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Shelake G, Baviskar S, Panda AK, Solankure S, Pandey K, Chauthe S, Behera SK. Exploring the rare variants associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian population and its disease-drug association studies: an in-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6307-6322. [PMID: 37440426 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The diversified eating habits and religious culture of Indian population may be one of the reasons they largely contribute to the global diabetes burden. In the present investigation, an in-silico approach was carried out to explore hub genes in the Indian population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) that are scantily reported in the GWAS catalogue and probable potential anti-diabetic drugs from plants. This computational approach unwrapped LEP (leptin) as the hub gene among 170 genes analyzed with 14 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) with MAF < 0.01. The mutation of the LEP gene leads to a decrease in leptin concentration, which increases the risk of obesity and T2DM. According to the DUET webserver, 11 of 14 mutations examined were found to destabilize the LEP protein. Among 14, four barely reported LEP variants rs781301976 (I45N), rs776443424 (S52F), rs200915360 (D76Y), and rs1191666811 (D162N) were unzipped to be associated with T2DM, which may be the probable potential drug targets. The virtual screening revealed Vescalagin as having the highest binding energy among 336 natural compounds. Molecular docking of Vescalagin depicted higher binding energy (-9.0 kcal/mol) against mutated LEP [rs200915360 (D76Y)] compared to wild (-8.9 kcal/mol) and LEP-Metformin complexes. The trajectory analysis of MD simulations revealed that Vescalagin was more effective than Metformin in stabilizing the system. The present study suggests that the associations of the investigated nsSNPs in LEP [rs200915360 (D76Y)] and others can be key factors in the predominant role of T2DM morbidity in the Indian population that can be used as potential markers and drug targets for T2DM therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shelake
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha Baviskar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrita Kumari Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Sarguja, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sunetra Solankure
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Komal Pandey
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddheshwar Chauthe
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Roy S, Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Das S, Dinda SC, Bose A, Gorain B. Terpenoids as potential phytoconstituent in the treatment of diabetes: From preclinical to clinical advancement. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155638. [PMID: 38728916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, a hyperglycemic condition associated with multitudinous organ dysfunction, is a hallmark of the metabolic disorder. This life-threatening condition affects millions of individuals globally, harming them financially, physically and psychologically in the course of therapy. PURPOSES The course therapy for illnesses has undergone ground-breaking transformations due to recent technical advances and insights. Alternatively, the administration of hyperglycemia-reducing agents results in several complications, including severe cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, hepatic problems, and several dermatological conditions. Consideration of alternate diabetic therapy having minimal side effects or no adverse reactions has been driven by such problems. STUDY DESIGN An extensive literature study was conducted in authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the studies elucidating the bioactivities of terpenoids in diabetic conditions. METHODS Keywords including 'terpenoids', 'monoterpenes', 'diterpenes', 'sesquiterpenes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'clinical trials', 'preclinical studies', and 'increased blood glucose' were used to identify the relevant research articles. The exclusion criteria, such as English language, duplication, open access, abstract only, and studies not involving preclinical and clinical research, were set. Based on these criteria, 937 relevant articles were selected for further evaluation. RESULTS Triterpenes can serve as therapeutic agents for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney dysfunction by inhibiting several pathways linked to hyperglycemia and its complications. Therefore, it is essential to draw special attention to these compounds' therapeutic effectiveness and provide scientific professionals with novel data. CONCLUSION This study addressed recent progress in research focussing on mechanisms of terpenoid, its by-products, physiological actions, and therapeutic applications, particularly in diabetic and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Roy
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Subas Chandra Dinda
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirbandeep Bose
- School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Barbaria, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Wang ZJ, Ma P, Xu CY, Xu TS, Zhang L, He P, Hou BY, Yang XY, Du GH, Ji TF, Qiang GF. Identification of a novel hypoglycemic small molecule, trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene by rectifying gut microbiota and activating hepatic AMPKα-PPARγ pathway through gut-liver axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116760. [PMID: 38788595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia has become a common risk factor that endangers people's lives and the need for new drug solutions is burgeoning. Trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene (TDMS), a synthetic stilbene, has been found as a novel hypoglycemic small molecule from glucose consumption test. Normal C57BL/6 J mice, mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus and diet-induced obesity subjected to TDMS gavage were found with lower glycemic levels and better glycemic control. TDMS significantly improved the symptoms of polydipsia and wasting in type 1 diabetic mice, and could rise their body temperature at the same time. It was found that TDMS could promote the expression of key genes of glucose metabolism in HepG2, as do in TDMS-treated liver, while it could improve the intestinal flora and relieve intestinal metabolic dysbiosis in hyperglycemic models, which in turn affected its function in the liver, forming the gut-liver axis. We further fished PPARγ by virtual screening that could be promoted by TDMS both in-vitro and in-vivo, which was regulated by upstream signaling of AMPKα phosphorylation. As a novel hypoglycemic small molecule, TDMS was proven to be promising with its glycemic improvements and amelioration of diabetes symptoms. It promoted glucose absorption and utilization by the liver and improved the intestinal flora of diabetic mice. Therefore, TDMS is expected to become a new hypoglycemic drug that acts through gut-liver axis via AMPKα-PPARγ signaling pathway in improving glycemic metabolism, bringing new hope to patients with diabetes and glucose metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Tian-Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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Basumatary S, Adhikari PP, Das AK, Raaman N, Sharma GD, Sarmah J, Dihingia A, Baishya R, Manna P, Kalita J. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of fruit extract of Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thomson in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118094. [PMID: 38521433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hodgsonia heteroclita has been known as an important traditionally consumed medicinal plant of North-East India known to have antidiabetic properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of the ethanolic fruit extract of Hodgsonia heteroclita against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by using streptozotocin (STZ) treated diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fruits of H. heteroclita were collected from the various parts of Kokrajhar district, Assam India (Geographic coordinates: 26°24'3.85″ N 90°16'22.30″ E). Basic morphological evaluations were carried out by the Botanical Survey of India, Eastern circle, Shillong, who also certified and identified the plant. Hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts of the fruit of H. heteroclita were investigated for α-amylase inhibition assay as a rapid screening tool for examining anti-diabetic activity. The efficacy of ethanolic extract at a dose of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight was tested for 21 days in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The body weight, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids, and hepatic glycogen levels were measured in experimental animals to examine the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic efficacy of the extract. Both HPTLC and LC-MS analysis was performed to examine the phyotochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of H. heteroclita. RESULTS It has been observed that treatment with the ethanolic extract dose-dependently reduced the plasma glucose levels, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and increased the body weight, liver glycogens and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in STZ treated diabetic mice. HPTLC demonstrated the presence of triterpene compounds and LC-MS analysis revealed the presence Cucurbitacin I, Cucurbitacin E, and Kuguacin G as the triterpene phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that ethanolic fruit extract of H. heteroclita improved both glycemic and lipid parameters in mice model of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Basumatary
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Conservation, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Partha Pradip Adhikari
- Laboratory of Natural Product and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India; Genoine Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Subhash Nagar, Karimganj, 788710, Assam, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Das
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Conservation, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Nanjian Raaman
- Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Gauri Dutt Sharma
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India; Bilaspur Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jatin Sarmah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Assam, 783370, India
| | - Anjum Dihingia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Rinku Baishya
- Centre for Preclinical Studies, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.
