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Krieg S, Konrad M, Krieg A, Kostev K. What Is the Link between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Dyslipidemia in Adults? A German Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4460. [PMID: 39124726 PMCID: PMC11312942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations in the serum lipid profile have been suspected in many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. However, studies on lipid status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are sparse and inconsistent. Methods: Using the nationwide, population-based IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, this retrospective cohort study included 5367 outpatients from general practices in Germany aged ≥18 years with a documented first diagnosis of ADHD between January 2005 and December 2021 and 26,835 propensity score-matched individuals without ADHD. Study outcomes were the first diagnosis of lipid metabolism disorders as a function of ADHD within up to 10 years of the index date. The cumulative 10-year incidence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using the log-rank test. In addition, univariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: In the regression analysis, there was no significant association between ADHD and subsequent lipid metabolism disorders in the total population (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.83-1.08), among women (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.84-1.28), and among men (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74-1.06). In addition, no significant association was observed in the disease-stratified analyses. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that ADHD does not exert an influence on lipid metabolism. However, further investigation is warranted, particularly with respect to pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Krieg
- Department of Inclusive Medicine, University Hospital Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Bielefeld University, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Konrad
- Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Proctology, University Hospital Herford, Medical Campus OWL, Ruhr University Bochum, 32049 Herford, Germany;
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Chen R, Wang P, Xie J, Tang Z, Fu J, Ning Y, Zhong Q, Wang D, Lei M, Mai H, Li H, Shi Z, Wang J, Cheng H. A multifunctional injectable, self-healing, and adhesive hydrogel-based wound dressing stimulated diabetic wound healing with combined reactive oxygen species scavenging, hyperglycemia reducing, and bacteria-killing abilities. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:444. [PMID: 39068417 PMCID: PMC11283728 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The proficient handling of diabetic wounds, a rising issue coinciding with the global escalation of diabetes cases, poses significant clinical difficulties. A range of biofunctional dressings have been engineered and produced to expedite the healing process of diabetic wounds. This study proposes a multifunctional hydrogel dressing for diabetic wound healing, which is composed of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and N1-(4-boronobenzyl)-N3-(4-boronophenyl)-N1, N1, N3, N3-teramethylpropane-1, 3-diaminium (TSPBA), and a dual-drug loaded Gelatin methacryloyl (GM) microgel. The GM microgel is loaded with sodium fusidate (SF) and nanoliposomes (LP) that contain metformin hydrochloride (MH). Notably, adhesive and self-healing properties the hydrogel enhance their therapeutic potential and ease of application. In vitro assessments indicate that SF-infused hydrogel can eliminate more than 98% of bacteria within 24 h and maintain a sustained release over 15 days. Additionally, MH incorporated within the hydrogel has demonstrated effective glucose level regulation for a duration exceeding 15 days. The hydrogel demonstrates a sustained ability to neutralize ROS throughout the entire healing process, predominantly by electron donation and sequestration. This multifunctional hydrogel dressing, which integrated biological functions of efficient bactericidal activity against both MSSA and MRSA strains, blood glucose modulation, and control of active oxygen levels, has successfully promoted the healing of diabetic wounds in rats in 14 days. The hydrogel dressing exhibited significant effectiveness in facilitating the healing process of diabetic wounds, highlighting its considerable promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pinkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zinan Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinlang Fu
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanhong Ning
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingyuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huaming Mai
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Shastri GG, Sudre G, Ahn K, Jung B, Kolachana B, Auluck PK, Elnitski L, Marenco S, Shaw P. Cortico-striatal differences in the epigenome in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38605038 PMCID: PMC11009227 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While epigenetic modifications have been implicated in ADHD through studies of peripheral tissue, to date there has been no examination of the epigenome of the brain in the disorder. To address this gap, we mapped the methylome of the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex in post-mortem tissue from fifty-eight individuals with or without ADHD. While no single probe showed adjusted significance in differential methylation, several differentially methylated regions emerged. These regions implicated genes involved in developmental processes including neurogenesis and the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and glial cells. We demonstrate a significant association between differentially methylated genes in the caudate and genes implicated by GWAS not only in ADHD but also in autistic spectrum, obsessive compulsive and bipolar affective disorders through GWAS. Using transcriptomic data available on the same subjects, we found modest correlations between the methylation and expression of genes. In conclusion, this study of the cortico-striatal methylome points to gene and gene pathways involved in neurodevelopment, consistent with studies of common and rare genetic variation, as well as the post-mortem transcriptome in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri G Shastri
