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Parvin A, Erabi G, Alemi A, Rezanezhad A, Maleksabet A, Sadeghpour S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H. Seminal plasma proteomics as putative biomarkers for male infertility diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119757. [PMID: 38857670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility represents a significant global public health issue that is currently emerging as a prominent research focus. Presently, laboratories adhere to the guidelines outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) manuals for conducting routine semen analysis to diagnose male infertility. However, the accuracy of results in predicting sperm quality and fertility is limited because some individuals with a normal semen analysis report, an unremarkable medical history, and a physical examination may still experience infertility. As a result, the importance of employing more advanced techniques to investigate sperm function and male fertility in the treatment of male infertility and/or subfertility becomes apparent. The standard test for evaluating human semen has been improved by more complex tests that look at things like reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA fragmentation levels, DNA compaction, apoptosis, genetic testing, and the presence and location of anti-sperm antibodies. Recent discoveries of novel biomarkers have significantly enriched our understanding of male fertility. Moreover, the notable biological diversity among samples obtained from the same individual complicates the efficacy of routine semen analysis. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in fertilization is pivotal in expanding our understanding of factors contributing to male infertility. By understanding how these proteins work and what role they play in sperm activity, we can look at the expression profile in men who can't have children to find diagnostic biomarkers. This review examines the various sperm and seminal plasma proteins associated with infertility, as well as proteins that are either deficient or exhibit aberrant expression, potentially contributing to male infertility causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Parvin
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Alemi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arman Rezanezhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Hu Q, Wang Y, Wang C, Yan X. Comparative Proteome Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles from Three Growth Phases of Haematococcus pluvialis under High Light and Sodium Acetate Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5421. [PMID: 38791459 PMCID: PMC11121785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles involved in intercellular communications that intrinsically possess many attributes as a modern drug delivery platform. Haematococcus pluvialis-derived EVs (HpEVs) can be potentially exploited as a high-value-added bioproduct during astaxanthin production. The encapsulation of HpEV cargo is a crucial key for the determination of their biological functions and therapeutic potentials. However, little is known about the composition of HpEVs, limiting insights into their biological properties and application characteristics. This study examined the protein composition of HpEVs from three growth phases of H. pluvialis grown under high light (350 µmol·m-2·s-1) and sodium acetate (45 mM) stresses. A total of 2038 proteins were identified, the majority of which were associated with biological processes including signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and the cell response to stress. Comparative analysis indicated that H. pluvialis cells sort variant proteins into HpEVs at different physiological states. It was revealed that HpEVs from the early growth stage of H. pluvialis contain more proteins associated with cellular functions involved in primary metabolite, cell division, and cellular energy metabolism, while HpEVs from the late growth stage of H. pluvialis were enriched in proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and secondary metabolism. This is the first study to report and compare the protein composition of HpEVs from different growth stages of H. pluvialis, providing important information on the development and production of functional microalgal-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
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Chaya T, Banerjee A, Rutter BD, Adekanye D, Ross J, Hu G, Innes RW, Caplan JL. The extracellular vesicle proteomes of Sorghum bicolor and Arabidopsis thaliana are partially conserved. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1481-1497. [PMID: 38048422 PMCID: PMC10904328 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound organelles involved mainly in intercellular communications and defense responses against pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of proteins, nucleic acids including small RNAs, and lipids along with other metabolites in plant EVs. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of EVs from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, and cryo-electron tomography showed the presence of a heterogeneous population of EVs isolated from the apoplastic wash of sorghum leaves. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that EVs had a median size of 110 nm and distinct populations of vesicles with single or multiple lipid bilayers and low or high amounts of contents. The heterogeneity was further supported by data showing that only a subset of EVs that were stained with a membrane dye, Potomac Gold, were also stained with the membrane-permeant esterase-dependent dye, calcein acetoxymethyl ester. Proteomic analysis identified 437 proteins that were enriched in multiple EV isolations, with the majority of these also found in the EV proteome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These data suggest a partial conservation of EV contents and function between the monocot, sorghum, and a distantly related eudicot, Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Chaya
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Aparajita Banerjee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Brian D Rutter
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Deji Adekanye
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jean Ross
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Guobin Hu
- The Laboratory for Biomolecular Structures, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Roger W Innes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Caplan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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4
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Schaubmayr W, Hochreiter B, Hunyadi-Gulyas E, Riegler L, Schmidt K, Tiboldi A, Moser B, Klein KU, Krenn K, Scharbert G, Mohr T, Schmid JA, Spittler A, Tretter V. The Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelium Reveals Impact of Oxygen Conditions on Biotrauma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2415. [PMID: 38397093 PMCID: PMC10889365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung can experience different oxygen concentrations, low as in hypoxia, high as under supplemental oxygen therapy, or oscillating during intermittent hypoxia as in obstructive sleep apnea or intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia due to cyclic atelectasis in the ventilated patient. This study aimed to characterize the oxygen-condition-specific protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro to decipher their potential role in biotrauma using quantitative proteomics with bioinformatic evaluation, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and non-activated thromboelastometry (NATEM). The release of vesicles enriched in markers CD9/CD63/CD81 was enhanced under intermittent hypoxia, strong hyperoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia. Particles with exposed phosphatidylserine were increased under intermittent hypoxia. A small portion of vesicles were tissue factor-positive, which was enhanced under intermittent hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia. EVs from treatment with intermittent hypoxia induced a significant reduction of Clotting Time in NATEM analysis compared to EVs isolated after normoxic exposure, while after intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia, tissue factor in EVs seems to be inactive. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that EVs from individual oxygen conditions potentially induce different biological processes such as an inflammatory response under strong hyperoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia and enhancement of tumor invasiveness under intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schaubmayr
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Beatrix Hochreiter
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Eva Hunyadi-Gulyas
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Louise Riegler
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Akos Tiboldi
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus U. Klein
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Katharina Krenn
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Gisela Scharbert
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Verena Tretter
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
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Rifes P, Isaksson M, Rusimbi C, Ramón Santonja A, Nelander J, Laurell T, Kirkeby A. Identifying secreted biomarkers of dopaminergic ventral midbrain progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:354. [PMID: 38072935 PMCID: PMC10712201 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to replace endogenously lost dopamine neurons and are currently in preclinical and clinical development for treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, one main challenge in the quality control of the cells is that rostral and caudal VM progenitors are extremely similar transcriptionally though only the caudal VM cells give rise to dopaminergic (DA) neurons with functionality relevant for cell replacement in PD. Therefore, it is critical to develop assays which can rapidly and reliably discriminate rostral from caudal VM cells during clinical manufacturing. METHODS We performed shotgun proteomics on cell culture supernatants from rostral and caudal VM progenitor cells to search for novel secreted biomarkers specific to DA progenitors from the caudal VM. Key hits were validated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS We identified and validated novel secreted markers enriched in caudal VM progenitor cultures (CPE, LGI1 and PDGFC), and found these markers to correlate strongly with the expression of EN1, which is a predictive marker for successful graft outcome in DA cell transplantation products. Other markers (CNTN2 and CORIN) were found to conversely be enriched in the non-dopaminergic rostral VM cultures. Key novel ELISA markers were further validated on supernatant samples from GMP-manufactured caudal VM batches. CONCLUSION As a non-invasive in-process quality control test for predicting correctly patterned batches of caudal VM DA cells during clinical manufacturing, we propose a dual ELISA panel measuring LGI1/CORIN ratios around day 16 of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rifes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine - reNEW, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers Väg 3, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC-B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC-B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rusimbi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrián Ramón Santonja
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny Nelander
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC-B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers Väg 3, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine - reNEW, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC-B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC-B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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6
