1
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Zhao L, Wang LF, Wang YC, Liu A, Xiao QW, Hu MC, Sun MZ, Hao HY, Gao Q, Zhao X, Chen DY. Deficiency of P2RY11 causes narcolepsy and attenuates the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in the inflammatory response in zebrafish. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:36. [PMID: 38771396 PMCID: PMC11108927 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Purinergic receptor P2Y11, a G protein-coupled receptor that is stimulated by extracellular ATP, has been demonstrated to be related to the chemotaxis of granulocytes, apoptosis of neutrophils, and secretion of cytokines in vitro. P2Y11 mutations were associated with narcolepsy. However, little is known about the roles of P2RY11 in the occurrence of narcolepsy and inflammatory response in vivo. In this study, we generated a zebrafish P2Y11 mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and demonstrated that the P2Y11 mutant replicated the narcolepsy-like features including reduced HCRT expression and excessive daytime sleepiness, suggesting that P2Y11 is essential for HCRT expression. Furthermore, we accessed the cytokine expression in the mutant and revealed that the P2RY11 mutation disrupted the systemic inflammatory balance by reducing il4, il10 and tgfb, and increasing il6, tnfa, and il1b. In addition, the P2RY11-deficient larvae with caudal fin injuries exhibited significantly slower migration and less recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages at damaged site, and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines during tissue damage. All these findings highlight the vital roles of P2RY11 in maintaining HCRT production and secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines in the native environment, and suggested that P2RY11-deficient zebrafish can serve as a reliable and unique model to further explore narcolepsy and inflammatory-related diseases with impaired neutrophil and macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Wen Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chuan Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Sun
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hui-Yu Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Dong-Yan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang J, Tao SY, Liang Z, Xie R, Liu NN, Deng R, Zhang Y, Deng D, Jiang G. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns: A new insight into metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3733. [PMID: 37823338 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes is accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory factors, also known as "metabolic inflammation", which runs through the whole process of the occurrence and development of the disease. Mitochondria, as the key site of glucose and lipid metabolism, is often accompanied by mitochondrial function damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Damaged mitochondria release pro-inflammatory factors through damage-related molecular patterns that activate inflammation pathways and reactions to oxidative stress, further aggravate metabolic disorders, and form a vicious circle. Currently, the pathogenesis of diabetes is still unclear, and clinical treatment focuses primarily on symptomatic intervention of the internal environment of disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism with limited clinical efficacy. The proinflammatory effect of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern (mtDAMP) in T2DM provides a new research direction for exploring the pathogenesis and intervention targets of T2DM. Therefore, this review covers the most recent findings on the molecular mechanism and related signalling cascades of inflammation caused by mtDAMP in T2DM and discusses its pathogenic role of it in the pathological process of T2DM to search potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwu Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Yu Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Xie
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxue Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Krampert L, Ossner T, Schröder A, Schatz V, Jantsch J. Simultaneous Increases in Intracellular Sodium and Tonicity Boost Antimicrobial Activity of Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:2816. [PMID: 38132136 PMCID: PMC10741518 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflamed and infected tissues can display increased local sodium (Na+) levels, which can have various effects on immune cells. In macrophages, high salt (HS) leads to a Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1 (NCX1)-dependent increase in intracellular Na+ levels. This results in augmented osmoprotective signaling and enhanced proinflammatory activation, such as enhanced expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase and antimicrobial function. In this study, the role of elevated intracellular Na+ levels in macrophages was investigated. Therefore, the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) was pharmacologically inhibited with two cardiac glycosides (CGs), ouabain (OUA) and digoxin (DIG), to raise intracellular Na+ without increasing extracellular Na+ levels. Exposure to HS conditions and treatment with both inhibitors resulted in intracellular Na+ accumulation and subsequent phosphorylation of p38/MAPK. The CGs had different effects on intracellular Ca2+ and K+ compared to HS stimulation. Moreover, the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) was not upregulated on RNA and protein levels upon OUA and DIG treatment. Accordingly, OUA and DIG did not boost nitric oxide (NO) production and showed heterogeneous effects toward eliminating intracellular bacteria. While HS environments cause hypertonic stress and ionic perturbations, cardiac glycosides only induce the latter. Cotreatment of macrophages with OUA and non-ionic osmolyte mannitol (MAN) partially mimicked the HS-boosted antimicrobial macrophage activity. These findings suggest that intracellular Na+ accumulation and hypertonic stress are required but not sufficient to mimic boosted macrophage function induced by increased extracellular sodium availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Kiaie SH, Hatami Z, Nasr MS, Pazooki P, Hemmati S, Baradaran B, Valizadeh H. Pharmacological interaction and immune response of purinergic receptors in therapeutic modulation. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09966-7. [PMID: 37843749 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleosides and purine nucleotides serve as transmitter and modulator agents that extend their functions beyond the cell. In this context, purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and modulating metabolic alterations in tumor cells. Therefore, it is essential to consider the pharmacological targeting of purinergic receptors (PUR), which encompass the expression and inhibition of P1 receptors (metabotropic adenosine receptors) as well as P2 receptors (extracellular ATP/ADP) comprising P2X and P2Y receptors. Thus, the pharmacological interaction between inhibitors (such as RNA, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecules) and PUR represents a key aspect in facilitating the development of therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this review explores recent advancements in pharmacological inhibitors and the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity of PUR, specifically in relation to immunological and inflammatory responses. These responses encompass the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC), the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), the regulation of T cells, and the activation of inflammasomes in all human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hatami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nasr
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Institute Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Criado Santos N, Bouvet S, Cruz Cobo M, Mandavit M, Bermont F, Castelbou C, Mansour F, Azam M, Giordano F, Nunes-Hasler P. Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation by promoting ORP8-mediated lipid exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-phagosome contact sites. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1008. [PMID: 37794132 PMCID: PMC10550925 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagosome maturation is critical for immune defense, defining whether ingested material is destroyed or converted into antigens. Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation, yet how has remained unclear. Here we show Sec22b tethers endoplasmic reticulum-phagosome membrane contact sites (MCS) independently of the known tether STIM1. Sec22b knockdown increases calcium signaling, phagolysosome fusion and antigen degradation and alters phagosomal phospholipids PI(3)P, PS and PI(4)P. Levels of PI(4)P, a lysosome docking lipid, are rescued by Sec22b re-expression and by expression of the artificial tether MAPPER but not the MCS-disrupting mutant Sec22b-P33. Moreover, Sec22b co-precipitates with the PS/PI(4)P exchange protein ORP8. Wild-type, but not mutant ORP8 rescues phagosomal PI(4)P and reduces antigen degradation. Sec22b, MAPPER and ORP8 but not P33 or mutant-ORP8 restores phagolysosome fusion in knockdown cells. These findings clarify an alternative mechanism through which Sec22b controls phagosome maturation and beg a reassessment of the relative contribution of Sec22b-mediated fusion versus tethering to phagosome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Criado Santos
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Bouvet
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cruz Cobo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marion Mandavit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Bermont
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Castelbou
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Farah Mansour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maral Azam
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91198, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91198, France
| | - Paula Nunes-Hasler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médicale Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Rakovskaya A, Erofeev A, Vinokurov E, Pchitskaya E, Dahl R, Bezprozvanny I. Positive Allosteric Modulators of SERCA Pump Restore Dendritic Spines and Rescue Long-Term Potentiation Defects in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13973. [PMID: 37762276 PMCID: PMC10530588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory formation and storage processes. Dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) has been identified as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been suggested that pharmacological agents that stabilize Ca2+ neuronal signaling can act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+-stabilizing agents and exhibit neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we evaluated effects of a set of novel SERCA PAM agents on the rate of Ca2+ extraction from the cytoplasm of the HEK293T cell line, on morphometric parameters of dendritic spines of primary hippocampal neurons in normal conditions and in conditions of amyloid toxicity, and on long-term potentiation in slices derived from 5xFAD transgenic mice modeling AD. Several SERCA PAM compounds demonstrated neuroprotective properties, and the compound NDC-9009 showed the best results. The findings in this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment and that NDC-9009 is a promising lead molecule to be used in the development of disease-modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Rakovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Egor Vinokurov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Russell Dahl
