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Yang R, Jia L, Cui J. Mechanism and clinical progression of solid tumors bone marrow metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1390361. [PMID: 38770000 PMCID: PMC11102981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1390361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rich blood supply of the bone marrow provides favorable conditions for tumor cell proliferation and growth. In the disease's early stages, circulating tumor cells can escape to the bone marrow and form imperceptible micro metastases. These tumor cells may be reactivated to regain the ability to grow aggressively and eventually develop into visible metastases. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases with abnormal hematopoiesis solid tumor metastases are rare and have poor prognoses. Treatment options are carefully chosen because of the suppression of bone marrow function. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms involved in developing bone marrow metastases from tumor cells and the clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of patients with symptomatic bone marrow metastases from different solid tumors reported in the literature.
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Bowling GC, Alex Albright J, Maloney TJ, Quinn MS, Daniels AH, Chesnut GT. Poor Bone Mineral Density Is Associated With Increased Risk of Urological Bone Metastases. Urology 2024:S0090-4295(24)00338-8. [PMID: 38710454 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a diagnosis of precancer poor bone mineral density (PBMD) is associated with higher risk of urological cancer bone metastasis. METHODS The PearlDiver Database was utilized to conduct a retrospective, propensity-matched cohort analysis of adult patients diagnosed with kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancer with and without a prior diagnosis of PBMD, defined as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals are used to compare the rate of newly diagnosed bone metastases between 6months and 3years of the initial cancer diagnosis between the experimental and control cohorts. RESULTS Among 685,066 patients with urological cancers, precancer PBMD was associated with increased odds of bone metastasis at various time periods (1week, 6months, 1, 2, and 3years). The strongest association was appreciated within 1week of cancer diagnosis (kidney: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.37, P <.001; bladder: [aOR], 2.37, P <.001; prostate: [aOR], 2.84, P <.001; testicular: [aOR], 4.45, P <.001). Bisphosphonates were associated with reduced risk of kidney ([aOR], 0.46, P <.001), bladder ([aOR], 0.61, P <.001), and prostate ([aOR], 0.66, P <.001) cancer bone metastasis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest urology patients with PBMD may be predisposed to forming bone metastases as well as presenting with metastatic disease at time of cancer diagnosis. As such, further studies are needed to elucidate whether PBMD plays a role in bone tropism and whether bone health pertains to prolonging bone-free metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartrell C Bowling
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
| | | | - Trevor J Maloney
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew S Quinn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Gregory T Chesnut
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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3
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Li J, Wu J, Xie Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes and lung cancer bone metastasis: unraveling the role of adipokines in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360471. [PMID: 38571500 PMCID: PMC10987778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site of metastasis for lung cancer. The "seed and soil" hypothesis suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment ("soil") may provide a conducive survival environment for metastasizing tumor cells ("seeds"). The bone marrow microenvironment, comprising a complex array of cells, includes bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), which constitute about 70% of the adult bone marrow volume and may play a significant role in tumor bone metastasis. BMAs can directly provide energy for tumor cells, promoting their proliferation and migration. Furthermore, BMAs participate in the tumor microenvironment's osteogenesis regulation, osteoclast(OC) regulation, and immune response through the secretion of adipokines, cytokines, and inflammatory factors. However, the precise mechanisms of BMAs in lung cancer bone metastasis remain largely unclear. This review primarily explores the role of BMAs and their secreted adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, Nesfatin-1, Resistin, chemerin, visfatin) in lung cancer bone metastasis, aiming to provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang J, Liu J, Yuan C, Yang B, Pang H, Chen K, Feng J, Deng Y, Zhang X, Li W, Wang C, Xie J, Zhang J. Palmitic acid-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway is involved in the crosstalk between bone marrow adipocytes and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38221626 PMCID: PMC10789002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced abnormal bone marrow microenvironment is one of the important risk element for bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to determine whether obesity-induced elevation in palmitic acid (PA), which is the most abundant of the free fatty acids (FFAs), increased CCL2 via the GPRs/KLF7 pathway in bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) to facilitate PCa growth and metastasis. METHODS We constructed a bone-tumor bearing mouse model with obesity through high-fat diet, and observed the tumor formation ability of PCa cells. In vitro, observe the effect of PA on the expression level of CCL2 in BMA through GPRs/KLF7 signaling pathway. After co-culture of BMA and PCa cells, CCK8 assay and transwell experiment were used to detect the changes in biological behavior of PCa cells stimulated by BMA. RESULTS The BMA distribution in the bone marrow cavity of BALB/c nude mice fed with the high-fat diet (HFD) was evidently higher than that in the mice fed with the normal diet (ND). Moreover, HFD-induced obesity promoted KLF7/CCL2 expression in BMA and PCa cell growth in the bone marrow cavity of the mice. In the vitro experiment, a conditioned medium with increased CCL2 obtained from the BMA cultured with PA (CM-BMA-PA) was used for culturing the PCa cell lines, which evidently enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability. KLF7 significantly increased the CCL2 expression and secretion levels in BMA by targeting the promoter region of the CCL2 gene. In addition, GPR40/120 engaged in the PA-induced high KLF7/CCL2 levels in BMA to facilitate the malignant progression of PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS PA-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway in BMA facilitates prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bingqi Yang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huai Pang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Ambrosini G, Cordani M, Zarrabi A, Alcon-Rodriguez S, Sainz RM, Velasco G, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Dando I. Transcending frontiers in prostate cancer: the role of oncometabolites on epigenetic regulation, CSCs, and tumor microenvironment to identify new therapeutic strategies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:36. [PMID: 38216942 PMCID: PMC10790277 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, as one of the most prevalent malignancies in males, exhibits an approximate 5-year survival rate of 95% in advanced stages. A myriad of molecular events and mutations, including the accumulation of oncometabolites, underpin the genesis and progression of this cancer type. Despite growing research demonstrating the pivotal role of oncometabolites in supporting various cancers, including prostate cancer, the root causes of their accumulation, especially in the absence of enzymatic mutations, remain elusive. Consequently, identifying a tangible therapeutic target poses a formidable challenge. In this review, we aim to delve deeper into the implications of oncometabolite accumulation in prostate cancer. We center our focus on the consequential epigenetic alterations and impacts on cancer stem cells, with the ultimate goal of outlining novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Sergio Alcon-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, School of Medicine, Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, School of Medicine, Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, School of Medicine, Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Salamanna F, Contartese D, Errani C, Sartori M, Borsari V, Giavaresi G. Role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone metastasis development and progression: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207416. [PMID: 37711896 PMCID: PMC10497772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most plentiful cells in the bone marrow and function as an endocrine organ by producing fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. Consequently, BMAs can interact with tumor cells, influencing both tumor growth and the onset and progression of bone metastasis. This review aims to systematically evaluate the role of BMAs in the development and progression of bone metastasis. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards, to identify studies published from March 2013 to June 2023. Two independent reviewers assessed and screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the studies. The body of evidence was evaluated and graded using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies of interventions and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool for in vivo studies. The results were synthesized using descriptive methods. Results The search yielded a total of 463 studies, of which 17 studies were included in the final analysis, including 15 preclinical studies and two non-randomized clinical studies. Analysis of preclinical studies revealed that BMAs play a significant role in bone metastasis, particularly in prostate cancer followed by breast and malignant melanoma cancers. BMAs primarily influence cancer cells by inducing a glycolytic phenotype and releasing or upregulating soluble factors, chemokines, cytokines, adipokines, tumor-derived fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, FABP4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). These factors also contribute to adipocyte lipolysis and regulate a pro-inflammatory phenotype in BMAs. However, the number of clinical studies is limited, and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. Conclusion The preclinical studies reviewed indicate that BMAs may play a crucial role in bone metastasis in prostate, breast, and malignant melanoma cancers. Nevertheless, further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to better understand the complex role and relationship between BMAs and cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Targeting BMAs in combination with standard treatments holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Contartese
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Errani
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Sartori
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Borsari
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Giavaresi
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Loboda AP, Adonin LS, Zvereva SD, Guschin DY, Korneenko TV, Telegina AV, Kondratieva OK, Frolova SE, Pestov NB, Barlev NA. BRCA Mutations-The Achilles Heel of Breast, Ovarian and Other Epithelial Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054982. [PMID: 36902416 PMCID: PMC10003548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two related tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, attract a lot of attention from both fundamental and clinical points of view. Oncogenic hereditary mutations in these genes are firmly linked to the early onset of breast and ovarian cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive extensive mutagenesis in these genes are not known. In this review, we hypothesize that one of the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon can be mediated by Alu mobile genomic elements. Linking mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to the general mechanisms of genome stability and DNA repair is critical to ensure the rationalized choice of anti-cancer therapy. Accordingly, we review the literature available on the mechanisms of DNA damage repair where these proteins are involved, and how the inactivating mutations in these genes (BRCAness) can be exploited in anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss a hypothesis explaining why breast and ovarian epithelial tissues are preferentially susceptible to mutations in BRCA genes. Finally, we discuss prospective novel therapeutic approaches for treating BRCAness cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Loboda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana D. Zvereva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitri Y. Guschin
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.B.P.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Nick A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.B.P.); (N.A.B.)
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8
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Yang R, Jia L, Lu G, Lv Z, Cui J. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases in breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042773. [PMID: 36605432 PMCID: PMC9808780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer symptomatic bone marrow metastasis (BMM) is rare and has a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is usually the primary treatment, but it has limited efficacy, resulting in dose reduction and a decrease in quality of life due to the adverse effects of the agent. Other than chemotherapy, there are no other treatment studies for BMM. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of BMM patients with breast cancer, the prognosis using different treatment modalities, and the risk factors that affect the prognosis. Methods This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with breast cancer BMM from January 2018 to January 2022 in the Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The analysis focused on the characteristics of the patients, the treatment regimen, and the prognosis. Results Of 733 patients with advanced breast cancer, 33 patients were identified with BMM. All patients showed a hemoglobin decrease, and 25 (75.75%) presented with a fever of unknown origin. As for the metastasis breast cancer subtype, 25 (75.75%) were hormone receptor (HR) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative, three (9.09%) had HER2 overexpression, and five (15.15%) were triple negative. The BMM patients had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7 months (1-21 months) and a median overall survival (OS) of 18 months (2-108 months). Among 25 HR+/HER2- BMM patients treated with different modalities, the median OS of the endocrine therapy (ET) group was 23 months, compared with 5 months in the chemotherapy group. Cox proportional hazards models suggested that higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores and old age were associated with shorter survival. Conclusion When breast cancer patients present with anemia and fever of unknown origin, BMM should be considered. For HR+/HER2- patients with good physical status and can receive active treatment, CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET can be used to control disease progression, improve quality of life, and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zheng Lv
- *Correspondence: Zheng Lv, ; Jiuwei Cui,
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- *Correspondence: Zheng Lv, ; Jiuwei Cui,
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9
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Qin S, Li B, Ming H, Nice EC, Zou B, Huang C. Harnessing redox signaling to overcome therapeutic-resistant cancer dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188749. [PMID: 35716972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells preserve viability but stop proliferating, which is considered an important cause of tumor relapse, which may occur many years after clinical remission. Since the life cycle of dormant cancer cells is affected by both intracellular and extracellular factors, gene mutation or epigenetic regulation of tumor cells may not fully explain the mechanisms involved. Recent studies have indicated that redox signaling regulates the formation, maintenance, and reactivation of dormant cancer cells by modulating intracellular signaling pathways and the extracellular environment, which provides a molecular explanation for the life cycle of dormant tumor cells. Indeed, redox signaling regulates the onset of dormancy by balancing the intrinsic pathways, the extrinsic environment, and the response to therapy. In addition, redox signaling sustains dormancy by managing stress homeostasis, maintaining stemness and immunogenic equilibrium. However, studies on dormancy reactivation are still limited, partly explained by redox-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and the transition from the tumor microenvironment to inflammation. Encouragingly, several drug combination strategies based on redox biology are currently under clinical evaluation. Continuing to gain an in-depth understanding of redox regulation and develop specific methods targeting redox modification holds the promise to accelerate the development of strategies to treat dormant tumors and benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Sethakorn N, Heninger E, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Ding AB, Yada RC, Kerr SC, Kosoff D, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. Advancing Treatment of Bone Metastases through Novel Translational Approaches Targeting the Bone Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:757. [PMID: 35159026 PMCID: PMC8833657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent a lethal condition that frequently occurs in solid tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, and increase the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. This unique metastatic niche consists of a multicellular complex that cancer cells co-opt to engender bone remodeling, immune suppression, and stromal-mediated therapeutic resistance. This review comprehensively discusses clinical challenges of bone metastases, novel preclinical models of the bone and bone marrow microenviroment, and crucial signaling pathways active in bone homeostasis and metastatic niche. These studies establish the context to summarize the current state of investigational agents targeting BM, and approaches to improve BM-targeting therapies. Finally, we discuss opportunities to advance research in bone and bone marrow microenvironments by increasing complexity of humanized preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to translational research in this challenging metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sethakorn