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Nair S, Nova-Lamperti E, Labarca G, Kulasinghe A, Short KR, Carrión F, Salomon C. Genomic communication via circulating extracellular vesicles and long-term health consequences of COVID-19. J Transl Med 2023; 21:709. [PMID: 37817137 PMCID: PMC10563316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 continues to affect an unprecedented number of people with the emergence of new variants posing a serious challenge to global health. There is an expansion of knowledge in understanding the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the impact of the acute disease on multiple organs. In addition, growing evidence reports that the impact of COVID-19 on different organs persists long after the recovery phase of the disease, leading to long-term consequences of COVID-19. These long-term consequences involve pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary sequelae of the disease. Noteably, recent research has shown a potential association between COVID-19 and change in the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are vesicles released by cells and play an important role in cell communication by transfer of bioactive molecules between cells. Emerging evidence shows a strong link between EVs and their molecular cargo, and regulation of metabolism in health and disease. This review focuses on current knowledge about EVs and their potential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, their current and future implications as tools for biomarker and therapeutic development and their possible effects on long-term impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Liu YK, Wu X, Hadisurya M, Li L, Kaimakliotis H, Iliuk A, Tao WA. One-Pot Analytical Pipeline for Efficient and Sensitive Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3301-3310. [PMID: 37702715 PMCID: PMC10897859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomics emerges as an effective tool for discovering potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutics. However, the current workflow of mass spectrometry-based EV proteome analysis is not fully compatible in a clinical setting due to inefficient EV isolation methods and a tedious sample preparation process. To streamline and improve the efficiency of EV proteome analysis, here we introduce a one-pot analytical pipeline integrating a robust EV isolation approach, EV total recovery and purification (EVtrap), with in situ protein sample preparation, to detect urinary EV proteome. By incorporating solvent-driven protein capture and fast on-bead digestion, the one-pot pipeline enabled the whole EV proteome analysis to be completed within one day. In comparison with the existing workflow, the one-pot pipeline was able to obtain better peptide yield and identify the equivalent number of unique EV proteins from 1 mL of urine. Finally, we applied the one-pot pipeline to profile proteomes in urinary EVs of bladder cancer patients. A total of 2774 unique proteins were identified in 53 urine samples using a 15 min gradient library-free data-independent acquisition method. Taken altogether, our novel one-pot analytical pipeline demonstrated its potential for routine and robust EV proteomics in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Marco Hadisurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Li Li
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Hristos Kaimakliotis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Ganesh S, Lam TT, Garcia-Milian R, D’Souza D, Nairn AC, Elgert K, Eitan E, Ranganathan M. Peripheral signature of altered synaptic integrity in young onset cannabis use disorder: A proteomic study of circulating extracellular vesicles. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:603-613. [PMID: 36994633 PMCID: PMC10471733 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2197039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) are highest amongst young adults. Paucity of brain tissue samples limits the ability to examine the molecular basis of cannabis related neuropathology. Proteomic studies of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEs) isolated from the biofluids may reveal markers of neuropathology in CUD. METHODS NDEs were extracted using ExoSORT, an immunoaffinity method to enrich NDEs from plasma samples from patients with young onset CUD and matched controls. Differential proteomic profiles were explored with Label Free Quantification (LFQ) mass spectrometry. Selected proteins were validated using orthogonal methods. RESULTS A total of 231 (±10) proteins were identified in NDE preparations from CUD and controls of which 28 were differentially abundant between groups. The difference in abundance of properdin (CFP gene) was statistically significant. SHANK1 (SHANK1 gene), an adapter protein at the post-synaptic density, was nominally depleted in the CUD NDE preparations. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we noted a decrease in SHANK1 protein, involved in the structural and functional integrity of glutamatergic post-synapse, a potential peripheral signature of CUD neuropathology. The study shows that LFQ mass spectrometry proteomic analysis of NDEs derived from plasma may yield important insights into the synaptic pathology associated with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - TuKiet T. Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
- Keck Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Deepak D’Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | | | | | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
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9
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Martins ÁM, Lopes TM, Diniz F, Pires J, Osório H, Pinto F, Freitas D, Reis CA. Differential Protein and Glycan Packaging into Extracellular Vesicles in Response to 3D Gastric Cancer Cellular Organization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300588. [PMID: 37340602 PMCID: PMC10460857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of the glycosylation machinery are common events in cancer, leading to the synthesis of aberrant glycan structures by tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a modulatory role in cancer communication and progression, and interestingly, several tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs. Nevertheless, the impact of 3D tumor architecture in the selective packaging of cellular glycans into EVs has never been addressed. In this work, the capacity of gastric cancer cell lines with differential glycosylation is evaluated in producing and releasing EVs when cultured under conventional 2D monolayer or in 3D culture conditions. Furthermore, the proteomic content is identified and specific glycans are studied in the EVs produced by these cells, upon differential spatial organization. Here, it is observed that although the proteome of the analyzed EVs is mostly conserved, an EV differential packaging of specific proteins and glycans is found. In addition, protein-protein interaction and pathway analysis reveal individual signatures on the EVs released by 2D- and 3D-cultured cells, suggesting distinct biological functions. These protein signatures also show a correlation with clinical data. Overall, this data highlight the importance of tumor cellular architecture when assessing the cancer-EV cargo and its biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro M. Martins
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS)University of PortoR. Jorge de Viterbo FerreiraPorto4050-313Portugal
| | - Tânia M. Lopes
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
| | - Francisca Diniz
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS)University of PortoR. Jorge de Viterbo FerreiraPorto4050-313Portugal
| | - José Pires
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoAlameda Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200-319Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoAlameda Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200-319Portugal
| | - Filipe Pinto
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
| | - Daniela Freitas
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S‐Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoRua Alfredo Allen 208Porto4200-135Portugal
- IPATIMUP‐Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoRua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45Porto4200-135Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS)University of PortoR. Jorge de Viterbo FerreiraPorto4050-313Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoAlameda Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200-319Portugal
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10
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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11
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Yang H, Zhang H, Gu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zen K, Li D. Comparative Analyses of Human Exosome Proteomes. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0. [PMID: 36892742 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are responsible for cell-to-cell communication and serves as a valuable drug delivery vehicle. However, exosome heterogeneity, non-standardized isolation methods and proteomics/bioinformatics approaches limit its clinical applications. To better understand exosome heterogeneity, biological function and molecular mechanism of its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, techniques in proteomics or bioinformatics were applied to investigate human embryonic kidney cell (293T cell line)-derived exosome proteome and enable an integrative comparison of exosomal proteins and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of eleven exosome proteomes extracted from diverse human samples, including 293T (two datasets), dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, thymic epithelial primary cell, breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), patient neuroblastoma cell, plasma, saliva, serum and urine. Mapping of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake-related proteins onto exosome proteomes highlights exosomal origin-specific routes of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake and exosome-dependent intercellular communication. The finding provides insight into comparative exosome proteomes and its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, and potentially contributes to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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12
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yi YW. Therapeutic Implications of the Drug Resistance Conferred by Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043704. [PMID: 36835116 PMCID: PMC9960576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance is a significant impediment in current cancer treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells were recently acknowledged as a critical mechanism of drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. EVs are enveloped vesicles comprising a lipid bilayer that transfers various cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, from an originating cell to a recipient cell. Investigating the mechanisms whereby EVs confer drug resistance is still in the early stages. In this review, I analyze the roles of EVs derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC-EVs) in anticancer drug resistance and discuss strategies to overcome TNBC-EV-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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14
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Pham QN, Winter M, Milanova V, Young C, Condina MR, Hoffmann P, Pham NTH, Tung TT, Losic D, Thierry B. Magnetic enrichment of immuno-specific extracellular vesicles for mass spectrometry using biofilm-derived iron oxide nanowires. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1236-1247. [PMID: 36541661 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-specific enrichment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can provide important information into cellular pathways underpinning various pathologies and for non-invasive diagnostics, including mass spectrometry-based analyses. Herein, we report an optimised protocol for immuno-magnetic enrichment of specific EV subtypes and their subsequent processing with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Specifically, we conjugated placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) antibodies to magnetic iron oxide nanowires (NWs) derived from bacterial biofilms and demonstrated the utility of this approach by enriching placenta-specific EVs (containing PLAP) from cell culture media. We demonstrate efficient PLAP+ve EV enrichment for both NW-PLAP and Dynabeads™-PLAP, with high PLAP protein recovery (83.7 ± 8.9% and 83.2 ± 5.9%, respectively), high particle-to-protein ratio (7.5 ± 0.7 × 109 and 7.1 ± 1.2 × 109, respectively), and low non-specific binding of non-target EVs (7 ± 3.2% and 5.4 ± 2.2%, respectively). Furthermore, our optimized EV enrichment and processing approach identified 2518 and 2545 protein groups with LC-MS/MS for NW-PLAP and Dynabead™-PLAP, respectively, with excellent reproducibility (Pearson correlation 0.986 and 0.988). These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring iron oxide NWs have comparable performance to current gold standard immune-magnetic beads. The optimized immuno-specific EV enrichment for LC-MS/MS method provides a low-cost and highly-scalable yet efficient, high-throughput approach for quality EV proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Nghia Pham
