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Scharnweber K, Milano S, Hühn D. Influence of the dietary contribution of terrestrial insects to the condition factor of bleak Alburnus alburnus in a highly polluted lowland river. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38840428 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bleak Alburnus alburnus is a highly abundant but understudied fish species, and we know little about the trophic ecology of populations inhabiting rivers in central Europe. From an ecosystem perspective, this fish species is interesting as it is known to feed on surface insects, thereby linking the terrestrial with the aquatic habitat. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this flux is intensified, and dietary contribution of terrestrial insects is higher in fish inhabiting sections of the Spree River, Germany, that are polluted from iron oxides occurring from former lignite mining activities, and thus are characterized by lower abundances of aquatic insects. As terrestrial insects can be considered as food of lower quality (measured as long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 LC-PUFAs) compared to aquatic prey, it is reasonable to assume that the higher contribution of terrestrial insects is related to a lower body condition in fish. In this study, we explore the trophic ecology of riverine A. alburnus and their fitness consequences of feeding on terrestrial insects. We therefore modeled a terrestrial index from stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) measured in the A. alburnus muscle tissue and compared individuals caught in locations upstream of a dam that were greatly influenced by iron oxides, with individuals caught in sections located downstream of a dam where passive remediation technologies are applied. The terrestrial index was significantly higher in A. alburnus caught in locations at high-iron concentrations, characterized by low abundances of aquatic prey, compared to A. alburnus caught in unpolluted habitats at low-iron concentrations. In contradiction to our hypothesis, the terrestrial index had no significant effect on the body condition of A. alburnus (measured as Fulton's condition factor K) in the sections downstream of the dam (i.e., at low-iron concentrations) and a significant positive, albeit weak, effect in sections upstream of the dam (i.e., at high-iron concentrations). However, the condition factor was generally lower in the high-iron section, potentially related to more direct effects of the iron oxide. We conclude that in A. alburnus, terrestrial insects can be considered as the less-favored food, unless the fish occur in environments where the aquatic food is of limited availability. Further research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects, including the internal n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis as an adaption toward low-quality terrestrial prey on the fitness consequences of A. alburnus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Ecological Research Station, University of Cologne, Rees, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Hühn
- Potsdam Institute of Inland Fisheries, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Steele ZT, Caceres K, Jameson AD, Griego M, Rogers EJ, Whiteman JP. A protocol for distilling animal body water from biological samples and measuring oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes via cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:229-250. [PMID: 38472130 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2323201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of stable isotope analysis (SIA) to the fields of ecology and animal biology has rapidly expanded over the past three decades, particularly with regards to water analysis. SIA now provides the opportunity to monitor migration patterns, examine food webs, and assess habitat changes in current and past study systems. While carbon and nitrogen SIA of biological samples have become common, analyses of oxygen or hydrogen are used more sparingly despite their promising utility for tracing water sources and animal metabolism. Common ecological applications of oxygen or hydrogen SIA require injecting enriched isotope tracers. As such, methods for processing and analyzing biological samples are tailored for enriched tracer techniques, which require lower precision than other techniques given the large signal-to-noise ratio of the data. However, instrumentation advancements are creating new opportunities to expand the applications of high-throughput oxygen and hydrogen SIA. To support these applications, we update methods to distill and measure water derived from biological samples with consistent precision equal to, or better than, ± 0.1 ‰ for δ17O, ± 0.3 ‰ for δ18O, ± 1 ‰ for δ2H, ± 2 ‰ for d-excess, and ± 15 per meg for Δ17O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Steele
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Karen Caceres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Austin D Jameson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Michael Griego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rogers
- Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John P Whiteman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Raoult V, Phillips AA, Nelson J, Niella Y, Skinner C, Tilcock MB, Burke PJ, Szpak P, James WR, Harrod C. Why aquatic scientists should use sulfur stable isotope ratios (ẟ 34S) more often. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141816. [PMID: 38556184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, measurements of light stable isotope ratios have been increasingly used to answer questions across physiology, biology, ecology, and archaeology. The vast majority analyse carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes as the 'default' isotopes, omitting sulfur (δ34S) due to time, cost, or perceived lack of benefits and instrumentation capabilities. Using just carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios can produce results that are inconclusive, uncertain, or in the worst cases, even misleading, especially for scientists that are new to the use and interpretation of stable isotope data. Using sulfur isotope values more regularly has the potential to mitigate these issues, especially given recent advancements that have lowered measurement barriers. Here we provide a review documenting case studies with real-world data, re-analysing different biological topics (i.e. niche, physiology, diet, movement and bioarchaeology) with and without sulfur isotopes to highlight the various strengths of this stable isotope for various applications. We also include a preliminary meta-analysis of the trophic discrimination factor (TDF) for sulfur isotopes, which suggest small (mean -0.4 ± 1.7 ‰ SD) but taxa-dependent mean trophic discrimination. Each case study demonstrates how the exclusion of sulfur comes at the detriment of the results, often leading to very different outputs, or missing valuable discoveries entirely. Given that studies relying on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes currently underpin most of our understanding of various ecological processes, this has concerning implications. Collectively, these examples strongly suggest that researchers planning to use carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes for their research should incorporate sulfur where possible, and that the new 'default' isotope systems for aquatic science should now be carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- Blue Carbon Lab, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, VIC, Australia; Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Alexandra A Phillips
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James Nelson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yuri Niella
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Skinner
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Patrick J Burke
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Ryan James
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chris Harrod
- Instituto Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Millennium Nucleus INVASAL, Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Antofagasta Stable Isotope Facility, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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4
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Koehler G, McNeill G, Hobson KA. The stable isotope hydrology of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada with implications for evaluating the water budget of wild horses. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:122-140. [PMID: 38372972 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2316584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the stable isotope hydrology of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada over a five year period from September, 2017 to August, 2022. The δ2H and δ18O values of integrated monthly precipitation were weakly seasonal and ranged from -66 to -15 ‰ and from -9.7 to -1.9 ‰, respectively. Fitting these monthly precipitation data resulted in a local meteoric water line (LMWL) defined by: δ2H = 7.22 ± 0.21 · δ18O + 7.50 ± 1.22 ‰. Amount-weighted annual precipitation had δ2H and δ18O values of -36 ± 11 ‰ and -6.1 ± 1.4 ‰, respectively. Deep groundwater had more negative δ2H and δ18O values than mean annual precipitation, suggesting recharge occurs mainly in the winter, while shallow groundwater had δ2H and δ18O values more consistent with mean annual precipitation or mixing of freshwater with local seawater. Surface waters had more positive values and showed evidence of isolation from the groundwater system. The stable isotopic compositions of plant (leaf) water, on the other hand, indicate plants use groundwater as their source. Fog had δ2H and δ18O values that were significantly more positive than those of local precipitation, yet had similar 17O-excess values. δ2H values of horsehair from 4 individuals lacked seasonality, but had variations typical to those of precipitation on the island. Differences in mean δ2H values of horsehair were statistically significant and suggest variations in water use may exist between spatially disparate horse communities. Our results establish an important initial framework for ongoing isotope studies of feral horses and other wildlife on Sable Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Koehler
- NHRC Stable Isotope Laboratory, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Gina McNeill
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada