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Adeline B. Ding
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - David Kosoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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PTHG2 Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Directing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:8546739. [PMID: 34976071 PMCID: PMC8720025 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8546739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriparatide, also known as 1-34 parathyroid hormone (PTH (1-34)), is commonly used for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. But its therapeutic application is restricted by poor metabolic stability, low bioavailability, and rapid clearance. Herein, PTHG2, a glycosylated teriparatide derivative, is designed and synthesized to improve PTH stability and exert more potent antiosteoporosis effect. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis shows that PTHG2 combines to PTH 1 receptor. Additional acetylglucosamine covalent bonding in the first serine at the N terminal of PTH (1-34) improves stability and increases protein hydrolysis resistance. Intermittent administration of PTHG2 preserves bone quality in ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporosis mice model, along with increased osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation, and reduced marrow adipogenesis. In vitro, PTHG2 inhibits adipogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). For molecular mechanism, PTHG2 directs BMSCs fate through stimulating the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Blocking PKA abrogates the pro-osteogenic effect of PTHG2. In conclusion, our study reveals that PTHG2 can accelerate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and show a better protective effect than PTH (1-34) in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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12
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Dello Spedale Venti M, Palmisano B, Donsante S, Farinacci G, Adotti F, Coletta I, Serafini M, Corsi A, Riminucci M. Morphological and Immunophenotypical Changes of Human Bone Marrow Adipocytes in Marrow Metastasis and Myelofibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882379. [PMID: 35757418 PMCID: PMC9215173 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow adipose tissue constitutes more than two-thirds of the bone marrow volume in adult life and is known to have unique metabolic and functional properties. In neoplastic disorders, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) contribute to create a favorable microenvironment to survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Many studies explored the molecular crosstalk between BMAds and neoplastic cells, predominantly in ex-vivo experimental systems or in animal models. However, little is known on the features of BMAds in the human neoplastic marrow. The aim of our study was to analyze the in situ changes in morphology and immunophenotype of BMAds in two different types of neoplastic marrow conditions. We selected a series of archival iliac crest and vertebral bone biopsies from patients with bone marrow metastasis (MET), patients with myeloproliferative neoplasia with grade-3 myelofibrosis (MPN-MF) and age-matched controls (CTR). We observed a significant reduction in the number of BMAds in MET and MPN-MF compared to CTR. Accordingly, in the same groups, we also detected a significant reduction in the mean cell diameter and area. Immunolocalization of different adipocyte markers showed that, compared to CTR, in both MET and MPN-MF the percentages of adiponectin- and phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase-positive BMAds were significantly reduced and increased respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between MET and MPN-MF. Interestingly, in one MET sample, "remodeled" BMAds containing a large lipid vacuole and multiple, smaller and polarized lipid droplets were identified. In conclusion, our data show that in different types of marrow cancers, BMAds undergo significant quantitative and qualitative changes, which need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Farinacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Adotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Coletta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Riminucci,
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13
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Li Y, Cao S, Gaculenko A, Zhan Y, Bozec A, Chen X. Distinct Metabolism of Bone Marrow Adipocytes and their Role in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902033. [PMID: 35800430 PMCID: PMC9253270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) represent 10% of the total fat mass of the human body and serve as an energy reservoir for the skeletal niche. They function as an endocrine organ by actively secreting fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. The volume of BMAs increases along with age, osteoporosis and/or obesity. With the rapid development of multi-omic analysis and the advance in in vivo imaging technology, further distinct characteristics and functions of BMAs have been revealed. There is accumulating evidence that BMAs are metabolically, biologically and functionally unique from white, brown, beige and pink adipocytes. Bone metastatic disease is an uncurable complication in cancer patients, where primary cancer cells spread from their original site into the bone marrow. Recent publications have highlighted those BMAs could also serve as a rich lipid source of fatty acids that can be utilized by the cancer cells during bone metastasis, particularly for breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer as well as melanoma. In this review, we summarize the novel progressions in BMAs metabolism, especially with multi-omic analysis and in vivo imaging technology. We also update the metabolic role of BMAs in bone metastasis, and their potential new avenues for diagnosis and therapies against metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiang Chen,
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14
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Aaron N, Costa S, Rosen CJ, Qiang L. The Implications of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue on Inflammaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:853765. [PMID: 35360075 PMCID: PMC8962663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.853765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered an inert filler of the bone cavity, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is now regarded as a metabolically active organ that plays versatile roles in endocrine function, hematopoiesis, bone homeostasis and metabolism, and, potentially, energy conservation. While the regulation of BMAT is inadequately understood, it is recognized as a unique and dynamic fat depot that is distinct from peripheral fat. As we age, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate throughout the bone marrow (BM) milieu to influence the microenvironment. This process is conceivably signaled by the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Adipokines participate in the development of a chronic state of low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), which trigger changes in the immune system that are characterized by declining fidelity and efficiency and cause an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks. In this review, we discuss the local effects of BMAT on bone homeostasis and the hematopoietic niche, age-related inflammatory changes associated with BMAT accrual, and the downstream effect on endocrine function, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Furthermore, we address therapeutic strategies to prevent BMAT accumulation and associated dysfunction during aging. In sum, BMAT is emerging as a critical player in aging and its explicit characterization still requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
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15
