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İnal N, Kurumanastırlı B, Taşkınoğlu T, Duran AÇ, Togay A, Sarıgüzel FM, Kaşifoğlu N, Soylu M, Doğan Y, Us E, Sarıbaş Z, Kaklıkkaya N, Şener B. Retrospective evaluation of "Rods and Rings" pattern detected in the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359030. [PMID: 38911869 PMCID: PMC11190083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-rods and rings (anti-RR) antibodies have recently been described as a cytoplasmic pattern in IIF-based screening of autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells and ICAP has named it as AC-23. It is most frequently related to drug-induced antibody generation. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of AC-23 positivity and its relevance to the diagnosis and/or follow-up of the associated diseases and/or drug use. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted among 10 hospitals from six different provinces in Türkiye from January 2017 to December 2021. The laboratory data and clinical information of 600 patients with positive anti-RR antibodies out of 547.558 HEp-2 IIF ANA samples were analyzed. Results The distribution of AC-23 positive patients by year indicated a steady increase between 2017-2021. Anti-RR prevalence in post-COVID-19 period was significantly higher than that of pre-COVID-19 period (p=0.00). Concomitant ANA positivity was detected in 56.5% of patients, the most common patterns being AC-4 and AC-5 (41.1%). The most frequent pathology among the anti-RR positive patients was an autoimmune disease (19.83%); 28.57% of which had rheumatoid arthritis and 17.65% autoimmune liver disease. Among the 600 patients, 65 (10.83%) were diagnosed as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Available data for 38 of the HCV patients revealed that 71.05% of them had a history of interferon alfa+ribavirin and 28.95% of them had a history of NS3/4/5A/5B polymerase inhibitor or protease inhibitor drug use. Significant increase in the rate of anti-RR positivity was observed in the post-COVID-19 period when compared to pre-COVID-19 period (p:0.00). Discussion This is the first multicenter study in Türkiye about the clinical association of anti-RR antibodies which may be ignored during routine HEp-2 IIF testing. Pathologies other than HCV should be taken into consideration in terms of the possible role of anti-RR in autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. The preliminary data obtained in this study suggest that anti-RR antibody development might also be associated to COVID-19, supporting the several previous data related to the potential of viruses triggering the formation of autoantibodies. Large-scale prospective studies should elucidate the clinical significance of RR pattern and determine its role in patient diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe İnal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Berke Kurumanastırlı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tutku Taşkınoğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara Düzen Laboratories, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Alev Çetin Duran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Alper Togay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Sciences University İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Mutlu Sarıgüzel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Nilgün Kaşifoğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Soylu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yavuz Doğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Us
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Sarıbaş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Neşe Kaklıkkaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Burçin Şener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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Yin Y, Yu H, Wang X, Hu Q, Liu Z, Luo D, Yang X. Cytoophidia: a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:245. [PMID: 38300325 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide biosynthesis encompasses both de novo and salvage synthesis pathways, each characterized by significant material and procedural distinctions. Despite these differences, cells with elevated nucleotide demands exhibit a preference for the more intricate de novo synthesis pathway, intricately linked to modes of enzyme regulation. In this study, we primarily scrutinize the biological importance of a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism-cytoophidia. Cytoophidia, comprising cytidine triphosphate synthase or inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is explored across diverse biological models, including yeasts, Drosophila, mice, and human cancer cell lines. Additionally, we delineate potential biomedical applications of cytoophidia. As our understanding of cytoophidia deepens, the roles of enzyme compartmentalization and polymerization in various biochemical processes will unveil, promising profound impacts on both research and the treatment of metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaohao Hu
- The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
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He X, Cui J, Ma H, Abuduaini N, Huang Y, Tang L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu W, Feng B, Huang J. Berberrubine is a novel and selective IMPDH2 inhibitor that impairs the growth of colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115868. [PMID: 37871880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the de novo synthesis pathway of guanine nucleotides that is highly required for cancer cell outgrowth. Herein, we found that IMPDH isoform 2 (IMPDH2) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is correlated with poor patient prognosis. Via structure-based virtual screening, we identified berberrubine, a critical ingredient of the medical plant Coptis chinensis, as a novel, selective, and competitive inhibitor of IMPDH2, which demonstrated over 15-fold selectivity to IMPDH2 than IMPDH1. Besides, we also confirmed the interaction between berberrubine and IMPDH2. Of note, berberrubine treatment significantly impairs the growth of human CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, which can be rescued by supplementing with guanosine. Furthermore, oral administration of berberrubine remarkably reduced tumor volume and weight in a human cell line-derived xenograft model. Importantly, the anti-cancer activity of berberrubine was also confirmed by using the azoxymethane (AOM) / dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced spontaneous CRC mouse model. Taken together, our study highlights that berberrubine acts as a novel IMPDH2 inhibitor, suppressing the growth of CRC in vitro and in vivo, providing a fresh perspective for its potential application in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Naijipu Abuduaini