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Ju M, Deng T, Jia X, Gong M, Li Y, Liu F, Yin Y. The causal relationship between anti-diabetic drugs and gastrointestinal disorders: a drug-targeted mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:141. [PMID: 38918852 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic gastrointestinal diseases is increasing year by year. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between antidiabetic medications and gastrointestinal disorders, with the goal of reducing the incidence of diabetes-related gastrointestinal diseases and exploring the potential repurposing of antidiabetic drugs. METHODS We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) design to investigate the causal association between antidiabetic medications and gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric ulcer (GU), chronic gastritis, acute gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric cancer (GC), functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), diverticulosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify potential inhibitors of antidiabetic drug targets, we collected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, and its analogs, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from published genome-wide association study statistics. We then conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analytical method to assess the impact of these inhibitors on gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, diabetes was selected as a positive control. RESULTS Sulfonylureas were found to significantly reduce the risk of CD (IVW: OR [95% CI] = 0.986 [0.978, 0.995], p = 1.99 × 10- 3), GERD (IVW: OR [95% CI] = 0.649 [0.452, 0.932], p = 1.90 × 10- 2), and chronic gastritis (IVW: OR [95% CI] = 0.991 [0.982, 0.999], p = 4.50 × 10- 2). However, they were associated with an increased risk of GU development (IVW: OR [95%CI] = 2 0.761 [1.259, 6.057], p = 1 0.12 × 10- 2). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that sulfonylureas had a positive effect on the prevention of CD, GERD, and chronic gastritis but a negative effect on the development of gastric ulcers. However, our research found no causal evidence for the impact of metformin, GLP-1 agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP 4 inhibitors, insulin and its analogs, thiazolidinediones, or alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Ju
- College of Acupuncture and moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemin Jia
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menglin Gong
- College of Acupuncture and moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Li
- College of Acupuncture and moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fanjie Liu
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center (School of Biomedical Sciences), Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Alasvand Zarasvand S, Ogawa S, Nestor B, Bridges W, Haley-Zitlin V. Effects of Herbal Tea (Non-Camellia sinensis) on Glucose Homeostasis and Serum Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae068. [PMID: 38894639 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increase the risk for diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. Identification of safe and cost-effective means to reduce risk factors is needed. Herbal teas may be a vehicle to deliver antioxidants and polyphenols for prevention of complications. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and summarize the impact of herbal tea (non-Camellia sinensis) on glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DATA SOURCES PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through February 2023 using relevant keyword proxy terms for diabetes, serum lipids, and "non-Camellia sinensis" or "tea." DATA EXTRACTION Data from 14 randomized controlled trials, totaling 551 participants, were included in the meta-analysis of glycemic and serum lipid profile end points. RESULTS Meta-analysis suggested a significant association between drinking herbal tea (prepared with 2-20 g d-1 plant ingredients) and reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = .0034) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P = .045). In subgroup analysis based on studies using water or placebo as the control, significant reductions were found in serum total cholesterol (TC; P = .024), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = .037), and triglyceride (TG; P = .043) levels with a medium effect size. Meta-regression analysis suggested that study characteristics, including the ratio of male participants, trial duration, and region, were significant sources of FBG and HbA1c effect size heterogeneity; type of control intervention was a significant source of TC and LDL-C effect size heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Herbal tea consumption significantly affected glycemic profiles in individuals with T2D, lowering FBG levels and HbA1c. Significance was seen in improved lipid profiles (TC, TG, and LDL-C levels) through herbal tea treatments when water or placebo was the control. This suggests water or placebo may be a more suitable control when examining antidiabetic properties of beverages. Additional research is needed to corroborate these findings, given the limited number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, United States
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Bailey Nestor
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, United States
| | - William Bridges
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Vivian Haley-Zitlin
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, United States
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Tuccinardi D, Watanabe M, Masi D, Monte L, Bonifazi Meffe L, Cavallari I, Nusca A, Maddaloni E, Gnessi L, Napoli N, Manfrini S, Grigioni F. Rethinking weight loss treatments as cardiovascular medicine in obesity, a comprehensive review. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae171. [PMID: 38833329 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The global escalation of obesity has made it a worldwide health concern, notably as a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence corroborates its association with a range of cardiac complications, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and heightened vulnerability to sudden cardiac events. Additionally, obesity contributes to the emergence of other cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders, further amplifying the predisposition to CVD. To adequately address CVD in patients with obesity, it is crucial to first understand the pathophysiology underlying this link. We herein explore these intricate mechanisms, including adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and alterations in the gut microbiome.Recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology underscore the pivotal role of diagnosing and treating obesity to prevent CVD. However, the intricate relationship between obesity and CVD poses significant challenges in clinical practice: the presence of obesity can impede accurate CVD diagnosis while optimizing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments or cardiac procedures requires meticulous adjustment, and it is crucial that cardiologists acknowledge the implications of excessive weight while striving to enhance outcomes for the vulnerable population affected by obesity. We, therefore, sought to overcome controversial aspects in the clinical management of heart disease in patients with overweight/obesity and present evidence on cardiometabolic outcomes associated with currently available weight management interventions, with the objective of equipping clinicians with an evidence-based approach to recognize and address CVD risks associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Masi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Monte
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonifazi Meffe
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nusca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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Chahal S, Rani P, Shweta, Goel KK, Joshi G, Singh R, Kumar P, Singh D, Sindhu J. Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole-linked 1,2,3-triazoles as antioxidant agents: Exploring their utility in the development of antidiabetic drugs via inhibition of α-amylase and DPP4 activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107363. [PMID: 38657527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Environment-benign, multicomponent synthetic methodologies are vital in modern pharmaceutical research and facilitates multi-targeted drug development via synergistic approach. Herein, we reported green and efficient synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole linked 1,2,3-triazoles using a tea waste supported copper catalyst (TWCu). The synthetic approach involves a one-pot, five-component reaction using N-propargylated isatin, hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate and aryl azides as model substrates. Mechanistically, the reaction was found to proceed via in situ pyrazolone formation followed by Knoevenagel condensation, azide alkyne cycloaddition and Michael's addition reactions. The molecules were developed using structure-based drug design. The primary goal is to identifying anti-oxidant molecules with potential ability to modulate α-amylase and DPP4 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) activity. The anti-oxidant analysis, as determined via DPPH, suggested that the synthesized compounds, A6 and A10 possessed excellent anti-oxidant potential compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In contrast, compounds A3, A5, A8, A9, A13, A15, and A18 were found to possess comparable anti-oxidant potential. Among these, A3 and A13 possessed potential α-amylase inhibitory activity compared to the acarbose, and A3 further emerged as dual inhibitors of both DPP4 and α-amylase with anti-oxidant potential. The relationship of functionalities on their anti-oxidant and enzymatic inhibition was explored in context to their SAR that was further corroborated using in silico techniques and enzyme kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Shweta
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar-246174, Dist. Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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10
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Xia T, He W, Luo Z, Wang K, Tan X. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids-induced activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB/INS pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132256. [PMID: 38729481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota variances reflecting the severity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) can regulate gut microbiota. However, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanism of ABP remain unclear. Herein, we characterized the structure of ABP and revealed the hypoglycemic effect of ABP in mice with T2DM. ABP repaired the intestinal barrier in T2DM mice and regulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, especially increasing bacteria which producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), then increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. The abundance of these bacteria was positively correlated with blood lipid and INS levels, negatively correlated with FBG levels. Colon transcriptome data and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the alleviating T2DM effect of ABP was related to activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/INS pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the transmissible efficacy of ABP through gut microbiota. Overall, our research shows that ABP plays a hypoglycemic role by increasing gut microbiota-derived SCFAs levels, and activating the GLP-1/GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB/INS pathway, emphasizing ABP as promising T2DM therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wen He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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11
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Chinese Guidelines for Medical Nutrition Therapy for Patients with Diabetes (2022 Edition). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2024; 33:118-152. [PMID: 38794974 PMCID: PMC11170023 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202406_33(2).0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is the foundation of the comprehensive treatment of patients with diabetes. In 2010, the Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association developed the first Chinese guideline on MNT for patients with diabetes, and it was updated in 2015. Since then, new evidence has emerged in the field of MNT and metabolic therapy in patients with diabetes. The Nutrition and Metabolic Management Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized a team of experts from related institutions, including the Clinical Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society, Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutri-tion, and Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Their task was to develop the Chinese Guidelines of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Diabetes (2022 Edition) in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for the Formulation/Revision of Clinical Guidelines in China (2022 Edition) by combining the questions raised and evidence gathered in clinical practices in China, to guide and standardize the clinical MNT.
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12