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Huang HS, Chu SC, Chen PC, Lee MH, Huang CY, Chou HM, Chu TY. Insuline-Like Growth Factor-2 (IGF2) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) Promote Lymphomagenesis in p53-null Mice in Tissue-specific and Estrogen-signaling Dependent Manners. J Cancer 2021; 12:6021-6030. [PMID: 34539876 PMCID: PMC8425200 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Trp53-/- mice are prone to develop lymphomas at old ages. Factors promoting this tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we showed human ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) largely promotes lymphomagenesis in Trp53-/- mice at earlier ages. Meanwhile, we clarified that IGF2 and HGF are important cell transforming factors within FF. Methods: To induce tumor formation, 5% FFs, 100 ng/ml IGF2, 20 ng/ml HGF, or both IGF2 and HGF in a volume of 200 µl PBS, was injected into 8-wk-old female Trp53 -/- mice at the mammary fat pad. The injection was repeated weekly for up to 7 weeks or extending to 13 weeks to observe the accumulative incidence of lymphomagenesis. Immunohistochemistry staining and gene rearrangement analysis were used to identify the tumor type. Results: By injecting FF into the mammary fat pad weekly, lymphomas developed in 8/16 (50%) of mice by seven weeks. We identified IGF2 and HGF in FF is largely responsible for this activity. The same weekly injection of IGF2, HGF, and their combination induced lymphomas in 4/11 (36%), 3/8 (38%), and 6/9 (67%) mice, respectively. Interestingly, tumorigenesis was induced only when those were injected into the adipose tissues in the mammary gland, but not when injected into non-adipose sites. We also found this tumor-promoting activity is estradiol (E2)-dependent and relies on estrogen receptor (ER) α expression in the adipose stroma. No tumor or only tiny tumor was yielded when the ovaries were resected or when ER is antagonized. Finally, an extension of the weekly FF-injection to 13 weeks did not further increase the lymphomagenesis rate, suggesting an effect on pre-initiated cancer cells. Conclusions: Taken together, the study disclosed a robust tumor-promoting effect of IGF2 and HGF in the p53 loss-initiated lymphomagenesis depending on an adipose microenvironment in the presence of E2. In light of the clarity of this spontaneous tumor promotion model, we provide a new tool for studying p53-mediated lymphomagenesis and suggest that, as a chemoprevention test, this is a practical model to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Chu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hsun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ya Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Ming Chou
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Guo B, Zhu X, Li X, Yuan CF. The Roles of LncRNAs in Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis and Osteoporosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:91-104. [PMID: 32634074 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707130246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disease, which is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the third major threat to life and health among the elderly. The etiology of OP is multifactorial, and its potential regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are the non-coding RNAs that are over 200 bases in the chain length. Increasing evidence indicates that LncRNAs are the important regulators of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and the occurrence of OP is greatly related to the dysregulation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation lineage. Meanwhile, LncRNAs affect the occurrence and development of OP by regulating OP-related biological processes. METHODS In the review, we summarized and analyzed the latest findings of LncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and related biological processes of OP. Relevant studies published in the last five years were retrieved and selected from the PubMed database using the keywords of LncRNA and OP. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The present study aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms and biological roles of LncRNAs in OP, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our results contributed to providing new clues for the epigenetic regulation of OP, making LncRNAs the new targets for OP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guo
- China Three Gorges University, RenHe Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- China Three Gorges University, RenHe Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- China Three Gorges University, RenHe Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - C F Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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18
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Abnormal bone marrow microenvironment: the “harbor” of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2021; 3:29-34. [PMID: 35402834 PMCID: PMC8975096 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment regulates and supports the production of blood cells which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. In analogy to normal hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis is originated from leukemic stem cells (LSCs) which gives rise to more differentiated malignant cells. Leukemia cells occupy BM niches and reconstruct them to support leukemogenesis. The abnormal BM niches are the main sanctuary of LSCs where they can evade chemotherapy-induced death and acquire drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the protective effects of BM niche cells on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
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19
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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20
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Soni S, Torvund M, Mandal CC. Molecular insights into the interplay between adiposity, breast cancer and bone metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:119-138. [PMID: 33591548 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, with various pre-existing health ailments enhancing its pathology. In cancer, the extracellular environment contains various intrinsic physiological factors whose levels are altered with aging and pre-existing conditions. In obesity, the tumor microenvironment and metastases are enriched with factors that are both derived locally, and from other physiological compartments. Similarly, in obesity, the cancer cell environment both at the site of origin and at the secondary site i.e., metastatic niche, contains significantly more phenotypically-altered adipocytes than that of un-obese cancer patients. Indeed, obesity has been linked with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Adipocytes not only interact with tumor cells, but also with adjacent stromal cells at primary and metastatic sites. This review emphasizes the importance of bidirectional interactions between adipocytes and breast tumor cells in breast cancer progression and its bone metastases. This paper not only chronicles the role of various adipocyte-derived factors in tumor growth, but also describes the significance of adipocyte-derived bone metastatic factors in the development of bone metastasis of breast cancer. It provides a molecular view of the interplay between the adipocytes and tumor cells involved in breast cancer bone metastasis. However, more research is needed to determine if targeting cancer-associated adipocytes holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for breast cancer bone metastasis treatment. Interplay between adipocytes and breast cancer cells at primary cancer site and metastatic bone microenvironment. AMSC Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, CAA Cancer associated adipocytes, CAF Cancer associated fibroblast, BMSC Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell, BMA Bone marrow adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Meaghan Torvund
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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21