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Marnie Winter
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Valentina Milanova
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Clifford Young
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Mark R Condina
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nguyen T H Pham
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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15
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Rayamajhi S, Sulthana S, Ferrel C, Shrestha TB, Aryal S. Extracellular vesicles production and proteomic cargo varies with incubation time and temperature. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113454. [PMID: 36584743 PMCID: PMC9878443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous populations of proteolipid bi-layered vesicles secreted by cells as an important biological process. EVs cargo can reflect the cellular environmental conditions in which cells grow. The use of serum-free conditioned media to harvest EVs leads to stress-mediated cellular changes with longer incubation time and impacts EV production and functionality. This study aims to explore the role of incubation time and temperature on EV production and proteomic cargo. For this purpose, an optimized ultrafiltration-size exclusion chromatography-based technique is developed, which isolates small EVs ranging from 130 to 220 nm. The result shows higher EVs production in cancerous cells (K7M2) compared to noncancerous cells (NIH/3T3), which increases with longer incubation time and elevated temperature. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic characterization of EVs showed incubation time and temperature-dependent proteomic profile. A set of enriched EV proteins were identified in EVs isolated at nutrient-stress (72 h incubation time) and heat-stress (40 °C incubation temperature) environment. Enrichment of Serpinb1a in EVs isolated in heat stress was further validated via immunoblot. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that enriched EV proteins following nutrient stress were involved in negative regulation of transcription, response to oxidative stress, and protein folding. Likewise, enriched EV proteins following heat stress were involved in oxaloacetate and aspartate metabolism, and glutamate catabolic process. EVs isolated under nutrient stress showed pro-proliferative activity whereas EVs isolated under heat stress showed anti-proliferative activity. Our results show that incubation time and temperature can alter EV production, its proteomic cargo, and functionality, which can be used to design need-based standard isolation parameters for reproducible EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Shoukath Sulthana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler. W.T. Brookshire Hall 370, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Colin Ferrel
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Tej B Shrestha
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler. W.T. Brookshire Hall 370, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA.
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16
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Ortega-Sanchez FG, Teresa V, Widmann T, Regiart M, Jerez-Salcedo MT, Fernández-Baldo MA, de Miguel-Perez D. Microfluidic systems in extracellular vesicles single analysis. A systematic review. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Roy R, Lorca C, Mulet M, Sánchez Milán JA, Baratas A, de la Casa M, Espinet C, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Altered ureido protein modification profiles in seminal plasma extracellular vesicles of non-normozoospermic men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113824. [PMID: 37033249 PMCID: PMC10073716 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as key players in numerous physiological functions. These vesicles alter their compositions attuned to the health and disease states of the organism. In men, significant changes in the proteomic composition(s) of seminal plasma EVs (sEVs) have already been found to be related to infertility. METHODS Methods: In this study, we analyze the posttranslational configuration of sEV proteomes from normozoospermic (NZ) men and non-normozoospermic (non-NZ) men diagnosed with teratozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia by unbiased, discovery-driven proteomics and advanced bioinformatics, specifically focusing on citrulline (Cit) and homocitrulline (hCit) posttranscriptional residues, both considered product of ureido protein modifications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Significant increase in the proteome-wide cumulative presence of hCit together with downregulation of Cit in specific proteins related to decisive molecular functions have been encountered in sEVs of non-NZ subjects. These findings identify novel culprits with a higher chance of affecting fundamental aspects of sperm functional quality and define potential specific diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive markers for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Roy
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Milán
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alejandro Baratas
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés de la Casa
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- GINEFIV, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Espinet
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
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18
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Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:153-166. [PMID: 36399151 PMCID: PMC9849294 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are formed by two invaginations of the plasma membrane and can be released by all eukaryotic cells. Because of their bioactive contents, including nucleic acids and proteins, exosomes can activate a variety of functions in their recipient cells. Due to the plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions, exosomes have received a lot of attention from researchers over the past few years. However, there is still no consensus regarding isolation and characterization protocols of exosomes and their subtypes. This heterogeneity poses a lot of methodical challenges but also offers new clinical opportunities simultaneously. So far, exosome-based research is still mostly limited to preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials since the translation of experimental findings remains difficult. Exosomes could potentially play an important role as future diagnostic and prognostic agents and might also be part of the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, they have previously been investigated in a variety of nephrological and urological conditions such as acute kidney injury or prostate cancer.
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19
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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20
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Proteomic profiling of exosomes in a mouse model of Candida albicans endophthalmitis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113222. [PMID: 35618014 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, and pathophysiological functions. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of exosomal proteome derived from C. albicans infected mice (C57BL/6) eyeball. Exosomes were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering and western blot, quantified and subjected to LC-MS/MS and cytokine quantification by ELISA. The average size of exosomes was 170-200 nm with number of exosomes amounted to 1.42 × 1010 in infected set compared to control (1.24 × 109). Western blot was positive for CD9, CD63 and CD81 confirming the presence of exosomes. IL-6, IL1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were significantly elevated in infected eye at 72 h.p.i. Proteomic analysis identified 42 differentially expressed proteins, of these 37 were upregulated and 5 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) revealed enrichment of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton organization, and cellular response proteins such as aquaporin-5, gasdermin-A, CD5 antigen-like, Catenin, V-ATPase, and vesicle associated protein. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the association of metabolic and carbon signalling pathways with exosomes from C. albicans infected eye. The protein cargo in exosomes released during endophthalmitis with C. albicans seems to play a unique role in the pathogenesis of the disease and further validations with larger cohort of patients is required to confirm them as biomarkers. .
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21
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Pane K, Quintavalle C, Nuzzo S, Ingenito F, Roscigno G, Affinito A, Scognamiglio I, Pattanayak B, Gallo E, Accardo A, Thomas G, Minic Z, Berezovski MV, Franzese M, Condorelli G. Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Secreted Extracellular Vesicles from Breast Fibroadenoma and Malignant Lesions: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073989. [PMID: 35409352 PMCID: PMC8999736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttle proteins, RNA, DNA, and lipids crucial for cell-to-cell communication. Recent findings have highlighted that EVs, by virtue of their cargo, may also contribute to breast cancer (BC) growth and metastatic dissemination. Indeed, EVs are gaining great interest as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. However, little is known about the biological and physical properties of EVs from malignant BC lesions, and even less is understood about EVs from non-malignant lesions, such as breast fibroadenoma (FAD), which are clinically managed using conservative approaches. Thus, for this pilot study, we attempted to purify and explore the proteomic profiles of EVs from benign breast lesions, HER2+ BCs, triple–negative BCs (TNBCs), and continuous BC cell lines (i.e., BT-549, MCF–10A, and MDA-MB-231), combining experimental and semi-quantitative approaches. Of note, proteome-wide analyses showed 49 common proteins across EVs harvested from FAD, HER2+ BCs, TNBCs, and model BC lines. This is the first feasibility study evaluating the physicochemical composition and proteome of EVs from benign breast cells and primary and immortalized BC cells. Our preliminary results hold promise for possible implications in precision medicine for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pane
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (K.P.); (S.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Silvia Nuzzo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (K.P.); (S.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Francesco Ingenito
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, The Netherlands; (F.I.); (G.R.); (A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, The Netherlands; (F.I.); (G.R.); (A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, The Netherlands; (F.I.); (G.R.); (A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Iolanda Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Birlipta Pattanayak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Enrico Gallo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (K.P.); (S.N.); (E.G.)
