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Duru CI, Kang DH, Sherchan SP. The trends of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) in drinking water systems in Maryland, United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 957:177152. [PMID: 39486543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a major concern in water quality management because of their persistence in the environment and associated health risks. In Maryland, the diverse water resources and densely populated areas, faces unique challenges culminating from PFAS contamination. This research paper presents a comprehensive overview of PFAS contamination trends in Maryland's drinking water systems across four distinct phases, spanning from 2019 to 2022, it highlights the trends of PFAS contamination, environmental and public health risks, and strategies for effective management. Utilizing data from extensive monitoring efforts conducted in the state, the study reveals a persistent and evolving environmental health challenge characterized by the dominance of different PFAS compounds, particularly PFOS and PFOA, found at concerning concentrations. Mean concentrations of total PFOA/PFOS across the sampling periods were at 18.78 ng/L, 7.28 ng/L, 14.60 ng/L, 12.46 ng/L, significantly surpassing the EPA's 2024 maximum contaminant levels of 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS. Despite fluctuations observed across sampling phases, PFAS levels consistently surpass EPA health advisory levels, indicating widespread contamination. Potential sources, such as industrial sites and wastewater treatment plants, underscore the need for robust regulatory enforcement and innovative remediation strategies to safeguard public health. The findings emphasize the necessity for continuous monitoring and multi-faceted mitigation approaches to address PFAS contamination effectively, ensuring the safety of Maryland's water resources and the health of its residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichedo I Duru
- Center of Research Excellence in Wastewater based epidemiology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Dong Hee Kang
- Center of Research Excellence in Wastewater based epidemiology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Center of Research Excellence in Wastewater based epidemiology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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Chang MC, Chung SM, Kwak SG. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of stroke in adults: a meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:791-800. [PMID: 37656598 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence of the adverse metabolic health effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is increasing. However, the impact of PFAS on cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of PFAS on the stroke risk. CONTENT Databases were searched for studies published up to November 1, 2022, which report the association between stroke and exposure to at least one of four main PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS], perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA], and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS]). Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Four studies were included in this systematic review. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for incident stroke per 1-log unit increment in each serum PFAS were combined in the meta-analysis. The risk of development of stroke was not significantly associated with PFOA, PFOS, or PFNA exposure (PFOA: pooled odds ratio [OR]=1.001, 95 % confidence interval [CI]=0.975-1.028, p=0.934; PFOS: pooled OR=0.994, 95 % CI=0.972-1.017, p=0.601; PFNA: pooled OR=1.016, 95 % CI=0.920-1.123, p=0.752), whereas a moderately lower risk was associated with PFHxS exposure without statistical significance (pooled OR=0.953, 95 % CI=0.908-1.001, p=0.054). PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA exposure showed a neutral association, while PFHxS showed a possible inverse association with the risk of stroke. Therefore, this finding should be interpreted with caution. Further prospective observational studies with PFAS mixture analyses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sun L, He S, Chen J, Su A, Mao Q, Zhang W, Pan Y, Hu J, Feng D, Ouyang Y. Hepatic injury and metabolic perturbations in mice exposed to perfluorodecanoic acid revealed by metabolomics and lipidomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 289:117475. [PMID: 39662454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a typical perfluoroalkyl substances frequently encountered in populations, posing significant risks to human health. However, research on the effects of PFDA exposure on organism metabolism and related pathogenic mechanisms is severely lacking. In this study, serum and liver samples of C57BL/6 J mice exposed to different doses of PFDA were analyzed by UPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics and lipidomics techniques. Both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg PFDA exposure induced liver damage, while only 10 mg/kg PFDA exposure caused weight loss. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 330 and 515 metabolites were significantly altered in the serum and liver of mice after PFDA exposure, respectively. Most amino acids and peptides increased in the serum but decreased in the liver. Lipidomics analysis indicated that 281 and 408 lipids experienced significant alterations in the serum and liver after PFDA exposure, respectively. Most lipids, particularly multiple triacylglycerols, were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner in both serum and liver. Taken together, PFDA can induce changes in the amino acid metabolism pathway, disrupt fatty acid β-oxidation, and down-regulate glycolipid pathways in mice, resulting in disturbances in energy metabolism. These findings suggested that the liver is a critical target organ for PFDA exposure, and will also help inform future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyun Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuling He
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Amei Su
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiuyao Mao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiaqian Hu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Disheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Zhu L, Liu B, Hu Y, Wang M, Furtado JD, Rimm EB, Grandjean P, Sun Q. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, apolipoproteins and the risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women. Environ Health 2024; 23:108. [PMID: 39627728 PMCID: PMC11613683 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence for associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with blood lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo), and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is limited and inconsistent. This study aims to explore associations between plasma PFASs, blood lipoprotein subspecies defined by apolipoproteins, and CHD risk. METHODS A case-control study of CHD was conducted in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) and Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Among participants initially free of cardiovascular disease at blood collection in 1994 (HPFS) or 1990 (NHS), 101 participants who developed non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD were identified and confirmed. A healthy control was matched to each case for age, smoking status, and date of blood draw. Plasma levels of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), total perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), branched PFOS (brPFOS), linear PFOS (nPFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were measured. Conditional logistic regression and cubic spline regression models were used to examine associations between baseline PFASs and CHD risk. Linear regression models were applied to study PFAS associations with lipids and their subfractions. RESULTS After multivariate adjustments, total PFOS, brPFOS and nPFOS were significantly associated with increased risk of developing CHD, and HRs (95% CIs) per log(ng/mL) increment of PFASs were 3.66 (1.36-9.89), 3.68 (1.55-8.76), and 3.01 (1.16-7.86), respectively. Significant positive dose-response relationships were identified for these PFASs (Plinearity = 0.01, 0.002, 0.02, respectively). Other PFASs were not associated with CHD risk. PFNA and PFDA were positively associated with total apoE levels among HDL particles with or without apoC-III. No associations were observed for other PFASs with blood lipid subspecies. Blood lipid subfractions did not explain the association between PFOS and CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PFOS and its isomers were positively associated with CHD risk. These findings suggest that PFOS exposure causes public health risks that are greater than hitherto believed.
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Grants
- HL035464, HL060712 NHLBI NIH HHS
- DK119268, DK126698, DK120870, DK129670 NIDDK NIH HHS
- ES022981, ES036206 NIEHS NIH HHS
- ES027706 NIEHS NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002541 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01CA167552, R01HL35464, UM1 CA186107, R01 HL034594 and R01 CA49449 NIH HHS
- R01 ES036206 NIEHS NIH HHS
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- NIH
- Harvard Catalyst
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Karakuş F, Kuzu B. Predicting the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: an In Silico network toxicology perspective. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae206. [PMID: 39677493 PMCID: PMC11645662 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are human-made chemicals that accumulate in the human body and the environment over time. Humans are primarily exposed to PFAS through drinking water, food, consumer products, and dust. These exposures can have many adverse health effects, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and factors contributing to CVDs. This study identified the molecular mechanisms of CVDs caused by PFAS. METHODS For this purpose, various computational tools, such as the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database, ShinyGO, ChEA3, MIENTURNET, GeneMANIA, STRING, and Cytoscape, were used to conduct in silico analyses. RESULTS The results showed that 10 genes were common between PFAS and CVDs, and among these common genes, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolic processes, and lipid binding were the most significantly associated gene ontology terms. Among the top 10 transcription factors (TFs) related to these common genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and androgen receptor were the most prominent. Additionally, hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-130a-3p, and hsa-miR-129-5p were featured microRNAs involved in PFAS-induced CVDs. Finally, PPARA and PPARG were identified as core genes involved in PFAS-induced CVDs. CONCLUSION These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and reveal new potential targets in PFAS-induced CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Karakuş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Tuşba-Van, Türkiye
| | - Burak Kuzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Tuşba-Van, Türkiye
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Wei Z, Wei K, Yang M, Ying M, Yin Z, Wang N, Zhang L. Kidney function mediates the effects of four per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 288:117395. [PMID: 39608156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PFAS pose a significant threat to cardiovascular health and increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, there is limited research evidence regarding the mechanisms by which PFAS affect the risk of ASCVD and the exposure-risk (E-R) relationship. The effect of kidney function in the relationship between PFAS and ASCVD risk has not been adequately validated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the mechanisms by which four PFAS (Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHS), and Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) affect the risk of ASCVD and to verify and discuss the mediating effect of kidney function in this impact. METHODS This study utilizes data from 14,607 participants in the NHANES 2005-2018 to conduct a cross-sectional study. Initially, Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Restricted Cubic Splines models are used to assess the impact of four PFAS on ASCVD risk and the E-R relationship. Subsequently, the Weighted Quantile Sum regression (WQS) model is used to evaluate the relationship between mixed four PFAS exposure and ASCVD risk. Finally, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) and causal mediation models are used to confirm and analyze whether the decline in kidney function mediates the impact of four PFAS on ASCVD risk. RESULTS The results from GLM and WQS models indicate that both singular and mixed four PFAS exposures are associated with an increased risk of ASCVD. The E-R curves between four PFAS singular and mixed exposures and ASCVD risk are all characterized by nonlinearity. The results from DAG and causal mediation models clearly indicate that the decline in kidney function plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between four PFAS and ASCVD risk. CONCLUSION Exposure levels of four PFAS do not significantly increase the risk of ASCVD unless they reach a certain threshold, and the decline in kidney function exerts a significant mediating effect in the relationship between four PFAS exposure and ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Wei
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Keke Wei
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Ming Ying
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Ziyue Yin
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
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7
