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Klössel S, Zhu Y, Amado L, Bisinski DD, Ruta J, Liu F, González Montoro A. Yeast TLDc domain proteins regulate assembly state and subcellular localization of the V-ATPase. EMBO J 2024; 43:1870-1897. [PMID: 38589611 PMCID: PMC11066047 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast vacuoles perform crucial cellular functions as acidic degradative organelles, storage compartments, and signaling hubs. These functions are mediated by important protein complexes, including the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), responsible for organelle acidification. To gain a more detailed understanding of vacuole function, we performed cross-linking mass spectrometry on isolated vacuoles, detecting many known as well as novel protein-protein interactions. Among these, we identified the uncharacterized TLDc-domain-containing protein Rtc5 as a novel interactor of the V-ATPase. We further analyzed the influence of Rtc5 and of Oxr1, the only other yeast TLDc-domain-containing protein, on V-ATPase function. We find that both Rtc5 and Oxr1 promote the disassembly of the vacuolar V-ATPase in vivo, counteracting the role of the RAVE complex, a V-ATPase assembly chaperone. Furthermore, Oxr1 is necessary for the retention of a Golgi-specific subunit of the V-ATPase in this compartment. Collectively, our results shed light on the in vivo roles of yeast TLDc-domain proteins as regulators of the V-ATPase, highlighting the multifaceted regulation of this crucial protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Klössel
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz - Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Lucia Amado
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Daniel D Bisinski
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Ruta
- Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz - Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz - Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayelén González Montoro
- Osnabrück University, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Osnabrück University, Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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2
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Páli T, Feniouk B, Wilkens S. Editorial: Functions, working mechanisms, and regulation of rotary ATPases and Ductin proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1399421. [PMID: 38606286 PMCID: PMC11007226 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1399421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Páli
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boris Feniouk
- A.N. Belozersky Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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3
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S, Rajput VD, Ranjan A, Arora J, Dudnikova T, Barbashev A, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Wong MH. Transfer and Degradation of PAHs in the Soil-Plant System: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:46-64. [PMID: 38108272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health. Consistent monitoring is essential to minimize the entry of PAHs into plants and reduce food chain contamination. PAHs infiltrate plants through multiple pathways, causing detrimental effects and triggering diverse plant responses, ultimately increasing either toxicity or tolerance. Primary plant detoxification processes include enzymatic transformation, conjugation, and accumulation of contaminants in cell walls/vacuoles. Plants also play a crucial role in stimulating microbial PAHs degradation by producing root exudates, enhancing bioavailability, supplying nutrients, and promoting soil microbial diversity and activity. Thus, synergistic plant-microbe interactions efficiently decrease PAHs uptake by plants and, thereby, their accumulation along the food chain. This review highlights PAHs uptake pathways and their overall fate as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Understanding plant uptake mechanisms, responses to contaminants, and interactions with rhizosphere microbiota is vital for addressing PAH pollution in soil and ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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5
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Nakanishi-Matsui M, Matsumoto N, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y. Role of the Cytosolic Domain of the a3 Subunit of V-ATPase in the Interaction with Rab7 and Secretory Lysosome Trafficking in Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:339-344. [PMID: 38296463 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that the a3 subunit of proton-pumping vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) interacts with Rab7 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Mon1a-Ccz1, and recruits them to secretory lysosomes in osteoclasts, which is essential for anterograde trafficking of secretory lysosomes. The a3 subunit interacts with Mon1a-Ccz1 through its cytosolic N-terminal domain. Here, we examined the roles of this domain in the interaction with Rab7 and trafficking of secretory lysosomes. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that a3 interacted with Rab7 through its cytosolic domain, similar to the interaction with Mon1a-Ccz1. We connected this domain with a lysosome localization signal and expressed it in a3-knockout (a3KO) osteoclasts. Although the signal connected to the cytosolic domain was mainly detected in lysosomes, impaired lysosome trafficking in a3KO osteoclasts was not rescued. These results indicate that the cytosolic domain of a3 can interact with trafficking regulators, but is insufficient to induce secretory lysosome trafficking. The C-terminal domain of a3 and other subunits of V-ATPase are likely required to form a fully functional complex for secretory lysosome trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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Liang H, Gu B, Sun W, Li B, Qu H, Tao D, Zhang Q, Wang T, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang Q. Mechanistic insights into nitrogen-induced changes in pasting characteristics of rice during storage based on proteomics analysis. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101018. [PMID: 38144749 PMCID: PMC10740089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen application delays rice quality deterioration due to changes in its pasting characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during storage in paddy rice treated with different nitrogen levels. On combining the changes in physiological indicators, high-nitrogen treatment was found to downregulate β-1,3-glucanase, reduce the decomposition of cell wall components, downregulate three proteins involved in starch metabolism, decrease the range of the amylose content and increase the range of the amylopectin, upregulate three proteins related to the lysosomal pathway, and enhance glutelin degradation. In addition, it upregulated three proteins related to flavonoid synthesis, which enhanced the stress response ability of rice, thereby contributing to the stability of biological macromolecules. The discovery of these key DEPs provides potential targets for further control over the deterioration of crop seed storage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanling Liang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyu Gu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Qu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Tao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichao Ma
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Mitra C, Winkley S, Kane PM. Human V-ATPase a-subunit isoforms bind specifically to distinct phosphoinositide phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105473. [PMID: 37979916 PMCID: PMC10755780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are highly conserved multisubunit enzymes that maintain the distinct pH of eukaryotic organelles. The integral membrane a-subunit is encoded by tissue- and organelle-specific isoforms, and its cytosolic N-terminal domain (aNT) modulates organelle-specific regulation and targeting of V-ATPases. Organelle membranes have specific phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipid enrichment linked to maintenance of organelle pH. In yeast, the aNT domains of the two a-subunit isoforms bind PIP lipids enriched in the organelle membranes where they reside; these interactions affect activity and regulatory properties of the V-ATPases containing each isoform. Humans have four a-subunit isoforms, and we hypothesize that the aNT domains of these isoforms will also bind to specific PIP lipids. The a1 and a2 isoforms of human V-ATPase a-subunits are localized to endolysosomes and Golgi, respectively. We determined that bacterially expressed Hua1NT and Hua2NT bind specifically to endolysosomal PIP lipids PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 and Golgi enriched PI(4)P, respectively. Despite the lack of canonical PIP-binding sites, we identified potential binding sites in the HuaNT domains by sequence comparisons and existing subunit structures and models. We found that mutations at a similar location in the distal loops of both HuaNT isoforms compromise binding to their cognate PIP lipids, suggesting that these loops encode PIP specificity of the a-subunit isoforms. These data suggest a mechanism through which PIP lipid binding could stabilize and activate V-ATPases in distinct organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Winkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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8
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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Leal AF, Inci OK, Seyrantepe V, Rintz E, Celik B, Ago Y, León D, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Tomatsu S. Molecular Trojan Horses for treating lysosomal storage diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107648. [PMID: 37598508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are caused by monogenic mutations in genes encoding for proteins related to the lysosomal function. Lysosome plays critical roles in molecule degradation and cell signaling through interplay with many other cell organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes. Even though several strategies (i.e., protein replacement and gene therapy) have been attempted for LSDs with promising results, there are still some challenges when hard-to-treat tissues such as bone (i.e., cartilages, ligaments, meniscus, etc.), the central nervous system (mostly neurons), and the eye (i.e., cornea, retina) are affected. Consistently, searching for novel strategies to reach those tissues remains a priority. Molecular Trojan Horses have been well-recognized as a potential alternative in several pathological scenarios for drug delivery, including LSDs. Even though molecular Trojan Horses refer to genetically engineered proteins to overcome the blood-brain barrier, such strategy can be extended to strategies able to transport and deliver drugs to specific tissues or cells using cell-penetrating peptides, monoclonal antibodies, vesicles, extracellular vesicles, and patient-derived cells. Only some of those platforms have been attempted in LSDs. In this paper, we review the most recent efforts to develop molecular Trojan Horses and discuss how this strategy could be implemented to enhance the current efficacy of strategies such as protein replacement and gene therapy in the context of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Orhan Kerim Inci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Seyrantepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Betul Celik
