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Ozcagli E, Kubickova B, Jacobs MN. Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARα, PPARγ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401120. [PMID: 39040675 PMCID: PMC11260640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst western diet and sedentary lifestyles heavily contribute to the global obesity epidemic, it is likely that chemical exposure may also contribute. A substantial body of literature implicates a variety of suspected environmental chemicals in metabolic disruption and obesogenic mechanisms. Chemically induced obesogenic metabolic disruption is not yet considered in regulatory testing paradigms or regulations, but this is an internationally recognised human health regulatory development need. An early step in the development of relevant regulatory test methods is to derive appropriate minimum chemical selection lists for the target endpoint and its key mechanisms, such that the test method can be suitably optimised and validated. Independently collated and reviewed reference and proficiency chemicals relevant for the regulatory chemical universe that they are intended to serve, assist regulatory test method development and validation, particularly in relation to the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. To address obesogenic mechanisms and modes of action for chemical hazard assessment, key initiating mechanisms include molecular-level Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonism and the tissue/organ-level key event of perturbation of the adipogenesis process that may lead to excess white adipose tissue. Here we present a critical literature review, analysis and evaluation of chemicals suitable for the development, optimisation and validation of human PPARα and PPARγ agonism and human white adipose tissue adipogenesis test methods. The chemical lists have been derived with consideration of essential criteria needed for understanding the strengths and limitations of the test methods. With a weight of evidence approach, this has been combined with practical and applied aspects required for the integration and combination of relevant candidate test methods into test batteries, as part of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for metabolic disruption. The proposed proficiency and reference chemical list includes a long list of negatives and positives (20 chemicals for PPARα, 21 for PPARγ, and 11 for adipogenesis) from which a (pre-)validation proficiency chemicals list has been derived.
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Rahimlou M, Mousavi MA, Chiti H, Peyda M, Mousavi SN. Association of maternal exposure to endocrine disruptor chemicals with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:82. [PMID: 38576015 PMCID: PMC10993545 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the association of maternal exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children during childhood for the first time. METHOD The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched, up to Feb 2023. In total 30 cohort studies had our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used for the variables that had considerable heterogeneity between studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to classify the quality score of studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 14 and P-value < 0.05 considered as a significant level. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, maternal exposure to the EDCs was weakly associated with higher SBP (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.04, 0.08), BMI (Fisher_Z: 0.07, CI: 0.06, 0.08), and WC (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.03, 0.08) z-scores in children. A significant linear association was found between maternal exposure to the bisphenol-A and pesticides with BMI and WC z-score in children (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant linear association of BPA and pesticides, in the urine samples of mothers at the first trimester of pregnancy, with BMI and WC z-score in children from 2-8 years (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to the EDCs in the uterine period could increase the risk of obesity in children. Maternal exposure to bisphenol-A and pesticides showed the strongest association with the obesity, especially visceral form, in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Mousavi
- Department of General Surgery, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mazyar Peyda
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Honarestan St., Janbazan St., Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
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Rabotnick MH, Ehlinger J, Haidari A, Goodrich JM. Prenatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals: The role of multi-omics in understanding toxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112046. [PMID: 37598796 PMCID: PMC10592024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a diverse group of toxicants detected in populations globally. Prenatal EDC exposures impact birth and childhood outcomes. EDCs work through persistent changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. Molecular and biochemical signals or 'omics' can be measured at various functional levels - including the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and the microbiome. In this narrative review, we introduce each omics and give examples of associations with prenatal EDC exposures. There is substantial research on epigenomic modifications in offspring exposed to EDCs during gestation, and a growing number of studies evaluating the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome in response to these exposures. Multi-omics, integrating data across omics layers, may improve understanding of disrupted function pathways related to early life exposures. We highlight several data integration methods to consider in multi-omics studies. Information from multi-omics can improve understanding of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying prenatal EDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Rabotnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ariana Haidari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Garofalo G, Nielsen T, Caito S. Expression Profiling of Adipogenic and Anti-Adipogenic MicroRNA Sequences following Methylmercury Exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. TOXICS 2023; 11:934. [PMID: 37999587 PMCID: PMC10674990 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression that respond not only to developmental and pathological cues, but also to environmental stimuli. Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of metabolic conditions and has been shown to significantly affect the expression of circulating miRNA sequences. Recently, our lab has shown that the environmental toxicant methylmercury (MeHg) causes dyslipidemia in the Caenorhabditis elegans model organism. While 10 and 20 μM MeHg increases the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipid-binding proteins in worms, there is limited information on how the toxicant affects the miRNA regulators of these genes. We hypothesized that MeHg would increase the expression of adipogenic miRNA sequences and/or decrease the expression of anti-adipogenic miRNA sequences. We further hypothesized that the target mRNA sequences for the miRNAs affected by MeHg would be consequently altered. We selected three potentially adipogenic (mir-34, mir-124, and mir-355) and three potentially anti-adipogenic (mir-240, mir-786, and let-7) miRNA sequences homologous to known human miRNA sequences altered in obesity, and quantified their levels 24 h and 48 h post MeHg treatment. At 24 h post exposure, MeHg significantly increased expression of both the adipogenic and anti-adipogenic miRNA sequences 1.5-3x above untreated control. By 48 h post exposure, only the adipogenic miRNA sequences were elevated, while the anti-adipogenic miRNA sequences were decreased by 50% compared to untreated control. These data suggest that there are developmental changes in miRNA expression over time following MeHg exposure. We next selected one target mRNA sequence for each miRNA sequence based on miRNA-mRNA relationships observed in humans. MeHg altered the gene expression of all the target genes assayed. Except for mir-34, all the tested miRNA-mRNA sequences showed a conserved relationship between nematode and humans. To determine whether the selected miRNA sequences were involved in lipid accumulation in response to MeHg, lipid storage was investigated in transgenic worm strains that lacked the specific miRNA strains. Of the six strains investigated, only the mir-124 and let-7 mutant worms had lipid storage levels that were statistically different from wild type, suggesting that these two sequences can be potential mediators of MeHg-induced lipid dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Caito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