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Drug Inspection Technology, Guangdong Institute For Drug Control, 766 Shenzhou Road, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Meng J, Yang G, Li S, Luo Y, Bai Y, Deng C, Song N, Li M, Zeng X, Hu C. The clinical value of indirect immunofluorescence for screening anti-rods and rings antibodies: A retrospective study of two centers in China. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007257. [PMID: 36238277 PMCID: PMC9552219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the distribution and clinical significance of the rods and rings (RR) pattern in various diseases. Methods A total of 169,891 patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and 29,458 patients in Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital (IMPH) from January 2018 to December 2020 were included, and the results of ANA (antinuclear antibodies) and special antibodies were analyzed retrospectively. Results The positive rates of ANA and RR patterns were 34.84%, 0.16% in PUMCH, and 44.73%, 0.23% in IMPH. Anti-RR antibodies mainly appear in adults (≥ 41 years), mostly of low or medium fluorescence titers. Isolated RR patterns were mostly presented (60.30% and 69.12%, respectively), and the RR pattern mixed with the speckled pattern was most commonly observed among patients having two or more patterns. The RR pattern existed in a variety of diseases including hepatitis C, AIDs, pulmonary diseases, nephropathy diseases, and even healthy people. The highest prevalence of the RR pattern was observed in hepatic diseases, such as hepatic dysfunction (0.79%), hepatic cirrhosis (1.05%), PBC (0.85%), and AIH (0.65%), etc. The positive rate of specific antibodies in RR pattern cases was 31.25%, and anti-Ro52 (27, 20.61%) was the most common target antibody. Conclusion The RR pattern had a low prevalence in ANAs test samples and varied in different nationalities and regions. Except for hepatitis C, it could be observed in AIDs, pulmonary diseases, nephropathy, other hepatic diseases, and even healthy people, but the positive rate was slightly higher in hepatic diseases. Its mechanism of action and clinical relevance still need clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji’nan University), Jiangmen, China
| | - Yina Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chuiwen Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chaojun Hu, ; Xiaofeng Zeng,
| | - Chaojun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chaojun Hu, ; Xiaofeng Zeng,
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Autoimmunity in human CE: Correlative with the fertility status of the CE cyst. Helminthologia 2022; 59:1-17. [PMID: 35601761 PMCID: PMC9075880 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is speculated to exert several immune-evasion strategies involving autoimmune-phenomena. We evaluated the hypothesizes that the prevalence of autoantibodies increases in the sera of CE patients that may evidence the association between the parasite and autoimmune diseases. Sera from 63 subjects at distinct types of CE cyst fertility were investigated for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and anti-CCP antibodies. Plasma levels and cellular production of IL-17A cytokine were specifically defined as being assumed to prime for autoimmunity. Healthy-controls were age and gender-matched to test sera. ANA expressions inside the surgically removed metacestode and adventitial layer were also assayed. Out of 63 patients, 35 % had fertile highly viable cysts (group-1), 41 % had fertile low viable cysts (group-2) and 24 % had non-fertile cysts (group-3). A four-fold increase in ANA sera-levels was detected in group-1 compared with their controls (p-value 0.001) while anti-CCP levels were of insignificant differences. In group-2 and group-3, no significant differences were detected between ANA and anti-CCP sera-levels in CE patients and their controls. IL-17A sera-levels in group-1 and group- 2 were significantly higher than their healthy-controls while being of insignificant differences in group-3, p-value= 0.300. No association was detected between sera-levels of IL-17A and ANA as well as anti-CCP antibodies. Interestingly, relative IL-17A cellular expression associated positive ANA deposition in the parasite cells and adventitial layer. Collectively, based on the parasite fertility, IL-17A and ANA seemed to be involved in the host immune defenses against CE. There is no association between CE and anti-CCP antibodies.
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Ahangari N, Munoz DG, Coulombe J, Gray DA, Engle EC, Cheng L, Woulfe J. Nuclear IMPDH Filaments in Human Gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:944-954. [PMID: 34498062 PMCID: PMC8560559 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of nuclear morphology plays an important role in glioma diagnosis and grading. We previously described intranuclear rods (rods) labeled with the SDL.3D10 monoclonal antibody against class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) in human ependymomas. In a cohort of adult diffuse gliomas, we identified nuclear rods in 71.1% of IDH mutant lower-grade gliomas and 13.7% of IDH wild-type glioblastomas (GBMs). The presence of nuclear rods was associated with significantly longer postoperative survival in younger (≤65) GBM patients. Consistent with this, nuclear rods were mutually exclusive with Ki67 staining and their prevalence in cell nuclei inversely correlated with the Ki67 proliferation index. In addition, rod-containing nuclei showed a relative depletion of lamin B1, suggesting a possible association with senescence. To gain insight into their functional significance, we addressed their antigenic properties. Using a TUBB3-null mouse model, we demonstrate that the SDL.3D10 antibody does not bind TUBB3 in rods but recognizes an unknown antigen. In the present study, we show that rods show immunoreactivity for the nucleotide synthesizing enzymes inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and cytidine triphosphate synthetase. By analogy with the IMPDH filaments that have been described previously, we postulate that rods regulate the activity of nucleotide-synthesizing enzymes in the nucleus by sequestration, with important implications for glioma behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ahangari
- From the Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- From the Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josee Coulombe
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Gray
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Cheng
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Woulfe
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics and Neurosciences, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Properties of Uncommon Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining Patterns Determined during Antinuclear Antibody Detection on HEp-2 Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173866. [PMID: 34501315 PMCID: PMC8432039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of uncommon staining patterns found during testing for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and to determine their association with certain antibodies and clinical diagnoses. Presence of ANA and the staining pattern was determined in 10955 samples using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells. ANA-positive samples were assessed for presence of 14 specific antibody types using a microbead based system. Demographic data (age, sex) and clinical diagnoses were collected from the referral documentation. Particular staining patterns were then compared with a representative comparison group comprised of samples with common staining patterns using these criteria. There were 22 patterns present in less than 3% of samples each and these were jointly present in 42.43% of ANA-positive samples. Specific antibodies were found in proportions similar to the comparison group (46.06%) and varied significantly between patterns. Likewise, there were significant differences in antibody distribution in particular patterns. Some patterns were associated with presence of rheumatic diseases or inflammatory arthropathies, while in others there was a concurrent diagnosis of liver disease, or a neoplastic process. Many of the uncommon IIF patterns have distinctive characteristics that warrant further investigation in order to determine their role in diagnosing various diseases, not limited only to the illnesses of the rheumatic spectrum. IIF on HEp-2 cells remains an irreplaceable method because of the diversity of ANA, only a number of which can be detected using other standardised methods.
