1
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Nies JF, Krusche M. [Fever in rheumatological diseases]. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:341-353. [PMID: 38634905 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-024-01505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fever is a frequent and important symptom in patients with rheumatological diseases and can be an expression of activity of the underlying rheumatological disease. There is great variability in the incidence of fever as a symptom of the disease between individual diseases. The growing understanding of the molecular signatures of the diseases can help to explain these discrepancies: A genetic overactivation of potently pyrogenic cytokines is the reason why fever is nearly always present in autoinflammatory syndromes. In contrast, fever is less common in polyarthritis and myositis and mostly limited to severe courses of disease. In the diagnostic work-up of fever, frequent differential diagnoses, such as infections, malignancies, side effects of drugs and hypersensitivity reactions should be considered. This article provides an overview of the physiology of the development of fever, describes the relevance of fever in individual rheumatological diseases and proposes a workflow for the clinical clarification of rheumatological patients who present with fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper F Nies
- Klinik II für Innere Medizin: Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Diabetologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Uniklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Martin Krusche
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik für Nephrologie, Rheumatologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland
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2
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Severa M, Etna MP, Andreano E, Ricci D, Cairo G, Fiore S, Canitano A, Cara A, Stefanelli P, Rappuoli R, Palamara AT, Coccia EM. Functional diversification of innate and inflammatory immune responses mediated by antibody fragment crystallizable activities against SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2024; 27:109703. [PMID: 38706870 PMCID: PMC11068556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein have been exploited for the treatment of severe COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the immune-regulatory features of two neutralizing anti-S mAbs (nAbs), named J08 and F05, with wild-type (WT) conformation or silenced Fc functions. In the presence of D614G SARS-CoV-2, WT nAbs enhance intracellular viral uptake in immune cells and amplify antiviral type I Interferon and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production without viral replication, promoting the differentiation of CD16+ inflammatory monocytes and innate/adaptive PD-L1+ and PD-L1+CD80+ plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. In spite of a reduced neutralizing property, WT J08 nAb still promotes the IL-6 production and differentiation of CD16+ monocytes once binding Omicron BA.1 variant. Fc-mediated regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses, in the absence of viral replication, highlighted in this study, might positively tune immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and be exploited also in mAb-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Paola Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Cairo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Biotecnopolo di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Dishaw LJ, Litman GW, Liberti A. Tethering of soluble immune effectors to mucin and chitin reflects a convergent and dynamic role in gut immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230078. [PMID: 38497268 PMCID: PMC10945408 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system employs soluble effectors to shape luminal spaces. Antibodies are soluble molecules that effect immunological responses, including neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and complement activation. These molecules are comprised of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The N-terminal Ig domains recognize antigen, and the C-terminal domains facilitate their elimination through phagocytosis (opsonization). A less-recognized function mediated by the C-terminal Ig domains of the IgG class of antibodies (Fc region) involves the formation of multiple low-affinity bonds with the mucus matrix. This association anchors the antibody molecule to the matrix to entrap potential pathogens. Even though invertebrates are not known to have antibodies, protochordates have a class of secreted molecules containing Ig domains that can bind bacteria and potentially serve a similar purpose. The VCBPs (V region-containing chitin-binding proteins) possess a C-terminal chitin-binding domain that helps tether them to chitin-rich mucus gels, mimicking the IgG-mediated Fc trapping of microbes in mucus. The broad functional similarity of these structurally divergent, Ig-containing, secreted effectors makes a case for a unique form of convergent evolution within chordates. This opinion essay highlights emerging evidence that divergent secreted immune effectors with Ig-like domains evolved to manage immune recognition at mucosal surfaces in strikingly similar ways. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Dishaw
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - G. W. Litman
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - A. Liberti
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
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4
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wu S, Lv X, Wei H, Wu J, Liu S, Li X, Song J, Zou C, Ai Y. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq unravels the molecular feature of M2 macrophages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18083. [PMID: 38393307 PMCID: PMC10902578 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The connection between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and M2 tumour-associated macrophages is not yet fully understood. We gathered gene expression profiles and clinical data from HNSC patients in the TCGA database. Using Consensus Clustering, we categorized these patients into M2 macrophage-related clusters. We developed a M2 macrophage-related signature (MRS) through statistical analyses. Additionally, we assessed gene expression in HNSC cells using single-cell sequencing data (GSE139324). We identified three distinct M2 macrophage-related clusters in HNSC, each with different prognostic outcomes and immune characteristics. Patients with different MRS profiles exhibited variations in immune infiltration, genetic mutations and prognosis. FCGR2A may play a role in creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and could potentially serve as a therapeutic target for HNSC. Our study demonstrated that M2 macrophage-related genes significantly impact the development and progression of HNSC. The M2 macrophage-related model offered a more comprehensive assessment of HNSC patient prognosis, genetic mutations and immune features. FCGR2A was implicated in immunosuppressive microenvironments and may hold promise for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wu
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haigang Wei
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Song
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilong Ai
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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da Silveira BP, Barhoumi R, Bray JM, Cole-Pfeiffer HM, Mabry CJ, Burghardt RC, Cohen ND, Bordin AI. Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and FcγRIII on Rhodococcus equi phagocytosis and intracellular survival in macrophages. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0038323. [PMID: 38018994 PMCID: PMC10790823 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00383-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence-associated protein A (VapA) produced by virulent Rhodococcus equi allows it to replicate in macrophages and cause pneumonia in foals. It is unknown how VapA interacts with mammalian cell receptors, but intracellular replication of avirulent R. equi lacking vapA can be restored by supplementation with recombinant VapA (rVapA). Our objectives were to determine whether the absence of the surface receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), complement receptor 3 (CR3), or Fc gamma receptor III (FcγRIII) impacts R. equi phagocytosis and intracellular replication in macrophages, and whether rVapA restoration of virulence in R. equi is dependent upon these receptors. Wild-type (WT) murine macrophages with TLR2, CR3, or FcγRIII blocked or knocked out (KO) were infected with virulent or avirulent R. equi, with or without rVapA supplementation. Quantitative bacterial culture and immunofluorescence imaging were performed. Phagocytosis of R. equi was not affected by blockade or KO of TLR2 or CR3. Intracellular replication of virulent R. equi was not affected by TLR2, CR3, or FcγRIII blockade or KO; however, avirulent R. equi replicated in TLR2-/- and CR3-/- macrophages but not in WT and FcγRIII-/-. rVapA supplementation did not affect avirulent R. equi phagocytosis but promoted intracellular replication in WT and all KO cells. By demonstrating that TLR2 and CR3 limit replication of avirulent but not virulent R. equi and that VapA-mediated virulence is independent of TLR2, CR3, or FcγRIII, our study provides novel insights into the role of these specific surface receptors in determining the entry and intracellular fate of R. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Petri da Silveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jocelyne M. Bray
