progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch (D 7) in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and histochemical goblet cell staining. The effects of IOF treatments at E 19 (48 h post-IOF), in comparison to control embryos, were as follows: total cell counts increased by 40%, 33% and 19%, and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%, 50% and 38%, in IOF-Gln, IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos, respectively. Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance, 36% increase in progenitor cell counts. All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms. The differentiated, PepT1+ region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos, respectively, while goblet cell densities decreased by 20% in IOF-Gln embryos. Post–hatch, crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks, compared to control chicks (P < 0.05). We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.
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Intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine promotes intestinal maturation and enteroendocrine stimulation in chick embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2645. [PMID: 35173228 PMCID: PMC8850624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial nutritional stimulation is a key driving force for small intestinal maturation. In chick embryos, administration of l-glutamine (Gln) into the amniotic fluid stimulates early development of the small intestinal epithelium by promoting enterocyte differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intra-amniotic administration of Gln on enterocyte morphology and function, and elucidated a potential enteroendocrine pathway through which Gln stimulates small intestinal maturation. Our results show that Gln stimulation at embryonic day 17 significantly increased enterocyte and microvilli dimensions by 10 and 20%, respectively, within 48 h. Post-hatch, enterocytes and microvilli were 20% longer in Gln-treated chicks. Correspondingly, Gln stimulation significantly upregulated mRNA expression of brush border nutrient transporters PepT-1 and SGLT-1 and tight junction proteins TJP-1 and TJP-2, before and after hatch (P < 0.05). Since GLP-2 signaling from intestinal L-cells is associated with enterocyte growth, functionality and integrity, we examined the effects of Gln stimulation on mRNA expression of key hormones and receptors within this enteroendocrine pathway and found significant increases in GLP-2R, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression before and after hatch (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings link primary nutrient stimulation in the developing small intestine with enterocyte morphological and functional maturation and enteroendocrine signaling.
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Lu P, Morawong T, Molee A, Molee W. Influences of L-Arginine In Ovo Feeding on the Hatchability, Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030392. [PMID: 35158714 PMCID: PMC8833405 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nutrition and health status of the embryo in the hatching process directly influence the hatchability and chicken performance post-hatch in poultry production. The in ovo feeding (IOF) technique provides a viable way to improve the embryonic development and chicken performance post-hatch. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was that supplementing L-arginine (Arg) into embryos could positively affect the hatchability, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. The results of this study demonstrate that IOF of Arg positively affected the antioxidant capacity of the breast muscle in the starter period, and there was no effect on the hatchability, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Overall, our findings suggest that IOF of Arg may have beneficial effects on chicken health without compromising the hatchability, subsequent growth, and meat quality. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on the hatchability, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. A total of 480 eggs were randomly divided into a non-injected control group (NC group) and a 1% Arg-injected group (Arg group). On day 18 of incubation, 0.5 mL of Arg solution was injected into the embryonic amnion in the Arg group. Upon hatching, 160 mixed-sex chickens were randomly assigned to two groups, with four replicates per group. This experiment lasted for 63 days. The results showed that the hatchability, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower (p < 0.05), and the glutathione (GSH) level was higher (p < 0.05) on day of hatching in the Arg group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity was increased (p < 0.05) on day 21 post-hatch in the Arg group compared to that in the NC group. In conclusion, IOF of Arg increased the antioxidant capacity of the breast muscle in the starter period, which may have a positive effect on health status of slow-growing chickens post-hatch.