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Kärkkäinen T, Hobson KA, Kardynal KJ, Laaksonen T. Winter-ground microhabitat use by differently coloured phenotypes affects return rate in a long-distance migratory bird. Oecologia 2024; 205:163-176. [PMID: 38724708 PMCID: PMC11144160 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Migratory bird populations are declining globally at alarming rates. Non-breeding site conditions affect breeding populations, but generalising non-breeding habitat conditions over large spatial regions cannot address potential fine-scale differences across landscapes or local populations. Plumage characteristics can mediate the effects of environmental conditions on individual fitness. However, whether different phenotypes use distinctive non-breeding sites, and whether they respond to non-breeding site conditions differently remains largely unknown. Stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H) of inert tissues are useful to infer habitat characteristics and geographic origins where those tissues were grown. We collected winter-grown feathers from pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) on their breeding grounds over several years from males whose dorsal plumage colouration ranged continuously from brown to black and assessed their stable isotope values as proxies of local habitat conditions. Based on feather δ2H profiles we found that browner males spent their non-breeding season in drier habitats than black males. Assignment to origin analysis shows potential regional non-breeding ground separation between differently coloured males. High within-individual repeatability of both δ13C and δ15N indicate the pied flycatcher males return yearly to similar areas. Blacker males were more likely to return to the breeding grounds after dry years compared with brown males. The opposite was found in wet years. Our study demonstrates that different phenotypes are exposed to different non-breeding site conditions which can differentially affect individual survivorship. This has important ramifications for population dynamics under predicted climate change scenarios where especially brown phenotype pied flycatcher males may be under a risk of decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kärkkäinen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Keith A Hobson
- University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Scharnweber K, Scholz C, Schippenbeil V, Milano S, Hühn D. Effects of mining activities on fish communities and food web dynamics in a lowland river. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11111. [PMID: 38476699 PMCID: PMC10928357 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish communities of streams and rivers might be substantially subsidized by terrestrial insects that fall into the water. Although such animal-mediated fluxes are increasingly recognized, little is known about how anthropogenic perturbations may influence the strength of such exchanges. Intense land use, such as lignite mining, may impact a river ecosystem due to the flocculation of iron (III) oxides, thus altering food web dynamics. We compared sections of the Spree River in North-East Germany that were greatly influenced by iron oxides with sections located downstream of a dam where passive remediation technologies are applied. Compared to locations downstream of the dam, the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates at locations of high iron concentrations upstream of the dam was significantly reduced. Similarly, catch per unit effort of all fish was significantly higher in locations downstream of the dam compared to locations upstream of the dam, and the condition of juvenile and adult piscivorous pike Esox lucius was significantly lower in sections of high iron concentrations. Using an estimate of short-term (i.e., metabarcoding of the gut content) as well as longer-term (i.e., hydrogen stable isotopes) resource use, we could demonstrate that the three most abundant fish species, perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, and bleak Alburnus alburnus, received higher contributions of terrestrial insects to their diet at locations of high iron concentration. In summary, lotic food webs upstream and downstream of the dam greatly differed in the overall structure with respect to the energy available for the highest tropic levels and the contribution of terrestrial insects to the diet of omnivorous fish. Therefore, human-induced environmental perturbations, such as river damming and mining activities, represent strong pressures that can alter the flow of energy between aquatic and terrestrial systems, indicating a broad impact on the landscape level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Ecological Research Station ReesUniversity of CologneRees‐BienenGermany
| | - Carolin Scholz
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary EcologyBerlinGermany
| | - Victor Schippenbeil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science II, Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefania Milano
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary EcologyBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel Hühn
- Potsdam Institute of Inland FisheriesPotsdamGermany
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7
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Guo F, Fry B, Yan K, Huang J, Zhao Q, O'Mara K, Li F, Gao W, Kainz MJ, Brett MT, Bunn SE, Zhang Y. Assessment of the impact of dams on aquatic food webs using stable isotopes: Current progress and future challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167097. [PMID: 37716688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Dams have disrupted natural river systems worldwide and although population and community level effects on aquatic biota have been well documented, food web responses remain poorly understood and difficult to characterize. The application of stable isotope analysis (SIA) provides a means to assess the effect of dams on food webs. Here we review the effect of dams on aquatic food webs using SIA, aiming to detect knowledge gaps in the field of dam impacts on aquatic food webs and propose a conceptual framework to help formulate hypotheses about dam impacts on food webs guided by food web theory. Dams can affect aquatic food webs via two pathways: a bottom-up pathway with altered basal food sources and their transfer to consumers through changes in flow, nutrients, temperature and sediment, and a top-down pathway with consumer species composition altered mainly through habitat fragmentation and related physiochemical changes. Taking these mechanisms into consideration, the impact of dams on food web attributes derived from SIA was evaluated. These studies generally apply mixing models to determine how dams alter the dominant carbon sources supporting food webs, use δ15N to examine how dams alter food-chain length, or use Layman metrics of isotope variability to assess niche changes for invertebrate and fish assemblages. Most studies compare the patterns of SIA metrics spatially (e.g. upstream vs reservoir vs downstream of dams; regulated vs unregulated rivers) and temporally (before vs after dam construction), without explicit hypotheses and/or links to theoretical concepts of food webs. We propose several steps to make SIA studies of dam impacts more rigorous and enhance their potential for producing novel insights. Future studies should quantify the shape and strength of the effect of dams on SIA-measured food web response, be conducted at larger temporal and spatial scales (particularly along the river longitudinal continuum and the lateral connected ecosystems (e.g., floodplains)), and consider effects of dams on food web resilience and tipping points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Brian Fry
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4109, Australia
| | - Keheng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Kaitlyn O'Mara
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4109, Australia
| | - Feilong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Inter-University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Michael T Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stuart E Bunn
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4109, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Abstract
The measurement of naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of the light elements (C, N, H, O, S) in animal tissues and associated organic and inorganic fractions of associated environments holds immense potential as a means of addressing effects of global change on animals. This paper provides a brief review of studies that have used the isotope approach to evaluate changes in diet, isotopic niche, contaminant burden, reproductive and nutritional investment, invasive species and shifts in migration origin or destination with clear links to evaluating effects of global change. This field has now reached a level of maturity that is impressive but generally underappreciated and involves technical as well as statistical advances and access to freely available R-based packages. There is a need for animal ecologists and conservationists to design tissue collection networks that will best answer current and anticipated questions related to the global change and the biodiversity crisis. These developments will move the field of stable isotope ecology toward a more hypothesis driven discipline related to rapidly changing global events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hobson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Brasileiro L, Mayrink RR, Pereira AC, Costa FJV, Nardoto GB. Differentiating wild from captive animals: an isotopic approach. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16460. [PMID: 38025752 PMCID: PMC10680447 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wildlife farming can be an important but complex tool for conservation. To achieve conservation benefits, wildlife farming should meet a variety of criteria, including traceability conditions to identify the animals' origin. The traditional techniques for discriminating between wild and captive animals may be insufficient to prevent doubts or misdeclaration, especially when labels are not expected or mandatory. There is a pressing need to develop more accurate techniques to discriminate between wild and captive animals and their products. Stable isotope analysis has been used to identify animal provenance, and some studies have successfully demonstrated its potential to differentiate wild from captive animals. In this literature review, we examined an extensive collection of publications to develop an overall picture of the application of stable isotopes to distinguish between wild and captive animals focusing on evaluating the patterns and potential of this tool. Survey methodology We searched peer-reviewed publications in the Web of Science database and the references list from the main studies on the subject. We selected and analyzed 47 studies that used δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O, and δ34S in tissues from fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We built a database from the isotope ratios and metadata extracted from the publications. Results Studies have been using stable isotopes in wild and captive animals worldwide, with a particular concentration in Europe, covering all main vertebrate groups. A total of 80.8% of the studies combined stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, and 88.2% used at least one of those elements. Fish is the most studied group, while amphibians are the least. Muscle and inert organic structures were the most analyzed tissues (46.81% and 42.55%). δ13C and δ15N standard deviation and range were significantly higher in the wild than in captive animals, suggesting a more variable diet in the first group. δ13C tended to be higher in wild fishes and in captive mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. δ15N was higher in the wild terrestrial animals when controlling for diet. Only 5.7% of the studies failed to differentiate wild and captive animals using stable isotopes. Conclusions This review reveals that SIA can help distinguish between wild and captive in different vertebrate groups, rearing conditions, and methodological designs. Some aspects should be carefully considered to use the methodology properly, such as the wild and captivity conditions, the tissue analyzed, and how homogeneous the samples are. Despite the increased use of SIA to distinguish wild from captive animals, some gaps remain since some taxonomic groups (e.g., amphibians), countries (e.g., Africa), and isotopes (e.g., δ2H, δ18O, and δ34S) have been little studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Brasileiro
