1
|
Prud’homme GJ, Wang Q. Anti-Inflammatory Role of the Klotho Protein and Relevance to Aging. Cells 2024; 13:1413. [PMID: 39272986 PMCID: PMC11394293 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (hereafter Klotho) is an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). It is produced in the kidneys, brain and other sites. Klotho insufficiency causes hyperphosphatemia and other anomalies. Importantly, it is associated with chronic pathologies (often age-related) that have an inflammatory component. This includes atherosclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Its mode of action in these diseases is not well understood, but it inhibits or regulates multiple major pathways. Klotho has a membrane form and a soluble form (s-Klotho). Cytosolic Klotho is postulated but not well characterized. s-Klotho has endocrine properties that are incompletely elucidated. It binds to the FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c) that is widely expressed (including endothelial cells). It also attaches to soluble FGF23, and FGF23/Klotho binds to FGFRs. Thus, s-Klotho might be a roaming FGF23 coreceptor, but it has other functions. Notably, Klotho (cell-bound or soluble) counteracts inflammation and appears to mitigate related aging (inflammaging). It inhibits NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. This inflammasome requires priming by NF-κB and produces active IL-1β, membrane pores and cell death (pyroptosis). In accord, Klotho countered inflammation and cell injury induced by toxins, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). s-Klotho also blocks the TGF-β receptor and Wnt ligands, which lessens fibrotic disease. Low Klotho is associated with loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), as occurs in aging and chronic diseases. s-Klotho counters the inhibitory effects of myostatin and TGF-β on muscle, reduces inflammation, and improves muscle repair following injury. The inhibition of TGF-β and other factors may also be protective in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines Klotho functions especially as related to inflammation and potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 220 Walmer Rd, Toronto, ON M5R 3R7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Innogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei S, Liu C, Zheng TX, Fu W, Huang MZ. The relationship of redox signaling with the risk for atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430293. [PMID: 39148537 PMCID: PMC11324460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative balance plays a pivotal role in physiological homeostasis, and many diseases, particularly age-related conditions, are closely associated with oxidative imbalance. While the strategic role of oxidative regulation in various diseases is well-established, the specific involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis remains elusive. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by plaque formation within the arteries. Alterations in the oxidative status of vascular tissues are linked to the onset, progression, and outcome of atherosclerosis. This review examines the role of redox signaling in atherosclerosis, including its impact on risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and unhealthy lifestyle, along with dysregulation, vascular homeostasis, immune system interaction, and therapeutic considerations. Understanding redox signal transduction and the regulation of redox signaling will offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Zheng
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei-Zhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodríguez-Soto MA, Riveros-Cortés A, Orjuela-Garzón IC, Fernández-Calderón IM, Rodríguez CF, Vargas NS, Ostos C, Camargo CM, Cruz JC, Kim S, D’Amore A, Wagner WR, Briceño JC. Redefining vascular repair: revealing cellular responses on PEUU-gelatin electrospun vascular grafts for endothelialization and immune responses on in vitro models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1410863. [PMID: 38903186 PMCID: PMC11188488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) poised for regenerative applications are central to effective vascular repair, with their efficacy being significantly influenced by scaffold architecture and the strategic distribution of bioactive molecules either embedded within the scaffold or elicited from responsive tissues. Despite substantial advancements over recent decades, a thorough understanding of the critical cellular dynamics for clinical success remains to be fully elucidated. Graft failure, often ascribed to thrombogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, or calcification, is predominantly linked to improperly modulated inflammatory reactions. The orchestrated behavior of repopulating cells is crucial for both initial endothelialization and the subsequent differentiation of vascular wall stem cells into functional phenotypes. This necessitates the TEVG to provide an optimal milieu wherein immune cells can promote early angiogenesis and cell recruitment, all while averting persistent inflammation. In this study, we present an innovative TEVG designed to enhance cellular responses by integrating a physicochemical gradient through a multilayered structure utilizing synthetic (poly (ester urethane urea), PEUU) and natural polymers (Gelatin B), thereby modulating inflammatory reactions. The luminal surface is functionalized with a four-arm polyethylene glycol (P4A) to mitigate thrombogenesis, while the incorporation of adhesive peptides (RGD/SV) fosters the adhesion and maturation of functional endothelial cells. The resultant multilayered TEVG, with a diameter of 3.0 cm and a length of 11 cm, exhibits differential porosity along its layers and mechanical properties commensurate with those of native porcine carotid arteries. Analyses indicate high biocompatibility and low thrombogenicity while enabling luminal endothelialization and functional phenotypic behavior, thus limiting inflammation in in-vitro models. The vascular wall demonstrated low immunogenicity with an initial acute inflammatory phase, transitioning towards a pro-regenerative M2 macrophage-predominant phase. These findings underscore the potential of the designed TEVG in inducing favorable immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative environments, thus holding promise for future clinical applications in vascular tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Ostos
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Antonio D’Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William R. Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Juan C. Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fundación CardioInfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh A, Bhatt KS, Nguyen HC, Frisbee JC, Singh KK. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6180. [PMID: 38892367 PMCID: PMC11173124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under different pathophysiological conditions, endothelial cells lose endothelial phenotype and gain mesenchymal cell-like phenotype via a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). At the molecular level, endothelial cells lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and gain the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, and collagens. EndMT is induced by numerous different pathways triggered and modulated by multiple different and often redundant mechanisms in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathophysiological status of the cell. EndMT plays an essential role in embryonic development, particularly in atrioventricular valve development; however, EndMT is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several genetically determined and acquired diseases, including malignant, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Among cardiovascular diseases, aberrant EndMT is reported in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, fibroelastosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms behind the cause and/or effect of EndMT to eventually target EndMT appears to be a promising strategy for treating aberrant EndMT-associated diseases. However, this approach is limited by a lack of precise functional and molecular pathways, causes and/or effects, and a lack of robust animal models and human data about EndMT in different diseases. Here, we review different mechanisms in EndMT and the role of EndMT in various cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Kriti S. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Millar JK, Salmon M, Nasser E, Malik S, Kolli P, Lu G, Pinteaux E, Hawkins RB, Ailawadi G. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in the interleukin-1 pathway during aortic aneurysm formation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:e146-e158. [PMID: 37951532 PMCID: PMC11029391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial to mesenchymal transition may represent a key link between inflammatory stress and endothelial dysfunction seen in aortic aneurysm disease. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is regulated by interleukin-1β, and previous work has demonstrated an essential role of interleukin-1 signaling in experimental aortic aneurysm models. We hypothesize that endothelial to mesenchymal transition is present in murine aortic aneurysms, and loss of interleukin-1 signaling attenuates this process. METHODS Murine aortic aneurysms were created in novel CDH5-Cre lineage tracking mice by treating the intact aorta with peri-adventitial elastase. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factors as well as endothelial and mesenchymal cell markers were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (n = 10/group). To determine the role of interleukin-1 signaling, endothelial-specific interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout and wild-type mice (n = 10/group) were treated with elastase. Additionally, C57/BL6 mice were treated with the interleukin-1 receptor 1 antagonist Anakinra (n = 7) or vehicle (n = 8). RESULTS Elastase treatment yielded greater aortic dilation compared with controls (elastase 97.0% ± 34.0%; control 5.3% ± 4.8%; P < .001). Genetic deletion of interleukin-1 receptor 1 attenuated aortic dilation (control 126.7% ± 38.7%; interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout 35.2% ± 14.7%; P < .001), as did pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor 1 with Anakinra (vehicle 146.3% ± 30.1%; Anakinra 63.5% ± 23.3%; P < .001). Elastase treatment resulted in upregulation of endothelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factors (Snail, Slug, Twist, ZNF) and mesenchymal cell markers (S100, alpha smooth muscle actin) and loss of endothelial cell markers (vascular endothelial cadherin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, von Willebrand factor). These changes were attenuated by interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout and Anakinra treatment. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial to mesenchymal transition occurs in aortic aneurysm disease and is attenuated by loss of interleukin-1 signaling. Endothelial dysfunction through endothelial to mesenchymal transition represents a new and novel pathway in understanding aortic aneurysm disease and may be a potential target for future treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Millar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | | | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Hawkins