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Muncke J, Andersson AM, Backhaus T, Belcher SM, Boucher JM, Carney Almroth B, Collins TJ, Geueke B, Groh KJ, Heindel JJ, von Hippel FA, Legler J, Maffini MV, Martin OV, Peterson Myers J, Nadal A, Nerin C, Soto AM, Trasande L, Vandenberg LN, Wagner M, Zimmermann L, Thomas Zoeller R, Scheringer M. A vision for safer food contact materials: Public health concerns as drivers for improved testing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108161. [PMID: 37758599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) and food contact articles are ubiquitous in today's globalized food system. Chemicals migrate from FCMs into foodstuffs, so called food contact chemicals (FCCs), but current regulatory requirements do not sufficiently protect public health from hazardous FCCs because only individual substances used to make FCMs are tested and mostly only for genotoxicity while endocrine disruption and other hazard properties are disregarded. Indeed, FCMs are a known source of a wide range of hazardous chemicals, and they likely contribute to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases. FCMs can also include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), which often are unknown and therefore not subject to risk assessment. To address these important shortcomings, we outline how the safety of FCMs may be improved by (1) testing the overall migrate, including (unknown) NIAS, of finished food contact articles, and (2) expanding toxicological testing beyond genotoxicity to multiple endpoints associated with non-communicable diseases relevant to human health. To identify mechanistic endpoints for testing, we group chronic health outcomes associated with chemical exposure into Six Clusters of Disease (SCOD) and we propose that finished food contact articles should be tested for their impacts on these SCOD. Research should focus on developing robust, relevant, and sensitive in-vitro assays based on mechanistic information linked to the SCOD, e.g., through Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) or Key Characteristics of Toxicants. Implementing this vision will improve prevention of chronic diseases that are associated with hazardous chemical exposures, including from FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet and Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliette Legler
- Dept. of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Olwenn V Martin
- Plastic Waste Innovation Hub, Department of Arts and Science, University College London, UK
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Dept. of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- College of Global Public Health and Grossman School of Medicine and Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Wagner
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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8
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Escher BI, Altenburger R, Blüher M, Colbourne JK, Ebinghaus R, Fantke P, Hein M, Köck W, Kümmerer K, Leipold S, Li X, Scheringer M, Scholz S, Schloter M, Schweizer PJ, Tal T, Tetko I, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Wick LY, Fenner K. Modernizing persistence-bioaccumulation-toxicity (PBT) assessment with high throughput animal-free methods. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1267-1283. [PMID: 36952002 PMCID: PMC10110678 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), and toxicity (T) of a chemical is a crucial first step at ensuring chemical safety and is a cornerstone of the European Union's chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals). Existing methods for PBT assessment are overly complex and cumbersome, have produced incorrect conclusions, and rely heavily on animal-intensive testing. We explore how new-approach methodologies (NAMs) can overcome the limitations of current PBT assessment. We propose two innovative hazard indicators, termed cumulative toxicity equivalents (CTE) and persistent toxicity equivalents (PTE). Together they are intended to replace existing PBT indicators and can also accommodate the emerging concept of PMT (where M stands for mobility). The proposed "toxicity equivalents" can be measured with high throughput in vitro bioassays. CTE refers to the toxic effects measured directly in any given sample, including single chemicals, substitution products, or mixtures. PTE is the equivalent measure of cumulative toxicity equivalents measured after simulated environmental degradation of the sample. With an appropriate panel of animal-free or alternative in vitro bioassays, CTE and PTE comprise key environmental and human health hazard indicators. CTE and PTE do not require analytical identification of transformation products and mixture components but instead prompt two key questions: is the chemical or mixture toxic, and is this toxicity persistent or can it be attenuated by environmental degradation? Taken together, the proposed hazard indicators CTE and PTE have the potential to integrate P, B/M and T assessment into one high-throughput experimental workflow that sidesteps the need for analytical measurements and will support the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability of the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, E72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Munich-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH) at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John K Colbourne
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaela Hein
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Köck
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- International Sustainable Chemistry Collaboration Centre (ISC3), Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 32 + 36, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Leipold
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Political Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Bachstr. 18k, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Environmental Health Centre, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pia-Johanna Schweizer
- Research Institute for Sustainability-Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Berliner Strasse 130, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tamara Tal
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Igor Tetko
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Centre, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Environmental Health Centre, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, E04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Che Z, Jia H, Chen R, Pan K, Fan Z, Su C, Wu Z, Zhang T. Associations between exposure to brominated flame retardants and metabolic syndrome and its components in U.S. adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159935. [PMID: 36336051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are simultaneously exposed to numerous of environmental brominated flame retardants (BFRs). We aim to explore the overall associations of BFRs mixture on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and further identify significant chemicals. METHODS This study included 4641 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2016. The weighted logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association of a single BFR exposure with MetS and its components. Meanwhile, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were adopted to evaluate the overall associations of BFRs mixture on MetS and its components, and to identify significant chemicals. We also evaluated potential associations modified by sex. RESULTS In the weighted logistic regression model, PBB153 were positively associated with MetS in a dose-dependent manner (Ptrend < 0.05). For its components, increasing quartiles of most BFRs were positively associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL. However, we found no statistically significant associations between BFRs and hypertension and hyperglycemia. WQS analyses found that BFRs mixture was positively associated with MetS (OR: 1.30; 95%CI:1.14, 1.46), abdominal obesity (OR: 1.15; 95%CI:1.03, 1.27), hypertriglyceridemia (OR:1.43; 95%CI:1.19, 1.67), and low HDL (OR: 1.15; 95%CI:1.01, 1.29). BKMR showed associations in a similar direction as WQS for BFRs mixture. For MetS, hypertriglyceridemia and Low HDL, PBB153, PBDE28 and PBDE209 were the most heavily weighting chemicals and had the highest the posterior inclusion probabilities in the WQS and BKMR, respectively. BFRs showed stronger associations of MetS and its components in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested exposure to BFRs mixture was positively associated with MetS and its components in adults, and PBB153, PBDE28 and PBDE209 were the significant chemicals. However, prospective cohort studies are still needed to confirm the causal effect between BFRs mixture and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Che
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huixun Jia
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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10
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Wang B, Steinberg GR. Environmental toxicants, brown adipose tissue, and potential links to obesity and metabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102314. [PMID: 36334331 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rates of human obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have risen faster than anticipated and cannot solely be explained by excessive caloric intake or physical inactivity. Importantly, this effect is also observed in many other domesticated and non-domesticated mammals, which has led to the hypothesis that synthetic environmental pollutants may be contributing to disease development. While the impact of these chemicals on appetite and adipogenesis has been extensively studied, their potential role in reducing energy expenditure is less studied. An important component of whole-body energy expenditure is adaptive and diet-induced thermogenesis in human brown adipose tissue (BAT). This review summarizes recent evidence that environmental pollutants such as the pesticide chlorpyrifos inhibit BAT function, diet-induced thermogenesis and the potential signaling pathways mediating these effects. Lastly, we discuss the importance of housing experimental mice at thermoneutrality, rather than room temperature, to maximize the translation of findings to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
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11
