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Ahmed DAA, Sadiek Y, Eldin MS, Ibrahim RS, Amen O, Abodalal SESA. Evaluation of comparative effect between aluminum hydroxide gel and montanide (ISA 70) in potency and protection of locally prepared rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) vaccines in rabbits. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:407. [PMID: 39261948 PMCID: PMC11389503 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute infectious disease that damages the rabbit industry by producing significant mortality rates in young and adult rabbits. RHD is better controlled by vaccination. OBJECTIVE The current study's goal was to prepare and evaluate the immuno-enhancing effect of montanide ISA70 and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) gel incorporated within the inactivated RHDV2 vaccine and assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against the homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 strains in rabbits. METHODS Inactivated RHDV vaccines were prepared using Montanide ISA70 oil or Al(OH)3 gel adjuvants and submitted to sterility, safety, and potency tests. 200 rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups: G1 (control), G2 (vaccinated with gel-incorporated vaccine), G3 (vaccinated with montanide-incorporated vaccine), and G4 (vaccinated with gel- and montanide-incorporated vaccines). Individual blood samples were collected from one week to six months from all groups. The vaccine's potency was measured by the HI test and protection percentage post challenge. RESULTS Data revealed slightly increasing HI titer means reaching the 1st peak at 4 weeks post-vaccination (7.33, 7.67, and 7.33 log2 in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups, respectively), then slightly decreasing and peaked again, giving 9.33 log2 for the2nd group at 3 months post-vaccination (MPV), 10.67 log2 for 3rd the group, and 10.33 log2 for the 4th group at 5 months post-vaccination. Titer gradually decreased but remained protective. The protection rate ranged from 80-100% and 80-90% for homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 vaccines, respectively, within 3 weeks and 6 months post-challenge. The montanide oil RHDV2 vaccine induced better protection than the aluminum gel RHDV2 vaccine. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated evidence of cross-protection between RHDV2 strains. The oil emulsion vaccine induced higher and longer-lasting antibody titers than those obtained with the RHDV2 aluminum gel vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Abd Alrahman Ahmed
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin Sadiek
- Colleague, Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Saif Eldin
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ragab S Ibrahim
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omar Amen
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samah El Sayed Ali Abodalal
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
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Jung HG, Jeong S, Kang MJ, Hong I, Park YS, Ko E, Kim JO, Choi DY. Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1020. [PMID: 39340050 PMCID: PMC11435836 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus considerably threatens global health, particularly for children <5 years. Current, licensed oral attenuated vaccine formulations have limitations including insufficient efficacy in children in low- and middle-income countries, warranting urgent development of novel vaccines with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Herein, we present a novel approach utilizing an encapsulin (ENC) nanoparticle (NP)-based non-replicating rotavirus vaccine. ENC, originating from bacteria, offers a self-assembling scaffold that displays rotavirus VP8* antigens on its surface. To enhance the correct folding and soluble expression of monomeric antigens and their subsequent assembly into NP, we adopted an RNA-interacting domain (RID) of mammalian transfer RNA synthetase as an expression tag fused to the N-terminus of the ENC-VP8* fusion protein. Using the RID-ENC-VP8* tripartite modular design, insertion of linkers of appropriate length and sequence and the universal T cell epitope P2 remarkably improved the production yield and immunogenicity. Cleavage of the RID rendered a homogenous assembly of ENC-P2-VP8* into protein NPs. Immunization with ENC-P2-VP8* induced markedly higher levels of VP8*-specific antibodies and virus neutralization titers in mice than those induced by P2-VP8* without ENC. Altogether, these results highlight the potential of the designed ENC NP-based rotavirus vaccine as an effective strategy against rotavirus disease to address global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Ingi Hong
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunbyeol Ko
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Molecular Immunology, Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (M.-J.K.); (I.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.K.)
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Bitzer GJ, Fitzgerald NA, DeJong MA, Cunningham C, Chapman JA, Boehm DT, Pyles GM, Huckaby AB, Miller SJ, Dublin SR, Warden MD, Barbier M, Damron FH. Immunization with an mRNA DTP vaccine protects against pertussis in rats. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0052023. [PMID: 39016553 PMCID: PMC11320933 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00520-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of the respiratory disease known as pertussis. Since the switch to the acellular vaccines of DTaP and Tap, pertussis cases in the US have risen and cyclically fallen. We have observed that mRNA pertussis vaccines are immunogenic and protective in mice. Here, we further evaluated the pertussis toxoid mRNA antigen and refined the formulation based on optimal pertussis toxin neutralization in vivo. We next evaluated the mRNA pertussis vaccine in Sprague-Dawley rats using an aerosol B. pertussis challenge model paired with whole-body plethysmography to monitor coughing and respiratory function. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were primed and boosted with either commercially available vaccines (DTaP or wP-DTP), an mRNA-DTP vaccine, or mock-vaccinated. The mRNA-DTP vaccine was immunogenic in rats and induced antigen-specific IgG antibodies comparable to DTaP. Rats were then aerosol challenged with a streptomycin-resistant emerging clinical isolate D420Sm1. Bacterial burden was assessed at days 1 and 9 post-challenge, and the mRNA vaccine reduced burden equal to both DTaP and wP-DTP. Whole-body plethysmography revealed that mRNA-DTP vaccinated rats were well protected against coughing which was comparable to the non-challenged group. These data suggest that an mRNA-DTP vaccine is immunogenic in rats and provides protection against aerosolized B. pertussis challenge in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Megan A. DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Casey Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua A. Chapman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dylan T. Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gage M. Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Annalisa B. Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah J. Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Spencer R. Dublin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew D. Warden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Friedrichs B, Rehg S, Hanschmann KM, Öppling V, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Determination of DTaP vaccine potency by multiplex immunogenicity testing using electrochemiluminescence. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:142. [PMID: 39112508 PMCID: PMC11306252 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lot release testing of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccines traditionally relied on in vivo protection models involving challenge of laboratory animals with toxins. Meanwhile, many labs have switched to serological testing of these vaccines, which is often performed in separate in vivo assays, even if all components were formulated into one vaccine product. Here we describe the results of simultaneous serological potency determination of diphtheria (D), tetanus (T) and acellular pertussis (aP) antigens obtained following immunization of guinea pigs with multicomponent pediatric and booster vaccines from different manufacturers. The 4th World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS) for diphtheria toxoid (No. 07/216) and the 4th WHO IS for tetanus toxoid (No. 08/218) were used as reference preparations. For aP, a pediatric vaccine batch containing the antigens pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin and fimbriae proteins type 2/3 was established as internal control. Quantification of IgG against D, T and aP antigens in guinea pig sera was performed using a hexaplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We further provide proof-of-concept using experimental vaccine samples lacking or containing reduced amounts of diphtheria toxoid in the presence of full amounts of tetanus and pertussis antigens and alum adjuvant. Importantly, the assay confirmed dose-response relationships for all antigens tested and was able to detect diphtheria out-of-specification batches. The results confirmed the suitability of the protocol for combined serology batch release testing of DTaP combination vaccines as first measure towards implementation of full in vitro testing of DTaP vaccines. This report summarizes the data and the protocol used for validation prior to implementation of this method in routine batch release testing of DTaP vaccines, which led to replacement of in vivo challenge experiments in our laboratory following the 3 R (replace, reduce, refine) principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Friedrichs
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Simone Rehg
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Kay-Martin Hanschmann
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Volker Öppling
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstr. 2, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.
