1
|
Sun Y, Lu Y, Pan X, Zhang C, Wang L, Zhang L. Early B lymphocyte subsets in blood predict prognosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1437864. [PMID: 39359725 PMCID: PMC11445034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background B lymphocytes play a key role in immunosuppression. This study investigated the prognostic value of B cell subsets in sepsis. Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess peripheral B cell subsets from patients with sepsis on the first and seventh days following admission, as well as 111 healthy controls. The patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors, based on 28-day prognosis. Results The analysis showed abnormal distribution and selective depletion of B cells and its subsets in the early stages of sepsis. On day 1, compared with survivors, non-survivors showed significant decreases in the proportion and absolute count of transitional (Tr) B cells, reductions in the proportion of CD5+ B cells, and increases in the proportion of double-negative (DN) B cells. On day 7, the proportions and absolute counts of Tr and CD5+ B cells significantly decreased whereas the proportion of DN B cells significantly increased in non-survivors. Ninety-four survivors and 15 non-survivors were included in our paired-sample rank-sum test. Compared to day 1, only the survivors showed significant increases in absolute B, Tr B, and CD5+ B cell counts by day 7. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the proportion of DN B cells on day 1 (hazard ratio = 1.092 [95% confidence interval: 1.035-1.152], P = 0.001) was a risk factor for mortality, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that patients with proportions of DN B cells > 11.81% on day 1 had poorer prognoses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that B cell subset parameters could predict mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.741) and enhanced the prognostic value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (AUC, 0.840). Conclusion Our study revealed that deficiencies of B, Tr B, and CD5+ B cells, as well as a persistent increase in the proportion of DN B cells, were associated with poor prognosis-and that B cell subsets showed predictive value to mortality. These results provide new insights into the roles of B cell subsets in sepsis, as well as ways to better manage its progression and predict its course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinling Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snijckers RPM, Foks AC. Adaptive immunity and atherosclerosis: aging at its crossroads. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350471. [PMID: 38686373 PMCID: PMC11056569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a profound role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis by regulating antigen-specific responses, inflammatory signaling and antibody production. However, as we age, our immune system undergoes a gradual functional decline, a phenomenon termed "immunosenescence". This decline is characterized by a reduction in proliferative naïve B- and T cells, decreased B- and T cell receptor repertoire and a pro-inflammatory senescence associated secretory profile. Furthermore, aging affects germinal center responses and deteriorates secondary lymphoid organ function and structure, leading to impaired T-B cell dynamics and increased autoantibody production. In this review, we will dissect the impact of aging on adaptive immunity and the role played by age-associated B- and T cells in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, emphasizing the need for interventions that target age-related immune dysfunction to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frasca L, Mennella A, Palazzo R. New, Old, and Shared Antibody Specificities in Autoimmune Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38534212 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies represent a primary characteristic of many systemic autoimmune diseases [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frasca
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mennella
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kral M, van der Vorst EP, Surnov A, Weber C, Döring Y. ILC2-mediated immune crosstalk in chronic (vascular) inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326440. [PMID: 38179045 PMCID: PMC10765502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is pivotal for an efficient immune response and to maintain immune homeostasis under steady state conditions. As part of the innate immune system, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as new important regulators of tissue homeostasis and repair by fine-tuning innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk. ILC2s mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses in a context dependent manner. Inflammation has proven to be a key driver of atherosclerosis, resembling the key underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, numerous studies point towards an atheroprotective role of ILC2s e.g., by mediating secretion of type-II cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9). Boosting these protective responses may be suitable for promising future therapy, although these protective cues are currently incompletely understood. Additionally, little is known about the mechanisms by which chemokine/chemokine receptor signaling shapes ILC2 functions in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Hence, this review will focus on the latest findings regarding the protective and chemokine/chemokine receptor guided interplay between ILC2s and other immune cells like T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Further, we will elaborate on potential therapeutic implications which result or could be distilled from the dialogue of ILC2s with cells of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pattarabanjird T, Nguyen AT, McSkimming C, Dinh HQ, Marshall MA, Ghosheh Y, Gulati R, Durant C, Vallejo J, Saigusa R, Drago F, Guy TV, Premo K, Taylor AM, Paul S, Kundu B, Berr S, Gonen A, Tsimikas S, Miller Y, Pillai S, Ley K, Hedrick CC, McNamara CA. Human circulating CD24 hi marginal zone B cells produce IgM targeting atherogenic antigens and confer protection from vascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1003-1014. [PMID: 39196097 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
IgMs that inactivate oxidation-specific epitopes (IgMOSE), which are secondary products of lipid peroxidization, protect against inflammatory diseases, including diet-induced atherosclerosis. However, the human B cell subtype that produces IgMOSE remains unknown. In this study, we used single-cell mass cytometry and adoptive transfer of B cell subtypes to NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice to identify B27+IgM+CD24hi cells as the major producers of IgMOSE in humans. Notably, these cells have characteristics of human circulatory marginal zone B (MZB) cells, which are known to be atheoroprotective IgM producers in mice. CD24 antibody treatment to reduce MZB cells and IgM in a hyperlipidemic humanized mouse model provides the evidence that MZB cells protect against vascular inflammation. Consistent with these findings, the frequency of B27+IgM+CD24hi cells (MZB) in patients inversely correlates with coronary artery disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anh Tram Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa A Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas V Guy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Angela M Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bijoy Kundu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stuart Berr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yury Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Coleen A McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amendt T, Tybulewicz VLJ. Antidepressants cheer up hepatic B1 B cells: Hope for the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases? Front Immunol 2023; 13:1083173. [PMID: 36733387 PMCID: PMC9887017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Timm Amendt,