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Kaya S, Tatar-Yılmaz G, Aktar BSK, Emre EEO. Discovery of New Dual-Target Agents Against PPAR-γ and α-Glucosidase Enzymes with Molecular Modeling Methods: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulations, and MM/PBSA Analysis. Protein J 2024; 43:577-591. [PMID: 38642318 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a serious public health problem both in our country and worldwide, being the most prevalent type of diabetes. The combined use of drugs in the treatment of T2DM leads to serious side effects, including gastrointestinal problems, liver toxicity, hypoglycemia, and treatment costs. Hence, there has been a growing emphasis on drugs that demonstrate dual interactions. Several studies have suggested that dual-target agents for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and alpha-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) could be a potent approach for treating patients with diabetes. We aim to develop new antidiabetic agents that target PPAR-γ and α-glucosidase enzymes using molecular modeling techniques. These compounds show dual interactions, are more effective, and have fewer side effects. The molecular docking method was employed to investigate the enzyme-ligand interaction mechanisms of 159 newly designed compounds with target enzymes. Additionally, we evaluated the ADME properties and pharmacokinetic suitability of these compounds based on Lipinski and Veber's rules. Compound 70, which exhibited favorable ADME properties, demonstrated more effective binding energy with both PPAR-γ and α-glucosidase enzymes (-12,16 kcal/mol, -10.07 kcal/mol) compared to the reference compounds of Acetohexamide (-9.31 kcal/mol, -7.48 kcal/mol) and Glibenclamide (-11.12 kcal/mol, -8.66 kcal/mol). Further, analyses of MM/PBSA binding free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for target enzymes with compound 70, which exhibited the most favorable binding affinities with both enzymes. Based on this information, our study aims to contribute to the development of new dual-target antidiabetic agents with improved efficacy, reduced side effects, and enhanced reliability for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar-Yılmaz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Bedriye Seda Kurşun Aktar
- Department of Hair Care and Beauty Services, Yeşilyurt Vocational School, Malatya Turgut Özal University, 44900, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emine Elçin Oruç Emre
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey
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Rey DP, Echeverry SM, Valderrama IH, Rodriguez IA, Ospina LF, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Aragón M. Antidiabetic Effect of Passiflora ligularis Leaves in High Fat-Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1669. [PMID: 38892601 PMCID: PMC11174837 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health concern, prompting the ongoing search for new treatment options. Medicinal plants have emerged as one such alternative. Our objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of an extract from the leaves of Passiflora ligularis (P. ligularis). For this purpose, T2DM was first induced in mice using a high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. Subsequently, an aqueous extract or an ethanolic extract of P. ligularis leaves was administered for 21 days. The following relevant results were found: fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by up to 41%, and by 29% after an oral glucose overload. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was reduced by 59%. Histopathologically, better preservation of pancreatic tissue was observed. Regarding oxidative stress parameters, there was an increase of up to 48% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), an increase in catalase (CAT) activity by 35% to 80%, and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA) by 35% to 80% in the liver, kidney, or pancreas. Lastly, regarding the lipid profile, triglycerides (TG) were reduced by up to 30%, total cholesterol (TC) by 35%, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by up to 32%, while treatments increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) by up to 35%. With all the above, we can conclude that P. ligularis leaves showed antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects, making this species promising for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. Rey
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Sandra M. Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Ivonne H. Valderrama
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Ingrid A. Rodriguez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Luis F. Ospina
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Fatima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Sala G301, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
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14
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Sarita, Deepika, Kumari A, Singh S. In-Vitro Cytotoxic, Hypoglycaemic, and Inhibitory α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Potential of Flour of Improved Hull-Less and Hulled Barley Varieties. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01178-7. [PMID: 38795266 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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15
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Abouelwafa E, Zaki A, Sabry OM, El-Shiekh RA, Caprioli G, Abdel-Sattar E. Unveiling the chemical profiling and remarkable modulation of carbohydrate metabolism by costus root, Dolomiaea costus (Falc.) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117911. [PMID: 38355028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dolomiaea costus (Falc.), formerly Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., an ayurvedic medicinal plant, has long been recognized and utilized in diverse indigenous systems of medicine for its multifaceted therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, carminative, expectorant, antiarthritic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, anodyne, and antidiabetic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The potential and underlying mechanisms of D. costus root as an antidiabetic agent were investigated in this study. Additionally, the quantification of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which dominate the extracts, was of particular interest in order to elucidate their contribution to the observed effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the chemical constituents in D. costus root aqueous extract (DCA) and D. costus root ethanolic extract (DCE). Furthermore, the inhibitory potentials of DCE and its respective fractions as well as DCA against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase enzymes were assessed. Subsequently, the efficacy of DCA and DCE extracts was evaluated using an established streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal model; this involved administering the extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bwt. and comparing them with a positive control (glibenclamide (Glib.) at 0.6 mg/kg bwt.). After induction of diabetes (except for negative control), all animals received the treatments orally for 21 days consecutively, followed by the collection of rat serum to assess various parameters including, glycemic and lipid profiles, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant activity, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis pathways. RESULTS The results of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS revealed that isochlorogenic acid A (8393.64 μg/g) and chlorogenic acid (6532.65 μg/g) were the predominant compounds in DCE and DCA, respectively. Both extracts exhibited notable antidiabetic properties, as evidenced by their ability to regulate blood glycemic and lipid profiles (glucose, insulin, HBA1C; HDL, TC, TGs), liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST), kidney function (urea, creatinine, uric acid), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH, SOD), as well as glycolysis (glucokinase) and gluconeogenesis (G-6-P, FBP1) pathways. CONCLUSIONS Furthermore, the administration of D. costus extracts significantly mitigated STZ-induced diabetic hyperglycemia. These results can be attributed, at least partially, to the presence of several polyphenolic compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebraheem Abouelwafa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar M Sabry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Kröber TU, Holzer M, Kerpes R, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Dawid C, Becker T. Enrichment and Quantitation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Peptides in Quinoa upon Systematic Malting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11480-11492. [PMID: 38733562 PMCID: PMC11117401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Food-derived peptides with an inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) can be used as an additive treatment for type 2 diabetes. The inhibitory potential of food depends on technological protein hydrolysis and gastrointestinal digestion, as the peptides only act after intestinal resorption. The effect of malting as a hydrolytic step on the availability of these peptides in grains has yet to be investigated. In this study, quinoa was malted under systematic temperature, moisture, and time variations. In the resulting malts, the DPP-IV inhibition reached a maximum of 45.02 (±10.28) %, whereas the highest overall concentration of literature-known inhibitory peptides was 4.07 μmol/L, depending on the malting parameters. After in vitro gastrointestinal digest, the inhibition of most malts, as well as the overall concentration of inhibitory peptides, could be increased significantly. Additionally, the digested malts showed higher values in both the inhibition and the peptide concentration than the unmalted quinoa. Concerning the malting parameters, germination time had the highest impact on the inhibition and the peptide concentration after digest. An analysis of the protein sizes before and after malting gave first hints toward the origin of these peptides, or their precursors, in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea
D. U. Kröber
- Chair
of Brewing and Beverage Technology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Magdalena Holzer
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences
Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Kerpes
- Chair
of Brewing and Beverage Technology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena K. Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences
Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences
Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship
for Functional Phytometabolomics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair
of Brewing and Beverage Technology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany
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17
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Khound P, Deb PK, Bhattacharjee S, Medina KD, Sarma PP, Sarkar B, Devi R. Phenolic enriched fraction of Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. leaf extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100906. [PMID: 38761758 PMCID: PMC11127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. is an important ethnomedicinal shrub of Northeast India, used by traditional healers to control various ailments like diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, etc. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to explore the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of the polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) of C. glandulosum leaf extract and identification of its major bioactive compounds. Further, an in-silico molecular docking study was also performed to understand the molecular interactions of the identified major compounds with some target proteins associated with diabetic complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS PRF was purified from the hydromethanolic (80% MeOH) extract of leaves and subjected to assessment of in-vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. It was also subjected to evaluate the ameliorative effect during streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar albino rats. An in-silico molecular docking study was also performed to complement the in-vitro/in-vivo studies. RESULTS Chemical analysis of PRF showed the presence of phenolics like caffeic acid, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and apigenin, of which verbascoside (598.14 ± 1.24 mg/g) was found to be the principal compound. In-vitro studies showed potent antioxidant (IC50 of DPPH:32.45 ± 2.16 μg/mL; ABTS:39.08 ± 0.53 μg/mL) properties and excellent aldose reductase inhibition potential (IC50 2.18 ± 0.10 μg/mL). Treatment with PRF showed reduced blood glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels. The results also indicate an improvement of endogenous antioxidants and suppression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) comparable to the standard. Molecular docking studies predicted promising interactions between the identified molecules and the crucial amino acid residues of the enzymes involved in the development of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION This study revealed the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of partially purified fraction PRF of C. glandulosum leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspanjali Khound
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Swarnali Bhattacharjee
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Karla Damián Medina
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Partha Pratim Sarma
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Biswatrish Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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18
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Laxio Arenas J, Lesma J, Ha-Duong T, Ranjan Sahoo B, Ramamoorthy A, Tonali N, Soulier JL, Halgand F, Giraud F, Crousse B, Kaffy J, Ongeri S. Composition and Conformation of Hetero- versus Homo-Fluorinated Triazolamers Influence their Activity on Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303887. [PMID: 38478740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Novel fluorinated foldamers based on aminomethyl-1,4-triazolyl-difluoroacetic acid (1,4-Tz-CF2) units were synthesized and their conformational behaviour was studied by NMR and molecular dynamics. Their activity on the aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) amyloid protein was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The fluorine labelling of these foldamers allowed the analysis of their interaction with the target protein. We demonstrated that the preferred extended conformation of homotriazolamers of 1,4-Tz-CF2 unit increases the aggregation of hIAPP, while the hairpin-like conformation of more flexible heterotriazolamers containing two 1,4-Tz-CF2 units mixed with natural amino acids from the hIAPP sequence reduces it, and more efficiently than the parent natural peptide. The longer heterotriazolamers having three 1,4-Tz-CF2 units adopting more folded hairpin-like and ladder-like structures similar to short multi-stranded β-sheets have no effect. This work demonstrates that a good balance between the structuring and flexibility of these foldamers is necessary to allow efficient interaction with the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Laxio Arenas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jacopo Lesma
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Tap Ha-Duong
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Bikash Ranjan Sahoo