- Neurodon Corporation, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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7
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Garg M, Johri S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology? FEBS J 2023; 290:4395-4418. [PMID: 35731715 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the extramitochondrial compartment. These endogenous immune triggers, called mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet their role remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarise the available literature on mtDAMPs in diseases, with a special focus on respiratory diseases. We highlight the need to bolster mtDAMP research using a multipronged approach, to study their effect on specific cell types, receptors and machinery in pathologies. We emphasise the lacunae in the current understanding of mtDAMPs, particularly in their cellular release and the chemical modifications they undergo. Finally, we conclude by proposing additional effects of mtDAMPs in diseases, specifically their role in modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saumya Johri
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Bao Z, Chen X, Li Y, Jiang W, Pan D, Ma L, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Wang L, Zhao S, Wang T, Lu WY, Ma C, Wang S. The hepatic GABAergic system promotes liver macrophage M2 polarization and mediates HBV replication in mice. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105680. [PMID: 37494980 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages display functional phenotypic plasticity. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection induces polarizations of liver macrophages either to M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype or to M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling exists in various non-neuronal cells including hepatocytes and some immune cells. Here we report that macrophages express functional GABAergic signaling components and activation of type A GABA receptors (GABAARs) promotes M2-polarization thus advancing HBV replication. Notably, intraperitoneal injection of GABA or the GABAAR agonist muscimol increased HBV replication in HBV-carrier mice that were generated by hydrodynamical injection of adeno-associated virus/HBV1.2 plasmids (pAAV/HBV1.2). The GABA-augmented HBV replication in HBV-carrier mice was significantly reduced by the GABAAR inhibitor picrotoxin although picrotoxin had no significant effect on serum HBsAg levels in control HBV-carrier mice. Depletion of liver macrophages by liposomal clodronate treatment also significantly reduced the GABA-augmented HBV replication. Yet adoptive transfer of liver macrophages isolated from GABA-treated donor HBV-carrier mice into the liposomal clodronate-pretreated recipient HBV-carrier mice restored HBV replication. Moreover, GABA or muscimol treatment increased the expression of "M2" cytokines in macrophages, but had no direct effect on HBV replication in the HepG2.2.15 cells, HBV1.3-transfected Huh7, HepG2, or HepaRG cells, or HBV-infected Huh7-NTCP cells. Taken together, these results suggest that increasing GABA signaling in the liver promotes HBV replication in HBV-carrier mice by suppressing the immunity of liver macrophages, but not by increasing the susceptibility of hepatocytes to HBV infection. Our study shows that a previously unknown GABAergic system in liver macrophage has an essential role in HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Bao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Translational Medical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wenshan Jiang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Di Pan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lushun Ma
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaojia Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songbo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tixiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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9
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Seegren PV, Harper LR, Downs TK, Zhao XY, Viswanathan SB, Stremska ME, Olson RJ, Kennedy J, Ewald SE, Kumar P, Desai BN. Reduced mitochondrial calcium uptake in macrophages is a major driver of inflammaging. NATURE AGING 2023:10.1038/s43587-023-00436-8. [PMID: 37277641 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to age-associated inflammation or inflammaging, but underlying mechanisms are not understood. Analyses of 700 human blood transcriptomes revealed clear signs of age-associated low-grade inflammation. Among changes in mitochondrial components, we found that the expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its regulatory subunit MICU1, genes central to mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) signaling, correlated inversely with age. Indeed, mCa2+ uptake capacity of mouse macrophages decreased significantly with age. We show that in both human and mouse macrophages, reduced mCa2+ uptake amplifies cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and potentiates downstream nuclear factor kappa B activation, which is central to inflammation. Our findings pinpoint the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex as a keystone molecular apparatus that links age-related changes in mitochondrial physiology to systemic macrophage-mediated age-associated inflammation. The findings raise the exciting possibility that restoring mCa2+ uptake capacity in tissue-resident macrophages may decrease inflammaging of specific organs and alleviate age-associated conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip V Seegren
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Logan R Harper
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Taylor K Downs
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Marta E Stremska
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rachel J Olson
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Kennedy
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ewald
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- University of Virginia, Bioinformatics Core, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Li K, Bian J, Xiao Y, Wang D, Han L, He C, Gong L, Wang M. Changes in Pancreatic Senescence Mediate Pancreatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043513. [PMID: 36834922 PMCID: PMC9962587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in age-related diseases due to the improvement in life expectancy worldwide. The pancreas undergoes various morphological and pathological changes with aging, such as pancreatic atrophy, fatty degeneration, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and exocrine pancreatic metaplasia. Meanwhile, these may predispose the individuals to aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, dyspepsia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and pancreatitis, as the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are significantly affected by aging. Pancreatic senescence is associated with various underlying factors including genetic damage, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This paper reviews the alternations of morphologies and functions in the aging pancreas, especially β-cells, closely related to insulin secretion. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms of pancreatic senescence to provide potential targets for treating pancreatic aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
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12
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Palestra F, Poto R, Ciardi R, Opromolla G, Secondo A, Tedeschi V, Ferrara AL, Di Crescenzo RM, Galdiero MR, Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Marone G, Fiorelli A, Varricchi G, Loffredo S. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates Human Lung Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3036. [PMID: 36769357 PMCID: PMC9917796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This disease is characterized primarily, but not exclusively, by respiratory tract inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on the binding of spike protein to ACE2 on the host cells. The virus uses the protease TMPRSS2 as an entry activator. Human lung macrophages (HLMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the lung and fulfill a variety of specialized functions mediated by the production of cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of spike protein on HLM activation and the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in HLMs. Spike protein induced CXCL8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β release from HLMs; promoted efficient phagocytosis; and induced dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by increasing lysosomal Ca2+ content in HLMs. Microscopy experiments revealed that HLM tracking was affected by spike protein activation. Finally, HLMs constitutively expressed mRNAs for ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In conclusion, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, macrophages seem to play a key role in lung injury, resulting in immunological dysfunction and respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Ciardi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Opromolla
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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A new hemostatic agent composed of Zn2+-enriched Ca2+ alginate activates vascular endothelial cells in vitro and promotes tissue repair in vivo. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:368-382. [PMID: 35415309 PMCID: PMC8965972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To control capillary bleeding, surgeons may use absorbable hemostatic agents, such as Surgicel® and TachoSil®. Due to their slow resorption, their persistence in situ can have a negative impact on tissue repair in the resected organ. To avoid complications and obtain a hemostatic agent that promotes tissue repair, a zinc-supplemented calcium alginate compress was developed: HEMO-IONIC®. This compress is non-absorbable and is therefore removed once hemostasis has been achieved. After demonstrating the hemostatic efficacy and stability of the blood clot obtained with HEMO-IONIC, the impact of Surgicel, TachoSil, and HEMO-IONIC on cell activation and tissue repair were compared (i) in vitro on endothelial cells, which are essential to tissue repair, and (ii) in vivo in a mouse skin excision model. In vitro, only HEMO-IONIC maintained the phenotypic and functional properties of endothelial cells and induced their migration. In comparison, Surgicel was found to be highly cytotoxic, and TachoSil inhibited endothelial cell migration. In vivo, only HEMO-IONIC increased angiogenesis, the recruitment of cells essential to tissue repair (macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells), and accelerated maturation of the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate that a zinc-supplemented calcium alginate, HEMO-IONIC, applied for 10 min at the end of surgery and then removed has a long-term positive effect on all phases of tissue repair. A new Zn2+ enriched Ca2+ alginate hemostatic agent, HEMO-IONIC, has been developed. Non-absorbable, it achieves hemostasis with no foreign bodies left in the wound. HEMO-IONIC stimulates endothelial cell migration in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. HEMO-IONIC, removed 10 min after application, promotes all stages of tissue repair.