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yasuhiko Ago
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Daniel León
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chiang YT, Wu YY, Lin YC, Huang YY, Lu JC. Cyclodextrin-Mediated Cholesterol Depletion Induces Adiponectin Secretion in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14718. [PMID: 37834165 PMCID: PMC10572842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes store a significant amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. However, whether cholesterol modulates adipocyte function remains largely unknown. We modulated the cholesterol level in adipocytes to examine its effect on the secretion of adiponectin, an important hormone specifically secreted by adipocytes. Treating differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 4 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a molecule with a high affinity for cholesterol, rapidly depleted cholesterol in adipocytes. Interestingly, MβCD treatment increased adiponectin in the medium without affecting its intracellular level, suggesting a modulation of secretion. By contrast, cholesterol addition did not affect adiponectin secretion, suggesting that cholesterol-depletion-induced intracellular cholesterol trafficking, but not reduced cholesterol level, accounted for MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion was reduced after 10 μg/mL U18666A treatment that suppressed cholesterol transport out of late endosomes/lysosomes. Depleting Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) or NPC2 proteins, which mediate endosomal/lysosomal cholesterol export, consistently reduced MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. Furthermore, treatment with 1 μM bafilomycin A1, which neutralized acidic endosomes/lysosomes, also attenuated MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. Finally, MβCD treatment redistributed cellular adiponectin to lower-density fractions in sucrose gradient fractionation. Our results show that MβCD-mediated cholesterol depletion elevates the secretion of adiponectin, highlighting the involvement of endosomes and lysosomes in adiponectin secretion in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Juu-Chin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Tafech A, Jacquet P, Beaujean C, Fertin A, Usson Y, Stéphanou A. Characterization of the Intracellular Acidity Regulation of Brain Tumor Cells and Consequences for Therapeutic Optimization of Temozolomide. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1221. [PMID: 37759620 PMCID: PMC10525637 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A well-known feature of tumor cells is high glycolytic activity, leading to acidification of the tumor microenvironment through extensive lactate production. This acidosis promotes processes such as metastasis, aggressiveness, and invasiveness, which have been associated with a worse clinical prognosis. Moreover, the function and expression of transporters involved in regulation of intracellular pH might be altered. In this study, the capacity of tumor cells to regulate their intracellular pH when exposed to a range of pH from very acidic to basic was characterized in two glioma cell lines (F98 and U87) using a new recently published method of fluorescence imaging. Our results show that the regulation of acidity in tumors is not the same for the two investigated cell lines; U87 cells are able to reduce their intracellular acidity, whereas F98 cells do not exhibit this property. On the other hand, F98 cells show a higher level of resistance to acidity than U87 cells. Intracellular regulation of acidity appears to be highly cell-dependent, with different mechanisms activated to preserve cell integrity and function. This characterization was performed on 2D monolayer cultures and 3D spheroids. Spatial heterogeneities were exhibited in 3D, suggesting a spatially modulated regulation in this context. Based on the corpus of knowledge available in the literature, we propose plausible mechanisms to interpret our results, together with some new lines of investigation to validate our hypotheses. Our results might have implications on therapy, since the activity of temozolomide is highly pH-dependent. We show that the drug efficiency can be enhanced, depending on the cell type, by manipulating the extracellular pH. Therefore, personalized treatment involving a combination of temozolomide and pH-regulating agents can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angélique Stéphanou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.T.); (P.J.); (C.B.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
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12
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Van Lommel J, Holtof M, Tilleman L, Cools D, Vansteenkiste S, Polgun D, Verdonck R, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Vanden Broeck J. Post-feeding transcriptomics reveals essential genes expressed in the midgut of the desert locust. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1232545. [PMID: 37692997 PMCID: PMC10484617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1232545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive tract constitutes an important interface between an animal's internal and external environment. In insects, available gut transcriptome studies are mostly exploratory or look at changes upon infection or upon exposure to xenobiotics, mainly performed in species belonging to holometabolan orders, such as Diptera, Lepidoptera or Coleoptera. By contrast, studies focusing on gene expression changes after food uptake and during digestion are underrepresented. We have therefore compared the gene expression profiles in the midgut of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, between three different time points after feeding, i.e., 24 h (no active digestion), 10 min (the initial stage of feeding), and 2 h (active food digestion). The observed gene expression profiles were consistent with the polyphagous herbivorous lifestyle of this hemimetabolan (orthopteran) species. Our study reveals the upregulation of 576 genes 2 h post-feeding. These are mostly predicted to be associated with digestive physiology, such as genes encoding putative digestive enzymes or nutrient transporters, as well as genes putatively involved in immunity or in xenobiotic metabolism. The 10 min time point represented an intermediate condition, suggesting that the S. gregaria midgut can react rapidly at the transcriptional level to the presence of food. Additionally, our study demonstrated the critical importance of two transcripts that exhibited a significant upregulation 2 h post-feeding: the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase and the sterol transporter Niemann-Pick 1b protein, which upon RNAi-induced knockdown resulted in a marked increase in mortality. Their vital role and accessibility via the midgut lumen may make the encoded proteins promising insecticidal target candidates, considering that the desert locust is infamous for its huge migrating swarms that can devastate the agricultural production in large areas of Northern Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. In conclusion, the transcriptome datasets presented here will provide a useful and promising resource for studying the midgut physiology of S. gregaria, a socio-economically important pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Van Lommel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Holtof
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dorien Cools
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Vansteenkiste
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daria Polgun
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Verdonck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Caligaris M, Sampaio-Marques B, Hatakeyama R, Pillet B, Ludovico P, De Virgilio C, Winderickx J, Nicastro R. The Yeast Protein Kinase Sch9 Functions as a Central Nutrient-Responsive Hub That Calibrates Metabolic and Stress-Related Responses. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:787. [PMID: 37623558 PMCID: PMC10455444 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells are equipped with different nutrient signaling pathways that enable them to sense the availability of various nutrients and adjust metabolism and growth accordingly. These pathways are part of an intricate network since most of them are cross-regulated and subject to feedback regulation at different levels. In yeast, a central role is played by Sch9, a protein kinase that functions as a proximal effector of the conserved growth-regulatory TORC1 complex to mediate information on the availability of free amino acids. However, recent studies established that Sch9 is more than a TORC1-effector as its activity is tuned by several other kinases. This allows Sch9 to function as an integrator that aligns different input signals to achieve accuracy in metabolic responses and stress-related molecular adaptations. In this review, we highlight the latest findings on the structure and regulation of Sch9, as well as its role as a nutrient-responsive hub that impacts on growth and longevity of yeast cells. Given that most key players impinging on Sch9 are well-conserved, we also discuss how studies on Sch9 can be instrumental to further elucidate mechanisms underpinning healthy aging in mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caligaris
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.S.-M.); (P.L.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Riko Hatakeyama
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Benjamin Pillet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.S.-M.); (P.L.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Raffaele Nicastro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
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14