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Y, Pei J, Qin Y, Du H, Qu X, Li W, Huang B, Tan J, Liu Y, Li G, Ke M, Xu Y, Zhu C. Construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with enhanced patency by integrating heparin, cell-adhesive peptide, and carbon monoxide nanogenerators into acellular blood vessels. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:221-236. [PMID: 38235307 PMCID: PMC10792202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (sdTEVGs) have garnered significant attention as a potential treatment modality for vascular bypass grafting and replacement therapy. However, the intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis are two major complications that impair graft patency during transplantation. To address this issue, we fabricated the covalent-organic framework (COF)-based carbon monoxide (CO) nanogenerator-and co-immobilized with LXW-7 peptide and heparin to establish a multifunctional surface on TEVGs constructed from acellular blood vessels for preventing thrombosis and stenosis. The cell-adhesive peptide LXW-7 could capture endothelial-forming cells (EFCs) to promote endothelialization, while the antithrombotic molecule heparin prevented thrombus formation. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered CO release suppressed the adhesion and activation of macrophages, leading to the reduction of ROS and inflammatory factors. As a result, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) triggered by inflammation was restricted, facilitating the maintenance of the homeostasis of the neo-endothelium and preventing pathological remodeling in TEVGs. When transplanted in vivo, these vascular grafts exhibited negligible intimal hyperplasia and remained patent for 3 months. This achievement provided a novel approach for constructing antithrombotic and anti-hyperplastic TEVGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juan Pei
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yinhua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huifang Du
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohang Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Boyue Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Ke
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Youqian Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Faccinetto ACB, Santos GRF, Taguchi JC, Orellana HC, Galhardo A, Kanhouche G, Barteczko MLM, Tedesco Júnior H, Bravo-Valenzuela NJM, Moises VA, Pestana JOM, Silva CMC, Barbosa AHP. Retrospective analysis of percutaneous intervention of the renal artery in transplanted kidneys in children and adolescents at a tertiary public hospital. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297975. [PMID: 38551934 PMCID: PMC10980230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the long-term effects of percutaneous intervention in children and adolescents with transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). METHODS Twenty patients had significant stenosis (>50%) and underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA/stenting) (TRAS group-intervention); 14 TNS (non-significant group -control) patients did not have significant stenosis (≤50%) and were treated clinically. The combined primary endpoints were death from all causes and late graft failure. The secondary endpoints were serum creatinine (SCr), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between TRAS-Intervention(N = 20) and TNS groups-Control (N = 14) for these clinical parameters: deaths, 1 (5.0%) vs. 0 (0.0%) (p = 1.000) and graft loss, 4 (20.0%) vs. 2 (14.3%) (p = 1.000). For the secondary endpoints, after 1 month and 1 year the values of SCr, SBP, and DBP were similar between the two groups but not statistically significant. DISCUSSION In the TRAS group (intervention), the stent implantation was beneficial for treating refractory hypertension and reducing blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. Despite the outcomes being similar in the two groups, it can be inferred that the patients in the TRAS group (intervention) would have had a worse outcome without the percutaneous intervention. CONCLUSION TRAS treatment with stenting can be considered for children and adolescents. Because the sample in the present study comprised of only a specific population, further studies are needed for generalization. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at clinictrials.gov with trial registration number NCT04225338.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Cristina Taguchi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henry Campos Orellana
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Attílio Galhardo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kanhouche
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Tedesco Júnior
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, A Part of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Jeanne Magioli Bravo-Valenzuela
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine/ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology Discipline, IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdir Ambrósio Moises
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Osmar Medina Pestana
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, A Part of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Camelo Silva
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Chen C, Qin X, Wang J, Zhang B, Jin F. Plasma-derived exosomes contributes to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in Moyamoya disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26748. [PMID: 38434376 PMCID: PMC10907668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease with a high disability rate; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is the pathological basis of many vascular diseases; however, the key role of EndMT in MMD has not yet been reported. Method We collected vascular tissues from three control samples and six patients with MMD to detect the expression of EndMT-related genes. To elucidate the mechanism of EndMT in MMD, we performed in vitro cell experiments. Plasma-derived exosomes (PDEs) can transmit information between cells and tissues and are of considerable importance in several disease studies. PDEs were used to stimulate EndMT phenotype in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Results Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that CD31, VE-cadherin and E-cadherin down-regulated, whereas α-SMA and vimentin were significantly up-regulated in moyamoya vascular endothelial cells than in control samples. PDEs from MMD patients significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration, resulting in slender cells. PDEs induce EndMT-related phenotype changes in cerebral vascular endothelial cells, including decreased endothelial cell marker expression and increased mesenchymal cell marker expression. We demonstrated that EndMT phenotypic alterations are mediated, in part, by microRNA(miRNAs). Conclusion This study was the first to propose that EndMT may exist in the vessels of patients with MMD. PDEs induce the EndMT phenotype to promote the development of MMD. This study aimed to provide a new theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of MMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilan Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences &Qingdao Central Hospital Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, PR China
| | - Jingtong Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, PR China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences &Qingdao Central Hospital Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun D, Ma J, Du L, Liu Q, Yue H, Peng C, Chen H, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Fluid shear stress induced-endothelial phenotypic transition contributes to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016110. [PMID: 38414635 PMCID: PMC10898918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term ischemia leads to insufficient cerebral microvascular perfusion and dysfunction. Reperfusion restores physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) but leads to serious injury. The mechanism underlying FSS-induced endothelial injury in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was constructed to explore cerebrovascular endothelial function and inflammation in vivo. Additionally, the rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) were exposed to a laminar FSS of 0.5 dyn/cm2 for 6 h and subsequently restored to physiological fluid shear stress level (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 and 12 h, respectively. We found that reperfusion induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial cells, leading to serious blood-brain barrier dysfunction and endothelial inflammation, accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP). During the later stage of reperfusion, cerebral endothelium was restored to the endothelial phenotype with a distinct change in mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT), while YAP was translocated and phosphorylated in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of YAP or inhibition of actin polymerization markedly impaired the EndMT in rBMECs. These findings suggest that ischemia-reperfusion increased intensity of FSS triggered an EndMT process and, thus, led to endothelial inflammation and tissue injury, whereas continuous FSS induced a time-dependent reversal MEndT event contributing to the endothelial repair. This study provides valuable insight for therapeutic strategies targeting IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengxiu Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang H, Zhao H, Wenqing L, Xu F, Wang X, Yao Y, Huang Y. Prospect of research on anti-atherosclerosis effect of main components of traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe through gut microbiota: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37104. [PMID: 38306512 PMCID: PMC10843552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases are on the rise globally, posing a severe threat to human health. Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered a multi-factorial inflammatory disease and the main pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as the leading cause of death. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce and exacerbate inflammatory reactions, accelerate metabolic disorders and immune function decline, and affect the progression and prognosis of AS-related diseases. The Chinese herbal medicine clinicians frequently utilize Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe, an effective therapeutic approach for the management of AS. This article reviews the correlation between the main components of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe and the gut microbiota and AS to provide new directions and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Wenqing
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- Shanghai Pudong New District Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ying T, Wu L, Lan T, Wei Z, Hu D, Ke Y, Jiang Q, Fang J. Adropin inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/-/Enho -/- mice by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:402. [PMID: 37903785 PMCID: PMC10616072 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a secreted protein, coded by energy homeostasis-associated gene (Enho), is recently reported to modulate atherogenesis, with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) involved in the early process. We explored whether adropin may alleviate atherosclerosis by regulating EndMT. We found that an intraperitoneal injection of adropin [105 μg/(kg·d) for 13 weeks] inhibited the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-/-) and those with double gene deletion (ApoE-/-/Enho-/-), as detected by Oil Red O and haematoxylin-eosin staining. In the aortas of ApoE-/- mouse, adropin treatment ameliorated the decrease in the mRNA expression of endothelial cell markers (leukocyte differentiation antigen 31, CD31, and vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin), but increased that of EndMT markers (alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA, and fibroblasts specific protein-1). In vitro, an adropin treatment (30 ng/ml) arrested the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced EndMT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), attenuated the morphological changes of HUVECs, reduced the number of immunofluorescence-positive α-SMA, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of CD31 and VE-cadherin, and decreased those of α-SMA. Furthermore, the adropin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, and suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream signal protein Smad2/3 in HUVECs. These mitigative effects of adropin on H2O2-induced EndMT were reversed by the transfection of TGF-β plasmid. The findings signify that adropin treatment may alleviate the atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-/Enho-/- mice by inhibiting EndMT via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, PR China
| | - LingZhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - TingXiang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Ultrasound, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, PR China
| | - ZhiXiong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - DanQing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YiLang Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mannion AJ, Holmgren L. Nuclear mechanosensing of the aortic endothelium in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050361. [PMID: 37909406 PMCID: PMC10629673 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, the monolayer of endothelial cells that line blood vessels, is exposed to a number of mechanical forces, including frictional shear flow, pulsatile stretching and changes in stiffness influenced by extracellular matrix composition. These forces are sensed by mechanosensors that facilitate their transduction to drive appropriate adaptation of the endothelium to maintain vascular homeostasis. In the aorta, the unique architecture of the vessel gives rise to changes in the fluid dynamics, which, in turn, shape cellular morphology, nuclear architecture, chromatin dynamics and gene regulation. In this Review, we discuss recent work focusing on how differential mechanical forces exerted on endothelial cells are sensed and transduced to influence their form and function in giving rise to spatial variation to the endothelium of the aorta. We will also discuss recent developments in understanding how nuclear mechanosensing is implicated in diseases of the aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarren J. Mannion
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 64, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 64, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou E, Zhou J, Bi C, Zhang Z. Cx43 Facilitates Mesenchymal Transition of Endothelial Cells Induced by Shear Stress. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:204-212. [PMID: 37673049 PMCID: PMC10614473 DOI: 10.1159/000533320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process of endothelial cells (ECs) and to explore the potential signaling pathways underlying these functions. METHODS ECs were extracted from rat aorta. ECs were transfected with Cx43 cDNA and Cx43 siRNA and then exposed to 5 or 12 dyne/cm2. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of SM22α, Cx43, and acetylated α-tubulin in ECs. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of α-SMA, CD31, Cx43, H1-calponin, Ift88, and p-smad3 in ECs. RESULTS The expression of αSMA, SM22α, and Cx43 was significantly increased, and CD31 was markedly decreased in ECs treated with laminar shear stress at 5 dyn/cm2. The Cx43 cDNA transfection could induce the expression of SM22α or H1-calponin and attenuate CD31 expression in ECs. Also, Cx43 overexpression harms cilia formation in ECs exposed to 5 dyn/cm2, accompanied with the regulated Ift88 and smad signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study found that laminar shear stress at 5 dyn/cm2 would increase the expression of Cx43 to facilitate the EndMT process of ECs, associated with morphological changes in primary cilia and the decreased expression of Ift88 in ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Z, Wang J, Pan T, Li X, Tao C, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Xu C, Wu X, Gu Q, Fan Y, Qian H, Mugisha A, Yuan S, Liu Q, Xie P. The Exosome-Transmitted lncRNA LOC100132249 Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2023; 72:1307-1319. [PMID: 37347724 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microangiopathic complications in diabetes, causes severe visual damage among working-age populations. Retinal vascular endothelial cells, the key cell type in DR pathogenesis, are responsible for abnormal retinal angiogenesis in advanced stages of DR. The roles of exosomes in DR have been largely unknown. In this study, we report the first evidence that exosomes derived from the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative DR (PDR-exo) promote proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs). We identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LOC100132249 enrichment in PDR-exo via high-throughput sequencing. This lncRNA, also mainly derived from HRVECs, promoted angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LOC100132249 acted as a competing endogenous sponge of miRNA-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p), thus regulating the endothelial-mesenchymal transition promoter SNAI1 via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ultimately resulting in endothelial dysfunction. In conclusion, our findings underscored the pathogenic role of endothelial-derived exosomes via the LOC100132249/miR-199a-5p/SNAI1 axis in DR angiogenesis and may shed light on new therapeutic strategies for future treatment of DR. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS This study provides the first evidence that exosomes derived from vitreous humor from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy participate in angiogenesis. The findings demonstrate an unreported long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LOC100132249, by exosomal sequencing of vitreous humor. The newly found lncRNA LOC100132249, mainly derived from endothelial cells, promotes angiogenesis via an miRNA-199a-5p/SNAI1/Wnt/β-catenin axis in a pro-endothelial-mesenchymal transition manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changlin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyuan Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aime Mugisha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songtao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin PK, Davis GE. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Vascular Disease: Defining Its Regulators and Pathological Influence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1599-1616. [PMID: 37409533 PMCID: PMC10527588 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of structural and cellular differences (ie, degrees of matrix abundance and cross-linking, mural cell density, and adventitia), large and medium-sized vessels, in comparison to capillaries, react in a unique manner to stimuli that induce vascular disease. A stereotypical vascular injury response is ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling that occurs particularly in larger vessels in response to injurious stimuli, such as elevated angiotensin II, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, genetic deficiencies, inflammatory cell infiltration, or exposure to proinflammatory mediators. Even with substantial and prolonged vascular damage, large- and medium-sized arteries, persist, but become modified by (1) changes in vascular wall cellularity; (2) modifications in the differentiation status of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, or adventitial stem cells (each can become activated); (3) infiltration of the vascular wall by various leukocyte types; (4) increased exposure to critical growth factors and proinflammatory mediators; and (5) marked changes in the vascular ECM, that remodels from a homeostatic, prodifferentiation ECM environment to matrices that instead promote tissue reparative responses. This latter ECM presents previously hidden matricryptic sites that bind integrins to signal vascular cells and infiltrating leukocytes (in coordination with other mediators) to proliferate, invade, secrete ECM-degrading proteinases, and deposit injury-induced matrices (predisposing to vessel wall fibrosis). In contrast, in response to similar stimuli, capillaries can undergo regression responses (rarefaction). In summary, we have described the molecular events controlling ECM remodeling in major vascular diseases as well as the differential responses of arteries versus capillaries to key mediators inducing vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K. Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simons M. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: advances and controversies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 34:100678. [PMID: 37305156 PMCID: PMC10249652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a physiological process that is equally important during development and under certain pathological conditions in adult tissues. The last decade has witnessed a remarkable explosion of information about EndMT from molecular mechanisms responsible for its development to its role in various disease processes. The emerging picture is that of a complex set of interactions that underly pathophysiological basis of some of the most deadly and intractable diseases. This mini review brings together recent advances and attempts to present a unified view of this complex field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kidder E, Pea M, Cheng S, Koppada SP, Visvanathan S, Henderson Q, Thuzar M, Yu X, Alfaidi M. The interleukin-1 receptor type-1 in disturbed flow-induced endothelial mesenchymal activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1190460. [PMID: 37539090 PMCID: PMC10394702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that develops in areas of disturbed flow (d-flow). Progressive atherosclerosis is characterized by bulky plaques rich in mesenchymal cells and high-grade inflammation that can rupture leading to sudden cardiac death or acute myocardial infarction. In response to d-flow, endothelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). However, the signaling intermediaries that link d-flow to EndMT are incompletely understood. Methods and Results In this study we found that in human atherosclerosis, cells expressing SNAI1 (Snail 1, EndMT transcription factor) were highly expressed within the endothelial cell (EC) layer and in the pre-necrotic areas in unstable lesions, whereas stable lesions did not show any SNAI1 positive cells, suggesting a role for EndMT in lesion instability. The interleukin-1 (IL-1), which signals through the type-I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1), has been implicated in plaque instability and linked to EndMT formation in vitro. Interestingly, we observed an association between SNAI1 and IL-1R1 within ECs in the unstable lesions. To establish the causal relationship between EndMT and IL-1R1 expression, we next examined IL-1R1 levels in our Cre-lox endothelial-specific lineage tracing mice. IL-1R1 and Snail1 were highly expressed in ECs under atheroprone compared to athero-protective areas, and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) increased IL-1R1 protein and mRNA levels in vitro. Exposure of ECs to OSS resulted in loss of their EC markers and higher induction of EndMT markers. By contrast, genetic silencing of IL-1R1 significantly reduced the expression of EndMT markers and Snail1 nuclear translocation, suggesting a direct role for IL-1R1 in d-flow-induced EndMT. In vivo, re-analysis of scRNA-seq datasets in carotid artery exposed to d-flow confirmed the IL-1R1 upregulation among EndMT population, and in our partial carotid ligation model of d-flow, endothelial cell specific IL-1R1 KO significantly reduced SNAI1 expression. Discussion Global inhibition of IL-1 signaling in atherosclerosis as a therapeutic target has recently been tested in the completed CANTOS trial, with promising results. However, the data on IL-1R1 signaling in different vascular cell-types are inconsistent. Herein, we show endothelial IL-1R1 as a novel mechanosensitive receptor that couples d-flow to IL-1 signaling in EndMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Kidder
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Meleah Pea
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Satya-Priya Koppada
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Suren Visvanathan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Quartina Henderson
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Moe Thuzar