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Soulier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Halgand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - François Giraud
- Equipe Biologie et Chimie Structurales, Dept Chimie et Biologie Structurales et Analytiques, ICSN, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 1 avenue de la terrasse, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Benoît Crousse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Julia Kaffy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 av. des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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Omonkhua AA, Otitolaiye C, Aguebor-Ogie B, Elekofehinti O, Okello E, Onoagbe I, Okonofua F. Anti-diabetic, anti-pancreatic lipase, and anti-protein glycation potential of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark extracts: in vitro and in silico studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:43. [PMID: 38751710 PMCID: PMC11091014 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Targeting these metabolic derangements can optimize the therapeutic strategies for this disease. Utilizing in vitro and in silico models, this study investigated the ability of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Irvingia gabonensis to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and protein glycation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the compounds found in the stem bark of I. gabonensis. In silico analysis determined the binding mode and mechanism of interactions between the enzymes and phytochemicals. With an IC50 value of 11.47 µg/ml, the aqueous extract demonstrated higher inhibitory efficacy against α-amylase compared to the ethanol extract (IC50 19.88 µg/ml). However, the ethanol extract had stronger inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and protein glycation compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 values of 3.05, 32.85, 0.0014 versus 25.72, 332.42, 0.018 µg/ml respectively). Quercetin ranked highest in binding energy with α-amylase (-6.6 kcal/mol), α-glucosidase (-6.6 kcal/mol), and pancreatic lipase (-5.6 kcal/mol). This was followed by rhamnetin (6.5, 6.5, and 6.1 kcal/mol respectively). Hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and pi-pi stacking are forces responsible for the binding of quercetin and rhamnetin to these enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the lead phytochemicals formed stable and energetically stabilized complexes with the target proteins. This study showed that the extracts of I. gabonensis stem bark had significant in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-pancreatic lipase, and anti-protein glycation activities. The strong binding affinities of some of the identified compounds could be responsible for the inhibitory potential of the extracts. I. gabonensis stem bark could be further explored as a natural remedy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhere A. Omonkhua
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Catherine Otitolaiye
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bobby Aguebor-Ogie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Edward Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Iyere Onoagbe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Friday Okonofua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
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20
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Xu Z, Hileuskaya K, Kraskouski A, Yang Y, Huang Z, Zhao Z. Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose transport to assess the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic potential of dodecyl-acylated phlorizin and polydatin derivatives. Food Funct 2024; 15:4785-4804. [PMID: 38511466 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A diet containing natural active compounds that can inhibit the hydrolytic activity of α-glucosidase on carbohydrates and intestinal glucose absorption is an effective means of controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. Phlorizin and polydatin as phenolic glycosides have a high affinity for the catalytic site of α-glucosidase, but exhibited unsatisfactory competitive inhibitory capacity, with an IC50 of 0.97 and >2 mM, respectively. However, dodecyl-acylated derivatives of phlorizin and polydatin exerted α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity, with an IC50 of 55.10 and 70.95 μM, respectively, which were greatly enhanced and much stronger than that of acarbose with an IC50 of 2.46 mM. The SPR assay suggested the high affinity of dodecyl phlorizin and dodecyl polydatin to α-glucosidase with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) values of 12.0 and 7.9 μM, respectively. Both dodecyl phlorizin and dodecyl polydatin reduced the catalytic ability of α-glucosidase by reversible noncompetitive and uncompetitive mixed inhibition, which bind noncovalently to the allosteric site 2 through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, thereby inducing the secondary structure unfolding and intrinsic fluorescence quenching of α-glucosidase. Confocal microscopy detection visually showed significant inhibitory effects on FITC-labeled glucose uptake in intestinal Caco-2 cells by phlorizin, polydatin, dodecyl phlorizin and dodecyl polydatin. In addition, based on the differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer model, dodecyl phlorizin and dodecyl polydatin suppressed intestinal glucose transport more effectively than phlorizin and polydatin, suggesting that they were promising in vivo hypoglycemic active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aliaksandr Kraskouski
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yujiao Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhe Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhengang Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Zheng M, Begum M, Bernardo CDO, Stocks N, Gonzalez-Chica D. Comparing the Effect of Early Versus Delayed Metformin Treatment on Glycaemic Parameters Among Australian Adults With Incident Diabetes: Evidence Using a National General Practice Database. Clin Ther 2024; 46:396-403. [PMID: 38565499 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of early vs delayed metformin treatment for glycaemic management among patients with incident diabetes. METHODS Cohort study using electronic health records of regular patients (1+ visits per year in 3 consecutive years) aged 40+ years with 'incident' diabetes attending Australian general practices (MedicineInsight, 2011-2018). Patients with incident diabetes were defined as those who had a) 12+ months of medical data before the first recording of a diabetes diagnosis AND b) a diagnosis of 'diabetes' recorded at least twice in their electronic medical records or a diagnosis of 'diabetes' recorded only once combined with at least 1 abnormal glycaemic result (i.e., HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting blood glucose [FBG] ≥7.0 mmol/L, or oral glucose tolerance test ≥11.1mmol/L) in the preceding 3 months. The effect of early (<3 months), timely (3-6 months), or delayed (6-12 months) initiation of metformin treatment vs no metformin treatment within 12 months of diagnosis on HbA1c and FBG levels 3 to 24 months after diagnosis was compared using linear regression and augmented inverse probability weighted models. Patients initially managed with other antidiabetic medications (alone or combined with metformin) were excluded. FINDINGS Of 18,856 patients with incident diabetes, 38.8% were prescribed metformin within 3 months, 3.9% between 3 and 6 months, and 6.2% between 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. The untreated group had the lowest baseline parameters (mean HbA1c 6.4%; FBG 6.9mmol/L) and maintained steady levels throughout follow-up. Baseline glycaemic parameters for those on early treatment with metformin (<3 months since diagnosis) were the highest among all groups (mean HbA1c 7.6%; FBG 8.8mmol/L), reaching controlled levels at 3 to 6 months (mean HbA1c 6.5%; FBG 6.9mmol/L) with sustained improvement until the end of follow-up (mean HbA1c 6.4%; FBG 6.9mmol/L at 18-24 months). Patients with timely and delayed treatment also improved their glycaemic parameters after initiating treatment (timely treatment: mean HbA1c 7.3% and FBG 8.3mmol/L at 3-6 months; 6.6% and 6.9mmol/L at 6-12 months; delayed treatment: mean HbA1c 7.2% and FBG 8.4mmol/L at 6-12 months; 6.7% and 7.1mmol/L at 12-18 months). Compared to those not managed with metformin, the corresponding average treatment effect for HbA1c at 18-24 months was +0.04% (95%CI -0.05;0.10) for early, +0.24% (95%CI 0.11;0.37) for timely, and +0.29% (95%CI 0.20;0.39) for delayed treatment. IMPLICATIONS Early metformin therapy (<3 months) for patients recently diagnosed with diabetes consistently improved HbA1c and FBG levels in the first 24 months of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zheng
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mumtaz Begum
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Nigel Stocks
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Gonzalez-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Rural Clinical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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da Silva Lopes FF, Lúcio FNM, da Rocha MN, de Oliveira VM, Roberto CHA, Marinho MM, Marinho ES, de Morais SM. Structure-based virtual screening of mangiferin derivatives with antidiabetic action: a molecular docking and dynamics study and MPO-based drug-likeness approach. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:135. [PMID: 38665880 PMCID: PMC11039600 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Mangifera indica leaves and its main component, mangiferin, have proven antidiabetic activity. In this study, mangiferin and its natural derivatives Homomangiferin (HMF), Isomangiferin (IMF), Neomangiferin (NMF), Glucomangiferin (GMF), Mangiferin 6'-gallate (MFG), and Norathyriol (NRT) were compared regarding their action on Diabetes mellitus (DM), employing docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze interactions with the aldose reductase enzyme, the precursor to the conversion of glucose into sorbitol. Notably, HMF showed significant affinity to residues in the active site of the enzyme, including Trp 79, His 110, Trp 111, Phe 122, and Phe 300, with an energy of - 7.2 kcal/mol, observed in the molecular docking simulations. MD reinforced the formation of stable complexes for HMF and MFG with the aldose reductase, with interaction potential energies (IPE) in the order of - 300.812 ± 52 kJ/mol and - 304.812 ± 52 kJ/mol, respectively. The drug-likeness assessment, by multiparameter optimization (MPO), highlighted that HMF and IMF have similarities with polyphenols and glycosidic flavonoids recently patented as antidiabetics, revealing that high polarity (TPSA > 180 Å2) is a favorable property for subcutaneous administration, especially because of the gradual passive cell permeability values in biological tissues, with Papp values estimated at < 10 × 10-6 cm/s. These compounds are metabolically stable against metabolic enzymes, resulting in a low toxic incidence by metabolic activation, corroborating with a lethal dose (LD50) greater than 2000 mg/kg. In this way, HMF showed a systematic alignment between predicted pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, characterizing it as the most favorable substance for inhibiting aldose reductase. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03978-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Nithael Melo Lúcio
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Science and Technology Centre, Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
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23
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Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Management of diabetes mellitus patients with sickle cell anemia: Challenges and therapeutic approaches. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37941. [PMID: 38669382 PMCID: PMC11049766 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and sickle cell anemia (SCA) poses significant challenges in clinical management due to the complex interactions and overlapping complications associated with both conditions. Managing diabetes in individuals with SCA requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique physiological and pathological aspects of both diseases. This paper reviews the challenges encountered in the management of DM in patients with SCA and explores therapeutic strategies and approaches to optimize patient care. Challenges in the management of DM in individuals with SCA stem from several factors, including the impact of hemoglobin variants on glycemic control assessment, increased susceptibility to infections, altered immune response, and complications associated with both diseases. Moreover, the coexistence of SCA and DM heightens the susceptibility to infections due to compromised immune function, emphasizing the need for vigilant preventive measures, including vaccinations and close monitoring for infectious complications. Close collaboration among healthcare providers specializing in diabetes, hematology, and other relevant fields is crucial for developing comprehensive care plans. Individualized treatment strategies that balance glycemic control, pain management, and preventive care are essential to mitigate complications and optimize the overall health outcomes of patients with both DM and SCA. In conclusion, managing diabetes in the context of SCA necessitates a nuanced and patient-centered approach. By addressing the challenges and employing tailored therapeutic strategies, healthcare providers can improve the quality of life and health outcomes for individuals affected by both conditions.
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24
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Chantarasakha K, Yangchum A, Isaka M, Tepaamorndech S. Fungal Depsidones Stimulate AKT-Dependent Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38597733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues is one of the therapeutic strategies to ameliorate hyperglycemia and maintain glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. This study disclosed the role of fungal depsidones in glucose uptake and the underlying mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Depsidones, including nidulin, nornidulin, and unguinol, isolated from Aspergillus unguis, stimulate glucose uptake in adipocytes. Compared to the others, nidulin exhibited an upward trend in glucose uptake. The effect of nidulin was found to be dose- and time-dependent. Nidulin also enhanced insulin- and metformin-stimulated glucose uptake. Upregulation of GLUT4 expression and AKT and AMPK phosphorylation were observed with nidulin treatment. Blockage of AKT, but not AMPK, phosphorylation was largely accompanied by diminished glucose uptake. In agreement, nidulin triggered the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Importantly, nidulin elevated glucose uptake associated with increased AKT phosphorylation in insulin-resistant adipocytes. Taken together, nidulin could stimulate glucose uptake mainly through AKT-dependent GLUT4 translocation, serving as a seed compound in drug discovery for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanittha Chantarasakha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Arunrat Yangchum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Isaka