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15
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Das R, Mishra P, Jha R. In ovo Feeding as a Tool for Improving Performance and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:754246. [PMID: 34859087 PMCID: PMC8632539 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.754246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract are of critical importance to enhance nutrients' utilization and optimize the growth of poultry. In the current production system, chicks do not have access to feed for about 48-72 h during transportation between hatchery and production farms. This lag time affects early nutrient intake, natural exposure to the microbiome, and the initiation of beneficial stimulation of the immune system of chicks. In ovo feeding can provide early nutrients and additives to embryos, stimulate gut microflora, and mitigate the adverse effects of starvation during pre-and post-hatch periods. Depending on the interests, the compounds are delivered to the embryo either around day 12 or 17 to 18 of incubation and via air sac or amnion. In ovo applications of bioactive compounds like vaccines, nutrients, antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, creatine, follistatin, L-carnitine, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, growth hormone, polyclonal antimyostatin antibody, peptide YY, and insulin-like growth factor-1 have been studied. These compounds affect hatchability, body weight at hatch, physiological functions, immune responses, gut morphology, gut microbiome, production performance, and overall health of birds. However, the route, dose, method, and time of in ovo injection and host factors can cause variation, and thereby inconsistencies in results. Studies using this method have manifested the benefits of injection of different single bioactive compounds. But for excelling in poultry production, researchers should precisely know the proper route and time of injection, optimum dose, and effective combination of different compounds. This review paper will provide an insight into current practices and available findings related to in ovo feeding on performance and health parameters of poultry, along with challenges and future perspectives of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razib Das
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Pravin Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Nutrition and Digestive Physiology of the Broiler Chick: State of the Art and Outlook. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102795. [PMID: 34679817 PMCID: PMC8532940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The first week after hatch is the most challenging period in the life of broilers. The digestive tract of the newly hatched chick is immature and must undergo dramatic changes before it can efficiently digest and absorb nutrients. The gut is the vital organ where nutrient digestion and absorption take place. Ontogenic changes that accompany improved digestion and absorption include increased secretion of digestive enzymes, increase in the gut absorptive surface area, and enhanced nutrient transporters. The obvious limiting factors are the secretion and activities of digestive enzymes, and the surface area for absorption. These limitations are overcome as the birds grow older, with concurrent improvements in nutrient utilization. In addition, substantial changes also take place in the physical and functional development of the immune system and intestinal microbial ecology. However, the focus of the current review was on nutrition-related challenges and nutritional approaches to assist the chick during this highly demanding period. Abstract Because the intestine is the primary nutrient supply organ, early development of digestive function in newly hatched chick will enable it to better utilize nutrients, grow efficiently, and achieve the genetic potential of contemporary broilers. Published data on the growth and digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal poultry were reviewed. Several potential strategies to improve digestive tract growth and function in newly hatched chick are available and the options include breeder nutrition, in ovo feeding, early access to feed and water, special pre-starter diets, judicious use of feed additives, and early programming.
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17
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Intestinal brush border assembly during the peri-hatch period and its contribution to surface area expansion. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101401. [PMID: 34464930 PMCID: PMC8408528 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvilli generate the small intestinal brush border, the main site of nutrient digestion and absorption. Mucosal structuring of the small intestine of chicken during the perihatch period has been widely researched, yet the developmental dynamics of microvilli during this period have not been fully characterized. In this study, we examined the structural and molecular characteristics of microvilli assembly and maturation during the perihatch period. Small intestines of broiler embryos and chicks were sampled at prehatch ages 17 E and 19 E, at day of hatch (DOH) and at 1, 3, 7, and 10 d posthatch. Morphological evaluations and measurements were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) (n = 3/timepoint), and expression of microvilli structural genes Plastin 1, Ezrin, and Myo1a was examined by Real-Time qPCR (n = 6/timepoint). Results revealed dissimilar patterns of microvilli and villi development during the perihatch period. From 19 E to 1 d, microvilli lengths increased 4.3-fold while villi lengths increased 2.8-fold (P < 0.0001). From 3 to 7 d, villi lengths increased by 20% (P < 0.005), while microvilli lengths decreased by 41% (P = 0.001). At 10 d, microvilli lengths stabilized, while villi continued to elongate by 26% (P < 0.0001). Estimations of the microvilli amplification factor (MAF) and total enterocyte surface area (TESA) revealed similar trends, with peak values of 78.53 and 1961.67 µm2, respectively, at 3 d. Microvilli structural gene expression portrayed diverse patterns. Expression of Plastin 1, which bundles and binds actin cores to the terminal web, increased 8.7-fold between 17 E and DOH (P = 0.005), and gradually increased up to 7 d (P = 0.045). Ezrin and Myo1a, both actin core-cell membrane cross-linkers, portrayed different expression patterns throughout the perihatch period, as Ezrin expression was relatively stable, while Myo1a expression increased 15.8-fold between 17 E and 10 d (P < 0.0001). We conclude that microvilli assembly during the perihatch period is a rapid, coordinated process, which dramatically expands the digestive and absorptive surface area of the small intestine before the completion of villi maturation.