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Chai H, Wang W, Yuan X, Zhu C. Bio-Activated PEEK: Promising Platforms for Improving Osteogenesis through Modulating Macrophage Polarization. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120747. [PMID: 36550953 PMCID: PMC9774947 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The attention on orthopedic biomaterials has shifted from their direct osteogenic properties to their osteoimmunomodulation, especially the modulation of macrophage polarization. Presently, advanced technologies endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with good osteoimmunomodulation by modifying PEEK surface characteristics or incorporating bioactive substances with regulating macrophage polarization. Recent studies have demonstrated that the fabrication of a hydrophilic surface and the incorporation of bioactive substances into PEEK (e.g., zinc, calcium, and phosphate) are good strategies to promote osteogenesis by enhancing the polarization of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the modification by other osteoimmunomodulatory composites (e.g., lncRNA-MM2P, IL-4, IL-10, and chitosan) and their controlled and desired release may make PEEK an optimal bio-activated implant for regulating and balancing the osteogenic system and immune system. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the potential of bio-activated PEEK in polarizing macrophages into M2 phenotype to improve osteogenesis. For this objective, we retrieved and discussed different kinds of bio-activated PEEK regarding improving osteogenesis through modulating macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, the relevant challenges and outlook were presented. We hope that this review can shed light on the development of bio-activated PEEK with more favorable osteoimmunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
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15
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Mahamood A, Yaku K, Hikosaka K, Gulshan M, Inoue SI, Kobayashi F, Nakagawa T. Nmnat3 deficiency in hemolytic anemia exacerbate malaria infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Gough M, Singh DK, Singh B, Kaushal D, Mehra S. System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:777733. [PMID: 36275677 PMCID: PMC9583676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed specialized mechanisms to parasitize its host cell, the macrophage. These mechanisms allow it to overcome killing by oxidative burst and persist in the wake of an inflammatory response. Mtb infection in the majority of those exposed is controlled in an asymptomatic form referred to as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). HIV is a well-known catalyst of reactivation of LTBI to active TB infection (ATB). Through the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) co-infected with Mtb and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (Mtb/SIV), we are able to simulate human progression of TB/AIDS comorbidity. The advantage of NHP models is that they recapitulate the breadth of human TB outcomes, including immune control of infection, and loss of this control due to SIV co-infection. Identifying correlates of immune control of infection is important for both vaccine and therapeutics development. Using macaques infected with Mtb or Mtb/SIV and with different clinical outcomes we attempted to identify signatures between those that progress to active infection after SIV challenge (reactivators) and those that control the infection (non-reactivators). We particularly focused on pathways relevant to myeloid origin cells such as macrophages, as these innate immunocytes have an important contribution to the initial control or the lack thereof, following Mtb infection. Using bacterial burden, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other clinical indicators of disease severity as a guide, we were able to establish gene signatures of host disease state and progression. In addition to gene signatures, clustering algorithms were used to differentiate between host disease states and identify relationships between genes. This allowed us to identify clusters of genes which exhibited differential expression profiles between the three groups of macaques: ATB, LTBI and Mtb/SIV. The gene signatures were associated with pathways relevant to apoptosis, ATP production, phagocytosis, cell migration, and Type I interferon (IFN), which are related to macrophage function. Our results suggest novel macrophage functions that may play roles in the control of Mtb infection with and without co-infection with SIV. These results particularly point towards an interplay between Type I IFN signaling and IFN-γ signaling, and the resulting impact on lung macrophages as an important determinant of progression to TB.
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Zong P, Feng J, Yue Z, Yu AS, Vacher J, Jellison ER, Miller B, Mori Y, Yue L. TRPM2 deficiency in mice protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting TRPM2-CD36 inflammatory axis in macrophages. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:344-360. [PMID: 35445217 PMCID: PMC9015693 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The central pathological features of atherosclerosis include macrophage infiltration and foam cell formation. However, the detailed mechanisms regulating these two processes remain unclear. Here we show that oxidative stress-activated Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Both global and macrophage-specific Trpm2 deletion protect Apoe−/− mice against atherosclerosis. Trpm2 deficiency reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake by macrophages, thereby minimizing macrophage infiltration, foam cell formation and inflammatory responses. Activation of the oxLDL receptor CD36 induces TRPM2 activity, and vice versa. In cultured macrophages, TRPM2 is activated by CD36 ligands oxLDL and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), and deleting Trpm2 or inhibiting TRPM2 activity suppresses the activation of CD36 signaling cascade induced by oxLDL and TSP1. Our findings establish the TRPM2-CD36 axis as a molecular mechanism underlying atherogenesis, and suggest TRPM2 as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Albert S Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jean Vacher
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Barbara Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus A4-218, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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18
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Eberhardt N, Bergero G, Mazzocco Mariotta YL, Aoki MP. Purinergic modulation of the immune response to infections. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:93-113. [PMID: 34997903 PMCID: PMC8742569 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. After infection, disease progression relies on the complex interplay between the host immune response and the microorganism evasion strategies. The host's survival depends on its ability to mount an efficient protective anti-microbial response to accomplish pathogen clearance while simultaneously preventing tissue injury by keeping under control the excessive inflammatory process. The purinergic system has the dual function of regulating the immune response and triggering effector antimicrobial mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity driven by the purinergic system during parasitic, bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina L. Mazzocco Mariotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Haya de La Torre and Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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19
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Grüneboom A, Aust O, Cibir Z, Weber F, Hermann DM, Gunzer M. Imaging innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:293-303. [PMID: 34837251 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infectious intruders and also plays a major role in the development of sterile inflammation. Direct microscopic imaging of the involved immune cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, has been performed since more than 150 years, and we still obtain novel insights on a frequent basis. Initially, intravital microscopy was limited to small-sized animal species, which were often invertebrates. In this review, we will discuss recent results on the biology of neutrophils and macrophages that have been obtained using confocal and two-photon microscopy of individual cells or subcellular structures as well as light-sheet microscopy of entire organs. This includes the role of these cells in infection defense and sterile inflammation in mammalian disease models relevant for human patients. We discuss their protective but also disease-enhancing activities during tumor growth and ischemia-reperfusion damage of the heart and brain. Finally, we provide two visions, one experimental and one applied, how our knowledge on the function of innate immune cells might be further enhanced and also be used in novel ways for disease diagnostics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Aust
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zülal Cibir
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Flora Weber
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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20
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Zhang R, Jones MM, Parker D, Dornsife RE, Wymer N, Onyenwoke RU, Sivaraman V. Acute vaping exacerbates microbial pneumonia due to calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256166. [PMID: 34383849 PMCID: PMC8360547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As electronic cigarette (E-cig) use, also known as "vaping", has rapidly increased in popularity, data regarding potential pathologic effects are recently emerging. Recent associations between vaping and lung pathology have led to an increased need to scrutinize E-cigs for adverse health impacts. Our previous work (and others) has associated vaping with Ca2+-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Herein, we develop a vaped e-liquid pulmonary exposure mouse model to evaluate vaping effects in vivo. Using this model, we demonstrate lung pathology through the use of preclinical measures, that is, the lung wet: dry ratio and lung histology/H&E staining. Further, we demonstrate that acute vaping increases macrophage chemotaxis, which was ascertained using flow cytometry-based techniques, and inflammatory cytokine production, via Luminex analysis, through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. This increase in macrophage activation appears to exacerbate pulmonary pathology resulting from microbial infection. Importantly, modulating Ca2+ signaling may present a therapeutic direction for treatment against vaping-associated pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Myles M. Jones
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - De’Jana Parker
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ronna E. Dornsife
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nathan Wymer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rob U. Onyenwoke
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vijay Sivaraman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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21