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kolachana
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Laura Elnitski
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Custodio RJP, Hengstler JG, Cheong JH, Kim HJ, Wascher E, Getzmann S. Adult ADHD: it is old and new at the same time - what is it? Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:225-241. [PMID: 37813870 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of studies aiming to improve comprehension of ADHD pathology has increased in recent years, there still is an urgent need for more effective studies, particularly in understanding adult ADHD, both at preclinical and clinical levels, due to the increasing evidence that adult ADHD is highly distinct and a different entity from childhood ADHD. This review paper outlines the symptoms, diagnostics, and neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD, with emphasis on how adult ADHD could be different from childhood-onset. Data show a difference in the environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and brain structural changes, when combined, could greatly impact the behavioral presentations and the severity of ADHD in adults. Furthermore, a crucial aspect in the quest to fully understand this disorder could be through longitudinal analysis. In this way, we will determine if and how the pathology and pharmacology of ADHD change with age. This goal could revolutionize our understanding of the disorder and address the weaknesses in the current clinical classification systems, improving the characterization and validity of ADHD diagnosis, specifically those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- Networking Group Aging, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Systems Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Experimental Ergonomics, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Networking Group Aging, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
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Coppens G, Vanhorebeek I, Verlinden I, Derese I, Wouters PJ, Joosten KF, Verbruggen SC, Güiza F, Van den Berghe G. Assessment of aberrant DNA methylation two years after paediatric critical illness: a pre-planned secondary analysis of the international PEPaNIC trial. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2146966. [PMID: 36384393 PMCID: PMC9980627 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2146966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill children requiring intensive care suffer from impaired physical/neurocognitive development 2 y later, partially preventable by omitting early use of parenteral nutrition (early-PN) in the paediatric intensive-care-unit (PICU). Altered methylation of DNA from peripheral blood during PICU-stay provided a molecular basis hereof. Whether DNA-methylation of former PICU patients, assessed 2 y after critical illness, is different from that of healthy children remained unknown. In a pre-planned secondary analysis of the PEPaNIC-RCT (clinicaltrials.gov-NCT01536275) 2-year follow-up, we assessed buccal-mucosal DNA-methylation (Infinium-HumanMethylation-EPIC-BeadChip) of former PICU-patients (N = 406 early-PN; N = 414 late-PN) and matched healthy children (N = 392). CpG-sites differentially methylated between groups were identified with multivariable linear regression and differentially methylated DNA-regions via clustering of differentially methylated CpG-sites using kernel-estimates. Analyses were adjusted for technical variation and baseline risk factors, and corrected for multiple testing (false-discovery-rate <0.05). Differentially methylated genes were functionally annotated (KEGG-pathway database), and allocated to three classes depending on involvement in physical/neurocognitive development, critical illness and intensive medical care, or pre-PICU-admission disorders. As compared with matched healthy children, former PICU-patients showed significantly different DNA-methylation at 4047 CpG-sites (2186 genes) and 494 DNA-regions (468 genes), with most CpG-sites being hypomethylated (90.3%) and with an average absolute 2% effect-size, irrespective of timing of PN initiation. Of the differentially methylated KEGG-pathways, 41.2% were related to physical/neurocognitive development, 32.8% to critical illness and intensive medical care and 26.0% to pre-PICU-admission disorders. Two years after critical illness in children, buccal-mucosal DNA showed abnormal methylation of CpG-sites and DNA-regions located in pathways known to be important for physical/neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Coppens
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Verlinden
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Derese
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter J Wouters
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen F Joosten
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha C Verbruggen
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Güiza
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,Leuven, Belgium
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Ehlinger JV, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Watkins DJ, Cantoral A, Mercado-García A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Associations between blood leukocyte DNA methylation and sustained attention in mid-to-late childhood. Epigenomics 2023; 15:965-981. [PMID: 37942546 PMCID: PMC10718163 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) across the epigenome and symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a population of Hispanic children. Materials & methods: Among 517 participants in the ELEMENT study aged 9-18 years, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study examining associations between blood leukocyte DNAm and performance on the Conners' continuous performance test (CPT3). Results: DNAm at loci in or near ZNF814, ELF4 and OR6K6 and functional enrichment for gene pathways pertaining to ferroptosis, inflammation, immune response and neurotransmission were significantly related to CPT3 scores. Conclusion: DNAm was associated with CPT3 performance. Further analysis is warranted to understand how these genes and enriched pathways contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa V Ehlinger