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Little-Letsinger SE, Pagnotti GM, McGrath C, Styner M. Exercise and Diet: Uncovering Prospective Mediators of Skeletal Fragility in Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:774-789. [PMID: 33068251 PMCID: PMC7736569 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent basic, translational, and clinical works demonstrating exercise and diet regulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone and how this informs current understanding of the relationship between marrow adiposity and musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Marrow adipocytes accumulate in the bone in the setting of not only hypercaloric intake (calorie excess; e.g., diet-induced obesity) but also with hypocaloric intake (calorie restriction; e.g., anorexia), despite the fact that these states affect bone differently. With hypercaloric intake, bone quantity is largely unaffected, whereas with hypocaloric intake, bone quantity and quality are greatly diminished. Voluntary running exercise in rodents was found to lower MAT and promote bone in eucaloric and hypercaloric states, while degrading bone in hypocaloric states, suggesting differential modulation of MAT and bone, dependent upon whole-body energy status. Energy status alters bone metabolism and bioenergetics via substrate availability or excess, which plays a key role in the response of bone and MAT to mechanical stimuli. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a fat depot with a potential role in-as well as responsivity to-whole-body energy metabolism. Understanding the localized function of this depot in bone cell bioenergetics and substrate storage, principally in the exercised state, will aid to uncover putative therapeutic targets for skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gabriel M Pagnotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Hu W, Zhang L, Dong Y, Tian Z, Chen Y, Dong S. Tumour dormancy in inflammatory microenvironment: A promising therapeutic strategy for cancer-related bone metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5149-5169. [PMID: 32556373 PMCID: PMC11104789 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a unique feature of malignant tumours. Even bone can become a common colonization site due to the tendency of solid tumours, including breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa), to metastasize to bone. Currently, a previous concept in tumour metabolism called tumour dormancy may be a promising target for antitumour treatment. When disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) metastasize to the bone microenvironment, they form a flexible regulatory network called the "bone-tumour-inflammation network". In this network, bone turnover as well as metabolism, tumour progression, angiogenesis and inflammatory responses are highly unified and coordinated, and a slight shift in this balance can result in the disruption of the microenvironment, uncontrolled inflammatory responses and excessive tumour growth. The purpose of this review is to highlight the regulatory effect of the "bone-tumour-inflammation network" in tumour dormancy. Osteoblast-secreted factors, bone turnover and macrophages are emphasized and occupy in the main part of the review. In addition, the prospective clinical application of tumour dormancy is also discussed, which shows the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yutong Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhansong Tian
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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23
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Dushnicky MJ, Nazarali S, Mir A, Portwine C, Samaan MC. Is There A Causal Relationship between Childhood Obesity and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3082. [PMID: 33105727 PMCID: PMC7690432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic with numerous global health implications. Over the past few years, novel insights have emerged about the contribution of adult obesity to cancer risk, but the evidence base is far more limited in children. While pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of obesity, it is unclear if there are potential causal mechanisms by which obesity leads to ALL development. This review explores the endocrine, metabolic and immune dysregulation triggered by obesity and its potential role in pediatric ALL's genesis. We describe possible mechanisms, including adipose tissue attraction and protection of lymphoblasts, and their impact on ALL chemotherapies' pharmacokinetics. We also explore the potential contribution of cytokines, growth factors, natural killer cells and adipose stem cells to ALL initiation and propagation. While there are no current definite causal links between obesity and ALL, critical questions persist as to whether the adipose tissue microenvironment and endocrine actions can play a causal role in childhood ALL, and there is a need for more research to address these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J. Dushnicky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Samina Nazarali
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Adhora Mir
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Muder Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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24
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Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocytes, Adipocytokines, and Breast Cancer Cells: Novel Implications in Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561595. [PMID: 33123472 PMCID: PMC7566900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating discoveries highlight the importance of interaction between marrow stromal cells and cancer cells for bone metastasis. Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant component of the bone marrow microenvironment. BMAs are unique in their origin and location, and recently they are found to serve as an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It is reasonable to speculate that BMAs contribute to the modification of bone metastatic microenvironment and affecting metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow. Indeed, BMAs may participate in bone metastasis of breast cancer through regulation of recruitment, invasion, survival, colonization, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation by their production of various adipocytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of research progress, focusing on adipocytokines secreted by BMAs and their potential roles for bone metastasis of breast cancer, and investigating the mechanisms mediating the interaction between BMAs and metastatic breast cancer cells. Based on current findings, BMAs may function as a pivotal modulator of bone metastasis of breast cancer, therefore targeting BMAs combined with conventional treatment programs might present a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang C, Wang J, Chen K, Pang H, Li X, Zhu J, Ma Y, Qiu T, Li W, Xie J, Zhang J. Caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by dysregulated adipo-osteogenic balance in bone marrow. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3600-3612. [PMID: 32770813 PMCID: PMC7540990 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be the most common, noncutaneous cancer in men. Bone is the most frequent site of PCa metastases, and up to 90% of patients with advanced PCa develop bone metastases. An altered bone marrow microenvironment, induced by obesity, is a significant mediator for the bone tropism of PCa. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which obesity causes changes in the bone marrow microenvironment, leading to PCa bone metastasis, are not fully understood. Our results demonstrate that a high‐fat diet (HFD) leads to dyslipidemia and changes in bone marrow of nude mice: an increase in the area and number of adipocytes and a reduction in the area and number of osteoblasts. Moreover, a HFD promoted cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and inhibited osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in the bone microenvironment. Additionally, the total level of free fatty acids (FFAs) and caprylic acid (C8:0) was significantly higher in PCa patients with bone metastases. In vitro, caprylic acid (C8:0) promoted bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived adipocytic differentiation, COX2 expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, whereas osteoblastic differentiation and OPG expression were reduced. Furthermore, caprylic acid (C8:0)‐treated adipocytes promoted the invasion and migration of PCa cells. Taken together, our findings suggest caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of PCa by dysregulated adipo‐osteogenic balance of bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huai Pang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongtong Qiu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, China
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Bone marrow fat: friend or foe in people with diabetes mellitus? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1031-1048. [PMID: 32337536 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity put the adipocyte in the focus of huge medical interest. This review highlights a new topic in adipose tissue biology, namely the emerging pathogenic role of fat accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Specifically, we summarize current knowledge about the origin and function of BM adipose tissue (BMAT), provide evidence for the association of excess BMAT with diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to correct BMAT dysfunction. There is still a significant uncertainty about the origins and function of BMAT, although several subpopulations of stromal cells have been suggested to have an adipogenic propensity. BM adipocytes are higly plastic and have a distinctive capacity to secrete adipokines that exert local and endocrine functions. BM adiposity is abundant in elderly people and has therefore been interpreted as a component of the whole-body ageing process. BM senescence and BMAT accumulation has been also reported in patients and animal models with Type 2 diabetes, being more pronounced in those with ischaemic complications. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for excess and altered function of BMAT could lead to new treatments able to preserve whole-body homeostasis.