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Martino HSD, Kolba N, Tako E. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extract improve intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane functionality and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus). Food Res Int 2020; 137:109705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Goes EC, Cardoso Dal Pont G, Oliveira PR, da Rocha C, Maiorka A. Effects of putrescine injection in broiler breeder eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:294-304. [PMID: 32954521 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of putrescine injected in ovo on hatchability, intestinal morphology and pre-starter performance of broilers. For this purpose, 720 eggs from broiler breeders were separated into a negative control (no injection) and injection treatments with increasing doses of putrescine (0.05; 0.1; 0.15 and 0.2%), totalling five treatments of 144 eggs each. Eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design inside the setter and the injection of solutions occurred at 17 days of incubation. After hatch, 330 birds were housed in mixed lots following the original treatments, totalling 5 treatments of 6 replicates with 11 birds each. Six birds per treatment were weighed and euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect the liver, intestine and breast 24 hr after injection, at hatch and 24 hr after hatch. At 2 days of age, intestines were collected from 4 animals per treatment to analyse histomorphology. The effects of putrescine levels were evaluated by polynomial regression models, ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. The hatchability decreased linearly in response to increased doses of putrescine. The percentage of residual yolk was lower in animals that received putrescine compared to the control. After injection, the percentage of breast increased linearly, and the percentage of intestine had a quadratic response to increased doses of putrescine. However, 24 hr after hatch, the percentage of intestine linearly decreased, and the percentage of liver linearly increased in response to increased doses of putrescine. Villus height increased quadratically, crypt depth decreased linearly, and goblet cells increased linearly in response to the putrescine dose. FI and BWG were not affected in the pre-starter phase; however, FCR increased in response to increased levels of putrescine. Due to putrescine effects on embryos, it is recommended that the doses injected in ovo not exceed 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chayane da Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alex Maiorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
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El-Deep MH, Amber KA, Elgendy S, Dawood MAO, Zidan A. In ovo injection of nano-selenium spheres mitigates the hatchability, histopathology image and immune response of hatched chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1392-1400. [PMID: 32343020 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In ovo injection of nano-selenium (Se) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB-nano-Se) was investigated on the hatchability, immune responses and the histopathological alterations in hatched chicks. The eggs (18 day age) were injected with 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl (normal saline, NS), while the control group was kept without injection. In the third, fourth and fifth groups, the eggs were injected with 0.5 ml of NS and LAB-nano-Se at 10, 20 and 30 μg/egg. The results revealed improved growth performance in groups injected with LAB-nano-Se when compared to the control treatment. The highest final weight and weight gain were noticed in 20 μg LAB-nano-Se/egg group (p < .05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced in all treated groups when compared to the control group (p < .05). Groups injected with LAB-nano-Se showed enhanced hatchability of the whole incubated eggs (p < .05). Total lipids and cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in groups treated with LAB-nano-Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg when compared to the non-treated group. At the same time, globulin was increased by LAB-nano-Se in ovo injection. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase increased in groups treated with LAB-nano-Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg with insignificant (p > .05) differences with those treated with LAB-nano-Se at 30 μg/egg using in ovo injection technique. Also, higher total blood protein and phagocytosis were significantly observed in groups treated with at 10, 20 and 30 μg LAB-nano-Se/egg. The histopathological images of hatched chicks revealed that nano-Se presented normal effects on liver and kidney tissues and restored the parameters as mentioned earlier. To conclude, LAB-nano-Se exhibited beneficial effects in hatched chicks through improving immune and antioxidant activities as well as histopathological effects by using in ovo technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khairy A Amber
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Salwa Elgendy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Zidan
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Influence of in ovo arginine feeding on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of FUNAAB-Alpha chickens in two housing types. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2349-2357. [PMID: 32166502 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for animal protein in Nigeria is so high that introduction of new management techniques to improve poultry production is relevant. This study investigated the effects of in ovo administration of arginine on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of FUNAAB-Alpha chickens in two housing types. A total of 528 hatching eggs of FUNAAB-Alpha chickens were used for the study for 11 weeks. Hatching eggs were sorted, balanced for weight and fumigated before setting in the incubator. On the 14th day of incubation 378 eggs were confirmed fertile and they were redistributed into 3 treatment groups (0, 11 and 22 mg of arginine/egg) each consisting 126 eggs, replicated 14 times (9 eggs per replicate). At the 18th day of incubation, in ovo injection of arginine was carried out and at the 21st day of incubation, resulting chicks were balanced for weight, assigned to treatments and assessed for post-hatch performance. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised design. In the results, hatchability was 92.86% (control), 88.39% (injection with 11 mg of arginine) and 91.07% in birds resulting from in ovo injection of 22 mg of arginine. In ovo injection of 11 and 22 mg of arginine improved the development of duodenal villi in the birds. In ovo injection of 22 and 11 mg of arginine enhanced CMIR after 24 (0.300 mm) and 48 h (0.223 mm) of injecting phytohaemagglutinin type P (PHA-P) antigen. Birds on outdoor run had higher (0.282, 0.224 mm) CMIR after 24 and 48 h of injecting PHA-P relative to those raised in deep litter housing. Birds from in ovo injection of 22 mg of arginine had a significantly lowered daily feed intake (68.38 g/bird) relative to other treatments. Deep litter housing significantly (p < 0.05) improved daily weight gain (25.02 g/bird) of birds as against outdoor run (22.62 g/bird). It was concluded that in ovo injection of 11 or 22 mg of arginine numerically improved hatchability and cell-mediated immune response with enhanced duodenal villi development, while in ovo injection of 22 mg of arginine and raising resulting birds on outdoor run is suitable for achieving significantly lower feed intake with better feed conversion ratio in FUNAAB-Alpha chickens.