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Pesticides and Their Impairing Effects on Epithelial Barrier Integrity, Dysbiosis, Disruption of the AhR Signaling Pathway and Development of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012402. [PMID: 36293259 PMCID: PMC9604036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental and occupational risk we confront from agricultural chemicals increases as their presence in natural habitats rises to hazardous levels, building a major part of the exposome. This is of particular concern in low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, known as a leading producer of agricultural commodities and consumer of pesticides. As long as public policies continue to encourage the indiscriminate use of pesticides and governments continue to support this strategy instead of endorsing sustainable agricultural alternatives, the environmental burden that damages epithelial barriers will continue to grow. Chronic exposure to environmental contaminants in early life can affect crucial barrier tissue, such as skin epithelium, airways, and intestine, causing increased permeability, leaking, dysbiosis, and inflammation, with serious implications for metabolism and homeostasis. This vicious cycle of exposure to environmental factors and the consequent damage to the epithelial barrier has been associated with an increase in immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Understanding how the harmful effects of pesticides on the epithelial barrier impact cellular interactions mediated by endogenous sensors that coordinate a successful immune system represents a crucial challenge. In line with the epithelial barrier hypothesis, this narrative review reports the available evidence on the effects of pesticides on epithelial barrier integrity, dysbiosis, AhR signaling, and the consequent development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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12
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The Mixture of Bisphenol-A and Its Substitutes Bisphenol-S and Bisphenol-F Exerts Obesogenic Activity on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060287. [PMID: 35736896 PMCID: PMC9229358 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes, bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS), have previously shown in vitro obesogenic activity. This study was designed to investigate their combined effect on the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Cells were exposed for 14 days to an equimolar mixture of bisphenols (MIX) (range 10 nM–10 µM). Oil Red staining was used to measure intracellular lipid accumulation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to study gene expression of adipogenic markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, and FABP4), and Western Blot to determine their corresponding proteins. The MIX promoted intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal response at 10 µM. Co-incubation with pure antiestrogen (ICI 182,780) inhibited lipid accumulation, suggesting that the effect was mediated by the estrogen receptor. The MIX also significantly altered the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, and FABP4 markers, observing a non-monotonic (U-shaped) dose-response, with maximal gene expression at 10 nM and 10 µM and lesser expression at 1 µM. This pattern was not observed when bisphenols were tested individually. Exposure to MIX (1–10 µM) also increased all encoded proteins except for FABP4, which showed no changes. Evaluation of the combined effect of relevant chemical mixtures is needed rather than single chemical testing.
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13
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Filer DL, Hoffman K, Sargis RM, Trasande L, Kassotis CD. On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57005. [PMID: 35533074 PMCID: PMC9084331 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests environmental contaminants can impact metabolic health; however, high costs prohibit in vivo screening of putative metabolic disruptors. High-throughput screening programs, such as ToxCast, hold promise to reduce testing gaps and prioritize higher-order (in vivo) testing. OBJECTIVES We sought to a) examine the concordance of in vitro testing in 3T3-L1 cells to a targeted literature review for 38 semivolatile environmental chemicals, and b) assess the predictive utility of various expert models using ToxCast data against the set of 38 reference chemicals. METHODS Using a set of 38 chemicals with previously published results in 3T3-L1 cells, we performed a metabolism-targeted literature review to determine consensus activity determinations. To assess ToxCast predictive utility, we used two published ToxPi models: a) the 8-Slice model published by Janesick et al. (2016) and b) the 5-Slice model published by Auerbach et al. (2016). We examined the performance of the two models against the Janesick in vitro results and our own 38-chemical reference set. We further evaluated the predictive performance of various modifications to these models using cytotoxicity filtering approaches and validated our best-performing model with new chemical testing in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS The literature review revealed relevant publications for 30 out of the 38 chemicals (the remaining 8 chemicals were only examined in our previous 3T3-L1 testing). We observed a balanced accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) of 0.86 comparing our previous in vitro results to the literature-derived calls. ToxPi models provided balanced accuracies ranging from 0.55 to 0.88, depending on the model specifications and reference set. Validation chemical testing correctly predicted 29 of 30 chemicals as per 3T3-L1 testing, suggesting good adipogenic prediction performance for our best adapted model. DISCUSSION Using the most recent ToxCast data and an updated ToxPi model, we found ToxCast performed similarly to that of our own 3T3-L1 testing in predicting consensus calls. Furthermore, we provide the full ranked list of largely untested chemicals with ToxPi scores that predict adipogenic activity and that require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne L. Filer
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, and Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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14
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Balcı A, Özkemahlı G, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek D, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Effects of prenatal and lactational bisphenol a and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on male reproductive system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:902-915. [PMID: 32787440 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1805416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are abundantly used endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single and combined exposures to BPA and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in prenatal and lactational period on rat male reproductive system in later stages of life. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly to four groups (n = 3/group): Control (corn oil); DEHP (30 mg/kg/day); BPA (50 mg/kg/day); and BPA+ DEHP (30 mg/kg/day DEHP and 50 mg/kg/day BPA). Groups exposed to EDCs through 6-21 gestational days and lactation period by intragastric lavage. Male offspring (n = 6/group) from each mother were fed till adulthood and were then euthanized. Later, reproductive hormones, sperm parameters, and oxidative stress parameters were determined. In conclusion, we can suggest that prenatal and lactational exposure to BPA and DEHP may cause adverse effects in male reproductive system in later stages of life especially after combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Balcı
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Özkemahlı
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Murro I, Lisco G, Di Noia C, Lampignano L, Zupo R, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, Triggiani V, De Pergola G. Endocrine Disruptors and Obesity: an Overview. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:798-806. [PMID: 35346017 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220328122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are widespread in the environment. In this perspective, the authors examine the issue related to the exposure to several chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties as promoting factors to obesity. Data show that Phthalates, Bisphenol compounds, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), solvents, and personal care products can modify metabolic properties in a dose-response and sex-specific manner. Phthalates and bisphenol compounds increase body mass index, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, and the sum of skinfold thicknesses in women and not in men. Low-dose exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants is strongly associated with increased body mass index in men and decreased this parameter in women. The mechanism through which these compounds act on anthropometric parameters is not entirely understood. Several studies suggest a possible interference in gonadotropin secretion and the thyroid axis. These inspire a decrease of both total and free testosterone levels in men and FT3 and FT4 levels in women, particularly after a pregnancy. The impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals on adipose tissue inflammation and future cardio-metabolic disorders remains to be elucidated. Therefore, studies involving both healthy and obese individuals are needed to unambiguously confirm results from in vitro and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isanna Murro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari
| | - Carmen Di Noia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Population Health Unit - \'Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology \'Saverio de Bellis\', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Population Health Unit - \'Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology \'Saverio de Bellis\', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit - National Institute of Gastroenterology \'Saverio de Bellis\', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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16