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Hall AM, Ashley-Martin J, Lei Liang C, Papandonatos GD, Arbuckle TE, Borghese MM, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Dodds L, Fisher M, Lanphear BP, Fk Rawn D, Yolton K, Braun JM. Personal care product use and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant and lactating people in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 193:109094. [PMID: 39476594 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous chemicals routinely detected in personal care products (PCPs). However, few studies have evaluated the impact of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in pregnant and lactating populations. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between PCP use and PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma and human milk. METHODS We leveraged the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study to evaluate the contribution of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma (6 to 13 weeks' gestation; n = 1,940) and human-milk (2 to 10 weeks' postpartum; n = 664). Participants reported frequency of use across 8 PCP categories during the 1st and 3rd trimesters, 1 to 2 days postpartum, and 2 to 10 weeks' postpartum. We used adjusted linear regression models to quantify percent differences and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS In 1st trimester pregnant people, we found higher use of nailcare products (≥once a week vs. never: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): 21 % [9.7 %, 32 %]; perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS): 11 % [0.3 %, 23 %]), fragrances (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [7.8 %, 21 %]; PFOS: 7.8 % [1.3 %, 15 %]), makeup (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [5.8 %, 23 %]), hair dyes (never vs. 1-2 times during pregnancy: PFOA: 8.3 % [2.4 %, 15 %]), and hair sprays or gels (daily vs. never: PFOA: 12 % [5.0 %, 19 %], PFOS: 7.1 % [0.2 %, 15 %]) were associated with higher plasma PFAS concentrations. Similar results were observed for 3rd trimester PCP use and 2 to 10 weeks' postpartum human-milk PFAS concentrations. In addition, we also found that people using colored-permanent dye 1 to 2 days postpartum had higher Sm-PFOS (18 % [2.7 %, 35 %]), PFOA (16 % [4.3 %, 29 %]), and perfluorononanoic acid (17 % [3.6 %, 33 %]) postpartum human-milk concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PCP use may be a modifiable source of PFAS exposure in pregnant and lactating populations. These results along with growing scientific evidence can help inform PFAS regulation and guide individual choices to reduce PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Linda Dodds
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Dorothea Fk Rawn
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Research Centre, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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V M Starling MC, Rodrigues DAS, Miranda GA, Jo S, Amorim CC, Ankley GT, Simcik M. Occurrence and potential ecological risks of PFAS in Pampulha Lake, Brazil, a UNESCO world heritage site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174586. [PMID: 38997014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise >4000 synthetic substances used in industrial applications and consumer products. PFAS used daily in households and manufacturing plants end up in domestic sewage, and industrial effluents can be discharged to surface water. Urban watersheds located in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), which lack sanitation infrastructure, are potential recipients of waste containing PFAS. Yet, only a few studies report PFAS occurrence in urban reservoirs and lakes, especially those located in the Global South due to resource limitations. This is the first study aimed to assess PFAS occurrence and ecological risks in Pampulha Lake, Brazil, a site which represents the reality of many other urban watersheds in LMIC as it is surrounded by densely populated areas and manufacturing plants. Surface water samples were collected monthly for 1 year from four sampling points at Pampulha Lake. Sample analysis was based on US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1633, which employs solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were built to identify potentially susceptible species based on detected water concentrations. Bioaccumulation was estimated for fish tissue. Short-chain (perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, PFBS and perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHxA) and long-chain PFAS (perfluorodecanoic acid, PFDA; perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA; perfluorododecanoic acid, PFDoA; and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOS) were detected at the μg L-1 range. Total PFAS concentrations in the wet season were generally higher than in the dry season, likely due to limited capacity of the treatment plant processing water from tributaries which receive raw sewage. More than 5 % of aquatic species are potentially susceptible to chronic effects of PFOS at detected concentrations (0.2-2.2 μg L-1). Predicted bioaccumulation of PFOS in fish was above advisory diet intake levels for humans. Results emphasize the need for studies related to PFAS occurrence in watersheds located in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniel A S Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Suna Jo
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Escola de Engenharia, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Matt Simcik
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Begum S, Prince N, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chen Y, Soeteman DI, Fangal V, Huang M, Wheelock C, Mendez K, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su J, Kelly RS. Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes following low-level exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the vitamin D antenatal asthma reduction trial. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. ADVANCES 2024; 3:1426-1437. [PMID: 39156222 PMCID: PMC11328948 DOI: 10.1039/d4va00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic, highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds, commonly utilised in a wide variety of consumer products with diverse applications. Since the genesis of these compounds, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. In a racially diverse cohort of 459 pregnant mothers, demographically weighted towards minority representation (black 44.4%, white 38.4%, other 17.2%), across three major populous cities of the US, PFAS profiling was performed. Nine distinct PFAS species were quantified using mass spectrometry in plasma samples collected during the third trimester. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to interrogate the associations of PFAS with gestational and birth outcomes: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, low birth weight, birth weight-, birth length- and head circumference-for-gestational-age. Detectable levels for eight out of nine profiled PFAS species were found in the plasma of pregnant mothers with a median range of 0.1-2.70 ng ml-1. Using a mixtures approach, we observe that increased quantile-based g-computation (Qg-comp) "total" PFAS levels were associated with increased newborn birth-weight-for-gestational-age (β 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.52; FDR p 0.006). In study centre-stratified analyses, we observed a similar trend in Boston pregnant mothers, with Qg-comp total PFAS associated with higher newborn birth-weight-for-gestational-age (β 1.39; 95% CI 1.01-1.92, FDR p 0.05). We additionally found elevated PFUA concentrations were associated with longer gestational terms in San Diego pregnant mothers (β 0.60; 95% CI 0.18-1.02, FDR p 0.05). In this multi-city study, we detected lower levels of PFAS than in many previous US environmental studies, concordant with current US trends indicating environmental PFAS levels are falling, and we note geographical variation in the associations between PFAS levels and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofina Begum
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London London UK
| | - Nicole Prince
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Yulu Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Djøra I Soeteman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Vrushali Fangal
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Craig Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kevin Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA +1 (617) 525-0065
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10
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van Larebeke N, Colles A, Leermakers M, Den Hond E, Voorspoels S, Goderis L, Schoeters G. Organic food and internal exposure to pollutants among Flemish adolescents. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:1315-1336. [PMID: 39196262 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2386143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Contrary to the initial hypothesis, Flemish adolescents who reported consuming organic food at least 7.5 times per week did not exhibit reduced internal exposure to the tested recently used pesticides. After adjustment for gender, age, country of origin, socioeconomic status, body mass index, consumption of high-fat foods and foods linked to organic food consumption, and concerning organochlorine derivatives and lead, additional adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding expressed in weeks, they displayed slightly elevated internal exposure to organochlorine derivatives, lead, methyl arsenate, and toxic relevant arsenic. A comparison was also made between the correlation of internal exposure to pollutants with the frequency of organic food consumption on one hand and the total consumption of equivalent products from all sources on the other. Regarding potatoes, vegetables, and fruits, no clear trends were observed. Regarding eggs, there was a trend towards higher internal exposures with organic food consumption, significant for trans-nonachlor, PCB118, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and marginally significant for glyphosate. For dairy, there was a trend towards higher internal exposures with organic food consumption, significant for perfluorononanoic acid and marginally significant for PCB153. Regarding nuts and seeds, the higher internal exposure to dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the lower exposure to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were marginally significant, while there was also a trend towards higher internal exposure to other pollutants with organic food consumption, significant for PCB118, PCB153, and sum PCBs, and marginally significant for trans-nonachlor. Concerning breakfast cereals and muesli, no clear trends were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas van Larebeke
- Archeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Colles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Archeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Voorspoels
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Lode Goderis
- Department Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Scimeca M, Palumbo V, Giacobbi E, Servadei F, Casciardi S, Cornella E, Cerbara F, Rotondaro G, Seghetti C, Scioli MP, Montanaro M, Barillà F, Sisto R, Melino G, Mauriello A, Bonfiglio R. Impact of the environmental pollution on cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiological to molecular evidence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38047. [PMID: 39328571 PMCID: PMC11425171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly concerning its impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review synthesizes epidemiological and molecular evidence to elucidate the intricate relationship between environmental pollutants and CVDs. Epidemiological studies highlight the association between exposure to air, water, and soil pollutants and increased CVD risk, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Furthermore, molecular investigations unravel the underlying mechanisms linking pollutant exposure to CVD pathogenesis, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic imbalance. Understanding these molecular pathways is crucial for developing targeted interventions and policy strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollution on cardiovascular health. By integrating epidemiological and molecular evidence, this review provides insights into the complex interplay between environmental factors and CVDs, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive preventive measures and environmental policies to safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Palumbo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Giacobbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Servadei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, 00078, Italy
| | - Elena Cornella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Cerbara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rotondaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Seghetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Scioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, 00078, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy
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12
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Mao Z, Chen Y, Li H, Lu Q, Zhou K. TLR4 as a Potential Target of Me-PFOSA-AcOH Leading to Cardiovascular Diseases: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2018 and Molecular Docking. TOXICS 2024; 12:693. [PMID: 39453113 PMCID: PMC11511422 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but clear evidence linking PFAS exposure to CVD is lacking, and the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To study the association between PFASs and CVD in U.S. population, and to reveal the mechanism of PFASs' effects on CVD. METHODS To assess the relationships between individual blood serum PFAS levels and the risk of total CVD or its subtypes, multivariable logistic regression analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were conducted on all participants or subgroups among 3391 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The SuperPred and GeneCards databases were utilized to identify potential targets related to PFAS and CVD, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of intersection genes were performed using Metascape. Protein interaction networks were generated, and core targets were identified with STRING. Molecular docking was achieved using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. RESULTS There was a positive association between Me-PFOSA-AcOH and CVD (OR = 1.28, p = 0.022), especially coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.47, p = 0.007) and heart attack (OR = 1.58, p < 0.001) after adjusting for all potential covariates. Me-PFOSA-AcOH contributed the most to distinguishing between individuals in terms of CVD and non-CVD. Significant moderating effects for Me-PFOSA-AcOH were observed in the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, ethnicity, education level, PIR, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and hypertension (p < 0.05). The potential intersection targets were mainly enriched in CVD-related pathways, including the inflammatory response, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolism. TLR4 was identified as the core target for the effects of Me-PFOSA-AcOH on CVD. Molecular docking results revealed that the binding energy of Me-PFOSA-AcOH to the TLR4-MD-2 complex was -7.2 kcal/mol, suggesting that Me-PFOSA-AcOH binds well to the TLR4-MD-2 complex. CONCLUSIONS Me-PFOSA-AcOH exposure was significantly associated with CVD. Network toxicology and molecular docking uncovered novel molecular targets, such as TLR4, and identified the inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms underlying Me-PFOSA-AcOH-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China; (Z.M.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haixin Li
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China; (Z.M.); (H.L.)