- Diretoria de Fiscalização Ambiental, Brasilia Ambiental, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Mayrink
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Setor Técnico-Científico, Policia Federal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Costa Pereira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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10
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Millette NC, Gast RJ, Luo JY, Moeller HV, Stamieszkin K, Andersen KH, Brownlee EF, Cohen NR, Duhamel S, Dutkiewicz S, Glibert PM, Johnson MD, Leles SG, Maloney AE, Mcmanus GB, Poulton N, Princiotta SD, Sanders RW, Wilken S. Mixoplankton and mixotrophy: future research priorities. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2023; 45:576-596. [PMID: 37483910 PMCID: PMC10361813 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phago-mixotrophy, the combination of photoautotrophy and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, organisms that can combine both trophic strategies, have gained increasing attention over the past decade. It is now recognized that a substantial number of protistan plankton species engage in phago-mixotrophy to obtain nutrients for growth and reproduction under a range of environmental conditions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of mixoplankton in aquatic systems significantly lags behind our understanding of zooplankton and phytoplankton, limiting our ability to fully comprehend the role of mixoplankton (and phago-mixotrophy) in the plankton food web and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we put forward five research directions that we believe will lead to major advancement in the field: (i) evolution: understanding mixotrophy in the context of the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to photoautotrophy; (ii) traits and trade-offs: identifying the key traits and trade-offs constraining mixotrophic metabolisms; (iii) biogeography: large-scale patterns of mixoplankton distribution; (iv) biogeochemistry and trophic transfer: understanding mixoplankton as conduits of nutrients and energy; and (v) in situ methods: improving the identification of in situ mixoplankton and their phago-mixotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Gast
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jessica Y Luo
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 201 Forrestal Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Holly V Moeller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1120 Noble Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Karen Stamieszkin
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Ken H Andersen
- Center for Ocean Life, Natl. Inst. of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, Kongens Lyngby 2840, Denmark
| | - Emily F Brownlee
- Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, 18952 E. Fisher Road, St. Mary’s City, MD 20686, USA
| | - Natalie R Cohen
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, GA 31411, USA
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, 1007 E Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02874, USA
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Suzana G Leles
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ashley E Maloney
- Geosciences Department, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - George B Mcmanus
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Nicole Poulton
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Sarah D Princiotta
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, Schuylkill Campus, 200 University Drive, Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972, USA
| | - Robert W Sanders
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Susanne Wilken
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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11
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Budge SM, Townsend K, Ziegler SE, Lall SP. Fatty acid isotopic composition in Atlantic pollock is not influenced by environmentally relevant dietary fat concentrations. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05403-z. [PMID: 37389667 PMCID: PMC10386935 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of fatty acid (FA) isotopic analysis has great potential in elucidating food web structure, but it has not experienced the same wide-spread use as amino acid isotopic analyses. The failure to adopt FA isotopic methods is almost certainly linked to a lack of reliable information on trophic fractionation of FA, particularly in higher predators. In this work, we attempt to address this shortfall, through comparison of FA δ13C values in captive Atlantic pollock (Pollachius virens) liver and their known diets. Since catabolism is likely the main cause of fractionation and it may vary with dietary fat content, we investigated the impact of dietary fat concentration on isotopic discrimination in FA. We fed Atlantic pollock three formulated diets with similar FA isotopic compositions but different fat concentrations (5-9% of diet), representative of the range found in natural prey, for 20 weeks. At the conclusion of the study, δ13C values of liver FA were very similar to the FA within the corresponding diets, with most discrimination factors < 1. For all FA except 22:6n-3, dietary fat had no effect on discrimination factors. Only for 22:6n-3 did fish fed the highest fat diet have lower δ13C values than the diet consumed. Thus, these FA-specific discrimination factors can be applied to evaluate diets in marine fish consuming natural diets and will serve as additional and valuable biomarkers in fish feeding ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Townsend
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Susan E Ziegler
- Department of Earth Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Santosh P Lall
- Department Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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12
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Koehler G, Hobson KA. Delineating origins of cheetah cubs in the illegal wildlife trade: Improvements based on the use of hair δ18O measurements. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1058985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
All African felids are listed as vulnerable or endangered according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Species. Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in particular have declined rapidly as a result of human impacts so that development of effective strategies and tools for conservation of this highly vulnerable species, as well as African felids in general, are essential for their survival in the wild. Here we use the oxygen stable isotopic compositions of cheetah hair to determine origins of cheetah cubs destined for the illegal exotic pet trade by associating individual cubs with predicted δ18O isoscape locations. We found that cheetah cubs most likely originated in East Africa, close to the corridors responsible for this aspect of the illegal wildlife trade to the Middle East. Further refinement of these assignments using a two isotope analysis (δ18O and δ13C values) indicate that these cubs were likely sourced in Southern Ethiopia or possibly as far as Tanzania. We also demonstrate that δ18O values in tissues can provide provenance information in cases where results of δ2H analyses may be obscured by the effects of metabolic routing of nutrients during nursing, starvation, or dehydration. This study demonstrates the utility of stable isotopic tools for conservation and forensic uses for endangered mammalian species.
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13
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Eglite E, Mohm C, Dierking J. Stable isotope analysis in food web research: Systematic review and a vision for the future for the Baltic Sea macro-region. AMBIO 2023; 52:319-338. [PMID: 36269552 PMCID: PMC9589642 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food web research provides essential insights into ecosystem functioning, but practical applications in ecosystem-based management are hampered by a current lack of knowledge synthesis. To address this gap, we provide the first systematic review of ecological studies applying stable isotope analysis, a pivotal method in food web research, in the heavily anthropogenically impacted Baltic Sea macro-region. We identified a thriving research field, with 164 publications advancing a broad range of fundamental and applied research topics, but also found structural shortcomings limiting ecosystem-level understanding. We argue that enhanced collaboration and integration, including the systematic submission of Baltic Sea primary datasets to stable isotope databases, would help to overcome many of the current shortcomings, unify the scattered knowledge base, and promote future food web research and science-based resource management. The effort undertaken here demonstrates the value of macro-regional synthesis, in enhancing access to existing data and supporting strategic planning of research agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvita Eglite
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Clarissa Mohm
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Dierking
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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14
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Génier CSV, Guglielmo CG, Hobson KA. Combining bulk stable H isotope (δ2H) measurements with fatty acid profiles to examine differential use of aquatic vs. terrestrial prey by three sympatric species of aerial insectivorous birds. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial insectivorous songbirds such as swallows and martins have declined substantially in North America in recent decades. Aquatic-emergent insects provide more beneficial omega-3 fatty acids than terrestrial insects, and thus, diet quality is expected to vary among aerial insectivores with differential access to aquatic-emergent insects. We compared the stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) values of feathers and bulk blood plasma fatty acids of nestling purple martins (Progne subis), tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), and barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), at lakeshore and inland sites near Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada. We found that diet quality differed between inland and lakeshore nesting habitats, but differences depended on species. Overall, purple martin and tree swallow nestlings had lower feather δ2H values, indicating a more aquatic-emergent diet, and lakeshore populations of both species had higher omega-3 fatty acid levels in their blood plasma compared to inland populations. Conversely, higher plasma levels of omega-6 fatty acids were found in inland birds. Tree swallows have a low omega-3 conversion efficiency from precursor substrates and so depend on aquatic subsidies to fulfill their nutritional needs. We suggest this may also be the case with purple martins. Barn swallows had the most positive feather δ2H values, regardless of proximity to the lakeshore, indicating a more terrestrial diet. However, barn swallow nestlings had consistently higher plasma omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regardless of nesting location, suggesting that barn swallows can efficiently convert omega-3 precursors into their beneficial elongated fatty acid chains. Our study indicates the benefit of combining plasma fatty acid compositional analyses with bulk feather δ2H values to decipher interspecific differences in adaptations to availability of aquatic-emergent insects.