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Peker BO, Şener AG, Topal F, Sarıtaş Yüksel E. The relevance between anti-rods/rings antibody and different treatment regimens in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:171-177. [PMID: 33538354 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antibodies and other issues associated with immunity in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been widely investigated, especially non-organ-specific antinuclear antibodies. Rods-rings (RR) antibody patterns are frequently observed due to pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). We evaluated the relevance between anti-RR and PEG-IFN/RBV and/or direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens in chronic HCV. Sampling was done after achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) for 178 patients (aged >18 years). Patients were grouped according to treatment protocols (Group 1 [G1]: PEG-IFN/RBV [n = 53], Group 2 [G2]: PEG-IFN/RBV and Telaprevir or Boceprevir [n = 31], Group 3 [G3]: second- and third-wave DAA and previously received PEG-IFN/RBV (n = 38), and Group 4 [G4]: second- and third-wave DAA [n = 56]). Anti-RR was investigated by IIF (Euroimmun AG) test. Overall, 27 (15.16%) patients were anti-RR positive and received PEG-IFN/RBV. The numbers of anti-RR positivity for G1/2/3/4 (%) were 16/3/8/0 (30.2/9.6/21/0), respectively (p < .001). The anti-RR positivity rate for G1/2/3 was 22.13% (27/122, p = .088). Anti-RR was positive in 17.5% (11/63) of G1/2/3 patients who did not achieve SVR after the first treatment. This rate was 27.1% (16/59) in patients with SVR after the first treatment in G1/2 and there was no difference between these two classified groups in terms of antibody titers (p = .915). Anti-RR was detected up to 172 months after SVR. In summary, anti-RR was positive in high rates in patients receiving PEG-IFN/RBV therapy. Frequent monitoring is needed during patient follow-up to get more data on the relationship between anti-RR titer, treatment regimens, and SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Olcay Peker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training And Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gamze Şener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training And Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Topal
- Department of Gastroenterology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Sarıtaş Yüksel
- Department of Gastroenterology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
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Uncommon antinuclear antibody patterns as diagnostic indicators. Clin Biochem 2021; 90:28-33. [PMID: 33539810 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical significance of common antinuclear antibody (ANA) patterns, such as nuclear homogenous and nuclear speckled patterns with their corresponding specific antibodies, has already been established. However, the clinical relevance of these uncommon ANA patterns have not been well elucidated and these patterns are therefore not reported by most clinical laboratories. We herein report some retrospective data analysis linking patients' clinical status to several uncommon ANA patterns. METHODS We retrieved and assessed the patient records for ANA reports generated in our hospital over a period of two years. All testing had been performed using the gold standard Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay. RESULTS Records of 1235 consecutive patients tested for ANA were reviewed. ANA was positive in 330 of these patients with 6.39% found to have uncommon nuclear, cytoplasmic or mitotic sub-patterns. The mitotic spindle (0.89%), cytoplasmic anti-mitochondrial antibodies (0.80%), followed by discrete nuclear dots-multiple (0.72%) were the dominating patterns, with a higher prevalence in females than in males. Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were the two most common autoimmune disorders associated with mitotic spindle fibers and nuclear centromere and nuclear large/coarse speckled ANA patterns. CONCLUSION The prevalence of these relatively uncommon ANA patterns was higher than expected. Further evaluation of these patterns along with their corresponding antibodies and their clinical utility must be encouraged. We trust this endeavour will provide diagnostic information in autoimmune and other disease conditions.
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Calise SJ, Chan EKL. Anti-rods/rings autoantibody and IMPDH filaments: an update after fifteen years of discovery. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102643. [PMID: 32805424 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to unknown subcellular rod and ring-shaped structures were first discovered in sera from hepatitis C patients in 2005. Early studies showed a strong association between these anti-rods/rings antibodies (anti-RR) and the standard of care interferon-α plus ribavirin combination therapy (IFN/RBV), suggesting that anti-RR are drug-induced autoantibodies. In the context of hepatitis C, anti-RR have been linked with relapse from or lack of response to IFN/RBV in some patient cohorts. However, examples of anti-RR in other diseases and healthy individuals have also been reported over the years, although anti-RR remains a rare autoantibody response in general. The advent of new direct-acting antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C and studies of anti-RR from different parts of the world are also beginning to change the perception of anti-RR. The nucleotide biosynthetic enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) has been identified as the major autoantigen recognized by anti-RR. Coincidentally, the assembly of IMPDH into micron-scale rod and ring-shaped structures was discovered around the same time as anti-RR. Knowledge of the fundamental biological properties and cellular functions of these structures, referred to as "IMPDH filaments" by cell biologists, has advanced in parallel to anti-RR antibodies. Recent studies have revealed that IMPDH filament assembly is a mechanism to prevent feedback inhibition of IMPDH and is therefore important for the increased nucleotide production required in hyperproliferating cells, like activated T cells. Fifteen years later, we review the history and current knowledge in both the anti-RR autoantibody and IMPDH filament fields. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE: Anti-rods/rings are recognized as an example of a drug-induced autoantibody in hepatitis C patients treated with interferon and ribavirin, although new studies suggest anti-rods/rings may be detected in other contexts and may depend on unknown environmental or genetic factors in different populations. Recent data suggest that the assembly of IMPDH into rod and ring structures, the targets of anti-rods/rings autoantibody, is a mechanism for hyperproliferating cells, like activated T cells, to maintain increased guanine nucleotide levels to support rapid cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA.
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA.