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Guglielmo Thomas
- Breast Unit Clinica Mediterranea, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio 2, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Zoran Minic
- John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Maxim V. Berezovski
- John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Monica Franzese
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (K.P.); (S.N.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 15, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.S.); (B.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.C.)
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22
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Nanomechanical characterization of exosomes and concomitant nanoparticles from blood plasma by PeakForce AFM in liquid. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Correll VL, Otto JJ, Risi CM, Main BP, Boutros PC, Kislinger T, Galkin VE, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Yang L. Optimization of small extracellular vesicle isolation from expressed prostatic secretions in urine for in-depth proteomic analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12184. [PMID: 35119778 PMCID: PMC8815402 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation and subsequent molecular analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from patient samples is a widely used strategy to understand vesicle biology and to facilitate biomarker discovery. Expressed prostatic secretions in urine are a tumor proximal fluid that has received significant attention as a source of potential prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers for use in liquid biopsy protocols. Standard EV isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) co-isolate protein contaminants that mask lower-abundance proteins in typical mass spectrometry (MS) protocols. Further complicating the analysis of expressed prostatic secretions, uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), is present at high concentrations in urine. THP can form polymers that entrap EVs during purification, reducing yield. Disruption of THP polymer networks with dithiothreitol (DTT) can release trapped EVs, but smaller THP fibres co-isolate with EVs during subsequent ultracentrifugation. To resolve these challenges, we describe here a dUC method that incorporates THP polymer reduction and alkaline washing to improve EV isolation and deplete both THP and other common protein contaminants. When applied to human expressed prostatic secretions in urine, we achieved relative enrichment of known prostate and prostate cancer-associated EV-resident proteins. Our approach provides a promising strategy for global proteomic analyses of urinary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Correll
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Joseph J. Otto
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Cristina M. Risi
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian P. Main
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Precision HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Vitold E. Galkin
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - O. John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Lifang Yang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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24
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Yu L, Liu M, Xu S, Wang Z, Liu T, Zhou J, Zhang D, Dong X, Pan B, Wang B, Liu S, Guo W. Follicular fluid steroid and gonadotropic hormone levels and mitochondrial function from exosomes predict embryonic development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1025523. [PMID: 36440207 PMCID: PMC9682035 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human follicular fluid (FF) is a complex biological fluid that contributes to the micro-environment of oocyte development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of steroid and gonadotropic hormones levels and mitochondrial function in embryo development during in vitro fertilization cycles. METHODS This was a cohort study of 138 women receiving IVF/ICSI, including 136 FF samples from 109 infertile women. FF steroid and gonadotropic hormones levels were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and immunoassays. The mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex genes from FF exosomes were detected by qPCR. RESULTS Analysis of these individual FF concentrations revealed that LH and FSH concentrations were higher in follicles in which the oocyte developed into a top quality (TQ) blastocyst (LH: 9.44 ± 2.32mIU/ml, FSH: 9.32 ± 1.01mIU/ml) than those in which there was a failure of fertilization (LH: 5.30 ± 0.84mIU/ml, FSH: 6.91 ± 0.62mIU/ml). In contrast, follicular cortisone concentrations were lower for oocytes that resulted in a TQ blastocyst (12.20 ± 0.82mIU/ml). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that FF LH and FSH levels predicted TQ blastocyst with excellent AUC value of 0.711 and 0.747. Mitochondrial ETC complex I and III mRNA levels were increased in the FF exosomes of TQ blastocyst. Correlation analysis showed that mRNA levels of ETC complex I was positively correlated with LH and FSH levels in FF. CONCLUSION The levels of FF steroid and gonadotropic hormones from single follicle can predetermine subsequent embryo development to some extent. Furthermore, impaired exosome mitochondrial dysfunction is a potiential event that causes hormone change in embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiji Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaye Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo, ; Suying Liu, ; Beili Wang,
| | - Suying Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo, ; Suying Liu, ; Beili Wang,
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo, ; Suying Liu, ; Beili Wang,
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25
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Holcar M, Kandušer M, Lenassi M. Blood Nanoparticles - Influence on Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773844. [PMID: 34867406 PMCID: PMC8635996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is a rich source of disease biomarkers, which include extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanometer-to micrometer-sized spherical particles that are enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer and are secreted by most cell types. EVs reflect the physiological cell of origin in terms of their molecular composition and biophysical characteristics, and they accumulate in blood even when released from remote organs or tissues, while protecting their cargo from degradation. The molecular components (e.g., proteins, miRNAs) and biophysical characteristics (e.g., size, concentration) of blood EVs have been studied as biomarkers of cancers and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most biomarker studies do not address the problem of contaminants in EV isolates from blood plasma, and how these might affect downstream EV analysis. Indeed, nonphysiological EVs, protein aggregates, lipoproteins and viruses share many molecular and/or biophysical characteristics with EVs, and can therefore co-isolate with EVs from blood plasma. Consequently, isolation and downstream analysis of EVs from blood plasma remain a unique challenge, with important impacts on the outcomes of biomarker studies. To help improve rigor, reproducibility, and reliability of EV biomarker studies, we describe here the major contaminants of EV isolates from blood plasma, and we report on how different EV isolation methods affect their levels, and how contaminants that remain can affect the interpretation of downstream EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Holcar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Kandušer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Pauwels MJ, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Special delEVery: Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Delivery Platform to the Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1734. [PMID: 34829963 PMCID: PMC8615927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies is severely hampered by the presence of tightly regulated CNS barriers that restrict drug delivery to the brain. An increasing amount of data suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane derived vesicles that inherently protect and transfer biological cargoes between cells, naturally cross the CNS barriers. Moreover, EVs can be engineered with targeting ligands to obtain enriched tissue targeting and delivery capacities. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the literature describing a natural and engineered CNS targeting and therapeutic efficiency of different cell type derived EVs. Hereby, we specifically focus on peripheral administration routes in a broad range of CNS diseases. Furthermore, we underline the potential of research aimed at elucidating the vesicular transport mechanisms across the different CNS barriers. Finally, we elaborate on the practical considerations towards the application of EVs as a brain drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Thinking Quantitatively of RNA-Based Information Transfer via Extracellular Vesicles: Lessons to Learn for the Design of RNA-Loaded EVs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111931. [PMID: 34834346 PMCID: PMC8617734 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–1000 nm vesicles secreted by virtually any cell type in the body. They are expected to transfer information from one cell or tissue to another in a short- or long-distance way. RNA-based transfer of information via EVs at long distances is an interesting well-worn hypothesis which is ~15 years old. We review from a quantitative point of view the different facets of this hypothesis, ranging from natural RNA loading in EVs, EV pharmacokinetic modeling, EV targeting, endosomal escape and RNA delivery efficiency. Despite the unique intracellular delivery properties endowed by EVs, we show that the transfer of RNA naturally present in EVs might be limited in a physiological context and discuss the lessons we can learn from this example to design efficient RNA-loaded engineered EVs for biotherapies. We also discuss other potential EV mediated information transfer mechanisms, among which are ligand–receptor mechanisms.