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He J, Lu X, Mao N, Zhu T, Yu L, Yu Y, Peng S, Deng X, Hu B, Jiang W, Lu Y, Wang D. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide- functionalized dendritic fibrous nano-silica -based adjuvant for H 9N 2 oral vaccine enhance systemic and mucosal immunity in chickens. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124318. [PMID: 38852750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has the ability to infect birds and humans, further causing significant losses to the poultry industry and even posing a great threat to human health. Oral vaccine received particular interest for preventing majority infection due to its ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, but their development is limited by the bad gastrointestinal (GI) environment, compact epithelium and mucus barrier, and the lack of effective mucosal adjuvants. Herein, we developed the dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) grafted with Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) nanoparticles (CDP-DFNS) as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine. Encouragingly, CDP-DFNS facilitated the proliferation of T and B cells, and further induced the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Moreover, CDP-DFNS/H9N2 significantly promoted the antigen-specific antibodies levels in serum and intestinal mucosal of chickens, indicating the good ability to elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity. Additional, CDP-DFNS facilitate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells both in spleen and intestinal mucosal, and the indexes of immune organs. This study suggested that CDP-DFNS may be a new avenue for development of oral vaccine against pathogens that are transmitted via mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuanqi Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ningning Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Buchhorn de Freitas S, Clair Pinto Seixas Neto A, Aparecido Panagio L, Pereira Soares M, Drawanz Hartwig D. Hypothetical adhesin CAM87009.1 formulated in alum or biogenic silver nanoparticles protects mice from lethal infection by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccine 2024; 42:3802-3810. [PMID: 38719690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to its antimicrobial resistance characteristics, the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies A. baumannii as one of the critical priority pathogens for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Vaccination has been approached as an interesting strategy to overcome the lack of effective antimicrobials and the long time required to develop and approve new drugs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate as a vaccine the hypothetical adhesin protein CAM87009.1 in its recombinant format (rCAM87009.1) associated with aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel®) or biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNP) as adjuvant components against lethal infection by A. baumannii MDR strain. Both vaccine formulations were administered in three doses intramuscularly in BALB/c murine models and the vaccinated animals were tested in a challenge assay with A. baumannii MDR strain (DL100). rCAM87009.1 protein associated with both adjuvants was able to protect 100 % of animals challenged with the lethal strain during the challenge period. After the euthanasia of the animals, no A. baumannii colonies were detected in the lungs of animals vaccinated with the rCAM87009.1 protein in both formulations. Since the first immunization, high IgG antibody titers were observed (1:819,200), with results being statistically similar in both vaccine formulations evaluated. rCAM87009.1 associated with both adjuvants was capable of inducing at least one class of isotypes associated with the processes of neutralization (IgG2b and IgA for bio-AgNP and Alhydrogel®, respectively), opsonization (IgG1 in both vaccines) and complement activation (IgM and IgG3 for bio-AgNP and Alhydrogel®, respectively). Furthermore, reduced tissue damage was observed in animals vaccinated with rCAM87009.1 + bio-AgNP when compared to animals vaccinated with Alhydrogel®. Our results indicate that the rCAM87009.1 protein associated with both bio-AgNP and Alhydrogel® are combinations capable of promoting immunity against infections caused by A. baumannii MDR. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential of silver nanoparticles as alternative adjuvant molecules to the use of aluminum salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Buchhorn de Freitas
- Center of Technological Development, Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauro Pereira Soares
- Regional Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiane Drawanz Hartwig
- Center of Technological Development, Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Li M, Yao Z, Wang H, Ma Y, Yang W, Guo Y, Yu G, Shi W, Zhang N, Xu M, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xue C, Sun B. Silicon or Calcium Doping Coordinates the Immunostimulatory Effects of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanoadjuvants in Prophylactic Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16878-16894. [PMID: 38899978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum salts still remain as the most popular adjuvants in marketed human prophylactic vaccines due to their capability to trigger humoral immune responses with a good safety record. However, insufficient induction of cellular immune responses limits their further applications. In this study, we prepare a library of silicon (Si)- or calcium (Ca)-doped aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanoadjuvants. They exhibit well-controlled physicochemical properties, and the dopants are homogeneously distributed in nanoadjuvants. By using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as the model antigen, doped AlOOH nanoadjuvants mediate higher antigen uptake and promote lysosome escape of HBsAg through lysosomal rupture induced by the dissolution of the dopant in the lysosomes in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Additionally, doped nanoadjuvants trigger higher antigen accumulation and immune cell activation in draining lymph nodes. In HBsAg and varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) vaccination models, doped nanoadjuvants induce high IgG titer, activations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and generations of effector memory T cells. Doping of aluminum salt-based adjuvants with biological safety profiles and immunostimulating capability is a potential strategy to mediate robust humoral and cellular immunity. It potentiates the applications of engineered adjuvants in the development of vaccines with coordinated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wendi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Muzhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiashu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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He X, Lu JL, Liao WF, Long YR, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Lu HL, Hao GY, Ding K, Sun JH, Gong LK, Yang YF. GFPBW1, a β-glucan from Grifola frondosa as vaccine adjuvant: APCs activation and maturation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01330-8. [PMID: 38907048 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants for vaccines with characteristics of improving adaptive immunity particularly via leverage of antigen presenting cells (APCs) are currently lacking. In a previous work we obtained a new soluble 300 kDa homogeneous β-glucan named GFPBW1 from the fruit bodies of Granola frondosa. GFPBW1 could activate macrophages by targeting dendritic cell associated C-type lectin 1 (Dectin-1)/Syk/NF-κB signaling to achieve antitumour effects. In this study the adjuvant effects of GFPBW1 were explored with OVA-antigen and B16-OVA tumor model. We showed that GFPBW1 (5, 50, 500 μg/mL) dose-dependently promoted activation and maturation of APCs in vitro by increasing CD80, CD86 and MHC II expression. We immunized female mice with OVA in combination with GFPBW1 (50 or 300 μg) twice with an interval of two weeks. GFPBW1 markedly and dose-dependently increased OVA-specific antibody titers of different subtypes including IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, suggesting that it could serve as an adjuvant for both Th1 and Th2 type immune responses. Furthermore, GFPBW1 in combination with aluminum significantly increased the titers of OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b, but not those of IgG1, suggesting that GFPBW1 could be used as a co-adjuvant of aluminum to compensate for Th1 deficiency. For mice immunized with OVA plus GFPBW1, no obvious pathological injury was observed in either major organs or injection sites, and no abnormalities were noted for any of the hematological parameters. When GFPBW1 served as an adjuvant in the B16-OVA cancer vaccine models, it could accomplish entire tumor suppression with preventive vaccines, and enhance antitumour efficacy with therapeutic vaccines. Differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in antigen processing process, specifically increased tumor infiltration of DCs, B1 cells and plasma cells in the OVA plus GFPBW1 group, in accordance with its activation and maturation function of APCs. Collectively, this study systematically describes the properties of GFPBW1 as a novel potent and safe adjuvant and highlights its great potential in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiang-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Wen-Feng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Heng-Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Geng-Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Li-Kun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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9
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Saleemi MA, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses. Pathogens 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38921739 PMCID: PMC11206999 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are vital as they protect us from various illness-causing agents. Despite all the advancements in vaccine-related research, developing improved and safer vaccines against devastating infectious diseases including Ebola, tuberculosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a significant challenge. In addition, some of the current human vaccines can cause adverse reactions in some individuals, which limits their use for massive vaccination program. Therefore, it is necessary to design optimal vaccine candidates that can elicit appropriate immune responses but do not induce side effects. Subunit vaccines are relatively safe for the vaccination of humans, but they are unable to trigger an optimal protective immune response without an adjuvant. Although different types of adjuvants have been used for the formulation of vaccines to fight pathogens that have high antigenic diversity, due to the toxicity and safety issues associated with human-specific adjuvants, there are only a few adjuvants that have been approved for the formulation of human vaccines. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have gain specific attention and are commonly used as adjuvants for vaccine development as well as for drug delivery due to their excellent immune modulation properties. This review will focus on the current state of adjuvants in vaccine development, the mechanisms of human-compatible adjuvants and future research directions. We hope this review will provide valuable information to discovery novel adjuvants and drug delivery systems for developing novel vaccines and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.A.S.); (Y.Z.)
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10
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Ramos-Duarte VA, Orlowski A, Jaquenod de Giusti C, Corigliano MG, Legarralde A, Mendoza-Morales LF, Atela A, Sánchez MA, Sander VA, Angel SO, Clemente M. Safe plant Hsp90 adjuvants elicit an effective immune response against SARS-CoV2-derived RBD antigen. Vaccine 2024; 42:3355-3364. [PMID: 38631949 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the role of pHsp90 adjuvant in immune response modulation, we proposed the use of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV2, the principal candidate in the design of subunit vaccines. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses against RBD through the strategy "protein mixture" (Adjuvant + Antigen). The rRBD adjuvanted with rAtHsp81.2 group showed a higher increase of the anti-rRBD IgG1, while the rRBD adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 group showed a significant increase in anti-rRBD IgG2b/2a. These results were consistent with the cellular immune response analysis. Spleen cell cultures from rRBD + rNbHsp90.3-immunized mice showed significantly increased IFN-γ production. In contrast, spleen cell cultures from rRBD + rAtHsp81.2-immunized mice showed significantly increased IL-4 levels. Finally, vaccines adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 induced higher neutralizing antibody responses compared to those adjuvanted with rAtHsp81.2. To know whether both chaperones must form complexes to generate an effective immune response, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. The results indicated that the greater neutralizing capacity observed in the rRBD adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 group would be given by the rRBD-rNbHsp90.3 interaction rather than by the quality of the immune response triggered by the adjuvants. These results, together with our previous results, provide a comparative benchmark of these two novel and safe vaccine adjuvants for their capacity to stimulate immunity to a subunit vaccine, demonstrating the capacity of adjuvanted SARS-CoV2 subunit vaccines. Furthermore, these results revealed differences in the ability to modulate the immune response between these two pHsp90s, highlighting the importance of adjuvant selection for future rational vaccine and adjuvant design.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Vaccine
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Ramos-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Orlowski
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani" (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jaquenod de Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani" (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ariel Legarralde
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Luisa F Mendoza-Morales