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah M. Cole-Pfeiffer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cory J. Mabry
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C. Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angela I. Bordin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
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7
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Salabarria SM, Corti M, Coleman KE, Wichman MB, Berthy JA, D’Souza P, Tifft CJ, Herzog RW, Elder ME, Shoemaker LR, Leon-Astudillo C, Tavakkoli F, Kirn DH, Schwartz JD, Byrne BJ. Thrombotic microangiopathy following systemic AAV administration is dependent on anti-capsid antibodies. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173510. [PMID: 37988172 PMCID: PMC10760971 DOI: 10.1172/jci173510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSystemic administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) can trigger life-threatening inflammatory responses, including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), acute kidney injury due to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome-like complement activation, immune-mediated myocardial inflammation, and hepatic toxicity.METHODSWe describe the kinetics of immune activation following systemic AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) administration in 38 individuals following 2 distinct prophylactic immunomodulation regimens. Group 1 received corticosteroids and Group 2 received rituximab plus sirolimus in addition to steroids to prevent anti-AAV antibody formation.RESULTSGroup 1 participants had a rapid increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG. Increase in D-dimer, decline in platelet count, and complement activation are indicative of TMA. All Group 1 participants demonstrated activation of both classical and alternative complement pathways, as indicated by depleted C4 and elevated soluble C5b-9, Ba, and Bb antigens. Group 2 patients did not have a significant change in IgM or IgG and had minimal complement activation.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that TMA in the setting of AAV gene therapy is antibody dependent (classical pathway) and amplified by the alternative complement pathway. Critical time points and interventions are identified to allow for management of immune-mediated events that impact the safety and efficacy of systemic gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan B. Wichman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julie A. Berthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Precilla D’Souza
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Melissa E. Elder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - David H. Kirn
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | | | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Kamali AN, Bautista JM, Eisenhut M, Hamedifar H. Immune checkpoints and cancer immunotherapies: insights into newly potential receptors and ligands. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355231192043. [PMID: 37662491 PMCID: PMC10469281 DOI: 10.1177/25151355231192043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint markers and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been increasingly identified and developed as potential immunotherapeutic targets in various human cancers. Despite valuable efforts to discover novel immune checkpoints and their ligands, the precise roles of their therapeutic functions, as well as the broad identification of their counterpart receptors, remain to be addressed. In this context, it has been suggested that various putative checkpoint receptors can be induced upon activation. In the tumor microenvironment, T cells, as crucial immune response against malignant diseases as well as other immune central effector cells, such as natural killer cells, are regulated via co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals from immune or tumor cells. Studies have shown that exposure of T cells to tumor antigens upregulates the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, leading to T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Although targeting immune checkpoint regulators has shown relative clinical efficacy in some tumor types, most trials in the field of cancer immunotherapies have revealed unsatisfactory results due to de novo or adaptive resistance in cancer patients. To overcome these obstacles, combinational therapies with newly discovered inhibitory molecules or combined blockage of several checkpoints provide a rationale for further research. Moreover, precise identification of their receptors counterparts at crucial checkpoints is likely to promise effective therapies. In this review, we examine the prospects for the application of newly emerging checkpoints, such as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, lymphocyte activation gene-3, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), new B7 family proteins, and B- and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator, in association with immunotherapy of malignancies. In addition, their clinical and biological significance is discussed, including their expression in various human cancers, along with their roles in T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N. Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Simin Dasht Industrial Area, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz 3165933155, Iran
| | - José M. Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
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9
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Yao CY, Hu ZS, Yuan RL, Jin J, Chen ZX. CD32 Expression by CD4 + T and CD8 + T Lymphocytes Is Increased in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:351-359. [PMID: 37289774 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
FcγR is expressed by many immune cells and plays an important role in the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CD32 belongs to the FcγR family. This study aimed to observe changes in CD32 expression by CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes in chronic HBV infection patients and evaluate the clinical utility of CD4+ T and CD8+ T CD32 expression to assess the severity of liver injury in chronic HBV-infected patients. A total of 68 chronic HBV patients and 40 healthy individuals were recruited, and the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD32 expression on CD4+ T, CD8+ T lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry and the CD4+ T, CD8+ T CD32 index was calculated. The reactivity of the healthy individual lymphocytes to mixed patients' plasma containing HBV was observed. Finally, the correlation between CD4+ T, CD8+ T lymphocytes CD32 MFI and liver function indicator levels was analyzed. The CD4+ T, CD8+ T CD32 MFI and index were significantly elevated in HBV patient groups than in normal control group (p < 0.001, for all). Furthermore, the CD32 MFI of healthy persons' CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes were remarkably increased when stimulated with mixed patients' plasma containing high HBV copies (p < 0.001; P < 0.001). More importantly, in HBV patients, there was a significant positive correlation between CD4+ T, CD8+ T CD32 MFI and the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the increased expression of CD32 on CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes might be potential promising biomarkers for the severity of liver function impairment in chronic HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Suo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Run-Lin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Xu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Sîrbe C, Badii M, Crişan TO, Bența G, Grama A, Joosten LAB, Rednic S, Pop TL. Detection of Novel Biomarkers in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis by Proteomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087479. [PMID: 37108648 PMCID: PMC10141667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury resulting in the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis. Pediatric (AIH) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires immunosuppression for an extended period. Frequent relapses after treatment discontinuation demonstrate that current therapies do not control intrahepatic immune processes. This study describes targeted proteomic profiling data in patients with AIH and controls. A total of 92 inflammatory and 92 cardiometabolic plasma markers were assessed for (i) pediatric AIH versus controls, (ii) AIH type 1 versus type 2, (iii) AIH and AIH-autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis overlapping syndrome and (iv) correlations with circulating vitamin D levels in AIH. A total of 16 proteins showed a nominally significant differential abundance in pediatric patients with AIH compared to controls. No clustering of AIH subphenotypes based on all protein data was observed, and no significant correlation of vitamin D levels was observed for the identified proteins. The proteins that showed variable expression include CA1, CA3, GAS6, FCGR2A, 4E-BP1 and CCL19, which may serve as potential biomarkers for patients with AIH. CX3CL1, CXCL10, CCL23, CSF1 and CCL19 showed homology to one another and may be coexpressed in AIH. CXCL10 seems to be the central intermediary link for the listed proteins. These proteins were involved in relevant mechanistic pathways for liver diseases and immune processes in AIH pathogenesis. This is the first report on the proteomic profile of pediatric AIH. The identified markers could potentially lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Nevertheless, considering the complex pathogenesis of AIH, more extensive studies are warranted to replicate and validate the present study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sîrbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Bența