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor JA, Hutchinson MA, Gearhart PJ, Maul RW. Antibodies in action: the role of humoral immunity in the fight against atherosclerosis. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36461105 PMCID: PMC9717479 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The sequestering of oxidation-modified low-density lipoprotein by macrophages results in the accumulation of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries. Necrosis of these cells causes a release of intercellular epitopes and the activation of the adaptive immune system, which we predict leads to robust autoantibody production. T cells produce cytokines that act in the plaque environment and further stimulate B cell antibody production. B cells in atherosclerosis meanwhile have a mixed role based on subclass. The current model is that B-1 cells produce protective IgM antibodies in response to oxidation-specific epitopes that work to control plaque formation, while follicular B-2 cells produce class-switched antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgE) which exacerbate the disease. Over the course of this review, we discuss further the validation of these protective antibodies while evaluating the current dogma regarding class-switched antibodies in atherosclerosis. There are several contradictory findings regarding the involvement of class-switched antibodies in the disease. We hypothesize that this is due to antigen-specificity, and not simply isotype, being important, and that a closer evaluation of these antibodies' targets should be conducted. We propose that specific antibodies may have therapeutical potential in preventing and controlling plaque development within a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Taylor
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mark A. Hutchinson
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Patricia J. Gearhart
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert W. Maul
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Corneth OBJ, Neys SFH, Hendriks RW. Aberrant B Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213391. [PMID: 36359789 PMCID: PMC9654300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in B cells from patients or specific animal models and by the observed efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we first discuss key signal transduction pathways downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) that ensure that autoreactive B cells are removed from the repertoire or functionally silenced. We provide an overview of aberrant BCR signaling that is associated with inappropriate B cell repertoire selection and activation or survival of peripheral B cell populations and plasma cells, finally leading to autoantibody formation. Next to BCR signaling, abnormalities in other signal transduction pathways have been implicated in autoimmune disease. These include reduced activity of several phosphates that are downstream of co-inhibitory receptors on B cells and increased levels of BAFF and APRIL, which support survival of B cells and plasma cells. Importantly, pathogenic synergy of the BCR and Toll-like receptors (TLR), which can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, has been shown to enhance autoimmunity. Finally, we will briefly discuss therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disease based on interfering with signal transduction in B cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nunez CEC, Oliveira JB, de Barros-Mazon S, Zago VHS, Kaplan DB, Nakamura RT, Gidlund MA, Gomes EIL, Cazita PM, Nakandakare E, Carmo HR, Sposito AC, de Faria EC. Positive Association between Autoantibodies Against Oxidized LDL and HDL-C: A Novel Mechanism for HDL Cardioprotection? Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:S0066-782X2022005013403. [PMID: 36074481 PMCID: PMC9750204 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, oxidized phospholipids expressed in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) surface bind to scavenger receptors of macrophages eliciting foam cell formation and plaque progression. Auto-antibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL-Ab) interact with oxidative epitopes leading to the formation of immune complexes that are unable to interact with macrophage receptors, thus abrogating atherogenesis. Release of oxLDL-Ab by B cells involves interleukin 5 and Th2 response, which in turn are potentiated by HDL. Thereby, we hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of HDL-C may plausibly display elevated titers of oxLDL-Ab. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab levels. METHODS Asymptomatic individuals (n = 193) were grouped according to their HDL-C concentration to one of three categories: low (< 68 mg/dL), intermediate (68 to 80 mg/dL) or high (> 80 mg/dL). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our analysis included 193 individuals (mean age: 47 years; male: 26.3%). Compared to individuals in the lowest HDL-C tertile, those in the highest tertile were older (36 versus 53 years; p = 0.001) and less frequently male (42.6% versus 20.9%; p = 0.001). Mean values of oxLDL-Ab increased as the HDL-C group escalated (0.31, 0.33 and 0.43 units, respectively; p = 0.001 for trend). Simple linear regression found a significant, positive relationship between the independent variable, HDL-C, and the dependent variable, oxLDL-Ab (R = 0.293; p = 0.009). This relation remained significant (R = 0.30; p = 0.044), after adjustment by covariates. Apolipoprotein AI levels were also related to oxLDL-Ab in both simple and adjusted linear regression models. CONCLUSION HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab are independently related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Evelyn Coimbra Nunez
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Joaquim Barreto Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasLaboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia VascularCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Laboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular (Atherolab), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Silvia de Barros-Mazon
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Vanessa H. S. Zago
- Pontifícia Universidade CatólicaCampinasSPBrasil Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC-Campinas), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Denise Beheregaray Kaplan
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Ruy T. Nakamura
- Diagnostic Image LaboratoryCampinasSPBrasil Diagnostic Image Laboratory , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Magnus Ake Gidlund
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Erica I. L. Gomes
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Patricia Miralda Cazita
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Edna Nakandakare
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Helison R. Carmo