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Surapun Tepaamorndech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Irshad K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Nadeem A, Shahzad A. Biosynthesis and Multifaceted Characterization of Breynia nivosa-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Biomedical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15383-15400. [PMID: 38585127 PMCID: PMC10993374 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using the methanolic extract of Breynia nivosa. Initial phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. Further characterization through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses identified a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including hydroquinone, stearic acid, neophytadiene, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), methyl ester, and others. The addition of B. nivosa methanolic extract to an AgNO3 solution resulted in a color change, confirming the green synthesis of Ag-NPs through the reduction of AgNO3, as made evident by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided valuable insights into the crystal structure, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis visualized the predominantly spherical shape of the Ag-NPs. However, the zeta (ζ)-potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses confirmed the stability and nanoscale dimensions of the synthesized Ag-NPs. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra exhibited peaks indicative of various functional groups, including carboxylic acids, phenols, alkanes, and isocyanates. These functional groups played a crucial role in both the reduction and capping processes of the Ag-NPs. The study further explored the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition activities of the Ag-NPs of the B. nivosa extract, demonstrating their potential for biomedical and therapeutic applications. In conclusion, this environmentally sustainable synthesis of Ag-NPs from the B. nivosa extract, enriched with bioactive secondary metabolites detected through HPLC and GC-MS analysis, holds promise for diverse applications in the burgeoning field of green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Irshad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government
College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Shahzad
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming
Medical University, Yunnan 650031, China
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26
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Liu S, Chen H, He XD, Yang XO. Glucometabolic-Related Genes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Bioinformatics Analysis. Neurol Res Int 2024; 2024:5200222. [PMID: 38595695 PMCID: PMC11003797 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two widespread chronic disorders characterized by shared risk factors and molecular pathways. Glucose metabolism, pivotal for cellular homeostasis and energy supply, plays a critical role in these diseases. Its disturbance has been linked to the pathogenesis of both AD and T2DM. However, a comprehensive investigation into the specific roles of glucometabolic genes in the onset and progression of AD and T2DM has yet to be conducted. Methods By analyzing microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository, we identified differentially expressed glucometabolic genes (DEGs) in AD and T2DM cohorts. A range of bioinformatics tools were employed for functional annotation, pathway enrichment, protein interaction network construction, module analysis, ROC curve assessment, correlation matrix construction, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene-drug interaction mapping of these DEGs. Key genes were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in AD and T2DM murine models. Results Our investigation identified 41 glucometabolic-related DEGs, with six prominent genes (G6PD, PKM, ENO3, PFKL, PGD, and TALDO1) being common in both AD and T2DM cohorts. These genes play crucial roles in metabolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and amino sugar metabolism. Their diagnostic potential was highlighted by area under curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.6 for AD and 0.8 for T2DM. Further analysis explored the interactions, pathway enrichments, regulatory mechanisms, and potential drug interactions of these key genes. In the AD murine model, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significant upregulation of G6pd, Eno3, and Taldo1. Similarly, in the T2DM murine model, elevated expression levels of G6pd, Pfkl, Eno3, and Pgd were observed. Conclusion Our rigorous research sheds light on the molecular interconnections between AD and T2DM from a glucometabolic perspective, revealing new opportunities for pharmacological innovation and therapeutic approaches. This study appears to be the first to extensively investigate glucometabolic-associated DEGs and key genes in both AD and T2DM, utilizing multiple datasets. These insights are set to enhance our understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying these widespread chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Chen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong He
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Yang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Foudah AI, Ayman Salkini M, Alqarni MH, Alam A. Preparation and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103946. [PMID: 38384280 PMCID: PMC10879835 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and optimize mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MG-SLNs) using the microemulsion technique and ultrasonication. The MG-SLNs were composed of Labrafil M 2130 CS, MG, ethanol, Tween 80, and water. The optimized MG-SLNs exhibited a particle size of 138.37 ± 3.39 nm, polydispersity index of 0.247 ± 0.023, entrapment efficiency of 84.37 ± 2.43 %, and zeta potential of 18.87 ± 2.42 mV. Drug release studies showed a two-fold increase in the release of MG from SLNs compared to the solution. Confocal images indicated deeper permeation of MG-SLNs, highlighting their potential. Molecular docking confirmed mangiferin's inhibitory activity against α-amylase, consistent with previous findings. In vitro studies showed that MG-SLNs inhibited α-amylase activity by 55.43 ± 6.11 %, α-glucosidase activity by 68.76 ± 3.14 %, and exhibited promising antidiabetic activities. In a rat model, MG-SLNs significantly and sustainably reduced blood glucose levels for up to 12 h. Total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Both MG-SOL and MG-SLNs reduced SGOT and SGPT levels, with MG-SLNs showing a more significant reduction in SGOT compared to MG-SOL. Overall, the biochemical results indicated that both formulations improved diabetes-associated alterations. In conclusion, the study suggests that loading MG in SLNs using the newly developed approach could be an efficient oral treatment for diabetes, offering sustained blood glucose reduction and positive effects on lipid profiles and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Ganjeh MS, Mazlomifar A, Shahvelayti AS, Moghaddam SK. Coumarin linked to 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7408. [PMID: 38548784 PMCID: PMC10978946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors have emerged as crucial agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, a new series of coumarin-linked 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives 5a-m was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-α-glucosidase agents. Among these derivatives, compound 5k (IC50 = 10.8 µM) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity in comparison to the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 µM). Through kinetic analysis, it was revealed that compound 5k exhibited a competitive inhibition pattern against α-glucosidase. To gain insights into the interactions between the title compounds and α-glucosidase molecular docking was employed. The obtained results highlighted crucial interactions that contribute to the inhibitory activities of the compounds against α-glucosidase. These derivatives show immense potential as promising starting points for developing novel α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi Ganjeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mazlomifar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Khalili Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Schlünder K, Cipriano M, Zbinden A, Fuchs S, Mayr T, Schenke-Layland K, Loskill P. Microphysiological pancreas-on-chip platform with integrated sensors to model endocrine function and metabolism. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2080-2093. [PMID: 38441218 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic in vitro research is of major importance to advance mechanistic understanding and development of treatment options for diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We present a thermoplastic-based microphysiological system aiming to model the complex microphysiological structure and function of the endocrine pancreas with concurrent real-time read-out capabilities. The specifically tailored platform enables self-guided trapping of single islets at defined locations: β-cells are assembled to pseudo-islets and injected into the tissue chamber using hydrostatic pressure-driven flow. The pseudo-islets can further be embedded in an ECM-like hydrogel mimicking the native microenvironment of pancreatic islets in vivo. Non-invasive real-time monitoring of the oxygen levels on-chip is realized by the integration of luminescence-based optical sensors to the platform. To monitor insulin secretion kinetics in response to glucose stimulation in a time-resolved manner, an automated cycling of different glucose conditions is implemented. The model's response to glucose stimulation can be monitored via offline analysis of insulin secretion and via specific changes in oxygen consumption due to higher metabolic activity of pseudo-islets at high glucose levels. To demonstrate applicability for drug testing, the effects of antidiabetic medications are assessed and changes in dynamic insulin secretion are observed in line with the respective mechanism of action. Finally, by integrating human pancreatic islet microtissues, we highlight the flexibility of the platform and demonstrate the preservation of long-term functionality of human endocrine pancreatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schlünder
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fuchs
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Yang Y, Chen B, Zheng C, Zeng H, Zhou J, Chen Y, Su Q, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang H, Jin R, Bo Z, Chen G, Wang Y. Association of glucose-lowering drug target and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a mendelian randomization study. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38504335 PMCID: PMC10953268 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucose-lowering drug is associated with various cancers, but the causality with gastrointestinal cancer risk is rarely reported. We aimed to explore the causality between them in this Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Two-sample MR, summary-data-based (SMR), mediation MR, and colocalization analyses was employed. Ten glucose-lowering drug targets (PPARG, DPP4, GLP1R, INSR, SLC5A2, ABCC8, KCNJ11, ETFDH, GPD2, PRKAB1) and seven types of gastrointestinal cancer (anal carcinoma, cardia cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), pancreatic cancer, rectum cancer) were included. Patients with gastrointestinal cancers from six different large GWAS databases, including the UK Biobank and Finnish cohorts were incorporated, for discovery and external validation. Meta-analysis was employed to integrate the results from both discovery and validation cohorts, thereby ensuring the reliability of findings. RESULTS ABCC8/KCNJ11 were associated with pancreatic cancer risk in both two-sample MR (odds ratio (OR): 15.058, per standard deviation unit (SD) change of glucose-lowering durg target perturbation equivalent to 1 SD unit of HbA1c lowering; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.824-59.295; P-value = 0.0001) and SMR (OR: 1.142; 95% CI: 1.013-1.287; P-value = 0.030) analyses. The mediation effect of body mass index (OR: 0.938; 95% CI: 0.884-0.995; proportion of mediation effect: 3.001%; P-value = 0.033) on ABCC8/KCNJ11 and pancreatic cancer was uncovered. Strong connections of DPP4 with anal carcinoma (OR: 0.123; 95% CI: 0.020-0.745; P-value = 0.023) and ICC (OR: 7.733; 95% CI: 1.743-34.310; P-value = 0.007) were detected. PPARG was associated with anal carcinoma (OR: 12.909; 95% CI: 3.217-51.795; P-value = 0.0003), HCC (OR: 36.507; 95% CI: 8.929-149.259; P-value < 0.0001), and pancreatic cancer (OR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.071-0.172; P-value < 0.0001). SLC5A2 was connected with pancreatic cancer (OR: 8.096; 95% CI: 3.476-18.857; P-value < 0.0001). Weak evidence indicated the connections of GLP1R, GPD2, and PRKAB1 with anal carcinoma, cardia cancer, ICC, and rectum cancer. In addition, the corresponding results were consistently validated in both the validation cohorts and the integrated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Some glucose-lowering drugs were associated with gastrointestinal cancer risk, which might provide new ideas for gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongming Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junxi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Juejin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | | | | | - Ruxue Jin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang-Germany Interdisciplinary Joint Laboratory of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Tumor and Bioengineering, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Teerapongpisan P, Praparatana R, Noppradit B, Laphookhieo S, Puttarak P. Anti-diabetic compounds from Uvaria dulcis Dunal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26962. [PMID: 38463830 PMCID: PMC10920384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have long been a source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, the Annonaceae family has gained recognition for its potential to yield novel compounds, particularly those that can be used in the development of drugs targeting chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). We employed various chromatographic methods to isolate bioactive compounds from the roots, leaves, and twigs of Uvaria dulcis Dunal. We used spectroscopic methods to determine the chemical structures of these compounds. We successfully identified twelve known compounds from various parts of U. dulcis: patchoulenon, polygochalcone, 2'3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone, 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone, chrysin, techochrysin, 8-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone, pinocembrin, 3-farnesylindole, onysilin, cinchonain la, and cinchonain lb. Interestingly, cinchonain la and cinchonain lb exhibited more potent anti-α-glucosidase activity than acarbose (standard drug), with IC50 values of 11.88 ± 1.41 μg/mL and 15.18 ± 1.19 μg/mL, respectively. Cinchonain la inhibited the DPP-IV enzyme, with IC50 value lower than the standard compound (diprotin A) at 81.78 ± 1.42 μg/mL. While 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone show more potent inhibitory effect than standard drug with IC50 value of 8.62 ± 1.19 μg/mL. Additionally, at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, cinchonain lb and 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone promoted glucose uptake in L6 myotubes cells to the same extent as 100 nM insulin. These findings suggest that cinchonain la, cinchonain lb, and 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone are the U. dulcis-derived bioactive compounds that hold promise as potential structures to use in the development of anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passakorn Teerapongpisan