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Petersen OH, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Gryshchenko O, Peng S. The roles of calcium and ATP in the physiology and pathology of the exocrine pancreas. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1691-1744. [PMID: 33949875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the control of the normal functions of the different cell types in the exocrine pancreas as well as the roles of these molecules in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Repetitive rises in the local cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the apical part of the acinar cells not only activate exocytosis but also, via an increase in the intramitochondrial calcium ion concentration, stimulate the ATP formation that is needed to fuel the energy-requiring secretion process. However, intracellular calcium overload, resulting in a global sustained elevation of the cytosolic calcium ion concentration, has the opposite effect of decreasing mitochondrial ATP production, and this initiates processes that lead to necrosis. In the last few years it has become possible to image calcium signaling events simultaneously in acinar, stellate, and immune cells in intact lobules of the exocrine pancreas. This has disclosed processes by which these cells interact with each other, particularly in relation to the initiation and development of acute pancreatitis. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, several promising therapeutic intervention sites have been identified. This provides hope that we may soon be able to effectively treat this often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Pathak S, Gokhroo A, Kumar Dubey A, Majumdar S, Gupta S, Almeida A, Mahajan GB, Kate A, Mishra P, Sharma R, Kumar S, Vishwakarma R, Balakrishnan A, Atreya H, Nandi D. 7-Hydroxy Frullanolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, increases intracellular calcium amounts, lowers CD4 + T cell and macrophage responses, and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107655. [PMID: 33901737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of anti-inflammatory molecules obtained from plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. In this study, the effects of 7-hydroxy frullanolide (7HF), a sesquiterpene lactone, in inhibiting CD4+ T cell and peritoneal macrophage responses were investigated. 7HF, in a dose dependent manner, lowers CD69 upregulation, IL2 production and CD4+ T cell cycling upon activation with the combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 7HF, at early time points, increases intracellular Ca2+ amounts, over and above the levels induced upon activation. The functional relevance of 7HF-induced Ca2+ increase was confirmed using sub-optimal amounts of BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, which lowers lactate and rescues CD4+ T cell cycling. In addition, 7HF lowers T cell cycling with the combination of PMA and Ionomycin. However, 7HF increases CD4+ T cell cycling with sub-optimal activating signals: only PMA or anti-CD3. Furthermore, LPS-induced nitrite and IL6 production by peritoneal macrophages is inhibited by 7HF in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Studies with Ca2+ channel inhibitors, Ruthenium Red and 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, lowers the inhibitory effects of 7HF on CD4+ T cell and macrophage responses. In silico studies demonstrated that 7HF binds to Ca2+ channels, TRPV1, IP3R and SERCA, which is mechanistically important. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of 7HF lowers serum inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ and IL6, and reduces the effects of DSS-induced colitis with respect to colon length and colon damage. Overall, this study sheds mechanistic light on the anti-inflammatory potential of 7HF, a natural plant compound, in lowering immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhijeet Gokhroo
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashim Kumar Dubey
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Souradeep Gupta
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asha Almeida
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Abhijeet Kate
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Arun Balakrishnan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Hanudatta Atreya
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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23
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Sipka T, Peroceschi R, Hassan-Abdi R, Groß M, Ellett F, Begon-Pescia C, Gonzalez C, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Damage-Induced Calcium Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Macrophage Activation in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636585. [PMID: 33841419 PMCID: PMC8032883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediately after a wound, macrophages are activated and change their phenotypes in reaction to danger signals released from the damaged tissues. The cues that contribute to macrophage activation after wounding in vivo are still poorly understood. Calcium signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), mainly hydrogen peroxide, are conserved early wound signals that emanate from the wound and guide neutrophils within tissues up to the wound. However, the role of these signals in the recruitment and the activation of macrophages is elusive. Here we used the transparent zebrafish larva as a tractable vertebrate system to decipher the signaling cascade necessary for macrophage recruitment and activation after the injury of the caudal fin fold. By using transgenic reporter lines to track pro-inflammatory activated macrophages combined with high-resolutive microscopy, we tested the role of Ca²⁺ and ROS signaling in macrophage activation. By inhibiting intracellular Ca²⁺ released from the ER stores, we showed that macrophage recruitment and activation towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes are impaired. By contrast, ROS are only necessary for macrophage activation independently on calcium. Using genetic depletion of neutrophils, we showed that neutrophils are not essential for macrophage recruitment and activation. Finally, we identified Src family kinases, Lyn and Yrk and NF-κB as key regulators of macrophage activation in vivo, with Lyn and ROS presumably acting in the same signaling pathway. This study describes a molecular mechanism by which early wound signals drive macrophage polarization and suggests unique therapeutic targets to control macrophage activity during diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Martin Groß
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Felix Ellett
- Bateson Centre and Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Hofschröer V, Najder K, Rugi M, Bouazzi R, Cozzolino M, Arcangeli A, Panyi G, Schwab A. Ion Channels Orchestrate Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586599. [PMID: 33841132 PMCID: PMC8025202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is required. Ion channels contribute substantially to the "hallmarks of cancer." Their expression is dysregulated in cancer, and they are "misused" to drive cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Ion channels are located in the cell membrane at the interface between the intracellular and extracellular space. They sense and modify the tumor microenvironment which in itself is a driver of PDAC aggressiveness. Ion channels detect, for example, locally altered proton and electrolyte concentrations or mechanical stimuli and transduce signals triggered by these microenvironmental cues through association with intracellular signaling cascades. While these concepts have been firmly established for other cancers, evidence has emerged only recently that ion channels are drivers of PDAC aggressiveness. Particularly, they appear to contribute to two of the characteristic PDAC features: the massive fibrosis of the tumor stroma (desmoplasia) and the efficient immune evasion. Our critical review of the literature clearly shows that there is still a remarkable lack of knowledge with respect to the contribution of ion channels to these two typical PDAC properties. Yet, we can draw parallels from ion channel research in other fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. Evidence is accumulating that pancreatic stellate cells express the same "profibrotic" ion channels. Similarly, it is at least in part known which major ion channels are expressed in those innate and adaptive immune cells that populate the PDAC microenvironment. We explore potential therapeutic avenues derived thereof. Since drugs targeting PDAC-relevant ion channels are already in clinical use, we propose to repurpose those in PDAC. The quest for ion channel targets is both motivated and complicated by the fact that some of the relevant channels, for example, KCa3.1, are functionally expressed in the cancer, stroma, and immune cells. Only in vivo studies will reveal which arm of the balance we should put our weights on when developing channel-targeting PDAC therapies. The time is up to explore the efficacy of ion channel targeting in (transgenic) murine PDAC models before launching clinical trials with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rayhana Bouazzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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25
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Tremble LF, Heffron CCBB, Forde PF. The effect of calcium electroporation on viability, phenotype and function of melanoma conditioned macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20645. [PMID: 33244152 PMCID: PMC7691332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation in combination with chemotherapy is an established treatment used on solid malignancies that results in enhanced chemotherapeutic uptake. Recent advances have begun to transition to the use of non-toxic compounds, such as calcium, in lieu of chemotherapy, which can also induce tumour cell death. While the effect of treatment on tumour cell death has been well characterized and has been shown to induce an immunogenic form of cell death, the effect of treatment on intratumoural immune cells has not been investigated. Here we present data showing the effect of calcium electroporation on immune cells, using melanoma-conditioned bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similar to tumour cells, macrophage cell membranes are susceptible to poration following treatment and subsequently reseal. Macrophages are less susceptible to calcium electroporation induced cell death in comparison to B16F10 melanoma cells. However treatment with electroporation with or without bleomycin or calcium was shown to affect macrophage phenotype and function. Coculture of calcium electroporated macrophages revealed that both the capacity of macrophages to stimulate and direct T cell responses are affected following exposure to treatment. We conclude that calcium electroporation has the potential to boost the immunogenic capacity of exposed tumour associated macrophages, and further research is warranted to determine if calcium electroporation can be optimised to generate systemic anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Friel Tremble
- CancerResearch@UCC, University College Cork, Fourth floor, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Patrick F Forde
- CancerResearch@UCC, University College Cork, Fourth floor, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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26
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Cruz AM, Beall C. Extracellular ATP Increases Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Cells in a P2 Receptor Dependent Manner but Does Not Contribute to Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2020; 11:567378. [PMID: 33101053 PMCID: PMC7545032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate contribute to the development of Type 2 Diabetes by reducing insulin sensitivity, increasing inflammation and potentially contributing to anabolic resistance. We hypothesized that palmitate-induced ATP release from skeletal muscle cells may increase inflammatory cytokine production and contribute to insulin/anabolic resistance in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In C2C12 myotubes differentiated at physiological glucose concentrations (5.5 mM), palmitate treatment (16 h) at concentrations greater than 250 μM increased release of ATP and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MIF, significantly blunted insulin and amino acid-induced signaling and reduced mitochondrial function. In contrast to our hypothesis, degradation of extracellular ATP using apyrase, did not alter palmitate-induced insulin resistance nor alter release of cytokines. Moreover, treatment with ATPγS (16 h), a non-hydrolysable ATP analog, in the absence of palmitate, did not diminish insulin sensitivity. Acute treatment with ATPγS produced insulin mimetic roles; increased phosphorylation of PKB (aka AKT), S6K1 and ERK and enhanced GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in the absence of exogenous insulin. The increases in PKB and S6K1 phosphorylation were completely prevented by pre-incubation with broad spectrum purinergic receptor (P2R) blockers PPADs and suramin but not by P2 × 4 or P2 × 7 blockers 5-BDBD or A-438079, respectively. Moreover, ATPγS increased IL-6 yet decreased MIF release, similar to the cytokine profile produced by exercise. Acute and chronic treatment with ATPγS increased glycolytic rate in a manner that was differentially inhibited by PPADs and suramin, suggesting heterogeneous P2R activation in the control of cellular metabolism. In summary, our data suggest that the palmitate-induced increase in ATP does not contribute to insulin/anabolic resistance in a cell autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miguel Cruz
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Beall
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
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27
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Gryshchenko O, Gerasimenko JV, Petersen OH, Gerasimenko OV. Calcium Signaling in Pancreatic Immune Cells In situ. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 2:zqaa026. [PMID: 35330972 PMCID: PMC8788766 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells were identified in intact live mouse pancreatic lobules and their Ca2+ signals, evoked by various agents, characterized and compared with the simultaneously recorded Ca2+ signals in neighboring acinar and stellate cells. Immunochemistry in the live lobules indicated that the pancreatic immune cells most likely are macrophages. In the normal pancreas the density of these cells is very low, but induction of acute pancreatitis (AP), by a combination of ethanol and fatty acids, markedly increased the number of the immune cells. The principal agent eliciting Ca2+ signals in the pancreatic immune cells was ATP, but these cells also frequently produced Ca2+ signals in response to acetylcholine and to high concentrations of bradykinin. Pharmacological studies, using specific purinergic agonists and antagonists, indicated that the ATP-elicited Ca2+ signals were mediated by both P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptors. The pancreatic immune cells were not electrically excitable and the Ca2+ signals generated by ATP were primarily due to release of Ca2+ from internal stores followed by store-operated Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. The ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ liberation was dependent on both IP3 generation and IP3 receptors. We propose that the ATP-elicited Ca2+ signal generation in the pancreatic immune cells is likely to play an important role in the severe inflammatory response to the primary injury of the acinar cells that occurs in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Gryshchenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK,Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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28