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Dai D, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Wang J. Dynamic alterations in early intestinal development, microbiota and metabolome induced by in ovo feeding of L-arginine in a layer chick model. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:19. [PMID: 32175081 PMCID: PMC7063725 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth, and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health. In the present study, we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on growth, intestinal development, intestinal microbiota and metabolism. The treatments included the non-injected control, saline-injected control, and saline containing 2, 6, or 10 mg Arg groups. Results IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height, and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid, contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks. Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbial α-diversity, the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales, and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks. Furthermore, the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg. Simultaneously, metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose, taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg. Conclusions Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development, cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks, contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance. These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks, and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition, early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
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Ma YB, Zhang FD, Wang J, Wu SG, Qi GH, Zhang HJ. Effect of in ovo feeding of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on hatchability, muscle growth and performance in prenatal and posthatch broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:755-763. [PMID: 31605375 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is the metabolite of leucine that plays an important role in muscle protein metabolism. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of HMB at 7 days of incubation (DOI) via air cell or 18 DOI via amnion on hatchability, muscle growth and performance in prenatal and posthatch broilers. RESULTS IOF of HMB via air cell at 7 DOI increased hatchability by 4.34% compared with the control (89.67% versus 85.33%). Birds in IOF groups exhibited higher body weight, average daily body weight gain and pectoral muscle percentage. Furthermore, IOF of HMB significantly increased the level of plasma growth hormone, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1. Chicks hatched from IOF treatment had larger diameters of muscle fiber and higher mitotic activity of satellite cells at early posthatch age. IOF of HMB activated satellite cells by upregulation of mRNA expression of myogenic transcription factors, myogenic differentiation one (MyoD) and myogenin. Chicks hatched from air cell injection group had higher pectoral muscle percentage at 5 d posthatch and greater satellite cell mitotic activity at 7 d posthatch than counterparts from amnion injection group. CONCLUSIONS IOF of HMB via amnion at 18 DOI or especially via air cell at 7 DOI could be used as an effective approach to enhance hatchability, productive performance and breast muscle yield in broilers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Biao Ma
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Dong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Nazem MN, Amiri N, Tasharrofi S. Effect of in ovo feeding of amino acids and dextrose solutions on hatchability, body weight, intestinal development and liver glycogen reserves in newborn chicks. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:323-331. [PMID: 32206228 PMCID: PMC7065581 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.69536.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early development of the digestive tract is crucial for achieving maximal growth and development of chickens. This study examined the effects of in ovo (IO) feeding of 0.70 mL of dextrose (10.00% and 20.00%) or amino acids solutions into the yolk sac at day 14 of incubation on small intestine histomorphometry and histomorphology, intestinal development, hatchability, body weight, and liver glycogen reserves in newborn chicks. Results showed body weight in amino acid fed hatchlings was higher than control and dextrose groups non-significantly, but hatchability was lower in amino acid group than others. Also, diameter of glycogen vacuoles in all IO treatment groups was more than control. Administration of exogenous dextrose and amino acids solutions into the yolk sac enhanced intestinal development by increasing the size and surface area of the villi and changed villi shape as well. It seems that dextrose or amino acids solutions could improve the intestinal villi development, while they did not affect finger-like villi in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naser Nazem
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Negin Amiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shima Tasharrofi
- Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran
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Omidi S, Ebrahimi M, Janmohammadi H, Moghaddam G, Rajabi Z, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B. The impact of in ovo injection of l-arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:178-185. [PMID: 31587369 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%-0.5% l-arginine (100 eggs), 2%-1% l-arginine (100 eggs), 3- control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50 eggs) and control (no injection; 50 eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% l-arginine, 1% l-arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30 days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30 days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of l-arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (p > .05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of l-arginine increased caecal Lactobacillus (p < .01), while decreasing Coliform and Escherichia Coli bacteria (p < .01). However, treatments did not influence caecal Enterococcus (p > .05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% l-arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Omidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zolfaghar Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Kop-Bozbay C, Ocak N. In ovo injection of branched-chain amino acids: Embryonic development, hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1135-1142. [PMID: 31050076 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of a branched-chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l-leucine:1 l-valine:2 l-isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk-sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching, together with hatchability, poult quality and liver L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values at hatch. At day 22 of incubation, embryonated eggs (n = 240) were assigned to three treatments, that is, eggs were not injected (control, NC) or injected with 1.5 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (SA) or 0.2% BCAA blend (BCAAb). These solutions were injected manually into the amniotic fluid of the embryonated eggs. To determine weights and lengths (where appropriate) of the studied organs and tissues, four embryonated eggs and poults per treatment were selected at 24E and at hatch. While the BCAAb decreased the YS and embryo weight, hatchability and the liver L* value, it increased the weight and quality of poults and the weights of breast and thigh muscles at hatch. In conclusion, the in ovo feeding of the BCAA blend negatively affected hatchability but positively affected hatching weight and poult quality by improving development of skeletal muscles and by regulating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kop-Bozbay