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Rednic
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Rheumatology Discipline, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Bao MY, Li M, Bu QR, Yang Y, Song H, Wang CZ, Wang TM, Li N. The effect of herbal medicine in innate immunity to Candida albicans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096383. [PMID: 37483621 PMCID: PMC10359817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that often causes mucosal and systemic infections. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), have been implicated in the host recognition of C. albicans. These PRRs recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of C. albicans to activate innate immune cells, thereby rapidly inducing various inflammatory responses by activating intracellular signaling cascades. Herbal medicine and its active components deserve priority development due to their low toxicity and high antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. This review discussed the activities of herbal compounds against C. albicans and their related mechanisms, especially their regulatory role on innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) implicated in C. albicans infections. Our work aims to find new therapeutic drugs and targets to prevent and treat diseases caused by C. albicans infection with the mechanisms by which this fungus interacts with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Ru Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Fu T, Zhang L, Zuo M, Li F, Shi C, Chen H. FCGR2A as one novel potential target for poor survival prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33324. [PMID: 36930102 PMCID: PMC10019103 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma. Immunoglobulin FcγRIIa receptor (FCGR2A) has been implicated in various cancers, however, its role on ccRCC is not well studied. A total of 151 patients with ccRCC were recruited for the study. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard radios of FCGR2A expression and tumor characteristics. Pathological changes associated with ccRCC in tumor tissue sections were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression of FCGR2A in the tissue sections. Correlation between the expression of FCGR2A and the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients was analyzed by biological process neural network and support vector machine. The expression of FCGR2A was significantly correlated with the TNM of tumor, family history of ccRCC and Fuhrman stage of ccRCC. Patients with high FCGR2A expression in the tumor tissue, had poorer OS than the patients with low and moderate FCGR2A expression. The Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that FCGR2A can be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of ccRCC. Western blotting revealed that the FCGR2A was expressed at higher levels in the ccRCC tissues. Biological process neural network and support vector machine fitting showed that the R2 between FCGR2A and survival time of ccRCC patients was 0.8429 and 0.7669, respectively. FCGR2A is highly expressed in ccRCC, higher expression of FCGR2A is associated with poorer OS of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Fu
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Meini Zuo
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changjin Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongrun Chen
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
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14
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Ng T, Malavet VF, Mansoor MA, Arvelo AC, Dhume K, Prokop E, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM. Intermediate Levels of Pre-Existing Protective Antibody Allow Priming of Protective T Cell Immunity against Influenza. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:628-639. [PMID: 36645384 PMCID: PMC9998374 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming interfering impacts of pre-existing immunity to generate universally protective influenza A virus (IAV)-specific T cell immunity through vaccination is a high priority. In this study, we passively transfer varied amounts of H1N1-IAV-specific immune serum before H1N1-IAV infection to determine how different levels of pre-existing Ab influence the generation and protective potential of heterosubtypic T cell responses in a murine model. Surprisingly, IAV nucleoprotein-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are readily detected in infected recipients of IAV-specific immune serum regardless of the amount transferred. When compared with responses in control groups and recipients of low and intermediate levels of convalescent serum, nucleoprotein-specific T cell responses in recipients of high levels of IAV-specific serum, which prevent overt weight loss and reduce peak viral titers in the lungs, are, however, markedly reduced. Although detectable at priming, this response recalls poorly and is unable to mediate protection against a lethal heterotypic (H3N2) virus challenge at later memory time points. A similar failure to generate protective heterosubtypic T cell immunity during IAV priming is seen in offspring of IAV-primed mothers that naturally receive high titers of IAV-specific Ab through maternal transfer. Our findings support that priming of protective heterosubtypic T cell responses can occur in the presence of intermediate levels of pre-existing Ab. These results have high relevance to vaccine approaches aiming to incorporate and evaluate cellular and humoral immunity towards IAV and other viral pathogens against which T cells can protect against variants escaping Ab-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Ng
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Valeria Flores Malavet
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Mishfak A.M. Mansoor
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C. Arvelo
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Kunal Dhume
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Emily Prokop
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - K. Kai McKinstry
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Tara M. Strutt
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
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15
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Margetuximab and trastuzumab deruxtecan: New generation of anti-HER2 immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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miRNA-Based Early Healing Mechanism of Extraction Sockets: miR-190a-5p, a Potential Enhancer of Bone Healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7194640. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7194640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Tooth extraction causes a wound with hard and soft tissue defects in the alveolar ridge. Few studies have reported the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the healing of extraction sockets. This study used bioinformatics analysis to reveal the possible relevance and role of miRNAs during the early stages following tooth extraction. Materials and Methods. Socket tissues from beagle dogs (Canis familiaris; two males and two females) were collected 1 and 12 hours after extraction of premolars on both sides of the mandible. miRNA expression was profiled through miRNA sequencing, and hub miRNAs showing characteristic expression patterns were selected and subjected to target enrichment analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to verify the effect of hub miRNA on osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration in vivo. Results. Five miRNAs were identified to have consistently high expression levels, with cfa-miR-451 showing the highest expression. Additionally, 20 hub miRNAs were selected as candidates expected to play an important role in the healing process. Pathways, such as the MAPK, axon guidance, TGF-β, and Wnt signaling, were significantly enriched. Among hub miRNAs, miR-190a-5p increased ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers and increased new bone formation in vivo. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may be involved in the earliest stages of socket healing after tooth extraction and can play an important role in moderating the entire socket healing mechanism in the extraction socket.