- Department of Pathology and Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Mabruka Alfaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Science (CCDS), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu X, Wang Y, Soaita I, Lee HW, Bae H, Boutagy N, Bostwick A, Zhang RM, Bowman C, Xu Y, Trefely S, Chen Y, Qin L, Sessa W, Tellides G, Jang C, Snyder NW, Yu L, Arany Z, Simons M. Acetate controls endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1163-1178.e10. [PMID: 37327791 PMCID: PMC10529701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process initiated by activation of endothelial TGF-β signaling, underlies numerous chronic vascular diseases and fibrotic states. Once induced, EndMT leads to a further increase in TGF-β signaling, thus establishing a positive-feedback loop with EndMT leading to more EndMT. Although EndMT is understood at the cellular level, the molecular basis of TGF-β-driven EndMT induction and persistence remains largely unknown. Here, we show that metabolic modulation of the endothelium, triggered by atypical production of acetate from glucose, underlies TGF-β-driven EndMT. Induction of EndMT suppresses the expression of the enzyme PDK4, which leads to an increase in ACSS2-dependent Ac-CoA synthesis from pyruvate-derived acetate. This increased Ac-CoA production results in acetylation of the TGF-β receptor ALK5 and SMADs 2 and 4 leading to activation and long-term stabilization of TGF-β signaling. Our results establish the metabolic basis of EndMT persistence and unveil novel targets, such as ACSS2, for the potential treatment of chronic vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunyun Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ioana Soaita
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nabil Boutagy
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna Bostwick
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rong-Mo Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caitlyn Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanying Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Coronary Circulation Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Epigenetics and Signaling Program, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang X, Gu Z, Wan J, Zhou X, Zhu K, Wang X, Cao X, Yu X, Peng X, Tang Y. dECM based dusal-responsive vascular graft with enzyme-controlled adenine release for long-term patency. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124618. [PMID: 37148948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid occlusion is the culprit leading to implantation failure of biological blood vessels. Although adenosine is a clinical-proven drug to overcome the problem, its short half-life and turbulent burst-release limit its direct application. Thus, a pH/temperature dual-responsive blood vessel possessed controllable long-term adenosine secretion was constructed based on acellular matrix via compact crosslinking by oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCSA) and functionalized with apyrase and acid phosphatase. These enzymes, as adenosine micro-generators, controlled the adenosine release amount by "real-time-responding" to acidity and temperature of vascular inflammation sites. Additionally, the macrophage phenotype was switched from M1 to M2, and related factors expression proved that adenosine release was effectively regulated with the severity of inflammation. What's more, the ultra-structure for degradation resisting and endothelialization accelerating was also preserved by their "double-crosslinking". Therefore, this work suggested a new feasible strategy providing a bright future of long-term patency for transplanted blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junyu Wan
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keli Zhu
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xin Wang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xin Cao
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xixun Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hong T, Pan X, Xu H, Zheng Z, Wen L, Li J, Xia M. Jatrorrhizine inhibits Piezo1 activation and reduces vascular inflammation in endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114755. [PMID: 37105072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is a common pathological basis underlying many cardiovascular diseases. As such, the treatment of vascular inflammation has attracted increasing attention. The Piezo1 pathway has long been shown to play an important role in the development of vascular inflammation. Jatrorrhizine (Jat) is an effective component of Rhizoma Coptidis. It is commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and is a potential drug for the treatment of vascular inflammation. However, its mechanism of action on vascular inflammation remains unclear, as is the effect of Jat on Piezo1. Therefore, we conducted a series of studies on the effect of jatrorrhizine on vascular inflammation in vivo and in vitro. In this study, the effect of Jat treatment on H2O2-induced endothelial cell inflammation was investigated in vitro, and the potential mechanism of Jat was explored. In in vivo experiments, we investigated the effect of jatrorrhizine on vascular inflammation induced by carotid artery ligation and its effect on the Piezo1 signaling pathway. We found that Jat could reduce the severity of carotid intimal hyperplasia and local vascular inflammation in mice. In the H2O2-induced inflammation model, cell proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited, and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was reduced. Importantly, the addition of Jat to endothelial Piezo1 knockout did not produce further significant inhibition. We believe that the role of Jat in the treatment of vascular inflammation may be related to Piezo1. And we believe that Jat has great potential in the treatment of vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Hong
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xianmei Pan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Zheng
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhen Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun J, Meng X, Huang H, Jing J, Pan Y, Mei L, Jin A, Wang Y, Wei T, Cai X. Higher visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product in relation to increased risk of atherosclerotic burden in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112115. [PMID: 36758647 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP), as anthropometric indices, have been applied to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, few studies investigated the correlation between these two indicators and cardio-cerebro-vascular atherosclerosis in community populations. Our study was to explore the association of VAI and LAP with coronary, intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis in a community-based asymptomatic middle-aged and older population. METHODS Participants without a history of CVD in the study of PRECISE (Polyvascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events) were included. The sex-special indicators of VAI and LAP were calculated and stratified by the tertiles. The presence of plaque and coronary segmental stenosis score (SSS) were assessed by coronary computed tomography (CTA), as well as intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic burden were evaluated by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI), respectively. Binary or ordinal logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between each of the indexes and the presence and burden of atherosclerosis. RESULTS A total of 2875 subjects were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 60.9 ± 6.6 years and 1329 (46.2 %) participants were males. Compared with the first tertile of VAI, the higher tertile was associated with the presence of plaques (T3 vs T1, OR, 1.49, 95%CI, 1.12-1.98, for males; OR, 1.64, 95%CI, 1.24-2.17, for females) and atherosclerotic burden (T3 vs T1, adjusted cOR, 1.63, 95%CI, 1.24-2.14, for males; adjusted cOR, 1.70, 95%CI, 1.29-2.24, for females) in major coronary arteries. A similar association was found for LAP. VAI level has presented an association with the extracranial atherosclerotic plaques (T3 vs T1, OR, 1.34, 95%CI, 1.02-1.77) and burden (T3 vs T1, adjusted cOR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.00-1.73) only in females. Whereas, for intracranial atherosclerosis, the results failed to show any statistically significant association. CONCLUSIONS Among community-dwelling asymptomatic older adults, VAI and LAP were associated with the presence and burden of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, while VAI presented a weaker significant association with extracranial atherosclerosis in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huifen Huang
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lerong Mei
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim HS, Ha HS, Kim DH, Son DH, Baek S, Park J, Lee CH, Park S, Yoon HJ, Yu SE, Kang JI, Park KM, Shin YM, Lee JB, Sung HJ. O 2 variant chip to simulate site-specific skeletogenesis from hypoxic bone marrow. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4210. [PMID: 36947623 PMCID: PMC10032601 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is maintained by hypoxia. The oxygen level increases from vessel-free cartilage to hypoxic bone marrow and, furthermore, to vascularized bone, which might direct the chondrogenesis to osteogenesis and regenerate the skeletal system. Hence, oxygen was diffused from relatively low to high levels throughout a three-dimensional chip. When we cultured BMSCs in the chip and implanted them into the rabbit defect models of low-oxygen cartilage and high-oxygen calvaria bone, (i) the low oxygen level (base) promoted stemness and chondrogenesis of BMSCs with robust antioxidative potential; (ii) the middle level (two times ≥ low) pushed BMSCs to quiescence; and (iii) the high level (four times ≥ low) promoted osteogenesis by disturbing the redox balance and stemness. Last, endochondral or intramembranous osteogenesis upon transition from low to high oxygen in vivo suggests a developmental mechanism-driven solution to promote chondrogenesis to osteogenesis in the skeletal system by regulating the oxygen environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Ha
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyeon Son
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoom Baek
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Yu
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Il Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomaterials and Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong Y, Wang B, Du M, Zhu B, Cui K, Li K, Yuan K, Cowan DB, Bhattacharjee S, Wong S, Shi J, Wang DZ, Chen K, Bischoff J, Linton MF, Chen H. Targeting Epsins to Inhibit Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling While Potentiating Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Constrains Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2023; 147:669-685. [PMID: 36591786 PMCID: PMC10136057 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epsin endocytic adaptor proteins are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully defined. In this study, we determined how epsins enhance endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in atherosclerosis and assessed the efficacy of a therapeutic peptide in a preclinical model of this disease. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses, we investigated the role of epsins in stimulating EndoMT using knockout in Apoe-/- and lineage tracing/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease mutant viral-induced atherosclerotic mouse models. The therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic peptide targeting atherosclerotic plaques was then assessed in Apoe-/- mice. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing revealed that epsins 1 and 2 promote EndoMT and that the loss of endothelial epsins inhibits EndoMT marker expression and transforming growth factor-β signaling in vitro and in atherosclerotic mice, which is associated with smaller lesions in the Apoe-/- mouse model. Mechanistically, the loss of endothelial cell epsins results in increased fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression, which inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling and EndoMT. Epsins directly bind ubiquitinated fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 through their ubiquitin-interacting motif, which results in endocytosis and degradation of this receptor complex. Consequently, administration of a synthetic ubiquitin-interacting motif-containing peptide atheroma ubiquitin-interacting motif peptide inhibitor significantly attenuates EndoMT and progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that epsins potentiate EndoMT during atherogenesis by increasing transforming growth factor-β signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 internalization and degradation. Inhibition of EndoMT by reducing epsin-fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 interaction with a therapeutic peptide may represent a novel treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