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuh Ocak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, Xu QQ, Xie C, Dong XY, Zou XT. Effects of in ovo injection of sulfur-containing amino acids on heat shock protein 70, corticosterone hormone, antioxidant indices, and lipid profile of newly hatched broiler chicks exposed to heat stress during incubation. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2290-2298. [PMID: 30668792 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study hypothesizes that in ovo sulfur amino acids (SAA) injection can alleviate the heat or oxidative stress of hatched chicks. Thus, the study aimed to assess the impact of in ovo injection of SAA with heat stress during the incubation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), corticosterone hormone, antioxidant indices, and lipid profile of newly hatched broiler chicks. Eggs were incubated under optimal incubation temperature (37.8°C) from days 1 to 10 then under high temperature (39.6°C for 6 h daily) between 10 and 18 D of the incubation. At day 17.5 of incubation, 150 eggs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 50 replicate eggs. The first group served as control (non-injected group, NIG), the second group was only injected with saline solution (saline-injected group, SIG), and the third group was injected with a mixture of 5.90 mg L-methionine plus 3.40 mg L-cysteine (sulfur amino acids-injected group, SAAIG). The results exhibited that serum HSP70 and corticosterone concentrations were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in the SAAIG compared with the NIG and SIG. In ovo SAA injection significantly augmented the antioxidant indices in the serum and tissues compared with the NIG and SIG. HSP70 mRNA relative expression was decreased but glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) mRNA relative expression was augmented in the tested tissues (P < 0.001) in the SAAIG compared with the NIG. The SAAIG had significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels in serum lipid profile compared to those of the control and SIG. In conclusion, in ovo SAA injection (methionine plus cysteine) in the embryonated eggs exposed to heat stress increased GSH-Px gene expression and antioxidant indices, and reduced HSP70 gene expression, corticosterone concentrations, and lipid profile of newly hatched broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Elnesr
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - H A M Elwan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Q Q Xu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - C Xie
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - X Y Dong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - X T Zou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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Moran ET. Clutch formation and nest activities by the setting hen synchronize chick emergence with intestinal development to foster viability. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ale Saheb Fosoul SS, Azarfar A, Gheisari A, Khosravinia H. Performance and physiological responses of broiler chickens to supplemental guanidinoacetic acid in arginine-deficient diets. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:161-168. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1562156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Ale Saheb Fosoul
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - A. Azarfar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - A. Gheisari
- Animal Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H. Khosravinia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
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Rufino JPF, Cruz FGG, Costa VR, Silva AF, Melo LD, Bezerra NS. Effect of In Ovo Feeding of L-Glutamine to Chick Embryos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - FGG Cruz
- Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil
| | - VR Costa
- Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil
| | - AF Silva
- Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil
| | - LD Melo
- Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil
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Hou T, Tako E. The In Ovo Feeding Administration (Gallus Gallus)-An Emerging In Vivo Approach to Assess Bioactive Compounds with Potential Nutritional Benefits. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040418. [PMID: 29597266 PMCID: PMC5946203 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the in ovo feeding in fertilized broiler (Gallus gallus) eggs approach was further developed and currently is widely applied in the evaluation process of the effects of functional foods (primarily plant origin compounds) on the functionality of the intestinal brush border membrane, as well as potential prebiotic properties and interactions with the intestinal microbial populations. This review collates the information of potential nutrients and their effects on the mineral absorption, gut development, brush border membrane functionality, and immune system. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the in ovo feeding method in the assessment of potential prebiotic effects of plant origin compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, HuaZhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Effects of in ovo feeding of l-arginine on breast muscle growth and protein deposition in post-hatch broilers. Animal 2018; 12:2256-2263. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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34
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Zhang X, Li L, Miao L, Zhang N, Zou X. Effects of in ovo feeding of cationic amino acids on hatchability, hatch weights, and organ developments in domestic pigeon squabs (Columba livia). Poult Sci 2018; 97:110-117. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Gao T, Zhao M, Zhang L, Li J, Yu L, Lv P, Gao F, Zhou G. Effect of in ovo feeding of l-arginine on the hatchability, growth performance, gastrointestinal hormones, and jejunal digestive and absorptive capacity of posthatch broilers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3079-3092. [PMID: 28727112 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of Arg solution on the hatchability, growth performance, gastrointestinal hormones, serum AA, activities of digestive enzymes, and mRNA expressions of sensing receptors and nutrient transporters in the jejunum of posthatch broilers. One thousand two hundred embryonated eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to 5 groups consisting of 8 replicates of 40 eggs each. The 5 treatments were arranged as a noninjected control, a diluent-injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group, and Arg solution-injected groups with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% Arg, all dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 d of incubation, 0.6 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amniotic fluid of each egg of the injected groups. Results showed the hatchability of the 2% Arg group was lower (linear, = 0.025) than that of the other groups, and the BW of 21-d-old broilers increased (linear, = 0.008; quadratic, = 0.003) with increasing IOF concentration of Arg. The ADFI (linear, = 0.005; quadratic, = 0.001) and ADG (linear, = 0.010; quadratic, = 0.004) increased during d 1 to 21 with increasing IOF concentration of Arg. For 7- and 21-d-old broilers, the weights of digestive organs increased (linear, < 0.05) with increasing IOF concentrations of Arg; the greatest values were observed in the 1% Arg group. For 21-d-old broilers, IOF of the 1% Arg solution increased ( < 0.05) the concentrations of ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 2; the activities of digestive enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, maltase, and sucrase in the jejunum; and the concentrations of serum AA of Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Arg, and Pro compared with those of the noninjected control and diluent-injected group. In ovo feeding of the 1% Arg solution also increased ( < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of jejunal sensing receptors of taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3; the G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 6, subtype A; nutrient transporters of solute carrier family 7, members 4, 6, and 7; sodium-glucose transporter 1; and fatty acid-binding protein 1. In conclusion, the 1% Arg solution was the appropriate injection level. In ovo feeding of the 1% Arg solution did not affect the hatchability but facilitated the release of gastrointestinal hormones, increasing the digestive and absorptive capacity and finally improving the growth performance of 21-d-old broilers. Therefore, IOF of the appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in the poultry industry.