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17
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Ascoli C, Schott CA, Huang Y, Turturice BA, Wang W, Ecanow N, Sweiss NJ, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Altered transcription factor targeting is associated with differential peripheral blood mononuclear cell proportions in sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848759. [PMID: 36311769 PMCID: PMC9608777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn sarcoidosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anergy have been associated with increased inflammation and maladaptive immune activity, likely promoting development of chronic and progressive disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to reduced lymphocyte proportions, particularly CD4+ T-cells, have not been fully elucidated. We posit that paradoxical peripheral lymphopenia is characterized by a dysregulated transcriptomic network associated with cell function and fate that results from altered transcription factor targeting activity.MethodsMessenger RNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ACCESS study subjects with sarcoidosis and matched controls and findings validated on a sarcoidosis case-control cohort and a sarcoidosis case series. Preserved PBMC transcriptomic networks between case-control cohorts were assessed to establish cellular associations with gene modules and define regulatory targeting involved in sarcoidosis immune dysregulation utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential transcription factor involvement analysis. Network centrality measures identified master transcriptional regulators of subnetworks related to cell proliferation and death. Predictive models of differential PBMC proportions constructed from ACCESS target gene expression corroborated the relationship between aberrant transcription factor regulatory activity and imputed and clinical PBMC populations in the validation cohorts.ResultsWe identified two unique and preserved gene modules significantly associated with sarcoidosis immune dysregulation. Strikingly, increased expression of a monocyte-driven, and not a lymphocyte-driven, gene module related to innate immunity and cell death was the best predictor of peripheral CD4+ T-cell proportions. Within the gene network of this monocyte-driven module, TLE3 and CBX8 were determined to be master regulators of the cell death subnetwork. A core gene signature of differentially over-expressed target genes of TLE3 and CBX8 involved in cellular communication and immune response regulation accurately predicted imputed and clinical monocyte expansion and CD4+ T-cell depletion.ConclusionsAltered transcriptional regulation associated with aberrant gene expression of a monocyte-driven transcriptional network likely influences lymphocyte function and survival. Although further investigation is warranted, this indicates that crosstalk between hyperactive monocytes and lymphocytes may instigate peripheral lymphopenia and underlie sarcoidosis immune dysregulation and pathogenesis. Future therapies selectively targeting master regulators, or their targets, may mitigate dysregulated immune processes in sarcoidosis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cody A. Schott
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Wangfei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Engineering and Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Naomi Ecanow
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nadera J. Sweiss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David L. Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia W. Finn,
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18
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Ankerhold J, Giese S, Kolb P, Maul-Pavicic A, Voll RE, Göppert N, Ciminski K, Kreutz C, Lother A, Salzer U, Bildl W, Welsink T, Morgenthaler NG, Grawitz AB, Emmerich F, Steinmann D, Huzly D, Schwemmle M, Hengel H, Falcone V. Circulating multimeric immune complexes contribute to immunopathology in COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5654. [PMID: 36163132 PMCID: PMC9513013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies characterizes patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Although a robust IgG response is considered to be protective, excessive triggering of activating Fc-gamma-receptors (FcγRs) could be detrimental and cause immunopathology. Here, we document excessive FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation in patients developing severe or critical COVID-19 but not in those with mild disease. We identify two independent ligands mediating extreme FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation. Soluble circulating IgG immune complexes (sICs) are detected in about 80% of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 at levels comparable to active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease. FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation is further enhanced by afucosylation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG. Utilizing cell-based reporter systems we provide evidence that sICs can be formed prior to a specific humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest a cycle of immunopathology driven by an early formation of sICs in predisposed patients. These findings suggest a reason for the seemingly paradoxical findings of high antiviral IgG responses and systemic immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19. The involvement of circulating sICs in the promotion of immunopathology in predisposed patients opens new possibilities for intervention strategies to mitigate critical COVID-19 progression. During viral infections high levels of antibodies can form soluble immune complexes (sICs) with antigen and trigger Fcγ receptors (FcγR) leading to increased immunopathology. Here the authors measure FcγRs activation by sICs and consider how these may lead to excessive immunopathology during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Maul-Pavicic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Göppert
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Welsink
- InVivo BioTech Services GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Busse Grawitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Steinmann
- Occupational Medical Service, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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19
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Lewis JH, Khaldoyanidi SK, Britten CD, Wei AH, Subklewe M. Clinical Significance of Transient Asymptomatic Elevations in Aminotransferase (TAEAT) in Oncology. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:352-365. [PMID: 35848749 PMCID: PMC9311471 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring for liver injury remains an important aspect of drug safety assessment, including for oncotherapeutics. When present, drug-induced liver injury may limit the use or result in the discontinuation of these agents. Drug-induced liver injury can exhibit with a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical manifestations, ranging from transient asymptomatic elevations in aminotransferases (TAEAT) to acute liver failure. Numerous oncotherapeutics have been associated with TAEAT, with published reports indicating a phenomenon in which patients may be asymptomatic without overt liver injury despite the presence of grade ≥3 aminotransferase elevations. In this review, we discuss the occurrence of TAEAT in the context of oncology clinical trials and clinical practice, as well as the clinical relevance of this phenomenon as an adverse event in response to oncotherapeutics and the related cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie its occurrence. We also identify several gaps in knowledge relevant to the diagnosis and the management of TAEAT in patients receiving oncotherapeutics, and identify areas warranting further study to enable the future development of consensus guidelines to support clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew H. Wei