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Espinasse B, Sturbois A, Basedow SL, Hélaouët P, Johns DG, Newton J, Trueman CN. Temporal dynamics in zooplankton δ13C and δ15N isoscapes for the North Atlantic Ocean: Decadal cycles, seasonality, and implications for predator ecology. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.986082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited amount of ecological data covering offshore parts of the ocean impedes our ability to understand and anticipate the impact of anthropogenic stressors on pelagic marine ecosystems. Isoscapes, i.e., spatial models of the distribution of stable isotope ratios, have been employed in the recent years to investigate spatio-temporal patterns in biogeochemical process and ecological responses. Development of isoscapes on the scale of ocean basins is hampered by access to suitable reference samples. Here we draw on archived material from long-running plankton survey initiatives, to build temporally explicit isoscape models for the North Atlantic Ocean (> 40°N). A total of 570 zooplankton samples were retrieved from Continuous Plankton Recorder archives and analysed for δ13C and δ15N values. Bayesian generalised additive models were developed to (1) model the relations between isotopic values and a set of predictors and (2) predict isotopic values for the whole of the study area. We produced yearly and seasonal isoscape models for the period 1998–2020. These are the first observation-based time-resolved C and N isoscapes developed at the scale of the North Atlantic Ocean. Drawing on the Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis framework, we identify five isotopically distinct regions. We discuss the hydro-biogeochemical processes that likely explain theses modes, the differences in temporal dynamics (stability and cycles) and compare our results with previous bioregionalization efforts. Finally, we lay down the basis for using the isoscapes as a tool to define predator distributions and their interactions with the trophic environment. The isoscapes developed in this study have the potential to update our knowledge of marine predator ecology and therefore our capacity to improve their conservation in the future.
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16
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Heikkinen R, Hämäläinen H, Kiljunen M, Kärkkäinen S, Schilder J, Jones RI. A Bayesian stable isotope mixing model for coping with multiple isotopes, multiple trophic steps and small sample sizes. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risto Heikkinen
- Faculty of Information Technology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Heikki Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Salme Kärkkäinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jos Schilder
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roger I. Jones
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
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17
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Riverón S, Raoult V, Slip DJ, Harcourt RG. Lipid extraction has tissue-dependent effects on isotopic values (δ 34 S, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N) from different marine predators. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9346. [PMID: 35737589 PMCID: PMC9539579 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of sulfur isotopes to study trophic ecology in marine ecosystems has increased in the past decade. Unlike other commonly used isotopes (e.g., carbon), sulfur can better discriminate benthic and pelagic productivity. However, how lipid extraction affects sulfur isotopic values has not been assessed, despite its frequent use to remove lipid effects on δ13 C values. METHODS We used white muscle and liver samples from two species of sharks and skin samples from two species of pinnipeds (sea lion and fur seal) to assess the effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope values for δ34 S, δ13 C, and δ15 N. Isotopic values were determined using a continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer. RESULTS Lipid extraction significantly decreased δ34 S values in shark tissues, more so for liver than muscle (-4.6 ± 0.9‰ vs -0.8 ± 0.3‰, average change), with nearly no change in their standard deviations. Lipid extraction did not affect δ34 S values from pinniped skin samples (0.2 ± 0.8‰, average change). After lipid extraction, consistent increases in δ13 C values (0.2‰-7.3‰) were detected as expected, especially in tissue with high lipid content (C:N >4). After lipid extraction, significant increases in δ15 N values (0.5‰-1.4‰) were found in shark muscle and liver tissues. For pinniped skin samples, δ15 N values were not significantly lower after lipid extraction (-0.4‰ to -0.1‰). CONCLUSIONS Lipid extraction did not have a strong impact on δ34 S values of shark muscle and pinniped skin (≤1‰). However, our results suggest it is essential to consider the effects of lipid extraction when interpreting results from δ34 S values of shark liver tissue, as they significantly depleted values relative to bulk tissue (~5‰). This may reflect selective removal of sulfolipids and glutathione present in higher concentrations in the liver than in muscle and skin and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Riverón
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David J. Slip
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Taronga Institute of Science and LearningTaronga Conservation Society AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robert G. Harcourt
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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18
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Teng W, Maqsood I, Wang H, Ma J, Rong K. Correlation and Influence of Seasonal Variation of Diet with Gut Microbiota Diversity and Metabolism Profile of Chipmunk. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2586. [PMID: 36230327 PMCID: PMC9559678 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamias Sibiricus is the only member of the genus Tamias, a significant and vigorous seed distributor and vital food for their predators. No information is known about the strict diet, gut microbiota structure, and metabolism profile of chipmunks and how they diversify seasonally. The above factors, as well as flexibility toward seasonal shifts, are critical in defining its growth rates, health, survivorship, and population stability. This study explored the diet, gut microbiota composition, and chipmunk metabolism. Additionally, the influence of different seasons was also investigated by using next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that seasons strongly affected a diet: streptophyte accounted for 37% in spring, which was lower than in summer (34.3%) and autumn (31.4%). Further, Ascomycota was observed at 43.8% in spring, which reduced to 36.6% in summer and the lowest (31.3%) in autumn. Whereas, nematodes showed maximum abundance from spring (15.8%) to summer (20.6%) and autumn (24.1%). These results signify the insectivorous nature of the chipmunk in summer and autumn. While herbivorous and fungivorous nature in spring. The DNA analysis revealed that chipmunk mainly feeds on fungi, including Aspergillus and Penicillium genus. Similar to diet composition, the microbiome also exhibited highly significant dissimilarity (p < 0.001, R = 0.235) between spring/autumn and spring/summer seasons. Proteobacteria (35.45%), Firmicutes (26.7%), and Bacteroidetes (23.59%) were shown to be the better discriminators as they contributed the most to causing differences between seasons. Moreover, PICRUSt showed that the assimilation of nutrients were also varied seasonally. The abundance of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, xenobiotics, energy, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolism was higher in spring than in other seasons. Our study illustrates that seasonal reconstruction in the chipmunk diet has a significant role in shaping temporal variations in gut microbial community structure and metabolism profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Iram Maqsood
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ke Rong
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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19
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Keva O, Kiljunen M, Hämäläinen H, Jones RI, Kahilainen KK, Kankaala P, Laine MB, Schilder J, Strandberg U, Vesterinen J, Taipale SJ. Allochthony, fatty acid and mercury trends in muscle of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) along boreal environmental gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155982. [PMID: 35588838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change, including joint effects of increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) in boreal northern lakes may affect food web energy sources and the biochemical composition of organisms. These environmental stressors are enhanced by anthropogenic land-use and can decrease the quality of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in seston and zooplankton, and therefore, possibly cascading up to fish. In contrast, the content of mercury in fish increases with lake browning potentially amplified by intensive forestry practises. However, there is little evidence on how these environmental stressors simultaneously impact beneficial omega-3 fatty acid (n3-FA) and total mercury (THg) content of fish muscle for human consumption. A space-for-time substitution study was conducted to assess whether environmental stressors affect Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) allochthony and muscle nutritional quality [PUFA, THg, and their derivative, the hazard quotient (HQ)]. Perch samples were collected from 31 Finnish lakes along pronounced lake size (0.03-107.5 km2), DOC (5.0-24.3 mg L-1), TP (5-118 μg L-1) and land-use gradients (forest: 50.7-96.4%, agriculture: 0-32.6%). These environmental gradients were combined using principal component analysis (PCA). Allochthony for individual perch was modelled using source and consumer δ2H values. Perch allochthony increased with decreasing lake pH and increasing forest coverage (PC1), but no correlation between lake DOC and perch allochthony was found. Perch muscle THg and omega-6 fatty acid (n6-FA) content increased with PC1 parallel with allochthony. Perch muscle DHA (22:6n3) content decreased, and ALA (18:3n3) increased towards shallower murkier lakes (PC2). Perch allochthony was positively correlated with muscle THg and n6-FA content, but did not correlate with n3-FA content. Hence, the quality of perch muscle for human consumption decreases (increase in HQ) with increasing forest coverage and decreasing pH, potentially mediated by increasing fish allochthony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossi Keva
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roger I Jones
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Paula Kankaala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Miikka B Laine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jos Schilder
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ursula Strandberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jussi Vesterinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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20