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Tuli F, Kane PM. The cytosolic N-terminal domain of V-ATPase a-subunits is a regulatory hub targeted by multiple signals. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1168680. [PMID: 37398550 PMCID: PMC10313074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) acidify several organelles in all eukaryotic cells and export protons across the plasma membrane in a subset of cell types. V-ATPases are multisubunit enzymes consisting of a peripheral subcomplex, V1, that is exposed to the cytosol and an integral membrane subcomplex, Vo, that contains the proton pore. The Vo a-subunit is the largest membrane subunit and consists of two domains. The N-terminal domain of the a-subunit (aNT) interacts with several V1 and Vo subunits and serves to bridge the V1 and Vo subcomplexes, while the C-terminal domain contains eight transmembrane helices, two of which are directly involved in proton transport. Although there can be multiple isoforms of several V-ATPase subunits, the a-subunit is encoded by the largest number of isoforms in most organisms. For example, the human genome encodes four a-subunit isoforms that exhibit a tissue- and organelle-specific distribution. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, the two a-subunit isoforms, Golgi-enriched Stv1 and vacuolar Vph1, are the only V-ATPase subunit isoforms. Current structural information indicates that a-subunit isoforms adopt a similar backbone structure but sequence variations allow for specific interactions during trafficking and in response to cellular signals. V-ATPases are subject to several types of environmental regulation that serve to tune their activity to their cellular location and environmental demands. The position of the aNT domain in the complex makes it an ideal target for modulating V1-Vo interactions and regulating enzyme activity. The yeast a-subunit isoforms have served as a paradigm for dissecting interactions of regulatory inputs with subunit isoforms. Importantly, structures of yeast V-ATPases containing each a-subunit isoform are available. Chimeric a-subunits combining elements of Stv1NT and Vph1NT have provided insights into how regulatory inputs can be integrated to allow V-ATPases to support cell growth under different stress conditions. Although the function and distribution of the four mammalian a-subunit isoforms present additional complexity, it is clear that the aNT domains of these isoforms are also subject to multiple regulatory interactions. Regulatory mechanisms that target mammalian a-subunit isoforms, and specifically the aNT domains, will be described. Altered V-ATPase function is associated with multiple diseases in humans. The possibility of regulating V-ATPase subpopulations via their isoform-specific regulatory interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia M. Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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15
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Distel JS, Di Venanzio G, Mackel JJ, Rosen DA, Feldman MF. Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011173. [PMID: 37294840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a common infection of the lower respiratory tract that can afflict patients of all ages. Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly responsible for causing nosocomial pneumonias, thus posing an urgent threat. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in overcoming respiratory infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, we and others have shown that new clinical isolates of A. baumannii, but not the common lab strain ATCC 19606 (19606), can persist and replicate in macrophages within spacious vacuoles that we called Acinetobacter Containing Vacuoles (ACV). In this work, we demonstrate that the modern A. baumannii clinical isolate 398, but not the lab strain 19606, can infect alveolar macrophages and produce ACVs in vivo in a murine pneumonia model. Both strains initially interact with the alveolar macrophage endocytic pathway, as indicated by EEA1 and LAMP1 markers; however, the fate of these strains diverges at a later stage. While 19606 is eliminated in an autophagy pathway, 398 replicates in ACVs and are not degraded. We show that 398 reverts the natural acidification of the phagosome by secreting large amounts of ammonia, a by-product of amino acid catabolism. We propose that this ability to survive within macrophages may be critical for the persistence of clinical A. baumannii isolates in the lung during a respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus S Distel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gisela Di Venanzio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph J Mackel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A Rosen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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16
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Wang H, Rubinstein JL. CryoEM of V-ATPases: Assembly, disassembly, and inhibition. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102592. [PMID: 37272327 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) are responsible for the acidification of intracellular compartments in almost all eukaryotic cells, while in some specialized cells they acidify the extracellular environment. As ubiquitous proton pumps, these large membrane-embedded enzymes are involved in many fundamental cellular processes that require tight control of pH. Consequently, V-ATPase malfunction or aberrant activity has been linked to numerous diseases. In the past ten years, electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of yeast V-ATPases has revealed the architecture and rotary catalytic mechanism of these macromolecular machines. More recently, studies have revealed the structures of V-ATPases in animals and plants, uncovered aspects of how V-ATPases are assembled and regulated by reversible dissociation, and shown how V-ATPase activity can be modulated by proteins and small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we highlight these recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wang
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, M5G 0A4, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, M5G 1L7, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, M5G 0A4, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, M5G 1L7, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Canada.
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17
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Mitra C, Kane PM. Human V-ATPase a-subunit isoforms bind specifically to distinct phosphoinositide phospholipids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538068. [PMID: 37162989 PMCID: PMC10168244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
V-ATPases are highly conserved multi-subunit enzymes that maintain the distinct pH of eukaryotic organelles. The integral membrane a-subunit is encoded by tissue and organelle specific isoforms, and its cytosolic N-terminal domain (aNT) modulates organelle specific regulation and targeting of V-ATPases. Organelle membranes have specific phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipid enrichment linked to maintenance of organelle pH. In yeast, the aNT domains of the two a-subunit isoforms bind PIP lipids enriched in the organelle membranes where they reside; these interactions affect activity and regulatory properties of the V-ATPases containing each isoform. Humans have four a-subunit isoforms. We hypothesize that the aNT domains of the human isoforms will also bind to specific PIP lipids. The a1 and a2 isoforms of human V-ATPase a-subunits are localized to endolysosomes and Golgi, respectively. Bacterially expressed Hua1NT and Hua2NT bind specifically to endolysosomal PIP lipids PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 and Golgi enriched PI(4)P, respectively. Despite the lack of canonical PIP binding sites, potential binding sites in the HuaNT domains were identified by sequence comparisons and existing subunit structures and models. Mutations at a similar location in the distal loops of both HuaNT isoforms compromise binding to their cognate PIP lipids, suggesting that these loops encode PIP specificity of the a-subunit isoforms. These data also suggest a mechanism through which PIP lipid binding could stabilize and activate V-ATPases in distinct organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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18
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Ramírez-Ponce MP, Flores JA, Barrella L, Alés E. Ketotifen is a microglial stabilizer by inhibiting secretory vesicle acidification. Life Sci 2023; 319:121537. [PMID: 36868401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing alarm signals to provide the first line of defense against injury or infection after which they acquire an activated phenotype, but they also respond to chemical signals sent from brain mast cells, sentinels of the immune system, when these are degranulated in response to noxious agents. Nevertheless, excessive microglia activation damages the surrounding healthy neural tissue causing progressive loss of neurons and inducing chronic inflammation. Thus, it would be of intense interest the development and application of agents which prevent mast cell mediator release and inhibit the actions of such mediators once released on microglia. MAIN METHODS Fluorescence measurements of fura-2 and quinacrine were used to measure intracellular Ca2+ signaling and exocytotic vesicle fusion in resting and activated microglia. KEY FINDINGS We show that treatment of microglia with a cocktail of mast cell mediators induces microglia activation, phagocytosis, and exocytosis, and reveal by the first-time microglia undergo a phase of vesicular acidification just before the exocytotic fusion occurs. This acidification is an important process for vesicular maturation and contributes with ∼25 % to the content that the vesicle can store and later release by exocytosis. Pre-incubation with ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer and H1R antagonist completely abolished histamine-mediated calcium signaling and acidification of microglial organelles, and concomitantly reduced the discharge of vesicle contents. SIGNIFICANCE These results highlight a key role for vesicle acidification in microglial physiology and provide a potential therapeutic target for diseases related to mast cell and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Antonio Flores
- Dpto. de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Barrella
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Alés
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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19
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Structural and Functional Diversity of Two ATP-Driven Plant Proton Pumps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054512. [PMID: 36901943 PMCID: PMC10003446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ATP-dependent proton pumps function in plant cells. Plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) transfers protons from the cytoplasm to the apoplast, while vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), located in tonoplasts and other endomembranes, is responsible for proton pumping into the organelle lumen. Both enzymes belong to two different families of proteins and, therefore, differ significantly in their structure and mechanism of action. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a member of the P-ATPases that undergo conformational changes, associated with two distinct E1 and E2 states, and autophosphorylation during the catalytic cycle. The vacuolar H+-ATPase represents rotary enzymes functioning as a molecular motor. The plant V-ATPase consists of thirteen different subunits organized into two subcomplexes, the peripheral V1 and the membrane-embedded V0, in which the stator and rotor parts have been distinguished. In contrast, the plant plasma membrane proton pump is a functional single polypeptide chain. However, when the enzyme is active, it transforms into a large twelve-protein complex of six H+-ATPase molecules and six 14-3-3 proteins. Despite these differences, both proton pumps can be regulated by the same mechanisms (such as reversible phosphorylation) and, in some processes, such as cytosolic pH regulation, may act in a coordinated way.