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasLaboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia VascularCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Laboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular (Atherolab), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Autoreactive antibodies control blood glucose by regulating insulin homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115695119. [PMID: 35131852 PMCID: PMC8833180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115695119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The random nature of antibody repertoire generation includes the potential of producing autoantibodies recognizing self-structures. It is believed that establishing immunological tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases require the removal of antibody specificities recognizing self. Using insulin as a common and physiologically important autoantigen, we show that anti-insulin antibodies associated with autoimmune diabetes can readily be detected in mice and humans and are involved in the physiological regulation of blood glucose levels. Importantly, human high-affinity, anti-insulin IgM antibodies protect insulin from autoimmune degradation by anti-insulin IgG antibodies. Thus, in contrast to the proposed negative selection, self-recognition and the production of highly autoreactive IgM antibodies are important for tolerance induction. Homeostasis of metabolism by hormone production is crucial for maintaining physiological integrity, as disbalance can cause severe metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Here, we show that antibody-deficient mice and immunodeficiency patients have subphysiological blood glucose concentrations. Restoring blood glucose physiology required total IgG injections and insulin-specific IgG antibodies detected in total IgG preparations and in the serum of healthy individuals. In addition to the insulin-neutralizing anti-insulin IgG, we identified two fractions of anti-insulin IgM in the serum of healthy individuals. These autoreactive IgM fractions differ in their affinity to insulin. Interestingly, the low-affinity IgM fraction (anti-insulin IgMlow) neutralizes insulin and leads to increased blood glucose, whereas the high-affinity IgM fraction (anti-insulin IgMhigh) protects insulin from neutralization by anti-insulin IgG, thereby preventing blood glucose dysregulation. To demonstrate that anti-insulin IgMhigh acts as a protector of insulin and counteracts insulin neutralization by anti-insulin IgG, we expressed the variable regions of a high-affinity anti-insulin antibody as IgG and IgM. Remarkably, the recombinant anti-insulin IgMhigh normalized insulin function and prevented IgG-mediated insulin neutralization. These results suggest that autoreactive antibodies recognizing insulin are key regulators of blood glucose and metabolism, as they control the concentration of insulin in the blood. Moreover, our data suggest that preventing autoimmune damage and maintaining physiological homeostasis requires adaptive tolerance mechanisms generating high-affinity autoreactive IgM antibodies during memory responses.
Collapse
|
11
|
de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The Dynamics of B Cell Aging in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733566. [PMID: 34675924 PMCID: PMC8524000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amendt T, Jumaa H. Memory IgM protects endogenous insulin from autoimmune destruction. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107621. [PMID: 34369608 PMCID: PMC8408592 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous diversity of antibody specificities is generated by random rearrangement of immunoglobulin gene segments and is important for general protection against pathogens. Since random rearrangement harbors the risk of producing self-destructive antibodies, it is assumed that autoreactive antibody specificities are removed during early B-cell development leading to a peripheral compartment devoid of autoreactivity. Here, we immunized wild-type mice with insulin as a common self-antigen and monitored diabetes symptoms as a measure for autoimmune disease. Our results show that autoreactive anti-insulin IgM and IgG antibodies associated with autoimmune diabetes can readily be generated in wild-type animals. Surprisingly, recall immunizations induced increased titers of high-affinity insulin-specific IgM, which prevented autoimmune diabetes. We refer to this phenomenon as adaptive tolerance, in which high-affinity memory IgM prevents autoimmune destruction by competing with self-destructive antibodies. Together, this study suggests that B-cell tolerance is not defined by the absolute elimination of autoreactive specificities, as harmful autoantibody responses can be generated in wild-type animals. In contrast, inducible generation of autoantigen-specific affinity-matured IgM acts as a protective mechanism preventing self-destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Amendt
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krzemień P, Kasperczyk S, Banach M, Kasperczyk A, Dobrakowski M, Tomasik T, Windak A, Mastej M, Catapano A, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Howard G, Lip GY, Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Penson PE, Jóźwiak JJ. Serum antinuclear autoantibodies are associated with measures of oxidative stress and lifestyle factors: analysis of LIPIDOGRAM2015 and LIPIDOGEN2015 studies. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1214-1227. [PMID: 37732061 PMCID: PMC10507751 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/139313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is one of many factors suspected to promote antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) formation. Reactive oxygen species can induce changes in the antigenic structure of macromolecules, causing the immune system to treat them as "neo-antigens" and start production of autoantibodies. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress markers, lifestyle factors and the detection of ANA. Material and methods We examined measures of oxidative stress indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins, such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentration of protein thiol groups (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 1731 serum samples. The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid (UA) concentration, were also measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI-index) was calculated. All samples were tested for the presence of ANA using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Results The presence of ANA in women was associated with lower physical activity (p = 0.036), less frequent smoking (p = 0.007) and drinking of alcohol (p = 0.024) accompanied by significant changes in SOD isoenzymes activity (p < 0.001) and a higher uric acid (UA) concentration (p < 0.001). In ANA positive males we observed lower concentrations of PSH (p = 0.046) and increased concentrations of MDA (p = 0.047). Conclusions The results indicate that local oxidative stress may be associated with increased probability of ANA formation in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, Maryland, USA
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois IL, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Gregory Y.H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat VIC 3350, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. MacDonald