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnologías en Bovinos y Ovinos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Atela
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Manuel A Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnologías en Bovinos y Ovinos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular-UB2, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
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11
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Dillard JA, Taft-Benz SA, Knight AC, Anderson EJ, Pressey KD, Parotti B, Martinez SA, Diaz JL, Sarkar S, Madden EA, De la Cruz G, Adams LE, Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Powers JM, Yount BL, Castillo IN, Morales NL, Burdick J, Evangelista MKD, Ralph LM, Pankow NC, Linnertz CL, Lakshmanane P, Montgomery SA, Ferris MT, Baric RS, Baxter VK, Heise MT. Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3738. [PMID: 38702297 PMCID: PMC11068739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole virus-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous coronavirus infection, the emergence of novel variants and the presence of large zoonotic reservoirs harboring novel heterologous coronaviruses provide significant opportunities for vaccine breakthrough, which raises the risk of adverse outcomes like vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. Here, we use a female mouse model of coronavirus disease to evaluate inactivated vaccine performance against either homologous challenge with SARS-CoV-2 or heterologous challenge with a bat-derived coronavirus that represents a potential emerging disease threat. We show that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide can cause enhanced respiratory disease during heterologous infection, while use of an alternative adjuvant does not drive disease and promotes heterologous viral clearance. In this work, we highlight the impact of adjuvant selection on inactivated vaccine safety and efficacy against heterologous coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Dillard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharon A Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Audrey C Knight
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Anderson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katia D Pressey
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Breantié Parotti
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sabian A Martinez
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Diaz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily A Madden
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lily E Adams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John M Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Izabella N Castillo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noah L Morales
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jane Burdick
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Ralph
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Pankow
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colton L Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Premkumar Lakshmanane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Dallas Tissue Research, Farmers Branch, TX, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria K Baxter
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Cui Y, Ho M, Hu Y, Shi Y. Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4118-4137. [PMID: 38591323 PMCID: PMC11180427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the most significant inventions in human history and have revolutionized global health. Generally, a vaccine functions by triggering the innate immune response and stimulating antigen-presenting cells, leading to a defensive adaptive immune response against a specific pathogen's antigen. As a key element, adjuvants are chemical materials often employed as additives to increase a vaccine's efficacy and immunogenicity. For over 90 years, adjuvants have been essential components in many human vaccines, improving their efficacy by enhancing, modulating, and prolonging the immune response. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the historical development and the current status of adjuvants, covering their classification, mechanisms of action, and roles in different vaccines. Additionally, we perform systematic analysis of the current licensing processes and highlights notable examples from clinical trials involving vaccine adjuvants. Looking ahead, we anticipate future trends in the field, including the development of new adjuvant formulations, the creation of innovative adjuvants, and their integration into the broader scope of systems vaccinology and vaccine delivery. The article posits that a deeper understanding of biochemistry, materials science, and vaccine immunology is crucial for advancing vaccine technology. Such advancements are expected to lead to the future development of more effective vaccines, capable of combating emerging infectious diseases and enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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13
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Fu W, Guo M, Zhou X, Wang Z, Sun J, An Y, Guan T, Hu M, Li J, Chen Z, Ye J, Gao X, Gao GF, Dai L, Wang Y, Chen C. Injectable Hydrogel Mucosal Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity against Respiratory Viruses. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11200-11216. [PMID: 38620102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccines, eliciting mucosal immune responses, can prevent early invasion, replication, and transmission of pathogens in the respiratory tract. However, the effective delivery of antigens through the nasal barrier and boosting of a robust systematic and mucosal immune remain challenges in intranasal vaccine development. Here, we describe an intranasally administered self-healing hydrogel vaccine with a reversible strain-dependent sol-gel transition by precisely modulating the self-assembly processes between the natural drug rhein and aluminum ions. The highly bioadhesive hydrogel vaccine enhances antigen stability and prolongs residence time in the nasal cavity and lungs by confining the antigen to the surface of the nasal mucosa, acting as a "mucosal mask". The hydrogel also stimulates superior immunoenhancing properties, including antigen internalization, cross-presentation, and dendritic cell maturation. Furthermore, the formulation recruits immunocytes to the nasal mucosa and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) while enhancing antigen-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses. Our findings present a promising strategy for preparing intranasal vaccines for infectious diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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14
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Schafer S, Chen K, Ma L. Crosstalking with Dendritic Cells: A Path to Engineer Advanced T Cell Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1372995. [PMID: 38911455 PMCID: PMC11192543 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2024.1372995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses in natural and pathological conditions. DC-T cell crosstalk is achieved through contact-dependent (i.e., immunological synapse) and contact-independent mechanisms (i.e., cytokines). Activated DCs upregulate co-stimulatory signals and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to orchestrate T cell activation and differentiation. Conversely, activated T helper cells "license" DCs towards maturation, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) silence DCs to elicit tolerogenic immunity. Strategies to efficiently modulate the DC-T cell crosstalk can be harnessed to promote immune activation for cancer immunotherapy or immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the natural crosstalk mechanisms between DC and T cells. We highlight bioengineering approaches to modulate DC-T cell crosstalk, including conventional vaccines, synthetic vaccines, and DC-mimics, and key seminal studies leveraging these approaches to steer immune response for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Schafer
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaige Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, US
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Bruun N, Laursen MF, Carmelo R, Christensen E, Jensen TS, Christiansen G, Birkelund S, Agger R, Kofod-Olsen E. Novel nucleotide-packaging vaccine delivers antigen and poly(I:C) to dendritic cells and generate a potent antibody response in vivo. Vaccine 2024; 42:2909-2918. [PMID: 38538405 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
An issue with many current vaccines is the dependency on broadly inflammatory adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide or aluminum salts that affect many immune- and non-immune cells. These adjuvants are not necessarily activating all antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that take up the antigen and most likely they also activate APCs with no antigen uptake, as well as many non-immune cells. Conjugation of antigen and adjuvant would enable the use of smaller amounts of adjuvant and avoid unnecessary tissue damage and activation of bystander cells. It would ensure that all APCs that take up the antigen would also become activated and avoid that immature and non-activated APCs present the antigen to T cells without a co-stimulatory signal, leading to tolerogenesis. We have developed a novel vaccine that co-deliver antigen and a nucleotide adjuvant to the same APC and lead to a strong activation response in dendritic cells and macrophages. The vaccine is constructed as a fusion-protein with an antigen fused to the DNA/RNA-binding domain from the Hc2 protein from Chlamydia trachomatis. We have found that the fusion protein is able to package polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or dsDNA into small particles. These particles were taken up by macrophages and dendritic cells and led to strong activation and maturation of these cells. Immunization of mice with the fusion protein packaged poly(I:C) led to a stronger antibody response compared to immunization with a combination of poly(I:C) and antigen without the Hc2 DNA/RNA-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Bruun
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Marlene F Laursen
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Rita Carmelo
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Esben Christensen
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Trine S Jensen
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark
| | - Emil Kofod-Olsen
- Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Denmark.
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16
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Albano A, Colomba S, Palmese A, Salvadori J, Mencuccini L, Moriconi A, Bellato F, Malzone C, Berti S, Paludi M, Valoti C, Panariello G, Cozzolino N, Pergola C. The quest for down scale representativeness: how to exploit CFD to design a shear study for vaccines. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:300-310. [PMID: 38497925 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2331243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we exploit computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate stirred tank reactor (STR) process engineer parameters (PEP) and design a scale-down system (SDS) to be representative of the formulation and filling process steps for an Aluminum adjuvanted vaccine drug product (DP). To study the shear history in the SDS we used the concept of number of passages, combined with an appropriate stirring speed down scale strategy comprising of either (i) tip speed equivalence, widely used as a scale-up criterion for a shear-sensitive product, or (ii) rotating shear, a shear metric introduced by Metz and Otto in 1957 but never used as scaling criterion. The outcome of the CFD simulations shows that the tip equivalence generates a worst-case SDS in terms of shear, whereas the rotating shear scaling approach could be used to design a more representative SDS. We monitored the trend over time for "In Vitro Relative Potency" as DP Critical Quality Attribute for both scaling approaches, which highlighted the crucial role of choosing the appropriate scaling-down approach to be representative of the manufacturing scale during process characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Albano
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvio Colomba
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmese
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Jessica Salvadori
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Moriconi
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Pergola
- Global Drug Product Development, Technical R&D-R&D, GSK, Siena, Italy
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17
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Wijesundara YH, Howlett TS, Kumari S, Gassensmith JJ. The Promise and Potential of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks in Vaccine Nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3013-3036. [PMID: 38408451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The immune system's complexity and ongoing evolutionary struggle against deleterious pathogens underscore the value of vaccination technologies, which have been bolstering human immunity for over two centuries. Despite noteworthy advancements over these 200 years, three areas remain recalcitrant to improvement owing to the environmental instability of the biomolecules used in vaccines─the challenges of formulating them into controlled release systems, their need for constant refrigeration to avoid loss of efficacy, and the requirement that they be delivered via needle owing to gastrointestinal incompatibility. Nanotechnology, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), has emerged as a promising avenue for confronting these challenges, presenting a new frontier in vaccine development. Although these materials have been widely explored in the context of drug delivery, imaging, and cancer immunotherapy, their role in immunology and vaccine-related applications is a recent yet rapidly developing field. This review seeks to elucidate the prospective use of MOFs and COFs for biomaterial stabilization, eliminating the necessity for cold chains, enhancing antigen potency as adjuvants, and potentializing needle-free delivery of vaccines. It provides an expansive and critical viewpoint on this rapidly evolving field of research and emphasizes the vital contribution of chemists in driving further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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18