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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13
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Münzel T, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Aschner M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Landrigan PJ, Daiber A. Soil and water pollution and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01068-0. [PMID: 39317838 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Healthy, uncontaminated soils and clean water support all life on Earth and are essential for human health. Chemical pollution of soil, water, air and food is a major environmental threat, leading to an estimated 9 million premature deaths worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease study estimated that pollution was responsible for 5.5 million deaths related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 2019. Robust evidence has linked multiple pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, dioxins and toxic synthetic chemicals, with increased risk of CVD, and some reports suggest an association between microplastic and nanoplastic particles and CVD. Pollutants in soil diminish its capacity to produce food, leading to crop impurities, malnutrition and disease, and they can seep into rivers, worsening water pollution. Deforestation, wildfires and climate change exacerbate pollution by triggering soil erosion and releasing sequestered pollutants into the air and water. Despite their varied chemical makeup, pollutants induce CVD through common pathophysiological mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation. In this Review, we provide an overview of the relationship between soil and water pollution and human health and pathology, and discuss the prevalence of soil and water pollutants and how they contribute to adverse health effects, focusing on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Philip J Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Wu J, Zhang X, Wang Q, Ma N, Zheng F, Chen K, Niu W. Perfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study using data from the US national health and nutrition examination survey. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36894. [PMID: 39281531 PMCID: PMC11401229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies linking metabolic syndrome (MetS) and exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are limited, and the observations gleaned thus far are inconclusive. The study was performed to explore the association of serum PFASs both singly and in a mixed manner with MetS, and meanwhile to examine whether this association was mediated by serum albumin in a US national population. Methods Total 8108 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018 were included. Four PFASs - including perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), were selected. Weighted quantile sum regression was used to evaluate mixed PFAS exposure and MetS. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Mediating analyses were used to evaluate the mediating effects of albumin. Results Comparing the highest with lowest quartile yielded a multivariable-adjusted OR (95 % CI) of 1.40 (1.14-1.72) for PFHxS, 1.36 (1.09-1.70) for PFNA, 1.26 (1.00-1.58) for PFOA, and 1.50 (1.19-1.88) for PFOS when associating MetS. Per unit increment in ln-transformed PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS concentrations was significantly associated with 16 %, 17 %, 13 %, and 15 % increased risk of MetS, respectively. When stratified by sex, the significant association between four PFASs and MetS was only noted in females. Mixed PFAS exposure was inversely associated with MetS, and 8.1 % of this association was mediated by serum albumin (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate a significant and independent association of serum PFASs with MetS, and importantly this association was dose-dependent, sex-specific, and possibly mediated by serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangjieyi Zheng
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Kening Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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15
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Senga SS, Bisson WH, Colacci A. Key characteristics of carcinogens meet hallmarks for prevention-cutting the Gordian knot. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1420687. [PMID: 39435286 PMCID: PMC11491790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1420687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity of cancer requires a comprehensive approach to understand its diverse manifestations and underlying mechanisms. Initially outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and updated in 2010, the hallmarks of cancer provide a conceptual basis for understanding inherent variability in cancer biology. Recent expansions have further elucidated additional hallmarks, including phenotypic plasticity and senescent cells. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has identified the key characteristics of carcinogens (KCCs) to evaluate their carcinogenic potential. We analyzed chemicals of concern for environmental exposure that interact with specific receptors to induce genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, immune suppression, and receptor-mediated effects, thereby contributing to chronic inflammation. Despite their varying degrees of carcinogenicity, these chemicals have similar KCC profiles. Our analysis highlights the pivotal role of receptor binding in activating most other KCCs, underscoring their significance in cancer initiation. Although KCCs are associated with early molecular or cellular events, they do not encompass processes directly linked to full cellular malignancy. Thus, there is a need to integrate clear endpoints that anchor KCCs to the acquisition of a complete malignant phenotype into chemical testing. From the perspective of toxicology and cancer research, an all-encompassing strategy that incorporates both existing and novel KCCs and cancer hallmarks is essential to enable the targeted identification of prevalent carcinogens and facilitate zone-specific prevention strategies. To achieve this goal, collaboration between the KCC and cancer hallmarks communities becomes essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi S. Senga
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William H. Bisson
- Integrative Toxicology and Cancer Prevention, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna (Arpae), Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Ford LC, Lin HC, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Gombar VK, Sedykh A, Shah RR, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Characterizing PFAS hazards and risks: a human population-based in vitro cardiotoxicity assessment strategy. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:92. [PMID: 39218963 PMCID: PMC11368000 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants of concern because of their wide use, persistence, and potential to be hazardous to both humans and the environment. Several PFAS have been designated as substances of concern; however, most PFAS in commerce lack toxicology and exposure data to evaluate their potential hazards and risks. Cardiotoxicity has been identified as a likely human health concern, and cell-based assays are the most sensible approach for screening and prioritization of PFAS. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a widely used method to test for cardiotoxicity, and recent studies showed that many PFAS affect these cells. Because iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are available from different donors, they also can be used to quantify human variability in responses to PFAS. The primary objective of this study was to characterize potential human cardiotoxic hazard, risk, and inter-individual variability in responses to PFAS. A total of 56 PFAS from different subclasses were tested in concentration-response using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 16 donors without known heart disease. Kinetic calcium flux and high-content imaging were used to evaluate biologically-relevant phenotypes such as beat frequency, repolarization, and cytotoxicity. Of the tested PFAS, 46 showed concentration-response effects in at least one phenotype and donor; however, a wide range of sensitivities were observed across donors. Inter-individual variability in the effects could be quantified for 19 PFAS, and risk characterization could be performed for 20 PFAS based on available exposure information. For most tested PFAS, toxicodynamic variability was within a factor of 10 and the margins of exposure were above 100. This study identified PFAS that may pose cardiotoxicity risk and have high inter-individual variability. It also demonstrated the feasibility of using a population-based human in vitro method to quantify population variability and identify cardiotoxicity risks of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie C Ford
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, TAMU 4466, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Hsing-Chieh Lin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, TAMU 4466, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences and Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | | | | | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, TAMU 4466, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, TAMU 4466, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
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17
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Tiburtini GA, Bertarini L, Bersani M, Dragani TA, Rolando B, Binello A, Barge A, Spyrakis F. In silico prediction of the interaction of legacy and novel per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with selected human transporters and of their possible accumulation in the human body. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3035-3047. [PMID: 38884658 PMCID: PMC11324760 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds constitute a wide group of fluorocarbon chemicals with widespread industrial applications, ranging from non-stick coating in cookware to water surfactants, from fire-fighting foams to water-repellent coatings on textiles. Presently, over 12,000 PFAS are known worldwide. In recent years, extensive research has focused on investigating the biological effects of these molecules on various organisms, including humans. Here, we conducted in silico simulations to examine the potential binding of a representative selection of PFAS to various human proteins known to be involved in chemical transportation and accumulation processes. Specifically, we targeted human serum albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), thyroxine binding protein (TBG), fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), aiming to assess the potential for bioaccumulation. Molecular docking simulations were employed for this purpose, supplemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to account for protein flexibility, when necessary. Our findings indicate that so-called "legacy PFAS" such as PFOA or PFOS exhibit a higher propensity for interaction with the analysed human protein targets compared to newly formulated PFAS, characterised by higher branching and hydrophilicity, and possibly a higher accumulation in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Tiburtini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Bertarini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M Bersani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - B Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Binello
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Barge
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Ezeorba TPC, Okeke ES, Nwankwo CE, Emencheta SC, Enochoghene AE, Okeke VC, Ozougwu VEO. Emerging eco-friendly technologies for remediation of Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and wastewater: A pathway to environmental sustainability. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143168. [PMID: 39181463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are rampant, toxic contaminants from anthropogenic sources, called forever chemicals for their recalcitrance. Although banned in several parts of the world for public health implications, including liver, kidney, and testicular diseases, PFAS are abundant in water sources due to easy dispersion. With chemical properties resulting from strong hydrophobic bonds, they defile many physicochemical removal methods. Though adsorption processes such as granular activated carbon (GAC) are widely used, they are marred by several limitations, including cost and secondary contamination. Thus, eco-friendly methods involving a synergy of the removal principles have been preferred for ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and near-zero effect on the environment. We present novel eco-friendly methods as the solution to PFAS remediation towards environmental sustainability. Current eco-friendly methods of PFAS removal from water sources, including electrocoagulation, membrane/filtration, adsorption, and phytoremediation methods, were highlighted, although with limitations. Novel eco-friendly methods such as microbial fuel cells, photoelectrical cells, and plasma treatment offer solutions to PFAS remediation and are quite efficient in terms of cost, result, and environmental sustainability. Overall, the successful integration of eco-friendly techniques in a seamless manner ensures the desired result. We also present a balanced position on the ecosystem impact of these ecofriendly methods, noting the successes towards environmental sustainability while exposing the gaps for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chidiebele Emmanuel Nwankwo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stephen Chijioke Emencheta
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | | | - Veronica Chisom Okeke
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Vincent E O Ozougwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
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19