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Rachanida Praparatana
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Noppradit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Samimi F, Namiranian N, Sharifi-Rigi A, Siri M, Abazari O, Dastghaib S. Coenzyme Q10: A Key Antioxidant in the Management of Diabetes-Induced Cardiovascular Complications-An Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:2247748. [PMID: 38524871 PMCID: PMC10959587 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2247748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant global health challenge with considerable cardiovascular implications. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained recognition for its potential as a natural antioxidant supplement in the management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Aim This comprehensive review systematically examines the scientific rationale underlying the therapeutic properties of CoQ10 in mitigating the impact of diabetes and its cardiovascular consequences. The analysis encompasses preclinical trials (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of action of CoQ10. Result & Discussion. Findings reveal that CoQ10, through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes, demonstrates significant potential in reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating lipid profiles, and regulating blood pressure, which are crucial aspects in managing diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. CoQ10, chemically represented as C59H90O4, was administered in capsule form for human studies at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg per day and at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM in sterile powder for experimental investigations and 10 mg/kg in powder for mouse studies, according to the published research. Clinical trials corroborate these preclinical findings, demonstrating improved glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure in patients supplemented with CoQ10. Conclusion In conclusion, CoQ10 emerges as a promising natural therapeutic intervention for the comprehensive management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Its multifaceted impacts on the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation highlight its potential as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes and related cardiovascular disorders. However, further extensive clinical investigations are necessary to fully establish its therapeutic potential and assess potential synergistic effects with other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samimi
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Namiranian
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Rigi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Abazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Al-Bukhaiti WQ, Al-Dalali S, Li H, Yao L, Abed SM, Zhao L, Qiu SX. Identification and in vitro Characterization of Novel Antidiabetic Peptides Released Enzymatically from Peanut Protein. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:66-72. [PMID: 37994988 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from proteins found in various foods provide significant health benefits, including regulating blood sugar levels by inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. Hydrolysates of peanut protein were prepared using alcalase (AH) or trypsin (TH) to generate antidiabetic peptides with high activity against α-amylase (IC50 of 6.46 and 5.71 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 of 6.30 and 5.57 mg/mL), as well as antiradical activity to scavenge DPPH• (IC50 of 4.18 and 3.12 mg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 of 2.87 and 2.56 mg/mL), respectively. The bioactivities of hydrolysates were greatest in the ultrafiltration-generated F3 fraction (< 3 kDa). The most active fraction was TH-F3, which was purified by gel filtration chromatography to generate sub-fractions (SF). With IC50 values of 1.05 and 0.69 mg/mL, the F3-SF8 fraction was the most effective at inhibiting the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. This fraction was further purified using RP-HPLC to generate sub-subfractions (SSF), the most active of which were F3-SF8-SSF9 and SSF10. The peptide sequences F3-SF8-SSF9 and SSF10 were determined using LC-MS/MS. Two novel antidiabetic peptides with the potential to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase were identified, with the sequences Asp-Trp-Arg (476.22 Da, IC50 of 0.78, and 0.35 mg/mL) and Phe-Tyr (329.15 Da, IC50 of 0.91, and 0.41 mg/mL). These results suggest that peptides derived from peanut protein are attractive natural ingredients for diabetes management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Q Al-Bukhaiti
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen
| | - Hanxiang Li
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Liyuan Yao
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Sherif M Abed
- Food and Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, 45526, Egypt
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Sulu C, Yumuk VD. Treat Obesity to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:611-622. [PMID: 38310627 PMCID: PMC10942960 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a multifactorial, relapsing chronic disease, serves as a gateway to a spectrum of metabolic, cardiovascular, mechanical and mental health problems. Over the last few decades, the global prevalence of obesity has surged nearly threefold, mirroring the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This parallel trajectory strongly suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between obesity and T2DM. Extensive research indicates that even modest weight gain elevates the risk of T2DM, favoring the notion of obesity being a root cause. This perspective finds robust support in numerous studies demonstrating the preventive effects of obesity management on the onset of T2DM. Beyond prevention, obesity management has been shown to enhance remission in individuals with T2DM and to decrease microvascular complications, cardiovascular risk factors, renal failure and heart failure. This evidence underpins the urgent need for global initiatives aimed at addressing obesity management as a key strategy in the prevention and management of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapasa Street, No. 53, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapasa Street, No. 53, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Alahmer S, El-Noss M, Farid A. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Balanites aegyptiaca extract for treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130061. [PMID: 38336324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood sugar level due to a deficiency in insulin production and/or action. Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) has been employed as a hypoglycemic medication. Nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages like minimized drug dose, sustainable drug release, maximized bioavailability and delivery of drugs. The study aimed to synthesize novel chitosan (CS) NPs loaded with BA extract (BA Ex). The prepared NPs were examined in treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The anti-diabetic efficiency was evaluated through measuring of levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines. GC-MS, HPLC and ICP techniques showed the presence of numerous bioactive components that have an anti-diabetic effectiveness. BA Ex-CS NPs succeeded in treatment of diabetes; where, it increased insulin secretion, lowered both FBG and FTA levels and helped in neogenesis of pancreatic islets beta cells. The regenerative activity of BA Ex-CS NPs is attributed to its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This antioxidant activity scavenged the generated free radicles that resulted from STZ administration. CS NPs raised the plant extract efficacy, prevented its degradation, and regulated the release of its components. The delivery of BA Ex bioactive components has been revolutionized by CS NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Alahmer
- Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Noss
- Egyptian Desalithenation Research Center (EDRC), Desert Research Center (DRC), El-Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Klementova S, Poncarova M. Selected widely prescribed pharmaceuticals: toxicity of the drugs and the products of their photochemical degradation to aquatic organisms. J Appl Biomed 2024; 22:1-11. [PMID: 38505965 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-lowering drugs, antidiabetics, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, and antibiotics belong to the most prescribed drugs worldwide. Because of the manufacture, excretion, and improper disposal of leftover drugs, the drugs enter waste waters and, subsequently, surface waters. They have been detected in surface waters all over the world, from concentrations of ng/l to concentrations several orders of magnitude higher. Since pharmaceuticals are designed to be both biologically and chemically stable, photochemical degradation by sun radiation represents a way of transformation in the natural environment. This review provides a survey of how selected drugs of the above-mentioned classes affect aquatic organisms of different trophic level. The emphasis is on the harmful effects of phototransformation products, an area of scientific investigation that has only attracted attention in the past few years, revealing the surprising fact that products of photochemical degradation might be even more toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Klementova
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Poncarova
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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37
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Fettach S, Thari FZ, Karrouchi K, Benbacer L, Lee LH, Bouyahya A, Cherrah Y, Sefrioui H, Bougrin K, Faouzy MEA. Assessment of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives in HFD-STZ diabetic animal model. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110902. [PMID: 38367680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine/metabolic disorder characterized by elevated postprandial and fasting glycemic levels that result in disturbances in primary metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic effects of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives in Wistar rats and Swiss mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and received 90 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally as a T2DM model. The HFD consisted of 17% carbohydrate, 58% fat, and 25% protein, as a percentage of total kcal. The thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives treatments reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels by an average of 23.98%-50.84%, which were also improved during the oral starch tolerance test (OSTT). Treatment with thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives also improved triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). The treatment intake has also shown a significant effect to modulate the altered hepatic and renal biomarkers. Further treatment with thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives for 28 days significantly ameliorated changes in appearance and metabolic risk factors, including favorable changes in histopathology of the liver, kidney, and pancreas compared with the HFD/STZ-treated group, suggesting its potential role in the management of diabetes. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives are a class of drugs that act as insulin sensitizers by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a nuclear receptor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. The results of this study suggest that thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives may be a promising treatment option for T2DM by improving glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and renal and hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Fettach
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Thari
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Karrouchi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Benbacer
- Biology and Molecular Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, National Center for Energy, Nuclear Science and Technology (CNESTEN), B.P. 1382 R.P, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Research Center for Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Zhejiang, China; Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco.