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Chung JT, Rafiei M, Chau Y. Self-adjuvanted L-arginine-modified dextran-based nanogels for sustained local antigenic protein delivery to antigen-presenting cells and enhanced cellular and humoral immune responses. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1771-1787. [PMID: 38385306 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In the development of cancer vaccines, antigens are delivered to elicit potent and specific T-cell responses to eradicate tumour cells. Nonetheless, successful vaccines are often hampered by the poor immunogenicity of tumour antigens, rapid clearance by the innate immunity, and limited cross-presentation on MHC-I to activate CD8+ T-cells arm. To address these issues, we developed dextran-based nanogels to promote antigen uptake, storage, and cross-presentation on MHC-I, while directing immunogenic maturation of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To promote the nanocarriers interaction with cells, we modified DX with L-arginine (Arg), whose immunomodulatory activities have been well documented. The ArgDX nanogel performance was compared with the nanogel modified with L-histidine (His) and L-glutamate (Glut). Moreover, we introduced pH-sensitive hydrazone crosslinking during the nanogel formation for the conjugation and controlled release of antigen ovalbumin (OVA). The OVA-laden nanogels have an average size of 325 nm. We demonstrated that the nanogels could rapidly release cargoes upon a pH change from 7 to 5 within 8 days, indicating the controlled release of antigens in the acidic cellular compartments upon internalization. Our results revealed that the ArgDX nanogel could promote greater antigen uptake and storage in DCs in vitro and promoted a stronger immunogenic maturation of DCs and M1 polarization of the macrophages. The OVA signals were co-localized with lysosomal compartments up till 96 hours post-treatment and washing, suggesting the nanogels could facilitate prolonged antigen storage and supply from endo-lysosomal compartments. Furthermore, all the tested nanogel formulations retained antigens at the skin injection sites until day 21. Such delayed clearance could be due to the formation of micron-sized aggregates of OVA-laden nanogels, extending the interactions with the resident DCs. Amongst the amino acid modifications, ArgDX nanogels promoted the highest level of lymph node homing signal CCR7 on DCs. The nanogels also showed higher antigen presentation on both MHC-I and II than DX in vitro. In the in vivo immune studies, ArgDX nanogels were more superior in inducing cellular and humoral immunity than the other treatment groups on day 21 post-treatment. These results suggested that ArgDX nanogel is a promising self-adjuvanted nanocarrier for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Teng Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Mehrnoosh Rafiei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ying Chau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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19
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Yang JK, Kwon H, Kim S. Recent advances in light-triggered cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2650-2669. [PMID: 38353138 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Light-triggered phototherapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), have shown strong therapeutic efficacy with minimal invasiveness and systemic toxicity, offering opportunities for tumor-specific therapies. Phototherapies not only induce direct tumor cell killing, but also trigger anti-tumor immune responses by releasing various immune-stimulating factors. In recent years, conventional phototherapies have been combined with cancer immunotherapy as synergistic therapeutic modalities to eradicate cancer by exploiting the innate and adaptive immunity. These combined photoimmunotherapies have demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis compared to phototherapy alone. This review covers recent advancements in combined photoimmunotherapy, including photoimmunotherapy (PIT), PDT-combined immunotherapy, and PTT-combined immunotherapy, along with their underlying anti-tumor immune response mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and future research directions for light-triggered cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayoon Kwon
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lin YJ, Zimmermann J, Schülke S. Novel adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy: where do we stand? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348305. [PMID: 38464539 PMCID: PMC10920236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity, or so-called type I allergy, is caused by Th2-mediated immune responses directed against otherwise harmless environmental antigens. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment with the potential to re-establish clinical tolerance towards the corresponding allergen(s). However, conventional AIT has certain drawbacks, including long treatment durations, the risk of inducing allergic side effects, and the fact that allergens by themselves have a rather low immunogenicity. To improve AIT, adjuvants can be a powerful tool not only to increase the immunogenicity of co-applied allergens but also to induce the desired immune activation, such as promoting allergen-specific Th1- or regulatory responses. This review summarizes the knowledge on adjuvants currently approved for use in human AIT: aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline tyrosine, and MPLA, as well as novel adjuvants that have been studied in recent years: oil-in-water emulsions, virus-like particles, viral components, carbohydrate-based adjuvants (QS-21, glucans, and mannan) and TLR-ligands (flagellin and CpG-ODN). The investigated adjuvants show distinct properties, such as prolonging allergen release at the injection site, inducing allergen-specific IgG production while also reducing IgE levels, as well as promoting differentiation and activation of different immune cells. In the future, better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of these adjuvants in clinical settings may help us to improve AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lin
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Section Research Allergology (ALG 5), Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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21
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Ehrman RN, Brohlin OR, Wijesundara YH, Kumari S, Trashi O, Howlett TS, Trashi I, Herbert FC, Raja A, Koirala S, Tran N, Al-Kharji NM, Tang W, Senarathna MC, Hagge LM, Smaldone RA, Gassensmith JJ. A scalable synthesis of adjuvanting antigen depots based on metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2731-2744. [PMID: 38404371 PMCID: PMC10882496 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have saved countless lives by preventing and even irradicating infectious diseases. Commonly used subunit vaccines comprising one or multiple recombinant proteins isolated from a pathogen demonstrate a better safety profile than live or attenuated vaccines. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is weak, and therefore, subunit vaccines require a series of doses to achieve sufficient immunity against the pathogen. Here, we show that the biomimetic mineralization of the inert model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) significantly improves the humoral immune response over three bolus doses of OVA (OVA 3×). Encapsulation of OVA in ZIF-8 (OVA@ZIF) demonstrated higher serum antibody titers against OVA than OVA 3×. OVA@ZIF vaccinated mice displayed higher populations of germinal center (GC) B cells and IgG1+ GC B cells as opposed to OVA 3×, indicative of class-switching recombination. We show that the mechanism of this phenomenon is at least partly owed to the metalloimmunological effects of the zinc metal as well as the sustained release of OVA from the ZIF-8 composite. The system acts as an antigen reservoir for antigen-presenting cells to traffic into the draining lymph node, enhancing the humoral response. Lastly, our model system OVA@ZIF is produced quickly at the gram scale in a laboratory setting, sufficient for up to 20 000 vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne N Ehrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Arun Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Nancy Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Milinda C Senarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
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22
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van Strien J, Makurat M, Zeng Y, Olsthoorn R, Schneider GF, Slütter B, MacKay JA, Jiskoot W, Kros A. Noncovalent Conjugation of OVA323 to ELP Micelles Increases Immune Response. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1027-1037. [PMID: 38166400 PMCID: PMC10865353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines would benefit from a safe particle-based adjuvant. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-based micelles are interesting candidate adjuvants due to their well-defined size and easy modification with protein-based cargo. Coiled coils can facilitate noncovalent modifications, while potentially enhancing antigen delivery through interaction with cell membranes. ELP micelles comprise ELP diblock copolymers that self-assemble above a critical micelle temperature. In this study, an amphiphilic ELP was conjugated to peptide "K", which forms a heterodimeric coiled-coil complex with peptide "E". Self-assembled "covalent" micelles containing ELP-OVA323 (i.e., model antigen OVA323 conjugated to ELP), "coiled-coil" micelles containing ELP-K/E-OVA323 and "hybrid" micelles containing ELP-K and ELP-OVA323 were shown to be monodisperse and spherical. Dendritic cells (DCs) were exposed to all micelle compositions, and T-cell proliferation was investigated. The presence of ELP-K enhanced micelle uptake and subsequent DC maturation, resulting in enhanced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, which makes ELPs with coiled coil-associated antigens a promising vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolinde van Strien
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Max Makurat
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Olsthoorn
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory F. Schneider
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Andrew MacKay
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121, United States
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Department
of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Baskar Murthy A, Palaniappan V, Karthikeyan K. Aluminium in dermatology - Inside story of an innocuous metal. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-9. [PMID: 38595024 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_188_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium, the third most abundant element in the earth's crust, was long considered virtually innocuous to humans but has gained importance in the recent past. Aluminium is ubiquitous in the environment, with various sources of exposure like cosmetics, the food industry, occupational industries, the medical field, transport and electronics. Aluminium finds its utility in various aspects of dermatology as an effective haemostatic agent, anti-perspirant and astringent. Aluminium has a pivotal role to play in wound healing, calciphylaxis, photodynamic therapy and vaccine immunotherapy with diagnostic importance in Finn chamber patch testing and confocal microscopy. The metal also finds significance in cosmetic procedures like microdermabrasion and as an Nd:YAG laser component. It is important to explore the allergic properties of aluminium, as in contact dermatitis and vaccine granulomas. The controversial role of aluminium in breast cancer and breast cysts also needs to be evaluated by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Baskar Murthy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
| | - Vijayasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
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24
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Sun P, Cheng B, Ru J, Li X, Fang G, Xie Y, Shi G, Hou J, Zhao L, Gan L, Ma L, Liang C, Chen Y, Li Z. Nano-carrier DMSN for effective multi-antigen vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38167103 PMCID: PMC10763455 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a profound impact on the global health and economy. While mass vaccination for herd immunity is effective, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants can evade spike protein-based COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we develop a new immunization strategy by utilizing a nanocarrier, dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (DMSN), to deliver the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and conserved T-cell epitope peptides (DMSN-P-R), aiming to activate both humoral and cellular immune responses in the host. The synthesized DMSN had good uniformity and dispersion and showed a strong ability to load the RBD and peptide antigens, enhancing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promoting antigen delivery to lymph nodes. The DMSN-P-R vaccine elicited potent humoral immunity, characterized by highly specific RBD antibodies. Neutralization tests demonstrated significant antibody-mediated neutralizing activity against live SARS-CoV-2. Crucially, the DMSN-P-R vaccine also induced robust T-cell responses that were specifically stimulated by the RBD and conserved T-cell epitope peptides of SARS-CoV-2. The DMSN demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and biosafety in vitro and in vivo, along with degradability. Our study introduces a promising vaccine strategy that utilizes nanocarriers to deliver a range of antigens, effectively enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses to prevent virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Bingsheng Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jiaxi Ru
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Guicun Fang
- Microscopy Core Facility, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Yinli Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Guangjiang Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Jichao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Longwei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Lipeng Gan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Lina Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China.