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28
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Goudarzi F, Kiani A, Moradi M, Haghshenas B, Hashemnia M, Karami A, Mohammadalipour A. Intraprostatic injection of exosomes isolated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:1144-1154. [PMID: 34559469 DOI: 10.1002/term.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) own the capacity to secrete trophic factors as exosomes which play significant roles in regulating the functions of other cells and preventing inflammation. Due to the inflammatory process in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) and the ambiguity in the treatment of this disease, the present study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic use of adipose-derived MSC exosomes in an animal model of CNP. MSCs were first isolated from rat subcutaneous adipose tissue, and exosomes were extracted from them. Specific features of exosomes were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, western blot technique, and Dynamic Light Scattering methods. To establish CNP in rats, intraprostatic injection of Freund's complete adjuvant was done. After confirmation of prostatitis, intraprostatic injections of exosomes were performed for treatment. Histological evaluation revealed that treatment with exosomes resulted in a relative improvement of lesions caused by CNP. The expression of p-NF-κB and p-IκBα proteins along with inflammatory markers was significantly increased in the CNP group, which treatment with exosomes significantly reduced their expression as well as IL-1β and TNF-α proteins. The antioxidant effects of exosomes were also determined by significantly regulating glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in these animals. Our results cautiously suggest the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes against CNP-induced prostatitis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which should be further considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjam Goudarzi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Moradi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afshin Karami
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Thakur A, Ke X, Chen YW, Motallebnejad P, Zhang K, Lian Q, Chen HJ. The mini player with diverse functions: extracellular vesicles in cell biology, disease, and therapeutics. Protein Cell 2021; 13:631-654. [PMID: 34374936 PMCID: PMC9233731 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny biological nanovesicles ranging from approximately 30-1000 nm in diameter that are released into the extracellular matrix of most cell types and in biofluids. The classification of EVs includes exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, dependent on various factors such as size, markers, and biogenesis pathways. The transition of EV relevance from that of being assumed as a trash bag to be a key player in critical physiological and pathological conditions has been revolutionary in many ways. EVs have been recently revealed to play a crucial role in stem cell biology and cancer progression via intercellular communication, contributing to organ development and the progression of cancer. This review focuses on the significant research progress made so far in the role of the crosstalk between EVs and stem cells and their niche, and cellular communication among different germ layers in developmental biology. In addition, it discusses the role of EVs in cancer progression and their application as therapeutic agents or drug delivery vehicles. All such discoveries have been facilitated by tremendous technological advancements in EV-associated research, especially the microfluidics systems. Their pros and cons in the context of characterization of EVs are also extensively discussed in this review. This review also deliberates the role of EVs in normal cell processes and disease conditions, and their application as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Finally, we propose future perspectives for EV-related research in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Ke
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Pedram Motallebnejad
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. .,Prenatal Diagnostic Center and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. .,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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30
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Busso-Lopes AF, Carnielli CM, Winck FV, Patroni FMDS, Oliveira AK, Granato DC, E Costa RAP, Domingues RR, Pauletti BA, Riaño-Pachón DM, Aricetti J, Caldana C, Graner E, Coletta RD, Dryden K, Fox JW, Paes Leme AF. A Reductionist Approach Using Primary and Metastatic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Hub Proteins Associated with Oral Cancer Prognosis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100118. [PMID: 34186243 PMCID: PMC8350068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high mortality rates that are largely associated with lymph node metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive OSCC metastasis are unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles that play a role in intercellular communication and impact cancer development and progression. Thus, profiling EVs would be of great significance to decipher their role in OSCC metastasis. For that purpose, we used a reductionist approach to map the proteomic, miRNA, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles of EVs derived from human primary tumor (SCC-9) cells and matched lymph node metastatic (LN1) cells. Distinct omics profiles were associated with the metastatic phenotype, including 670 proteins, 217 miRNAs, 26 metabolites, and 63 lipids differentially abundant between LN1 cell– and SCC-9 cell–derived EVs. A multi-omics integration identified 11 ‘hub proteins’ significantly decreased at the metastatic site compared with primary tumor–derived EVs. We confirmed the validity of these findings with analysis of data from multiple public databases and found that low abundance of seven ‘hub proteins’ in EVs from metastatic lymph nodes (ALDH7A1, CAD, CANT1, GOT1, MTHFD1, PYGB, and SARS) is correlated with reduced survival and tumor aggressiveness in patients with cancer. In summary, this multi-omics approach identified proteins transported by EVs that are associated with metastasis and which may potentially serve as prognostic markers in OSCC. Proteomic, miRNA, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles were mapped in oral cancer EVs. The molecular profile of EVs was associated with the lymph node metastatic phenotype. A multi-omics integrative analysis revealed 11 highly connected ‘hub proteins.’ ‘Hub proteins’ from EVs are candidates as prognostic markers in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Fidelis Busso-Lopes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Vischi Winck
- Laboratório de Biologia de Sistemas Regulatórios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Malta de Sá Patroni
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Campos Granato
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rute Alves Pereira E Costa
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Romênia Ramos Domingues
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón
- Laboratório de Biologia de Sistemas Regulatórios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Aricetti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis - LNBR, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Edgard Graner
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Dryden
- Molecular Electron Microscopy Core, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jay William Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Coupling size exclusion chromatography to ultracentrifugation improves detection of exosomal proteins from human plasma by LC-MS. Pract Lab Med 2021; 26:e00241. [PMID: 34258353 PMCID: PMC8254000 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exosomes are small lipid bilayer vesicles that are defined by their endocytic origin and size range of 30–140 nm. They are constantly produced by different cell types, by both healthy and abnormal cells, and can be isolated from almost all body fluids. Little information exists in isolating exosomes from plasma due to the complexity of its content and the presence of contaminating plasma proteins. Design and methods We carried-out liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of plasma-derived vesicles from 4 healthy donors obtained by 2 coupled methodologies: Ultracentrifugation (UC) coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to isolate and subsequently enrich exosomes. We compared the proteins detected by UC alone and UC coupled with SEC. Results In the coupled UC + SEC methodology we found 52.25% more proteins enriched in exosomes as CD9, Annexins, YWHAZ (14-3-3 family) and others, than by using UC alone. There is also a reduction of 98.8% of contaminating plasma proteins by coupling UC and SEC in comparison to using UC alone. Conclusions We conclude that exosomes can be successfully isolated from plasma using a very simple combination of standard methods, which could largely improve the proteomics profiling of plasma exosomes. Isolating exosomes with the least possible contaminants is very important for their clinical application. Isolating exosomes from human plasma faces considerable challenges. There is no ideal single isolation technique until this date. Exosomes can be successfully isolated from plasma using a combination of Ultracentrifugation and SEC.
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Key Words
- AGO2, Argonaute protein
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Exosomes
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Human plasma
- ILVs, intraluminal vesicles
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- Mass spectrometry
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- Size-exclusion chromatography
- UC, ultracentrifugation
- Ultracentrifugation
- cfNAs, Cell-free nucleic acids
- ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Koh YQ, Ng DQ, Ng CC, Boey A, Wei M, Sze SK, Ho HK, Acharya M, Limoli CL, Chan A. Extracellular Vesicle Proteome of Breast Cancer Patients with and Without Cognitive Impairment Following Anthracycline-based Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211018204. [PMID: 34103887 PMCID: PMC8150437 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211018204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment due to cancer and its therapy is a major concern among cancer patients and survivors. Extracellular vesicle (EVs) composition altered by cancer and chemotherapy may affect neurological processes such as neuroplasticity, potentially impacting the cognitive abilities of cancer patients and survivors. We investigated the EV proteome of breast cancer patients with and without cognitive impairment following anthracycline-based chemotherapy from longitudinally collected plasma. EVs were cup-shaped and positive for Flotillin-1 and TSG-101. We identified 517 differentially expressed EV proteins between the cognitive impaired and non-impaired groups during and post-chemotherapy. The observed decreased expression of p2X purinoceptor, cofilin-1, ADAM 10, and dynamin-1 in the plasma EVs of the cognitive impaired group may suggest alterations in the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. The reduced expression of tight junction proteins among cognitive-impaired patients may imply weakening of the blood-brain barrier. These EV protein signatures may serve as a fingerprint that underscores the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in cancer patients and survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Quan Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chiu Chin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Boey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Munjal Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Yu L, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu T, Liu S, Wang B, Pan B, Dong X, Guo W. Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:74. [PMID: 34001150 PMCID: PMC8127216 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder with various manifestations and complex etiology. Follicular fluid (FF) serves as the complex microenvironment for follicular development. However, the correlation between the concentration of steroid in FF and the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. METHODS Twenty steroid levels in FF from ten patients with PCOS and ten women with male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to explore their possibly correlation with PCOS. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of core enzymes in steroid synthesis pathway from exosomes of FF were also detected by qPCR. RESULTS The estriol (p < 0.01), estradiol (p < 0.05) and prenenolone (p < 0.01) levels in FF of PCOS group were significantly increased, compared to the normal group, and the progesterone levels (p < 0.05) were decreased in PCOS group. Increased mRNA levels of CYP11A, CYP19A and HSD17B2 of exosomes were accompanied by the hormonal changes in FF. Correlation analysis showed that mRNA levels of CYP11A and HSD17B2 were negatively correlated with percent of top-quality embryos and rate of embryos develop to blastocyst. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased levels of estrogen and pregnenolone in follicular fluid may affect follicle development in PCOS patients, and the mechanism is partially related to HSD17B1, CYP19A1 and CYP11A1 expression change in FF exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 111 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 250 Xiao Mu Qiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 111 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Suying Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 250 Xiao Mu Qiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 111 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 111 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xi Dong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 250 Xiao Mu Qiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 111 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 668 Jin Hu Road, Xiamen, 361015, PR China.