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Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Rabelo ILA, Bento CA, Glaser T, Bezerra J, Coutinho-Silva R, Ulrich H, Lameu C. Using Cytometry for Investigation of Purinergic Signaling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1109-1126. [PMID: 32633884 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are widely recognized for their importance in guiding pro-tumoral or antitumoral responses. Mediating inflammation or immunosuppression, these cells support many key events in cancer progression: cell growth, chemotaxis, invasiveness, angiogenesis and cell death. The communication between cells in the tumor microenvironment strongly relies on the secretion and recognition of several molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Extracellular ATP (eATP) and its degradation products act as signaling molecules and have extensively described roles in immune response and inflammation, as well as in cancer biology. These multiple functions highlight the purinergic system as a promising target to investigate the interplay between macrophages and cancer cells. Here, we reviewed purinergic signaling pathways connecting cancer cells and macrophages, a yet poorly investigated field. Finally, we present a new tool for the characterization of macrophage phenotype within the tumor. Image cytometry emerges as a cutting-edge tool, capable of providing a broad set of information on cell morphology, expression of specific markers, and its cellular or subcellular localization, preserving cell-cell interactions within the tumor section and providing high statistical strength in small-sized experiments. Thus, image cytometry allows deeper investigation of tumor heterogeneity and interactions between these cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izadora L A Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Bento
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Scheraga RG, Southern BD, Grove LM, Olman MA. The Role of TRPV4 in Regulating Innate Immune Cell Function in Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1211. [PMID: 32676078 PMCID: PMC7333351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels/pumps are essential regulators of innate immune cell function. Macrophages have been increasingly recognized to have phenotypic plasticity and location-specific functions in the lung. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) function in lung injury has been shown to be stimulus- and cell-type specific. In the current review, we discuss the importance of TRPV4 in macrophages and its role in phagocytosis and cytokine secretion in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Furthermore, TRPV4 controls a MAPK molecular switch from predominately c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK activation, to that of p38 activation, that mediates phagocytosis and cytokine secretion in a matrix stiffness-dependent manner. Expanding knowledge regarding the downstream mechanisms by which TRPV4 acts to tailor macrophage function in pulmonary inflammatory diseases will allow for formulation of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Scheraga
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian D. Southern
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M. Grove
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Olman
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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30
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Elliot A, Myllymäki H, Feng Y. Inflammatory Responses during Tumour Initiation: From Zebrafish Transgenic Models of Cancer to Evidence from Mouse and Man. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041018. [PMID: 32325966 PMCID: PMC7226149 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is now an important model organism for cancer biology studies and provides unique and complementary opportunities in comparison to the mammalian equivalent. The translucency of zebrafish has allowed in vivo live imaging studies of tumour initiation and progression at the cellular level, providing novel insights into our understanding of cancer. Here we summarise the available transgenic zebrafish tumour models and discuss what we have gleaned from them with respect to cancer inflammation. In particular, we focus on the host inflammatory response towards transformed cells during the pre-neoplastic stage of tumour development. We discuss features of tumour-associated macrophages and neutrophils in mammalian models and present evidence that supports the idea that these inflammatory cells promote early stage tumour development and progression. Direct live imaging of tumour initiation in zebrafish models has shown that the intrinsic inflammation induced by pre-neoplastic cells is tumour promoting. Signals mediating leukocyte recruitment to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish correspond to the signals that mediate leukocyte recruitment in mammalian tumours. The activation state of macrophages and neutrophils recruited to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish appears to be heterogenous, as seen in mammalian models, which provides an opportunity to study the plasticity of innate immune cells during tumour initiation. Although several potential mechanisms are described that might mediate the trophic function of innate immune cells during tumour initiation in zebrafish, there are several unknowns that are yet to be resolved. Rapid advancement of genetic tools and imaging technologies for zebrafish will facilitate research into the mechanisms that modulate leukocyte function during tumour initiation and identify targets for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)131-242-6685
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31
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Gordon S, Plüddemann A, Mukhopadhyay S. Plasma membrane receptors of tissue macrophages: functions and role in pathology. J Pathol 2020; 250:656-666. [PMID: 32086805 DOI: 10.1002/path.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) constitute a dispersed organ, which is distributed throughout the body. Macrophages in different tissues display distinctive mosaic phenotypes as resident and recruited cells of embryonic and bone marrow origin, respectively. They help to maintain homeostasis during development and throughout adult life, yet contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease processes, including inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Heterogeneous tissue macrophage populations display a wide variety of surface molecules to recognise and respond to host, microbial, and exogenous ligands in their environment; their receptors mediate the uptake and destruction of effete and dying host cells and pathogens, as well as contribute trophic and secretory functions within every organ in the body. Apart from local cellular interactions, macrophage surface molecules and products serve to mobilise and coordinate systemic humoral and cellular responses. Their use as antigen markers in pathogenesis and as potential drug targets has lagged in clinical pathology and human immunotherapy. In this review, we summarise the properties of selected surface molecules expressed on macrophages in different tissues and disease processes, to provide a functional basis for diagnosis, further research, and treatment. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Tozzi M, Hansen JB, Novak I. Pannexin-1 mediated ATP release in adipocytes is sensitive to glucose and insulin and modulates lipolysis and macrophage migration. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13360. [PMID: 31400255 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular ATP signalling is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in several tissues, including adipose tissue. Adipocytes have crucial functions in lipid and glucose metabolism and they express purinergic receptors. However, the sources of extracellular ATP in adipose tissue are not well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism and regulation of ATP release in white adipocytes, and evaluated the role of extracellular ATP as potential autocrine and paracrine signal. METHODS Online ATP release was monitored in C3H10T1/2 cells and freshly isolated murine adipocytes. The ATP release mechanism and its regulation were tested in cells exposed to adrenergic agonists, insulin, glucose load and pharmacological inhibitors. Cell metabolism was monitored using Seahorse respirometry and expression analysis of pannexin-1 was performed on pre- and mature adipocytes. The ATP signalling was evaluated in live cell imaging (Ca2+ , pore formation), glycerol release and its effect on macrophages was tested in co-culture and migration assays. RESULTS Here, we show that upon adrenergic stimulation white murine adipocytes release ATP through the pannexin-1 pore that is regulated by a cAMP-PKA-dependent pathway. The ATP release correlates with increased cell metabolism and is sensitive to glucose. Extracellular ATP induces Ca2+ signalling and lipolysis in adipocytes and promotes macrophage migration. Importantly, ATP release is markedly inhibited by insulin, which operates via the activation of phosphodiesterase 3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an insulin-pannexin-1-purinergic signalling crosstalk in adipose tissue and we propose that deregulation of this signalling may contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tozzi
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Lim SG, Suk K, Lee WH. LETMD1 Regulates Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Responses to Lipopolysaccharide via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and NF-κB Activation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1299-1309. [PMID: 31980577 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
LETM1 domain-containing protein 1 (LETMD1), also known as HCCR-1, is a mitochondrial protein and is known to regulate p53 and STAT3 activities in cancer cells. In this study, we present, for the first time (to our knowledge), data indicating that LETMD1 suppresses multiple immune responses in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells and mouse primary macrophages. Attenuation of LETMD1 expression with specific small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA constructs enhanced LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, LETMD1 attenuation caused potentiation of phagocytosis as well as migration in a macrophage-like cell line, U937. These enhancing effects were associated with altered activation of signaling adaptors (such as NF-κB, MAPKs, p53, and JAK-STAT) involved in TLR4 signaling. Especially, LETMD1 selectively regulated TLR4-induced NF-κB activation via MyD88 but not via TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Attenuation of LETMD1 expression caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization and subsequent decrease in ATP production and increase in mitochondrial/cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium levels. LETMD1 attenuation also enhanced LPS-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, the main producer of cellular ROS in phagocytes, through augmenting IFN regulatory factor 1. Accordingly, treatment with ROS scavenger, NOX2 suppressing agents, or calcium chelators resulted in suppression of LPS-induced cytokine production as well as NF-κB activation in cells with LETMD1 attenuation. These findings reveal a previously unknown function of LETMD1 and provide evidences showing LETMD1 negatively regulates macrophage functions by modulating mitochondrial function, subsequent ROS generation, and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; and
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Guo S, Yu D, Xiao X, Liu W, Wu Z, Shi L, Zhao Q, Yang D, Lu Y, Wei X, Tang Z, Wang N, Li X, Han Y, Guo Z. A vessel subtype beneficial for osteogenesis enhanced by strontium-doped sodium titanate nanorods by modulating macrophage polarization. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6048-6058. [PMID: 32627795 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early vascularization plays an important role in bone healing, especially in interfacial bone formation.