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Sefrioui
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Al Sultan A, Rattray Z, Rattray NJW. Toxicometabolomics-based cardiotoxicity evaluation of Thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes. Metabolomics 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38393619 PMCID: PMC10891199 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), represented by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are a class of cost-effective oral antidiabetic agents posing a marginal hypoglycaemia risk. Nevertheless, observations of heart failure have hindered the clinical use of both therapies. OBJECTIVE Since the mechanism of TZD-induced heart failure remains largely uncharacterised, this study aimed to explore the as-yet-unidentified mechanisms underpinning TZD cardiotoxicity using a toxicometabolomics approach. METHODS The present investigation included an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based toxicometabolomics pipeline, followed by multivariate statistics and pathway analyses to elucidate the mechanism(s)of TZD-induced cardiotoxicity using AC16 human cardiomyocytes as a model, and to identify the prognostic features associated with such effects. RESULTS Acute administration of either TZD agent resulted in a significant modulation in carnitine content, reflecting potential disruption of the mitochondrial carnitine shuttle. Furthermore, perturbations were noted in purine metabolism and amino acid fingerprints, strongly conveying aberrations in cardiac energetics associated with TZD usage. Analysis of our findings also highlighted alterations in polyamine (spermine and spermidine) and amino acid (L-tyrosine and valine) metabolism, known modulators of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a potential link to TZD cardiotoxicity that necessitates further research. In addition, this comprehensive study identified two groupings - (i) valine and creatine, and (ii) L-tryptophan and L-methionine - that were significantly enriched in the above-mentioned mechanisms, emerging as potential fingerprint biomarkers for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the utility of toxicometabolomics in elaborating on mechanisms of drug toxicity and identifying potential biomarkers, thus encouraging its application in the toxicological sciences. (245 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Sultan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
- Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Bioscience, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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Tourkmani AM, Alharbi TJ, Rsheed AMB, Alotaibi AF, Aleissa MS, Alotaibi S, Almutairi AS, Thomson J, Alshahrani AS, Alroyli HS, Almutairi HM, Aladwani MA, Alsheheri ER, Sati HS, Aljuaid B, Algarzai AS, Alabood A, Bushnag RA, Ghabban W, Albaik M, Aldahan S, Redda D, Almalki A, Almousa N, Aljehani M, Alrasheedy AA. A Hybrid Model of In-Person and Telemedicine Diabetes Education and Care for Management of Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings and Implications from a Multicenter Prospective Study. TELEMEDICINE REPORTS 2024; 5:46-57. [PMID: 38469168 PMCID: PMC10927235 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) require close follow-up, support, and education to achieve glycemic control, especially during the initiation or intensification of insulin therapy and self-care management. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the impact of implementing a hybrid model of in-person and telemedicine care and education on glycemic control for patients with uncontrolled T2DM (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥9%) during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Methods This prospective multicenter-cohort pre-/post-intervention study was conducted on patients with uncontrolled T2DM. This study included three chronic illness centers affiliated with the Family and Community Medicine Department at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A hybrid model of in-person (onsite) and telemedicine care and education was developed. This involved implementing initial in-person care at the physicians' clinic and initial in-person education at the diabetes education clinic, followed by telemedicine services of tele-follow-ups, support, and education for an average 4-month follow-up period. Results Of the enrolled 181 patients, more than half of the participants were women (n = 103, 56.9%). The mean age of participants (standard deviation) was 58.64 ± 11.23 years and the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 13.80 ± 8.55 years. The majority of the patients (n = 144; 79.6%) were on insulin therapy. Overall, in all three centers, the hybrid model had significantly reduced HbA1c from 10.47 ± 1.23% to 7.87 ± 1.59% (mean difference of reduction 2.59% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.34-2.85%], p < 0.001). At the level of each center, HbA1c was reduced significantly with mean differences of 3.17% (95% CI = 2.81-3.53%), 2.49% (95% CI = 1.92-3.06%), and 2.16% (95% CI = 1.76-2.57%) at centers A, B, and C, respectively (all p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings showed that the hybrid model of in-person and telemedicine care and education effectively managed uncontrolled T2DM. Consequently, the role of telemedicine in diabetes management could be further expanded as part of routine diabetes care in primary settings to achieve better glycemic control and minimize nonessential in-person visits when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla M. Tourkmani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki J. Alharbi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Bin Rsheed
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam F. Alotaibi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Aleissa
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alotaibi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S. Almutairi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jancy Thomson
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam S. Alshahrani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil S. Alroyli
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend M. Almutairi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael A. Aladwani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman R. Alsheheri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyfaa Salaheldin Sati
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budur Aljuaid
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abood Alabood
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reuof A. Bushnag
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wala Ghabban
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Albaik
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Aldahan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Redda
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almalki
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Almousa
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Chronic Illness Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alian A. Alrasheedy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Kazek G, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Menaszek E, Kubacka M, Jurowska A, Cież D, Trzewik B, Szklarzewicz J, Papież MA. Vanadium Complexes with Thioanilide Derivatives of Amino Acids: Inhibition of Human Phosphatases and Specificity in Various Cell Models of Metabolic Disturbances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:229. [PMID: 38399444 PMCID: PMC10892041 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the text, the synthesis and characteristics of the novel ONS-type vanadium (V) complexes with thioanilide derivatives of amino acids are described. They showed the inhibition of human protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP1B, LAR, SHP1, and SHP2) in the submicromolar range, as well as the inhibition of non-tyrosine phosphatases (CDC25A and PPA2) similar to bis(maltolato)oxidovanadium(IV) (BMOV). The ONS complexes increased [14C]-deoxy-D-glucose transport into C2C12 myocytes, and one of them, VC070, also enhanced this transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These complexes inhibited gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes HepG2, but none of them decreased lipid accumulation in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model using the same cells. Compared to the tested ONO-type vanadium complexes with 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and substituted benzhydrazides as Schiff base ligand components, the ONS complexes revealed stronger inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, but the ONO complexes showed greater activity in the cell models in general. Moreover, the majority of the active complexes from both groups showed better effects than VOSO4 and BMOV. Complexes from both groups activated AKT and ERK signaling pathways in hepatocytes to a comparable extent. One of the ONO complexes, VC068, showed activity in all of the above models, including also glucose utilizatiand ONO Complexes are Inhibitors ofon in the myocytes and glucose transport in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. The discussion section explicates the results within the wider scope of the knowledge about vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Jurowska
- Coordination Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Cież
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzewik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Szklarzewicz
- Coordination Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika A Papież
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Rocha S, Amaro A, Ferreira-Junior MD, Proença C, Silva AMS, Costa VM, Oliveira S, Fonseca DA, Silva S, Corvo ML, Freitas M, Matafome P, Fernandes E. Melanoxetin: A Hydroxylated Flavonoid Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Insulin Resistance and Glycation Pathways in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:261. [PMID: 38399315 PMCID: PMC10892797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to escalate, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches that target distinct pathways and address DM complications. Flavonoids have been shown to possess several pharmacological activities that are important for DM. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of the flavonoid melanoxetin using Goto-Kakizaki rats. Over a period of 14 days, melanoxetin was administered subcutaneously to investigate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. The results show that melanoxetin reduced insulin resistance in adipose tissue by targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Additionally, melanoxetin counteracted oxidative stress by reducing nitrotyrosine levels and modulating superoxide dismutase 1 and hemeoxygenase in adipose tissue and decreasing methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1), a key advanced glycation end product (AGE) implicated in DM-related complications. Moreover, the glyoxalase 1 expression decreased in both the liver and the heart, correlating with reduced AGE levels, particularly MG-H1 in the heart. Melanoxetin also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing serum prostaglandin E2 levels, and increasing the antioxidant status of the aorta wall through enhanced acetylcholine-dependent relaxation in the presence of ascorbic acid. These findings provide valuable insights into melanoxetin's therapeutic potential in targeting multiple pathways involved in type 2 DM, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress and glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Andreia Amaro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (S.O.); (D.A.F.); (S.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos D. Ferreira-Junior
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carina Proença
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vera M. Costa
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sara Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (S.O.); (D.A.F.); (S.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A. Fonseca
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (S.O.); (D.A.F.); (S.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (S.O.); (D.A.F.); (S.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Corvo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Marisa Freitas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (S.O.); (D.A.F.); (S.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (C.P.); (M.F.)
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Awan ZA, Khan HA, Jamal A, Shams S, Zheng G, Wadood A, Shahab M, Khan MI, Kalantan AA. In silico exploration of the potential inhibitory activities of in-house and ZINC database lead compounds against alpha-glucosidase using structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38294714 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2298391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of α-glucosidase have been used to treat type-2 diabetes (T2DM) by preventing the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose and prevent enhancing glucose conversion. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was used to generate novel chemical scaffold-ligand α-glucosidase inhibitors. The databases were screened against the receptor α-glucosidase using SBVS and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) techniques in this study. Based on molecular docking studies, three and two compounds of α-glucosidase inhibitors were chosen from a commercial database (ZINC) and an In-house database for this study respectively. The mode of binding interactions of the selected compounds later predicted their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Finally, one out of three lead compound from ZINC and one out of two lead compound from In-house database were shortlisted based on interactions. Furthermore, MDS and post-MDS strategies were used to refine and validate the shortlisted leads along with the reference acarbose/α-glucosidase. The Hits' ability to inhibit α-glucosidase was predicted by SBVS, indicating that these compounds have good inhibitory activities. The lead inhibitor's structure may serve as templates for the design of novel inhibitors, and in vitro testing to confirm their anti-diabetic potential is necessary. These insights can help rationally design new effective anti-diabetic drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Alam Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Kalantan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shahzad N, Alzahrani AR, Aziz Ibrahim IA, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Imam MT, Mohsin N, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24207. [PMID: 38298622 PMCID: PMC10828662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome known as diabetes mellitus. More than 600 million people will have diabetes by 2045 as the global prevalence of the disease continues to rise. Contemporary antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia and its consequences. However, these drugs come with undesirable side effects, so it's encouraging that research into plant extracts and bioactive substances with antidiabetic characteristics is on the rise. Natural remedies are preferable to conventional anti-diabetic drugs since they are safer for the body, more affordable and have fewer potential adverse effects. Biological macromolecules such as liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and metallic nanoparticles are explored in this review. Current drug restrictions have been addressed, and the effectiveness of plant-based antidiabetic therapies has enhanced the merits of these methods. Plant extracts' loading capacity and the carriers' stability are the primary obstacles in developing plant-based nanocarriers. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic drugs are covered, and a brief overview of the amphipathic features of liposomes, phospholipids, and lipid nanocarriers is provided. Metallic nanoparticles' benefits and attendant risks are highlighted to emphasize their efficiency in treating hyperglycemia. Researchers interested in the potential of nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts as antidiabetic therapeutics may find the current helpful review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mohsin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
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44