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11
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Galaski J, Koop AC, Lütgehetmann M, Lohse AW, Weiler-Normann C. Autoantibodies to intracellular "rods and rings" structures in two patients with autoimmune hepatitis treated with azathioprine. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:362-365. [PMID: 32662301 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1793135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vitro, inhibition of the synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) by various drugs such as ribavirin, acyclovir, azathioprine, and mycophenolic acid leads to the formation of subcellular structures in cultured cells. Autoantibodies targeting these cellular structures can be detected as "rods and rings" (RR) patterns by immunofluorescence. In vivo, autoantibodies to RR have been almost exclusively associated with hepatitis C virus patients treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. However, longitudinal data for other patient groups are scarce. Here, we reviewed 276 sequential immunofluorescence results from 127 patients with autoimmune hepatitis for the presence of RR patterns. Of 102 patients exposed to drugs known to induce RR in vitro, two patients under long-term azathioprine therapy were positive for this pattern. This is the first report of anti-RR in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and in patients treated with azathioprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Galaski
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja C Koop
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Christina Weiler-Normann
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER).,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Keppeke GD, Barcelos D, Fernandes M, Comodo AN, Guimarães DP, Cardili L, Carapeto FCL, Andrade LEC, Landman G. IMP dehydrogenase rod/ring structures in acral melanomas. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:490-497. [PMID: 31883196 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with aggressive behavior. IMPDH enzyme, involved in de novo GTP biosynthesis, has been reported to assemble into large filamentary structures called rods/rings (RR) or cytoophidium (cellular snakes). RR assembly induces a hyperactive state in IMPDH, usually to supply a high demand for GTP nucleotides, such as in highly proliferative cells. We investigate whether aggressive melanoma tumor cells present IMPDH-based RR structures. Forty-five ALM paraffin-embedded tissue samples and 59 melanocytic nevi were probed with anti-IMPDH2 antibody. Both the rod- and ring-shaped RR could be observed, with higher frequency in ALM. ROC curve analyzing the proportions of RR-positive cells in ALM versus nevi yielded a 0.88 AUC. Using the cutoff of 5.5% RR-positive cells, there was a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85% for ALM diagnosis. In ALM, 36 (80%) showed RR frequency above the cutoff, being classified as RR-positive, compared with only 9 (15%) of the nevi (p < .001). Histopathology showed that 71% of the RR-positive specimens presented Breslow thickness > 4.0mm, compared with only 29% in the RR-low/negative (p = .039). We propose that screening for RR structures in biopsy specimens may be a valuable tool helping differentiate ALM from nevi and accessing tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson D Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Barcelos
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia N Comodo
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiane P Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cardili
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C L Carapeto
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilles Landman
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Yang YCS, Li ZL, Shih YJ, Bennett JA, Whang-Peng J, Lin HY, Davis PJ, Wang K. Herbal Medicines Attenuate PD-L1 Expression to Induce Anti-Proliferation in Obesity-Related Cancers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122979. [PMID: 31817534 PMCID: PMC6949899 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory hormones and cytokines (leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6) rise in obesity. Elevated levels of hormones and cytokines are linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays an important role in obesity and cancer proliferation. L-thyroxine (T4) and steroid hormones up-regulate PD-L1 accumulation and promote inflammation in cancer cells and diabetics. On the other hand, resveratrol and other herbal medicines suppress PD-L1 accumulation and reduce diabetic effects. In addition, they induce anti-cancer proliferation in various types of cancer cells via different mechanisms. In the current review, we discuss new findings and visions into the antagonizing effects of hormones on herbal medicine-induced anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen S.H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.); (K.W.)
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.); (K.W.)
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - James A. Bennett
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Jaqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.); (K.W.)
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wang-Fan Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.); (K.W.)
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wang-Fan Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12208, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.); (K.W.)
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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14
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Zhang L, Zhai J, Wang L, Huang Z, Hu J, Li L, Zhang J, Tang H, Yang M, Wu Y. The value of anti‐rods and rings antibodies in Western China population: A retrospective study. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12848. [PMID: 31713248 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jianzhao Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Honghu Tang
- Department of Rheumatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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15
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Calise SJ, Zheng B, Hasegawa T, Satoh M, Isailovic N, Ceribelli A, Andrade LEC, Boylan K, Cavazzana I, Fritzler MJ, de la Torre IG, Hiepe F, Kohl K, Selmi C, Shoenfeld Y, Tincani A, Chan EKL. Reference standards for the detection of anti-mitochondrial and anti-rods/rings autoantibodies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1789-1798. [PMID: 29478040 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are found in >90% of primary biliary cholangitis patients. Anti-rods/rings antibodies (anti-RR) are most commonly associated with interferon-α and ribavirin treatment in hepatitis C patients. Clinical laboratories routinely screen for AMA and anti-RR using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2-IFA). Therefore, we sought to establish reference materials for use in AMA and anti-RR testing.
Methods:
AMA-positive and anti-RR-positive human plasma samples (AMA-REF and RR-REF), identified as potential reference materials based on preliminary data, were further validated by multiple laboratories using HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitation (IP), western blotting, IP-western, line immunoassay (LIA), addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:
AMA-REF showed a strong positive cytoplasmic reticular/AMA staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to ≥1:1280 dilution and positive signal on rodent kidney/stomach/liver tissue. AMA-REF reacted with E2/E3, E3BP, E1α and E1β subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by IP and western blotting and was positive for AMA antigens by LIA, ALBIA and ELISA. RR-REF showed a strong positive rods and rings staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to ≥1:1280 dilution. RR-REF reacted with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase by IP, IP-western and ALBIA. RR-REF also produced a nuclear homogenous staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitated proteins associated with anti-U1RNP antibody and reacted weakly with histones, nucleosomes, Sm and nRNP/Sm by LIA.