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Völker J, Ashcroft F, Vedøy Å, Zimmermann L, Wagner M. Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35080176 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.29.454199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity in cell and animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found in plastics. To gain a comprehensive understanding of plastics as a source of exposure to MDCs, we characterized the chemicals present in 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features and tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, the chemicals extracted from one-third of the products caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to proliferate, and differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger and contained more triglycerides than those treated with the reference compound rosiglitazone. Because the majority of plastic extracts did not activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the glucocorticoid receptor, the adipogenic effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely to be caused by unknown MDCs. Our study demonstrates that daily-use plastics contain potent mixtures of MDCs and can, therefore, be a relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Völker
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Vedøy
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Völker J, Ashcroft F, Vedøy Å, Zimmermann L, Wagner M. Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2487-2496. [PMID: 35080176 PMCID: PMC8851687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity in cell and animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found in plastics. To gain a comprehensive understanding of plastics as a source of exposure to MDCs, we characterized the chemicals present in 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features and tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, the chemicals extracted from one-third of the products caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to proliferate, and differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger and contained more triglycerides than those treated with the reference compound rosiglitazone. Because the majority of plastic extracts did not activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the glucocorticoid receptor, the adipogenic effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely to be caused by unknown MDCs. Our study demonstrates that daily-use plastics contain potent mixtures of MDCs and can, therefore, be a relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Völker
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Vedøy
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Department
of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University
Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Wang Y, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. New insights into potential estrogen agonistic activity of triazole fungicides and coupled metabolic disturbance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127479. [PMID: 34688002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are highly effective pesticides widely used in plant protection, which has caused potential hazards to human health and ecological safety. To fully understand their potential hepatotoxicity, we first analyzed the transcriptome profiles in HepG2 cells treated with five triazole fungicides (hexiconazole (HEX), tebuconazole (TEB), propiconazole (PRO), cyproconazole (CYP), and difenoconazole (DIF)), and found that these pesticides remarkably affected estrogen signaling pathways, especially estrogen synthesis. Furthermore, we found that TEB, CYP, PRO and DIF had agonistic activity towards estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and elucidated the binding mode of triazole ligands with ERα using the reporter gene assay and molecular docking. Four triazole fungicides regulated eight major genes involved in estrogen synthesis (StAR, CYP11A1, 3βHSD2, CYP17, CYP19, CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and SCP2) and stimulated the secretion of 17β-estradiol (E2). Finally, we assessed possible metabolic outcomes caused by abnormal estrogen synthesis, and found that triazole fungicides affected the metabolism of various macromolecules (such as lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate) and signal transduction. These findings will provide new insights into endocrine-disrupting effects of triazole fungicides and highlight their potential ecological and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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19
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Nielsen T, Crawford N, Martell M, Khalil B, Imtiaz F, Newell-Caito JL, Caito S. MicroRNA Expression Influences Methylmercury-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 35:77-88. [PMID: 34905692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) are gaining wider attention. We have previously shown that MeHg causes lipid dysregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), leading to altered gene expression, increased triglyceride levels and lipid storage, and altered feeding behaviors. Transcriptional regulators, such as transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been shown to regulate lipid storage, serum triglycerides, and adipogenic gene expression in human and rodent models of metabolic diseases. As we recently investigated adipogenic transcription factors induced by MeHg, we were, therefore, interested in whether MeHg may also regulate miRNA sequences to cause metabolic dysfunction. Lipid dysregulation, as measured by triglyceride levels, lipid storage sites, and feeding behaviors, was assessed in wild-type (N2) worms and in transgenic worms that either were sensitive to miRNA expression or were unable to process miRNAs. Worms that were sensitive to the miRNA expression were protected from MeHg-induced lipid dysregulation. In contrast, the mutant worms that were unable to process miRNAs had exacerbated MeHg-induced lipid dysregulation. Concurrent with differential lipid homeostasis, miRNA-expression mutants had altered MeHg-induced mitochondrial toxicity as compared to N2, with the miRNA-sensitive mutants showing mitochondrial protection and the miRNA-processing mutants showing increased mitotoxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the expression of miRNAs is an important determinant in MeHg toxicity and MeHg-induced metabolic dysfunction in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Nielsen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
| | - Nicole Crawford
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
| | - Megan Martell
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
| | - Belal Khalil
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
| | - Farooq Imtiaz
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
| | - Jennifer L Newell-Caito
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Samuel Caito
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine 04401, United States
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20
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Methylmercury-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans Are Diet-Dependent. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110287. [PMID: 34822679 PMCID: PMC8619518 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxicant; however, its role in metabolic diseases has been gaining wider attention. Chronic exposure to MeHg in human populations shows an association with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). As the incidences of both obesity and MS are on the rise globally, it is important to understand the potential role of MeHg in the development of the disease. There is a dearth of information on dietary interactions between MeHg and lipids, which play an important role in developing MS. We have previously shown that MeHg increases food seeking behaviors, lipid levels, fat storage, and pro-adipogenic gene expression in C. elegans fed the standard OP50 Escherichia coli diet. However, we hypothesized that these metabolic changes could be prevented if the worms were fed a bacterial diet lower in lipid content. We tested whether C. elegans developed metabolic alterations in response to MeHg if they were fed two alternative E. coli strains (HT115 and HB101) that are known absorb significantly less lipids from their media. Additionally, to explore the effect of a high-lipid and high-cholesterol diet on MeHg-induced metabolic dysfunction, we supplemented the OP50 strain with twice the standard concentration of cholesterol in the nematode growth media. Wild-type worms fed either the HB101 or HT115 diet were more resistant to MeHg than the worms fed the OP50 diet, showing a significant right-hand shift in the dose–response survival curve. Worms fed the OP50 diet supplemented with cholesterol were more sensitive to MeHg, showing a significant left-hand shift in the dose–response survival curve. Changes in sensitivity to MeHg by differential diet were not due to altered MeHg intake in the worms as measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Worms fed the low-fat diets showed protection from MeHg-induced metabolic changes, including decreased food consumption, lower triglyceride content, and lower fat storage than the worms fed either of the higher-fat diets. Oxidative stress is a common characteristic of both MeHg exposure and high-fat diets. Worms fed either OP50 or OP50 supplemented with cholesterol and treated with MeHg had significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species, carbonylated proteins, and loss of glutathione than the worms fed the HT115 or HB101 low-lipid diets. Taken together, our data suggest a synergistic effect of MeHg and dietary lipid levels on MeHg toxicity and fat metabolism in C. elegans, which may affect the ability of MeHg to cause metabolic dysfunction.