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Curine Inhibits Macrophage Activation and Neutrophil Recruitment in a Mouse Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120705. [PMID: 31816942 PMCID: PMC6950719 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Curine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BBA) with anti-allergic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that this alkaloid is orally active at non-toxic doses. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects remain to be elucidated. This work aimed to investigate the effects of curine on macrophage activation and neutrophil recruitment. Using a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pleurisy, we demonstrated that curine significantly inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils in association with the inhibition of cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (CCL2/MCP-1) as well as leukotriene B4 in the pleural lavage of mice. Curine treatment reduced cytokine levels and the expression of iNOS in in vitro cultures of macrophages stimulated with LPS. Treatment with a calcium channel blocker resulted in comparable inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β production, as well as iNOS expression by macrophages, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of curine may be related to the inhibition of calcium-dependent mechanisms involved in macrophage activation. In conclusion, curine presented anti-inflammatory effects that are associated with inhibition of macrophage activation and neutrophil recruitment by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, LTB4 and nitric oxide (NO), and possibly by negatively modulating Ca2+ influx.
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Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:822-834. [PMID: 31813459 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages act as scavengers, modulating the immune response against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolism governs macrophage differentiation, polarization, mobilization, and the ability to mount an effective antitumor response. However, in cancer, the tumor microenvironment (TME) can actively reprogram macrophage metabolism either by direct exchange of metabolites or through cytokines and other signaling mediators. Thus, metabolic reprogramming holds potential for modulating macrophages and developing new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage metabolism as it relates to macrophage function and plasticity in cancer.
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Fornai M, Pacher P, Lee HT, Haskó G. P2X4 receptors, immunity, and sepsis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:65-74. [PMID: 30921560 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening systemic organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host response to an infectious insult. Currently, the treatment of sepsis is limited to the use of antibiotics, fluids, and cardiovascular/respiratory support. Despite these interventions, septic mortality remains high, with reduced life quality in survivors. For this reason, the identification of novel drug targets is a pressing task of modern pharmacology. According to a recent research, it appears that P2 purinergic receptors, which can regulate the host's response to infections, have been identified as potential targets for the treatment of sepsis. Among P2 receptors, the P2X4 receptor has recently captured the attention of the research community owing to its role in protecting against infections, inflammation, and organ injury. The present review provides an outline of the role played by P2X4 receptors in the modulation of the host's response to sepsis and the promise that targeting this receptor holds in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Tellez Freitas CM, Burrell HR, Valdoz JC, Hamblin GJ, Raymond CM, Cox TD, Johnson DK, Andersen JL, Weber KS, Bridgewater LC. The nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (nBMP2) is expressed in macrophages and alters calcium response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:934. [PMID: 30700748 PMCID: PMC6353957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), named nBMP2, that is translated from an alternative start codon. Decreased nuclear localization of nBMP2 in the nBmp2NLStm mouse model leads to muscular, neurological, and immune phenotypes—all of which are consistent with aberrant intracellular calcium (Ca2+) response. Ca2+ response in these mice, however, has yet to be measured directly. Because a prior study suggested impairment of macrophage function in nBmp2NLStm mutant mice, bone marrow derived (BMD) macrophages and splenic macrophages were isolated from wild type and nBmp2NLStm mutant mice. Immunocytochemistry revealed that nuclei of both BMD and splenic macrophages from wild type mice contain nBMP2, while the protein is decreased in nuclei of nBmp2NLStm mutant macrophages. Live-cell Ca2+ imaging and engulfment assays revealed that Ca2+ response and phagocytosis in response to bacterial supernatant are similar in BMD macrophages isolated from naïve (uninfected) nBmp2NLStm mutant mice and wild type mice, but are deficient in splenic macrophages isolated from mutant mice after secondary systemic infection with Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting progressive impairment as macrophages respond to infection. This direct evidence of impaired Ca2+ handling in nBMP2 mutant macrophages supports the hypothesis that nBMP2 plays a role in Ca2+ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Haley R Burrell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jonard C Valdoz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Garrett J Hamblin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carlee M Raymond
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tyler D Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Laura C Bridgewater
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
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Molteni L, Rizzi L, Bresciani E, Meanti R, Fehrentz JA, Verdié P, Omeljaniuk RJ, Biagini G, Locatelli V, Torsello A. STIM Proteins and Orai Ca 2+ Channels Are Involved in the Intracellular Pathways Activated by TLQP-21 in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1386. [PMID: 30542288 PMCID: PMC6277904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TLQP-21 is a neuropeptide which has been implicated in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions. Although recent studies identified C3a and gC1q receptors as targets for TLQP-21, its intracellular molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unidentified. Our aim was (i) to explore the intracellular signaling pathway(s) activated by JMV5656, a novel derivative of TLQP-21, in RAW264.7 macrophages, and (ii) to assess linkages of these pathways with its purported receptors. JMV5656 stimulated, in a dose-dependent fashion, a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in RAW264.7 cells; repeated exposure to the peptide resulted in a lower response, suggesting a possible desensitization mechanism of the receptor. In particular, JMV5656 increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels by a PLC-dependent release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. STIM proteins and Orai Ca2+ channels were activated and played a crucial role. In fact, treatment of the cells with U73122 and thapsigargin modulated the increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels stimulated by JMV5656. Moreover, in RAW264.7 cells intracellular Ca2+ increases did not occur through the binding of JMV5656 to the C3a receptor, since the increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels induced by JMV5656 was not affected by specific siRNA against C3aR. In summary, our study provides new indications for the downstream effects of JMV5656 in macrophages, suggesting that it could activate receptors different from the C3aR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- CNRS, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- CNRS, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Locatelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Pannexin-3 Deficiency Delays Skin Wound Healing in Mice due to Defects in Channel Functionality. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:909-918. [PMID: 30389492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin-3 (Panx3) is a gap junction protein that is required for regulating cell cycle exit and the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes during skeletal development. However, the role of Panx3 in skin tissue regeneration remains unclear. After dorsal skin punch biopsies, Panx3-knockout mice exhibited a significant delay in wound healing with insufficient re-epithelialization, decreased inflammatory reaction, and reduced collagen remodeling. Panx3 expression coincided with inflammatory reactions both in vivo and in vitro. By applying exogenous tumor necrosis factor-α to mimic inflammation in vitro, Panx3 expression was induced in HaCaT cells. In addition, Panx3 depletion reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition during skin wound healing. A protein essential for signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-β interacted with Panx3 by modulating intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels and thereby enhanced HaCaT cell migration ability with Panx3 overexpression. In conclusion, Panx3 plays a key role in the skin wound healing process by controlling keratinocytes and keratinocyte-mesenchyme cross-talk via hemichannel and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel functions, which differs from another gap junction, connexin 43 (Cx43), during skin wound healing.
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Chanzyme TRPM7 Mediates the Ca 2+ Influx Essential for Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Endocytosis and Macrophage Activation. Immunity 2018; 48:59-74.e5. [PMID: 29343440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns to activate the production of inflammatory mediators. TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and drives the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, often contributing to sepsis. We report that transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 (TRPM7), a non-selective but Ca2+-conducting ion channel, mediates the cytosolic Ca2+ elevations essential for LPS-induced macrophage activation. LPS triggered TRPM7-dependent Ca2+ elevations essential for TLR4 endocytosis and the subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3. In a parallel pathway, the Ca2+ signaling initiated by TRPM7 was also essential for the nuclear translocation of NFκB. Consequently, TRPM7-deficient macrophages exhibited major deficits in the LPS-induced transcriptional programs in that they failed to produce IL-1β and other key pro-inflammatory cytokines. In accord with these defects, mice with myeloid-specific deletion of Trpm7 are protected from LPS-induced peritonitis. Our study highlights the importance of Ca2+ signaling in macrophage activation and identifies the ion channel TRPM7 as a central component of TLR4 signaling.