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25
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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26
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Siram K, Lathrop SK, Abdelwahab WM, Tee R, Davison CJ, Partlow HA, Evans JT, Burkhart DJ. Co-Delivery of Novel Synthetic TLR4 and TLR7/8 Ligands Adsorbed to Aluminum Salts Promotes Th1-Mediated Immunity against Poorly Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 38250834 PMCID: PMC10818338 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective vaccines against COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide, pressing the need for new vaccines with improved breadth and durability. We developed an adjuvanted subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spikes with synthetic adjuvants targeting TLR7/8 (INI-4001) and TLR4 (INI-2002), co-delivered with aluminum hydroxide (AH) or aluminum phosphate (AP). The formulations were characterized for the quantities of RBD, INI-4001, and INI-2002 adsorbed onto the respective aluminum salts. Results indicated that at pH 6, the uncharged RBD (5.73 ± 4.2 mV) did not efficiently adsorb to the positively charged AH (22.68 ± 7.01 mV), whereas it adsorbed efficiently to the negatively charged AP (-31.87 ± 0.33 mV). Alternatively, pre-adsorption of the TLR ligands to AH converted it to a negatively charged particle, allowing for the efficient adsorption of RBD. RBD could also be directly adsorbed to AH at a pH of 8.1, which changed the charge of the RBD to negative. INI-4001 and INI-2002 efficiently to AH. Following vaccination in C57BL/6 mice, both aluminum salts promoted Th2-mediated immunity when used as the sole adjuvant. Co-delivery with TLR4 and/or TLR7/8 ligands efficiently promoted a switch to Th1-mediated immunity instead. Measurements of viral neutralization by serum antibodies demonstrated that the addition of TLR ligands to alum also greatly improved the neutralizing antibody response. These results indicate that the addition of a TLR7/8 and/or TLR4 agonist to a subunit vaccine containing RBD antigen and alum is a promising strategy for driving a Th1 response and neutralizing antibody titers targeting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.L.); (W.M.A.); (R.T.); (C.J.D.); (H.A.P.); (J.T.E.)
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27
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Liu X, Min Q, Song H, Yue A, Li Q, Zhou Q, Han W. Potentiating humoral and cellular immunity using a novel hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticle adjuvant for HBsAg-VLP vaccine. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:441. [PMID: 37993870 PMCID: PMC10666313 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants are commonly used in vaccines to stimulate the immune system, but they have limited ability to promote cellular immunity which is necessary for clearing viral infections like hepatitis B. Current adjuvants that do promote cellular immunity often have undesired side effects due to the immunostimulants they contain. In this study, a hybrid polymer lipid nanoparticle (HPLNP) was developed as an efficient adjuvant for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine to potentiate both humoral and cellular immunity. The HPLNP is composed of FDA approved polyethylene glycol-b-poly (L-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) polymer and cationic lipid 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and can be easily prepared by a one-step method. The cationic optimised vaccine formulation HBsAg/HPLNP (w/w = 1/600) can maximise the cell uptake of the antigen due to the electrostatic adsorption between the vaccine nanoparticle and the cell membrane of antigen-presenting cells. The HPLNP prolonged the retention of the antigen at the injection site and enhanced the lymph node drainage of antigen, resulting in a higher concentration of serum anti-HBsAg IgG compared to the HBsAg group or the HBsAg/Al group after the boost immunisation in mice. The HPLNP also promoted a strong Th1-driven immune response, as demonstrated by the significantly improved IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, increased production of IFN-γ, and activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Importantly, the HPLNP demonstrated no systemic toxicity during immunisation. The advantages of the HPLNP, including good biocompatibility, easy preparation, low cost, and its ability to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses, suggest its suitability as an efficient adjuvant for protein-based vaccines such as HBsAg-VLP. These findings highlight the promising potential of the HPLNP as an HBV vaccine adjuvant, offering an alternative to aluminium adjuvants currently used in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxia Min
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiping Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Aochun Yue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Shin S, Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Kim SM, Park JH, Lee MJ. Inactivated vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid adjuvant elicits potent innate and adaptive immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289065. [PMID: 38029108 PMCID: PMC10644816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease that is fatal to young animals and is a major threat to the agricultural economy by reducing production and limiting the movement of livestock. The currently commercially-available FMD vaccine is prepared using an inactivated viral antigen in an oil emulsion, with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] as an adjuvant. However, oil emulsion-based options possess limitations including slow increases in antibody titers (up to levels adequate for defense against viral infection) and risks of local reactions at the vaccination site. Further, Al(OH)3 only induces a T helper 2 (Th2) cell response. Therefore, novel adjuvants that can address these limitations are urgently needed. Glycyrrhizic acid (extracted from licorice roots) is a triterpenoid saponin and has great advantages in terms of price and availability. Methods To address the limitations of the currently used commercial FMD vaccine, we added glycyrrhizic acid as an adjuvant (immunostimulant) to the FMD bivalent (O PA2 + A YC) vaccine. We then evaluated its efficacy in promoting both innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune reactions in vitro [using murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] and in vivo (using mice and pigs). Results Glycyrrhizic acid has been revealed to induce an innate immune response and enhance early, mid-, and long-term immunity. The studied bivalent vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid increased the expression of immunoregulatory genes such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokines, transcription factors, and co-stimulatory molecules. Conclusion Collectively, glycyrrhizic acid could have utility as a novel vaccine adjuvant that can address the limitations of commercialized FMD vaccines by inducing potent innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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29
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Liu X, Liu Y, Yang X, Lu X, Xu XN, Zhang J, Chen R. Potentiating the Immune Responses of HBsAg-VLP Vaccine Using a Polyphosphoester-Based Cationic Polymer Adjuvant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48871-48881. [PMID: 37816068 PMCID: PMC10614196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are required to be associated with a suitable adjuvant to potentiate their immune responses. Herein, we report a novel, biodegradable, and biocompatible polyphosphoester-based amphiphilic cationic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aminoethyl ethylene phosphate) (PEG-PAEEP), as a Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-VLP vaccine adjuvant. The polymer adjuvant effectively bound with HBsAg-VLP through electrostatic interactions to form a stable vaccine nanoformulation with a net positive surface charge. The nanoformulations exhibited enhanced cellular uptake by macrophages. HBsAg-VLP/PEG-PAEEP induced a significantly higher HBsAg-specific IgG titer in mice than HBsAg-VLP alone after second immunization, indicative of the antigen-dose sparing advantage of PEG-PAEEP. Furthermore, the nanoformulations exhibited a favorable biocompatibility and in vivo tolerability. This work presents the PEG-PAEEP copolymer as a promising vaccine adjuvant and as a potentially effective alternative to aluminum adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University
General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518051, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- AIM
Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xiao-Ning Xu
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- AIM
Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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30
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Kumru OS, Sanyal M, Friedland N, Hickey JM, Joshi R, Weidenbacher P, Do J, Cheng YC, Kim PS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines. Vaccine 2023; 41:6502-6513. [PMID: 37620203 PMCID: PMC11181998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective second-generation COVID-19 vaccines to improve affordability and storage stability requirements remains a high priority to expand global coverage. In this report, we describe formulation development and comparability studies with a self-assembled SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen (called DCFHP), when produced in two different cell lines and formulated with an aluminum-salt adjuvant (Alhydrogel, AH). Varying levels of phosphate buffer altered the extent and strength of antigen-adjuvant interactions, and these formulations were evaluated for their (1) in vivo performance in mice and (2) in vitro stability profiles. Unadjuvanted DCFHP produced minimal immune responses while AH-adjuvanted formulations elicited greatly enhanced pseudovirus neutralization titers independent of ∼100%, ∼40% or ∼10% of the DCFHP antigen adsorbed to AH. These formulations differed, however, in their in vitro stability properties as determined by biophysical studies and a competitive ELISA for measuring ACE2 receptor binding of AH-bound antigen. Interestingly, after one month of 4°C storage, small increases in antigenicity with concomitant decreases in the ability to desorb the antigen from the AH were observed. Finally, we performed a comparability assessment of DCFHP antigen produced in Expi293 and CHO cells, which displayed expected differences in their N-linked oligosaccharide profiles. Despite consisting of different DCFHP glycoforms, these two preparations were highly similar in their key quality attributes including molecular size, structural integrity, conformational stability, binding to ACE2 receptor and mouse immunogenicity profiles. Taken together, these studies support future preclinical and clinical development of an AH-adjuvanted DCFHP vaccine candidate produced in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Friedland
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Richa Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Payton Weidenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Do
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ya-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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31
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Zhang T, Magazine N, McGee MC, Carossino M, Veggiani G, Kousoulas KG, August A, Huang W. Th2 and Th17-Associated Immunopathology Following SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection in Spike-Vaccinated ACE2-humanized Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563016. [PMID: 37904941 PMCID: PMC10614945 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19; however, concerns regarding vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2-biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2-humanized mice with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG-ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses, reduced viral titers, and enhanced host survival. However, following a breakthrough infection, vaccinated animals exhibited severe pulmonary immunopathology, characterized by a significant perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, along with increased expression of Th2/Th17 cytokines. Intracellular flow cytometric analysis revealed a systemic Th17 inflammatory response, particularly pronounced in the lungs. Our data demonstrate that aluminum/CpG adjuvants induce strong antibody and Th1-associated immunity against COVID-19 but also prime a robust Th2/Th17 inflammatory response, which may contribute to the rapid onset of T cell-mediated pulmonary immunopathology following a breakthrough infection. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to unravel the complexities of VAERD in COVID-19 and to enhance vaccine formulations for broad protection and maximum safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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32