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20
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Distel JS, Di Venanzio G, Mackel JJ, Rosen DA, Feldman MF. Replicative Acinetobacter baumannii strains interfere with phagosomal maturation by modulating the vacuolar pH. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526753. [PMID: 36778331 PMCID: PMC9915592 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a common infection of the lower respiratory tract that can afflict patients of all ages. Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly responsible for causing nosocomial pneumonias, thus posing an urgent threat. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in overcoming respiratory infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, we and others have shown that new clinical isolates of A. baumannii , but not the common lab strain ATCC 19606 (19606), can persist and replicate in macrophages within spacious vacuoles that we called A cinetobacter C ontaining V acuoles (ACV). In this work, we demonstrate that the modern A. baumannii clinical isolate 398, but not the lab strain 19606, can infect alveolar macrophages and produce ACVs in vivo in a murine pneumonia model. Both strains initially interact with the alveolar macrophage endocytic pathway, as indicated by EEA1 and LAMP1 markers; however, the fate of these strains diverges at a later stage. While 19606 is eliminated in an autophagy pathway, 398 replicates in ACVs and are not degraded. We show that 398 reverts the natural acidification of the phagosome by secreting large amounts of ammonia, a by-product of amino acid catabolism. We propose that this ability to survive within macrophages may be critical for the persistence of clinical A. baumannii isolates in the lung during a respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus S. Distel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gisela Di Venanzio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Mackel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A Rosen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mario F. Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America.,Corresponding author: Mario F. Feldman,
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21
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Zheng ZY, Xie G, Tan GL, Liu WL. Proteolysis modification targeting protein corona affects ultrasound-induced membrane homeostasis of saccharomyces cerevisiae: Analysis of lipid relative contributions on membrane properties. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1082666. [PMID: 36778851 PMCID: PMC9909265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1082666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein corona (PCN) adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles has brought new research perspectives for the interaction between nanoparticles and microorganisms. In this study, the responses of saccharomyces cerevisiae' membrane lipid composition, the average length of the fatty acyl chains and the average number of unsaturation of fatty acids to ultrasound combined with nano-Fe3O4@PCN with time-limited proteolysis (nano-Fe3O4@TLP-PCN) was investigated. Methods Lipidomic data was obtained using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive plus mass spectrometer. The membrane potential, proton motive force assay and the membrane lipid oxidation were measured using Di-BAC4(3), DISC3(5) and C11-BODIPY581/591 as the probes. Combined with the approach of feasible virtual samples generation, the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was adopted to establish the mapping relationship between lipids and membrane properties. Results The time-limited proteolysis targeting wheat PCN-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles resulted in regular changes of hydrodynamic diameters, ζ-potentials, and surface hydrophobicity. In addition, with the prolongation of PCN proteolysis time, disturbances of 3 S.cerevisiae membrane characteristics, and membrane lipidomic remodeling in response to ultrasound+ nano-Fe3O4@PCN were observed. The analysis of relative importance which followed revealed that ergosterol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol phosphate had the greatest influence on membrane potential. For membrane lipid oxidation, ceramide, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sitosterol ester contribute 16.2, 14.9, and 13.1%, respectively. The relative contributions of six lysolecithins to the dissipation of proton motive force remained limited. Discussion An adaptation mechanism of cell membrane to proteolyzed PCN, wherein lipidome remodeling could preserved functional membrane phenotypes was revealed. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the relative importances of SiE, Cer, PE and PIP in determining membrane potential, PMF dissipation and membrane lipid oxidation by establishing FVSG-BP-ANN model.
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22
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Zhang J, Tang Y, Hu Z, Xu W, Ma Y, Xu P, Xing H, Niu Q. The inhibition of TRPML1/TFEB leads to lysosomal biogenesis disorder, contributes to developmental fluoride neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114511. [PMID: 36608573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity; regrettably, the mechanism is obscure. We aimed to probe the role of lysosomal biogenesis disorder in developmental fluoride neurotoxicity-specifically, the regulating effect of the transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1)/transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling pathway on lysosomal biogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats were given fluoridated water freely, during pregnancy to the parental rats to 2 months after delivery to the offspring. In addition, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), with or without mucolipin synthetic agonist 1 (ML-SA1) or adenovirus TFEB (Ad-TFEB) intervention. Our findings revealed that NaF impaired learning and memory as well as memory retention capacities in rat offspring, induced lysosomal biogenesis disorder, and decreased lysosomal degradation capacity, autophagosome accumulation, autophagic flux blockade, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. These changes were evidenced by the decreased expression of TRPML1, nuclear TFEB, LAMP2, CTSB, and CTSD, as well as increased expression of LC3-II, p62, cleaved PARP, NLRP3, Caspase1, and IL-1β. Furthermore, TRPML1 activation and TFEB overexpression both restored TFEB nuclear protein expression and promoted lysosomal biogenesis while enhancing lysosomal degradation capacity, recovering autophagic flux, and attenuating NaF-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis. Taken together, these results show that NaF promotes the progression of developmental fluoride neurotoxicity by inhibiting TRPML1/TFEB expression and impeding lysosomal biogenesis. Notably, the activation of TRPML1/TFEB alleviated NaF-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Therefore, TRPML1/TFEB may be promising markers of developmental fluoride neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengrui Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, People's Republic of China.
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Suzuki Y, Kami D, Taya T, Sano A, Ogata T, Matoba S, Gojo S. ZLN005 improves the survival of polymicrobial sepsis by increasing the bacterial killing via inducing lysosomal acidification and biogenesis in phagocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1089905. [PMID: 36820088 PMCID: PMC9938763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1089905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis still has a high mortality rate despite the development of antimicrobial agents, elaborate strategies to protect major organs, and the investment of numerous medical resources. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which acts as the center of energy metabolism, is clearly the basis of pathogenesis. Drugs that act on PGC1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biosynthesis, have shown useful effects in the treatment of sepsis; therefore, we investigated the efficacy of ZLN005, a PGC1α agonist, and found significant improvement in overall survival in an animal model. The mode of action of this effect was examined, and it was shown that the respiratory capacity of mitochondria was enhanced immediately after administration and that the function of TFEB, a transcriptional regulator that promotes lysosome biosynthesis and mutually enhances PGC1α, was enhanced, as was the physical contact between mitochondria and lysosomes. ZLN005 strongly supported immune defense in early sepsis by increasing lysosome volume and acidity and enhancing cargo degradation, resulting in a significant reduction in bacterial load. ZLN005 rapidly acted on two organelles, mitochondria and lysosomes, against sepsis and interactively linked the two to improve the pathogenesis. This is the first demonstration that acidification of lysosomes by a small molecule is a mechanism of action in the therapeutic strategy for sepsis, which will have a significant impact on future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Bell JD. Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3113. [PMID: 36551869 PMCID: PMC9775339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- The Guy Foundation, Chedington Court, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3HY, UK
| | | | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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25
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Magné J, Green DR. LC3-associated endocytosis and the functions of Rubicon and ATG16L1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5600. [PMID: 36288306 PMCID: PMC9604520 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO) is a noncanonical function of the autophagy machinery, in which LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain) is conjugated to rab5-positive endosomes, using a portion of the canonical autophagy pathway. LANDO was initially discovered in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease as a critical regulator of amyloid-β receptor recycling in microglial cells, playing a protective role against neuronal loss and memory impairment. Recent evidence suggests an emerging role of LANDO in cytokine receptor signaling and innate immunity. Here, we discuss the regulation of two crucial effectors of LANDO, Rubicon and ATG16L1, and their impact on endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis.