Conclusions:
AMA-REF and RR-REF are useful reference materials for academic or commercial clinical laboratories to calibrate and establish internal reference standards for immunodiagnostic assays. AMA-REF and RR-REF are now available for free distribution to qualified laboratories through Plasma Services Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katherine Boylan
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Plasma Services Group, Inc., Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente and University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn Kohl
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Plasma Services Group, Inc., Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Angela Tincani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Dhaouadi T, Abdellatif J, Jallouli M, Mejdoubi M, Sfar I, Mouelhi L, Aouini S, Ben Abdallah T, Gorgi Y. Association of Autoantibody to Rods and Rings with Hepatitis C Outcome and Viral Load. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:214-220. [PMID: 31081724 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current availability of more potent drugs, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still treated with a combination of IFN-α and ribavirin in many countries. Interferon/ribavirin therapy can induce the appearance of autoantibodies to Rods and Rings (anti-RR), which have been associated to a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-RR antibodies before and after ribavirin therapy and to look for a possible association with HCV infection outcome. In this context, anti-RR antibodies were detected by IFI on HEp-2 cells in 142 patients under ribavirin therapy (G1: 74 patients with a positive posttreatment HCV-PCR and G2: 68 patients with a negative posttreatment HCV-PCR, matched in age and gender), 84 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) under mycophenolate and 158 controls (30 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 37 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 91 healthy blood donors). No patient had anti-RR antibody before IFN-α/ribavirin therapy, while 27 (19%) developed the anti-RR pattern under treatment. The anti-RR antibody was absent in all KTRs and the 158 controls. The frequency of anti-RR antibody was significantly higher in G1 (27; 36.48%) than in G2 (0), p < 0.001. Moreover, and in G1, anti-RR antibody was more frequent in nonresponders (NR) patients (23, 56.1%) than in relapsers (REL) (4, 12.1%); p < 0.001, OR [95%CI] = 9.26 [2.75-31.18]. Moreover, anti-RR antibody titer was significantly higher in NR patients (3,200 [1,600-6,400]) comparatively to REL patients (800 [500-1,400]), p = 0.002. Likewise, log of viral load postribavirin therapy was significantly higher in anti-RR positive patients (6.24 ± 0.64) than in anti-RR negative (4.69 ± 1.06), p < 0.001. Based on these findings, ribavirin-induced anti-RR autoantibody seems to be associated with a more frequent nonresponse to IFN-α/ribavirin therapy with a significant higher HCV viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Dhaouadi
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Abdellatif
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Jallouli
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Mejdoubi
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sfar
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Mouelhi
- 2 Department of Gastro-Entero-Hepatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Aouini
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taïeb Ben Abdallah
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,3 Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Gorgi
- 1 Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Feldrihan V, Benea A, Junie ML. Long-term antiviral hepatitis C treatment associated with Rods and Ring Cytoplasmic antibodies. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:87-90. [PMID: 30957093 PMCID: PMC6448485 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Clinical description of a patient diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, which associated a rare anti-cytoplasmic pattern, known as “Rods and Ring”. Method Clinical case report. Results A 76-year old female patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection under treatment for several months with pegylated Interferon-Ribavirin (started eight months ago) presented for clinical and biological evaluation of the therapeutic response. Conclusion This is the first reported clinical case of a patient with cytoplasmic filamentous rods and rings autoantibodies associated with chronic hepatis C from the Clinical Hospital IRGH Prof. Dr. O. Fodor Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The presence of these antibodies appears to be triggered by antiviral therapy. Although these are newly identified antibodies, they could be used as serological markers for detecting patients at risk of developing associated autoimmune pathologies or nonresponders to the antiviral therapy. Likewise, their detection could identify patients with occult hepatitis C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Feldrihan
- Functional Biosciences, Immunology and Allergy Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Benea
- Immunology Laboratory of Prof. Dr. O. Fodor Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Lia Junie
- Molecular Sciences, Microbiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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18
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Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, Conrad K, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia de la Torre I, Herold M, Klotz W, Cruvinel WDM, Mimori T, von Muhlen C, Satoh M, Chan EK. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:879-889. [PMID: 30862649 PMCID: PMC6585284 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) on HEp-2 cells is widely used for detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The dichotomous outcome, negative or positive, is integrated in diagnostic and classification criteria for several systemic autoimmune diseases. However, the HEp-2 IIFA test has much more to offer: besides the titre or fluorescence intensity, it also provides fluorescence pattern(s). The latter include the nucleus and the cytoplasm of interphase cells as well as patterns associated with mitotic cells. The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) initiative has previously reached consensus on the nomenclature and definitions of HEp-2 IIFA patterns. In the current paper, the ICAP consensus is presented on the clinical relevance of the 29 distinct HEp-2 IIFA patterns. This clinical relevance is primarily defined within the context of the suspected disease and includes recommendations for follow-up testing. The discussion includes how this information may benefit the clinicians in daily practice and how the knowledge can be used to further improve diagnostic and classification criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Immunology, Medical Faculty TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Manfred Herold
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Department of General Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Edward K Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Keppeke GD, Calise SJ, Chan EKL, Andrade LEC. Ribavirin induces widespread accumulation of IMP dehydrogenase into rods/rings structures in multiple major mouse organs. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:130-135. [PMID: 30605724 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) is a guanosine analogue triazole most commonly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Although its mechanism of action is a matter of debate, several possibilities have been proposed, including depletion of guanine nucleotides through inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). IMPDH has been shown to assemble into micron-scale rod- and ring-shaped structures (rods/rings or RR), also called "IMPDH filaments," both in vitro and in vivo. Formation of RR structures can occur naturally, potentially to influence IMPDH activity, or when de novo guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis or IMPDH itself are inhibited by nutrient deprivation or drugs like RBV. Numerous studies have also reported the occurrence of autoantibodies targeting RR structures (anti-RR) in HCV patients previously treated or under treatment with interferon-α and ribavirin (IFN/RBV) combination therapy. For this brief study, we considered the strong association between RR autoantibodies and IFN/RBV treatment, and the lack of data assessing how RBV affects RR formation in a variety of tissues in vivo. First, RR structures formed in the spleen and pancreas of normal mice without any treatment. Then, in RBV-treated mice, we detected RR structures in a number of tissues, including stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, skin, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. We made several intriguing observations: predominance of RR structures in the mucosa and submucosa layers of the stomach wall; a high proportion of RR-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that RBV actually crosses the blood-brain barrier; and a higher ratio of rings to rods in the epidermis compared to the dermis layer of the skin. Screening for RR structures appears to be a useful method to track tissue penetration of RBV and the many RR-inducing drugs previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Luis Eduardo C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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20