- MEMO Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek J. Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pluijmert NJ, de Jong RCM, de Vries MR, Pettersson K, Atsma DE, Jukema JW, Quax PHA. Phosphorylcholine antibodies restrict infarct size and left ventricular remodelling by attenuating the unreperfused post-ischaemic inflammatory response. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7772-7782. [PMID: 34190404 PMCID: PMC8358891 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine is a pro‐inflammatory epitope exposed on apoptotic cells, and phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies (PC‐mAb) have anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we hypothesize that PC‐mAb treatment reduces adverse cardiac remodelling and infarct size (IS) following unreperfused transmural myocardial infarction (MI). Unreperfused MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in hypercholesterolaemic APOE*3‐Leiden mice. Three weeks following MI, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging showed a reduced LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) by 21% and IS by 31% upon PC‐mAb treatment as compared to the vehicle control group. In addition, the LV fibrous content was decreased by 27% and LV wall thickness was better preserved by 47% as determined by histological analysis. Two days following MI, CCL2 concentrations, assessed by use of ELISA, were decreased by 81% and circulating monocytes by 64% as assessed by use of FACS analysis. Additionally, local leucocyte infiltration determined by immunohistological analysis showed a 62% decrease after three weeks. In conclusion, the local and systemic inflammatory responses are limited by PC‐mAb treatment resulting in restricted adverse cardiac remodelling and IS following unreperfused MI. This indicates that PC‐mAb holds promise as a therapeutic agent following MI limiting adverse cardiac remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C M de Jong
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phosphorylcholine Antibodies Preserve Cardiac Function and Reduce Infarct Size by Attenuating the Post-Ischemic Inflammatory Response. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:1228-1239. [PMID: 33426378 PMCID: PMC7775955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine is a proinflammatory epitope exposed on the outer membrane of apoptotic cells. This study investigated the modulatory effects of a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against phosphorylcholine (PC-mAb) on myocardial remodeling and cardiac function following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PC-mAb attenuates the immediate post-ischemic inflammatory response by reducing the proinflammatory CCL2 chemokine and circulating Ly-6Chi monocytes. This subsequently enhances the post-ischemic repair process resulting in limited adverse cardiac remodeling and preservation of cardiac function. PC-mAb therapy may be a valid therapeutic approach against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody attenuates the immediate post-ischemic inflammatory response by reducing the proinflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 chemokine and circulating Ly-6Chi monocytes. This subsequently enhances the post-ischemic repair process, resulting in limited adverse cardiac remodeling and preservation of cardiac function. Therefore, phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody therapy may be a valid therapeutic approach against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Key Words
- CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- EDV, end-diastolic volume
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESV, end-systolic volume
- IS, infarct size
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LV, left ventricular/ventricle
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MI-R, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- PC-mAb, phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody
- cardiac function
- infarct size
- inflammation
- myocardial infarction
- myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
Collapse
|
16
|
Biswas TK, VanderLaan PA, Que X, Gonen A, Krishack P, Binder CJ, Witztum JL, Getz GS, Reardon CA. CD1d Selectively Down Regulates the Expression of the Oxidized Phospholipid-Specific E06 IgM Natural Antibody in Ldlr-/- Mice. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030030. [PMID: 32635160 PMCID: PMC7551411 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are important regulators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation and are thought to have diverse protective roles in a variety of pathological states. E06 is a T15 idiotype IgM NAb exclusively produced by B-1 cells, which recognizes the phosphocholine (PC) head group in oxidized phospholipids on the surface of apoptotic cells and in oxidized LDL (OxLDL), and the PC present on the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here we report that titers of the E06 NAb are selectively increased several-fold in Cd1d-deficient mice, whereas total IgM and IgM antibodies recognizing other oxidation specific epitopes such as in malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) and OxLDL were not increased. The high titers of E06 in Cd1d-deficient mice are not due to a global increase in IgM-secreting B-1 cells, but they are specifically due to an expansion of E06-secreting splenic B-1 cells. Thus, CD1d-mediated regulation appeared to be suppressive in nature and specific for E06 IgM-secreting cells. The CD1d-mediated regulation of the E06 NAb generation is a novel mechanism that regulates the production of this specific oxidation epitope recognizing NAb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Biswas
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul A. VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuchu Que
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Paulette Krishack
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria;
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Godfrey S. Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Catherine A. Reardon
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.G.); (C.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Upadhye A, Marshall M, Garmey JC, Bender TP, McNamara C. Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32538902 DOI: 10.3791/61003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide further insight on cell function. B-1a cells are a unique B cell subset in mice that produce protective natural IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes that arise during health and disease. B-1a cell IgM production differs depending on B-1a cell location, and therefore it becomes useful from a therapeutic standpoint to target B-1a localization to niches supportive of high antibody production. Here we describe a method to target B-1a cell migration to the bone marrow by retroviral-mediated overexpression of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Gene induction in primary murine B cells can be challenging and typically yields low transfection efficiencies of 10-20% depending on technique. Here we demonstrate that retroviral transduction of primary murine B-1a cells results in 30-40% transduction efficiency. This method utilizes adoptive cell transfer of transduced B-1a cells into B cell-deficient recipient mice so that donor B-1a cell migration and localization can be visualized. This protocol can be modified for other retroviral constructs and can be used in diverse functional assays post-adoptive transfer, including analysis of donor cell or host cell phenotype and function, or analysis of soluble factors secreted post B-1a cell transfer. The use of distinct donor and recipient mice differentiated by CD45.1 and CD45.2 allotype and the presence of a GFP reporter within the retroviral plasmid could also enable detection of donor cells in other, immune-sufficient mouse models containing endogenous B cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology, University of Virginia
| | | | | | - Timothy P Bender