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26
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Wu M, Wu G, Lu F, Wang H, Lei A, Wang J. Microalgal photoautotrophic growth induces pH decrease in the aquatic environment by acidic metabolites secretion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:115. [PMID: 36289523 PMCID: PMC9608927 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae can absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, which causes the aquatic environmental pH to rise. However, the pH is reduced when microalga Euglena gracilis (EG) is cultivated under photoautotrophic conditions. The mechanism behind this unique phenomenon is not yet elucidated. RESULTS The present study evaluated the growth of EG, compared to Chlorella vulgaris (CV), as the control group; analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aquatic environment; finally revealed the mechanism of the decrease in the aquatic environmental pH via comparative metabolomics analysis. Although the CV cell density was 28.3-fold that of EG, the secreted-DOM content from EG cell was 49.8-fold that of CV (p-value < 0.001). The main component of EG's DOM was rich in humic acids, which contained more DOM composed of chemical bonds such as N-H, O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O-C, and C-OH than that of CV. Essentially, the 24 candidate biomarkers metabolites secreted by EG into the aquatic environment were acidic substances, mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, and derivatives. Moreover, six potential critical secreted-metabolic pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that EG secreted acidic metabolites, resulting in decreased aquatic environmental pH. This study provides novel insights into a new understanding of the ecological niche of EG and the rule of pH change in the microalgae aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China ,grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Guimei Wu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Feimiao Lu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Anping Lei
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y. Exploring the Link between Vacuolar-Type Proton ATPase and Epithelial Cell Polarity. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1419-1425. [PMID: 36184498 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) was first identified as an electrogenic proton pump that acidifies the lumen of intracellular organelles. Subsequently, it was observed that the proton pump also participates in the acidification of extracellular compartments. V-ATPase plays important roles in a wide range of cell biological processes and physiological functions by generating an acidic pH; therefore, it has attracted much attention not only in basic research but also in pathological and clinical aspects. Emerging evidence indicates that the luminal acidic endocytic organelles and their trafficking may function as important hubs that connect and coordinate various signaling pathways. Various pharmacological analyses have suggested that acidic endocytic organelles are important for the maintenance of cell polarity. Recently, several studies using genetic approaches have revealed the involvement of V-ATPase in the establishment and maintenance of apico-basal polarity. This review provides a brief overview of the relationship between the polarity of epithelial cells and V-ATPase as well as V-ATPase driven luminal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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28
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The a subunit isoforms of vacuolar-type proton ATPase exhibit differential distribution in mouse perigastrulation embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13590. [PMID: 35948619 PMCID: PMC9365772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multi-subunit complexes that play critical roles in the acidification of a variety of intracellular or extracellular compartments. Mammalian cells contain four isoforms of the membrane integral subunit a (a1–a4); these isoforms contain the information necessary to target the enzyme to different cellular destinations. They are also involved in regulating the efficiency of ATP hydrolysis and proton transport. Previously, we showed that early embryogenesis requires V-ATPase function, and the luminal acidic endocytic and lysosomal compartments in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos at the pre-gastrulation stage (E6.5) are essential for both nutrition and signal transduction during early embryogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression and distribution of a subunit isoforms in mouse embryos at E6.5. We found that all four isoforms expressed and exhibited differential distribution in the E6.5 embryo. At this developmental stage, the embryos establish highly elaborate endocytic compartments called apical vacuoles, on which the a3 isoform specifically accumulated.
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29
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Groth A, Ahlmann S, Werner A, Pöggeler S. The vacuolar morphology protein VAC14 plays an important role in sexual development in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Curr Genet 2022; 68:407-427. [PMID: 35776170 PMCID: PMC9279277 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multiprotein Fab1p/PIKfyve-complex regulating the abundance of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is highly conserved among eukaryotes. In yeast/mammals, it is composed of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Fab1p/PIKfyve, the PtdIns(3,5)P2 phosphatase Fig4p/Sac3 and the scaffolding subunit Vac14p/ArPIKfyve. The complex is located to vacuolar membranes in yeast and to endosomal membranes in mammals, where it controls the synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2. In this study, we analyzed the role and function of the Fab1p/PIKfyve-complex scaffold protein SmVAC14 in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora (Sm). We generated the Smvac14 deletion strain ∆vac14 and performed phenotypic analysis of the mutant. Furthermore, we conducted fluorescence microscopic localization studies of fluorescently labeled SmVAC14 with vacuolar and late endosomal marker proteins. Our results revealed that SmVAC14 is important for maintaining vacuolar size and appearance as well as proper sexual development in S. macrospora. In addition, SmVAC14 plays an important role in starvation stress response. Accordingly, our results propose that the turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2 is of great significance for developmental processes in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Groth
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Ahlmann
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Werner
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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30
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Seidel T. The Plant V-ATPase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931777. [PMID: 35845650 PMCID: PMC9280200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
V-ATPase is the dominant proton pump in plant cells. It contributes to cytosolic pH homeostasis and energizes transport processes across endomembranes of the secretory pathway. Its localization in the trans Golgi network/early endosomes is essential for vesicle transport, for instance for the delivery of cell wall components. Furthermore, it is crucial for response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The V-ATPase's rather complex structure and multiple subunit isoforms enable high structural flexibility with respect to requirements for different organs, developmental stages, and organelles. This complexity further demands a sophisticated assembly machinery and transport routes in cells, a process that is still not fully understood. Regulation of V-ATPase is a target of phosphorylation and redox-modifications but also involves interactions with regulatory proteins like 14-3-3 proteins and the lipid environment. Regulation by reversible assembly, as reported for yeast and the mammalian enzyme, has not be proven in plants but seems to be absent in autotrophic cells. Addressing the regulation of V-ATPase is a promising approach to adjust its activity for improved stress resistance or higher crop yield.
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31
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Acidification of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies is mediated by the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270299. [PMID: 35767558 PMCID: PMC9242466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB) are unique secretory granules of endothelial cells that store the procoagulant von-Willebrand factor (VWF) in a highly compacted form. Upon exocytosis the densely packed VWF unfurls into long strands that expose binding sites for circulating platelets and thereby initiate the formation of a platelet plug at sites of blood vessel injury. Dense packing of VWF requires the establishment of an acidic pH in the lumen of maturing WPB but the mechanism responsible for this acidification has not yet been fully established. We show here that subunits of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase are present on mature WPB and that interference with the proton pump activity of the ATPase employing inhibitors of different chemical nature blocks a reduction in the relative internal pH of WPB. Furthermore, depletion of the V-ATPase subunit V0d1 from primary endothelial cells prevents WPB pH reduction and the establishment of an elongated morphology of WPB that is dictated by the densely packed VWF tubules. Thus, the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase present on WPB is required for proper acidification and maturation of the organelle.
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32
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Endosomal v-ATPase as a Sensor Determining Myocardial Substrate Preference. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070579. [PMID: 35888703 PMCID: PMC9316095 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a metabolically flexible omnivore that can utilize a variety of substrates for energy provision. To fulfill cardiac energy requirements, the healthy adult heart mainly uses long-chain fatty acids and glucose in a balanced manner, but when exposed to physiological or pathological stimuli, it can switch its substrate preference to alternative substrates such as amino acids (AAs) and ketone bodies. Using the failing heart as an example, upon stress, the fatty acid/glucose substrate balance is upset, resulting in an over-reliance on either fatty acids or glucose. A chronic fuel shift towards a single type of substrate is linked with cardiac dysfunction. Re-balancing myocardial substrate preference is suggested as an effective strategy to rescue the failing heart. In the last decade, we revealed that vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) functions as a key regulator of myocardial substrate preference and, therefore, as a novel potential treatment approach for the failing heart. Fatty acids, glucose, and AAs selectively influence the assembly state of v-ATPase resulting in modulation of its proton-pumping activity. In this review, we summarize these novel insights on v-ATPase as an integrator of nutritional information. We also describe its exploitation as a therapeutic target with focus on supplementation of AA as a nutraceutical approach to fight lipid-induced insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction of the heart.