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen E Peterson
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Chaumette B, Grizenko N, Fageera W, Fortier MÈ, Ter-Stepanian M, Labbe A, Joober R. Correlation of the methylomic signature of smoking during pregnancy with clinical traits in ADHD. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2023; 48:E390-E399. [PMID: 37857414 PMCID: PMC10599658 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood disorder. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a replicated environmental risk factor for this disorder. It is also a robust modifier of gene methylation during the prenatal developmental period. In this study, we sought to identify loci differentially methylated by maternal smoking during pregnancy and relate their methylation levels to various behavioural and physical outcomes relevant to ADHD. METHODS We extracted DNA from blood samples from children diagnosed with ADHD and deeply phenotyped. Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was self-declared and assessed retrospectively. RESULTS Our sample included 231 children with ADHD. Statistically significant differences in DNA methylation between children exposed or not to maternal smoking during pregnancy were detected in 3457 CpGs. We kept 30 CpGs with at least 5% of methylation difference between the 2 groups for further analysis. Six genes were associated with varied phenotypes of clinical relevance to ADHD. The levels of DNA methylation in RUNX1 were positively correlated with the CBCL scores, and DNA methylation in MYO1G correlated positively with the score at the Conners rating scale. Methylation level in a CpG located in GFI1 correlated with birthweight, a risk factor for ADHD. Differentially methylated regions were also identified and confirmed the association of RUNX1 methylation levels with the CBCL score. LIMITATIONS The study has several limitations, including the retrospective recall with self-report of maternal smoking during pregnancy as well as the grouping of individuals of varying age and developmental stage and of both males and females. In addition, the correlation design prevents the building of causation models. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the association between the level of methylation at specific loci and quantitative dimensions highly relevant for ADHD as well as birth weight, a measure that has already been associated with increased risk for ADHD. Our results provide further support to public health educational initiatives to stop maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Chaumette
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Weam Fageera
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Marie-Ève Fortier
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Marina Ter-Stepanian
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
| | - Ridha Joober
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Fageerat, Fortier, Ter-Stepanian, Joober); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette, Grizenko, Joober); The Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Chaumette); the Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France (Chaumette); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fageera, Joober); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Que. (Ter-Stepanian); the Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Labbe); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Joober)
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8
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Nigg JT. Considerations toward an epigenetic and common pathways theory of mental disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:297-313. [PMID: 37126061 PMCID: PMC10153068 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathology emerges from the dynamic interplay of physiological and mental processes and ecological context. It can be seen as a failure of recursive, homeostatic processes to achieve adaptive re-equilibrium. This general statement can be actualized with consideration of polygenic liability, early exposures, and multiunit (multi-"level") analysis of the psychological action and the associated physiological and neural operations, all in the context of the developmental exposome. This article begins by identifying key principles and clarifying key terms necessary to mental disorder theory. It then ventures a sketch of a model that highlights epigenetic dynamics and proposes a common pathways hypothesis toward psychopathology. An epigenetic perspective elevates the importance of developmental context and adaptive systems, particularly in early life, while opening the door to new mechanistic discovery. The key proposal is that a finite number of homeostatic biological and psychological mechanisms are shared across most risky environments (and possibly many genetic liabilities) for psychopathology. Perturbation of these mediating mechanisms leads to development of psychopathology. A focus on dynamic changes in these homeostatic mechanisms across multiple units of analysis and time points can render the problem of explaining psychopathology tractable. Key questions include the mapping of recursive processes over time, at adequate density, as mental disorders unfold across development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
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9