- The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Subklewe
- University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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de Brito CB, Ascenção FR, Arifa RDN, Lima RL, Menezes Garcia Z, Fagundes M, Resende BG, Bezerra RO, Queiroz-Junior CM, Dos Santos ACPM, Oliveira MAP, Teixeira MM, Fagundes CT, Souza DG. FcᵧRIIb protects from reperfusion injury by controlling antibody and type I IFN-mediated tissue injury and death. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:428-442. [PMID: 35831251 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is accompanied by an exacerbated inflammatory response characterized by deposition of IgG, release of inflammatory mediators, and intense neutrophil influx in the small intestine, resulting in severe tissue injury and death. We hypothesized that FcᵧRIIb activation by deposited IgG could inhibit tissue damage during I/R. Our results showed that I/R induction led to the deposition of IgG in intestinal tissue during the reperfusion phase. Death upon I/R occurred earlier and was more frequent in FcᵧRIIb-/- than WT mice. The higher lethality rate was associated with greater tissue injury and bacterial translocation to other organs. FcᵧRIIb-/- mice presented changes in the amount and repertoire of circulating IgG, leading to increased IgG deposition in intestinal tissue upon reperfusion in these mice. Depletion of intestinal microbiota prevented antibody deposition and tissue damage in FcᵧRIIb-/- mice submitted to I/R. We also observed increased production of ROS on neutrophils harvested from the intestines of FcᵧRIIb-/- mice submitted to I/R. In contrast, FcᵧRIII-/- mice presented reduced tissue damage and neutrophil influx after reperfusion injury, a phenotype reversed by FcᵧRIIb blockade. In addition, we observed reduced IFN-β expression in the intestines of FcᵧRIII-/- mice after I/R, a phenotype that was also reverted by blocking FcᵧRIIb. IFNAR-/- mice submitted to I/R presented reduced lethality and TNF release. Altogether our results demonstrate that antibody deposition triggers FcᵧRIIb to control IFN-β and IFNAR activation and subsequent TNF release, tailoring tissue damage, and death induced by reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bernardo de Brito
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Roque Ascenção
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Duque Nascimento Arifa
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes Garcia
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Micheli Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Brenda Gonçalves Resende
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Bezerra
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara Paiva Menezes Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milton A P Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio Tavares Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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21
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Mata-Molanes JJ, Rebollo-Liceaga J, Martínez-Navarro EM, Manzano RG, Brugarolas A, Juan M, Sureda M. Relevance of Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms in Cancer Therapy With Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926289. [PMID: 35814459 PMCID: PMC9263556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are an important breakthrough for the treatment of cancer and have dramatically changed clinical outcomes in a wide variety of tumours. However, clinical response varies among patients receiving mAb-based treatment, so it is necessary to search for predictive biomarkers of response to identify the patients who will derive the greatest therapeutic benefit. The interaction of mAbs with Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) expressed by innate immune cells is essential for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and this binding is often critical for their in vivo efficacy. FcγRIIa (H131R) and FcγRIIIa (V158F) polymorphisms have been reported to correlate with response to therapeutic mAbs. These polymorphisms play a major role in the affinity of mAb receptors and, therefore, can exert a profound impact on antitumor response in these therapies. Furthermore, recent reports have revealed potential mechanisms of ICIs to modulate myeloid subset composition within the tumour microenvironment through FcγR-binding, optimizing their anti-tumour activity. The purpose of this review is to highlight the clinical contribution of FcγR polymorphisms to predict response to mAbs in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Mata-Molanes
- Oncology Platform, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan J. Mata-Molanes,
| | | | | | | | | | - Manel Juan
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sureda
- Oncology Platform, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Maheshwari D, Saini K, Singh P, Singla M, Nayak K, Aggarwal C, Chawla YM, Bajpai P, Kaur M, Gunisetty S, Eberhardt CS, Nyodu R, Moore K, Suthar MS, Medigeshi GR, Anderson E, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Ahmed R, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K. Contrasting behavior between the three human monocyte subsets in dengue pathophysiology. iScience 2022; 25:104384. [PMID: 35620424 PMCID: PMC9127603 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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23
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Banda NK, Deane KD, Bemis EA, Strickland C, Seifert J, Jordan K, Goldman K, Morgan BP, Moreland LW, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Holers VM. Analysis of Complement Gene Expression, Clinical Associations, and Biodistribution of Complement Proteins in the Synovium of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Reveals Unique Pathophysiologic Features. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2482-2496. [PMID: 35500934 PMCID: PMC9133225 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and inflammation. The finding of autoantibodies in seropositive RA suggests that complement system activation might play a pathophysiologic role due to the local presence of immune complexes in the joints. Our first objective was to explore the Pathobiology of Early Arthritis Cohort (PEAC) mRNA sequencing data for correlations between clinical disease severity as measured by DAS28-ESR (disease activity score in 28 joints for erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and complement system gene expression, both in the synovium and in blood. Our second objective was to determine the biodistribution using multiplex immunohistochemical staining of specific complement activation proteins and inhibitors from subjects in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) RA/SLE study. In the PEAC study, there were significant positive correlations between specific complement gene mRNA expression levels in the synovium and DAS28-ESR for the following complement genes: C2, FCN1, FCN3, CFB, CFP, C3AR1, C5AR1, and CR1 Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between DAS28-ESR and Colec12, C5, C6, MASP-1, CFH, and MCP In the synovium there were also significant positive correlations between DAS28-ESR and FcγR1A, FcγR1B, FcγR2A, and FcγR3A Notably, CFHR4 synovial expression was positively correlated following treatment with the DAS28-ESR at 6 mo, suggesting a role in worse therapeutic responses. The inverse correlation of C5 RNA expression in the synovium may underlie the failure of significant benefit from C5/C5aR inhibitors in clinical trials performed in patients with RA. Multiplex immunohistochemical analyses of early RA synovium reveal significant evidence of regional alterations of activation and inhibitory factors that likely promote local complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth A Bemis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Colin Strickland