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33
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Rivero-Ríos P, Weisman LS. Roles of PIKfyve in multiple cellular pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102086. [PMID: 35584589 PMCID: PMC9108489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling lipids are crucial for eukaryotes and regulate many aspects of cell function. These signaling molecules are difficult to study because they are extremely low abundance. Here, we focus on two of the lowest abundance phosphoinositides, PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, which play critical roles in cellular homeostasis, membrane trafficking and transcription. Their levels are tightly regulated by a protein complex that includes PIKfyve, Fig4 and Vac14. Importantly, mutations in this complex that decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P are linked to human diseases, especially those of the nervous system. Paradoxically, PIKfyve inhibitors which decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, are currently being tested for some neurodegenerative diseases, as well as other diverse diseases including some cancers, and as a treatment for SARS-CoV2 infection. A more comprehensive picture of the pathways that are regulated by PIKfyve will be critical to understand the roles of PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P in normal human physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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34
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Kim L, Lee BG, Kim M, Kim MK, Kwon DH, Kim H, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Roh SH, Song HK. Structural insights into ClpP protease side exit pore-opening by a pH drop coupled with substrate hydrolysis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109755. [PMID: 35593068 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ClpP serine peptidase is a tetradecameric degradation molecular machine involved in many physiological processes. It becomes a competent ATP-dependent protease when coupled with Clp-ATPases. Small chemical compounds, acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs), are known to cause the dysregulation and activation of ClpP without ATPases and have potential as novel antibiotics. Previously, structural studies of ClpP from various species revealed its structural details, conformational changes, and activation mechanism. Although product release through side exit pores has been proposed, the detailed driving force for product release remains elusive. Herein, we report crystal structures of ClpP from Bacillus subtilis (BsClpP) in unforeseen ADEP-bound states. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of BsClpP revealed various conformational states under different pH conditions. To understand the conformational change required for product release, we investigated the relationship between substrate hydrolysis and the pH-lowering process. The production of hydrolyzed peptides from acidic and basic substrates by proteinase K and BsClpP lowered the pH values. Our data, together with those of previous findings, provide insight into the molecular mechanism of product release by the ClpP self-compartmentalizing protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leehyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gil Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Soung-Hun Roh
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Matsumoto N, Sekiya M, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Nakanishi-Matsui M. The lysosomal V-ATPase a3 subunit is involved in localization of Mon1-Ccz1, the GEF for Rab7, to secretory lysosomes in osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8455. [PMID: 35589873 PMCID: PMC9120031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that the lysosomal a3 isoform of the a subunit of vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) interacts with inactive (GDP-bound form) Rab7, a small GTPase that regulates late endosome/lysosome trafficking, and that a3 recruits Rab7 to secretory lysosomes in mouse osteoclasts. This is essential for outward trafficking of secretory lysosomes and thus for bone resorption. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the recruitment of Rab7 by a3 remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that a3 interacts with the Mon1A-Ccz1 complex, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab7, using HEK293T cells. The interaction was mediated by the amino-terminal half domain of a3 and the longin motifs of Mon1A and Ccz1. Exogenous expression of the GEF promoted the interaction between a3 and Rab7. Mon1A mutants that interact inefficiently with Rab7 interacted with a3 at a similar level to wild-type Mon1A. Lysosomal localization of endogenous Ccz1 was abolished in osteoclasts lacking a3. These results suggest that the lysosomal a3 isoform of V-ATPase interacts with Mon1A-Ccz1, and that a3 is important for Mon1A-Ccz1 localization to secretory lysosomes, which mediates Rab7 recruitment to the organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1-1-1, Shiwa, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sekiya
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1-1-1, Shiwa, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakanishi-Matsui
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1-1-1, Shiwa, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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Han X, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xu W, Xu S, Niu Q. Impaired V-ATPase leads to increased lysosomal pH, results in disrupted lysosomal degradation and autophagic flux blockage, contributes to fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113500. [PMID: 35421827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity, yet its mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to explore the possible role and mechanism of autophagic flux blockage caused by abnormal lysosomal pH in fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity, focusing on the role of V-ATPase in regulating the neuronal lysosomal pH. Using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) from gestation through delivery until the neonatal offspring reached six months of age as an in vivo model. The results showed that NaF impaired the cognitive abilities of the offspring rats. In addition, NaF reduced V-ATPase expression, diminished lysosomal degradation capacity and blocked autophagic flux, and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus of offspring. Consistently, these results were validated in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with NaF. Moreover, NaF increased the SH-SY5Y lysosomal pH. Mechanistically, V-ATPase B2 overexpression and ATP effectively restored V-ATPase expression, reducing NaF-induced lysosomal alkalinization while increasing lysosomal degradation capacity. Notably, those above pharmacological and molecular interventions diminished NaF-induced apoptosis by restoring autophagic flux. Collectively, the present findings suggested that NaF impairs the lysosomal pH raised by V-ATPase. This leads to reduced lysosomal degradation capacity and triggers autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis, thus contributing to neuronal death. Therefore, V-ATPase might be a promising indicator of developmental fluoride neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), People's Republic of China.
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Molina ML, García-Bernal D, Salinas MD, Rubio G, Aparicio P, Moraleda JM, Martínez S, Valdor R. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Ablation in Pericytes Reveals New Glioblastoma Prognostic Markers and Efficient Treatment Against Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:797945. [PMID: 35419364 PMCID: PMC8997287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.797945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lack of knowledge of the progression mechanisms of glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive brain tumor, contributes to the absence of successful therapeutic strategies. Our team has recently demonstrated a crucial new role for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in pericytes (PC)-acquired immunosuppressive function, which prevents anti-tumor immune responses and facilitates GB progression. The possible impact that GB-induced CMA in PC has on other functions that might be useful for future GB prognosis/treatment, has not been explored yet. Thus, we proposed to analyze the contribution of CMA to other GB-induced changes in PC biology and determine if CMA ablation in PC is a key target mechanism for GB treatment. Methods: Studies of RNA-seq and secretome analysis were done in GB-conditioned PC with and without CMA (from knockout mice for LAMP-2A) and compared to control PC. Different therapeutic strategies in a GB mouse model were compared. Results: We found several gene expression pathways enriched in LAMP2A-KO PC and affected by GB-induced CMA in PC that correlate with our previous findings. Phagosome formation, cellular senescence, focal adhesion and the effector function to promote anti-tumor immune responses were the most affected pathways, revealing a transcriptomic profiling of specific target functions useful for future therapies. In addition, several molecules associated with tumor mechanisms and related to tumor immune responses such as gelsolin, periostin, osteopontin, lumican and vitamin D, were identified in the PC secretome dependent on GB-induced CMA. The CMA ablation in PC with GB cells showed an expected immunogenic phenotype able to phagocyte GB cells and a key strategy to develop future therapeutic strategies against GB tumor progression. A novel intravenous therapy using exofucosylated CMA-deficient PC was efficient to make PC reach the tumor niche and facilitate tumor elimination. Conclusion: Our results corroborate previous findings on the impaired immunogenic function of PC with GB-induced CMA, driving to other altered PC functions and the identifications of new target markers related to the tumor immune responses and useful for GB prognosis/therapy. Our work demonstrates CMA ablation in PC as a key target mechanism to develop a successful therapy against GB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Molina
- Unit of Autophagy, Immune Response and Tolerance in Pathologic Processes, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias-University Miguel Hernández (UMH-CSIC), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Cell Therapy Unit, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group-Medicine Department, University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology Department, UMU, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Salinas
- Unit of Autophagy, Immune Response and Tolerance in Pathologic Processes, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology Department, UMU, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Rubio
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology Department, UMU, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Aparicio
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology Department, UMU, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M. Moraleda
- Cell Therapy Unit, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group-Medicine Department, University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias (UMH-CSIC), CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-ISCIII) and Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Rut Valdor
- Unit of Autophagy, Immune Response and Tolerance in Pathologic Processes, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Group-Medicine Department, University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology Department, UMU, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rut Valdor,
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Early Endosomal Vps34-Derived Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate Is Indispensable for the Biogenesis of the Endosomal Recycling Compartment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060962. [PMID: 35326413 PMCID: PMC8946653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a major identity tag of early endosomes (EEs), provides a platform for the recruitment of numerous cellular proteins containing an FYVE or PX domain that is required for PI3P-dependent maturation of EEs. Most of the PI3P in EEs is generated by the activity of Vps34, a catalytic component of class III phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3Ks) complex. In this study, we analyzed the role of Vps34-derived PI3P in the EE recycling circuit of unperturbed cells using VPS34-IN1 (IN1), a highly specific inhibitor of Vps34. IN1-mediated PI3P depletion resulted in the rapid dissociation of recombinant FYVE- and PX-containing PI3P-binding modules and endogenous PI3P-binding proteins, including EEA1 and EE sorting nexins. IN1 treatment triggered the rapid restructuring of EEs into a PI3P-independent functional configuration, and after IN1 washout, EEs were rapidly restored to a PI3P-dependent functional configuration. Analysis of the PI3P-independent configuration showed that the Vps34-derived PI3P is not essential for the pre-EE-associated functions and the fast recycling loop of the EE recycling circuit but contributes to EE maturation toward the degradation circuit, as previously shown in Vps34 knockout and knockdown studies. However, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is also essential for the establishment of the Rab11a-dependent pathway, including recycling cargo sorting in this pathway and membrane flux from EEs to the pericentriolar endosomal recycling compartment (ERC). Rab11a endosomes of PI3P-depleted cells expanded and vacuolized outside the pericentriolar area without the acquisition of internalized transferrin (Tf). These endosomes had high levels of FIP5 and low levels of FIP3, suggesting that their maturation was arrested before the acquisition of FIP3. Consequently, Tf-loaded-, Rab11a/FIP5-, and Rab8a-positive endosomes disappeared from the pericentriolar area, implying that PI3P-associated functions are essential for ERC biogenesis. ERC loss was rapidly reversed after IN1 washout, which coincided with the restoration of FIP3 recruitment to Rab11a-positive endosomes and their dynein-dependent migration to the cell center. Thus, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is indispensable in the recycling circuit to maintain the slow recycling pathway and biogenesis of the ERC.