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Switching Homes: How Cancer Moves to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4124. [PMID: 32527062 PMCID: PMC7313057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases (BM) are a very common complication of the most prevalent human cancers. BM are extremely painful and may be life-threatening when associated with hypercalcaemia. BM can lead to kidney failure and cardiac arrhythmias and arrest, but why and how do cancer cells decide to "switch homes" and move to bone? In this review, we will present what answers science has provided so far, with focus on the molecular mechanisms and cellular aspects of well-established findings, such as the concept of "vicious cycle" and "osteolytic" vs. "osteosclerotic" bone metastases; as well as on novel concepts, such as cellular dormancy and extracellular vesicles. At the molecular level, we will focus on hypoxia-associated factors and angiogenesis, the Wnt pathway, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and chemokines. At the supramolecular/cellular level, we will discuss tumour dormancy, id est the mechanisms through which a small contingent of tumour cells coming from the primary site may be kept dormant in the endosteal niche for many years. Finally, we will present a potential role for the multimolecular mediators known as extracellular vesicles in determining bone-tropism and establishing a premetastatic niche by influencing the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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Luo G, Tang M, Zhao Q, Lu L, Xie Y, Li Y, Liu C, Tian L, Chen X, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes enhance osteolytic bone destruction by activating 1q21.3(S100A7/8/9-IL6R)-TLR4 pathway in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2241-2253. [PMID: 32494918 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone metastasis is the result of complex crosstalk between tumor cells and bone marrow cells. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant cell type in adult bone marrow. Therefore, we explore the effects of BMAs on bone metastasis in lung cancer. METHODS RNA-seq was used to compare the mRNA expression level of bone metastatic SBC5 cells and non-bone metastatic SBC3 cells. Rosiglitazone-induced marrow adiposity and intra-femoral injection of SBC5 cells were used to demonstrate the relationship between BMAs and SBC5 cells in vivo. Co-culture system, gene co-expression, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS BMAs specially enhance the invasion of bone metastatic SBC5 instead of non-bone metastatic SBC3 in vitro. SBC5 instead of SBC3 promoted osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation as well as de-differentiation of mature BMAs. Rosiglitazone-induced marrow adiposity significantly enhanced osteolytic lesion induced by SBC5 in vivo. RNA-seq revealed that compared with SBC3, S100A9 and S100A8 genes were the most prominent genes up-regulated in SBC5 cells. High expression of S100A8/9 in SBC5 could be responsible for the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and BMAs. More importantly, interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), which is adjacent to S100A8/A9 in 1q21.3, was significantly up-regulated by BMAs in vitro. S100A8/A9 (1 μg/ml) could obviously enhance the osteoblastic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation, whereas TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 (10 μmol/l) significantly attenuated this effect. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that bone marrow adipocyte may communicate with lung cancer cells via 1q21.3 (S100A8/A9-IL6R)-TLR4 pathway to promote osteolytic bone destruction. 1q21.3 (S100A8/A9-IL6R) is a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjia Tang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujue Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Vashum Y, Khashim Z. Obesity and Cathepsin K: A Complex Pathophysiological Relationship in Breast Cancer Metastases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1227-1231. [PMID: 32368981 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200505115132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer appears in a strong inclination to metastasize in bone tissue. Several strategies are discussed in combating bone metastasis in breast cancer. However, therapy is only palliative and does not provide any improvement in survival to the majority of patients with advanced cancer. Obese and overweight women with breast cancer are three times more likely to develop metastatic disease compared to normal-weight women with the same treatment regimen. Overweight greatly intensify adipocytes formation in the bone marrow affecting bone metabolism by decreasing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cathepsin K (CTSK), a cysteine protease, effectively degrades several components of the extracellular matrix and has the ability to differentiate adipocytes from bone marrow lineage. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the underlying mechanism of CTSK and obesity role in breast cancer metastasis. METHODS Systematic review was performed using PubMed, EMBASE. The evidence of obesity and CTSK in breast cancer skeletal metastasis were analyzed, summarized and compared. RESULTS The present investigation argues for a specific association of CTSK with breast cancer skeletal metastasis by promoting adipocyte differentiation. The potential tumor-supporting roles of adipocytes are well documented, and in fact, suppressing adipocyte could be a new therapeutic option in the battle against lethal metastatic breast cancers. CONCLUSION This review emphasizes CTSK through its multifaceted role in differentiating adipocytes, inflammation, and extracellular degradation, may be a critical factor in an obesity-cancer connection. Thus, integration of CTSK targeting strategies into established traditional therapies seems to hold substantial promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaongamphi Vashum
- Department of Biochemistry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra-411040, India
| | - Zenith Khashim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, United States
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30
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Zhong L, Yao L, Tower RJ, Wei Y, Miao Z, Park J, Shrestha R, Wang L, Yu W, Holdreith N, Huang X, Zhang Y, Tong W, Gong Y, Ahn J, Susztak K, Dyment N, Li M, Long F, Chen C, Seale P, Qin L. Single cell transcriptomics identifies a unique adipose lineage cell population that regulates bone marrow environment. eLife 2020; 9:e54695. [PMID: 32286228 PMCID: PMC7220380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells are a heterogeneous cell population involved in bone homeostasis and diseases such as osteoporosis. While it is long postulated that they originate from mesenchymal stem cells, the true identity of progenitors and their in vivo bifurcated differentiation routes into osteoblasts and adipocytes remain poorly understood. Here, by employing large scale single cell transcriptome analysis, we computationally defined mesenchymal progenitors at different stages and delineated their bi-lineage differentiation paths in young, adult and aging mice. One identified subpopulation is a unique cell type that expresses adipocyte markers but contains no lipid droplets. As non-proliferative precursors for adipocytes, they exist abundantly as pericytes and stromal cells that form a ubiquitous 3D network inside the marrow cavity. Functionally they play critical roles in maintaining marrow vasculature and suppressing bone formation. Therefore, we name them marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) and conclude that they are a newly identified component of marrow adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jihwan Park
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Transnational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathanial Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Fanxin Long