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kimberly Jordan
- Human Immune Monitoring Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katriona Goldman
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, and UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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24
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IgG targeting distinct seasonal coronavirus- conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike subdomains correlates with differential COVID-19 disease outcomes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110904. [PMID: 35617962 PMCID: PMC9108089 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite SARS-CoV-2 being a "novel" virus, early detection of anti-spike IgG in severe COVID-19 patients may be caused by the amplification of humoral memory responses against seasonal coronaviruses. Here, we examine this phenomenon by characterizing anti-spike IgG responses in non-hospitalized convalescent individuals across a spectrum of COVID-19 severity. We observe that disease severity positively correlates with anti-spike IgG levels, IgG cross-reactivity against other betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs), and FcγR activation. Analysis of IgG targeting β-CoV-conserved and non-conserved immunodominant epitopes within the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein revealed epitope-specific relationships: IgG targeting the conserved heptad repeat (HR) 2 region significantly correlates with milder disease, while targeting the conserved S2'FP region correlates with more severe disease. Furthermore, a lower HR2-to-S2'FP IgG-binding ratio correlates with greater disease severity, with ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing the lowest HR2/S2'FP ratios. These findings suggest that HR2/S2'FP IgG profiles may predict disease severity and offer insight into protective versus deleterious humoral recall responses.
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25
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Delidakis G, Kim JE, George K, Georgiou G. Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:249-274. [PMID: 35363537 PMCID: PMC9648538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include (a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; (b) modulation of inflammation; (c) antigen presentation; (d) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and (e) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Katia George
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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26
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Fernández-Pato A, Virseda-Berdices A, Resino S, Ryan P, Martínez-González O, Peréz-García F, Martin-Vicente M, Valle-Millares D, Brochado-Kith O, Blancas R, Martínez A, Ceballos FC, Bartolome-Sánchez S, Vidal-Alcántara EJ, Alonso D, Blanca-López N, Martinez-Acitores IR, Martin-Pedraza L, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Fernández-Rodríguez A. Plasma miRNA profile at COVID-19 onset predicts severity status and mortality. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:676-688. [PMID: 35130828 PMCID: PMC8890551 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2038021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in regulating immune response against infectious diseases, showing changes early in disease onset and before the detection of the pathogen. Thus, we aimed to analyze the plasma miRNA profile at COVID-19 onset to identify miRNAs as early prognostic biomarkers of severity and survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma miRNome of 96 COVID-19 patients that developed asymptomatic/mild, moderate and severe disease was sequenced together with a group of healthy controls. Plasma immune-related biomarkers were also assessed. COVID-19 patients showed 200 significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs concerning healthy controls, with upregulated putative targets of SARS-CoV-2, and inflammatory miRNAs. Among COVID-19 patients, 75 SDE miRNAs were observed in asymptomatic/mild compared to symptomatic patients, which were involved in platelet aggregation and cytokine pathways, among others. Moreover, 137 SDE miRNAs were identified between severe and moderate patients, where miRNAs targeting the SARS CoV-2 genome were the most strongly disrupted. Finally, we constructed a mortality predictive risk score (miRNA-MRS) with ten miRNAs. Patients with higher values had a higher risk of 90-days mortality (hazard ratio=4.60; p-value<0.001). Besides, the discriminant power of miRNA-MRS was significantly higher than the observed for age and gender (AUROC=0.970 vs. 0.881; p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection deeply disturbs the plasma miRNome from an early stage of COVID-19, making miRNAs highly valuable as early predictors of severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Fernández-Pato
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Virseda-Berdices
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Peréz-García
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María Martin-Vicente
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Valle-Millares
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Brochado-Kith
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blancas
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Aranjuez, Spain
| | - Amalia Martínez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco C Ceballos
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Bartolome-Sánchez
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erick Joan Vidal-Alcántara
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Alonso
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Martin-Pedraza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology CNM, Health Institute Carlos III ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Potential Application of Exosomes in Vaccine Development and Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2635-2671. [PMID: 35028802 PMCID: PMC8757927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived components composed of proteins, lipid, genetic information, cytokines, and growth factors. They play a vital role in immune modulation, cell-cell communication, and response to inflammation. Immune modulation has downstream effects on the regeneration of damaged tissue, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells, and promoting the tumor microenvironment via growth factors, antigens, and signaling molecules. On top of carrying biological messengers like mRNAs, miRNAs, fragmented DNA, disease antigens, and proteins, exosomes modulate internal cell environments that promote downstream cell signaling pathways to facilitate different disease progression and induce anti-tumoral effects. In this review, we have summarized how vaccines modulate our immune response in the context of cancer and infectious diseases and the potential of exosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies show that exosomes play a decisive role in processes like angiogenesis, prognosis, tumor growth metastasis, stromal cell activation, intercellular communication, maintaining cellular and systematic homeostasis, and antigen-specific T- and B cell responses. This critical review summarizes the advancement of exosome based vaccine development and delivery, and this comprehensive review can be used as a valuable reference for the broader delivery science community.