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Zong S, Wang L, Wang S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Sun L, Zong Y, Li X. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances is associated with impaired cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1418134. [PMID: 39267634 PMCID: PMC11390656 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1418134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and cardiovascular disease are controversial. We aimed to assess the association between serum PFAS exposure and cardiovascular health (CVH) in U.S. adults. Methods We analyzed serum PFAS concentration data of U.S. adults reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (2005-2018). We employed two weighted logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) to examine the association between each PFAS and impaired CVH (defined as moderate and low CVH). Quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analysis were used to estimate the effects of mixed exposures to PFASs on impaired CVH. Results PFAS were associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH (ORPFNA: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.80; ORPFOA: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.88; ORPFOS: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.11). PFOA and PFOS exhibited nonlinear relationships with impaired CVH. Significant interactions were observed for impaired CVH between race/ethnicity and PFHxS (p = 0.02), marital status and PFOA (p = 0.03), and both marital status and race/ethnicity with PFOS (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Analysis via WQS and Qgcomp revealed that the mixture of PFAS was positively associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH. Conclusion PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS exposure are associated with an increased risk of impaired CVH in U.S. adults. Race/ethnicity and marital status may influence CVH. Reducing PFAS exposure could alleviate the burden of disease associated with impaired CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Zong
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Endocrine Tumor Intervention, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Zong
- Department of Business Administration, Shandong Yingcai University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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20
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Porfirio K, Yadav P, Dangudubiyyam SV, Hofmann A, Mishra JS, Kumar S. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Exposure Induces Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Female Rats: Role of Ovaries. CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2024; 8:275-284. [PMID: 39035709 PMCID: PMC11259018 DOI: 10.26502/fccm.92920388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive environmental pollutants frequently detected in drinking water worldwide. Reports linking PFAS exposure to cardiovascular disease have increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, women appear to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of PFAS. However, the potential role of ovaries in the increased vulnerability of females to PFAS-related health effects remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a prominent PFAS, on the cardiovascular function in female rats with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) females. Bilateral OVX or sham surgeries were performed in 8-week-old female SD rats. Following recovery from surgeries, the rats were given drinking water containing 50 μg/mL of PFOS for 3 weeks. Control groups received PFOS-free water. PFOS exposure significantly reduced body weight but increased blood pressure similarly in both intact and OVX rats. Echocardiography analysis revealed that PFOS exposure decreased cardiac output, end-systolic volume, and end-diastolic volume in intact but not OVX rats. Vascular function studies demonstrated that PFOS equally reduced endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation responses in intact and OVX rats. The endothelium-independent contractile responses were more pronounced in both intact and OVX rats. eNOS protein levels were similarly decreased in both intact and OVX rats. In conclusion, PFOS affects cardiac function through hormone-dependent mechanisms, while vascular function is impaired independent of ovarian status, indicating an intricate interplay between PFOS exposure, ovarian status, and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Porfirio
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sri Vidya Dangudubiyyam
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alissa Hofmann
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jay S Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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21
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Monsky RJ, Li Y, Houk KN, Dichtel WR. Low-Temperature Mineralization of Fluorotelomers with Diverse Polar Head Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17150-17157. [PMID: 38870114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants linked to harmful health effects. Currently employed PFAS destruction methods are energy-intensive and often produce shorter-chain and recalcitrant partially fluorinated byproducts. We report the mineralization of five fluorotelomer compounds via a base-mediated degradation using NaOH and mild temperatures (120 °C) in a mixture of DMSO:H2O (8:1 v/v). The studied fluorotelomers have varying polar head groups-carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, alcohols, and phosphonic acids, which are the most common polar head groups used in commercial and industrial applications. The degradation intermediates and byproducts were characterized using 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Density functional theory computations at the M06-2X/6-311 + G(2d,p)-SMD-(DMSO) level were consistent with the observed intermediates and guided an overall mechanistic hypothesis. Degradation of each fluorotelomer occurs through a similar process, in which the nonfluorinated carbons and the first fluorinated carbon are cleaved from the remaining perfluoroalkyl fragment, which degrades through previously identified pathways. These findings provide important insight into PFAS degradation processes and suggest that PFAS containing at least one C-H bond within or adjacent to its fluoroalkyl chain can be degraded under these mild conditions. Many PFAS in current use as well as recalcitrant fluorinated byproducts generated from other PFAS degradation methods are candidates for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Monsky
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuli Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Li X, Shen X, Jiang W, Xi Y, Li S. Comprehensive review of emerging contaminants: Detection technologies, environmental impact, and management strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116420. [PMID: 38701654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of unregulated pollutants increasingly present in the environment. These contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and industrial chemicals, can enter the environment through various pathways and persist, accumulating in the food chain and posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This comprehensive review examines the chemical characteristics, sources, and varieties of ECs. It critically evaluates the current understanding of their environmental and health impacts, highlighting recent advancements and challenges in detection and analysis. The review also assesses existing regulations and policies, identifying shortcomings and proposing potential enhancements. ECs pose significant risks to wildlife and ecosystems by disrupting animal hormones, causing genetic alterations that diminish diversity and resilience, and altering soil nutrient dynamics and the physical environment. Furthermore, ECs present increasing risks to human health, including hormonal disruptions, antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, neurological effects, carcinogenic effects, and other long-term impacts. To address these critical issues, the review offers recommendations for future research, emphasizing areas requiring further investigation to comprehend the full implications of these contaminants. It also suggests increased funding and support for research, development of advanced detection technologies, establishment of standardized methods, adoption of precautionary regulations, enhanced public awareness and education, cross-sectoral collaboration, and integration of scientific research into policy-making. By implementing these solutions, we can improve our ability to detect, monitor, and manage ECs, reducing environmental and public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Emerging Contaminants Prevention and Control, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Emerging Contaminants Prevention and Control, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Emerging Contaminants Prevention and Control, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongkai Xi
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Emerging Contaminants Prevention and Control, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Emerging Contaminants Prevention and Control, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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23
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Pollard S, De Silva AO, Simmons DBD. Metabolic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of PFAAs and their mixtures on the proteome of the head kidney and plasma from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172389. [PMID: 38615763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PFAAs (Perfluoroalkyl acids) are a class of bioaccumulative, persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants which primarily occupy the hydrosphere and its sediments. Currently, a paucity of toxicological information exists for short chain PFAAs and complex mixtures. In order to address these knowledge gaps, we performed a 3-week, aqueous exposure of rainbow trout to 3 different concentrations of a PFAA mixture (50, 100 and 500 ng/L) modeled after the composition determined in Lake Ontario. We conducted an additional set of exposures to individual PFAAs (25 nM each of PFOS (12,500 ng/L), PFOA (10,300 ng/L), PFBS (7500 ng/L) or PFBA (5300 ng/L) to evaluate differences in biological response across PFAA congeners. Untargeted proteomics and phosphorylated metabolomics were conducted on the blood plasma and head kidney tissue to evaluate biological response. Plasma proteomic responses to the mixtures revealed several unexpected outcomes including Similar proteomic profiles and biological processes as the PFOS exposure regime while being orders of magnitude lower in concentration and an atypical dose response in terms of the number of significantly altered proteins (FDR < 0.1). Biological pathway analysis revealed the low mixture, medium mixture and PFOS to significantly alter (FDR < 0.05) a number of processes including those involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and the nervous system. We implicate plasma increases in PPARD and PPARG as being directly related to these biological processes as they are known to be important regulators in all 3 processes. In contrast to the blood plasma, the high mixture and PFOA exposure regimes caused the greatest change to the head kidney proteome, altering many proteins being involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Our findings support the pleiotropic effect PFAAs have on aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant doses including those on PPAR signaling, metabolic dysregulation, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pollard
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Thompson M, Eatman JA, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Kannan K, Corwin EJ, Ryan PB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, Taibl KR, Tan Y, Liang D, Eick SM. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and associations with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142052. [PMID: 38631500 PMCID: PMC11087190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals that are slow to break down in the environment and widely detected in humans. Epidemiological evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a legacy PFAS, is linked to gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. However, the relationship between other PFAS, which are structurally similar, and these outcomes remains largely understudied, despite biologic plausibility. Here, we examined associations between serum PFAS mixtures in relation to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy within a birth cohort of African Americans. METHODS Participants in the present study were enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort between 2014 and 2020 (n = 513). Serum samples collected between 8 and 14 weeks gestation were analyzed for four PFAS. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between individual natural log transformed PFAS and specific hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension), while quantile g-computation was used to estimate mixture effects. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension were treated as separate outcomes in individual models. All models were adjusted for maternal education, maternal age, early pregnancy body mass index, parity, and any alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana use. RESULTS The geometric mean of PFOS and PFHxS was slightly lower among those with preeclampsia relative to those without a hypertensive disorder (e.g., geometric mean for PFOS was 1.89 and 1.94, respectively). Serum concentrations of PFAS were not strongly associated with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in single pollutant or mixture models. For example, using quantile g-computation, a simultaneous one quartile increase in all PFAS was not associated with odds of gestational hypertension (odds ratio = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.23), relative to those without a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS In this birth cohort of African Americans, there was no association between serum PFAS measured in early pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which may be reflective of the fairly low PFAS levels in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzi Thompson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jasmin A Eatman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Taibl
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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25