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34
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Zamith-Miranda D, Peres da Silva R, Couvillion SP, Bredeweg EL, Burnet MC, Coelho C, Camacho E, Nimrichter L, Puccia R, Almeida IC, Casadevall A, Rodrigues ML, Alves LR, Nosanchuk JD, Nakayasu ES. Omics Approaches for Understanding Biogenesis, Composition and Functions of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles. Front Genet 2021; 12:648524. [PMID: 34012462 PMCID: PMC8126698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.648524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by organisms from all kingdoms of life. The diverse biogenesis pathways of EVs result in a wide variety of physical properties and functions across different organisms. Fungal EVs were first described in 2007 and different omics approaches have been fundamental to understand their composition, biogenesis, and function. In this review, we discuss the role of omics in elucidating fungal EVs biology. Transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics have each enabled the molecular characterization of fungal EVs, providing evidence that these structures serve a wide array of functions, ranging from key carriers of cell wall biosynthetic machinery to virulence factors. Omics in combination with genetic approaches have been instrumental in determining both biogenesis and cargo loading into EVs. We also discuss how omics technologies are being employed to elucidate the role of EVs in antifungal resistance, disease biomarkers, and their potential use as vaccines. Finally, we review recent advances in analytical technology and multi-omic integration tools, which will help to address key knowledge gaps in EVs biology and translate basic research information into urgently needed clinical applications such as diagnostics, and immuno- and chemotherapies to fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zamith-Miranda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Sneha P. Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Erin L. Bredeweg
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Meagan C. Burnet
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carolina Coelho
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Camacho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Puccia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Regulação da Expressão Gênica, Instituto Carlos Chagas-FIOCRUZ PR, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lysangela R. Alves
- Laboratório de Regulação da Expressão Gênica, Instituto Carlos Chagas-FIOCRUZ PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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35
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Parreira VDSC, Santos LGC, Rodrigues ML, Passetti F. ExVe: The knowledge base of orthologous proteins identified in fungal extracellular vesicles. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2286-2296. [PMID: 33995920 PMCID: PMC8102145 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-membrane particles associated with intercellular communication. Since the discovery of EV production in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, the importance of EV release in its physiology and pathogenicity has been investigated. To date, few studies have investigated the proteomic content of EVs from multiple fungal species. Our main objective was to use an orthology approach to compare proteins identified by EV shotgun proteomics in 8 pathogenic and 1 nonpathogenic species. Using protein information from the UniProt and FungiDB databases, we integrated data for 11,433 hits in fungal EVs with an orthology perspective, resulting in 3,834 different orthologous groups. OG6_100083 (Hsp70 Pfam domain) was the unique orthologous group that was identified for all fungal species. Proteins with this protein domain are associated with the stress response, survival and morphological changes in different fungal species. Although no pathogenic orthologous group was found, we identified 5 orthologous groups exclusive to S. cerevisiae. Using the criteria of at least 7 pathogenic fungi to define a cluster, we detected the 4 unique pathogenic orthologous groups. Taken together, our data suggest that Hsp70-related proteins might play a key role in fungal EVs, regardless of the pathogenic status. Using an orthology approach, we identified at least 4 protein domains that could be novel therapeutic targets against pathogenic fungi. Our results were compiled in the herein described ExVe database, which is publicly available at http://exve.icc.fiocruz.br.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, CEP 81350-010, Curitiba/PR, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Fabio Passetti
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, CEP 81350-010, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
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36
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Zhang J, Nguyen LTH, Hickey R, Walters N, Wang X, Kwak KJ, Lee LJ, Palmer AF, Reátegui E. Immunomagnetic sequential ultrafiltration (iSUF) platform for enrichment and purification of extracellular vesicles from biofluids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8034. [PMID: 33850163 PMCID: PMC8044115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumor cells have the potential to provide a much-needed source of non-invasive molecular biomarkers for liquid biopsies. However, current methods for EV isolation have limited specificity towards tumor-derived EVs that limit their clinical use. Here, we present an approach called immunomagnetic sequential ultrafiltration (iSUF) that consists of sequential stages of purification and enrichment of EVs in approximately 2 h. In iSUF, EVs present in different volumes of biofluids (0.5-100 mL) can be significantly enriched (up to 1000 times), with up to 99% removal of contaminating proteins (e.g., albumin). The EV recovery rate by iSUF for cell culture media (CCM), serum, and urine corresponded to 98.0% ± 3.6%, 96.0% ± 2.0% and 94.0% ± 1.9%, respectively (p > 0.05). The final step of iSUF enables the separation of tumor-specific EVs by incorporating immunomagnetic beads to target EV subpopulations. Serum from a cohort of clinical samples from metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy donors were processed by the iSUF platform and the isolated EVs from patients showed significantly higher expression levels of BC biomarkers (i.e., HER2, CD24, and miR21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Luong T H Nguyen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard Hickey
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole Walters
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kwang Joo Kwak
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - L James Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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37
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Broman A, Lenshof A, Evander M, Happonen L, Ku A, Malmström J, Laurell T. Multinodal Acoustic Trapping Enables High Capacity and High Throughput Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles and Microparticles in miRNA and MS Proteomics Studies. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3929-3937. [PMID: 33592145 PMCID: PMC8023533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a new design of an acoustophoretic trapping device with
significantly increased capacity and throughput, compared to current
commercial acoustic trapping systems. Acoustic trapping enables nanoparticle
and extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment without ultracentrifugation.