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28
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Musolino A, Gradishar WJ, Rugo HS, Nordstrom JL, Rock EP, Arnaldez F, Pegram MD. Role of Fcγ receptors in HER2-targeted breast cancer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003171. [PMID: 34992090 PMCID: PMC8739678 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and CD20, mediate fragment crystallizable gamma receptor (FcγR)–dependent activities as part of their mechanism of action. These activities include induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), which are innate immune mechanisms of cancer cell elimination. FcγRs are distinguished by their affinity for the Fc fragment, cell distribution, and type of immune response they induce. Activating FcγRIIIa (CD16A) on natural killer cells plays a crucial role in mediating ADCC, and activating FcγRIIa (CD32A) and FcγRIIIa on macrophages are important for mediating ADCP. Polymorphisms in FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIa generate variants that bind to the Fc portion of antibodies with different affinities. This results in differential FcγR-mediated activities associated with differential therapeutic outcomes across multiple clinical settings, from early stage to metastatic disease, in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with the anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab. Trastuzumab has, nonetheless, revolutionized HER2+ breast cancer treatment, and several HER2-directed mAbs have been developed using Fc glyco-engineering or Fc protein-engineering to enhance FcγR-mediated functions. An example of an approved anti-HER2 Fc-engineered chimeric mAb is margetuximab, which targets the same epitope as trastuzumab, but features five amino acid substitutions in the IgG 1 Fc domain that were deliberately introduced to increase binding to activating FcγRIIIa and decrease binding to inhibitory FcγRIIb (CD32B). Margetuximab enhances Fc-dependent ADCC in vitro more potently than the combination of pertuzumab (another approved mAb directed against an alternate HER2 epitope) and trastuzumab. Margetuximab administration also enhances HER2-specific B cell and T cell–mediated responses ex vivo in samples from patients treated with prior lines of HER2 antibody-based therapies. Stemming from these observations, a worthwhile future goal in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer is to promote combinatorial approaches that better eradicate HER2+ cancer cells via enhanced immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - William J Gradishar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Oncology and Clinical Trials Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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29
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Kedage V, Ellerman D, Fei M, Liang WC, Zhang G, Cheng E, Zhang J, Chen Y, Huang H, Lee WP, Wu Y, Yan M. CLEC5a-directed bispecific antibody for effective cellular phagocytosis. MAbs 2022; 14:2040083. [PMID: 35293277 PMCID: PMC8932924 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by activating Fcγ receptor is a key mechanism underlying many antibody drugs, their full therapeutic activities can be restricted by the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). Here, we describe a bispecific antibody approach that harnesses phagocytic receptor CLEC5A (C-type Lectin Domain Containing 5A) to drive Fcγ receptor-independent phagocytosis, potentially circumventing the negative impact of FcγRIIB. First, we established the effectiveness of such an approach by constructing bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target CLEC5A and live B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated its in vivo application for regulatory T cell depletion and subsequent tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Kedage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Dahlqvist J, Fulco CP, Ray JP, Liechti T, de Boer CG, Lieb DJ, Eisenhaure TM, Engreitz JM, Roederer M, Hacohen N. Systematic identification of genomic elements that regulate FCGR2A expression and harbor variants linked with autoimmune disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1946-1961. [PMID: 34970970 PMCID: PMC9239749 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FCGR2A binds antibody-antigen complexes to regulate the abundance of circulating and deposited complexes along with downstream immune and autoimmune responses. Although the abundance of FCRG2A may be critical in immune-mediated diseases, little is known about whether its surface expression is regulated through cis genomic elements and non-coding variants. In the current study, we aimed to characterize the regulation of FCGR2A expression, the impact of genetic variation and its association with autoimmune disease. METHODS We applied CRISPR-based interference and editing to scrutinize 1.7 Mb of open chromatin surrounding the FCGR2A gene to identify regulatory elements. Relevant transcription factors (TFs) binding to these regions were defined through public databases. Genetic variants affecting regulation were identified using luciferase reporter assays and were verified in a cohort of 1996 genotyped healthy individuals using flow cytometry. RESULTS We identified a complex proximal region and five distal enhancers regulating FCGR2A. The proximal region split into subregions upstream and downstream of the transcription start site, was enriched in binding of inflammation-regulated TFs, and harbored a variant associated with FCGR2A expression in primary myeloid cells. One distal enhancer region was occupied by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) whose binding site was disrupted by a rare genetic variant, altering gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The FCGR2A gene is regulated by multiple proximal and distal genomic regions, with links to autoimmune disease. These findings may open up novel therapeutic avenues where fine-tuning of FCGR2A levels may constitute a part of treatment strategies for immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dahlqvist
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John P Ray
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Carl G de Boer
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J Lieb
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas M Eisenhaure
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Center for Cell Circuits, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Tel: +1 6177147234, Fax: +1 6177148956;
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Chalayer E, Gramont B, Zekre F, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Grange L, Paul S, Chung AW, Killian M. Fc receptors gone wrong: A comprehensive review of their roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103016. [PMID: 34915182 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have a complex and only partially known pathophysiology with various abnormalities involving all the components of the immune system. Among these components, antibodies, and especially autoantibodies are key elements contributing to autoimmunity. The interaction of antibody fragment crystallisable (Fc) and several distinct receptors, namely Fc receptors (FcRs), have gained much attention during the recent years, with possible major therapeutic perspectives for the future. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the known roles for FcRs (activating and inhibitory FcγRs, neonatal FcR [FcRn], FcαRI, FcεRs, Ro52/tripartite motif containing 21 [Ro52/TRIM21], FcδR, and the novel Fc receptor-like [FcRL] family) in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, namely rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis, Behçet's disease, Kawasaki disease, IgG4-related disease, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Chalayer
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1059-Sainbiose, dysfonction vasculaire et hémostase, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Baptiste Gramont
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Zekre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Pediatrics, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lucile Grange
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amy W Chung
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Bohländer F, Weißmüller S, Riehl D, Gutscher M, Schüttrumpf J, Faust S. The Functional Role of IgA in the IgM/IgA-Enriched Immunoglobulin Preparation Trimodulin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1828. [PMID: 34944644 PMCID: PMC8698729 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, antibodies of IgA class are not well investigated. In line with this, the functional role of the IgA component in IgM/IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparations is also largely unknown. In recent years, powerful anti-pathogenic and immunomodulatory properties of human serum IgA especially on neutrophil function were unraveled. Therefore, the aim of our work is to investigate functional aspects of the trimodulin IgA component, a new plasma-derived polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation containing ~56% IgG, ~23% IgM and ~21% IgA. The functional role of IgA was investigated by analyzing the interaction of IgA with FcαRI, comparing trimodulin with standard intravenous IgG (IVIG) preparation and investigating Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent functions by excluding IgM-mediated effects. Trimodulin demonstrated potent immunomodulatory, as well as anti-pathogenic effects in our neutrophil model (neutrophil-like HL-60 cells). The IgA component of trimodulin was shown to induce a strong FcαRI-dependent inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAMi) signaling, counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and mediate phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. The fine-tuned balance between immunomodulatory and anti-pathogenic effects of trimodulin were shown to be dose-dependent. Summarized, our data demonstrate the functional role of IgA in trimodulin, highlighting the importance of this immunoglobulin class in immunoglobulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bohländer
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (F.B.); (D.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Department of Translational Research, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Dennis Riehl
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (F.B.); (D.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcus Gutscher
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (F.B.); (D.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Jörg Schüttrumpf
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Faust
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (F.B.); (D.R.); (M.G.)