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Hamed M, Vats A, Lim IE, Sapkota B, Abdelmoneim A. Effects of developmental exposure to individual and combined PFAS on development and behavioral stress responses in larval zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123912. [PMID: 38570156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals known for their widespread use and persistence in the environment. Laboratory and epidemiological studies investigating these compounds have signaled their neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting propensities, prompting further research into their effects on behavioral stress responses and their potential role as risk factors for stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. This study elucidates the ramifications of early developmental exposures to individual and combined PFAS on the development and behavioral stress responses of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), an established model in toxicological research. Wild-type zebrafish embryos were enzymatically dechorionated and exposed to PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFHxA between 6 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). We targeted environmentally relevant concentrations stemming from the USEPA 2016 Hazard Advisory Limit (HAL, 0.07 μg/L) and folds higher (0.35, 0.7, 1.75, and 3.5 μg/L). Evaluations at 120 hpf encompassed mortality, overall development, developmental defects, and larval activity both at baseline stress levels and following exposure to acute stressors (acoustic and visual). Larval exposure to PFOA, PFOS, or PFHxS (0.07 μg/L or higher) elicited significant increases in mortality rates, which capped at 23.1%. Exposure to individual chemicals resulted in limited effects on overall development but increased the prevalence of developmental defects in the body axis, swim bladder, pigmentation, and eyes, as well as the prevalence of yolk sac and pericardial edemas. Larval activity at baseline stress levels and following exposure to acute stimuli was significantly altered. Combined exposure to all four chemicals intensified the breadth of developmental and behavioral alterations, suggesting possible additive or synergistic effects. Our findings shed light on the developmental and neurobehavioral disturbances associated with developmental exposure to PFAS at environmentally relevant concentrations, the added risks of combined exposures to these chemicals, and their possible role as environmental risk factors for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ajn Vats
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ignitius Ezekiel Lim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Biplov Sapkota
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Ruggles A, Benakis C. Exposure to Environmental Toxins: Potential Implications for Stroke Risk via the Gut- and Lung-Brain Axis. Cells 2024; 13:803. [PMID: 38786027 PMCID: PMC11119296 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that exposure to environmental toxins, both short-term and long-term, can increase the risk of developing neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer's disease and other dementias) and acute brain injury (i.e., stroke). For stroke, the latest systematic analysis revealed that exposure to ambient particulate matter is the second most frequent stroke risk after high blood pressure. However, preclinical and clinical stroke investigations on the deleterious consequences of environmental pollutants are scarce. This review examines recent evidence of how environmental toxins, absorbed along the digestive tract or inhaled through the lungs, affect the host cellular response. We particularly address the consequences of environmental toxins on the immune response and the microbiome at the gut and lung barrier sites. Additionally, this review highlights findings showing the potential contribution of environmental toxins to an increased risk of stroke. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying exposure to environmental toxins has the potential to mitigate stroke risk and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany;
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27
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Yadav A, Vuković L, Narayan M. An Atomic and Molecular Insight into How PFOA Reduces α-Helicity, Compromises Substrate Binding, and Creates Binding Pockets in a Model Globular Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12766-12777. [PMID: 38656109 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant health risks due to their widespread presence in various environmental and biological matrices. However, the molecular-level mechanisms underlying the interactions between PFAS and biological constituents, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interactions between a legacy PFAS, viz. perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and the milk protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) obtained using a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Circular dichroism studies reveal that PFOA perturbs the secondary structure of BLG, by driving a dose-dependent loss of α-helicity and alterations in its β-sheet content. Furthermore, exposure of the protein to PFOA attenuates the on-rate constant for the binding of the hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), suggesting potential functional impairment of BLG by PFOA. Steered molecular dynamics and umbrella sampling calculations reveal that PFOA binding leads to the formation of an energetically favorable novel binding pocket within the protein, when residues 129-142 are steered to unfold from their initial α-helical structure, wherein a host of intermolecular interactions between PFOA and BLG's residues serve to insert the PFOA into the region between the unfolded helix and beta-sheets. Together, the data provide a novel understanding of the atomic and molecular mechanism(s) by which PFAS modulates structure and function in a globular protein, leading to a beginning of our understanding of altered biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Bioinformatics Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Yang J, Wang T, Li K, Wāng Y. Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and abdominal aortic calcification in middle-aged and older adults. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00165-6. [PMID: 38705256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have infiltrated countless everyday products, raising concerns about potential effects on human health, specifically on the cardiovascular system and the development of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). However, our understanding of this relationship is still limited. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of PFAS on AAC using machine learning algorithms. METHODS Leveraging the power of machine learning technique, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), we assessed the relationship between PFAS exposure and AAC risk. We focused on three PFAS compounds, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) through multiple logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and quantile g-computation (QGC) models. To get more insight into the underlying mechanisms, mediation analyses are used to investigate the potential mediating role of fatty acids and blood cell fractions in AAC. RESULTS Our findings indicate that elevated serum levels of PFHxS and PFDeA are associated with the increased risk of AAC. The QGC analyses underscore the overall positive association between the PFAS mixture and AAC risk, with PFHxS carrying the greatest weight, followed by PFDeA. The RCS analyses reveal a dose-dependent increase between serum PFHxS concentration and AAC risk in an inverted V-shape way. Moreover, age and PFHxS exposure are identified as the primary factors contributing to abdominal aortic calcification risk in SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) summary plot combined with XGBoost technique. Although PFAS significantly change the profile of fatty acids, we do not find any mediating roles of them in AAC. Despite strong associations between PFAS exposure and hematological indicators, our analysis does not find evidence that these indicators mediate the development of AAC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study highlights the detrimental impact of PFAS on abdominal aortic health and emphasizes the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijingru Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yán Wāng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Zhong X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Ji D, Ke W, Niu C, Wang C, Zhao N, Chen W, Jia K, Liu Q, Song M, Liu C, Wei Y. Development of an Automated Morphometric Approach to Assess Vascular Outcomes following Exposure to Environmental Chemicals in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57001. [PMID: 38701112 PMCID: PMC11068156 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in vascular formation attributable to chemical insults is a pivotal risk factor or potential etiology of developmental defects and various disease settings. Among the thousands of chemicals threatening human health, the highly concerning groups prevalent in the environment and detected in biological monitoring in the general population ought to be prioritized because of their high exposure risks. However, the impacts of a large number of environmental chemicals on vasculature are far from understood. The angioarchitecture complexity and technical limitations make it challenging to analyze the entire vasculature efficiently and identify subtle changes through a high-throughput in vivo assay. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop an automated morphometric approach for the vascular profile and assess the vascular morphology of health-concerning environmental chemicals. METHODS High-resolution images of the entire vasculature in Tg(fli1a:eGFP) zebrafish were collected using a high-content imaging platform. We established a deep learning-based quantitative framework, ECA-ResXUnet, combined with MATLAB to segment the vascular networks and extract features. Vessel scores based on the rates of morphological changes were calculated to rank vascular toxicity. Potential biomarkers were identified by vessel-endothelium-gene-disease integrative analysis. RESULTS Whole-trunk blood vessels and the cerebral vasculature in larvae exposed to 150 representative chemicals were automatically segmented as comparable to human-level accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity of 95.56% and 95.81%, respectively. Chemical treatments led to heterogeneous vascular patterns manifested by 31 architecture indexes, and the common cardinal vein (CCV) was the most affected vessel. The antipsychotic medicine haloperidol, flame retardant 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)trimethylenebis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate], and tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate ranked as the top three in vessel scores. Pesticides accounted for the largest group, with a vessel score of ≥ 1 , characterized by a remarkable inhibition of subintestinal venous plexus and delayed development of CCV. Multiple-concentration evaluation of nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) indicated a low-concentration effect on vascular impairment and a positive association between carbon chain length and benchmark concentration. Target vessel-directed single-cell RNA sequencing of f l i 1 a + cells from larvae treated with λ -cyhalothrin , perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, or benzylbutyl phthalate, along with vessel-endothelium-gene-disease integrative analysis, uncovered potential associations with vascular disorders and identified biomarker candidates. DISCUSSION This study provides a novel paradigm for phenotype-driven screenings of vascular-disrupting chemicals by converging morphological and transcriptomic profiles at a high-resolution level, serving as a powerful tool for large-scale toxicity tests. Our approach and the high-quality morphometric data facilitate the precise evaluation of vascular effects caused by environmental chemicals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhou Chen
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congying Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenquan Chen
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunkun Jia
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mao X, Liu Y, Wei Y, Li X, Liu Y, Su G, Wang X, Jia J, Yan B. Threats of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl pollutants to susceptible populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171188. [PMID: 38395163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has raised significant global health concerns due to potential hazards in healthy adults. However, the impact of PFAS on susceptible populations, including pregnant individuals, newborns, the older people, and those with underlying health conditions, has been overlooked. These susceptible groups often have physiological changes that make them less resilient to the same exposures. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the health risks posed by PFAS exposure to these populations. In this review, we delve into the potential health risks of PFAS exposure in these susceptible populations. Equally important, we also examine and discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie this susceptibility. These mechanisms include the induction of oxidative stress, disruption of the immune system, impairment of cellular metabolism, and alterations in gut microbiota, all of which contribute to the enhanced toxicity of PFAS in susceptible populations. Finally, we address the primary research challenges and unresolved issues that require further investigation. This discussion aims to foster research for a better understanding of how PFAS affect susceptible populations and to pave the way for strategies to minimize their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Judson RS, Smith D, DeVito M, Wambaugh JF, Wetmore BA, Paul Friedman K, Patlewicz G, Thomas RS, Sayre RR, Olker JH, Degitz S, Padilla S, Harrill JA, Shafer T, Carstens KE. A Comparison of In Vitro Points of Departure with Human Blood Levels for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). TOXICS 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38668494 PMCID: PMC11053643 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used, and their fluorinated state contributes to unique uses and stability but also long half-lives in the environment and humans. PFAS have been shown to be toxic, leading to immunosuppression, cancer, and other adverse health outcomes. Only a small fraction of the PFAS in commerce have been evaluated for toxicity using in vivo tests, which leads to a need to prioritize which compounds to examine further. Here, we demonstrate a prioritization approach that combines human biomonitoring data (blood concentrations) with bioactivity data (concentrations at which bioactivity is observed in vitro) for 31 PFAS. The in vitro data are taken from a battery of cell-based assays, mostly run on human cells. The result is a Bioactive Concentration to Blood Concentration Ratio (BCBCR), similar to a margin of exposure (MoE). Chemicals with low BCBCR values could then be prioritized for further risk assessment. Using this method, two of the PFAS, PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid) and PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid), have BCBCR values < 1 for some populations. An additional 9 PFAS have BCBCR values < 100 for some populations. This study shows a promising approach to screening level risk assessments of compounds such as PFAS that are long-lived in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Judson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (D.S.); (M.D.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.); (K.P.F.); (G.P.); (R.S.T.); (R.R.S.); (J.H.O.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (J.A.H.); (T.S.); (K.E.C.)