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Januzi L, Poirier JW, Maksoud MJE, Xiang YY, Veldhuizen RAW, Gill SE, Cregan SP, Zhang H, Dekaban GA, Lu WY. Autocrine GABA signaling distinctively regulates phenotypic activation of mouse pulmonary macrophages. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:7-23. [PMID: 30017085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to micro-environmental cues such as microbial infections or T-helper 1 and 2 (TH1 and TH2) cytokines, macrophages (Mϕs) develop into M1- or M2-like phenotypes. Phenotypic polarization/activation of Mϕs are also essentially regulated by autocrine signals. Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR)-mediated autocrine signaling is critical for phenotypic differentiation and transformation of various cell types. The present study explored whether GABAAR signaling regulates lung Mϕ (LMϕ) phenotypic activation under M1/TH1 and M2/TH2 environments. Results showed that GABAAR subunits were expressed by primary LMϕ of mice and the mouse Mϕ cell line RAW264.7. The expression levels of GABAAR subunits in mouse LMϕs and RAW264.7 cells decreased or increased concurrently with classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation, respectively. Moreover, activation or blockade of GABAARs distinctively influenced the phenotypic characteristics of Mϕ. These results suggested that microenvironments leading to LMϕ phenotypic polarization concurrently modulates autocrine GABA signaling and its role in Mϕ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Januzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob W Poirier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Sean E Gill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Canada.
| | - Sean P Cregan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Bondu V, Bitting C, Poland VL, Hanson JA, Harkins MS, Lathrop S, Nolte KB, Lawrence DA, Buranda T. Upregulation of P2Y 2R, Active uPA, and PAI-1 Are Essential Components of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:169. [PMID: 29930915 PMCID: PMC6001748 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary pulmonary syndrome (HCPS) with the loss of pulmonary vascular endothelial integrity, and pulmonary edema without causing cytopathic effects on the vascular endothelium. HCPS is associated primarily with a dysregulated immune response. We previously found occult signs of hemostatic imbalance in the form of a sharp >30-100 fold increase in the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), in serial blood plasma draws of terminal stage-patients. However, the mechanism of the increase in PAI-1 remains unclear. PAI-1 is a primary inhibitor of fibrinolysis caused by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator plasma (uPA). Here, we investigate factors that contribute to PAI-1 upregulation during HCPS. Using zymography, we found evidence of PAI-1-refractory uPA activity and no tPA activity in plasma samples drawn from HCPS patients. The sole prevalence of uPA activity suggested that severe inflammation drove PAI-1 activity. We have recently reported that the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) mediates SNV infectivity by interacting in cis with β3 integrins, which activates the latter during infection. P2Y2R is a known effector for several biological processes relevant to HCPS pathogenesis, such as upregulation of tissue factor (TF), a primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, stimulating vascular permeability and leukocyte homing to sites of infection. As P2Y2R is prone to upregulation under conditions of inflammation, we compared the expression level of P2Y2R in formalin fixed tissues of HCPS decedents using a TaqMan assay and immunohistochemistry. Our TaqMan results show that the expression of P2Y2R is upregulated significantly in HCPS cases compared to non- HCPS controls (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed that lung macrophages were the primary reservoir of high and coincident localization of P2Y2R, uPA, PAI-1, and TF antigens. We also observed increased staining for SNV antigens in the same tissue segments where P2Y2R expression was upregulated. Conversely, sections of low P2Y2R expression showed weak manifestations of macrophages, SNV, PAI-1, and TF. Coincident localization of P2Y2R and PAI-1 on macrophage deposits suggests an inflammation-dependent mechanism of increasing pro-coagulant activity in HCPS in the absence of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bondu
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Casey Bitting
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Valerie L Poland
- Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joshua A Hanson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michelle S Harkins
- Division of Infectious Disease, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sarah Lathrop
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kurt B Nolte
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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A PKC-MARCKS-PI3K regulatory module links Ca2+ and PIP3 signals at the leading edge of polarized macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196678. [PMID: 29715315 PMCID: PMC5929533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte chemosensory pathway detects attractant gradients and directs cell migration to sites of inflammation, infection, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that local Ca2+ and PIP3 signals at the leading edge of polarized leukocytes play central roles in positive feedback loop essential to cell polarization and chemotaxis. These prior studies showed that stimulation of the leading edge Ca2+ signal can strongly activate PI3K, thereby triggering a larger PIP3 signal, but did not elucidate the mechanistic link between Ca2+ and PIP3 signaling. A hypothesis explaining this link emerged, postulating that Ca2+-activated PKC displaces the MARCKS protein from plasma membrane PIP2, thereby releasing sequestered PIP2 to serve as the target and substrate lipid of PI3K in PIP3 production. In vitro single molecule studies of the reconstituted pathway on lipid bilayers demonstrated the feasibility of this PKC-MARCKS-PI3K regulatory module linking Ca2+ and PIP3 signals in the reconstituted system. The present study tests the model predictions in live macrophages by quantifying the effects of: (a) two pathway activators—PDGF and ATP that stimulate chemoreceptors and Ca2+ influx, respectively; and (b) three pathway inhibitors—wortmannin, EGTA, and Go6976 that inhibit PI3K, Ca2+ influx, and PKC, respectively; on (c) four leading edge activity sensors—AKT-PH-mRFP, CKAR, MARCKSp-mRFP, and leading edge area that report on PIP3 density, PKC activity, MARCKS membrane binding, and leading edge expansion/contraction, respectively. The results provide additional evidence that PKC and PI3K are both essential elements of the leading edge positive feedback loop, and strongly support the existence of a PKC-MARCKS-PI3K regulatory module linking the leading edge Ca2+ and PIP3 signals. As predicted, activators stimulate leading edge PKC activity, displacement of MARCKS from the leading edge membrane and increased leading edge PIP3 levels, while inhibitors trigger the opposite effects. Comparison of the findings for the ameboid chemotaxis of leukocytes with recently published findings for the mesenchymal chemotaxis of fibroblasts suggests that some features of the emerging leukocyte leading edge core pathway (PLC-DAG-Ca2+-PKC-MARCKS-PIP2-PI3K-PIP3) may well be shared by all chemotaxing eukaryotic cells, while other elements of the leukocyte pathway may be specialized features of these highly optimized, professional gradient-seeking cells. More broadly, the findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the strong links between phospho-MARCKS and many human cancers.
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HMGB1 silencing in macrophages prevented their functional skewing and ameliorated EAM development: Nuclear HMGB1 may be a checkpoint molecule of macrophage reprogramming. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:277-284. [PMID: 29414662 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important inflammatory factor, plays significant roles in CD4+T cell differentiation, cancer and autoimmune disease development. Our previous data have demonstrated that HMGB1 contributes to macrophage reprogramming and is involved in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) development. In contrast to the well-explored function of HMGB1, little is known about the nuclear function. Whether HMGB1 can serve as an architectural factor and control functional skewing of macrophages remains unclear. Therefore, the present work was performed to address the above speculation. The adenovirus-mediated shRNA (Ad-shRNA) was employed to knock down HMGB1 in RAW264.7 and monocytes/macrophages of EAM mice. Our data showed that in vitro HMGB1 silencing limited functional skewing of macrophages and down-regulated inflammatory factors secretion, which can't be reversed by the exogenous HMGB1. In M1 polarization system, the phosphorylations of NF-κB, p38 and Erk1/2 were inhibited following HMGB1 silencing. In vivo, HMGB1 silencing could effectively ameliorate EAM development. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a checkpoint nuclear factor of macrophage reprogramming. Our findings also provide an exciting therapeutic method for inflammatory disorders.