Current commercial acoustic trapping technology uses an acoustic single-node
resonance and typically operates at flow rates <50 μL/min,
which limits the processing of the larger samples. Here, we use a
larger capillary that supports an acoustic multinode resonance, which
increased the seed particle capacity 40 times and throughput 25–40
times compared to single-node systems. The resulting increase in capacity
and throughput was demonstrated by isolation of nanogram amounts of
microRNA from acoustically trapped urinary EVs within 10 min. Additionally,
the improved trapping performance enabled isolation of extracellular
vesicles for downstream mass spectrometry analysis. This was demonstrated
by the differential protein abundance profiling of urine samples (1–3
mL), derived from the non-trapped versus trapped urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Broman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anson Ku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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38
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Yildizhan Y, Vajrala VS, Geeurickx E, Declerck C, Duskunovic N, De Sutter D, Noppen S, Delport F, Schols D, Swinnen JV, Eyckerman S, Hendrix A, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. FO-SPR biosensor calibrated with recombinant extracellular vesicles enables specific and sensitive detection directly in complex matrices. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12059. [PMID: 33664936 PMCID: PMC7902528 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have drawn huge attention for diagnosing myriad of diseases, including cancer. However, the EV detection and analyses procedures often lack much desired sample standardization. To address this, we used well-characterized recombinant EVs (rEVs) for the first time as a biological reference material in developing a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) bioassay. In this context, EV binding on the FO-SPR probes was achieved only with EV-specific antibodies (e.g. anti-CD9 and anti-CD63) but not with non-specific anti-IgG. To increase detection sensitivity, we tested six different combinations of EV-specific antibodies in a sandwich bioassay. Calibration curves were generated with two most effective combinations (anti-CD9/Banti-CD81 and anti-CD63/Banti-CD9), resulting in 103 and 104 times higher sensitivity than the EV concentration in human blood plasma from healthy or cancer patients, respectively. Additionally, by using anti-CD63/Banti-CD9, we detected rEVs spiked in cell culture medium and HEK293 endogenous EVs in the same matrix without any prior EV purification or enrichment. Lastly, we selectively captured breast cancer cell EVs spiked in blood plasma using anti-EpCAM antibody on the FO-SPR surface. The obtained results combined with FO-SPR real-time monitoring, fast response time and ease of operation, demonstrate its outstanding potential for EV quantification and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Yildizhan
- Department of Biosystems Biosensors group, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Edward Geeurickx
- Department of Human Structure and Repair Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Charles Declerck
- Department of Biosystems Biosensors group, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology & Department of Biomolecular Medicine Ghent University Ghent
| | - Sam Noppen
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology & Department of Biomolecular Medicine Ghent University Ghent
| | - An Hendrix
- Department of Human Structure and Repair Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems Biosensors group, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems Biosensors group, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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39
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Ortega FG, Regiart MD, Rodríguez-Martínez A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Serrano MJ, Lorente JA, Tortella G, Rubilar O, Sapag K, Bertotti M, Fernández-Baldo MA. Sandwich-Type Electrochemical Paper-Based Immunosensor for Claudin 7 and CD81 Dual Determination on Extracellular Vesicles from Breast Cancer Patients. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1143-1153. [PMID: 33301317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on identifying novel epithelial markers in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) through the development of a dual sandwich-type electrochemical paper-based immunosensor for Claudin 7 and CD81 determination, as well as its validation in breast cancer (BC) patients. This immunosensor allows for rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of these two relevant BC biomarkers. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection for Claudin 7 was 0.4 pg mL-1, with a wide linear range of 2 to 1000 pg mL-1, while for CD81, the limit of detection was 3 pg mL-1, with a wide linear range of 0.01 to 10 ng mL-1. Finally, we validated Claudin 7 and CD81 determination in EVs from 60 BC patients and 20 healthy volunteers, reporting higher diagnostic accuracy than the one observed with classical diagnostic markers. This analysis provides a low-cost, specific, versatile, and user-friendly strategy as a robust and reliable tool for early BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G Ortega
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Matías D Regiart
- LSEME, Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos e Métodos Eletroanalíticos. Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Martínez
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine-PTS, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María J Serrano
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Liquid Biopsy and Metastasis Research Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine-PTS, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), 4811230 Temuco, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), 4811230 Temuco, Chile
| | - Karim Sapag
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Solidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- LSEME, Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos e Métodos Eletroanalíticos. Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martín A Fernández-Baldo
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS San Luis, Argentina
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40
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Almiñana C, Rudolf Vegas A, Tekin M, Hassan M, Uzbekov R, Fröhlich T, Bollwein H, Bauersachs S. Isolation and Characterization of Equine Uterine Extracellular Vesicles: A Comparative Methodological Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020979. [PMID: 33478136 PMCID: PMC7835857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in the uterine fluid in different species and have been pointed as key players in the embryo-maternal dialogue, maternal recognition of pregnancy and establishment of pregnancy. However, little is known about the uterine EVs in the mare. Therefore, the present study aimed at characterizing EVs from uterine lavage of cyclic mares by comparing five EVs isolation methods and the combination of them: (1) ultracentrifugation (UC); (2) concentration of lavage volume by Centricon ultrafiltration (CE); (3) the use of CE with different washing steps (phosphate-buffered saline with or without trehalose); (4) size-exclusion chromatography with iZON-qEV columns, and (5) a combination of the methods with best results based on EVs yield, purity, and protein cargo profiles. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting confirmed the isolation of EVs by all methods but with quantitative and qualitative differences. Mass spectrometry provided differences in protein profiles between methods, number of identified proteins, and protein classes. Our results indicate that the combination of CE/trehalose/iZON/UC is an optimal method to isolate equine uterine EVs with good yield and purity that can be applied in future studies to determine the role of equine uterine EVs in embryo-maternal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Almiñana
- Functional Genomics Group, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (A.R.V.); (S.B.)
- UMR85 PRC, INRAE, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba Rudolf Vegas
- Functional Genomics Group, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (A.R.V.); (S.B.)
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.T.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Muhittin Tekin
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.T.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Mubbashar Hassan
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.T.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.T.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Functional Genomics Group, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (A.R.V.); (S.B.)
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41
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Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121065. [PMID: 33316884 PMCID: PMC7763630 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic materials and proteins between neoplastic cells themselves and to several components of the bone marrow microenvironment, rendering the latter a “stronger” niche supporting cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and escape from immune surveillance. In this context, the molecular cargoes of tumor-derived EVs reflect the nature and status of the cells of origin, making them specific therapeutic targets. Another important characteristic of EVs in hematological malignancies is their use as a potential “liquid biopsy” because of their high abundance in biofluids and their ability to protect their molecular cargoes from nuclease and protease degradation. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive blood tests that provide a molecular profiling clinical tool as an alternative method of disease stratification, especially in cancer patients where solid biopsies have limited accessibility. They offer accurate diagnoses and identify specific biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. In this review, we will focus on the role of EVs in the most prevalent hematological malignancies, particularly on their prospective use as biomarkers in the context of liquid biopsies, as well as their molecular signature that identifies them as specific therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer progression. We will also highlight their roles in modulating the immune response by acting as both immunosuppressors and activators of anti-tumor immunity.
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43
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Microvesicle Formation Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100929. [PMID: 32998418 PMCID: PMC7650597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by different cell types play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, red blood cell (RBC)-derived EVs compose 4–8% of all circulating EVs, and oxidative stress (OS) as a consequence of different pathophysiological conditions significantly increases the amount of circulated RBC-derived EVs. However, the mechanisms of EV formation are not yet fully defined. To analyze OS-induced EV formation and RBC transformations, we used flow cytometry to evaluate cell esterase activity, caspase-3 activity, and band 3 clustering. Band 3 clustering was additionally analyzed by confocal microscopy. Two original laser diffraction-based approaches were used for the analysis of cell deformability and band 3 activity. Hemoglobin species were characterized spectrophotometrically. We showed that cell viability in tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced OS directly correlated with oxidant concentration to cell count ratio, and that RBC-derived EVs contained hemoglobin oxidized to hemichrome (HbChr). OS induced caspase-3 activation and band 3 clustering in cells and EVs. Importantly, we showed that OS-induced EV formation is independent of calcium. The presented data indicated that during OS, RBCs eliminated HbChr by vesiculation in order to sacrifice the cell itself, thereby prolonging lifespan and delaying the untimely clearance of in all other respects healthy RBCs.
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Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Entamoeba histolytica Identifies Roles in Intercellular Communication That Regulates Parasite Growth and Development. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00349-20. [PMID: 32719158 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00349-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to transport lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to the external environment have important roles in cell-cell communication through cargo transfer. We identified and characterized EVs from Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite and a human pathogen. Conditioned medium from amebic parasites contained particles consistent with the expected size and morphology of EVs. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the EV proteome and showed that it was enriched in common exosome marker proteins, including proteins associated with vesicle formation, cell signaling, and metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal proteins. Additionally, the EVs were found to selectively package small RNAs (sRNA), which were protected within the vesicles against RNase treatment. Sequencing analysis of the sRNA contained in EVs revealed that the majority were 27 nucleotides (nt) in size and represented a subset of the cellular antisense small RNA population that has previously been characterized in Entamoeba RNA interference (RNAi) pathway proteins, including Argonaute, were also present in amebic EVs. Interestingly, we found that the amebic EVs impacted intercellular communication between parasites and altered encystation efficiency. EVs isolated from encysting parasites promoted encystation in other parasites, whereas EVs from metabolically active trophozoites impeded encystation. Overall, the data reveal that Entamoeba secrete EVs that are similar in size and shape to previously characterized exosomes from other organisms and that these EVs contain a defined protein and small RNA cargo and have roles in intercellular communication among parasites and influence growth kinetics.