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Kucharska-Gaca J, Kowalska E, Dębowska M. In ovo Feeding – Technology of the Future – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the years, due to genetic selection, improvement of the characteristics of laying and meat poultry with less feed consumption per kilogram of body weight gain has been achieved (FCR). As the productivity of poultry increased, the demand of embryos for nutrients changed. However, the chemical composition of an egg has remained practically unchanged, and therefore, it began providing the embryos with suitable substances with the help of in ovo technology. Improvements in hatching were achieved through the administration of fructose, sucrose and grape seed extract (GSE), while the weight of a one-day-old chick is affected by the injection of amino acids with glucose and magnesium. In addition, amino acids and carbohydrates applied to an egg have contributed to an increase in the activity of digestive enzymes and maturation of the intestine. In connection with early stimulation of the intestinal tract of broiler chicks, they obtained higher weight gain. Supplementation with vitamins positively affects the increase of birds’ immunity and body weight at the end of breeding. On the other hand, the injection of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) influenced the growth and development of muscle tissue during the first weeks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kucharska-Gaca
- Department of Poultry Breeding and Animal Products Evaluation, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology , UTP University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Emilia Kowalska
- Department of Poultry Breeding and Animal Products Evaluation, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology , UTP University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Michalina Dębowska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology , UTP University of Science and Technology , Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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Gao T, Zhao MM, Li YJ, Zhang L, Li JL, Yu LL, Gao F, Zhou GH. Effects of in ovo feeding of L-arginine on the development of digestive organs, intestinal function and post-hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e166-e175. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - M. M. Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Y. J. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - J. L. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - L. L. Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - F. Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - G. H. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing; Quality and Safety Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
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Abousaad S, Lassiter K, Piekarski A, Chary P, Striplin K, Christensen K, Bielke L, Hargis B, Dridi S, Bottje W. Effect of in ovo feeding of dextrin-iodinated casein in broilers: II. Hatch window and growth performance. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1478-1484. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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39
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Abousaad S, Lassiter K, Piekarski A, Chary P, Striplin K, Christensen K, Bielke L, Hargis B, Bottje W, Dridi S. Effects of In Ovo feeding of dextrin-iodinated casein in broilers: I. Hatch weights and early growth performance. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1473-1477. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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40
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Oso A, Williams G, Oluwatosin O, Bamgbose A, Adebayo A, Olowofeso O, Pirgozliev V, Adegbenjo A, Osho S, Alabi J, Li F, Liu H, Yao K, Xin W. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, metabolizable energy, and intestinal morphology of growing turkeys fed diet supplemented with arginine. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Kermanshahi H, Golian A, Khodambashi Emami N, Daneshmand A, Ghofrani Tabari D, Ibrahim SA. Effects of in ovo injection of threonine on hatchability, intestinal morphology, and somatic attributes in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Khodambashi Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Daneshmand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Damoon Ghofrani Tabari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Xiao X, Yuan D, Wang YX, Zhan XA. The Protective Effects of Different Sources of Maternal Selenium on Oxidative Stressed Chick Embryo Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:201-208. [PMID: 26554950 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effects of different sources of maternal selenium (Se) on oxidative stressed chick embryo. A total of 270 Lingnan Yellow broiler breeders were randomly allocated into three treatments with five replicates for 18 birds each. Breeders were fed with basal diet (BD) including 0.04 mg/kg Se or BD supplemented with sodium selenite (SS) or selenomethionine (SM) at a level of 0.15 mg Se/kg. The rearing experiment lasted for 8 weeks after an 8-week pre-test. Twenty eggs were collected from each replicate during the last 10-day, then incubated in a commercial incubator. On embryonic 17th, fertile eggs were transferred into 39.5 °C temperature stimulation for 6 h. Afterward, five eggs were randomly selected from each replicate for collecting chick embryo sample. The results showed that Se supplementation in the diet of breeders resulted in lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations and higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in heat stress treated chick embryo (P < 0.05), and ROS, MDA, carbonyl, 8-OHdG concentrations in SM treatment were lower than those in SS treatment (P < 0.05). Se supplementation elevated cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) mRNA level and activity, cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) activity and selenoprotein P (SelP) mRNA and protein level (P < 0.05), and maternal SM showed a higher value than maternal SS in upregulating GPx1, TrxR1, and