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Upadhye A, Sturek JM, McNamara CA. 2019 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: B Lymphocyte-Mediated Protective Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:309-322. [PMID: 31852222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease-is characterized by accumulation and subsequent oxidative modification of lipoproteins within the artery wall, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and lesion formation that can over time result in arterial stenosis, ischemia, and downstream adverse events. The contribution of innate and adaptive immunity to atherosclerosis development is well established, and B cells have emerged as important modulators of both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in atherosclerosis. Murine B cells can broadly be divided into 2 subsets: (1) B-2 cells, which are bone marrow derived and include conventional follicular and marginal zone B cells, and (2) B-1 cells, which are largely fetal liver derived and persist in adults through self-renewal. B-cell subsets are developmentally, functionally, and phenotypically distinct with unique subset-specific contributions to atherosclerosis development. Mechanisms whereby B cells regulate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis will be discussed with a particular emphasis on B-1 cells. B-1 cells have a protective role in atherosclerosis that is mediated in large part by IgM antibody production. Accumulating evidence over the last several years has pointed to a previously underappreciated heterogeneity in B-1 cell populations, which may have important implications for understanding atherosclerosis development and potential targeted therapeutic approaches. This heterogeneity within atheroprotective innate B-cell subsets will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Jeffrey M Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.M.S.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Setz CS, Hug E, Khadour A, Abdelrasoul H, Bilal M, Hobeika E, Jumaa H. PI3K-Mediated Blimp-1 Activation Controls B Cell Selection and Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2019; 24:391-405. [PMID: 29996100 PMCID: PMC6057491 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays a central role in regulating proliferation and survival of B cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated activation of PI3K induces the terminal differentiation factor Blimp-1 that interferes with proliferation and survival, thereby controlling the expansion of activated B cells. In fact, B-cell-specific inactivation of Pten, the negative regulator of PI3K signaling, leads to deregulated PI3K activity and elevated Blimp-1 expression. Combined deficiency for Pten and Blimp-1 results in abnormal expansion of B-1 B cells and splenomegaly. Interestingly, Blimp-1 also acts at early stages of B cell development to regulate B cell selection, as Blimp-1 deficiency results in an increased proportion of autoreactive B cells. Together, our data suggest that the combined requirement of deregulated PI3K signaling in addition to defective terminal differentiation represents the basis for proper selection and expansion of developing B cells. B cell expansion is normal despite increased PI3K activity after Pten deletion Deregulated PI3K induces Blimp-1 and leads to premature terminal differentiation Premature terminal differentiation prevents expansion of activated B cells Expansion of B-1 B cells by autoreactive BCR and defective terminal differentiation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna S Setz
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Hug
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ahmad Khadour
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hend Abdelrasoul
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayas Bilal
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Upadhye A, Srikakulapu P, Gonen A, Hendrikx S, Perry HM, Nguyen A, McSkimming C, Marshall MA, Garmey JC, Taylor AM, Bender TP, Tsimikas S, Holodick NE, Rothstein TL, Witztum JL, McNamara CA. Diversification and CXCR4-Dependent Establishment of the Bone Marrow B-1a Cell Pool Governs Atheroprotective IgM Production Linked to Human Coronary Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2019; 125:e55-e70. [PMID: 31549940 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE B-1 cell-derived natural IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes on low-density lipoprotein are anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective. Bone marrow (BM) B-1a cells contribute abundantly to IgM production, yet the unique repertoire of IgM antibodies generated by BM B-1a and the factors maintaining the BM B-1a population remain unexplored. CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4) has been implicated in human cardiovascular disease and B-cell homeostasis, yet the role of B-1 cell CXCR4 in regulating atheroprotective IgM levels and human cardiovascular disease is unknown. OBJECTIVE To characterize the BM B-1a IgM repertoire and to determine whether CXCR4 regulates B-1 production of atheroprotective IgM in mice and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that BM B-1a cells from aged ApoE-/- mice with established atherosclerosis express a unique repertoire of IgM antibodies containing increased nontemplate-encoded nucleotide additions and a greater frequency of unique heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 sequences compared with peritoneal cavity B-1a cells. Some complementarity determining region 3 sequences were common to both compartments suggesting B-1a migration between compartments. Indeed, mature peritoneal cavity B-1a cells migrated to BM in a CXCR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, BM IgM production and plasma IgM levels were reduced in ApoE-/- mice with B-cell-specific knockout of CXCR4, and overexpression of CXCR4 on B-1a cells increased BM localization and plasma IgM against oxidation specific epitopes, including IgM specific for malondialdehyde-modified LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Finally, in a 50-subject human cohort, we find that CXCR4 expression on circulating human B-1 cells positively associates with plasma levels of IgM antibodies specific for malondialdehyde-modified LDL and inversely associates with human coronary artery plaque burden and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first report of a unique BM B-1a cell IgM repertoire and identifies CXCR4 expression as a critical factor selectively governing BM B-1a localization and production of IgM against oxidation specific epitopes. That CXCR4 expression on human B-1 cells was greater in humans with low coronary artery plaque burden suggests a potential targeted approach for immune modulation to limit atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology (A.U., T.P.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., S.H., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Sabrina Hendrikx
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., S.H., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Heather M Perry
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Anh Nguyen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Melissa A Marshall
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - James C Garmey
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Angela M Taylor
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology (A.U., T.P.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., S.H., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Nichol E Holodick
- Center for Immunobiology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo MI (N.E.H., T.L.R.)