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Calise SJ, Abboud G, Kasahara H, Morel L, Chan EKL. Immune Response-Dependent Assembly of IMP Dehydrogenase Filaments. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2789. [PMID: 30555474 PMCID: PMC6283036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the conversion of IMP to xanthosine monophosphate, the rate-limiting step in de novo guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis. In cultured cells, IMPDH polymerizes into micron-scale filamentous structures when GMP synthesis is inhibited by depletion of purine precursors or by various drugs, including mycophenolic acid, ribavirin, and methotrexate. IMPDH filaments also spontaneously form in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hinting they might function in various highly proliferative cell types. Therefore, we investigated IMPDH filament formation in human and murine T cells, which rely heavily on de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis to rapidly proliferate in response to antigenic challenge. We discovered extensive in vivo IMPDH filament formation in mature T cells, B cells, and other proliferating splenocytes of normal, adult B6 mice. Both cortical and medullary thymocytes in young and old mice also showed considerable assembly of IMPDH filaments. We then stimulated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo with T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), or antibodies to CD3 and CD28 for 72 h. We detected IMPDH filaments in 40–60% of T cells after activation compared to 0–10% of unstimulated T cells. Staining of activated T cells for the proliferation marker Ki-67 also showed an association between IMPDH filament formation and proliferation. Additionally, we transferred ovalbumin-specific CD4+ T cells from B6.OT-II mice into B6.Ly5a recipient mice, challenged these mice with ovalbumin, and harvested spleens 6 days later. In these spleens, we identified abundant IMPDH filaments in transferred T cells by immunofluorescence, indicating that IMPDH also polymerizes during in vivo antigen-specific T cell activation. Overall, our data indicate that IMPDH filament formation is a novel aspect of T cell activation and proliferation, and that filaments might be useful morphological markers for T cell activation. The data also suggest that in vivo IMPDH filament formation could be occurring in a variety of proliferating cell types throughout the body. We propose that T cell activation will be a valuable model for future experiments probing the molecular mechanisms that drive IMPDH polymerization, as well as how IMPDH filament formation affects cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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21
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Schiavon CR, Griffin ME, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman R, Zhou W, Jinnah HA, Reines D, Kahn RA. Compositional complexity of rods and rings. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2303-2316. [PMID: 30024290 PMCID: PMC6249804 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rods and rings (RRs) are large linear- or circular-shaped structures typically described as polymers of IMPDH (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase). They have been observed across a wide variety of cell types and species and can be induced to form by inhibitors of IMPDH. RRs are thought to play a role in the regulation of de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis; however, the function and regulation of RRs is poorly understood. Here we show that the regulatory GTPase, ARL2, a subset of its binding partners, and several resident proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also localize to RRs. We also have identified two new inducers of RR formation: AICAR and glucose deprivation. We demonstrate that RRs can be disassembled if guanine nucleotides can be generated by salvage synthesis regardless of the inducer. Finally, we show that there is an ordered addition of components as RRs mature, with IMPDH first forming aggregates, followed by ARL2, and only later calnexin, a marker of the ER. These findings suggest that RRs are considerably more complex than previously thought and that the function(s) of RRs may include involvement of a regulatory GTPase, its effectors, and potentially contacts with intracellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R Schiavon
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA 30307
| | - Maxwell E Griffin
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA 30307
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- EuroBioImaging Facility, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raman Parashuraman
- EuroBioImaging Facility, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Daniel Reines
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Richard A Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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22
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Ibáñez-Samaniego L, Salcedo M, Vaquero J, Bañares R. De novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation: A focus on glutathione S-transferase theta 1. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:75-85. [PMID: 27712026 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
De novo autoimmune hepatitis (DAIH) is a rare clinical condition with features that resemble those of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for nonautoimmune liver disease. The diagnosis of this entity has been based on the presence of biochemical and histological patterns similar to those observed in the primary AIH, although several considerations must be taken into account. The impact of DAIH on graft survival is relevant, and early diagnosis and treatment is associated with a good longterm outcome. Although glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) alloimmune recognition has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of DAIH, further studies are necessary to fully determine its pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors. We review the pathophysiology, the most common histological patterns, the treatment strategies, and the longterm outcomes of DAIH after LT with a special focus on GSTT1. Liver Transplantation 23:75-85 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ibáñez-Samaniego
- Digestive Disease Department and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Salcedo
- Digestive Disease Department and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Digestive Disease Department and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Digestive Disease Department and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Anti-rods/rings autoantibody seropositivity does not affect response to telaprevir treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2016; 7:15. [PMID: 27844412 PMCID: PMC5108729 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-016-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoantibodies to intracellular 'rods and rings' structures (anti-rods/rings or anti-RR) are strongly associated with hepatitis C (HCV) patients treated with interferon-α/ribavirin (IFN/RBV) and are linked with non-responsiveness to IFN/RBV or relapse, especially in Italian patients. This is the first study to determine whether there is any correlation of anti-RR with non-responsiveness to IFN/RBV treatment in patients also treated with telaprevir (TPV), one of several new therapies for chronic HCV recently implemented. METHODS From 2013 to 2014, 52 HCV-infected patients were treated with IFN/RBV and TPV at five Italian clinics. Patient sera were collected and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of anti-RR antibodies. Patients were classified as anti-RR positive or anti-RR negative, and then various biological and clinical variables were analyzed to compare the two groups, including gender, age, HCV genotype, previous IFN/RBV treatment, and IFN/RBV/TPV treatment outcome. RESULTS Of these 52 HCV patients treated with IFN/RBV/TPV, 10/32 (31%) who previously received IFN/RBV were anti-RR positive, compared to 0 of 20 treatment-naïve patients. Anti-RR-positive patients relapsed more than anti-RR-negative patients (3/10, 30% vs. 2/42, 5%; p < 0.05). However, zero anti-RR-positive patients were non-responsive, and frequencies of sustained virological response were similar (anti-RR positive: 7/10, 70% vs. anti-RR negative: 33/42, 79%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data suggest that anti-RR seropositivity is not associated with resistance to TPV treatment in this patient cohort, but monitoring anti-RR-positive patients for relapse within the first 6 months after treatment may be useful.