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Kwak D, Hammarström LGJ, Haraldsson M, Ernfors P. Glioblastoma cytotoxicity conferred through dual disruption of endolysosomal homeostasis by Vacquinol-1. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab152. [PMID: 34765974 PMCID: PMC8577523 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased membrane trafficking is observed in numerous cancer types, including glioblastoma. Targeting the oncogenic driven acquired alterations in membrane trafficking by synthetic cationic amphiphilic small molecules has recently been shown to induce death of glioblastoma cells, although the molecular targets are unknown. Methods The mechanism of action of the cationic amphiphilic drug Vacquinol-1 (Vacq1)-induced cytotoxicity was investigated using cell biology, biochemistry, functional experiments, chemical biology, unbiased antibody-based post-translation modification profiling, and mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomic analysis on patient-derived glioblastoma cells. Results Vacq1 induced two types of abnormal endolysosomal vesicles, enlarged vacuoles and acidic vesicle organelles (AVOs). Mechanistically, enlarged vacuoles were formed by the impairment of lysosome reformation through the direct interaction and inhibition of calmodulin (CaM) by Vacq1, while AVO formation was induced by Vacq1 accumulation and acidification in the endosomal compartments through its activation of the v-ATPase. As a consequence of v-ATPase activation, cellular ATP consumption markedly increased, causing cellular energy shortage and cytotoxicity. This effect of Vacq1 was exacerbated by its inhibitory effects on calmodulin, causing lysosomal depletion and a failure of acidic vesicle organelle clearance. Conclusion Our study identifies the targets of Vacq1 and the mechanisms underlying its selective cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. The dual function of Vacq1 sets in motion a glioblastoma-specific vicious cycle of ATP consumption resulting in cellular energy crisis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongoh Kwak
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars G J Hammarström
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang C, Xiang Y, Qian D. Current progress in plant V-ATPase: From biochemical properties to physiological functions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153525. [PMID: 34560396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase, VHA) is a highly conserved, ATP-driven multisubunit proton pump that is widely distributed in all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase consists of two domains formed by at least 13 different subunits, the membrane peripheral V1 domain responsible for ATP hydrolysis, and the membrane-integral V0 domain responsible for proton translocation. V-ATPase plays an essential role in energizing secondary active transport and is indispensable to plants. In addition to multiple stress responses, plant V-ATPase is also implicated in physiological processes such as growth, development, and morphogenesis. Based on the identification of distinct V-ATPase mutants and advances in luminal pH measurements in vivo, it has been revealed that this holoenzyme complex plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis of the plant endomembrane system and endocytic and secretory trafficking. Here, we review recent progress in comprehending the biochemical properties and physiological functions of plant V-ATPase and explore the topics that require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Abstract
It has previously been reported that in ex vivo planar explants prepared from Xenopus laevis embryos, the intracellular pH (pHi) increases in cells of the dorsal ectoderm from stage 10.5 to 11.5 (i.e. 11-12.5 hpf). It was proposed that such increases (potentially due to H+ being extruded, sequestered, or buffered in some manner), play a role in regulating neural induction. Here, we used an extracellular ion-selective electrode to non-invasively measure H+ fluxes at eight locations around the equatorial circumference of intact X. laevis embryos between stages 9-12 (˜7-13.25 hpf). We showed that at stages 9-11, there was a small H+ efflux recorded from all the measuring positions. At stage 12 there was a small, but significant, increase in the efflux of H+ from most locations, but the efflux from the dorsal side of the embryo was significantly greater than from the other positions. Embryos were also treated from stages 9-12 with bafilomycin A1, to block the activity of the ATP-driven H+ pump. By stage 22 (24 hpf), these embryos displayed retarded development, arresting before the end of gastrulation and therefore did not display the usual anterior and neural structures, which were observed in the solvent-control embryos. In addition, expression of the early neural gene, Zic3, was absent in treated embryos compared with the solvent controls. Together, our new in vivo data corroborated and extended the earlier explant-derived report describing changes in pHi that were suggested to play a role during neural induction in X. laevis embryos.
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The Role of Sch9 and the V-ATPase in the Adaptation Response to Acetic Acid and the Consequences for Growth and Chronological Lifespan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091871. [PMID: 34576766 PMCID: PMC8472237 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that non-physiologically high levels of acetic acid promote cellular acidification, chronological aging, and programmed cell death. In the current study, we compared the cellular lipid composition, acetic acid uptake, intracellular pH, growth, and chronological lifespan of wild-type cells and mutants lacking the protein kinase Sch9 and/or a functional V-ATPase when grown in medium supplemented with different acetic acid concentrations. Our data show that strains lacking the V-ATPase are especially more susceptible to growth arrest in the presence of high acetic acid concentrations, which is due to a slower adaptation to the acid stress. These V-ATPase mutants also displayed changes in lipid homeostasis, including alterations in their membrane lipid composition that influences the acetic acid diffusion rate and changes in sphingolipid metabolism and the sphingolipid rheostat, which is known to regulate stress tolerance and longevity of yeast cells. However, we provide evidence that the supplementation of 20 mM acetic acid has a cytoprotective and presumable hormesis effect that extends the longevity of all strains tested, including the V-ATPase compromised mutants. We also demonstrate that the long-lived sch9Δ strain itself secretes significant amounts of acetic acid during stationary phase, which in addition to its enhanced accumulation of storage lipids may underlie its increased lifespan.
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Germanos M, Gao A, Taper M, Yau B, Kebede MA. Inside the Insulin Secretory Granule. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080515. [PMID: 34436456 PMCID: PMC8401130 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell is purpose-built for the production and secretion of insulin, the only hormone that can remove glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin is kept inside miniature membrane-bound storage compartments known as secretory granules (SGs), and these specialized organelles can readily fuse with the plasma membrane upon cellular stimulation to release insulin. Insulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a biologically inactive precursor, proinsulin, along with several other proteins that will also become members of the insulin SG. Their coordinated synthesis enables synchronized transit through the ER and Golgi apparatus for congregation at the trans-Golgi network, the initiating site of SG biogenesis. Here, proinsulin and its constituents enter the SG where conditions are optimized for proinsulin processing into insulin and subsequent insulin storage. A healthy β-cell is continually generating SGs to supply insulin in vast excess to what is secreted. Conversely, in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the inability of failing β-cells to secrete may be due to the limited biosynthesis of new insulin. Factors that drive the formation and maturation of SGs and thus the production of insulin are therefore critical for systemic glucose control. Here, we detail the formative hours of the insulin SG from the luminal perspective. We do this by mapping the journey of individual members of the SG as they contribute to its genesis.