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Wu M, Zhu Z, Wan R, Xu J. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance and metabolic syndrome: A nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES, 2003-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123615. [PMID: 38402937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS) are widespread organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting effects on human health, but the association of PFAS exposure with metabolic syndrome remains conflicting. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) program was utilized to evaluate the association of individual PFAS exposure and metabolic disorders and further determined the joint effect of PFAS co-exposures. 13921 participants and five PFAS exposures(PFHxS, MPAH, PFDE, PFNA, and PFUA) were included for analysis. The association between individual PFAS and metabolic syndrome varied in the specific PFAS and the specific metabolic disorder examined. PFHxS was negatively associated with obesity(Q4; OR = 0.75; P < 0.001), but positively associated with hyperlipidemia (Q3; OR = 1.2; P = 0.013). PFUA was negatively associated with obesity (Q4; OR = 0.6; P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (Q3; OR = 0.85; P = 0.03), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, Q4; OR = 0.64; P = 0.015), but positively associated with hyperglycemia(Q3; OR = 1.27; P = 0.004). Furthermore, PFAS co-exposures were negatively associated with obesity(OR = 0.63; P < 0.001) and NAFLD(OR = 0.85; P = 0.021), and positively associated with hyperlipidemia(OR = 1.05; P = 0.022), but not significantly associated with hyperglycemia or hypertension. Overall, there was a negative association between PFAS co-exposures and metabolic severity score(β = -0.15; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis stratified by gender and obesity consistently showed the negative association of PFAS co-exposures with metabolic severity score, and the positive association with hyperlipidemia. However, subgroup analysis showed a negative association with NAFLD in females but not in males, and a negative association with hyperglycemia in the obesity group, but not in the non-obesity group. Collectively, our study showed a negative association of PFAS co-exposures with metabolic syndrome severity score, but did not support a consistent association between PFAS co-exposures and individual components of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, there were gender-specific as well as BMI-specific differences in these associations. Further studies are needed to rule out the reverse causality and clarify the relationship of PFAS co-exposures with the specific metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangyue Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Reimann B, Remy S, Koppen G, Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Nelen V, Franken C, Covaci A, Bruckers L, Baeyens W, Loots I, van Larebeke N, Voorspoels S, De Henauw S, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorines affects cognition in adolescence independent of postnatal exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114346. [PMID: 38447259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes have shown inconsistent results regarding the association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) and organochlorines. Assessment of mixture effects of correlated chemical exposures that persist in later life may contribute to the unbiased evaluation and understanding of dose-response associations in real-life exposures. METHODS For a subset of the 4th Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS), concentrations of four PFAS and six organochlorines were measured in respectively 99 and 153-160 cord plasma samples and 15 years later in adolescents' peripheral serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Sustained and selective attention were measured at 14-15 years with the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Test as indicators of potential neurodevelopmental deficits. Quantile g-computation was applied to assess the joint associations between prenatal exposure to separate and combined groups of PFAS and organochlorines and performance in the CPT and Stroop Test at adolescence. Subsequently, individual effects of each chemical compound were analyzed in mixed effects models with two sets of covariates. Analytical data at birth and at the time of cognitive assessment allowed for off-setting postnatal exposure. RESULTS In mixtures analysis, a simultaneous one-quantile increase in the natural log-transformed values of PFAS and organochlorines combined was associated with a decrease in the mean reaction time (RT) and the reaction time variability (RTV) in the CPT (β = -15.54, 95% CI:-29.64, -1.45, and β = -7.82, 95% CI: -14.97, -0.67 respectively) and for the mixture of PFAS alone with RT (β = -11.94, 95% CI: -23.29, -0.60). In the single pollutant models, these results were confirmed for the association between perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) with RT (β = -17.95, 95% CI = -33.35, -2.69) and hexachlorobenzene with RTV in the CPT (β = -5.78, 95% CI: -10.39, -0.76). Furthermore, the participants with prenatal exposure above the limit of quantification for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) had a significantly shorter RT and RTV in the CPT (β = -23.38, 95% CI: -41.55, -5.94, and β = -9.54, 95% CI: -19.75, -0.43, respectively). CONCLUSION Higher prenatal exposure to a PFAS mixture and a mixture of PFAS and organochlorines combined was associated with better sustained and selective attention during adolescence. The associations seemed to be driven by PFHxS and were not linked to exposure levels at the time of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Environmental Toxicology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Environmental Toxicology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium; Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Gouverneur Kingsbergencentrum, Doornstraat 331, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carmen Franken
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- University of Antwerp, Department of Sociology (CRESC and IMDO), Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolas van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium; Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Environmental Toxicology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Zhao Y, Pu K, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou Y. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with constipation: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2010). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301129. [PMID: 38557902 PMCID: PMC10984548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on constipation, as mediated through gastrointestinal absorption and perturbations to the intestinal microecology, remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to explain the relationship between PFAS and constipation. METHODS A total of 2945 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 were included in this study. Constipation was defined using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) based on stool consistency. The relationship between PFAS and constipation was evaluated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS The weighted median concentration of total PFAS (ΣPFAS) was significantly lower in individuals with constipation (19.01 μg/L) compared to those without constipation (23.30 μg/L) (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the cumulative effect of PFAS was more pronounced in the elderly, men, individuals with obesity, high school education or equivalent, and high-income individuals (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable analysis demonstrated an inverse association between PFOA [OR (95% CI), 0.666(0.486,0.914)] and PFHxS [OR (95% CI), 0.699(0.482,1.015)], and constipation. None of the personal and lifestyle factors showed a significant correlation with this negative association, as confirmed by subgroup analysis and interaction testing (p for interaction > 0.05). The RCS analysis demonstrated a linear inverse relationship between PFAS levels and constipation. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide evidence of a significant inverse correlation between serum concentrations of PFAS, particularly PFOA and PFHxS, and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Tsai HHD, Ford LC, Chen Z, Dickey AN, Wright FA, Rusyn I. Risk-based prioritization of PFAS using phenotypic and transcriptomic data from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. ALTEX 2024; 41:363-381. [PMID: 38429992 PMCID: PMC11305846 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2311031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals with important applications; they are persistent in the environment and may pose human health hazards. Regulatory agencies are considering restrictions and bans of PFAS; however, little data exists for informed decisions. Several prioritization strategies were proposed for evaluation of potential hazards of PFAS. Structure-based grouping could expedite the selection of PFAS for testing; still, the hypothesis that structure-effect relationships exist for PFAS requires confirmation. We tested 26 structurally diverse PFAS from 8 groups using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes, and tested concentration-response effects on cell function and gene expression. Few phenotypic effects were observed in hepatocytes, but negative chronotropy was observed in cardiomyocytes for 8 PFAS. Substance- and cell type-dependent transcriptomic changes were more prominent but lacked substantial group-specific effects. In hepatocytes, we found upregulation of stress-related and extracellular matrix organization pathways, and down-regulation of fat metabolism. In cardiomyocytes, contractility-related pathways were most affected. We derived phenotypic and transcriptomic points of departure and compared them to predicted PFAS exposures. Conservative estimates for bioactivity and exposure were used to derive a bioactivity-to-exposure ratio (BER) for each PFAS; 23 of 26 PFAS had BER > 1. Overall, these data suggest that structure-based PFAS grouping may not be sufficient to predict their biological effects. Testing of individual PFAS may be needed for scientifically-supported decision-making. Our proposed strategy of using two human cell types and considering phenotypic and transcriptomic effects, combined with dose-response analysis and calculation of BER, may be used for PFAS prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsuan D Tsai
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lucie C Ford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Current address: Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison N Dickey
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Wu Y, Qiu Y, Wu Y, Li H, Yang H, Deng Q, He B, Yan F, Li Y, Chen F. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with periodontitis: the mediating role of sex hormones. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:243. [PMID: 38360594 PMCID: PMC10870532 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and periodontitis, and further explore the possible mediating role of sex hormones in this association. METHODS We extracted data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the association between serum levels of seven PFASs and periodontitis. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was conducted to assess the joint effect of PFASs in mixtures. Mediation analyses were used to explore the potential mediating role of sex hormones. RESULTS Participants with periodontitis had higher concentrations of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) than those without periodontitis (both P < 0.05). In fully adjusted models, high serum concentrations of PFOS and PFNA were positively associated with periodontitis (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.19 for PFOS, 95% CI: 1.01-1.39; PR = 1.17 for PFNA, 95% CI: 1.02-1.34). The results from the BKMR models consistently showed a positive association between PFAS mixtures and periodontitis. Of note, testosterone and the ratio of testosterone to estradiol significantly mediated the relationship between high level of PFOS and periodontitis, accounting for 16.5% and 31.7% of the total effect, respectively. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results when using periodontal clinical indices (mean loss of attachment, mean periodontal probing depth, and the number of teeth) as dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence to support a positive association between certain PFASs and periodontitis, which might be partially mediated by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Husheng Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qingrong Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Fischer FC, Ludtke S, Thackray C, Pickard HM, Haque F, Dassuncao C, Endo S, Schaider L, Sunderland EM. Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to Serum Proteins: Implications for Toxicokinetics in Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1055-1063. [PMID: 38166384 PMCID: PMC11149785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals that are detectable in the serum of most humans. PFAS exposure has been associated with many adverse effects on human health including immunotoxicity, increased risk of certain cancers, and metabolic disruption. PFAS binding to the most abundant blood serum proteins (human serum albumin [HSA] and globulins) is thought to affect transport to active sites, toxicity, and elimination half-lives. However, few studies have investigated the competitive binding of PFAS to these proteins in human serum. Here, we use C18 solid-phase microextraction fibers to measure HSA-water and globulin-water distribution coefficients (DHSA/w, Dglob/w) for PFAS with carbon chains containing 4 to 13 perfluorinated carbons (ηpfc = 4-13) and several functional head-groups. PFAS with ηpfc < 7 were highly bound to HSA relative to globulins, whereas PFAS with ηpfc ≥ 7 showed a greater propensity for binding to globulins. Experimentally measured DHSA/w and Dglob/w and concentrations of serum proteins successfully predicted the variability in PFAS binding in human serum. We estimated that the unbound fraction of serum PFAS varied by up to a factor of 2.5 among individuals participating in the 2017-2018 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. These results suggest that serum HSA and globulins are important covariates for epidemiological studies aimed at understanding the effects of PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Christoph Fischer