- Department of Anæsthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- USF Heart Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijakumaran U, Shanmugam J, Heng JW, Azman SS, Yazid MD, Haizum Abdullah NA, Sulaiman N. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Endothelial Functioning: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041861. [PMID: 36838850 PMCID: PMC9966213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologists have been emphasizing and applying plant and herbal-based treatments in vascular diseases for decades now. Olives, for example, are a traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet. Hydroxytyrosol is an olive-derived compound known for its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Acknowledging the merit of antioxidants in maintaining endothelial function warrants the application of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial dysfunction salvage and recovery. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an impairment of endothelial cells that adversely affects vascular homeostasis. Disturbance in endothelial functioning is a known precursor for atherosclerosis and, subsequently, coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, the effects of hydroxytyrosol on endothelial functioning were not extensively studied, limiting its value either as a nutraceutical supplement or in clinical trials. The action of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial functioning at a cellular and molecular level is gathered and summarized in this review. The favorable effects of hydroxytyrosol in the improvement of endothelial functioning from in vitro and in vivo studies were scrutinized. We conclude that hydroxytyrosol is capable to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular aging, and arterial stiffness; thus, it is beneficial to preserve endothelial function both in vitro and in vivo. Although not specifically for endothelial dysfunction, hydroxytyrosol safety and efficacy had been demonstrated via in vivo and clinical trials for cardiovascular-related studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Di Tommaso N, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. The Gut-Vascular Barrier as a New Protagonist in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021470. [PMID: 36674986 PMCID: PMC9864173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, with its multiple layers, is the first line of defense between the outside world and the intestine. Its disruption, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, is a recognized pathogenic factor of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. The identification of a gut-vascular barrier (GVB), consisting of a structured endothelium below the epithelial layer, has led to new evidence on the etiology and management of diseases of the gut-liver axis and the gut-brain axis, with recent implications in oncology as well. The gut-brain axis is involved in several neuroinflammatory processes. In particular, the recent description of a choroid plexus vascular barrier regulating brain permeability under conditions of gut inflammation identifies the endothelium as a key regulator in maintaining tissue homeostasis and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Tommaso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang E, Wang H, Chakrabarti S. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: An underappreciated mediator of diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1050540. [PMID: 36777351 PMCID: PMC9911675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications represent a great burden on the global healthcare system. Diabetic complications are fundamentally diseases of the vasculature, with endothelial cells being the centerpiece of early hyperglycemia-induced changes. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a tightly regulated process that results in endothelial cells losing endothelial characteristics and developing mesenchymal traits. Although endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been found to occur within most of the major complications of diabetes, it has not been a major focus of study or a common target in the treatment or prevention of diabetic complications. In this review we summarize the importance of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each major diabetic complication, examine specific mechanisms at play, and highlight potential mechanisms to prevent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each of the major chronic complications of diabetes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Endothelial-cell-mediated mechanism of coronary microvascular dysfunction leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:169-178. [PMID: 35266091 PMCID: PMC9902427 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is growing worldwide, its complex pathophysiology has yet to be fully elucidated, and multiple hypotheses have all failed to produce a viable target for therapeutic action or provide effective treatment. Cardiac remodeling has long been considered an important mechanism of HFpEF. Strong evidence has been reported over the past years that coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), manifesting as structural and functional abnormalities of coronary microvasculature, also contributes to the evolution of HFpEF. However, the mechanisms of CMD are still not well understood and need to be studied further. Coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are one of the most abundant cell types in the heart by number and active players in cardiac physiology and pathology. CMECs are not only important cellular mediators of cardiac vascularization but also play an important role in disease pathophysiology by participating in the inception and progression of cardiac remodeling. CMECs are also actively involved in the pathogenesis of CMD. Numerous studies have confirmed that CMD is closely related to cardiac remodeling. ECs may serve a critical function in mediating the connection between CMD and HFpEF. It follows that CMECs participate in the mechanism of CMD leading to HFpEF. In this review article, we focus on the role of CMD in the pathogenesis of HFpEF resulting from cardiac remodeling and highlight the subsequent complexity of the EC-mediated correlation between CMD and HFpEF.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang L, Zhang D, Zhan W, Zeng Z, Yin J, Wang K, Wang H, Song L, Gu Z, Guo C, Zhong Q, Wang W, Rong X, Bei W, Guo J. Chinese medicine Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule ameliorates coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus-related coronary heart disease minipigs. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113831. [PMID: 36228370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus-related coronary heart disease (DM-CHD) is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Various studies have shown that Chinese medicine Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi capsule (FTZ) has therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. More research is required to determine the mechanism of FTZ protection against coronary atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the unique mechanism of FTZ in treatment of DM-CHD minipigs with coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS High-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol diet combined with streptozotocin and coronary balloon injury were used to induce DM-CHD minipig model, which was then randomly divided into: DM-CHD model, DM-CHD treated with FTZ or positive drug (Metformin + Atorvastatin, M+A). After twenty-two weeks, ultrasonography, electrocardiography, and image detection were employed to detect cardiac functions and assess coronary artery stenosis and plaque. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated high glucose or/and FTZ. Pigs tissues and treated-cells were collected for further testing. RESULTS In DM-CHD minipigs, FTZ treatment significantly reduced disordered glycolipid metabolism similar as M+A administration. FTZ and M+A also alleviated coronary stenosis and myocardial injury. In addition, IκB and NF-κB phosphorylation levels, as well as the protein levels of IL-1β, Bax, cleave-Caspase 3, Bcl-2, and α-SMA were dramatically increased in the DM-CHD coronary artery, whereas CD31 and VE-cadherin expressions were decreased. Similar to M+A, FTZ reversed these protein levels in the DM-CHD coronary artery. Furthermore, FTZ ameliorated the damage and high migration activity of HUVECs induced by high glucose. CONCLUSIONS FTZ improves coronary atherosclerosis through modulating inflammation, alleviating apoptosis, and inhibiting EndMT of coronary artery to protects against DM-CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhihuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianying Yin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lixia Song
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanhui Gu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caijuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), SATCM Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ding X, An Q, Zhao W, Song Y, Tang X, Wang J, Chang CC, Zhao G, Hsiai T, Fan G, Fan Y, Li S. Distinct patterns of responses in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells following vascular injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153769. [DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
30
|
Liu H, Zhu L, Chen L, Li L. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis: A review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4080-4100. [PMID: 36029188 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the onset of endothelial cell damage and is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrinogen and lipid in large and middle arteries. Recent researches indicate that traditional Chinese medicine including Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Fructus Crataegi, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Fructus Lycii, and Coptidis Rhizoma have therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the pharmacological roles of these kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis refer to endothelial function influences, cell proliferation and migration, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and the gut microbiome. Traditional Chinese medicine may serve as potential and effective anti-atherosclerosis drugs. However, a critical study has shown that Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma may also have toxic effects including pustules, fever, and elevate circulating neutrophil count. Further high-quality studies are still required to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Mechanical variables such as stiffness, stress, strain, and fluid shear stress are central to tissue functions, thus, must be maintained within the proper range. Mechanics are especially important in the cardiovascular system and lung, the functions of which are essentially mechanical. Mechanical homeostasis is characterized by negative feedback in which deviations from the optimal value or set point activates mechanisms to return the system to the correct range. In chronic diseases, homeostatic mechanisms are generally overcome or replaced with positive feedback loops that promote disease progression. Recent work has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to mechanical homeostasis in a number of biological systems and that perturbations to miRNA biogenesis play key roles in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In this review, we integrate current knowledge of miRNAs in mechanical homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ananthaseshan S, Bojakowski K, Sacharczuk M, Poznanski P, Skiba DS, Prahl Wittberg L, McKenzie J, Szkulmowska A, Berg N, Andziak P, Menkens H, Wojtkowski M, Religa D, Lundell F, Guzik T, Gaciong Z, Religa P. Red blood cell distribution width is associated with increased interactions of blood cells with vascular wall. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13676. [PMID: 35953533 PMCID: PMC9366818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the association between elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) and poor prognosis in variety of diseases is unknown although many researchers consider RDW a marker of inflammation. We hypothesized that RDW directly affects intravascular hemodynamics, interactions between circulating cells and vessel wall, inducing local changes predisposing to atherothrombosis. We applied different human and animal models to verify our hypothesis. Carotid plaques harvested from patients with high RDW had increased expression of genes and proteins associated with accelerated atherosclerosis as compared to subjects with low RDW. In microfluidic channels samples of blood from high RDW subjects showed flow pattern facilitating direct interaction with vessel wall. Flow pattern was also dependent on RDW value in mouse carotid arteries analyzed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In different mouse models of elevated RDW accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions in aortas was observed. Therefore, comprehensive biological, fluid physics and optics studies showed that variation of red blood cells size measured by RDW results in increased interactions between vascular wall and circulating morphotic elements which contribute to vascular pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Bojakowski