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Zarrer J, Haider MT, Smit DJ, Taipaleenmäki H. Pathological Crosstalk between Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells and the Bone Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020337. [PMID: 32092997 PMCID: PMC7072692 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common metastatic site in breast cancer. Upon arrival to the bone, disseminated tumor cells can undergo a period of dormancy but often eventually grow and hijack the bone microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of multiple cell types including the bone cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells that all have crucial functions in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Tumor cells severely disturb the tightly controlled cellular and molecular interactions in the bone marrow fueling their own survival and growth. While the role of bone resorbing osteoclasts in breast cancer bone metastases is well established, the function of other bone cells, as well as adipocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells is less understood. In this review, we discuss the composition of the physiological bone microenvironment and how the presence of tumor cells influences the microenvironment, creating a pathological crosstalk between the cells. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that occur in the metastatic bone microenvironment could facilitate the identification of novel cellular targets to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zarrer
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Maroni P. Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031051. [PMID: 32033341 PMCID: PMC7037668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most serious aspect of neoplastic disease is the spread of cancer cells to secondary sites. Skeletal metastases can escape detection long after treatment of the primary tumour and follow-up. Bone tissue is a breeding ground for many types of cancer cells, especially those derived from the breast, prostate, and lung. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, bone metastases still have a profound impact on quality of life and survival and are often responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Bone and the bone marrow environment contain a wide variety of cells. No longer considered a passive filler, bone marrow adipocytes have emerged as critical contributors to cancer progression. Released by adipocytes, adipokines are soluble factors with hormone-like functions and are currently believed to affect tumour development. Src-associated in mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68), originally discovered as a protein physically associated with and phosphorylated by c-Src during mitosis, is now recognised as an important RNA-binding protein linked to tumour onset and progression of disease. Sam68 also regulates splicing events and recent evidence reports that dysregulation of these events is a key step in neoplastic transformation and tumour progression. The present review reports recent findings on adipokines and Sam68 and their role in breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maroni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
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Deligiorgi MV, Panayiotidis MI, Griniatsos J, Trafalis DT. Harnessing the versatile role of OPG in bone oncology: counterbalancing RANKL and TRAIL signaling and beyond. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:13-30. [PMID: 31578655 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 decades ago, the discovery of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as inhibitor of the receptor of activator of nuclear factor Kb (RANK) ligand (RANKL) revolutionized our understanding of bone biology and oncology. Besides acting as decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG acts as decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG, RANKL, and TRAIL are ubiquitously expressed, stimulating per se pivotal signaling cascades implicated in cancer. In the context of cancer cell-bone cell interactions, cancer cells skew the OPG/RANKL/RANK (RANKL cognate receptor) balance towards bone destruction and tumor growth through favoring the RANKL/RANK interface, circumventing OPG. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the dual role of OPG in cancer: antitumor and tumor-promoting. OPG potentially conveys an antitumor signal through inhibiting the tumor-promoting RANKL signaling-both the osteoclast-dependent and the osteoclast-independent-and the tumor-promoting TRAIL signaling. On the other hand, the presumed tumor-promoting functions of OPG are: (i) abrogation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells; (ii) abrogation of RANKL-induced antitumor immunity; and (iii) stimulation of oncogenic and prometastatic signaling cascades downstream of the interaction of OPG with diverse proteins. The present review dissects the role of OPG in bone oncology. It presents the available preclinical and clinical data sustaining the dual role of OPG in cancer and focuses on the imbalanced RANKL/RANK/OPG interplay in the landmark "vicious cycle" of skeletal metastatic disease, osteosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in exploiting OPG signaling in bone oncology therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Room A516, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John Griniatsos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Str, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Shiozawa Y. The Roles of Bone Marrow-Resident Cells as a Microenvironment for Bone Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:57-72. [PMID: 32030676 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment influence one another to worsen bone metastatic disease progression. Bone marrow contains various cell types, including (1) cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., osteoblasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes), (2) cells of hematopoietic origin (e.g., osteoclast and immune cells), and (3) others (e.g., endothelial cells and nerves). The recent studies have enabled us to discover many important cancer-derived factors responsible for the development of bone metastasis. However, many critical questions regarding the roles of bone microenvironment in bone metastatic progression remain elusive. To answer these questions, a deeper understanding of the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer and bone marrow microenvironment is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The Regulation of Marrow Fat by Vitamin D: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:405-415. [PMID: 31749086 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the available literature regarding a possible relationship between vitamin D and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), and to identify future avenues of research that warrant attention. RECENT FINDINGS Results from in vivo animal and human studies all support the hypothesis that vitamin D can suppress BMAT expansion. This is achieved by antagonizing adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells, through inhibition of PPARγ2 activity and stimulation of pro-osteogenic Wnt signalling. However, our understanding of the functions of BMAT is still evolving, and studies on the role of vitamin D in modulating BMAT function are lacking. In addition, many diseases and chronic conditions are associated with low vitamin D status and low bone mineral density (BMD), but BMAT expansion has not been studied in these patient populations. Vitamin D suppresses BMAT expansion, but its role in modulating BMAT function is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Francie van Zijl Drive, PO Box 241, Parow, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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Craft CS, Robles H, Lorenz MR, Hilker ED, Magee KL, Andersen TL, Cawthorn WP, MacDougald OA, Harris CA, Scheller EL. Bone marrow adipose tissue does not express UCP1 during development or adrenergic-induced