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21
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Sakhteman A, Failli M, Kublbeck J, Levonen AL, Fortino V. A toxicogenomic data space for system-level understanding and prediction of EDC-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106751. [PMID: 34271427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a persistent threat to humans and wildlife due to their ability to interfere with endocrine signaling pathways. Inspired by previous work to improve chemical hazard identification through the use of toxicogenomics data, we developed a genomic-oriented data space for profiling the molecular activity of EDCs in an in silico manner, and for creating predictive models that identify and prioritize EDCs. Predictive models of EDCs, derived from gene expression data from rats (in vivo and in vitro primary hepatocytes) and humans (in vitro primary hepatocytes and HepG2), achieve testing accuracy greater than 90%. Negative test sets indicate that known safer chemicals are not predicted as EDCs. The rat in vivo-based classifiers achieve accuracy greater than 75% when tested for invitro to in vivoextrapolation. This study reveals key metabolic pathways and genes affected by EDCs together with a set of predictive models that utilize these pathways to prioritize EDCs in dose/time dependent manner and to predict EDCevokedmetabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sakhteman
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - M Failli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Naples 80125, Italy
| | - J Kublbeck
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - A L Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - V Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
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22
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Bottalico LN, Korlyakova J, Weljie AM, Habibi HR. Seasonally Related Disruption of Metabolism by Environmental Contaminants in Male Goldfish ( Carassius auratus). FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:750870. [PMID: 35295106 PMCID: PMC8915895 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.750870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals mimic or disrupt action of the natural hormones, adversely impacting hormonal function as well as cardiovascular, reproductive, and metabolic health. Goldfish are seasonal breeders with an annual reproductive cycle regulated by neuroendocrine signaling which involves allocation of metabolic energy to sustain growth and reproduction. We hypothesize that seasonal changes in physiology alter overall vulnerability of goldfish to metabolic perturbation induced by environmental contaminants. In this study, we assess effects of endogenous hormones, individual contaminants and their mixture on metabolism of goldfish at different reproductive stages. Exposure effects were assessed using 1H-NMR metabolomics profiling of male goldfish midbrain, gonad and liver harvested during early recrudescence (October), mid-recrudescence (February) and late recrudescence (June). Compounds assessed include bisphenol A, nonylphenol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, fucosterol and a tertiary mixture (DEHP + NP + FS). Metabolome-level responses induced by contaminant exposure across tissues and seasons were benchmarked against responses induced by 17β-estradiol, testosterone and thyroid hormone (T3). We observe a clear seasonal dependence to metabolome-level alteration induced by hormone or contaminant exposures, with February (mid-recrudescence) the stage at which male goldfish are most vulnerable to metabolic perturbation. Responses induced by contaminant exposures differed from those induced by the natural hormones in a season-specific manner. Exposure to the tertiary mixture induced a functional gain at the level of biochemical pathways modeling over responses induced by individual components in select tissues and seasons. We demonstrate the importance of seasonally driven changes in physiology altering overall vulnerability of goldfish to metabolic perturbation induced by environmental contaminants, the relevance of which likely extends to other seasonally-breeding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N. Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julia Korlyakova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Hamid R Habibi,
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23
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Wang B, Tsakiridis EE, Zhang S, Llanos A, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Wu J, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. The pesticide chlorpyrifos promotes obesity by inhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5163. [PMID: 34453052 PMCID: PMC8397754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a caloric imbalance between energy intake, absorption and expenditure. In both rodents and humans, diet-induced thermogenesis contributes to energy expenditure and involves the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We hypothesize that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce BAT thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and this may contribute to the development of obesity. Using a step-wise screening approach, we discover that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos suppresses UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration in BAT at concentrations as low as 1 pM. In mice housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet, chlorpyrifos impairs BAT mitochondrial function and diet-induced thermogenesis, promoting greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This is associated with reductions in cAMP; activation of p38MAPK and AMPK; protein kinases critical for maintaining UCP1 and mitophagy, respectively in BAT. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, suppresses diet-induced thermogenesis and the activation of BAT, suggesting its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna A Srinivasan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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24
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Reproducibility of adipogenic responses to metabolism disrupting chemicals in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model system: An interlaboratory study. Toxicology 2021; 461:152900. [PMID: 34411659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocyte line is an established cell culture model for screening Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs). Despite a need to accurately identify MDCs for further evaluation, relatively little research has been performed to comprehensively evaluate reproducibility across laboratories, assess factors that might contribute to varying degrees of differentiation between laboratories (media additives, plastics, cell source, etc.), or to standardize protocols. As such, the goals of this study were to assess interlaboratory variability of efficacy and potency outcomes for triglyceride accumulation and pre-adipocyte proliferation using the mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell assay to test chemicals. Ten laboratories from five different countries participated. Each laboratory evaluated one reference chemical (rosiglitazone) and three blinded test chemicals (tributyltin chloride, pyraclostrobin, and bisphenol A) using: 1) their Laboratory-specific 3T3-L1 Cells (LC) and their Laboratory-specific differentiation Protocol (LP), 2) Shared 3T3-L1 Cells (SC) with LP, 3) LC with a Shared differentiation Protocol (SP), and 4) SC with SP. Blinded test chemical responses were analyzed by the coordinating laboratory. The magnitude and range of bioactivities reported varied considerably across laboratories and test conditions, though the presence or absence of activity for each tested chemical was more consistent. Triglyceride accumulation activity determinations for rosiglitazone ranged from 90 to 100% across test conditions, but 30-70 % for pre-adipocyte proliferation; this was 40-80 % for triglyceride accumulation induced by pyraclostrobin, 80-100 % for tributyltin, and 80-100 % for bisphenol A. Consistency was much lower for pre-adipocyte proliferation, with 30-70 % active determinations for pyraclostrobin, 30-50 % for tributyltin, and 20-40 % for bisphenol A. Greater consistency was observed for the SC/SP assessment. As such, working to develop a standardized adipogenic differentiation protocol represents the best strategy for improving consistency of adipogenic responses using the 3T3-L1 model to reproducibly identify MDCs and increase confidence in reported outcomes.