SelP mRNA levels as well as GPx1 and TrxR1 activities or SelP protein level (P < 0.05). This study indicated that maternal Se can enhance antioxidative capacity and reduce ROS concentration and oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of antioxidative selenoprotein, and maternal SM is superior to SS in heat stress treated chick embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A and F University, Linan, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-An Zhan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Tahmasebi S, Toghyani M. Effect of arginine and threonine administered in ovo on digestive organ developments and subsequent growth performance of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:947-56. [PMID: 26608576 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg), threonine (Thr) and Arg + Thr administered in ovo on growth performance, digestive organs and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. On day 14 of incubation, 400 fertile eggs were randomly allotted to five experimental treatments through injection in the amniotic fluid including: (i) control (none injected), (ii) sham (0.5 ml of 0.5% saline), (iii) Arg (35 mg/egg), (iv) Thr (25 mg/egg) and (v) Arg + Thr (35 + 25 mg/egg). After hatching, chicks were given a commercial corn-soya bean diet up to 42 days of age. Daily feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) of chicks were measured during different periods of the trial. Digestive organs were measured for their relative weight and intestinal length on days 11 and 42 of age. Intestinal morphometric traits were evaluated on day 11 of the experiment. Supplementing amino acids affected the performance of broiler chicks as Thr significantly increased FI and BW across starter, grower and finisher periods compared with sham and control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Arg + Thr injection increased jejunal weight compared with control on day 42 (p < 0.05). Moreover, Arg inclusion led to the greatest villus height and crypt depth among treatments in duodenum (p > 0.05); however, amino acid supplemented groups had lower villus height than control in jejunum (p < 0.05). Negative correlations found between digestive organs related to day 11 of age containing pancreas (r = -0.484; p = 0.030), duodenal (r = -0.577; p = 0.007) as well as ileal lengths (r = -0.471; p = 0.035) and FI of entire period. Otherwise, positive relationships were observed between duodenum (r = 0.580; p = 0.007) and ileum (r = 0.582; p = 0.007) weights on day 42 and FI of chickens across the entire phase. In conclusion, Arg and particularly Thr injection into amnion can improve FI and post-hatch growth performance of chickens which may be mediated by the development of digestive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tahmasebi
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Oliveira T, Bertechini A, Bricka R, Kim E, Gerard P, Peebles E. Effects of in ovo injection of organic zinc, manganese, and copper on the hatchability and bone parameters of broiler hatchlings. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2488-94. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Khosravinia H. Physiological adaptive indicators in fasted neonate broiler chicks in response to calcium gluconate injection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:506-12. [PMID: 26344414 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Four hundred and eighty mixed-sex broiler chicks aged 3 h after hatching were allotted according to a completely random design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial schedule into two groups of 12 replications of 20 chicks each. The main experimental factors were fasting for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after chick placement and calcium gluconate (Ca-glu) injection (0 and 0.6 ml). Live body weight (BW) of chicks decreased linearly (Y = 43.36-0.109BW0 h , r(2) = 0.876) as neonatal fasting extended. Injection of 0.6 ml Ca-glu at 3 h post-hatching did not affect weight loss of chicks. Yolk residuals (YR) utilized linearly (Y = 5.75-0.062YR, r(2) = 0.956) by 0.062 g/h in neonate fasted chicks up to 48 h, showing no effect of Ca-glu injection. Neonatal fasting periods longer than 12 h increased liver weight (p < 0.05). The mean absolute and proportional (% of BW0 h ) breast and leg weight were reduced linearly as neonatal fasting extended (p < 0.05). Serum glucose concentration increased up to 6 h and then reduced linearly to 150 mg/dl after 48-h fasting. The Ca-glu treatment influenced serum glucose level for a short period up to 6 h of fasting. Serum Ca concentration sharply increased up to threefolds in the birds received Ca-glu injection resulting in acute hypercalcemia, then decreased to the initial level after 24-h feed withdrawal (p < 0.05). The mean serum level for creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, HDL, albumins and total proteins significantly increased during the fasting periods of 6 to 48 h and significantly elevated in the birds receiving 0.6-ml Ca-glu injection compared with the non-treated chicks (p < 0.05). It was concluded that subcutaneous administration of 0.6 ml Ca-glu in the chick's neck did not suitably support the increased metabolic demands for glucose and calcium in feed-deprived neonate chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khosravinia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68137-17133, Iran
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Cherian G. Nutrition and metabolism in poultry: role of lipids in early diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:28. [PMID: 26137219 PMCID: PMC4487977 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern strains of broiler chickens are selected for fast growth and are marketed anywhere from 36 to 49 days after a 21-day incubational period. For a viable healthy chick, all the necessary nutrients required for growth and development must be provided by the hen through the fertilized egg. The current feeding strategies for improved growth, health and productivity are targeted towards chicks after hatching. Considering the fact that developing chick embryo spends over 30 % of its total life span inside the hatching egg relying on nutrients deposited by the breeder hen, investigations on nutritional needs during pre-hatch period will improve embryonic health, hatchability and chick viability. In this context, investigations on hatching egg lipid quality is of utmost importance because, during incubation, egg fat is the major source of energy and sole source of essential omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids to the chick embryo. Due to the unique roles of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in growth, immune health, and development of central nervous system, this review will focus on the role of early exposure to essential fatty acids through maternal diet and hatching egg and its impact on progeny in meat-type broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Cherian