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sophia Ludtke
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Colin Thackray
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Heidi M Pickard
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Faiz Haque
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Clifton Dassuncao
- Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), Arlington, Virginia 22201, United States
| | - Satoshi Endo
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Health and Environmental Risk Division, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Laurel Schaider
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Massachusetts 02460, United States
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Liu A, Wang S, Preston RJS, Zaytseva YY, He G, Xiao W, Hennig B, Deng P. Inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases induced by persistent organic pollutants and nutritional interventions: Effects of multi-organ interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122756. [PMID: 37844865 PMCID: PMC10842216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development and outcome of inflammatory diseases are associated with genetic and lifestyle factors, which include chemical and nonchemical stressors. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are major groups of chemical stressors. For example, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are closely associated with the incidence of inflammatory diseases. The pathology of environmental chemical-mediated inflammatory diseases is complex and may involve disturbances in multiple organs, including the gut, liver, brain, vascular tissues, and immune systems. Recent studies suggested that diet-derived nutrients (e.g., phytochemicals, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers) could modulate environmental insults and affect disease development, progression, and outcome. In this article, mechanisms of environmental pollutant-induced inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases are reviewed, focusing on multi-organ interplays and highlighting recent advances in nutritional strategies to improve the outcome of cardiometabolic diseases associated with environmental exposures. In addition, advanced system biology approaches are discussed, which present unique opportunities to unveil the complex interactions among multiple organs and to fuel the development of precision intervention strategies in exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aowen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Roger J S Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guangzhao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Boafo YS, Mostafa S, Obeng-Gyasi E. Association of Combined Metals and PFAS with Cardiovascular Disease Risk. TOXICS 2023; 11:979. [PMID: 38133380 PMCID: PMC10748340 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the impact of exposure to metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related risk. PFASs, including PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS, as well as metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), were analyzed to elucidate their combined effects on CVD risk. METHODS Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2014, this investigation explored the effects of PFASs and metals on CVD risk. A spectrum of individual CVD markers, encompassing systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, was examined. Additionally, comprehensive CVD risk indices were evaluated, namely the Overall Cardiovascular Biomarkers Index (OCBI), including the Framingham Risk Score and an Overall Cardiovascular Index. Linear regression analysis was employed to probe the relationships between these variables. Furthermore, to assess dose-response relationships between exposure mixtures and CVD while mitigating the influence of multicollinearity and potential interaction effects, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was employed. RESULTS Our findings indicated that exposure to PFAS and metals in combination increased CVD risk, with combinations occurring with lead bringing forth the largest impact among many CVD-related markers. CONCLUSIONS This study finds that combined exposure to metals and PFASs significantly elevates the likelihood of CVD risk. These results highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between multipollutant exposures and their potential implications for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S. Boafo
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Sayed Mostafa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Xu N, Lin H, Lin JM, Cheng J, Wang P, Lin L. Microfluidic Chip-Based Modeling of Three-Dimensional Intestine-Vessel-Liver Interactions in Fluorotelomer Alcohol Biotransformation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17064-17072. [PMID: 37943962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), featured with incredible persistence and chronic toxicity, poses an emerging ecological and environmental crisis. Although significant progress has been made in PFAS metabolism in vivo, the underlying mechanism of metabolically active organ interactions in PFAS bioaccumulation remains largely unknown. We developed a microfluidic-based assay to recreate the intestine-vessel-liver interface in three dimensions, allowing for high-resolution, real-time images and precise quantification of intestine-vessel-liver interactions in PFAS biotransformation. In contrast to the scattered arrangement of vascular endothelium on the traditional d-polylysine-modified two-dimensional (2D) plate, the microtubules in our three-dimensional (3D) platform formed a dense honeycomb network through the ECM, with longer tubular structures. Additionally, the slope culture of epithelial cells in our platform exhibited a closely arranged and thicker cell layer than the planar culture. To dynamically monitor the metabolic crosstalk in the intestinal-vascular endothelium-liver interaction under exposure to fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), we combined the chip with a solid-phase extraction-mass spectrometry (SPE-MS) system. Our findings revealed that endothelial cells were involved in the metabolic process of FTOHs. The transformation of intestinal epithelial and hepatic epithelial cells produces toxic metabolite fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs), which circulate to endothelial cells and affect angiogenesis. This system shows promise as an enhanced surrogate model and platform for studying pollutant exposure as well as for biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Gump BB, Hill DT, Robinson M, Kannan K, Heffernan K, Atallah-Yunes NH, Brann L, Parsons PJ, Palmer CD, MacKenzie JA, Goodrich JM, Bendinskas K. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lead (Pb) as "cardiovascular disruptors" in 9-11-year-old children living in Syracuse, New York, United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116758. [PMID: 37532213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS) and lead (Pb) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants with apparent impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. As one possible mechanism for this increased risk, we have previously demonstrated an association between Pb exposure and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress, a CVD risk factor. The present study expands this approach and considers both PFAS and Pb exposures (and the possible interaction). METHODS We assessed 14 serum PFAS and whole blood Pb concentrations in a sample of 9-11 year-old children (N = 291; 43.2% White, 56.8% Black; 53.5% female). We measured cardiovascular functioning at rest and during psychological stress as well as multiple indicators of subclinical CVD including resting blood pressure (BP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular mass (LVM). Data analysis included general linear modeling as well as a non-parametric approach to study metal mixtures, specifically Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). RESULTS Significant interactions between different PFAS and with Pb suggest the importance of considering toxicant mixtures when assessing potential disruption of the cardiovascular system. The pattern of findings suggests that greater "vascular reactivity" (elevated BP and vascular resistance during acute psychological stress) was associated with higher concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and Pb, but only when perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was concurrently elevated. With respect to subclinical outcomes, increasing perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was associated with greater cIMT (β = 0.21, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION To our knowledge this is the first study to consider how PFAS exposures might affect cardiovascular functioning and subclinical disease. Although a complex pattern of associations emerged, it does appear that PFAS and Pb can be classified as "cardiovascular disruptors" in children. Further research is needed to replicate these novel findings and determine whether these disruptions produce future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, United States.
| | - Dustin T Hill
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, United States
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | | | - Kevin Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, United States
| | | | - Lynn Brann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, United States
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, United States
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, United States
| | - James A MacKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Oswego, United States
| | - Jackie M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Kestutis Bendinskas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College at Oswego, United States
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Nobile M, Arioli F, Curci D, Ancillotti C, Scanavini G, Chiesa LM, Panseri S. Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer's Safety. Foods 2023; 12:3846. [PMID: 37893740 PMCID: PMC10605999 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs play an important role in a balanced diet; however, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recognizes eggs as a major source of poly and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). In this study, the presence of PFASs was analysed in eggs produced by hens from Northern Italian regions, a PFASs-contaminated area. Sixty-five samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The greatest presence of PFASs was found in eggs from Veneto and Emilia Romagna, and the most detected PFASs were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (mean concentrations 0.30 ± 0.15 and 0.05 ± 0.00 ng g-1). Considering the most recent updates for the sum of the main four PFASs, the highest concentration found in the analysed samples was 0.05 ng g-1, well below the maximum limit set by the European Union. The PFAS intake evaluation confirmed that egg consumption does not represent a risk for Italian consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (F.A.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (F.A.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Dalia Curci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (F.A.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudia Ancillotti
- Biochemie Lab S.r.l., Via Limite, 27/G, 50013 Campi Bisenzio, Italy; (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Scanavini
- Biochemie Lab S.r.l., Via Limite, 27/G, 50013 Campi Bisenzio, Italy; (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (F.A.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (F.A.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
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Dangudubiyyam SV, Bosse B, Yadav P, Song R, Hofmann A, Mishra JS, Kumar S. Restoring Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Function Reverses PFOS-Induced Vascular Hyper-Reactivity and Hypertension in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14180. [PMID: 37762482 PMCID: PMC10531530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure during pregnancy induces hypertension with decreased vasodilatory angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R) expression and impaired vascular reactivity and fetal weights. We hypothesized that AT2R activation restores the AT1R/AT2R balance and reverses gestational hypertension by improving vascular mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to PFOS through drinking water (50 μg/mL) from gestation day (GD) 4-20. Controls received drinking water with no detectable PFOS. Control and PFOS-exposed rats were treated with AT2R agonist Compound 21 (C21; 0.3 mg/kg/day, SC) from GD 15-20. In PFOS dams, blood pressure was higher, blood flow in the uterine artery was reduced, and C21 reversed these to control levels. C21 mitigated the heightened contraction response to Ang II and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in uterine arteries of PFOS dams. The observed vascular effects of C21 were correlated with reduced AT1R levels and increased AT2R and eNOS protein levels. C21 also increased plasma bradykinin production in PFOS dams and attenuated the fetoplacental growth restriction. These data suggest that C21 improves the PFOS-induced maternal vascular dysfunction and blood flow to the fetoplacental unit, providing preclinical evidence to support that AT2R activation may be an important target for preventing or treating PFOS-induced adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vidya Dangudubiyyam
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bradley Bosse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ruolin Song
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Alissa Hofmann
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jay S. Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.V.D.); (P.Y.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (J.S.M.)