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Immunobiology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo MI (N.E.H., T.L.R.)
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., S.H., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., P.S., H.M.P., A.N., C.M., M.A.M., J.C.G, A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos-Zas I, Lemarié J, Tedgui A, Ait-Oufella H. Adaptive Immune Responses Contribute to Post-ischemic Cardiac Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 5:198. [PMID: 30687720 PMCID: PMC6335242 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common condition responsible for mortality and morbidity related to ischemic heart failure. Accumulating experimental and translational evidence support a crucial role for innate immunity in heart failure and adverse heart remodeling following MI. More recently, the role of adaptive immunity in myocardial ischemia has been identified, mainly in rodents models of both transient and permanent heart ischemia. The present review summarizes the experimental evidence regarding the role of lymphocytes and dendritic cells in myocardial remodeling following coronary artery occlusion. Th1 and potentially Th17 CD4+ T cell responses promote adverse heart remodeling, whereas regulatory T cells appear to be protective, modulating macrophage activity, cardiomyocyte survival, and fibroblast phenotype. The role of CD8+ T cells in this setting remains unknown. B cells contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling through the modulation of monocyte trafficking, and potentially the production of tissue-specific antibodies. Yet, further substantial efforts are still required to confirm experimental data in human MI before developing new therapeutic strategies targeting the adaptive immune system in ischemic cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Icia Santos-Zas
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Lemarié
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,UMR_S 1116, Université de Lorraine, Inserm, DCAC, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy - Réanimation Médicale - Hôpital Central, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
In contrast to adaptive antibodies, natural antibodies are present in a non-immunised organism from birth, and they do not include anti-Gal antibodies and/or anti-Gal natural antibodies, which are developed as a result of the effect of the α-Gal epitope and physiological flora. Natural antibodies are the first line of the organism’s defence before the formation of the immunity created via the stimulation of elements that determine specific and non-specific immunity. This is especially important in the case of infants. Despite the fact that natural antibodies differ in their function from adaptive antibodies, they are polyreactive and they detect autoantigens and new antigenic determinants. Natural antibodies are formed from the subpopulation of B lymphocytes, mainly B1 lymphocytes and B lymphocytes of the marginal zone. This phenomenon is supported by the fact that when the quantity of these cells in the organism decreases, which happens with age, the level of natural antibodies also decreases and the risk of illnesses of old age becomes higher. During ontogenesis, these antibodies participate in many physiological processes, including the “support” of the immune system and homeostasis, the prevention of inflammation, infections and other pathological states, such as autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, or the process of carcinogenesis. The best known natural antibody is IgM, but the role of IgGs and IgAs is also considered important. Nowadays, many researchers also mention intravenous immunoglobulins, which are used in the treatment of numerous illnesses, and there are discussions on the possibility of increasing their potential if they were based on natural antibodies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohammadi M, Oehler B, Kloka J, Martin C, Brack A, Blum R, Rittner HL. Antinociception by the anti-oxidized phospholipid antibody E06. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2940-2955. [PMID: 29679953 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Oehler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kloka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Martin
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Srikakulapu P, McNamara CA. B cells and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1060-H1067. [PMID: 28314764 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B cells have emerged as important immune cells in cardiovascular disease. Initial studies have suggested that B cells protect against atherosclerosis development. However, subsequent studies demonstrating aggravation of atherosclerosis by B-2 cells have shed light on the subset-dependent effects of B cells. Here, we review the literature that has led to our current understanding of B cell regulation of atherosclerosis, touching on the importance of subsets, local regulation, human translation, and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, Virginia; and.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Saha C, Das M, Patil V, Stephen-Victor E, Sharma M, Wymann S, Jordi M, Vonarburg C, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Monomeric Immunoglobulin A from Plasma Inhibits Human Th17 Responses In Vitro Independent of FcαRI and DC-SIGN. Front Immunol 2017; 8:275. [PMID: 28352269 PMCID: PMC5349300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immunoglobulins including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM play a critical role in the immune homeostasis by modulating functions of immune cells. These functions are mediated in part by natural antibodies. However, despite being second most abundant antibody in the circulation, the immunoregulatory function of IgA is relatively unexplored. As Th17 cells are the key mediators of a variety of autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases, we investigated the ability of monomeric IgA (mIgA) isolated from pooled plasma of healthy donors to modulate human Th17 cells. We show that mIgA inhibits differentiation and amplification of human Th17 cells and the production of their effector cytokine IL-17A. mIgA also suppresses IFN-γ responses under these experimental conditions. Suppressive effect of mIgA on Th17 responses is associated with reciprocal expansion of FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells. The effect of mIgA on Th17 cells is dependent on F(ab′)2 fragments and independent of FcαRI (CD89) and DC-SIGN. Mechanistically, the modulatory effect of mIgA on Th17 cells implicates suppression of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Furthermore, mIgA binds to CD4+ T cells and recognizes in a dose-dependent manner the receptors for cytokines (IL-6Rα and IL-1RI) that mediate Th17 responses. Our findings thus reveal novel anti-inflammatory functions of IgA and suggest potential therapeutic utility of mIgA in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that implicate Th17 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitrali Saha
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Paris , France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Paris , France