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Chu A, Zirngibl RA, Manolson MF. The V-ATPase a3 Subunit: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Potential of an Essential Biomolecule in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136934. [PMID: 34203247 PMCID: PMC8269383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one of the 16 proteins composing the V-ATPase complex responsible for resorbing bone: the a3 subunit. The rationale for focusing on this biomolecule is that mutations in this one protein account for over 50% of osteopetrosis cases, highlighting its critical role in bone physiology. Despite its essential role in bone remodeling and its involvement in bone diseases, little is known about the way in which this subunit is targeted and regulated within osteoclasts. To this end, this review is broadened to include the three other mammalian paralogues (a1, a2 and a4) and the two yeast orthologs (Vph1p and Stv1p). By examining the literature on all of the paralogues/orthologs of the V-ATPase a subunit, we hope to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and future research directions specific to a3. This review starts with an overview on bone, highlighting the role of V-ATPases in osteoclastic bone resorption. We then cover V-ATPases in other location/functions, highlighting the roles which the four mammalian a subunit paralogues might play in differential targeting and/or regulation. We review the ways in which the energy of ATP hydrolysis is converted into proton translocation, and go in depth into the diverse role of the a subunit, not only in proton translocation but also in lipid binding, cell signaling and human diseases. Finally, the therapeutic implication of targeting a3 specifically for bone diseases and cancer is discussed, with concluding remarks on future directions.
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Jaskolka MC, Tarsio M, Smardon AM, Khan MM, Kane PM. Defining steps in RAVE-catalyzed V-ATPase assembly using purified RAVE and V-ATPase subcomplexes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100703. [PMID: 33895134 PMCID: PMC8138766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved proton pump responsible for the acidification of intracellular organelles in virtually all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPases are regulated by the rapid and reversible disassembly of the peripheral V1 domain from the integral membrane Vo domain, accompanied by release of the V1 C subunit from both domains. Efficient reassembly of V-ATPases requires the Regulator of the H+-ATPase of Vacuoles and Endosomes (RAVE) complex in yeast. Although a number of pairwise interactions between RAVE and V-ATPase subunits have been mapped, the low endogenous levels of the RAVE complex and lethality of constitutive RAV1 overexpression have hindered biochemical characterization of the intact RAVE complex. We describe a novel inducible overexpression system that allows purification of native RAVE and RAVE–V1 complexes. Both purified RAVE and RAVE–V1 contain substoichiometric levels of subunit C. RAVE–V1 binds tightly to expressed subunit C in vitro, but binding of subunit C to RAVE alone is weak. Neither RAVE nor RAVE–V1 interacts with the N-terminal domain of Vo subunit Vph1 in vitro. RAVE–V1 complexes, like isolated V1, have no MgATPase activity, suggesting that RAVE cannot reverse V1 inhibition generated by rotation of subunit H and entrapment of MgADP that occur upon disassembly. However, purified RAVE can accelerate reassembly of V1 carrying a mutant subunit H incapable of inhibition with Vo complexes reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs, consistent with its catalytic activity in vivo. These results provide new insights into the possible order of events in V-ATPase reassembly and the roles of the RAVE complex in each event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jaskolka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Maureen Tarsio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anne M Smardon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Md Murad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Chadwick SR, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. From the inside out: Ion fluxes at the centre of endocytic traffic. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:77-86. [PMID: 33706237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic traffic is a complex and elegant operation involving cargo sorting, membrane budding and tubulation, generation of force, and the formation of organellar contacts. The role of specific proteins and lipids in these processes has been studied extensively. By comparison, precious little is understood about the contribution of the endocytic fluid to these events, despite much evidence that alteration of the contents can severely affect membrane traffic along the endocytic pathway. In particular, it has long been appreciated that dissipation of ionic gradients arrests endosome-to-lysosome maturation. How cells sense inorganic ions and transmit this information have remained largely enigmatic. Herein, we review the experimental findings that reveal an intimate association between luminal ions, their transport, and endocytic traffic. We then discuss the ionic sensors and the mechanisms proposed to convert ion concentrations into protein-based trafficking events, highlighting the current paucity of convincing explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Kuk MU, Lee YH, Kim JW, Hwang SY, Park JT, Park SC. Potential Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disease through Modulation of the Mitochondrial-Lysosomal Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020420. [PMID: 33671306 PMCID: PMC7921977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiency in lysosomes. Some treatments for LSD can slow progression, but there are no effective treatments to restore the pathological phenotype to normal levels. Lysosomes and mitochondria interact with each other, and this crosstalk plays a role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD impairs the turnover of mitochondrial defects, leading to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Cells with MRC impairment are associated with reduced lysosomal calcium homeostasis, resulting in impaired autophagic and endolysosomal function. This malicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria exacerbates LSD. In this review, we assess the interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes and propose the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis as a research target to treat LSD. The importance of the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis has been systematically characterized in several studies, suggesting that proper regulation of this axis represents an important investigative guide for the development of therapeutics for LSD. Therefore, studying the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis will not only add knowledge of the essential physiological processes of LSD, but also provide new strategies for treatment of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Su Young Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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48
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Liu J, Huang Y, Li T, Jiang Z, Zeng L, Hu Z. The role of the Golgi apparatus in disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:38. [PMID: 33537825 PMCID: PMC7891830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is known to underpin many important cellular homeostatic functions, including trafficking, sorting and modifications of proteins or lipids. These functions are dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases, and the number of disease-related genes associated with Golgi apparatus is on the increase. Recently, many studies have suggested that the mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins can trigger the occurrence of diseases. By summarizing the pathogenesis of these genetic diseases, it was found that most of these diseases have defects in membrane trafficking. Such defects typically result in mislocalization of proteins, impaired glycosylation of proteins, and the accumulation of undegraded proteins. In the present review, we aim to understand the patterns of mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins and decipher the interplay between Golgi resident proteins and membrane trafficking pathway in cells. Furthermore, the detection of Golgi resident protein in human serum samples has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases, and its central role in membrane trafficking pathways provides possible targets for disease therapy. Thus, we also introduced the clinical value of Golgi apparatus in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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49
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Daniloski Z, Jordan TX, Wessels HH, Hoagland DA, Kasela S, Legut M, Maniatis S, Mimitou EP, Lu L, Geller E, Danziger O, Rosenberg BR, Phatnani H, Smibert P, Lappalainen T, tenOever BR, Sanjana NE. Identification of Required Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells. Cell 2021; 184:92-105.e16. [PMID: 33147445 PMCID: PMC7584921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screen to identify host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of human alveolar epithelial cells. Top-ranked genes cluster into distinct pathways, including the vacuolar ATPase proton pump, Retromer, and Commander complexes. We validate these gene targets using several orthogonal methods such as CRISPR knockout, RNA interference knockdown, and small-molecule inhibitors. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify shared transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis upon loss of top-ranked genes. In addition, given the key role of the ACE2 receptor in the early stages of viral entry, we show that loss of RAB7A reduces viral entry by sequestering the ACE2 receptor inside cells. Overall, this work provides a genome-scale, quantitative resource of the impact of the loss of each host gene on fitness/response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharko Daniloski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan X Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Hermann Wessels
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mateusz Legut
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eleni P Mimitou
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Geller
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oded Danziger
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Wang C, Zhang M, Garcia G, Tian E, Cui Q, Chen X, Sun G, Wang J, Arumugaswami V, Shi Y. ApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:331-342.e5. [PMID: 33450186 PMCID: PMC7832490 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ApoE4, a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease, has been associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether ApoE4 alters COVID-19 susceptibility or severity, and the role of direct viral infection in brain cells remains obscure. We tested the neurotropism of SARS-CoV2 in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models and observed low-grade infection of neurons and astrocytes that is boosted in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures and organoids. We then generated isogenic ApoE3/3 and ApoE4/4 hiPSCs and found an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ApoE4/4 neurons and astrocytes. ApoE4 astrocytes exhibited enlarged size and elevated nuclear fragmentation upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we show that remdesivir treatment inhibits SARS-CoV2 infection of hiPSC neurons and astrocytes. These findings suggest that ApoE4 may play a causal role in COVID-19 severity. Understanding how risk factors impact COVID-19 susceptibility and severity will help us understand the potential long-term effects in different patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - E Tian
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qi Cui
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xianwei Chen
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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