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, 112 Withycombe Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
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Lilburn MS, Loeffler S. Early intestinal growth and development in poultry. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1569-76. [PMID: 25910905 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are many accepted "facts" within the field of poultry science that are in truth still open for discussion, there is little debate with respect to the tremendous genetic progress that has been made with commercial broilers and turkeys (Havenstein et al., 2003, 2007). When one considers the changes in carcass development in poultry meat strains, these genetic "improvements" have not always been accompanied by correlated changes in other physiological systems and this can predispose some birds to developmental anomalies (i.e. ascites; Pavlidis et al., 2007; Wideman et al., 2013). Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in intestinal growth/health as poultry nutritionists have attempted to adopt new approaches to deal with the broader changes in the overall nutrition landscape. This landscape includes not only the aforementioned genetic changes but also a raft of governmental policies that have focused attention on the environment (phosphorus and nitrogen excretion), consumer pressure on the use of antibiotics, and renewable biofuels with its consequent effects on ingredient costs. Intestinal morphology has become a common research tool for assessing nutritional effects on the intestine but it is only one metric among many that can be used and histological results can often be interpreted in a variety of ways. This study will address the broader body of research on intestinal growth and development in commercial poultry and will attempt to integrate the topics of the intestinal: microbial interface and the role of the intestine as an immune tissue under the broad umbrella of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lilburn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - S Loeffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
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Li Y, Wang Y, Willems E, Willemsen H, Franssens L, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. In ovo L-arginine supplementation stimulates myoblast differentiation but negatively affects muscle development of broiler chicken after hatching. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:167-77. [PMID: 25846259 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (L-Arg) enhances nitric oxide (NO) production, stimulates the process of myogenesis, and regulates post-hatching muscle growth. Different doses of L-Arg were injected into the amnion of chicken embryos at embryonic day (ED) 16. After hatching, the body weight of individual male chickens was recorded weekly for 3 weeks. During in vitro experiments, myoblasts of the pectoralis major (PM) were extracted at ED16 and were incubated in medium containing 0.01 mm L-Arg, 0.05 mm L-Arg, and (or) 0.05 mm L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). When 25 mg/kg L-Arg/initial egg weight was injected, no difference was observed in body weight at hatch, but a significant decrease was found during the following 3 weeks compared to that of the non-injected and saline-injected control, and this also affected the growth of muscle mass. L-NAME inhibited gene expression of myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), myogenin, NOS, and follistatin, decreased the cell viability, and increased myostatin (MSTN) gene expression. 0.05 mm L-Arg stimulated myogenin gene expression but also depressed muscle cell viability. L-NAME blocked the effect of 0.05 mm L-Arg on myogenin mRNA levels when co-incubated with 0.05 mm L-Arg. L-Arg treatments had no significant influence on NOS mRNA gene expression, but had inhibiting effect on follistatin gene expression, while L-NAME treatments had effects on both. These results suggested that L-Arg stimulated myoblast differentiation, but the limited number of myoblasts would form less myotubes and then less myofibers, while the latter limited the growth of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Willems
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Willemsen
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Franssens
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Decuypere
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jang SI, Jeong M, Kim DK, Xu S, Lee SK, Kim JB, Park HJ, Kim HR, Bravo DM. Immune and anti-oxidant effects of in ovo selenium proteinate on post-hatch experimental avian necrotic enteritis. Vet Parasitol 2014; 206:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Szcześniak KA, Ostaszewski P, Fuller JC, Ciecierska A, Sadkowski T. Dietary supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in animals - a review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:405-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Szcześniak
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW; Warsaw Poland
| | - P. Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW; Warsaw Poland
| | - J. C. Fuller
- Metabolic Technologies, Inc.; Iowa State University Research Park; Ames IA USA
| | - A. Ciecierska
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW; Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW; Warsaw Poland
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