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Choi YJ, Cho J, Hong YC, Lee DW, Moon S, Park SJ, Lee KS, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Kaminsky Z, Kim JI, Lim YH. DNA methylation is associated with prenatal exposure to sulfur dioxide and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3501. [PMID: 36859453 PMCID: PMC9977725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic influence plays a role in the association between exposure to air pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, research regarding sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scarce. Herein, we investigate the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and ADHD rating scale (ARS) at ages 4, 6 and 8 years repeatedly in a mother-child cohort (n = 329). Whole blood samples were obtained at ages 2 and 6 years, and genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was analyzed for 51 children using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation BeadChip. We analyzed the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and DNAm levels at ages 2 and 6, and further investigated the association between the DNAm and ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Prenatal SO2 exposure was associated with ADHD symptoms. From candidate gene analysis, DNAm levels at the 6 CpGs at age 2 were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure levels. Of the 6 CpGs, cg07583420 (INS-IGF2) was persistently linked with ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Epigenome-wide analysis showed that DNAm at 6733 CpG sites were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure, of which 58 CpGs involved in Notch signalling pathway were further associated with ARS at age 4, 6 and 8 years, persistently. DNAm at age 6 was not associated with prenatal SO2 exposure. Changes in DNAm levels associated with prenatal SO2 exposure during early childhood are associated with increases in ARS in later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Choi
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Public Health Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Kaminsky
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Section of Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Østerster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, København K, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Huber F, Schulz J, Schlack R, Hölling H, Ravens-Sieberer U, Meyer T, Rothenberger A, Wang B, Becker A. Long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:597-609. [PMID: 36826608 PMCID: PMC10050056 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of children worldwide. The causal mechanisms of ADHD remain unclear as the aetiology of this disorder seems to be multifactorial. One research field addresses the impact on lipid metabolism and particularly serum lipid fractions on the development of ADHD symptoms. This post hoc analysis aimed to investigate long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with ADHD and controls. Data of German children and adolescents from the nationwide and representative "Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS)" study were analysed at baseline and at a ten-year follow-up. At the two time points, participants in the control group were compared with those in the ADHD group, both before and after propensity score matching. Differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides were assessed between matched children with and without ADHD. In addition, subgroups with versus without methylphenidate use were compared at both time points. At baseline before matching, there were no significant differences for lipid parameters between participants in the ADHD group (n = 1,219) and the control group (n = 9,741): total cholesterol (Exp(ß) = 0.999, 95%-CI 0.911-1.094, p = .979), LDL (Exp(ß) = 0.967, 95%-CI 0.872-1.071, p = .525), HDL (Exp(ß) = 1.095, 95%-CI 0.899-1.331, p = .366) and triglycerides (Exp(ß) = 1.038, 95%-CI 0.948-1.133, p = .412). Propensity score matching confirmed the non-significant differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD group at baseline. At the 10-year follow-up, n = 571 participants fulfilled complete inclusion criteria, among them 268 subjects were classified as ADHD. The two groups did not significantly differ in lipid fractions, neither cross-sectionally nor with regard to long-term changes. There was also no significant difference between methylphenidate subgroups. In this sample of children and adolescents we could not reveal any significant associations between serum lipid fractions and the diagnosis of ADHD, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally; even when methylphenidate use was considered. Thus, further studies using larger sample sizes are required to investigate putative long-term changes in serum lipid fractions related to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Huber
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlack
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit Mental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit Mental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Biyao Wang
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Becker
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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11
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da Silva BS, Grevet EH, Silva LCF, Ramos JKN, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD. An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:2. [PMID: 37861876 PMCID: PMC10501041 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the "omics" era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolina Fagundes Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Neves Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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The role of DNA methylation in progression of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the prospect of using DNA methylation inhibitors as therapeutic agents for such disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:28-37. [PMID: 36590248 PMCID: PMC9794904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies related to neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have pointed to the role of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation machinery controls the dynamic regulation of methylation patterns in discrete brain regions. Objective This review aims to describe the role of DNA methylation in inhibiting and progressing neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and therapeutic approaches. Methods A Systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted for all qualified studies from 2000 to 2022. Results For the current need of time, we have focused on the DNA methylation role in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and the expression of genes involved in neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's, Depression, and Rett Syndrome. Finally, it appears that the various epigenetic changes do not occur separately and that DNA methylation and histone modification changes occur side by side and affect each other. We focused on the role of modification of DNA methylation in several genes associated with depression (NR3C1, NR3C2, CRHR1, SLC6A4, BDNF, and FKBP5), Rett syndrome (MECP2), Alzheimer's, depression (APP, BACE1, BIN1 or ANK1) and Parkinson's disease (SNCA), as well as the co-occurring modifications to histones and expression of non-coding RNAs. Understanding these epigenetic changes and their interactions will lead to better treatment strategies. Conclusion This review captures the state of understanding of the epigenetics of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. With new epigenetic mechanisms and targets undoubtedly on the horizon, pharmacological modulation and regulation of epigenetic processes in the brain holds great promise for therapy.
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13
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Wang F, He J, Wang R, Xu Y, Keerman M, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Bi J, Yao J, He M. Plasma PFOA and PFOS Levels, DNA Methylation, and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pilot Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17039-17051. [PMID: 36374530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is associated with blood lipids in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This pilot study aimed to investigate the associations between PFOA or PFOS and epigenome-wide DNA methylation and assess the mediating effect of DNA methylation on the PFOA/PFOS-blood lipid association. We measured plasma PFOA/PFOS and leukocyte DNA methylation in 98 patients enrolled from the hospital between October 2018 and August 2019. The median plasma PFOA/PFOS levels were 0.85 and 2.29 ng/mL. Plasma PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly associated with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels. There were 63/87 CpG positions and 8/11 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with plasma PFOA/PFOS levels, respectively. In addition, 5 CpG positions (annotated to AFF3, CREB5, NRG2, USF2, and intergenic region) and one DMR annotated to IRF6 may mediate the association between plasma PFOA/PFOS and LDL levels (mediated proportion from 7.29 to 46.77%); two CpG positions may mediate the association between plasma PFOA/PFOS and TC levels (annotated to CREB5 and USF2, mediated proportion is around 30%). The data suggest that PFOA/PFOS exposure alters DNA methylation. More importantly, the association of PFOA/PFOS with lipid indicators was partly mediated by DNA methylation changes in lipid metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zefang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mulatibieke Keerman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiao Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinqiu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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14
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Cecil CAM, Nigg JT. Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:581-606. [PMID: 35933504 PMCID: PMC7613776 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, typically identified in the school-age years but hypothesized to have developmental origins beginning in utero. To improve current strategies for prediction, prevention and treatment, a central challenge is to delineate how, at a molecular level, genetic and environmental influences jointly shape ADHD risk, phenotypic presentation, and developmental course. Epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, have emerged as a promising molecular system in the search for both biomarkers and mechanisms to address this challenge. In this Current Opinion, we discuss the relevance of epigenetics (specifically DNA methylation) for ADHD research and clinical practice, starting with the current state of knowledge, what challenges we have yet to overcome, and what the future may hold in terms of methylation-based applications for personalized medicine in ADHD. We conclude that the field of epigenetics and ADHD is promising but is still in its infancy, and the potential for transformative translational applications remains a distant goal. Nevertheless, rapid methodological advances, together with the rise of collaborative science and increased availability of high-quality, longitudinal data make this a thriving research area that in future may contribute to the development of new tools for improved prediction, management, and treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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15