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Leppi JC, Rinella DJ, Wipfli MS, Whitman MS. Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) isotopic niches: Stable isotopes reveal diverse foraging strategies and habitat use in Arctic Alaska. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270474. [PMID: 35881611 PMCID: PMC9321764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological niche of some fishes is complicated by their frequent use of a broad range of food resources and habitats across space and time. Little is known about Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) ecological niches in Arctic landscapes even though they are an important subsistence species for Alaska’s Indigenous communities. We investigated the foraging ecology and habitat use of Broad Whitefish via stable isotope analyses of muscle and liver tissue and otoliths from mature fish migrating in the Colville River within Arctic Alaska. The range of δ13C (-31.8– -21.9‰) and δ15N (6.6–13.1‰) across tissue types and among individuals overlapped with isotope values previously observed in Arctic lakes and rivers, estuaries, and nearshore marine habitat. The large range of δ18O (4.5–10.9‰) and δD (-237.6– -158.9‰) suggests fish utilized a broad spectrum of habitats across elevational and latitudinal gradients. Cluster analysis of muscle δ13Cˈ, δ15N, δ18O, and δD indicated that Broad Whitefish occupied four different foraging niches that relied on marine and land-based (i.e., freshwater and terrestrial) food sources to varying degrees. Most individuals had isotopic signatures representative of coastal freshwater habitat (Group 3; 25%) or coastal lagoon and delta habitat (Group 1; 57%), while individuals that mainly utilized inland freshwater (Group 4; 4%) and nearshore marine habitats (Group 2; 14%) represented smaller proportions. Otolith microchemistry confirmed that individuals with more enriched muscle tissue δ13Cˈ, δD, and δ18O tended to use marine habitats, while individuals that mainly used freshwater habitats had values that were less enriched. The isotopic niches identified here represent important foraging habitats utilized by Broad Whitefish. To preserve access to these diverse habitats it will be important to limit barriers along nearshore areas and reduce impacts like roads and climate change on natural flow regimes. Maintaining these diverse connected habitats will facilitate long-term population stability, buffering populations from future environmental and anthropogenic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Leppi
- Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
- Research Department, The Wilderness Society, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Daniel J. Rinella
- Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Wipfli
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Whitman
- Arctic District Office, Bureau of Land Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
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21
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Alp M, Cucherousset J. Food webs speak of human impact: Using stable isotope-based tools to measure ecological consequences of environmental change. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Gharibi H, Chernobrovkin AL, Eriksson G, Saei AA, Timmons Z, Kitchener AC, Kalthoff DC, Lidén K, Makarov AA, Zubarev RA. Abnormal (Hydroxy)proline Deuterium Content Redefines Hydrogen Chemical Mass. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2484-2487. [PMID: 35107291 PMCID: PMC8855419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Analyzing the δ2H values in individual amino acids
of proteins extracted from vertebrates, we unexpectedly found in some
samples, notably bone collagen from seals, more than twice as much
deuterium in proline and hydroxyproline residues than in seawater.
This corresponds to at least 4 times higher δ2H than
in any previously reported biogenic sample. We ruled out diet as a
plausible mechanism for such anomalous enrichment. This finding puts
into question the old adage that “you are what you eat”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Gharibi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey L Chernobrovkin
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Pelago Bioscience, SE-171 48 Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Eriksson
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zena Timmons
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, U.K
| | - Andrew C Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, U.K
| | - Daniela C Kalthoff
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lidén
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow 115478, Russia
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23
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Marker J, Lafage D, Bergman E, Bowes RE. Greater than the sum of your parts: Nonlethal stable isotope sampling methods in spiders. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Marker
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
| | - Denis Lafage
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
- UMR Ecobio, Université de Rennes Rennes Cedex France
| | - Eva Bergman
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
| | - Rachel E. Bowes
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences Emporia State University Emporia Kansas USA
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A 3-D groundwater isoscape of the contiguous USA for forensic and water resource science. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261651. [PMID: 34995313 PMCID: PMC8741010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of hydrological, ecological, environmental, and forensic science applications rely on predictive “isoscape” maps to provide estimates of the hydrogen or oxygen isotopic compositions of environmental water sources. Many water isoscapes have been developed, but few studies have produced isoscapes specifically representing groundwaters. None of these have represented distinct subsurface layers and isotopic variations across them. Here we compiled >6 million well completion records and >27,000 groundwater isotope datapoints to develop a space- and depth-explicit water isoscape for the contiguous United States. This 3-dimensional model shows that vertical isotopic heterogeneity in the subsurface is substantial in some parts of the country and that groundwater isotope delta values often differ from those of coincident precipitation or surface water resources; many of these patterns can be explained by established hydrological and hydrogeological mechanisms. We validate the groundwater isoscape against an independent data set of tap water values and show that the model accurately predicts tap water values in communities known to use groundwater resources. This new approach represents a foundation for further developments and the resulting isoscape should provide improved predictions of water isotope values in systems where groundwater is a known or potential water source.
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Brewer CT, Rauch-Davis WA, Fraser EE. The Use of Intrinsic Markers for Studying the Migratory Movements of Bats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3477. [PMID: 34944252 PMCID: PMC8698158 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality of migratory bat species at wind energy facilities is a well-documented phenomenon, and mitigation and management are partially constrained by the current limited knowledge of bat migratory movements. Analyses of biochemical signatures in bat tissues ("intrinsic markers") can provide information about the migratory origins of individual bats. Many tissue samples for intrinsic marker analysis may be collected from living and dead bats, including carcasses collected at wind energy facilities. In this paper, we review the full suite of available intrinsic marker analysis techniques that may be used to study bat migration, with the goal of summarizing the current literature and highlighting knowledge gaps and opportunities. We discuss applications of the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur; radiogenic strontium isotopes; trace elements and contaminants; and the combination of these markers with each other and with other extrinsic markers. We further discuss the tissue types that may be analyzed for each and provide a synthesis of the generalized workflow required to link bats to origins using intrinsic markers. While stable hydrogen isotope techniques have clearly been the leading approach to infer migratory bat movement patterns across the landscape, here we emphasize a variety of lesser used intrinsic markers (i.e., strontium, trace elements, contaminants) that may address new study areas or answer novel research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin E. Fraser
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (C.T.B.); (W.A.R.-D.)
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Experimental Evaluation of δ2H, δ13C and δ15N Variability in Blood and Feathers of Wild and Captive Birds: Implications for Interspecific Food Web Studies. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable-hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and carbon (δ13C) isotopes are used to decipher broad movement patterns and trophic relationships among diverse species, and an improved understanding of factors controlling natural variation in tissue-isotope measurements will enhance these applications. To evaluate the rearing environment and family-related effects on the isotopic composition of tissues, we cross-fostered nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor, Vieillot 1808) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius, Linnaeus 1758) by swapping recently hatched birds (<4 days old) among nest boxes and collecting blood and feathers prior to fledging. To assess developmental effects, we measured δ2H in blood and feathers of captive mallard (Anas platyrhynchos, Linnaeus 1758) ducklings challenged energetically during growth. Stable isotope composition was not strongly related to nest box type or natal nest (i.e., family of origin) effects in swallows and kestrels; tissue-isotope composition was related to rearing environment, indicative of differences in nest and parental quality or parental provisioning tactics. Blood and feather δ2H values in swallows were positively related to antecedent maximum ambient temperature, and unrelated to elevated energy expenditure in mallards. The average differences between δ2H in blood and feathers were similar for nestling swallows (27‰, 32‰; two sites) and mallards (26‰, 30‰; two age groups), and lower than in nestling kestrels (50‰). Strong species-specific patterns in blood-feather differences were not observed for δ15N and δ13C in swallows or kestrels; divergent δ2H results may be related to differences in nest ambient conditions, diet composition, or physiological processes affecting hydrogen assimilation during growth and feather synthesis. In swallows, tissue-isotope values reflected parental prey selection from spatially distinct food webs during nestling development with little effect(s) of family of origin, egg composition, or early growth.