| | - Sandra Wymann
- Research Department, CSL Behring AG , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Monika Jordi
- Research Department, CSL Behring AG , Bern , Switzerland
| | | | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Born WK, Huang Y, Zeng W, Torres RM, O'Brien RL. A Special Connection between γδ T Cells and Natural Antibodies? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:455-462. [PMID: 27235134 PMCID: PMC5507014 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAbs) play an important role in early host defense, autophagy and tissue remodeling, and in immune regulation. They arise spontaneously (without specific immunization), and are already present at birth. NAbs are produced by B1 B cells, MZ B cells and other B cell types. They include all major Ig subclasses but IgM antibodies are prevalent, especially early in development. NAbs may be poly-specific, recognize particular auto-antigens, or detect neo-determinants such as those exposed during apoptosis or generated by oxidation. NAbs do not require cognate T cell help but depend on soluble mediators produced by T cells. Our recent studies suggest that γδ T cells may have a special relationship with NAbs, and play a prominent role in their regulation, in part through the fine-tuning of IL-4 levels. The spontaneously activated state of these cells likely enables their cytokine production and other functions in the absence of external stimulation. Ontogenetically, the earlier arising γδ T cells are better positioned than αβ T cells to shape the developing repertoire of NAbs. Intriguingly, ligand specificities of NAbs and γδ T cell receptors appear to be overlapping, perhaps allowing γδ cognate help for certain NAb specificities. Via NAbs, γδ T cells could exert a regulatory influence on numerous processes in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Str., Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Yafei Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Transfer, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjiang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Raul M Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Str., Denver, CO, 80206, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morris G, Berk M, Klein H, Walder K, Galecki P, Maes M. Nitrosative Stress, Hypernitrosylation, and Autoimmune Responses to Nitrosylated Proteins: New Pathways in Neuroprogressive Disorders Including Depression and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4271-4291. [PMID: 27339878 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays an indispensable role in modulating cellular signaling and redox pathways. This role is mainly effected by the readily reversible nitrosylation of selective protein cysteine thiols. The reversibility and sophistication of this signaling system is enabled and regulated by a number of enzymes which form part of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine antioxidant systems. Increases in nitric oxide levels initially lead to a defensive increase in the number of nitrosylated proteins in an effort to preserve their function. However, in an environment of chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), nitrosylation of crucial cysteine groups within key enzymes of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine systems leads to their inactivation thereby disabling denitrosylation and transnitrosylation and subsequently a state described as "hypernitrosylation." This state leads to the development of pathology in multiple domains such as the inhibition of enzymes of the electron transport chain, decreased mitochondrial function, and altered conformation of proteins and amino acids leading to loss of immune tolerance and development of autoimmunity. Hypernitrosylation also leads to altered function or inactivation of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, proteomic degradation, transcription factor activity, immune-inflammatory pathways, energy production, and neural function and survival. Hypernitrosylation, as a consequence of chronically elevated O&NS and activated immune-inflammatory pathways, can explain many characteristic abnormalities observed in neuroprogressive disease including major depression and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. In those disorders, increased bacterial translocation may drive hypernitrosylation and autoimmune responses against nitrosylated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Royal Parade 30, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Hans Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gruber S, Hendrikx T, Tsiantoulas D, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Göderle L, Mallat Z, Witztum JL, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Nitschke L, Binder CJ. Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectin G Promotes Atherosclerosis and Liver Inflammation by Suppressing the Protective Functions of B-1 Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2348-61. [PMID: 26947073 PMCID: PMC4802221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated and sustained by hypercholesterolemia, which results in the generation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and other metabolic byproducts that trigger inflammation. Specific immune responses have been shown to modulate the inflammatory response during atherogenesis. The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin G (Siglec-G) is a negative regulator of the functions of several immune cells, including myeloid cells and B-1 cells. Here, we show that deficiency of Siglec-G in atherosclerosis-prone mice inhibits plaque formation and diet-induced hepatic inflammation. We further demonstrate that selective deficiency of Siglec-G in B cells alone is sufficient to mediate these effects. Levels of B-1 cell-derived natural IgM with specificity for OxLDL were significantly increased in the plasma and peritoneal cavity of Siglec-G-deficient mice. Consistent with the neutralizing functions of OxLDL-specific IgM, Siglec-G-deficient mice were protected from OxLDL-induced sterile inflammation. Thus, Siglec-G promotes atherosclerosis and hepatic inflammation by suppressing protective anti-inflammatory effector functions of B cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Chemokines/analysis
- Chemokines/blood
- Cytokines/analysis
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Immunoassay
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lectins/deficiency
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peritonitis/prevention & control
- Peritonitis/veterinary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvar-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Göderle
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92110, USA