- 2nd Vascular Surgery and Angiology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Piotr Poznanski
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Dominik S Skiba
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | | | - Jordan McKenzie
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niclas Berg
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Andziak
- 2nd Vascular Surgery and Angiology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Menkens
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Fredrik Lundell
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zbigniew Gaciong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Religa
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang H, Li L, Zhang L, Zang G, Sun Z, Wang Z. Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895005. [PMID: 35928939 PMCID: PMC9343736 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is active and regulates extraosseous ossification progress, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost layer of blood vessels and directly respond to changes in flow shear stress and blood composition. Together with vascular smooth muscle cells, ECs maintain vascular homeostasis. Increased evidence shows that ECs have irreplaceable roles in VC due to their high plasticity. Endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, autocrine and paracrine functions, mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and other factors prompt ECs to participate in VC. EndMT is a dedifferentiation process by which ECs lose their cell lineage and acquire other cell lineages; this progress coexists in both embryonic development and CVD. EndMT is regulated by several signaling molecules and transcription factors and ultimately mediates VC via osteogenic differentiation. The specific molecular mechanism of EndMT remains unclear. Can EndMT be reversed to treat VC? To address this and other questions, this study reviews the pathogenesis and research progress of VC, expounds the role of ECs in VC, and focuses on the regulatory factors underlying EndMT, with a view to providing new concepts for VC prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqun Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Q, Cheng Z, Huang B, Luo S, Guo Y. Palmitic acid promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109321. [PMID: 35697075 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) lead to endothelial dysfunction, a process that is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) has been reported to accelerate endothelial dysfunction during the process of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of EndMT remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the cytosolic DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator interferon gene (cGAS-STING) pathway in palmitic acid (PA)-induced EndMT. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed to different concentrations of PA, and subsequently its effects on EndMT and the cGAS-STING pathway were assessed. To investigate the role of cGAS-STING pathway on PA-induced EndMT, RNA interference was used to knockdown the expression of cGAS in HAECs prior to their exposure to PA. First, it was observed that PA reduced cell viability and intracellular nitric oxide production, and increased migratory capacity of the HAECs as well as the cellular oxidative stress response, leading to EndMT. Moreover, it was observed that the cGAS-STING pathway was activated in PA-exposed primary HAECs. Activating cGAS-STING pathway via mtDNA directing lead to EndMT in HAECs. Interestingly, cGAS knockdown by RNA interference attenuated PA-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and EndMT in HAECs. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that the cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway may have important roles in PA-induced EndMT in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng Q, Shan D, Cui K, Li K, Zhu B, Wu H, Wang B, Wong S, Norton V, Dong Y, Lu YW, Zhou C, Chen H. The Role of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1834. [PMID: 35681530 PMCID: PMC9180466 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is the process of endothelial cells progressively losing endothelial-specific markers and gaining mesenchymal phenotypes. In the normal physiological condition, EndoMT plays a fundamental role in forming the cardiac valves of the developing heart. However, EndoMT contributes to the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, valve diseases, fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EndoMT in CVD should provide urgently needed insights into reversing this condition. This review summarizes a 30-year span of relevant literature, delineating the EndoMT process in particular, key signaling pathways, and the underlying regulatory networks involved in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianman Peng
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Dan Shan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Vikram Norton
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tong KL, Tan KE, Lim YY, Tien XY, Wong PF. CircRNA-miRNA interactions in atherogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2703-2733. [PMID: 35604519 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) which includes unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The onset of atherogenesis, a process of atherosclerotic lesion formation in the intima of arteries, is driven by lipid accumulation, a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions leading to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and foam cell formation which further fuel plaque formation and destabilization. In recent years, there is a surge in the number of publications reporting the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and metabolic syndromes. These studies have advanced our understanding on the biological functions of circRNAs. One of the most common mechanism of action of circRNAs reported is the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs) by binding to the miRNAs response element (MRE), thereby indirectly increases the transcription of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Individual networks of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA associated with atherogenesis have been extensively reported, however, there is a need to connect these findings for a complete overview. This review aims to provide an update on atherogenesis-related circRNAs and analyze the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in atherogenesis. The atherogenic mechanisms and clinical relevance of each atherogenesis-related circRNA were systematically discussed for better understanding of the knowledge gap in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kind-Leng Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ke-En Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Yi Tien
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endothelial ETS1 inhibition exacerbate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis through inducing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:462. [PMID: 35568723 PMCID: PMC9107459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been recognized as an early pathological feature and contributing factor in multiple sclerosis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a process associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to the disruption of vessel stability and barrier function, yet its functional consequence in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition accompanied the blood-brain barrier dysfunction in several neurological disorders, especially in multiple sclerosis. The activity of transcription factor ETS1, which is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and responded to an inflammatory condition, is suppressed in the central nervous system (CNS) ECs in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We identify ETS1 as a central regulator of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) associated with the compromise of barrier integrity. These phenotypical and functional alterations can further induce high permeability, immune infiltration, and organ fibrosis in multiple sclerosis, thus promoting disease progression. Together, these results demonstrate a functional role of EndMT in blood-brain barrier dysfunction and propose ETS1 as a potential transcriptional switch of EndMT to target the development of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kutikhin AG, Shishkova DK, Velikanova EA, Sinitsky MY, Sinitskaya AV, Markova VE. Endothelial Dysfunction in the Context of Blood–Brain Barrier Modeling. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:781-806. [PMID: 35789679 PMCID: PMC9243926 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discuss pathophysiological approaches to the defining
of endothelial dysfunction criteria (i.e., endothelial activation,
impaired endothelial mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal
transition, reduced nitric oxide release, compromised endothelial
integrity, and loss of anti-thrombogenic properties) in different
in vitro and in vivo models. The canonical definition of endothelial
dysfunction includes insufficient production of vasodilators, pro-thrombotic
and pro-inflammatory activation of endothelial cells, and pathologically
increased endothelial permeability. Among the clinical consequences
of endothelial dysfunction are arterial hypertension, macro- and
microangiopathy, and microalbuminuria. We propose to extend the definition
of endothelial dysfunction by adding altered endothelial mechanotransduction
and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to its criteria. Albeit
interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and MCP-1/CCL2 dictate the pathogenic
paracrine effects of dysfunctional endothelial cells and are therefore
reliable endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in vitro, they are non-specific
for endothelial cells and cannot be used for the diagnostics of
endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Conceptual improvements in the
existing methods to model endothelial dysfunction, specifically,
in relation to the blood–brain barrier, include endothelial cell
culturing under pulsatile flow, collagen IV coating of flow chambers,
and endothelial lysate collection from the blood vessels of laboratory
animals in situ for the subsequent gene and protein expression profiling.