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25
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Caito SW, Newell-Caito J, Martell M, Crawford N, Aschner M. Methylmercury Induces Metabolic Alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans: Role for C/EBP Transcription Factor. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:112-123. [PMID: 31851340 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxicant; however, its role in metabolic diseases has been gaining wider attention. We have previously shown that MeHg causes metabolic alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans, leading to decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We were, therefore, interested in whether MeHg also affects nutrient metabolism, particularly lipid homeostasis, which may contribute to the development of metabolic conditions such as obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS). RNA from wild-type worms exposed to MeHg was collected immediately after treatment and used for gene expression analysis by DNA microarray. MeHg differentially regulated 215 genes, 17 genes involved in lipid homeostasis, and 12 genes involved in carbohydrate homeostasis. Of particular interest was cebp-1, the worm ortholog to human C/EBP, a pro-adipogenic transcription factor implicated in MS. MeHg increased the expression of cebp-1 as well as pro-adipogenic transcription factors sbp-1 and nhr-49, triglyceride synthesis enzyme acl-6, and lipid transport proteins vit-2 and vit-6. Concurrent with the altered gene expression, MeHg increased triglyceride levels, lipid storage, and feeding behaviors. Worms expressing mutant cebp-1 were protected from MeHg-induced alterations in lipid content, feeding behaviors, and gene expression, highlighting the importance of this transcription factor in the worm's response to MeHg. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MeHg induces biochemical, metabolic, and behavioral changes in C. elegans that can lead to metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | | | - Megan Martell
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | - Nicole Crawford
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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26
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Kassotis CD, Trasande L. Endocrine disruptor global policy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:1-34. [PMID: 34452684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, scientific consensus has grown around the concept and evidence for human health impacts from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A series of publications have now demonstrated considerable economic costs of EDC exposure-induced adverse health outcomes. This research has suggested economic burdens in the hundreds of billions, even considering only a small subset of EDCs and health. As of yet, regulatory efforts and policies to protect and decrease human exposure to most EDCs have been insufficient and have not kept pace with the science. Given the overwhelming scientific evidence, referenced throughout this collection, as well as the economic costs of inaction, described here, regulations are clearly needed. The EU and some other countries have taken promising steps towards protective regulation of EDCs, though the response of the US and many other countries has been limited or altogether lacking. Regulatory bodies that have and continue to apply risk-based approaches to regulating EDCs have also failed to consider the complete economic impacts of EDC-related health impacts. In this chapter, we will discuss broad strategies taken to regulate EDCs, examine the approaches currently taken to regulate EDCs in a global context (discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these regulations), discuss the economic costs of EDC exposures (detailing where consideration of health and economic costs could improve regulations), and discuss next steps and novel approaches to adapting existing regulatory frameworks to this class of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Bisphenol F and bisphenol S promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112216. [PMID: 33865937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with obesogenic activity. We investigated the in vitro effects of BPS and BPF on the adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) exposed to different doses (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 25 μM), stopping the adipogenic process at 7 or 14 days. Intracellular lipid accumulation was quantified by the Oil Red O assay, gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPα), lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and protein levels by Western Blot. hASCs with BPF or BPS produced a linear dose-response increase in intracellular lipid accumulation and in gene expression of the adipogenic markers, confirmed by protein levels. Co-treatment ICI 182,780 significantly inhibited BPF- but not BPS-induced lipid accumulation. Given the affinity of bisphenols for diverse nuclear receptors, their obesogenic effects may result from a combination of pathways rather than a single mechanism. Further research is warranted on the manner in which chemicals interfere with adipogenic differentiation. To our best knowledge, this report shows for the first time the obesogenic potential of BPF in hASCs.
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28
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Huhn S, Escher BI, Krauss M, Scholz S, Hackermüller J, Altenburger R. Unravelling the chemical exposome in cohort studies: routes explored and steps to become comprehensive. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:17. [PMID: 33614387 PMCID: PMC7877320 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors contribute to the risk for adverse health outcomes against a background of genetic predisposition. Among these factors, chemical exposures may substantially contribute to disease risk and adverse outcomes. In fact, epidemiological cohort studies have established associations between exposure against individual chemicals and adverse health effects. Yet, in daily life individuals are exposed to complex mixtures in varying compositions. To capture the totality of environmental exposures the concept of the exposome has been developed. Here, we undertake an overview of major exposome projects, which pioneered the field of exposomics and explored the links between chemical exposure and health outcomes using cohort studies. We seek to reflect their achievements with regard to (i) capturing a comprehensive picture of the environmental chemical exposome, (ii) aggregating internal exposures using chemical and bioanalytical means of detection, and (iii) identifying associations that provide novel options for risk assessment and intervention. Various complementary approaches can be distinguished in addressing relevant exposure routes and it emerges that individual exposure histories may not easily be grouped. The number of chemicals for which human exposure can be detected is substantial and highlights the reality of mixture exposures. Yet, to a large extent it depends on targeted chemical analysis with the specific challenges to capture all relevant exposure routes and assess the chemical concentrations occurring in humans. The currently used approaches imply prior knowledge or hypotheses about relevant exposures. Typically, the number of chemicals considered in exposome projects is counted in dozens-in contrast to the several thousands of chemicals for which occurrence have been reported in human serum and urine. Furthermore, health outcomes are often still compared to single chemicals only. Moreover, explicit consideration of mixture effects and the interrelations between different outcomes to support causal relationships and identify risk drivers in complex mixtures remain underdeveloped and call for specifically designed exposome-cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Huhn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Fink P, Kenngott KGJ, Englert D, Röder N, Ogbeide C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Chronic effects of the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin in the leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) via two effect pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111848. [PMID: 33421672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides pose a risk for crustacean leaf shredders serving as key-stone species for leaf litter breakdown in detritus-based stream ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of strobilurin fungicides on shredders, even though they are presumed to be the most hazardous fungicide class for aquafauna. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the strobilurin azoxystrobin (AZO) on the survival, energy processing (leaf consumption and feces production), somatic growth (growth rate and molting activity), and energy reserves (neutral lipid fatty and amino acids) of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum via waterborne exposure and food quality-mediated (through the impact of leaf colonizing aquatic microorganisms) and thus indirect effects using 2 × 2-factorial experiments over 24 days. In a first bioassay with 30 µg AZO/L, waterborne exposure substantially reduced survival, energy processing and affected molting activity of gammarids, while no effects were observed via the dietary pathway. Furthermore, a negative growth rate (indicating a body mass loss in gammarids) was induced by waterborne exposure, which cannot be explained by a loss in neutral lipid fatty and amino acids. These energy reserves were increased indicating a disruption of the energy metabolism in G. fossarum caused by AZO. Contrary to the first bioassay, no waterborne AZO effects were observed during a second experiment with 15 µg AZO/L. However, an altered energy processing was determined in gammarids fed with leaves microbially colonized in the presence of AZO, which was probably caused by fungicide-induced effects on the microbial decomposition efficiency ultimately resulting in a lower food quality. The results of the present study show that diet-related strobilurin effects can occur at concentrations below those inducing waterborne toxicity. However, the latter seems to be more relevant at higher fungicide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany.