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Cao L, Qian W, Li W, Ma Z, Xie S. Type III interferon exerts thymic stromal lymphopoietin in mediating adaptive antiviral immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250541. [PMID: 37809098 PMCID: PMC10556530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was believed that type III interferon (IFN-III) has functions similar to those of type I interferon (IFN-I). However, recently, emerging findings have increasingly indicated the non-redundant role of IFN-III in innate antiviral immune responses. Still, the regulatory activity of IFN-III in adaptive immune response has not been clearly reported yet due to the low expression of IFN-III receptors on most immune cells. In the present study, we reviewed the adjuvant, antiviral, antitumor, and disease-moderating activities of IFN-III in adaptive immunity; moreover, we further elucidated the mechanisms of IFN-III in mediating the adaptive antiviral immune response in a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-dependent manner, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in mucosal adaptive immunity. Research has shown that IFN-III can enhance the antiviral immunogenic response in mouse species by activating germinal center B (GC B) cell responses after stimulating TSLP production by microfold (M) cells, while in human species, TSLP exerts OX40L for regulating GC B cell immune responses, which may also depend on IFN-III. In conclusion, our review highlights the unique role of the IFN-III/TSLP axis in mediating host adaptive immunity, which is mechanically different from IFN-I. Therefore, the IFN-III/TSLP axis may provide novel insights for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyue Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M. Peptide-based vaccine for cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210044. [PMID: 37654484 PMCID: PMC10467431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different strategies based on peptides are available for cancer treatment, in particular to counter-act the progression of tumor growth and disease relapse. In the last decade, in the context of therapeutic strategies against cancer, peptide-based vaccines have been evaluated in different tumor models. The peptides selected for cancer vaccine development can be classified in two main type: tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), which are captured, internalized, processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cell-mediated immunity. Peptides loaded onto MHC class I are recognized by a specific TCR of CD8+ T cells, which are activated to exert their cytotoxic activity against tumor cells presenting the same peptide-MHC-I complex. This process is defined as active immunotherapy as the host's immune system is either de novo activated or restimulated to mount an effective, tumor-specific immune reaction that may ultimately lead to tu-mor regression. However, while the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, therapeutic cancer vaccines clinical trials, including those based on peptides have not provided satisfactory data to date. The limited efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines is the consequence of several factors, including the identification of specific target tumor antigens, the limited immunogenicity of peptides and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). An effective cancer vaccine can be developed only by addressing all such different aspects. The present review describes the state of the art for each of such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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34
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Bo C, Wei X, Wang X, Ji W, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang H. Physicochemical properties and adsorption state of aluminum adjuvants with different processes in vaccines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18800. [PMID: 37560692 PMCID: PMC10407736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum salts are by far the most widely used adjuvants for human vaccines, showing acceptable safety and efficacy. Previous studies have shown that each aluminum adjuvant have different charges and morphologies, but whether the manufacturing and production processes affects the physicochemical properties of aluminum adjuvant has not yet been reported. In this study, we explored the physical and chemical properties of different aluminum adjuvants and Hib, sIPV antigens through particle size, zeta potential and morphological characteristics. The adsorption rate and efficacy were also investigated. The results showed that the preparation process had an impact on the physical and chemical properties of aluminum adjuvants, including differences in the particle size,zeta potential and morphological structure. Hib vaccine had larger particle size than sIPV vaccine with different aluminum adjuvants in the process of vaccine preparation. In addition, by measuring the adsorption rate, increasing the concentration of phosphate or Aluminum phosphate (AP) can improve the adsorption rate of Hib, but Aluminium hydroxide (AH) and amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS) adjuvants are not affected. In vivo result showed that increasing the adsorption rate of Hib could enhance the Hib-IgG antibody titers. In conclusion, this study provides a reference for the application of adjuvants in vaccines by studying the physicochemical properties and adsorption conditions of different aluminum adjuvants and antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wenheng Ji
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China
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35
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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36
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Wang D, Yu Z, Qi Y, Hu K, Zhou T, Liu J, Rao W. Liquid Metal Nanoplatform Based Autologous Cancer Vaccines. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13278-13295. [PMID: 37253081 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been vigorously sought to bolster host adaptive immunity against metastatic cancers, but tumor heterogeneity, ineffective antigen utilization, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hinder their clinical applications. Autologous antigen adsorbability and stimulus-release carrier coupling with immunoadjuvant capacity are urgent for personalized cancer vaccines. Here, we propose a perspective strategy of using a multipotent gallium-based liquid metal (LM) nanoplatform for personalized in situ cancer vaccines (ISCVs). The antigen-capturing and immunostimulatory LM nanoplatform can not only effectively destroy orthotopic tumors to generate multifarious autologous antigens upon external energy stimulation (photothermal/photodynamic effect) but also capture and transport antigens into dendritic cells (DCs) to enhance antigen utilization (adequate DCs uptake, antigen-endo/lysosomal escape) and facilitate DCs activation (mimic alum immunoadjuvant capacity), which ultimately awaken systemic antitumor immunity (expand cytotoxic T lymphocytes and modulate tumor microenvironment). With immune checkpoint blockade (anti-PD-L1) to further relieve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the positive tumoricidal immunity feedback loop was established to effectively eliminate orthotopic tumors, inhibit abscopal tumor growth, relapse, and metastasis as well as tumor-specific prevention. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of a multipotent LM nanoplatform for personalized ISCVs, which will open frontier exploration of LM-based immunostimulatory biomaterials and may encourage further investigation of precise individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongyang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Yuxia Qi
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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37
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Ryan NM, Hess JA, Robertson EJ, Tricoche N, Turner C, Davis J, Petrovsky N, Ferguson M, Rinaldi WJ, Wong VM, Shimada A, Zhan B, Bottazzi ME, Makepeace BL, Gray SA, Carter D, Lustigman S, Abraham D. Adjuvanted Fusion Protein Vaccine Induces Durable Immunity to Onchocerca volvulus in Mice and Non-Human Primates. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1212. [PMID: 37515028 PMCID: PMC10385774 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis remains a debilitating neglected tropical disease. Due to the many challenges of current control methods, an effective vaccine against the causative agent Onchocerca volvulus is urgently needed. Mice and cynomolgus macaque non-human primates (NHPs) were immunized with a vaccine consisting of a fusion of two O. volvulus protein antigens, Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 (Ov-FUS-1), and three different adjuvants: Advax-CpG, alum, and AlT4. All vaccine formulations induced high antigen-specific IgG titers in both mice and NHPs. Challenging mice with O. volvulus L3 contained within subcutaneous diffusion chambers demonstrated that Ov-FUS-1/Advax-CpG-immunized animals developed protective immunity, durable for at least 11 weeks. Passive transfer of sera, collected at several time points, from both mice and NHPs immunized with Ov-FUS-1/Advax-CpG transferred protection to naïve mice. These results demonstrate that Ov-FUS-1 with the adjuvant Advax-CpG induces durable protective immunity against O. volvulus in mice and NHPs that is mediated by vaccine-induced humoral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jessica A Hess
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Erica J Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nancy Tricoche
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Jenn Davis
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayako Shimada
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin L Makepeace
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Sean A Gray
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Seida I, Alrais M, Seida R, Alwani A, Kiyak Z, Elsalti A, Nil Esirgun S, Abali T, Mahroum N. Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): past, present, and future implications. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:87-101. [PMID: 36881788 PMCID: PMC10324553 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants, as the name indicates, are adjoined material aimed to assist in functioning as when added to vaccines they are meant to boost the effect and strongly stimulate the immune system. The response of the immune system can be unpredictable, and the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was developed to address possible adverse reactions of an autoimmune and inflammatory type that may be caused by adjuvants. While ASIA, as a syndrome, was coined and defined in 2011; reports describing patients with vague and nonspecific clinical symptoms following vaccinations appeared much earlier. In other words, ASIA came to define, arrange, and unite the variety of symptoms, related to autoimmunity, caused not by the vaccine itself, rather by the adjuvant part of the vaccine such as aluminum, among others. Accordingly, the introduction of ASIA enabled better understanding, proper diagnosis, and early treatment of the disorder. Furthermore, ASIA was shown to be associated with almost all body systems and various rheumatic and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. In addition, the correlation between COVID-19 and ASIA was noticed during the pandemic. In this review, we summarized the reported effects of adjuvants and medical literature before and after ASIA was defined, the several ways ASIA can manifest and impact different systems of the body, and the incidences of ASIA during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to clarify, that vaccines are among, if not the, most effective means of fighting infectious diseases however, we believe that vaccines manufacturing is not above criticism, particularly when it comes to added substances possessing a risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Alrais
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ravend Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkarim Alwani
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kiyak
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulrahman Elsalti
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevval Nil Esirgun
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Abali
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Filipić B, Pantelić I, Nikolić I, Majhen D, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Savić S, Krajišnik D. Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1172. [PMID: 37514991 PMCID: PMC10385383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases. However, there is a constant need to improve existing vaccines and develop new vaccination strategies and vaccine platforms that induce a broader immune response compared to traditional vaccines. Modern vaccines tend to rely on certain nanotechnology platforms but are still expected to be readily available and easy for large-scale manufacturing and to induce a durable immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the most promising nanoadjuvants and nanoparticulate delivery systems and discuss their benefits from tehchnological and immunological standpoints as well as their objective drawbacks and possible side effects. The presented nano alums, silica and clay nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, adenoviral-vectored systems, adeno-associated viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, virus-like particles (including bacteriophage-based ones) and virosomes indicate that vaccine developers can now choose different adjuvants and/or delivery systems as per the requirement, specific to combatting different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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40