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Soler Artigas M, Arribas L, Alemany S, Vilar-Ribó L, Llonga N, Fadeuilhe C, Corrales M, Richarte V, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M. Comprehensive analysis of omics data identifies relevant gene networks for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:409. [PMID: 36153331 PMCID: PMC9509350 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the interaction of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Genome-wide association studies have started to identify multiple genetic risk loci associated with ADHD, however, the exact causal genes and biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We performed a multi-step analysis to identify and characterize modules of co-expressed genes associated with ADHD using data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 270 ADHD cases and 279 controls. We identified seven ADHD-associated modules of co-expressed genes, some of them enriched in both genetic and epigenetic signatures for ADHD and in biological pathways relevant for psychiatric disorders, such as the regulation of gene expression, epigenetics and immune system. In addition, for some of the modules, we found evidence of potential regulatory mechanisms, including microRNAs and common genetic variants. In conclusion, our results point to promising genes and pathways for ADHD, supporting the use of peripheral blood to assess gene expression signatures in psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, they highlight that the combination of multi-omics signals provides deeper and broader insights into the biological mechanisms underlying ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Arribas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Llonga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Corrales
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Silk T, Dipnall L, Wong YT, Craig JM. Epigenetics and ADHD. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:269-289. [PMID: 35505060 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of genetic susceptibility to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); however, there still remains significant variability that is not attributable to genetic factors. The emerging field of epigenetics is beginning to reveal how genotypic expression can be mediated by an array of variables including external environmental exposure, inter-individual developmental variation, and by the genome itself. Epigenetic modification plays a central role in neurobiological and developmental processes, and disturbances to these processes can have implications for a range of mental health problems. Although the field is still in its early days, this chapter will discuss the current standing of epigenetic research into ADHD. Firstly, key relevant epigenetic processes will be discussed. This will be followed by an overview of the key findings to date investigating the role of epigenetics in ADHD. Human studies have included the theory-driven approach of candidate-gene studies (CGS), as well as the increasingly popular exploratory approach of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). Overall, the findings are heterogeneous. However, it is possible that with more longitudinal studies and better characterised cohorts, both predictive and protective links between epigenetic processes and ADHD will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Silk
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lillian Dipnall
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Ting Wong
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Peedicayil J. The Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1642-1650. [PMID: 34544344 PMCID: PMC9881064 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of ADHD. The potential role of epigenetic drugs in the treatment of ADHD is also reviewed. Several studies suggest that there are epigenetic abnormalities in preclinical models of ADHD and in ADHD patients. Regarding DNA methylation, many studies have reported DNA hypermethylation. There is evidence that there is increased histone deacetylation in ADHD patients. Abnormalities in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ADHD patients have also been found. Some currently used drugs for treating ADHD, in addition to their more well-established mechanisms of action, have been shown to alter epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. Clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in patients with ADHD report favorable results. These data suggest that abnormal epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Drugs acting on epigenetic mechanisms may be a potential new class of drugs for treating ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peedicayil
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;Tel: 91-0416-2284237; E-mail:
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18
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Global DNA methylation changes in adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and its comorbidity with bipolar disorder: links with polygenic scores. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2485-2491. [PMID: 35256746 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this sense, the study of epigenetic mechanisms could contribute to the understanding of the disorder's neurobiology. Global DNA methylation (GMe) evaluated through 5-methylcytosine levels could be a promising epigenetic biomarker to capture long-lasting biological effects in response to environmental and hormonal changes. We conducted the first assessment of GMe levels in subjects with ADHD (n = 394) and its main comorbidities in comparison to populational controls (n = 390). Furthermore, given the high genetic contribution to ADHD (heritability of 80%), polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated to verify the genetic contribution to GMe levels in ADHD and the comorbidities associated with GMe levels. The GMe levels observed in patients were lower than controls (P = 1.1e-8), with women being significantly less globally methylated than men (P = 0.002). Regarding comorbidities, the presence of bipolar disorder (BD) among patients with ADHD was associated with higher methylation levels compared to patients with ADHD without BD (P = 0.031). The results did not change when pharmacological treatment was accounted for in the analyses. The ADHD and BD most predictive PRSs were negatively (P = 0.0064) and positively (P = 0.0042) correlated with GMe, respectively. This study is the first to report an association between GMe, ADHD, and its comorbidity with BD and associations between PRSs for specific psychiatric disorders and GMe. Our findings add to previous evidence that GMe may be a relevant piece in the psychiatric disorders' etiological landscape.