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chousterman BG, Swirski FK. Innate response activator B cells: origins and functions. Int Immunol 2015; 27:537-41. [PMID: 25957266 PMCID: PMC4693688 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate response activator (IRA) B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth factors granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-3. In mouse models of sepsis and pneumonia, B-1a B cells residing in serosal sites recognize bacteria, migrate to the spleen or lung, and differentiate to IRA B cells that then contribute to the host response by amplifying inflammation and producing polyreactive IgM. In atherosclerosis, IRA B cells accumulate in the spleen, where they promote extramedullary hematopoiesis and activate classical dendritic cells. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny and function of IRA B cells in acute and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Chousterman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hesketh EE, Dransfield I, Kluth DC, Hughes J. Circulating IgM Requires Plasma Membrane Disruption to Bind Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Nucleated Cells and Erythrocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131849. [PMID: 26121639 PMCID: PMC4488261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is associated with defective phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. IgM deficient mice exhibit an autoimmune phenotype consistent with a role for circulating IgM antibodies in apoptotic cell clearance. We have extensively characterised IgM binding to non-apoptotic and apoptotic mouse thymocytes and human Jurkat cells using flow cytometry, confocal imaging and electron microscopy. We demonstrate strong specific IgM binding to a subset of Annexin-V (AnnV)+PI (Propidium Iodide)+ apoptotic cells with disrupted cell membranes. Electron microscopy studies indicated that IgM+AnnV+PI+ apoptotic cells exhibited morphologically advanced apoptosis with marked plasma membrane disruption compared to IgM-AnnV+PI+ apoptotic cells, suggesting that access to intracellular epitopes is required for IgM to bind. Strong and comparable binding of IgM to permeabilised non-apoptotic and apoptotic cells suggests that IgM bound epitopes are 'apoptosis independent' such that IgM may bind any cell with profound disruption of cell plasma membrane integrity. In addition, permeabilised erythrocytes exhibited significant IgM binding thus supporting the importance of cell membrane epitopes. These data suggest that IgM may recognize and tag damaged nucleated cells or erythrocytes that exhibit significant cell membrane disruption. The role of IgM in vivo in conditions characterized by severe cell damage such as ischemic injury, sepsis and thrombotic microangiopathies merits further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Hesketh
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ian Dransfield
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - David C. Kluth
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Responsiveness of B cells is regulated by the hinge region of IgD. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:534-43. [PMID: 25848865 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mature B cells express immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and IgD-isotype B cell antigen receptors, but the importance of IgD for B cell function has been unclear. By using a cellular in vitro system and corresponding mouse models, we found that antigens with low valence activated IgM receptors but failed to trigger IgD signaling, whereas polyvalent antigens activated both receptor types. Investigations of the molecular mechanism showed that deletion of the IgD-specific hinge region rendered IgD responsive to monovalent antigen, whereas transferring the hinge to IgM resulted in responsiveness only to polyvalent antigen. Our data suggest that the increased IgD/IgM ratio on conventional B-2 cells is important for preferential immune responses to antigens in immune complexes, and that the increased IgM expression on B-1 cells is essential for B-1 cell homeostasis and function.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kunes P, Mandak J, Holubcova Z, Kolackova M, Krejsek J. Actual position of interleukin(IL)-33 in atherosclerosis and heart failure: Great Expectations or En attendant Godot? Perfusion 2014; 30:356-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659114562269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory/autoimmune disease. The long-standing low-grade inflammation which fuels its development is primarily focused on the components of the vessel wall. Originally, inflammation in atherogenesis was supposed to be driven by the pro-inflammatory Th1 cellular and cytokine immune response. On the basis of accumulating evidence, this view has been re-evaluated to include the Th17/Th1 axis which is shared by most diseases of sterile inflammation. The anti-inflammatory Th2 cellular and cytokine immune response is initiated concomitantly with the former two, the latter dampening their harmful reactions which culminate in full-blown atherosclerosis. Interleukin-33, a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, was suggested to take part in the anti-atherogenic response by mediating the Th1-to-Th2 switch of the immune reactions. However, IL-33 is a multifaceted mediator with both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, also called a “dual factor” or a “Janus face” interleukin. IL-33 occurs both in an extracellular (cytokine-like) and in a nuclear-bound (transcription factor-like) form, each of them performing distinct activities of their own. This review article presents the latest data relevant to IL-33’s role in atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases as perceived by a cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kunes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Mandak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Z Holubcova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - M Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. Atypical Response of B-1 Cells to BCR Ligation: A Speculative Model. Front Immunol 2013; 4:457. [PMID: 24379817 PMCID: PMC3864358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal B-1a cells manifest unusual signaling characteristics that distinguish them from splenic B-2 cells. These include the failure of BCR engagement to trigger NF-κB activation and DNA replication. Despite extensive study, a clear explanation for these characteristics has not emerged. Here we aim to develop a unified paradigm based on previous reports and recent results, which proposes a central role for phosphatase activity. We hypothesize B-1a cells are unable to induce NF-κB or proliferate after BCR cross-linking due to increased phosphatase abundance or activity. This phosphatase abundance and/or activity may be the result of unique B-1a cell characteristics such as increased levels of HSP70 and/or constitutive secretion of IL-10. We speculate phosphatase activity cannot be overcome by BCR ligation alone due to insufficient Vav protein expression, which does not allow for proper production of reactive oxygen species, which inhibit phosphatases. Furthermore, constitutively active Lyn also plays a negative regulatory role in B-1a. We expect that a new focus on phosphatase activity and its suppression will be revealing for BCR signal transduction in B-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichol E Holodick
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, NY , USA
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|