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Crowley BE, Bataille CP, Haak BA, Sommer KM. Identifying nesting grounds for juvenile migratory birds with dual isotope: an initial test using North American raptors. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Crowley
- Department of Geology University of Cincinnati 500 Geology Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Cincinnati 481 Braunstein Hall Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Clément P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Advanced Research Complex University of Ottawa 25 Templeton Street University Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Bruce A. Haak
- Independent Researcher 2522 Park Lane Eagle Idaho 83616 USA
| | - Kaitlin M. Sommer
- Department of Geology University of Cincinnati 500 Geology Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
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Cooper-Mullin C, Carter WA, Amato RS, Podlesak D, McWilliams SR. Dietary vitamin E reaches the mitochondria in the flight muscle of zebra finches but only if they exercise. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253264. [PMID: 34181660 PMCID: PMC8238215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary antioxidants are effective for alleviating oxidative costs associated with energy-demanding life events first requires they are successfully absorbed in the digestive tract and transported to sites associated with reactive species production (e.g. the mitochondria). Flying birds are under high energy and oxidative demands, and although birds commonly ingest dietary antioxidants in the wild, the bioavailability of these consumed antioxidants is poorly understood. We show for the first time that an ingested lipophilic antioxidant, α-tocopherol, reached the mitochondria in the flight muscles of a songbird but only if they regularly exercise (60 min of perch-to-perch flights two times in a day or 8.5 km day-1). Deuterated α-tocopherol was found in the blood of exercise-trained zebra finches within 6.5 hrs and in isolated mitochondria from pectoral muscle within 22.5 hrs, but never reached the mitochondria in caged sedentary control birds. This rapid pace (within a day) and extent of metabolic routing of a dietary antioxidant to muscle mitochondria means that daily consumption of such dietary sources can help to pay the inevitable oxidative costs of flight muscle metabolism, but only when combined with regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cooper-Mullin
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Wales A. Carter
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Amato
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - David Podlesak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Scott R. McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
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29
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On the Use of Stable Hydrogen Isotope Measurements (δ2H) to Discern Trophic Level in Avian Terrestrial Food Webs. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H) in animal tissues is a popular means of inferring spatial origins and migratory connections. However, the use of this isotope to infer diet and potentially trophic position remains poorly understood, especially in non-aquatic terrestrial ecosystems. In many animal communities, tissue δ15N values are strongly associated with trophic position. Correlations between tissue δ2H and δ15N are expected, then, if δ2H is affected by trophic enrichment of 2H. In addition, within sites, we would expect higher tissue δ2H values in insectivorous species compared to granivores or nectarivores. We tested these hypotheses for two resident avian communities in Nigeria consisting of 30 species representing a range of dietary guilds (granivores, frugivores, nectarivores, omnivores, insectivores) by comparing feather δ2H, δ15N and δ13C values. We found considerable isotopic overlap among all guilds except granivores, with no clear pattern of enrichment in 2H with trophic position. However, at one of our sites (open scrubland), feather δ2H was positively correlated with feather δ15N (R2 = 0.30) compared to a closed canopy forest site (R2 = 0.09). Our results indicate weak evidence for predictable trophic enrichment in 2H in terrestrial environments and indicate that controlled studies are now required to definitively elucidate the behavior of H isotopes in terrestrial food webs.
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A Multi-Elements Isotope Approach to Assess the Geographic Provenance of Manila Clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum) via Recombining Appropriate Elements. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030646. [PMID: 33803809 PMCID: PMC8003290 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global consumption of seafood has led to increased trade among nations, accompanied by mislabeling and fraudulent practices that have rendered authentication crucial. The multi-isotope ratio analysis is considered as applicable tool for evaluating geographical authentications but requires information and experience to select target elements such as isotopes, through a distinction method based on differences in habitat and physiology due to origin. The present study examined recombination conditions of multi-elements that facilitated geographically distinct classifications of the clams to sort out appropriate elements. Briefly, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) analysis was performed according to several combinations of five stable isotopes (carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δD), and sulfur (δ34S)) and two radiogenic elements (strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and neodymium (143Nd/144Nd)), and the geographical classification results of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea), Korea and China were compared. In conclusion, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with at least four elements (C, N, O, and S) including S revealed a remarkable cluster distribution of the clams. These findings expanded the application of systematic multi-elements analyses, including stable and radiogenic isotopes, to trace the origins of R. philippinarum collected from the Korea, China, and DPR Korea.
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Naddafi R, Hajizadeh Koupayeh N, Ghorbani R. Spatial and temporal variations in stable isotope values (δ 13C and δ 15N) of the primary and secondary consumers along the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112001. [PMID: 33485017 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variations in stable isotope values of the coastal communities in the Caspian Sea remain poorly understood. We followed carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of primary (gammarids) and secondary (common carp) consumers at four sites with different organic matter loadings along the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea from May to November 2019. Consumers from the site receiving higher sewage effluent and aquaculture wastes were more enriched in δ15N whereas those from the site receiving lower terrestrial-derived organic matter had enriched δ13C values. Trophic position of consumers varied among sites as a function of organic matter inputs but was independent of month. The observed temporal and spatial variations in the stable isotope values and C:N ratios of the primary and secondary consumers with regards to organic matter loadings, suggesting a possible effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the Caspian Sea ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Naddafi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Division of Coastal Research, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden.
| | - Nazila Hajizadeh Koupayeh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Division of Coastal Research, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Rasoul Ghorbani
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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32
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Elliott KH, Braune BM, Elliott JE. Beyond bulk δ 15N: Combining a suite of stable isotopic measures improves the resolution of the food webs mediating contaminant signals across space, time and communities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 148:106370. [PMID: 33476789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Top predators are used as indicators of contaminant trends across space and time. However, signals are integrated over complex food webs, and variation in diet may confound such signals. Trophic position, assessed by bulk δ15N, is widely used to infer the variation in diet relevant to contamination, yet a single variable cannot completely describe complex food webs. Thus, we examined relationships across three aquatic systems varying from a single species to a small food web using bulk values from four isotopes and 21 amino acid-specific values. Because variation in baseline ('source') δ15N can confound estimates of trophic position , we calculated trophic position from the difference between δ15Ntrophic (δ15N for amino acids that change with trophic position) and δ15Nsource (δ15N for amino acids that do not change with trophic position). Across all three systems, variation in δ15Nsource explained over half of the variation in bulk δ15N, and stable isotope values that reflected the base of the food web (δ13C, δ18O, δ34S) predicted contaminants as well or better than δ15N-which was supported by a meta-analysis of other studies. In ospreys feeding in lakes, variation in δ15Nsource across space created a spurious relationship between ΣDDT and apparent trophic position, and masked a relationship between ΣPCB and trophic position. In a seabird guild, changes in diet over time obscured temporal variation in contaminants over five decades. In Arctic fish and invertebrates, more accurate trophic magnification factors were calculated using δ15Ntrophic-source. Thus, (1) using δ15Ntrophic-source, instead of bulk δ15N, avoided incorrect conclusions and improved accuracy of trophic magnification factors necessary to assess risk to top predators; and (2) diet assessed with multiple spatial isotopes, rather than δ15N alone, was essential to understand patterns in contaminants across space, time and biological communities. Trophic position was most important for lipophilic 'legacy' contaminants (ΣDDT, ΣPCB) and habitat was most important for other contaminants (ΣPBDE, ΣPFAS, mercury). We argue that the use of amino acid-specific analysis of δ15N alongside 'non-trophic' isotopes should be a core feature of any study that examines the influence of trophic position on chemical pollution, as required for a chemical to be added to international conventions such as the Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Birgit M Braune
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta V4K 3N2, Canada
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Génier CSV, Guglielmo CG, Mitchell GW, Falconer M, Hobson KA. Nutritional consequences of breeding away from riparian habitats in Bank Swallows: new evidence from multiple endogenous markers. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa140. [PMID: 33532072 PMCID: PMC7836397 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia), a threatened species in Canada, breeds primarily in banks at lakeshores and rivers and in artificial (typically inland) aggregate mining pits. Inland pits may be ecological traps for this species, but relative dietary trade-offs between these two nesting habitats have not been investigated. The availability of aquatic emergent insects at lakeshores may have associated nutritional benefits for growing nestlings due to increased omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in prey. We compared the diets of juvenile swallows from lakeshore and inland pit sites using assays of stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H) of feathers, faecal DNA metabarcoding and blood plasma FAs. Colony proximity to Lake Erie influenced the use of aquatic versus terrestrial insects by Bank Swallow adults and juveniles. Feather δ2H was particularly useful as a tracer of aquatic emergent versus terrestrial prey, and inland juveniles had feathers enriched in 2H, reflective of diets composed of fewer aquatic emergent insects. DNA metabarcoding of juvenile and adult faecal material indicated that lakeshore birds consumed more aquatic-emergent chironomids than inland birds. Lakeshore juveniles had elevated plasma omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid levels compared with inland pit-breeding birds. We discuss the need to consider 'nutritional landscapes' and the importance of this concept in conservation of declining species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine S V Génier