remodeling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17427. [PMID: 31758074 PMCID: PMC6874537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes within the skeleton are collectively termed bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). BMAT contributes to peripheral and local metabolism, however, its capacity for cell-autonomous expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a biomarker of beige and brown adipogenesis, remains unclear. To overcome this, Ucp1-Cre was used to drive diphtheria toxin expression in cells expressing UCP1 (Ucp1Cre+/DTA+). Despite loss of brown adipose tissue, BMAT volume was not reduced in Ucp1Cre+/DTA+ mice. Comparably, in mTmG reporter mice (Ucp1Cre+/mTmG+), Ucp1-Cre expression was absent from BMAT in young (3-weeks) and mature (16-weeks) male and female mice. Further, β3-agonist stimulation failed to induce Ucp1-Cre expression in BMAT. This demonstrates that BMAT adipocytes are not UCP1-expressing beige/brown adipocytes. Thus, to identify novel and emerging roles for BMAT adipocytes in skeletal and whole-body homeostasis, we performed gene enrichment analysis of microarray data from adipose tissues of adult rabbits. Pathway analysis revealed genetic evidence for differences in BMAT including insulin resistance, decreased fatty acid metabolism, and enhanced contributions to local processes including bone mineral density through candidate genes such as osteopontin. In sum, this supports a paradigm by which BMAT adipocytes are a unique subpopulation that is specialized to support cells within the skeletal and hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hero Robles
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madelyn R Lorenz
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric D Hilker
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristann L Magee
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital - Department of Clinical Research & Department Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William P Cawthorn
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Lupien LE, Dunkley EM, Maloy MJ, Lehner IB, Foisey MG, Ouellette ME, Lewis LD, Pooler DB, Kinlaw WB, Baures PW. An Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase Thioesterase Domain with Improved Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells and Stability in Plasma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:171-185. [PMID: 31300609 PMCID: PMC7184194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that many cancers are addicted to a constant supply of fatty acids (FAs) and exhibit brisk de novo FA synthesis. Upregulation of a key lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a near-universal feature of human cancers and their precursor lesions, and has been associated with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival. FASN inhibition has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells, but progress in the field has been hindered by off-target effects and poor pharmaceutical properties of candidate compounds. Our initial hit (compound 1) was identified from a high-throughput screening effort by the Sanford-Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics using purified FASN thioesterase (FASN-TE) domain. Despite being a potent inhibitor of purified FASN-TE, compound 1 proved highly unstable in mouse plasma and only weakly cytotoxic to breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. An iterative process of synthesis, cytotoxicity testing, and plasma stability assessment was used to identify a new lead (compound 41). This lead is more cytotoxic against multiple BC cell lines than tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid (the literature standard for inhibiting FASN), is stable in mouse plasma, and shows negligible cytotoxic effects against nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Compound 41 also has drug-like physical properties based on Lipinski's rules and is, therefore, a valuable new lead for targeting fatty acid synthesis to exploit the requirement of tumor cells for fatty acids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An iterative process of synthesis and biological testing was used to identify a novel thioesterase domain FASN inhibitor that has drug-like properties, is more cytotoxic to breast cancer cells than the widely used tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid, and has negligible effects on the growth and proliferation of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Our studies have confirmed the value of using potent and selective FASN inhibitors in the treatment of BC cells and have shown that the availability of exogenous lipoproteins may impact both cancer cell FA metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Lupien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Evan M Dunkley
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Margaret J Maloy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Ian B Lehner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maxwell G Foisey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maddison E Ouellette
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Darcy Bates Pooler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W Baures
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
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Ortiz-Rivero S, Baquero C, Hernández-Cano L, Roldán-Etcheverry JJ, Gutiérrez-Herrero S, Fernández-Infante C, Martín-Granado V, Anguita E, de Pereda JM, Porras A, Guerrero C. C3G, through its GEF activity, induces megakaryocytic differentiation and proplatelet formation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:101. [PMID: 30567575 PMCID: PMC6299959 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Megakaryopoiesis allows platelet formation, which is necessary for coagulation, also playing an important role in different pathologies. However, this process remains to be fully characterized. C3G, an activator of Rap1 GTPases, is involved in platelet activation and regulates several differentiation processes. METHODS We evaluated C3G function in megakaryopoiesis using transgenic mouse models where C3G and C3GΔCat (mutant lacking the GEF domain) transgenes are expressed exclusively in megakaryocytes and platelets. In addition, we used different clones of K562, HEL and DAMI cell lines with overexpression or silencing of C3G or GATA-1. RESULTS We found that C3G participates in the differentiation of immature hematopoietic cells to megakaryocytes. Accordingly, bone marrow cells from transgenic C3G, but not those from transgenic C3GΔCat mice, showed increased expression of the differentiation markers CD41 and CD61, upon thrombopoietin treatment. Furthermore, C3G overexpression increased the number of CD41+ megakaryocytes with high DNA content. These results are supported by data obtained in the different models of megakaryocytic cell lines. In addition, it was uncovered GATA-1 as a positive regulator of C3G expression. Moreover, C3G transgenic megakaryocytes from fresh bone marrow explants showed increased migration from the osteoblastic to the vascular niche and an enhanced ability to form proplatelets. Although the transgenic expression of C3G in platelets did not alter basal platelet counts, it did increase slightly those induced by TPO injection in vivo. Moreover, platelet C3G induced adipogenesis in the bone marrow under pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS All these data indicate that C3G plays a significant role in different steps of megakaryopoiesis, acting through a mechanism dependent on its GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Baquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández-Cano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan José Roldán-Etcheverry
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Herrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Infante
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor Martín-Granado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María de Pereda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain.
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