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Noble JW, Hunter DV, Roskelley CD, Chan EKL, Mills J. Loukoumasomes Are Distinct Subcellular Structures from Rods and Rings and Are Structurally Associated with MAP2 and the Nuclear Envelope in Retinal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165162. [PMID: 27798680 PMCID: PMC5087950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
“Rods and rings” (RR) and loukoumasomes are similarly shaped, subcellular macromolecular structures with as yet unknown function. RR, so named because of their shape, are formed in response to inhibition in the GTP or CTP synthetic pathways and are highly enriched in the two key enzymes of the nucleotide synthetic pathway. Loukoumasomes also occur as linear and toroidal bodies and were initially inferred to be the same as RR, largely due to their shared shape and size and the fact that it was unclear if they shared the same subcomponents. In human retinoblastoma tissue and cells we have observed toroidal, perinuclear, macromolecular structures of similar size and antigenicity to those previously reported in neurons (neuronal-loukoumasomes). To further characterize the subcomponents of the retinal-loukoumasomes, confocal analysis following immunocytochemical staining for alpha-tubulin, beta-III tubulin and detyrosinated tubulin was performed. These studies indicate that retinal-loukoumasomes are enriched for beta-III tubulin and other tubulins associated with microtubules. Immunofluorescence together with the in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), confirmed that beta-III tubulin colocalized with detyrosinated tubulin within loukoumasomes. Our results indicate that these tissues contain only loukoumasomes because these macromolecular structures are immunoreactive with an anti-tubulin antibody but are not recognized by the prototype anti-RR/inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) antibody (It2006). To further compare the RR and retinal-loukoumasomes, retinoblastoma cells were exposed to the IMPDH-inhibitor ribavirin, a drug known to induce the formation of RR. In contrast to RR, the production of retinal-loukoumasomes was unaffected. Coimmunostaining of Y79 cells for beta-III tubulin and IMPDH indicate that these cells, when treated with ribavirin, can contain both retinal-loukoumasomes and RR and that these structures are antigenically distinct. Subcellular fractionation studies indicate that ribavirin increased the RR subcomponent, IMPDH, in the nuclear fraction of Y79 cells from 21.3 ± 5.8% (0 mM ribavirin) to 122.8 ± 7.9% (1 mM ribavirin) while the subcellular localization of the retinal-loukoumasome subcomponent tubulin went unaltered. Further characterization of retinal-loukoumasomes in retinoblastoma cells reveals that they are intimately associated with lamin folds within the nuclear envelope. Using immunofluorescence and the in situ PLA in this cell type, we have observed colocalization of beta-III tubulin with MAP2. As MAP2 is a microtubule-associated protein implicated in microtubule crosslinking, this supports a role for microtubule crosslinkers in the formation of retinal-loukoumasomes. Together, these results suggest that loukoumasomes and RR are distinct subcellular macromolecular structures, formed by different cellular processes and that there are other loukoumasome-like structures within retinal tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W. Noble
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diana V. Hunter
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin D. Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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Keppeke GD, Prado MS, Nunes E, Perazzio SF, Rodrigues SH, Ferraz MLG, Chan EKL, Andrade LEC. Differential capacity of therapeutic drugs to induce Rods/Rings structures in vitro and in vivo and generation of anti-Rods/Rings autoantibodies. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:149-156. [PMID: 27746381 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some HCV patients using ribavirin and interferon alpha (IFN-α) develop anti-rods and rings (RR) autoantibodies, the main target of which is inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-determining enzyme in de novo GTP biosynthesis. In vitro inhibition of IMPDH by ribavirin induces RR formation. Here we investigate whether other commonly used drugs that interfere with GTP biosynthesis can induce RR structures in vitro and vivo and elicit generation of autoantibodies. HEp-2 cells treated for 24h with ribavirin, mycophenolic acid (MPA), azathioprine, methotrexate or acyclovir were positive for RR structures. However, adefovir, entecavir, tenofovir and lamivudine did not induce RR structures in these cells. Structures induced by ribavirin in HEp-2 cells are stable after 24h drug-washout, while structures induced by other drugs are relatively labile, disappearing within 2h. Looking at patients treated with these drugs, HCV patients treated with ribavirin (n=17) showed higher average percentage of RR-positive peripheral mononuclear cells than autoimmune patients treated with RR-inducing immunosuppressant drugs (n=21). Serum from 173 autoimmune patients who had been treated with MPA, azathioprine or methotrexate was tested for presence of anti-RR autoantibodies, and only one sample was found to be positive. Conversely, of 48 anti-RR autoantibody positive samples identified at Fleury Laboratories over 30months, 94% were from HCV patients treated with ribavirin plus IFN-α. These data indicate that RR structures can be induced by a variety of drugs in vitro and in vivo, but anti-RR autoantibody production is mostly restricted to HCV patients under ribavirin+IFN-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Monica Simon Prado
- Rheumatology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Eunice Nunes
- Gastroenterology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Sandro Felix Perazzio
- Rheumatology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil; Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Sao Paulo SP 04102-050, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil; Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, Sao Paulo SP 04102-050, Brazil.