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Zhang T, He P, Guo D, Chen K, Hu Z, Zou Y. Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1756. [PMID: 37376204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear. Thus far, researchers have proposed the following mechanisms: (1) depot effect, (2) phagocytosis, (3) activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway NLRP3, (4) host cell DNA release, and other mechanisms of action. Having an overview on recent studies to increase our comprehension on the mechanisms by which aluminum-containing adjuvants adsorb antigens and the effects of adsorption on antigen stability and immune response has become a mainstream research trend. Aluminum-containing adjuvants can enhance immune response through a variety of molecular pathways, but there are still significant challenges in designing effective immune-stimulating vaccine delivery systems with aluminum-containing adjuvants. At present, studies on the acting mechanism of aluminum-containing adjuvants mainly focus on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. This review will take aluminum phosphate as a representative to discuss the immune stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and the differences between aluminum phosphate adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants, as well as the research progress on the improvement of aluminum phosphate adjuvants (including the improvement of the adjuvant formula, nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvants and a first-grade composite adjuvant containing aluminum phosphate). Based on such related knowledge, determining optimal formulation to develop effective and safe aluminium-containing adjuvants for different vaccines will become more substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Sinovac Biotech Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Peng He
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Dejia Guo
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Kaixi Chen
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Yening Zou
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
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41
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Kim JY, Rosenberger MG, Rutledge NS, Esser-Kahn AP. Next-Generation Adjuvants: Applying Engineering Methods to Create and Evaluate Novel Immunological Responses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1687. [PMID: 37376133 PMCID: PMC10300703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are a critical component of vaccines. Adjuvants typically target receptors that activate innate immune signaling pathways. Historically, adjuvant development has been laborious and slow, but has begun to accelerate over the past decade. Current adjuvant development consists of screening for an activating molecule, formulating lead molecules with an antigen, and testing this combination in an animal model. There are very few adjuvants approved for use in vaccines, however, as new candidates often fail due to poor clinical efficacy, intolerable side effects, or formulation limitations. Here, we consider new approaches using tools from engineering to improve next-generation adjuvant discovery and development. These approaches will create new immunological outcomes that will be evaluated with novel diagnostic tools. Potential improved immunological outcomes include reduced vaccine reactogenicity, tunable adaptive responses, and enhanced adjuvant delivery. Evaluations of these outcomes can leverage computational approaches to interpret "big data" obtained from experimentation. Applying engineering concepts and solutions will provide alternative perspectives, further accelerating the field of adjuvant discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.Y.K.); (M.G.R.); (N.S.R.)
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42
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Bauer DL, Bachnak L, Limbert VM, Horowitz RM, Baudier RL, D'Souza SJ, Immethun VE, Kurtz JR, Grant SB, McLachlan JB. The Adjuvant Combination of dmLT and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Activates the Canonical, Nonpyroptotic NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dendritic Cells and Significantly Interacts to Expand Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1519-1530. [PMID: 37023458 PMCID: PMC10159919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are often essential additions to vaccines that enhance the activation of innate immune cells, leading to more potent and protective T and B cell responses. Only a few vaccine adjuvants are currently used in approved vaccine formulations in the United States. Combinations of one or more adjuvants have the potential to increase the efficacy of existing and next-generation vaccines. In this study, we investigated how the nontoxic double mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin R192G/L211A (dmLT), when combined with the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A), impacted innate and adaptive immune responses to vaccination in mice. We found that the combination of dmLT and MPL-A induced an expansion of Ag-specific, multifaceted Th1/2/17 CD4 T cells higher than that explained by adding responses to either adjuvant alone. Furthermore, we observed more robust activation of primary mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the combination adjuvant-treated group via engagement of the canonical NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. This was marked by a multiplicative increase in the secretion of active IL-1β that was independent of classical gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis. Moreover, the combination adjuvant increased the production of the secondary messengers cAMP and PGE2 in dendritic cells. These results demonstrate how certain adjuvant combinations could be used to potentiate better vaccine responses to combat a variety of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Louay Bachnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Vanessa M Limbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Rebecca M Horowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robin L Baudier
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaina J D'Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Victoria E Immethun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jonathan R Kurtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Samuel B Grant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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43
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Estephan L, Liu LTC, Lien CE, Smith ER, Gurwith M, Chen RT. A Brighton Collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit/risk assessment for the Medigen COVID-19 protein vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:2615-2629. [PMID: 36925422 PMCID: PMC9981522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The Brighton Collaboration Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) Working Group has prepared standardized templates to describe the key considerations for the benefit-risk assessment of several vaccine platform technologies, including protein subunit vaccines. This article uses the BRAVATO template to review the features of the MVC-COV1901 vaccine, a recombinant protein subunit vaccine based on the stabilized pre-fusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S-2P, adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide, manufactured by Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation in Taiwan. MVC-COV1901 vaccine is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 12 years of age and older. The template offers details on basic vaccine information, target pathogen and population, characteristics of antigen and adjuvant, preclinical data, human safety and efficacy data, and overall benefit-risk assessment. The clinical development program began in September 2020 and based on demonstration of favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles in 11 clinical trials in over 5,000 participants, it has been approved for emergency use based on immunobridging results for adults in Taiwan, Estwatini, Somaliland, and Paraguay. The main clinical trials include placebo-controlled phase 2 studies in healthy adults (CT-COV-21), adolescents (CT-COV-22), and elderly population (CT-COV-23) as well as 3 immunobridging phase 3 trials (CT-COV-31, CT-COV-32, and CT-COV-34) in which MVC-COV1901 was compared to AZD1222. There are also clinical trials studying MVC-COV1901 as homologous and heterologous boosters (CT-COV-24 and CT-COV-25). The totality of evidence based on ∼3 million vaccinees to date includes a mostly clean safety profile, with adverse events mostly being mild and self-limiting in both clinical development and post-marketing experience, proven immunogenic response, and real-world effectiveness data. The immunogenic profile demonstrates that MVC-COV1901 induces high levels of neutralizing and binding antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. There is a dose-dependent response and a significant correlation between binding and neutralizing antibody activity. Antigen-specific T-cell responses, particularly a Th1-biased immune response characterized by high levels of interferon gamma and IL-2 cytokines, have also been observed. Coupled with this, MVC-COV1901 has favorable thermostability and better safety profiles when compared to other authorized vaccines from different platforms, which make it potentially a good candidate for vaccine supply chains in global markets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chia En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp., Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily R Smith
- Brighton Collaboration, A Program of the Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
| | - Marc Gurwith
- Brighton Collaboration, A Program of the Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Robert T Chen
- Brighton Collaboration, A Program of the Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
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Kumru OS, Sanyal M, Friedland N, Hickey J, Joshi R, Weidenbacher P, Do J, Cheng YC, Kim PS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535447. [PMID: 37066156 PMCID: PMC10103975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective second-generation COVID-19 vaccines to improve affordability and storage stability requirements remains a high priority to expand global coverage. In this report, we describe formulation development and comparability studies with a self-assembled SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen (called DCFHP), when produced in two different cell lines and formulated with an aluminum-salt adjuvant (Alhydrogel, AH). Varying levels of phosphate buffer altered the extent and strength of antigen-adjuvant interactions, and these formulations were evaluated for their (1) in vivo performance in mice and (2) in vitro stability profiles. Unadjuvanted DCFHP produced minimal immune responses while AH-adjuvanted formulations elicited greatly enhanced pseudovirus neutralization titers independent of ∼100%, ∼40% or ∼10% of the DCFHP antigen adsorbed to AH. These formulations differed, however, in their in vitro stability properties as determined by biophysical studies and a competitive ELISA for measuring ACE2 receptor binding of AH-bound antigen. Interestingly, after one month of 4°C storage, small increases in antigenicity with concomitant decreases in the ability to desorb the antigen from the AH were observed. Finally, we performed a comparability assessment of DCFHP antigen produced in Expi293 and CHO cells, which displayed expected differences in their N-linked oligosaccharide profiles. Despite consisting of different DCFHP glycoforms, these two preparations were highly similar in their key quality attributes including molecular size, structural integrity, conformational stability, binding to ACE2 receptor and mouse immunogenicity profiles. Taken together, these studies support future preclinical and clinical development of an AH-adjuvanted DCFHP vaccine candidate produced in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Friedland
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Richa Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Payton Weidenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Do