| | - J P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - P Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - P Fink
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Köln D-50674, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology and Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstrasse 3a, Magdeburg 39114 D, Germany
| | - K G J Kenngott
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - D Englert
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - N Röder
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - C Ogbeide
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, Uppsala SWE-75007, Sweden.
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30
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Li M, Yang T, Gao L, Xu H. An inadvertent issue of human retina exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: A safety assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128484. [PMID: 33022499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a group of chemical compounds that present a considerable public health problem due to their pervasiveness and associations with chronic diseases. EDCs can interrupt the endocrine system and interfere with hormone homeostasis, leading to abnormalities in human physiology. Much attention has been focused on the adverse effects EDCs have on the reproductive system, neurogenesis, neuroendocrine system, and thyroid dysfunction. The eye is usually directly exposed to the surrounding environment; however, the influences of EDCs on the eye have received comparatively little attention. Ocular diseases, such as ocular surface diseases and retinal diseases, have been implicated in hormone deficiency or excess. Epidemiologic studies have shown that EDC exposure not only causes ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye, but also associates with visual deficits and retinopathy. EDCs can pass through the human blood-retinal barrier and enter the neural retina, and can then accumulate in the retina. The retina is an embryologic extension of the central nervous system, and is extremely sensitive and vulnerable to EDCs that could be passed across the placenta during critical periods of retinal development. Subtle alterations in the retinal development process usually result in profound immediate, long-term, and delayed effects late in life. This review, based on extensive literature survey, briefly summarizes the current knowledge about the impact of representative manufactured EDCs on retinal toxicity, including retinal structure alterations and dysfunction. We also highlight the potential mechanism of action of EDCs on the retina, and the predictive retinal models of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cold Environmental Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Adipose Tissue and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Does Sex Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249403. [PMID: 33333918 PMCID: PMC7765367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic-related diseases, among which diabetes, are prominent public health challenges of the 21st century. It is now well acknowledged that pollutants are a part of the equation, especially endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that interfere with the hormonal aspect. The aim of the review is to focus on adipose tissue, a central regulator of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis, and to highlight the significant differences in the endocrine and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue between males and females which likely underlie the differences of the response to exposure to EDCs between the sexes. Moreover, the study also presents an overview of several mechanisms of action by which pollutants could cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Indeed, a better understanding of the mechanism by which environmental chemicals target adipose tissue and cause metabolic disturbances, and how these mechanisms interact and sex specificities are essential for developing mitigating and sex-specific strategies against metabolic diseases of chemical origin. In particular, considering that a scenario without pollutant exposure is not a realistic option in our current societies, attenuating the deleterious effects of exposure to pollutants by acting on the gut-adipose tissue axis may constitute a new direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; ; Tel.: +33-(0)-426235919; Fax: +33-(0)-426235916
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Hopital Lyon-Sud, Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Lu X, Fraszczyk E, van der Meer TP, van Faassen M, Bloks VW, Kema IP, van Beek AP, Li S, Franke L, Westra HJ, Xu X, Huo X, Snieder H, Wolffenbuttel BHR, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV. An epigenome-wide association study identifies multiple DNA methylation markers of exposure to endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106016. [PMID: 32916427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play an important role in the epidemic of metabolic diseases. Epigenetic alterations may functionally link EDCs with gene expression and metabolic traits. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate metabolic-related effects of the exposure to endocrine disruptors including five parabens, three bisphenols, and 13 metabolites of nine phthalates as measured in 24-hour urine on epigenome-wide DNA methylation. METHODS A blood-based epigenome-wide association study was performed in 622 participants from the Lifelines DEEP cohort using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 methylation data and EDC excretions in 24-hour urine. Out of the 21 EDCs, 13 compounds were detected in >75% of the samples and, together with bisphenol F, were included in these analyses. Furthermore, we explored the putative function of identified methylation markers and their correlations with metabolic traits. RESULTS We found 20 differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanines (CpGs) associated with 10 EDCs at suggestive p-value < 1 × 10-6, of which four, associated with MEHP and MEHHP, were genome-wide significant (Bonferroni-corrected p-value < 1.19 × 10-7). Nine out of 20 CpGs were significantly associated with at least one of the tested metabolic traits, such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, and/or blood pressure. 18 out of 20 EDC-associated CpGs were annotated to genes functionally related to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and glycemic traits. CONCLUSIONS The identified DNA methylation markers for exposure to the most common EDCs provide suggestive mechanism underlying the contributions of EDCs to metabolic health. Follow-up studies are needed to unravel the causality of EDC-induced methylation changes in metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Eliza Fraszczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas P van der Meer
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443 Guangdong, China
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Centre, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Küblbeck J, Niskanen J, Honkakoski P. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR. Cells 2020; 9:E2306. [PMID: 33076503 PMCID: PMC7602645 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) has emerged as a master activator of drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that govern the clearance of both exogenous and endogenous small molecules. Recent studies indicate that CAR participates, together with other nuclear receptors (NRs) and transcription factors, in regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatocyte communication, proliferation and toxicity, and liver tumor development in rodents. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a wide range of persistent organic compounds that have been associated with aberrations of hormone-dependent physiological processes. Their adverse health effects include metabolic alterations such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease in animal models and humans exposed to EDCs. As numerous xenobiotics can activate CAR, its role in EDC-elicited adverse metabolic effects has gained much interest. Here, we review the key features and mechanisms of CAR as a xenobiotic-sensing receptor, species differences and selectivity of CAR ligands, contribution of CAR to regulation hepatic metabolism, and evidence for CAR-dependent EDC action therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Küblbeck
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jonna Niskanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7569, USA