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Liu JL. The Cytoophidium and Its Kind: Filamentation and Compartmentation of Metabolic Enzymes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:349-372. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Long Liu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China;
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27
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Calise SJ, Purich DL, Nguyen T, Saleem DA, Krueger C, Yin JD, Chan EKL. 'Rod and ring' formation from IMP dehydrogenase is regulated through the one-carbon metabolic pathway. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3042-52. [PMID: 27343244 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
'Rods and rings' (RRs) are conserved, non-membrane-bound intracellular polymeric structures composed, in part, of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme leading to GMP and GTP biosynthesis. RR formation is induced by IMPDH inhibitors as well as glutamine deprivation. They also form upon treatment of cells with glutamine synthetase inhibitors. We now report that depriving cells of serine and glycine promotes RR formation, and we have traced these effects to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2), pivotal enzymes in one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. RR assembly is likewise induced upon DHFR inhibition by methotrexate or aminopterin as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHFR or SHMT2. Because RR assembly occurs when guanine nucleotide biosynthesis is inhibited, and because RRs rapidly disassemble after the addition of guanine nucleotide precursors, RR formation might be an adaptive homeostatic mechanism, allowing IMPDH to sense changes in the one-carbon folate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Daniel L Purich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Dania A Saleem
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Claire Krueger
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Joyce D Yin
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
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Conrad K, Andrade LEC, Chan EKL, Mahler M, Meroni PL, Pruijn GJM, Steiner G, Shoenfeld Y. From autoantibody research to standardized diagnostic assays in the management of human diseases – report of the 12th Dresden Symposium on Autoantibodies. Lupus 2016; 25:787-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316644337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Testing for autoantibodies (AABs) is becoming more and more relevant, not only for diagnosing autoimmune diseases (AIDs) but also for the differentiation of defined AID subtypes with different clinical manifestations, course and prognosis as well as the very early diagnosis for adequate management in the context of personalized medicine. A major challenge to improve diagnostic accuracy is to harmonize or even standardize AAB analyses. This review presents the results of the 12th Dresden Symposium on Autoantibodies that focused on several aspects of improving autoimmune diagnostics. Topics that are addressed include the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) and the International Autoantibody Standardization (IAS) initiatives, the optimization of diagnostic algorithms, the description and evaluation of novel disease-specific AABs as well as the development and introduction of novel assays into routine diagnostics. This review also highlights important developments of recent years, most notably the improvement in diagnosing and predicting the course of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and of autoimmune neurological, gastrointestinal and liver diseases; the potential diagnostic role of anti-DFS70 antibodies and tumor-associated AABs. Furthermore, some hot topics in autoimmunity regarding disease pathogenesis and management are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - L E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Mahler
- INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P L Meroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Laboratory of Immunorheumatology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - G J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Steiner
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty in Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Abstract
Determining the mechanisms of enzymatic regulation is central to the study of cellular metabolism. Regulation of enzyme activity via polymerization-mediated strategies has been shown to be widespread, and plays a vital role in mediating cellular homeostasis. In this review, we begin with an overview of the filamentation of CTP synthase, which forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia. We then highlight other important examples of the phenomenon. Moreover, we discuss recent data relating to the regulation of enzyme activity by compartmentalization into cytoophidia. Finally, we hypothesize potential roles for enzyme filament formation in the regulation of metabolism, development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel N Aughey
- a MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- a MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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30
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Keppeke GD, Calise SJ, Chan EKL, Andrade LEC. Anti-rods/rings autoantibody generation in hepatitis C patients during interferon-α/ribavirin therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1966-1974. [PMID: 26877604 PMCID: PMC4726672 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to disabling liver diseases with progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent availability of more effective and less toxic therapeutic options, in most parts of the world the standard treatment consists of a weekly injection of pegylated interferon α (IFN-α) together with a daily dose of ribavirin. HCV patients frequently present circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies demonstrating a variety of staining patterns in the indirect immunofluorescence assay for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Between 20% to 40% of HCV patients treated with IFN-α and ribavirin develop autoantibodies showing a peculiar ANA pattern characterized as rods and rings (RR) structures. The aim of this article is to review the recent reports regarding RR structures and anti-rods/rings (anti-RR) autoantibody production by HCV patients after IFN-α/ribavirin treatment. Anti-RR autoantibodies first appear around the sixth month of treatment and reach a plateau around the twelfth month. After treatment completion, anti-RR titers decrease/disappear in half the patients and remain steady in the other half. Some studies have observed a higher frequency of anti-RR antibodies in relapsers, i.e., patients in which circulating virus reappears after initially successful therapy. The main target of anti-RR autoantibodies in HCV patients is inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the guanosine triphosphate biosynthesis pathway. Ribavirin is a direct IMPDH2 inhibitor and is able to induce the formation of RR structures in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these observations led to the hypothesis that anti-RR autoantibody production is a human model of immunologic tolerance breakdown that allows us to explore the humoral autoimmune response from the beginning of the putative triggering event: exposure to ribavirin and interferon.
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Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Carballo OG, Conrad K, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia-De La Torre I, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, von Mühlen CA, Andrade LEC. Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. Front Immunol 2015; 6:412. [PMID: 26347739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 12th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on August 28, 2014, a full day session was devoted to establishing a consensus on the nomenclature of staining patterns observed in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence test on HEp-2 cells. The current report summarizes the collective agreements with input from the host Brazilian and international communities that represented research, clinical, and diagnostic service laboratories. Patterns are categorized in three major groups (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic patterns) and each pattern has been defined and described in detail. The consensus nomenclature and representative patterns are made available online at the international consensus on antinuclear antibody pattern (ICAP) website (www.ANApatterns.org). To facilitate continuous improvement and input, specific comments on ICAP are encouraged and these will be discussed in subsequent ICAP meetings. The ultimate goal with the establishment of the ICAP is to promote harmonization and understanding of autoantibody test nomenclature, as well as interpretation guidelines for ANA testing, thereby optimizing usage in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | | | | | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Mexico
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | | | - Luis E C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil ; Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories , São Paulo , Brazil
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Chan EKL, Damoiseaux J, Carballo OG, Conrad K, de Melo Cruvinel W, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia-De La Torre I, Herold M, Mimori T, Satoh M, von Mühlen CA, Andrade LEC. Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014-2015. Front Immunol 2015; 6:412. [PMID: 26347739 PMCID: PMC4542633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 12th International Workshop on Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on August 28, 2014, a full day session was devoted to establishing a consensus on the nomenclature of staining patterns observed in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence test on HEp-2 cells. The current report summarizes the collective agreements with input from the host Brazilian and international communities that represented research, clinical, and diagnostic service laboratories. Patterns are categorized in three major groups (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic patterns) and each pattern has been defined and described in detail. The consensus nomenclature and representative patterns are made available online at the international consensus on antinuclear antibody pattern (ICAP) website (www.ANApatterns.org). To facilitate continuous improvement and input, specific comments on ICAP are encouraged and these will be discussed in subsequent ICAP meetings. The ultimate goal with the establishment of the ICAP is to promote harmonization and understanding of autoantibody test nomenclature, as well as interpretation guidelines for ANA testing, thereby optimizing usage in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital General de Occidente, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Luis E. C. Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
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