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45
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Guerreiro EM, Øvstebø R, Thiede B, Costea DE, Søland TM, Kanli Galtung H. Cancer cell line-specific protein profiles in extracellular vesicles identified by proteomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238591. [PMID: 32886718 PMCID: PMC7473518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are important for intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological processes. To explore the potential of cancer derived EVs as disease biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment decision, it is necessary to thoroughly characterize their biomolecular content. The aim of the study was to characterize and compare the protein content of EVs derived from three different cancer cell lines in search of a specific molecular signature, with emphasis on proteins related to the carcinogenic process. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and melanoma brain metastasis cell lines were cultured in CELLine AD1000 flasks. EVs were isolated by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography and characterized. Next, the isolated EVs underwent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis for protein identification. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for a more general overview of the biological processes involved. More than 600 different proteins were identified in EVs from each particular cell line. Here, 14%, 10%, and 24% of the identified proteins were unique in OSCC, PDAC, and melanoma vesicles, respectively. A specific protein profile was discovered for each cell line, e.g., EGFR in OSCC, Muc5AC in PDAC, and FN1 in melanoma vesicles. Nevertheless, 25% of all the identified proteins were common to all cell lines. Functional enrichment analysis linked the proteins in each data set to biological processes such as "biological adhesion", "cell motility", and "cellular component biogenesis". EV proteomics discovered cancer-specific protein profiles, with proteins involved in processes promoting tumor progression. In addition, the biological processes associated to the melanoma-derived EVs were distinct from the ones linked to the EVs isolated from OSCC and PDAC. The malignancy specific biomolecular cues in EVs may have potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers and in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M. Guerreiro
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Blood Cell Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBio and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine M. Søland
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Francia V, Schiffelers RM, Cullis PR, Witzigmann D. The Biomolecular Corona of Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2046-2059. [PMID: 32786370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great potential for treating almost any disease by gene silencing, protein expression, or gene correction. To efficiently deliver the nucleic acid payload to its target tissue, the genetic material needs to be combined with a delivery platform. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven to be excellent delivery vectors for gene therapy and are increasingly entering into routine clinical practice. Over the past two decades, the optimization of LNP formulations for nucleic acid delivery has led to a well-established body of knowledge culminating in the first-ever RNA interference therapeutic using LNP technology, i.e., Onpattro, and many more in clinical development to deliver various nucleic acid payloads. Screening a lipid library in vivo for optimal gene silencing potency in hepatocytes resulted in the identification of the Onpattro formulation. Subsequent studies discovered that the key to Onpattro's liver tropism is its ability to form a specific "biomolecular corona". In fact, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), among other proteins, adsorbed to the LNP surface enables specific hepatocyte targeting. This proof-of-principle example demonstrates the use of the biomolecular corona for targeting specific receptors and cells, thereby opening up the road to rationally designing LNPs. To date, however, only a few studies have explored in detail the corona of LNPs, and how to efficiently modulate the corona remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about the biomolecular corona, expanding the knowledge gained with other nanoparticles to LNPs for nucleic acid delivery. In particular, we address how particle stability, biodistribution, and targeting of LNPs can be influenced by the biological environment. Onpattro is used as a case study to describe both the successful development of an LNP formulation for gene therapy and the key influence of the biological environment. Moreover, we outline the techniques available to isolate and analyze the corona of LNPs, and we highlight their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we discuss possible implications of the biomolecular corona for LNP delivery and we examine the potential of exploiting the corona as a targeting strategy beyond the liver to develop next-generation gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Francia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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47
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Singh P, Szigyártó IC, Ricci M, Zsila F, Juhász T, Mihály J, Bősze S, Bulyáki É, Kardos J, Kitka D, Varga Z, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane Active Peptides Remove Surface Adsorbed Protein Corona From Extracellular Vesicles of Red Blood Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:703. [PMID: 32850685 PMCID: PMC7432246 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the outstanding potential in biomedical applications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also promising candidates to expand our knowledge on interactions between vesicular surface proteins and small-molecules which exert biomembrane-related functions. Here we provide mechanistic details on interactions between membrane active peptides with antimicrobial effect (MAPs) and red blood cell derived EVs (REVs) and we demonstrate that they have the capacity to remove members of the protein corona from REVs even at lower than 5 μM concentrations. In case of REVs, the Soret-band arising from the membrane associated hemoglobins allowed to follow the detachment process by flow-Linear Dichroism (flow-LD). Further on, the significant change on the vesicle surfaces was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Since membrane active peptides, such as melittin have the affinity to disrupt vesicles, a combination of techniques, fluorescent antibody labeling, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing, and flow-LD were employed to distinguish between membrane destruction and surface protein detachment. The removal of protein corona members is a newly identified role for the investigated peptides, which indicates complexity of their in vivo function, but may also be exploited in synthetic and natural nanoparticle engineering. Furthermore, results also promote that EVs can be used as improved model systems for biophysical studies providing insight to areas with so far limited knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Ricci
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bulyáki
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kitka
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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48
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Ko SY, Naora H. Extracellular Vesicle Membrane-Associated Proteins: Emerging Roles in Tumor Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5418. [PMID: 32751440 PMCID: PMC7432555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, and is a prime target of several anti-cancer agents. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor angiogenesis is stimulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted or shed by cancer cells. These EVs encapsulate a variety of biomolecules with angiogenic properties, and have been largely thought to stimulate vessel formation by transferring this luminal cargo into endothelial cells. However, recent studies have revealed that EVs can also signal to recipient cells via proteins on the vesicular surface. This review discusses and integrates emerging insights into the diverse mechanisms by which proteins associate with the EV membrane, the biological functions of EV membrane-associated proteins in tumor angiogenesis, and the clinical significance of these proteins in anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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49
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Menck K, Sivaloganathan S, Bleckmann A, Binder C. Microvesicles in Cancer: Small Size, Large Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5373. [PMID: 32731639 PMCID: PMC7432491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted by all cell types in a tumor and its microenvironment (TME), playing an essential role in intercellular communication and the establishment of a TME favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis. They encompass a variety of vesicle populations, among them the well-known endosomal-derived small exosomes (Exo), but also larger vesicles (diameter > 100 nm) that are shed directly from the plasma membrane, the so-called microvesicles (MV). Increasing evidence suggests that MV, although biologically different, share the tumor-promoting features of Exo in the TME. Due to their larger size, they can be readily harvested from patients' blood and characterized by routine methods such as conventional flow cytometry, exploiting the plethora of molecules expressed on their surface. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology and the composition of MV, as well as their role within the TME. We highlight not only the challenges and potential of MV as novel biomarkers for cancer, but also discuss their possible use for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Suganja Sivaloganathan
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Huang X, Wu B, Chen M, Hong L, Kong P, Wei Z, Teng X. Depletion of exosomal circLDLR in follicle fluid derepresses miR-1294 function and inhibits estradiol production via CYP19A1 in polycystic ovary syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15414-15435. [PMID: 32651991 PMCID: PMC7467373 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive women and is characterized by polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Abnormal folliculogenesis is considered as a common characteristic of PCOS. Our aim is to identify the altered circRNA expression profile in exosomes isolated from follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS patients to investigate the molecular function of exosomal circRNA, as a vital mediator in follicular microenvironment, in the aetiology and pathobiology of PCOS. In this study, the circRNA expression profile of FF exosomes were compared between PCOS and control patients by RNA sequencing (N=5 vs 5). Sixteen circRNAs showed significantly different expression. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that their parental genes were enriched in PCOS-related pathways, including ovarian steroidogenesis, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and Jak-STAT signaling. Among sixteen differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0006877 (circLDLR) was processed from its parental LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) transcript, which participated in ovarian steroidogenesis. Its depletion in PCOS FF exosomes was further verified in an additional cohort (N=25 vs 25) by qRT-PCR. And a circLDLR-miR-1294-CYP19A1 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was predicted by cytoscape software, and confirmed by luciferase assay and correlative expression in the cumulus cells of PCOS patients. Mechanistically, the intercellular transfer of functional circLDLR assay and its withdrawal experiments in KGN cells showed that depleting circLDLR in exosomes increased miR-1294 expression and inhibited CYP19A1 expression in recipient cells, as well as reduced their estrogen (E2) secretion. Our findings revealed a ceRNA network of circLDLR and provided new information on abnormal follicle development in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxin Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Kong
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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