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Deshmukh H, Aylward LL, Rose M, Fernandes A, Sedman P, Thatcher NJ, Atkin SL, Sathyapalan T. Association of endocrine active environmental compounds with body mass index and weight loss following bariatric surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:280-287. [PMID: 32436601 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to study associations of a wide range of halogenated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and diphenylethers with body mass index (BMI) and evaluate changes in their concentration following bariatric surgery. METHODS Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and liver tissue samples were collected from 106 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for weight loss or patients who were undergoing abdominal surgery for nonbariatric reasons. We measured concentrations of an extensive panel of chlorinated and brominated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans, and brominated diphenylethers in the samples. We conducted linear regression to examine associations with BMI, adjusting for age and gender. Changes in concentration for indicator chemicals were evaluated in samples collected following bariatric surgery in a small subpopulation. RESULTS After adjustments for age and gender and correction for multiple testing, seven ortho-chlorinated biphenyls, one nonortho-chlorinated biphenyl, four PCDD/Fs and one ortho-brominated biphenyl were associated with BMI. The strongest associations between BMI and lipid-adjusted concentrations were seen with PCB-105 in subcutaneous fat (beta = 16.838 P-val = 1.45E-06) PCB-126 in visceral fat (beta = 15.067 P-val = 7.72E-06) and PCB-118 (beta = 14.101 P-val = 2.66E-05) in liver. The concentrations of sum PCBs, chlorinated toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ's) and brominated compounds increased significantly with weight loss in subcutaneous fat in a group of ten individuals resampled up to five years after bariatric surgery and substantial weight loss. CONCLUSION We show that selected polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and structurally related polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were associated with BMI. Concentrations of these lipophilic compounds in subcutaneous fat increased following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alwyn Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter Sedman
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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The EDCMET Project: Metabolic Effects of Endocrine Disruptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083021. [PMID: 32344727 PMCID: PMC7215524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as chemicals that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the body's endocrine systems and have been associated with a diverse array of health issues. The concept of endocrine disruption has recently been extended to metabolic alterations that may result in diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease, and constitute an increasing health concern worldwide. However, while epidemiological and experimental data on the close association of EDs and adverse metabolic effects are mounting, predictive methods and models to evaluate the detailed mechanisms and pathways behind these observed effects are lacking, thus restricting the regulatory risk assessment of EDs. The EDCMET (Metabolic effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: novel testing METhods and adverse outcome pathways) project brings together systems toxicologists; experimental biologists with a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic disease and comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methodological skills; and, ultimately, epidemiologists linking environmental exposure to adverse metabolic outcomes. During its 5-year journey, EDCMET aims to identify novel ED mechanisms of action, to generate (pre)validated test methods to assess the metabolic effects of Eds, and to predict emergent adverse biological phenotypes by following the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) paradigm.
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Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. S100 proteins in obesity: liaisons dangereuses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:129-147. [PMID: 31363816 PMCID: PMC11104817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an endemic pathophysiological condition and a comorbidity associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The adipose tissue of obese subjects shows hypertrophic adipocytes, adipocyte hyperplasia, and chronic low-grade inflammation. S100 proteins are Ca2+-binding proteins exclusively expressed in vertebrates in a cell-specific manner. They have been implicated in the regulation of a variety of functions acting as intracellular Ca2+ sensors transducing the Ca2+ signal and extracellular factors affecting cellular activity via ligation of a battery of membrane receptors. Certain S100 proteins, namely S100A4, the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer and S100B, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-promoting macrophage-based inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation end-products ligation. Also, serum levels of S100A4, S100A8/S100A9, S100A12, and S100B correlate with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, metabolic risk score, and fat cell size. Yet, secreted S100B appears to exert neurotrophic effects on sympathetic fibers in brown adipose tissue contributing to the larger sympathetic innervation of this latter relative to white adipose tissue. In the present review we first briefly introduce S100 proteins and then critically examine their role(s) in adipose tissue and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Finch CE, Kulminski AM. The Alzheimer's Disease Exposome. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1123-1132. [PMID: 31519494 PMCID: PMC6788638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental factors are poorly understood in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. The importance of environmental factors in gene environment interactions (GxE) is suggested by wide individual differences in cognitive loss, even for carriers of AD-risk genetic variants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We propose the "AD exposome" to comprehensively assess the modifiable environmental factors relevant to genetic underpinnings of cognitive aging and AD. Analysis of endogenous and exogenous environmental factors requires multi-generational consideration of these interactions over age and time (GxExT). New computational approaches to the multi-level complexities may identify accessible interventions for individual brain aging. International collaborations on diverse populations are needed to identify the most relevant exposures over the life course for GxE interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Zhan J, Liang Y, Liu D, Ma X, Li P, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Wang P. Pectin reduces environmental pollutant-induced obesity in mice through regulating gut microbiota: A case study of p,p'-DDE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104861. [PMID: 31195221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity has raised global concerns. Environmental pollutants are one of the main causes of obesity. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber could reduce obesity induced by high-fat diets, but whether environmental pollutant-induced obesity can be reversed is still unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectin on obesity induced by a typical environmental pollutant p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and explore the underlying mechanism by which pectin reversed p,p'-DDE-induced obesity. METHODS p,p'-DDE was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and pectin was supplied during and after cessation of p,p'-DDE exposure. Body and fat weight gain, plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance of mice were assessed. Gut microbiota composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the receptor proteins and hormones in the SCFAs-related signaling pathway were analyzed. Moreover, p,p'-DDE levels in various tissues of mice were detected. RESULTS Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in p,p'-DDE-exposed mice. Furthermore, pectin apparently altered the p,p'-DDE-induced microbial composition and then promoted the levels of SCFAs in colonic feces as well as the expression of G-protein coupled receptors and the concentration of hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Pectin treatment also significantly reduced p,p'-DDE accumulation in mice tissues during p,p'-DDE exposure but did not change p,p'-DDE metabolism after termination of p,p'-DDE exposure. CONCLUSIONS Pectin had a good effect on reducing p,p'-DDE-induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of environmental pollutant-caused health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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