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Dantzer R. Neuroimmune Interactions: From the Brain to the Immune System and Vice Versa. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:477-504. [PMID: 29351513 PMCID: PMC5866360 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied in isolation from each other. This has particularly been the case for the immune system. As a consequence of its ties with pathology and microbiology, immunology as a discipline has largely grown independently of physiology. Accordingly, it has taken a long time for immunologists to accept the concept that the immune system is not self-regulated but functions in close association with the nervous system. These associations are present at different levels of organization. At the local level, there is clear evidence for the production and use of immune factors by the central nervous system and for the production and use of neuroendocrine mediators by the immune system. Short-range interactions between immune cells and peripheral nerve endings innervating immune organs allow the immune system to recruit local neuronal elements for fine tuning of the immune response. Reciprocally, immune cells and mediators play a regulatory role in the nervous system and participate in the elimination and plasticity of synapses during development as well as in synaptic plasticity at adulthood. At the whole organism level, long-range interactions between immune cells and the central nervous system allow the immune system to engage the rest of the body in the fight against infection from pathogenic microorganisms and permit the nervous system to regulate immune functioning. Alterations in communication pathways between the immune system and the nervous system can account for many pathological conditions that were initially attributed to strict organ dysfunction. This applies in particular to psychiatric disorders and several immune-mediated diseases. This review will show how our understanding of this balance between long-range and short-range interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system has evolved over time, since the first demonstrations of immune influences on brain functions. The necessary complementarity of these two modes of communication will then be discussed. Finally, a few examples will illustrate how dysfunction in these communication pathways results in what was formerly considered in psychiatry and immunology to be strict organ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
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Myeloid P2Y2 receptor promotes acute inflammation but is dispensable for chronic high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Purinergic Signal 2017; 14:19-26. [PMID: 29086245 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2Y2 binds ATP to control chemotaxis of myeloid cells, and global P2Y2 receptor knockout mice are protected in models of acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages and other immune cells in adipose tissue contributes to the development of insulin resistance. Here, we investigate whether mice lacking P2Y2 receptors on myeloid cells are protected against acute and chronic inflammation. Wild-type mice were transplanted with either wild-type or P2Y2 receptor null bone marrow and treated with a sublethal dose of endotoxin as a model of acute inflammation, or fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and insulin resistance as a model of chronic inflammation. P2Y2-/- chimeric mice were protected against acute inflammation. However, high-fat diet feeding induced comparable inflammation and insulin resistance in both WT and P2Y2-/- chimeric mice. Of note, confocal microscopy revealed significantly fewer crown-like structures, assemblies of macrophages around adipocytes, in P2Y2-/- chimeric mice compared to WT chimeric mice. We conclude that P2Y2 receptors on myeloid cells are important in mediating acute inflammation but are dispensable for the development of whole body insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.
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Layhadi JA, Fountain SJ. P2X4 Receptor-Dependent Ca 2+ Influx in Model Human Monocytes and Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112261. [PMID: 29077063 PMCID: PMC5713231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages express a repertoire of cell surface P2 receptors for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP), which are capable of raising cytoplasmic calcium when activated. This is achieved either through direct permeation (ionotropic P2X receptors) or by mobilizing intracellular calcium stores (metabotropic P2Y receptors). Here, a side-by-side comparison to investigate the contribution of P2X4 receptor activation in ATP-evoked calcium responses in model human monocytes and macrophages was performed. The expression of P2X1, P2X4, P2X5 and P2X7 was confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry in both model monocyte and macrophage. ATP evoked a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular calcium in both THP-1 monocyte and macrophages. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thasigargin (Tg) responses to the maximal ATP concentration (100 μM) in THP-1 monocytes, and responses in macrophage were significantly attenuated. Tg-resistant ATP-evoked calcium responses in the model macrophage were dependent on extracellular calcium, suggesting a requirement for calcium influx. Ivermectin (IVM) potentiated the magnitude of Tg-resistant component and slowed the decay of response in the model macrophage. The Tg-resistant component was attenuated by P2X4 antagonists 5-BDBD and PSB-12062 but not by the P2X1 antagonist Ro0437626 or the P2X7 antagonist A438079. shRNA-mediated P2X4 knockdown resulted in a significant reduction in Tg-resistant ATP-evoked calcium response as well as reduced sensitivities towards P2X4-specific pharmacological tools, IVM and PSB-12062. Inhibition of endocytosis with dynasore significantly reduced the magnitude of Tg-resistant component but substantially slowed decay response. Inhibition of calcium-dependent exocytosis with vacuolin-1 had no effect on the Tg-resistant component. These pharmacological data suggest that P2X4 receptor activation contributed significantly towards the ionotropic calcium response evoked by ATP of the model human macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Layhadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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The Complement System Component C5a Produces Thermal Hyperalgesia via Macrophage-to-Nociceptor Signaling That Requires NGF and TRPV1. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5055-70. [PMID: 27147658 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3249-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The complement cascade is a principal component of innate immunity. Recent studies have underscored the importance of C5a and other components of the complement system in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In particular, it is unclear how the complement system communicates with nociceptors and which ion channels and receptors are involved. Here we demonstrate that inflammatory thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant was accompanied by C5a upregulation and was markedly reduced by C5a receptor (C5aR1) knock-out or treatment with the C5aR1 antagonist PMX53. Direct administration of C5a into the mouse hindpaw produced strong thermal hyperalgesia, an effect that was absent in TRPV1 knock-out mice, and was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810. Immunohistochemistry of mouse plantar skin showed prominent expression of C5aR1 in macrophages. Additionally, C5a evoked strong Ca(2+) mobilization in macrophages. Macrophage depletion in transgenic macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis mice abolished C5a-dependent thermal hyperalgesia. Examination of inflammatory mediators following C5a injection revealed a rapid upregulation of NGF, a mediator known to sensitize TRPV1. Preinjection of an NGF-neutralizing antibody or Trk inhibitor GNF-5837 prevented C5a-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Notably, NGF-induced thermal hyperalgesia was unaffected by macrophage depletion. Collectively, these results suggest that complement fragment C5a induces thermal hyperalgesia by triggering macrophage-dependent signaling that involves mobilization of NGF and NGF-dependent sensitization of TRPV1. Our findings highlight the importance of macrophage-to-neuron signaling in pain processing and identify C5a, NGF, and TRPV1 as key players in this cross-cellular communication. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides mechanistic insight into how the complement system, a key component of innate immunity, regulates the development of pain hypersensitivity. We demonstrate a crucial role of the C5a receptor, C5aR1, in the development of inflammatory thermal and mechanical sensitization. By focusing on the mechanisms of C5a-induced thermal hyperalgesia, we show that this process requires recruitment of macrophages and initiation of macrophage-to-nociceptor signaling. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that this signaling depends on NGF and is mediated by the heat-sensitive nociceptive channel TRPV1. This deeper understanding of how immune cells and neurons interact to regulate pain processing is expected to facilitate mechanism-based approaches in the development of new analgesics.
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Rangaraju S, Raza SA, Pennati A, Deng Q, Dammer EB, Duong D, Pennington MW, Tansey MG, Lah JJ, Betarbet R, Seyfried NT, Levey AI. A systems pharmacology-based approach to identify novel Kv1.3 channel-dependent mechanisms in microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2017. [PMID: 28651603 PMCID: PMC5485721 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kv1.3 potassium channels regulate microglial functions and are overexpressed in neuroinflammatory diseases. Kv1.3 blockade may selectively inhibit pro-inflammatory microglia in neurological diseases but the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulated by Kv1.3 channels are poorly defined. METHODS We performed immunoblotting and flow cytometry to confirm Kv1.3 channel upregulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia and in brain mononuclear phagocytes freshly isolated from LPS-treated mice. Quantitative proteomics was performed on BV2 microglia treated with control, LPS, ShK-223 (highly selective Kv1.3 blocker), and LPS+ShK-223. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of Kv1.3-dependent LPS-regulated proteins were performed, and the most representative proteins and GO terms were validated. Effects of Kv1.3-blockade on LPS-activated BV2 microglia were studied in migration, focal adhesion formation, reactive oxygen species production, and phagocytosis assays. In vivo validation of protein changes and predicted molecular pathways were performed in a model of systemic LPS-induced neuroinflammation, employing antigen presentation and T cell proliferation assays. Informed by pathway analyses of proteomic data, additional mechanistic experiments were performed to identify early Kv1.3-dependent signaling and transcriptional events. RESULTS LPS-upregulated cell surface Kv1.3 channels in BV2 microglia and in microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages isolated from LPS-treated mice. Of 144 proteins differentially regulated by LPS (of 3141 proteins), 21 proteins showed rectification by ShK-223. Enriched cellular processes included MHCI-mediated antigen presentation (TAP1, EHD1), cell motility, and focal adhesion formation. In vitro, ShK-223 decreased LPS-induced focal adhesion formation, reversed LPS-induced inhibition of migration, and inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of EHD1, a protein involved in MHCI trafficking. In vivo, intra-peritoneal ShK-223 inhibited LPS-induced MHCI expression by CD11b+CD45low microglia without affecting MHCI expression or trafficking of CD11b+CD45high macrophages. ShK-223 inhibited LPS-induced MHCI-restricted antigen presentation to ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Kv1.3 co-localized with the LPS receptor complex and regulated LPS-induced early serine (S727) STAT1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS We have unraveled novel molecular and functional roles for Kv1.3 channels in pro-inflammatory microglial activation, including a Kv1.3 channel-regulated pathway that facilitates MHCI expression and MHCI-dependent antigen presentation by microglia to CD8+ T cells. We also provide evidence for neuro-immunomodulation by systemically administered ShK peptides. Our results further strengthen the therapeutic candidacy of microglial Kv1.3 channels in neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrea Pennati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Malu G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ranjita Betarbet
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 525, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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