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Miyake K, Miyashita C, Ikeda-Araki A, Miura R, Itoh S, Yamazaki K, Kobayashi S, Masuda H, Ooka T, Yamagata Z, Kishi R. DNA methylation of GFI1 as a mediator of the association between prenatal smoking exposure and ADHD symptoms at 6 years: the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 33827680 PMCID: PMC8028116 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal smoking exposure has been associated with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. We assessed whether DNA methylation differences may mediate the association between prenatal smoking exposure and ADHD symptoms at the age of 6 years. RESULTS We selected 1150 mother-infant pairs from the Hokkaido Study on the Environment and Children's Health. Mothers were categorized into three groups according to plasma cotinine levels at the third trimester: non-smokers (≤ 0.21 ng/mL), passive smokers (0.21-11.48 ng/mL), and active smokers (≥ 11.49 ng/mL). The children's ADHD symptoms were determined by the ADHD-Rating Scale at the age of 6 years. Maternal active smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD symptoms (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.15) compared to non-smoking after adjusting for covariates. DNA methylation of the growth factor-independent 1 transcriptional repressor (GFI1) region, as determined by bisulfite next-generation sequencing of cord blood samples, mediated 48.4% of the total effect of the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms. DNA methylation patterns of other genes (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor [AHRR], cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 [CYP1A1], estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], and myosin IG [MYO1G]) regions did not exert a statistically significant mediation effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that DNA methylation of GFI1 mediated the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms at the age of 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Miyake
- Departments of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masuda
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Departments of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Departments of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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DNA methylation associated with persistent ADHD suggests TARBP1 as novel candidate. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108370. [PMID: 33137342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is highly prevalent in childhood and often persists into adulthood. Both genetic variants and environmental factors play a role in the onset and persistence of ADHD, and epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation are considered as a link for their interplay. To investigate this, we studied DNA methylation in 37 candidate genes by performing targeted bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from whole blood of N = 88 individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD and N = 91 unaffected individuals (mean age 34.2 years). Differentially methylated sites were assessed by generalized linear models testing ADHD status and ADHD symptoms, accounting for a methylation-based smoking score, age, sex, and blood cell count. DNA methylation of single sites within DRD4 and KLDR1 was associated with adult ADHD status, and multiple DNA methylation sites within TARBP1 were associated with ADHD symptoms in adulthood and childhood. Awaiting replication, findings of this pilot study point to TARBP1 as a new candidate gene for ADHD symptoms. Our work also stresses the need for research to further examine the effects of environmental factors, such as nicotine exposure, on epigenetic modifications associated with psychiatric traits.
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21
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Rovira P, Sánchez-Mora C, Pagerols M, Richarte V, Corrales M, Fadeuilhe C, Vilar-Ribó L, Arribas L, Shireby G, Hannon E, Mill J, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Soler Artigas M, Ribasés M. Epigenome-wide association study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:199. [PMID: 32561708 PMCID: PMC7305172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. There is growing evidence that epigenetic dysregulation participates in ADHD. Given that only a limited number of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of ADHD have been conducted so far and they have mainly focused on pediatric and population-based samples, we performed an EWAS in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD. We report one CpG site and four regions differentially methylated between patients and controls, which are located in or near genes previously involved in autoimmune diseases, cancer or neuroticism. Our sensitivity analyses indicate that smoking status is not responsible for these results and that polygenic risk burden for ADHD does not greatly impact the signatures identified. Additionally, we show an overlap of our EWAS findings with genetic signatures previously described for ADHD and with epigenetic signatures for smoking behavior and maternal smoking. These findings support a role of DNA methylation in ADHD and emphasize the need for additional efforts in larger samples to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanisms on ADHD across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rovira
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Arribas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Shireby
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Miquel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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