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
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Bailey JM, Wang L, McDonald JM, Gray JS, Petrie JG, Martin ET, Savitz DA, Karrer TA, Fisher KA, Geiger MJ, Wasilevich EA. Immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in a population with a history of elevated exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through drinking water. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:725-736. [PMID: 37337047 PMCID: PMC10541329 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to lower vaccine-induced antibody concentrations in children, while data from adults remains limited and equivocal. Characteristics of PFAS exposure and age at vaccination may modify such effects. OBJECTIVE We used the mass administration of novel COVID-19 vaccines to test the hypothesis that prior exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of PFAS affect antibody response to vaccines in adolescents and adults. METHODS Between April and June 2021, 226 participants aged 12-90 years with a history of exposure to PFAS in drinking water and who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine participated in our prospective cohort study. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (IgG) were quantified before the first and second vaccine doses and again at two follow-ups in the following months (up to 103 days post dose 1). Serum PFAS concentrations (n = 39 individual PFAS) were measured once for each participant during baseline, before their first vaccination. The association between PFAS exposure and immune response to vaccination was investigated using linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with adjustment for covariates that affect antibody response. PFAS mixture effects were assessed using weighted quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression methods. RESULTS The geometric mean (standard deviation) of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid serum concentrations in this population was 10.49 (3.22) and 3.90 (4.90) µg/L, respectively. PFAS concentrations were not associated with peak anti-spike antibody response, the initial increase in anti-spike antibody response following vaccination, or the waning over time of the anti-spike antibody response. Neither individual PFAS concentrations nor their evaluation as a mixture was associated with antibody response to mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. IMPACT STATEMENT Given the importance of understanding vaccine response among populations exposed to environmental contaminants and the current gaps in understanding this relationship outside of early life/childhood vaccinations, our manuscript contributes meaningful data from an adolescent and adult population receiving a novel vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Bailey
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M McDonald
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Gray
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joshua G Petrie
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Emily T Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Timothy A Karrer
- Division of Chemistry and Toxicology, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keri A Fisher
- Division of Chemistry and Toxicology, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Geiger
- Division of Chemistry and Toxicology, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wasilevich
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
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India-Aldana S, Yao M, Midya V, Colicino E, Chatzi L, Chu J, Gennings C, Jones DP, Loos RJF, Setiawan VW, Smith MR, Walker RW, Barupal D, Walker DI, Valvi D. PFAS Exposures and the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:510-568. [PMID: 37753190 PMCID: PMC10520990 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review There is a growing interest in understanding the health effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the study of the human metabolome. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify consistent findings between PFAS and metabolomic signatures. We conducted a search matching specific keywords that was independently reviewed by two authors on two databases (EMBASE and PubMed) from their inception through July 19, 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Recent Findings We identified a total of 28 eligible observational studies that evaluated the associations between 31 different PFAS exposures and metabolomics in humans. The most common exposure evaluated was legacy long-chain PFAS. Population sample sizes ranged from 40 to 1,105 participants at different stages across the lifespan. A total of 19 studies used a non-targeted metabolomics approach, 7 used targeted approaches, and 2 included both. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (n = 25), including four with prospective analyses of PFAS measured prior to metabolomics. Summary Most frequently reported associations across studies were observed between PFAS and amino acids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, phosphosphingolipids, bile acids, ceramides, purines, and acylcarnitines. Corresponding metabolic pathways were also altered, including lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We found consistent evidence across studies indicating PFAS-induced alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolites, which may be involved in energy and cell membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meizhen Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk
Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mathew Ryan Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
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Beccacece L, Costa F, Pascali JP, Giorgi FM. Cross-Species Transcriptomics Analysis Highlights Conserved Molecular Responses to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2023; 11:567. [PMID: 37505532 PMCID: PMC10385990 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered widespread public attention due to their persistence in the environment and detrimental effects on the health of living organisms, spurring the generation of several transcriptome-centered investigations to understand the biological basis of their mechanism. In this study, we collected 2144 publicly available samples from seven distinct animal species to examine the molecular responses to PFAS exposure and to determine if there are conserved responses. Our comparative transcriptional analysis revealed that exposure to PFAS is conserved across different tissues, molecules and species. We identified and reported several genes exhibiting consistent and evolutionarily conserved transcriptional response to PFASs, such as ESR1, HADHA and ID1, as well as several pathways including lipid metabolism, immune response and hormone pathways. This study provides the first evidence that distinct PFAS molecules induce comparable transcriptional changes and affect the same metabolic processes across inter-species borders. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the impact of PFAS exposure on living organisms and the environment. We believe that this study offers a novel perspective on the molecular responses to PFAS exposure and provides a foundation for future research into developing strategies for mitigating the detrimental effects of these substances in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Paola Pascali
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Davidson LM, Boland MR. Investigating Three Classification Methods for Per/Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposure from Electronic Health Records And Potential for Bias. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 2023:52-61. [PMID: 37350909 PMCID: PMC10283112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of manmade compounds with known human toxicity and evidence of contamination in drinking water throughout the US. We augmented our electronic health record data with geospatial information to classify PFAS exposure for our patients living in New Jersey. We explored the utility of three different methods for classifying PFAS exposure that are popularly used in the literature, resulting in different boundary types: public water supplier service area boundary, municipality, and ZIP code. We also explored the intersection of the three boundaries. To study the potential for bias, we investigated known PFAS exposure-disease associations, specifically hypertension, thyroid disease and parathyroid disease. We found that both the significance of the associations and the effect size varied by the method for classifying PFAS exposure. This has important implications in knowledge discovery and also environmental justice as across cohorts, we found a larger proportion of Black/African-American patients PFAS-exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Davidson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Regina Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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48
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Pan K, Xu J, Long X, Yang L, Huang Z, Yu J. The relationship between perfluoroalkyl substances and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116362. [PMID: 37295593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a leading cause of premature death. Epidemiological studies have found that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are associated with hypertension. However, the correlation between PFASs and hypertension has not been systematically reported. Based on evidence from population epidemiological surveys, we conducted a meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to assess the correlation between PFASs exposure and hypertension. In this study, three databases of PubMed, Web of science, Embase were searched and 13 literatures with 81,096 participants were included. Literature heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistic, and the random effect model (I2 > 50%) and fixed effect model (I2 < 50%) were used to combine the studies in meta-analysis. The results showed that PFNA (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.19), PFOA (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23), PFOS (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.34) and PFHxS (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06) were significantly associated with hypertension, while other types of PFASs (∑PFAS, PFDA, PFUnDA) had no statistical significance. In addition, PFNA (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22), PFOA (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25) and PFOS (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.25) exposure were positively correlated with the risk of hypertension in men, but not in women. Our study reveals that PFASs are risk factors for hypertension, with notable gender differences observed in PFASs-exposed populations. Specifically, males exposed to PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS exhibit a higher risk of hypertension compared to females. However, further investigations are needed to delve into the precise mechanism through which PFASs contribute to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Xianping Long
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Lilin Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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Lazarevic N, Smurthwaite KS, D'Este C, Lucas RM, Armstrong B, Clements AC, Trevenar SM, Gad I, Hosking R, Law HD, Mueller J, Bräunig J, Nilsson S, Lane J, Lal A, Lidbury BA, Korda RJ, Kirk MD. Liver and cardiometabolic markers and conditions in a cross-sectional study of three Australian communities living with environmental per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115621. [PMID: 36898423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with higher cholesterol and liver function markers in some studies, but the evidence for specific cardiometabolic conditions has been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES We quantified the associations of single and combined PFAS with cardiometabolic markers and conditions in a cross-sectional study of three Australian communities with PFAS-contaminated water from the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam in firefighting activities, and three comparison communities. METHODS Participants gave blood samples for measurement of nine PFAS, four lipids, six liver function markers, and completed a survey on sociodemographic characteristics and eight cardiometabolic conditions. We estimated differences in mean biomarker concentrations per doubling in single PFAS concentrations (linear regression) and per interquartile range increase in the PFAS mixture (Bayesian kernel machine regression). We estimated prevalence ratios of biomarker concentrations outside reference limits and self-reported cardiometabolic conditions (Poisson regression). RESULTS We recruited 881 adults in exposed communities and 801 in comparison communities. We observed higher mean total cholesterol with higher single and mixture PFAS concentrations in blood serum (e.g., 0.18 mmol/L, 95% credible interval -0.06 to 0.42, higher total cholesterol concentrations with an interquartile range increase in all PFAS concentrations in Williamtown, New South Wales), with varying certainty across communities and PFAS. There was less consistency in direction of associations for liver function markers. Serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations were positively associated with the prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolemia in one of three communities, but PFAS concentrations were not associated with self-reported type II diabetes, liver disease, or cardiovascular disease. DISCUSSION Our study is one of few that has simultaneously quantified the associations of blood PFAS concentrations with multiple biomarkers and cardiometabolic conditions in multiple communities. Our findings for total cholesterol were consistent with previous studies; however, substantial uncertainty in our estimates and the cross-sectional design limit causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lazarevic
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
| | - Kayla S Smurthwaite
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Catherine D'Este
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2206, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Archie Ca Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Susan M Trevenar
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Imogen Gad
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Rose Hosking
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hsei Di Law
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jochen Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Jennifer Bräunig
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Sandra Nilsson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Jo Lane
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Aparna Lal
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Brett A Lidbury
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Rosemary J Korda
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Martyn D Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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50
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Zang L, Liu X, Xie X, Zhou X, Pan Y, Dai J. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy, risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, potential pathways, and influencing factors in pregnant women: A nested case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121504. [PMID: 36965679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported an association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, results have been inconsistent. Few studies have focused on the combined effects of emerging and legacy PFASs on glucose homeostasis while humans are always exposed to multiple PFASs simultaneously. Moreover, the potential pathways by which PFAS exposure induces GDM are unclear. A total of 295 GDM cases and 295 controls were enrolled from a prospective cohort of 2700 pregnant women in Shanghai, China. In total, 16 PFASs were determined in maternal spot serum samples in early pregnancy. We used conditional logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine individual and joint effects of PFAS exposure on GDM risk and oral glucose tolerance test outcomes. The mediating effects of maternal serum biochemical parameters, including thyroid and liver function were further assessed. Maternal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure was associated with an increased risk of GDM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.10, 2.57), consistent with higher concentrations in GDM cases than controls. Based on mediation analysis, an increase in the free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio partially explained the effect of this association. For continuous glycemic outcomes, positive associations were observed between several PFASs and 1-h and 2-h glucose levels. In BKMR, PFAS mixture exposure showed a positive trend with GDM incidence, although the CIs were wide. These associations were more pronounced among women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Mixed PFAS congeners may affect glucose homeostasis by increasing 1-h glucose levels, with perfluorononanoic acid found to be a main contributor. Exposure to PFASs was associated with increased risk of GDM and disturbance in glucose homeostasis, especially in normal weight women. The PFAS-associated disruption of maternal thyroid function may alter glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xianjing Xie
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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