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ya-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Tavukcuoglu E, Yanik H, Parveen M, Uluturk S, Durusu-Tanriover M, Inkaya AC, Akova M, Unal S, Esendagli G. Human memory T cell dynamics after aluminum-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4610. [PMID: 36944716 PMCID: PMC10028771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the functional capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ terminally-differentiated effector (TEMRA), central memory (TCM), and effector memory (TEM) cells obtained from the volunteers vaccinated with an aluminum-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac). The volunteers were followed for T cell immune responses following the termination of a randomized phase III clinical trial. Seven days and four months after the second dose of the vaccine, the memory T cell subsets were collected and stimulated by autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1. Compared to the placebo group, memory T cells from the vaccinated individuals significantly proliferated in response to S1-loaded mDCs. CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell proliferation was detected in 86% and 78% of the vaccinated individuals, respectively. More than 73% (after a short-term) and 62% (after an intermediate-term) of the vaccinated individuals harbored TCM and/or TEM cells that responded to S1-loaded mDCs by secreting IFN-γ. The expression of CD25, CD38, 4-1BB, PD-1, and CD107a indicated a modulation in the memory T cell subsets. Especially on day 120, PD-1 was upregulated on CD4+ TEMRA and TCM, and on CD8+ TEM and TCM cells; accordingly, proliferation and IFN-γ secretion capacities tended to decline after 4 months. In conclusion, the combination of inactivated whole-virion particles with aluminum adjuvants possesses capacities to induce functional T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tavukcuoglu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Yanik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mubaida Parveen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sila Uluturk
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Durusu-Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Akova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hendy DA, Haven A, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Preclinical developments in the delivery of protein antigens for vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:367-384. [PMID: 36731824 PMCID: PMC9992317 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2176844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine technology has constantly advanced since its origin. One of these advancements is where purified parts of a pathogen are used rather than the whole pathogen. Subunit vaccines have no chance of causing disease; however, alone these antigens are often poorly immunogenic. Therefore, they can be paired with immune stimulating adjuvants. Further, subunits can be combined with delivery strategies such as nano/microparticles to enrich their delivery to organs and cells of interest as well as protect them from in vivo degradation. Here, we seek to highlight some of the more promising delivery strategies for protein antigens. AREAS COVERED We present a brief description of the different types of vaccines, clinically relevant examples, and their disadvantages when compared to subunit vaccines. Also, specific preclinical examples of delivery strategies for protein antigens. EXPERT OPINION Subunit vaccines provide optimal safety given that they have no risk of causing disease; however, they are often not immunogenic enough on their own to provide protection. Advanced delivery systems are a promising avenue to increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, but scalability and stability can be improved. Further, more research is warranted on systems that promote a mucosal immune response to provide better protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alex Haven
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Panigaj M, Skelly E, Beasock D, Marriott I, Johnson MB, Salotti J, Afonin KA. Therapeutic immunomodulation by rationally designed nucleic acids and nucleic acid nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1053550. [PMID: 36798121 PMCID: PMC9927404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1053550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to defend organisms against exogenous threats such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites by distinguishing between "self" and "non-self". In addition, it guards us against other diseases, such as cancer, by detecting and responding to transformed and senescent cells. However, for survival and propagation, the altered cells and invading pathogens often employ a wide range of mechanisms to avoid, inhibit, or manipulate the immunorecognition. As such, the development of new modes of therapeutic intervention to augment protective and prevent harmful immune responses is desirable. Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential for all forms of life and, therefore, delineating the complex defensive mechanisms developed against non-self nucleic acids can offer an exciting avenue for future biomedicine. Nucleic acid technologies have already established numerous approaches in therapy and biotechnology; recently, rationally designed nucleic acids nanoparticles (NANPs) with regulated physiochemical properties and biological activities has expanded our repertoire of therapeutic options. When compared to conventional therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), NANP technologies can be rendered more beneficial for synchronized delivery of multiple TNAs with defined stabilities, immunological profiles, and therapeutic functions. This review highlights several recent advances and possible future directions of TNA and NANP technologies that are under development for controlled immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Panigaj
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Institute of Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Elizabeth Skelly
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - M. Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jacqueline Salotti
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Wu S, Guo W, Li B, Zhou H, Meng H, Sun J, Li R, Guo D, Zhang X, Li R, Qu W. Progress of polymer-based strategies in fungal disease management: Designed for different roles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142029. [PMID: 37033476 PMCID: PMC10073610 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases have posed a great challenge to global health, but have fewer solutions compared to bacterial and viral infections. Development and application of new treatment modalities for fungi are limited by their inherent essential properties as eukaryotes. The microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analyze are limited by their proliferation rates. Moreover, there are currently no vaccines for prevention. Polymer science and related interdisciplinary technologies have revolutionized the field of fungal disease management. To date, numerous advanced polymer-based systems have been developed for management of fungal diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. In this review, we provide an overview of current needs and advances in polymer-based strategies against fungal diseases. We high light various treatment modalities. Delivery systems of antifungal drugs, systems based on polymers' innate antifungal activities, and photodynamic therapies each follow their own mechanisms and unique design clues. We also discuss various prevention strategies including immunization and antifungal medical devices, and further describe point-of-care testing platforms as futuristic diagnostic and monitoring tools. The broad application of polymer-based strategies for both public and personal health management is prospected and integrated systems have become a promising direction. However, there is a gap between experimental studies and clinical translation. In future, well-designed in vivo trials should be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and explore the efficacy as well as biosafety of polymer-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huidong Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongqi Meng
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Changchun American International School, Changchun, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Orthpoeadic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Orhtopeadics, Changchun, China
| | - Deming Guo
- Orthpoeadic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Orhtopeadics, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang, ; Rui Li, ; Wenrui Qu,
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Yu J, Fan X, Luan X, Wang R, Cao B, Qian C, Li G, Li M, Zhao X, Liu H, Wan K, Yuan X. A novel multi-component protein vaccine ECP001 containing a protein polypeptide antigen nPstS1 riching in T-cell epitopes showed good immunogenicity and protection in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138818. [PMID: 37153610 PMCID: PMC10161251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that seriously affects human health. Until now, the only anti-TB vaccine approved for use is the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) vaccine - BCG vaccine, but its protective efficacy is relatively low and does not provide satisfactory protection against TB in adults. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective vaccines to reduce the global TB epidemic. In this study, ESAT-6, CFP-10, two antigens full-length and the T-cell epitope polypeptide antigen of PstS1, named nPstS1, were selected to form one multi-component protein antigens, named ECP001, which include two types, one is a mixed protein antigen named ECP001m, the other is a fusion expression protein antigen named ECP001f, as candidates for protein subunit vaccines. were prepared by constructing one novel subunit vaccine by mixing or fusing the three proteins and combining them with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, and the immunogenicity and protective properties of the vaccine was evaluated in mice. The results showed that ECP001 stimulated mice to produce high titre levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies; meanwhile, high levels of IFN-γ and a broad range of specific cytokines were secreted by mouse splenocytes; in addition, ECP001 inhibited the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro with a capacity comparable to that of BCG. It can be concluded that ECP001 is a novel effective multicomponent subunit vaccine candidate with potential as BCG Initial Immunisation-ECP001 Booster Immunisation or therapeutic vaccine for M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Yu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, College of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guilian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Machao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haican Liu, ; Kanglin Wan, ; Xiuqin Yuan,
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haican Liu, ; Kanglin Wan, ; Xiuqin Yuan,
| | - Xiuqin Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Haican Liu, ; Kanglin Wan, ; Xiuqin Yuan,
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50
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El-Hennamy REED, Mahmoud SM, El-Yamany NA, Hassanein HH, Amer ME, Mohamed AF. Comparative evaluation of gold nanoparticles and Alum as immune enhancers against rabies vaccine and related immune reactivity, physiological, and histopathological alterations: in vivo study. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:32-46. [PMID: 36844690 PMCID: PMC9950229 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to compare the immune-enhancing potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Alum against rabies vaccine and the related immunological, physiological, and histopathological effects. Materials and Methods Alum and AuNPs sole and in combination with rabies vaccine were used at 0.35 mg/mL and 40 nM/mL, respectively. Rats used were categorized into six groups (20/each): control rats, rabies vaccine, aluminum phosphate gel, rabies vaccine adsorbed to Alum, AuNPs, and rabies vaccine adjuvant AuNPs. Results Liver and kidney functions were in the normal range after AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine compared to control. Interleukin-6 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased in groups immunized with Alum and AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine, the peak level was in the case of AuNP adjuvanted vaccine on the 14th day. Ninety days post-vaccination, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against adjuvanted rabies vaccine showed a significantly elevated anti-rabies IgG with AuNPs and Alum adsorbed vaccine compared with unadjuvanted one. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased post-adjuvanted AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine vaccination than in Alum adsorbed vaccine, while MDA was significantly decreased. The histopathological examination revealed detectable alterations post-AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine immunization compared with liver and kidney profiles post-administration of unadjuvanted and non-immunized groups, meanwhile, splenic tissue revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles indicating increased immune reactivity. Conclusion The AuNPs are promising enhancers of the immune response as Alum, and the undesirable effects of AuNPs could be managed by using suitable sizes, shapes, and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Ahmed El-Yamany
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Hassan Hassanein
- The Holding Company for Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (VACSERA-EgyVac), Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- The Holding Company for Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (VACSERA-EgyVac), Giza, Egypt
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