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Sonia H, Chelleng N, Afzal NU, Manna P, Puzari M, Chetia P, Tamuly C. Anti-diabetic and anti-urease inhibition potential of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. seeds through a bioassay-guided approach. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38189677 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2301679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Using HPLC-PDA and HRMS analysis, five compounds p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, trans-ferulic and gallic acid were identified in seeds of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. The GC-MS analysis identified 1-dodecanol, phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), Oleic Acid and 1-Heptacosanol which possess anti-diabetic properpties. A bioassay-guided technique was used to determine the degree of inhibition that A. dealbatum seeds crude methanol extract and its most active sub-fraction had against the α-glucosidase and Helicobacter pylori urease enzymes. In the Rat L6 myoblast cell line, glucose absorption through the GLUT4 transporter of most active subfraction (EASF80) was examined. According to a molecular docking investigation, these compounds strongly interacted with the GLUT4 transporter, H pylori and α-glucosidase enzyme. Sinapic acid interacted most strongly with the H. pylori urease enzyme while gallic acid interacted with both the α-glucosidase enzyme and the GLUT4 transporter. Additionally, a molecular docking simulation study was carried out to recognise the stability of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hage Sonia
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nilamoni Chelleng
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nazim Uddin Afzal
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Minakshi Puzari
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Pankaj Chetia
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Chandan Tamuly
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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45
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Jiang R, Zhang H, Liu Q, Yang X, He L, Yuan L, Cheng D. De Novo Design of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Agents Activated by Peroxynitrite and Glutathione-Responsive Imaging for Diabetic Liver Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302466. [PMID: 37840532 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, such as diabetes liver disease, is a major problem puzzling people's health. The detection of redox states in its pathological process can effectively help us gain a deeper understanding of the disease. The pair of oxidation-reduction substances peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) and glutathione (GSH) is considered to be closely related to their occurrence and development. Thus, direct visualization of ONOO- and GSH in diabetes liver disease is critical to evaluate the disease at the molecular level. Herein, two activatable agents NTCF-ONOO- and NTCF-GSH are prepared for selectively detecting ONOO- and GSH through protection and deprotection strategies based on hydroxyl and amino groups of near-infrared fluorophore. Fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous ONOO- and GSH changes in living cells and in vivo is observed. The ONOO- and GSH level in the diabetes liver disease cellular model are visualized and the possible redox imbalance mechanism related to the oxidized (NAD+ ) and reduced (NADH) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides is explored in this process. Moreover, these probes can sensitively recognize ONOO- and GSH in the process of oxidative stress resulting from streptozotocin and streptozotocin/acetaminophen-induced complex diabetic liver disease in vivo. In addition, they can be applied for monitoring the clinical serum sample related with diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Hongshuai Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Mosleh R, U'wais A, Hamdan A, Ghanim M, Jarrar Y. Assessment of Alternative Medicine Use, Costs, and Predictors of Medication Adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Palestine. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:441-454. [PMID: 35616669 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220523114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered the fourth leading cause of death in Palestine, with a prevalence of 9.1% in patients aged 20-79 years, and has increased to 20.6% in 2020. AIMS This study aims to estimate DM costs, compare DM total health care cost among patient characteristics and DM management (e.g. anti-diabetic medications and alternative medicine), as well as assess MA and its predictors including patient characteristics, DM management, alternative medicine use, and DM costs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for the past one year among 479 diabetic patients, selected by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods via electronic post of an online questionnaire, including a web link to the questionnaire page in a Google Form via email or public social media pages and applications. Data on patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, medication profile, use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine, costs, and Medication Adherence (MA) were collected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 25) was used to perform a descriptive, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal- Wallis test, multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS More than half of the participants were male and living in villages (50.7%, 59.1%, respectively). Approximately 51.4% received Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OHDs) and only 16.1% received insulin. The participants receiving ≤3 medications daily acquired the highest percentage (55.7%), and less than half received medicinal plants as an alternative medicine for the management of DM. The estimated total DM health care cost per year incurred by patients and family members was Israeli Shekel 988,276 (US Dollar 307,590). More than half of the participants were considered adherent with the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score ≥6. It is noteworthy that the use of alternative medicine was significantly associated with total health care cost and MA. Furthermore, DM duration was significantly associated with MA. These results are worth taking into consideration. CONCLUSION This study reflects the need for strengthening the patient-health care professionals' relationship, and to enhance the role of preventive education, and the importance of awareness about MA, DSCMBs, and the use of alternative medicine based on evidence-based strategies to improve MA, glycemic control, meanwhile reducing the costs incurred by patients and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ala' U'wais
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Basic Medical Unit/ Nursing College, Arab American University, Zababdeh, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- College of Pharmacy, AlZaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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47
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Gupta S, Ramteke H, Gupta S, Gupta S, Gupta KS. Are People With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Appropriately Following Insulin Injection Technique Practices: A Review of Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e51494. [PMID: 38304656 PMCID: PMC10831209 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) need to take multiple doses of insulin injections daily throughout their lives. However, a notable portion of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) show suboptimal insulin injection technique practices. They are supposed to follow the recommended insulin injection technique guidelines. Our explorative literature search, including studies from the past 30 years, is expected to identify the deficiencies of self-injection insulin techniques and the associated complications in people with T1DM, where we have summarised the overall incidence of complications that have occurred due to nonadherence of the prescribed guidelines, along with their associated risk factors. We have attempted to include multiple systematic reviews, meta-analyses, literature reviews, case reports, and original articles from the search engines and databases like PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central, and studies with only human participants were included in this search. The knowledge sharing from this research may be utilised for enhancing the structured education diabetes programme and implementing the population-based corrective measures, including the thrust areas in future multi-centre longitudinal research studies and recommendations, which can prevent unnecessary complications and enhance their quality of life. Correct insulin administration technique, abstaining from administration of injection at the areas with lipohypertrophy, rotation of injection sites, and ultrasound scanning can be used as a complimentary method to detect the lipohypertrophy at an early stage. Liposuction is beneficial in reducing the extensive lipohypertrophic tissues but helps achieve only cosmetically satisfactory outcome; thus, empowering people to follow insulin injection technique guidelines is one of the best strategies to reduce the high prevalence of lipohypertrophy. To conclude, education among the people with DM, especially T1DM who have to take insulin regularly, needs to be carried out consistently in the clinical settings, to prevent the severe complications caused due to inappropriate insulin injection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swar Gupta
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshal Ramteke
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shlok Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Sunil's Diabetes Care n' Research Centre, Nagpur, IND
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Diabetology, Sunil's Diabetes Care n' Research Centre, Nagpur, IND
| | - Kavita S Gupta
- Nutrition, Sunil's Diabetes Care n' Research Centre, Nagpur, IND
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48
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Kumar A, Mazumder R, Rani A, Pandey P, Khurana N. Novel Approaches for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Update. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e051023221768. [PMID: 37888820 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998261903230921102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an irreversible, chronic metabolic disorder indicated by hyperglycemia. It is now considered a worldwide pandemic. T2DM, a spectrum of diseases initially caused by tissue insulin resistance and slowly developing to a state characterized by absolute loss of secretory action of the β cells of the pancreas, is thought to be caused by reduced insulin secretion, resistance to tissue activities of insulin, or a combination of both. Insulin secretagogues, biguanides, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, amylin antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the main medications used to treat T2DM. Several of these medication's traditional dosage forms have some disadvantages, including frequent dosing, a brief half-life, and limited absorption. Hence, attempts have been made to develop new drug delivery systems for oral antidiabetics to ameliorate the difficulties associated with conventional dosage forms. In comparison to traditional treatments, this review examines the utilization of various innovative therapies (such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, phytosomes, and transdermal drug delivery systems) to improve the distribution of various oral hypoglycemic medications. In this review, we have also discussed some new promising candidates that have been approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of T2DM, like semaglutide, tirzepatide, and ertugliflozin. They are used as a single therapy and also as combination therapy with drugs like metformin and sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Anjna Rani
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Thallapalli AKG, Manda RM. Development and validation of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin simultaneous estimation in rat plasma using freezing lipid precipitation and SCX-SPE assisted HPLC-MS/MS method and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:185-198. [PMID: 37921942 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A quick and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was designed, improved, and validated for simultaneous determination of Empagliflozin (EPG) and Linagliptin (LNG) using Empagliflozin-d4 (EPG-d4) and linagliptin-d4 (LNG-d4) as internal standards (IS) in rat plasma. Target analytes and the IS were extracted using freezing lipid precipitation (FLP) and optimized using the strong cation exchange solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE) method to achieve the maximum sample clean-up. In particular, when combined with SPE clean-up, FLP can efficiently eliminate the plasma sample's high lipid content. More than 84.14% of plasma lipids were rapidly removed during the FLP procedure, with minimal loss of EPG and LNG. We used LC-atmospheric chemical ionization (APCI)-mass spectrometry was employed to assess the efficiency of FLP in lipid removal. The SCX-SPE cartridges removed the remaining impurities from EPG and LNG, allowing for further purification. The samples were chromatographically separated using a Spherisorb RP/Cyano column by pumping a gradient mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 8.1) in positive ion mode at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring technique was performed using a Waters triple-stage quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The chromatographic separation was accomplished using a Waters Acquity® high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Mass transition (m/z) of 451.15/71.12 for EPG, m/z 473.27/419.94 for LNG; m/z 455.19/71.12 for EPG-d4, and 477.27/423.94 for LNG-d4 was successfully achieved. This study successfully examined the concentration ranges of 25-1050 ng/mL for EPG and 0.35-15 ng/mL for LNG. The results showed that the linearity of EPG ranged from 25.14 to 985.26 ng/mL, while the linearity of LNG ranged from 0.59 to 14.86 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for both EPG and LNG, within and between days, were below 3.83%, indicating that they fall within acceptable limits. This novel approach demonstrated favourable outcomes in a pharmacokinetic study involving healthy rats, where EPG and LNG were co-administered. This study found that the co-administration of both drugs did not have a significant impact on their pharmacokinetic behavior, suggesting the absence of any drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Goud Thallapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, 500088, Telangana, India
| | - Ram Mohan Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, 500088, Telangana, India.
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50
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Alam A, Dhoundiyal S, Ahmad N, Rao GSNK. Unveiling Diabetes: Categories, Genetics, Diagnostics, Treatments, and Future Horizons. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e180823219972. [PMID: 37594107 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230818092958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the categorization, disease identity, genetic architecture, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes. The categorization of diabetes is discussed, with a focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as the lesser-known types, type 3 and type 4 diabetes. The geographical variation, age, gender, and ethnic differences in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are explored. The impact of disease identity on disease management and the role of autoimmunity in diabetes are examined. The genetic architecture of diabetes, including the interplay between genotype and phenotype, is discussed to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The importance of insulin injection sites and the insulin signalling pathway in diabetes management are highlighted. The diagnostic techniques for diabetes are reviewed, along with advancements for improved differentiation between types. Treatment and management approaches, including medications used in diabetes management are presented. Finally, future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research and interventions to address the global burden of diabetes. This review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers, providing insights to develop targeted strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivang Dhoundiyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Green Research Lab, Green Industrial Company, Second Industrial Area, Riyadh 14334, Saudi Arabia
| | - G S N Koteswara Rao
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
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