Combined with the simulation of paracrine effects by using conditioned
medium from dysfunctional endothelial cells, these flow-sensitive
models have a high physiological relevance, bringing the experimental
conditions to the physiological scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Kutikhin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - D. K. Shishkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - E. A. Velikanova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - M. Yu. Sinitsky
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - A. V. Sinitskaya
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - V. E. Markova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pilard M, Ollivier EL, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Couturaud F, Lemarié CA. Endothelial Cell Phenotype, a Major Determinant of Venous Thrombo-Inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864735. [PMID: 35528838 PMCID: PMC9068971 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced blood flow velocity in the vein triggers inflammation and is associated with the release into the extracellular space of alarmins or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules include extracellular nucleic acids, extracellular purinergic nucleotides (ATP, ADP), cytokines and extracellular HMGB1. They are recognized as a danger signal by immune cells, platelets and endothelial cells. Hence, endothelial cells are capable of sensing environmental cues through a wide variety of receptors expressed at the plasma membrane. The endothelium is then responding by expressing pro-coagulant proteins, including tissue factor, and inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment and activation of platelets and leukocytes. This ultimately leads to thrombosis, which is an active pro-inflammatory process, tightly regulated, that needs to be properly resolved to avoid further vascular damages. These mechanisms are often dysregulated, which promote fibrinolysis defects, activation of the immune system and irreversible vascular damages further contributing to thrombotic and inflammatory processes. The concept of thrombo-inflammation is now widely used to describe the complex interactions between the coagulation and inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells, activating signals converge to multiple intracellular pathways leading to phenotypical changes turning them into inflammatory-like cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may be a major mechanism of endothelial dysfunction induced during inflammation and thrombosis. EndMT is a biological process where endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal markers and functions. Endothelial dysfunction might play a central role in orchestrating and amplifying thrombo-inflammation thought induction of EndMT processes. Mechanisms regulating endothelial dysfunction have been only partially uncovered in the context of thrombotic diseases. In the present review, we focus on the importance of the endothelial phenotype and discuss how endothelial plasticity may regulate the interplay between thrombosis and inflammation. We discuss how the endothelial cells are sensing and responding to environmental cues and contribute to thrombo-inflammation with a particular focus on venous thromboembolism (VTE). A better understanding of the precise mechanisms involved and the specific role of endothelial cells is needed to characterize VTE incidence and address the risk of recurrent VTE and its sequelae.
Collapse
|
40
|
Liang G, Wang S, Shao J, Jin Y, Xu L, Yan Y, Günther S, Wang L, Offermanns S. Tenascin-X Mediates Flow-Induced Suppression of EndMT and Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 130:1647-1659. [PMID: 35443807 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a critical driver of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) is a key mediator of EndMT. Both EndMT and atherosclerosis are promoted by disturbed flow, whereas unidirectional laminar flow limits EndMT and is atheroprotective. How EndMT and endothelial TGF-β signaling are regulated by different flow patterns is, however, still poorly understood. METHODS Flow chamber experiments in vitro and endothelium-specific knockout mice were used to study the role of tenascin-X in the regulation of EndMT and atherosclerosis as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In human endothelial cells as well as in human and mouse aortae, unidirectional laminar flow but not disturbed flow strongly increased endothelial expression of the extracellular matrix protein TN-X (tenascin-X) in a KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) dependent manner. Mice with endothelium-specific loss of TN-X (EC-Tnxb-KO) showed increased endothelial TGF-β signaling as well as increased endothelial expression of EndMT and inflammatory marker genes. When EC-Tnxb-KO mice were subjected to partial carotid artery ligation, we observed increased vascular remodeling. EC-Tnxb-KO mice crossed to low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice showed advanced atherosclerotic lesions after being fed a high-fat diet. Treatment of EC-Tnxb-KO mice with an anti-TGF-beta antibody or additional endothelial loss of TGF-beta receptors 1 and 2 normalized endothelial TGF-beta signaling and prevented EndMT. In in vitro studies, we found that TN-X through its fibrinogen-like domain directly interacts with TGF-β and thereby interferes with its binding to the TGF-β receptor. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that TN-X is a central mediator of flow-induced inhibition of EndMT, endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis, which functions by binding to and by blocking the activity of TGF-β. Our data identify a novel mechanism of flow-dependent regulation of vascular TGF-β, which holds promise for generating new strategies to prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (S.W., L.X.)
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - YoungJune Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - Liran Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (S.W., L.X.)