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Myles Falconer
- Birds Canada, 115 Front Rd., P.O. Box 160, Port Rowan, Ontario N0E 1M0, Canada
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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Anparasan L, Hobson KA. Tracing sources of carbon and hydrogen to stored lipids in migratory passerines using stable isotope (δ 13C, δ 2H) measurements. Oecologia 2021; 195:37-49. [PMID: 33389017 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using measurements of naturally occurring stable isotopes in feathers to determine avian origin and migratory patterns is well established. However, isotopically determining nutritional origins of lipids, a major migratory fuel, has not been attempted. This study explores isotopic links between diet and stored lipids in captive white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) by providing isotopically distinct mixtures of carbohydrates/oils and drinking water and assessing the δ13C and δ2H values of stored lipid, breath CO2 (δ13C) and breath water vapour (δ2H). Stored lipid δ13C and δ2H values correlated with the isotopic values found in dietary carbohydrates/oils and drinking water treatments, respectively, indicating a clear traceable transfer of environmental dietary isotopic signals into body lipids. Dietary oils and carbohydrates contributed 80-82% of carbon and 44-46% of hydrogen, respectively, to stored lipids. Drinking water contributed 18-28% of hydrogen to stored lipids. Isotopic relationships were quantifiable using linear calibration algorithms which provide the basis for the construction of tissue isoscapes for migratory passerines. Breath CO2 δ13C values and breath water vapour δ2H values for fed and fasted birds reflected dietary sources. Breath CO2 δ13C values were higher for fasted birds than for fed birds by an average of 4.5‰ while breath water vapour δ2H values were lower for fasted birds by an average of 48.9‰. These results indicate that lipids and metabolites from their subsequent breakdown for fuel isotopically reflect dietary sources but complicate interpretation of such data, especially for wild migrating birds. Applications and limitations of these findings to the creation of "liposcapes" are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libesha Anparasan
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
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Wommack EA, Marrack LC, Mambelli S, Hull JM, Dawson TE. Using oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes to track the migratory movement of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226318. [PMID: 33201878 PMCID: PMC7671529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratory A. striatus caught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from geographically different natal populations. We applied stable isotope analysis of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (isoscapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. Novel relationships were assessed between the measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of feathers from A. striatus museum specimens of known origin and the isoscape modeled hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The birds from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations, with birds from the Pacific Coast Migratory Flyway showing broader natal geographic origins than those from the Intermountain Flyway. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts of A. striatus in western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Wommack
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming Museum of Vertebrates, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Golden Gate Raptor Observatory, Sausalito, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa C. Marrack
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stefania Mambelli
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Hull
- Golden Gate Raptor Observatory, Sausalito, California, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Belle S, Cabana G. Effects of changes in isotopic baselines on the evaluation of food web structure using isotopic functional indices. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9999. [PMID: 33173615 PMCID: PMC7594636 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess whether ecological inferences from isotopic functional indices (IFIs) are impacted by changes in isotopic baselines in aquatic food webs. We used sudden CO2-outgassing and associated shifts in DIC-δ13C brought by waterfalls as an excellent natural experimental set-up to quantify impacts of changes in algal isotopic baselines on ecological inferences from IFIs. Methods Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic ratios of invertebrate communities sharing similar structure were measured at above- and below-waterfall sampling sites from five rivers and streams in Southern Quebec (Canada). For each sampled invertebrate community, the six Laymans IFIs were then calculated in the δ -space (δ13C vs. δ15N). Results As expected, isotopic functional richness indices, measuring the overall extent of community trophic space, were strongly sensitive to changes in isotopic baselines unlike other IFIs. Indeed, other IFIs were calculated based on the distribution of species within δ-space and were not strongly impacted by changes in the vertical or horizontal distribution of specimens in the δ-space. Our results highlighted that IFIs exhibited different sensitivities to changes in isotopic baselines, leading to potential misinterpretations of IFIs in river studies where isotopic baselines generally show high temporal and spatial variabilities. The identification of isotopic baselines and their associated variability, and the use of independent trophic tracers to identify the actual energy pathways through food webs must be a prerequisite to IFIs-based studies to strengthen the reliability of ecological inferences of food web structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Belle
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants-Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Gilbert Cabana
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants-Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Stable Isotopes Clearly Track Mangrove Inputs and Food Web Changes Along a Reforestation Gradient. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hamzić Gregorčič S, Potočnik D, Camin F, Ogrinc N. Milk Authentication: Stable Isotope Composition of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Milks and Their Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:E4000. [PMID: 32887306 PMCID: PMC7504733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarises the isotopic characteristics, i.e., oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, of Slovenian milk and its major constituents: water, casein, and lactose. In parallel, the stable oxygen isotope ratios of cow, sheep, and goat's milk were compared. Oxygen stable isotope ratios in milk water show seasonal variability and are also 18O enriched in relation to animal drinking water. The δ18Owater values were higher in sheep and goat's milk when compared to cow milk, reflecting the isotopic composition of drinking water source and the effect of differences in the animal's thermoregulatory physiologies. The relationship between δ18Omilk and δ18Olactose is an indication that even at lower amounts (>7%) of added water to milk can be determined. This procedure once validated on an international scale could become a reference method for the determination of milk adulteration with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staša Hamzić Gregorčič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chételat J, Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Hebert CE. Methylmercury exposure in wildlife: A review of the ecological and physiological processes affecting contaminant concentrations and their interpretation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135117. [PMID: 31831233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) can result in detrimental health effects in wildlife. With advances in ecological indicators and analytical techniques for measurement of MeHg in a variety of tissues, numerous processes have been identified that can influence MeHg concentrations in wildlife. This review presents a synthesis of theoretical principals and applied information for measuring MeHg exposure and interpreting MeHg concentrations in wildlife. Mercury concentrations in wildlife are the net result of ecological processes influencing dietary exposure combined with physiological processes that regulate assimilation, transformation, and elimination. Therefore, consideration of both physiological and ecological processes should be integrated when formulating biomonitoring strategies. Ecological indicators, particularly stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, compound-specific stable isotopes, and fatty acids, can be effective tools to evaluate dietary MeHg exposure. Animal species differ in their physiological capacity for MeHg elimination, and animal tissues can be inert or physiologically active, act as sites of storage, transformation, or excretion of MeHg, and vary in the timing of MeHg exposure they represent. Biological influences such as age, sex, maternal transfer, and growth or fasting are also relevant for interpretation of tissue MeHg concentrations. Wildlife tissues that represent current or near-term bioaccumulation and in which MeHg is the predominant mercury species (such as blood and eggs) are most effective for biomonitoring ecosystems and understanding landscape drivers of MeHg exposure. Further research is suggested to critically evaluate the use of keratinized external tissues to measure MeHg bioaccumulation, particularly for less-well studied wildlife such as reptiles and terrestrial mammals. Suggested methods are provided to effectively use wildlife for quantifying patterns and drivers of MeHg bioaccumulation over time and space, as well as for assessing the potential risk and toxicological effects of MeHg on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chételat
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620, United States
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States
| | - Craig E Hebert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
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Gauffier P, Borrell A, Silva MA, Víkingsson GA, López A, Giménez J, Colaço A, Halldórsson SD, Vighi M, Prieto R, de Stephanis R, Aguilar A. Wait your turn, North Atlantic fin whales share a common feeding ground sequentially. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104884. [PMID: 32072986 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly migratory marine species pose a challenge for the identification of management units due to the absence of clear oceanographic barriers. The population structure of North Atlantic fin whales has been investigated since the start of whaling operations but is still the subject of an ongoing scientific debate. Here we measured stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in skin samples collected from 151 individuals from western Iceland, Galicia (NW Spain), the Azores archipelago and the Strait of Gibraltar (SoG). We found spatiotemporal differences in stable isotope ratios suggesting that fin whales sampled in these four areas may share a common feeding ground within the Northeast Atlantic at different times during the year. Our results also suggest that SoG whales use this common feeding ground in summer but exploit Mediterranean resources during the winter months, further supporting the existence of a limited but current exchange of individuals between these two basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gauffier