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany (G.L., J.S., Y.J., L.W., S.O.).,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O.).,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang S, Cheng R, Xu X, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Shi X, Gao J, Yu F, Ren X. Periodontitis exacerbates endothelial dysfunctions partly via endothelial-mesenchymal transition in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:660-669. [PMID: 35435999 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal infections are related to the expansion of diabetes cardiovascular problems. However, the pathological process and probable mechanism remain unexplained. This study investigated the impact of periodontitis on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats' carotid artery. METHODS We randomized 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into four groups: control, chronic periodontitis (CP), diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM +CP groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c ) were measured to verify the establishment of the DM model. After euthanasia, the maxillary was collected for further studies like hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson staining, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-related markers in carotid artery wall. We further used ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Compared with DM and CP groups, bone resorption and pathological changes of the vascular wall were the most serious in the DM+CP group. The vascular wall of the DM+CP group had a higher level of interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The carotid artery vascular wall of the DM+CP group contained more cells that expressed both mesenchymal and endothelial cell markers, along with elevated transcription factor levels. Furthermore, P.g-LPS and HG upregulated the inflammatory cytokines expression and caused phenotypic changes of HUVECs in vitro. CONCLUSION Periodontitis exacerbates endothelial dysfunctions partly via endothelial-mesenchymal transition in STZ-induced diabetes rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Yang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuexue Shi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ, Maheshwari A. Role of the Endothelium in Neonatal Diseases. NEWBORN 2022; 1:44-57. [PMID: 35754998 PMCID: PMC9217741 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In both fetal and neonatal physiologic and pathologic processes in most organs, endothelial cells are known to play critical roles. Although the endothelium is one of the most ubiquitous cell type in the body, the tight adherence to the blood vessel wall has made it difficult to study their diverse function and structure. In this article, we have reviewed endothelial cell origins and explored their heterogeneity in terms of structure, function, developmental changes, and their role in inflammatory and infectious diseases. We have also attempted to evaluate the untapped therapeutic potentials of endothelial cells in neonatal disease. This article comprises various peer-reviewed studies, including ours, and an extensive database literature search from EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olachi J Mezu-Ndubuisi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Slenders L, Tessels DE, van der Laan SW, Pasterkamp G, Mokry M. The Applications of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Atherosclerotic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826103. [PMID: 35211529 PMCID: PMC8860895 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis still is the primary cause of death worldwide. Our characterization of the atherosclerotic lesion is mainly rooted in definitions based on pathological descriptions. We often speak in absolutes regarding plaque phenotypes: vulnerable vs. stable plaques or plaque rupture vs. plaque erosion. By focusing on these concepts, we may have oversimplified the atherosclerotic disease and its mechanisms. The widely used definitions of pathology-based plaque phenotypes can be fine-tuned with observations made with various -omics techniques. Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics provide the opportunity to characterize the cellular composition of the atherosclerotic plaque. This additional layer of information facilitates the in-depth characterization of the atherosclerotic plaque. In this review, we discuss the impact that single-cell transcriptomics may exert on our current understanding of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle E. Tessels
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bouska MJ, Bai H. Loxl2 is a mediator of cardiac aging in Drosophila melanogaster, genetically examining the role of aging clock genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab381. [PMID: 34734976 PMCID: PMC8727986 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic, proteomic, and methylation aging clocks demonstrate that aging has a predictable preset program, while transcriptome trajectory turning points indicate that the 20-40 age range in humans is the likely stage at which the progressive loss of homeostatic control, and in turn aging, begins to have detrimental effects. Turning points in this age range overlapping with human aging clock genes revealed five candidates that we hypothesized could play a role in aging or age-related physiological decline. To examine these gene's effects on lifespan and health-span, we utilized whole body and heart-specific gene knockdown of human orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster. Whole body lysyl oxidase like 2 (Loxl2), fz3, and Glo1 RNAi positively affected lifespan as did heart-specific Loxl2 knockdown. Loxl2 inhibition concurrently reduced age-related cardiac arrythmia and collagen (Pericardin) fiber width. Loxl2 binds several transcription factors in humans and RT-qPCR confirmed that a conserved transcriptional target CDH1 (Drosophila CadN2) has expression levels which correlate with Loxl2 reduction in Drosophila. These results point to conserved pathways and multiple mechanisms by which inhibition of Loxl2 can be beneficial to heart health and organismal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bouska
- Department of Genetics, Development, & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vascular Pathobiology: Atherosclerosis and Large Vessel Disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelium as a Driver of Atherosclerosis: Emerging Insights Into Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787541. [PMID: 35002720 PMCID: PMC8727904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the chronic accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque within arteries, is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in high-income countries and recent years have witnessed a notable increase in prevalence within low- and middle-income regions of the world. Considering this prominent and evolving global burden, there is a need to identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to discover novel therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating its clinical sequelae. Despite decades of research, we still do not fully understand the complex cell-cell interactions that drive atherosclerosis, but new investigative approaches are rapidly shedding light on these essential mechanisms. The vascular endothelium resides at the interface of systemic circulation and the underlying vessel wall and plays an essential role in governing pathophysiological processes during atherogenesis. In this review, we present emerging evidence that implicates the activated endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis by directing site-specificity of plaque formation and by promoting plaque development through intracellular processes, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and turnover, metabolism, permeability, and plasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel mechanisms of intercellular communication by which endothelial cells modulate the activity of key vascular cell populations involved in atherogenesis, and discuss how endothelial cells contribute to resolution biology - a process that is dysregulated in advanced plaques. Finally, we describe important future directions for preclinical atherosclerosis research, including epigenetic and targeted therapies, to limit the progression of atherosclerosis in at-risk or affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ciccia F, Macaluso F, Mauro D, Nicoletti GF, Croci S, Salvarani C. New insights into the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis: are they relevant for precision medicine? THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 3:e874-e885. [PMID: 38287633 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis is a primary granulomatous vasculitis characterised by a strict tissue tropism for large and medium-size vessels, occurring in people older than 50 years. Although considerable progress in understanding some of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis has been made in the past 10 years, specific triggers of disease and mechanisms of chronic damage have not yet been identified. The definition of a specific pro-inflammatory hierarchy between the multiple cell types and the different cytokines or chemokines involved in the inflammatory process are still unexplored areas of study. The overall goal of precision medicine is to identify the best possible therapeutic approach for an individual or group of individuals with a given disease. The fundamental prerequisite of this approach is the identification, at baseline, of clinical and imaging findings and of molecular biomarkers that allow a precise stratification of patients and an adequate prediction of the therapeutic response. In this regard, the possibility of obtaining temporal artery biopsies for diagnostic purposes offers incredible exploratory possibilities to define different disease pathotypes potentially susceptible to different therapeutic interventions. In this Series paper, we will describe the most recent evidence relating to the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis, trying to define, if possible, a new pathogenetic-centred approach to patients with giant cell arteritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Macaluso
- Department of Precision Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento Specialità Mediche, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università della Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Autoimmunità, Allergologia e Biotecnologie Innovative, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Dipartimento Specialità Mediche, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vasan RS, Pan S, Larson MG, Mitchell GF, Xanthakis V. Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Health: Joint Relations to the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension 2021; 78:1232-1240. [PMID: 34601961 PMCID: PMC8516717 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Martin G. Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Endothelial Contribution to Warfarin-Induced Arterial Media Calcification in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111615. [PMID: 34769044 PMCID: PMC8583869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial media calcification (AMC) is predominantly regulated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which transdifferentiate into pro-calcifying cells. In contrast, there is little evidence for endothelial cells playing a role in the disease. The current study investigates cellular functioning and molecular pathways underlying AMC, respectively by, an ex vivo isometric organ bath set-up to explore the interaction between VSMCs and ECs and quantitative proteomics followed by functional pathway interpretation. AMC development, which was induced in mice by dietary warfarin administration, was proved by positive Von Kossa staining and a significantly increased calcium content in the aorta compared to that of control mice. The ex vivo organ bath set-up showed calcified aortic segments to be significantly more sensitive to phenylephrine induced contraction, compared to control segments. This, together with the fact that calcified segments as compared to control segments, showed a significantly smaller contraction in the absence of extracellular calcium, argues for a reduced basal NO production in the calcified segments. Moreover, proteomic data revealed a reduced eNOS activation to be part of the vascular calcification process. In summary, this study identifies a poor endothelial function, next to classic pro-calcifying stimuli, as a possible initiator of arterial calcification.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen L, Wang G, He J, Yang X, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Liu Y, Chen D, Lin R, Wang W. SIRT6 inhibits endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through attenuating the vascular endothelial inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108240. [PMID: 34666304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process of transdifferentiation in which endothelial cells gradually adopt the phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal cells. Emerging studies demonstrate the importance of EndMT in endothelial dysfunction during inflammation. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the mammalian NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family, plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases by regulating the inflammatory response. However, little is known about the effect of SIRT6 on EndMT during vascular inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of SIRT6 on EndMT in endothelium-specific SIRT6 knockout (ecSIRT6-/-) mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with inflammatory cytokines. First, we found that TNF-α and IL-1β co-treatment induced EndMT and down-regulated SIRT6 expression in HUVECs. Adenovirus-mediated SIRT6 overexpression suppressed inflammation-induced EndMT in HUVECs. In contrast, SIRT6 knockdown further promoted EndMT. Our findings also revealed that SIRT6 attenuated the inflammatory response of HUVECs. Additionally, vascular inflammation was induced by carotid artery ligation in ecSIRT6-/- mice. Results showed that the intima of ligated carotid arteries in ecSIRT6-/- mice was significantly thickened compared to that in ecSIRT6+/+ ligated mice. Moreover, endothelium-specific SIRT6 knockout promoted EndMT and increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the carotid arteries of mice. These results suggest that SIRT6 inhibits EndMT through attenuating the vascular endothelial inflammatory response. These findings may have significance for reducing the occurrence of EndMT and ameliorating certain aspects of vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Danli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|