- CIRCE, Cabeza de Manzaneda, 3, 11390, Pelayo, Algeciras, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica A Silva
- Okeanos Centre & Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Gísli A Víkingsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Alfredo López
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamíferos Mariños (CEMMA), P.O. Box 15, 36380, Pontevedra, Gondomar, Spain
| | - Joan Giménez
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Maritim 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; MaREI Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy, Environmental Research Institute, Beaufort Building, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, T23 N73K Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Colaço
- Okeanos Centre & Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | | | - Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Prieto
- Okeanos Centre & Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR, Institute of Marine Research, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Renaud de Stephanis
- CIRCE, Cabeza de Manzaneda, 3, 11390, Pelayo, Algeciras, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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McCue MD, Javal M, Clusella‐Trullas S, Le Roux JJ, Jackson MC, Ellis AG, Richardson DM, Valentine AJ, Terblanche JS. Using stable isotope analysis to answer fundamental questions in invasion ecology: Progress and prospects. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D. McCue
- Sable Systems International Las Vegas NV USA
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Marion Javal
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Susana Clusella‐Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University NSW Australia
| | - Michelle C. Jackson
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
- Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford UK
| | - Allan G. Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Alex J. Valentine
- Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
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Mechanistic model predicts tissue–environment relationships and trophic shifts in animal hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios. Oecologia 2019; 191:777-789. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fox MD, Elliott Smith EA, Smith JE, Newsome SD. Trophic plasticity in a common reef‐building coral: Insights from δ13C analysis of essential amino acids. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Fox
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Seth D. Newsome
- Biology Department University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
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Brett MT, Holtgrieve GW, Schindler DE. An assessment of assumptions and uncertainty in deuterium-based estimates of terrestrial subsidies to aquatic consumers. Ecology 2019; 99:1073-1088. [PMID: 29714826 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The deuterium ratio (2 H/1 H) in tissue is often used to estimate terrestrial subsidies to aquatic consumers because of strongly differentiated values between terrestrial and aquatic primary producers. However, quantitative deuterium-based analyses of terrestrial resource assimilation are highly dependent on several poorly defined assumptions. We explored the sensitivity of these estimates to assumptions regarding environmental water contributions to consumer deuterium content (ω) and algal photosynthetic hydrogen discrimination (εH ). We also tested whether 13 C/12 C and 2 H/1 H-based estimates of terrestrial resource assimilation give similar outcomes. The average of the 12 experiments that have directly estimated proportional contributions of environmental water to consumer tissue 2 H/1 H was 0.27 ± 0.11 (mean ± SD), with similar values for invertebrates and fish. Conversely, of the 28 field studies that have used 2 H/1 H to characterize aquatic food webs, all but one assume a value that is less than our current best estimate, usually substantially less. A reanalysis of the raw data from four recent case studies indicates the calculated terrestrial contribution to aquatic consumers is extremely sensitive to this assumption. When the authors' original assumptions were used (i.e., ω = 0.16 ± 0.05), the estimated proportional contribution of terrestrial resources to aquatic consumers (θT ) averaged 29 ± 17%, and when ω = 0.27 was used the average estimated assimilation of allochthonous resources was ≈0.00. A compilation of published photosynthetic hydrogen discrimination values for microalgae averaged εH = -150 ± 27‰ (SD, n = 99), and a sensitivity analysis showed the outcomes of these calculations were also strongly influenced by uncertainty in εH . There was no statistical association between 13 C/12 C and 2 H/1 H-based estimates of terrestrial subsidies (r = -0.12, n = 274). This analysis indicates that the assumptions in deuterium-based estimates of terrestrial resource assimilation are highly influential but poorly constrained; therefore, the impact of these assumptions on calculated outputs must be carefully assessed and thoroughly reported. Due to the highly uncertain assumptions inherent in deuterium-based analyses, we urge much more caution when using this approach to estimate terrestrial subsidies to consumers in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Gordon W Holtgrieve
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Daniel E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
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Soto DX, Decru E, Snoeks J, Verheyen E, Van de Walle L, Bamps J, Mambo T, Bouillon S. Terrestrial contributions to Afrotropical aquatic food webs: The Congo River case. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10746-10757. [PMID: 31624578 PMCID: PMC6787788 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the degree to which aquatic and terrestrial primary production fuel tropical aquatic food webs remains poorly understood, and quantifying the relative contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous inputs is methodologically challenging. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ 13C, δ 15N) can provide valuable insights about contributions of terrestrial resources and trophic position, respectively, but this approach has caveats when applied in typical complex natural food webs.Here, we used a combination of C, N, and H (δ 2H) stable isotope measurements and Bayesian mixing models to estimate the contribution of terrestrial (allochthonous) and aquatic (autochthonous) inputs to fish and invertebrate communities in the Congo River (and some tributaries).Overall, our results show that we gained power to distinguish sources by using a multiple tracer approach and we were able to discriminate aquatic versus terrestrial sources (esp. including hydrogen isotopes). Fish δ 2H values were clearly correlated with their food preferences and revealed a high level of variation in the degree of allochthony in these tropical aquatic communities.At the community level, it is clear that terrestrial C3 plants are an important source fueling the Congo River food web. However, in order to better constrain source contribution in these complex environments will require more robust constraints on stable isotope values of algal and methane-derived C sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X. Soto
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Eva Decru
- Section Vertebrates, IchthyologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Section Vertebrates, IchthyologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Erik Verheyen
- OD Taxonomy and PhylogenyRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium
- Department Biology, Evolutionary EcologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Lora Van de Walle
- Section Vertebrates, IchthyologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Jolien Bamps
- Section Vertebrates, IchthyologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Taylor Mambo
- Centre de Surveillance de la BiodiversitéUniversité de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Steven Bouillon
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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Erdozain M, Kidd K, Kreutzweiser D, Sibley P. Increased reliance of stream macroinvertebrates on terrestrial food sources linked to forest management intensity. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01889. [PMID: 30929306 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how forest management practices affect the relative importance of autochthonous vs. allochthonous resource use by headwater stream food webs is relatively poor. To address this, we used stable isotope (C, N, and H) analyses of food sources and macroinvertebrates from 15 streams in New Brunswick (Canada) and assessed how different catchment conditions arising from the gradient in forest management intensity affect the contribution of autochthonous resources to these food webs. Aquatic primary production contributed substantially to the biomass of invertebrates in these headwater streams, especially for scrapers and collector-gatherers (25-75%). However, the contribution of algae to food webs decreased as forest management intensity (road density and associated sediments, water cations/carbon, and dissolved organic matter humification) increased, and as canopy openness decreased. This trend was probably due to an increase in the delivery of organic and inorganic terrestrial materials (dissolved and in suspension) in areas of greater harvesting intensity and road density, which resulted in more heterotrophic biofilms. Overall, results suggest that, despite the presence of riparian buffers, forest management can affect stream food web structure via changes in energy flows, and that increased protection should be directed at minimizing ground disturbance in areas with direct hydrological connection to streams and at reducing dissolved and particulate matter inputs from roads and stream crossings in catchments with high degrees of management activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Erdozain
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Karen Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
- Department of Biology, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Kreutzweiser
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Paul Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Majdi N, Hette-Tronquart N, Auclair E, Bec A, Chouvelon T, Cognie B, Danger M, Decottignies P, Dessier A, Desvilettes C, Dubois S, Dupuy C, Fritsch C, Gaucherel C, Hedde M, Jabot F, Lefebvre S, Marzloff MP, Pey B, Peyrard N, Powolny T, Sabbadin R, Thébault E, Perga ME. There's no harm in having too much: A comprehensive toolbox of methods in trophic ecology. FOOD WEBS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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Assimilation and discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a terrestrial mammal. Oecologia 2018; 188:381-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- und tritiummarkierte Verbindungen: Anwendungen in den modernen Biowissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
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