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Jarlhelt I, Nielsen SK, Jahn CXH, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Rosbjerg A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Mediate Complement and Cellular Driven Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767981. [PMID: 34804055 PMCID: PMC8596567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to constitute a serious public health threat worldwide. Protective antibody-mediated viral neutralization in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been firmly characterized. Where the effects of the antibody response are generally considered to be beneficial, an important biological question regarding potential negative outcomes of a SARS-CoV-2 antibody response has yet to be answered. We determined the distribution of IgG subclasses and complement activation levels in plasma from convalescent individuals using in-house developed ELISAs. The IgG response towards SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) after natural infection appeared to be mainly driven by IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, which are the main ligands for C1q mediated classical complement pathway activation. The deposition of the complement components C4b, C3bc, and TCC as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were depending primarily on the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and significantly correlated with both IgG levels and disease severity, indicating that individuals with high levels of IgG and/or severe disease, might have a more prominent complement activation during viral infection. Finally, freshly isolated monocytes and a monocyte cell line (THP-1) were used to address the cellular mediated inflammatory response as a consequence of Fc-gamma receptor engagement by SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. Monocytic Fc gamma receptor charging resulted in a significant rise in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies might drive significant inflammatory responses through the classical complement pathway and via cellular immune-complex activation that could have negative consequences during COVID-19 disease. We found that increased classical complement activation was highly associated to COVID-19 disease severity. The combination of antibody-mediated complement activation and subsequent cellular priming could constitute a significant risk of exacerbating COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sif Kaas Nielsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Xenia Holtermann Jahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Recombinant Protein and Antibody Laboratory, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koguchi Y, Iwamoto N, Shimada T, Chang SC, Cha J, Curti BD, Urba WJ, Piening BD, Redmond WL. Trough levels of ipilimumab in serum as a potential biomarker of clinical outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma after treatment with ipilimumab. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002663. [PMID: 34620702 PMCID: PMC8499328 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancer. However, ICB is effective for only a small fraction of patients, and biomarkers such as expression of PD-L1 in tumor or serum levels of CXCL11 have suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Exposure–response (E-R) relationships have been observed with other therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. There are many factors influencing E-R relationships, yet several studies have shown that trough levels of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 correlated with clinical outcomes. However, the potential utility of anti-CTLA-4 levels as a biomarker remains unknown. Methods Serum was obtained at trough levels at weeks 7 and 12 (after doses 2 and 4) from patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab alone (3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four treatments) via an expanded access program (NCT00495066). We have successfully established a proteomics assay to measure the concentration of ipilimumab in serum using an liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based nanosurface and molecular-orientation limited proteolysis (nSMOL) approach. Serum samples from 38 patients were assessed for trough levels of ipilimumab by the nSMOL assay. Results We found that trough levels of ipilimumab were higher in patients who developed immune-related adverse events but did not differ based on the presence or absence of disease progression. We found that patients with higher trough levels of ipilimumab had better overall survival when grouped based on ipilimumab trough levels. Trough levels of ipilimumab were inversely associated with pretreatment serum levels of CXCL11, a predictive biomarker we previously identified, and soluble CD25 (sCD25), a prognostic biomarker for advanced melanoma, as well as C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels at week 7. Conclusions Our results suggest that trough levels of ipilimumab may be a useful biomarker for the long-term survival of patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. The association of ipilimumab trough levels with pretreatment serum levels of CXCL11 and sCD25 is suggestive of a baseline-driven E-R relationship, and the association of ipilimumab trough levels with on-treatment levels of CRP and IL-6 is suggestive of response-driven E-R relationship. Our findings highlight the potential utility of trough levels of ipilimumab as a biomarker. Trial registration number NCT00495066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Noriko Iwamoto
- Shimadzu Bioscience Research Partnership, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Bothell, Washington, USA
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Shimadzu Bioscience Research Partnership, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Bothell, Washington, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Chang
- Medical Data Research Center, Providence St Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - John Cha
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan D Curti
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Walter J Urba
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian D Piening
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William L Redmond
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Mol S, Hafkamp FMJ, Varela L, Simkhada N, Taanman-Kueter EW, Tas SW, Wauben MHM, Groot Kormelink T, de Jong EC. Efficient Neutrophil Activation Requires Two Simultaneous Activating Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810106. [PMID: 34576270 PMCID: PMC8467451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are abundantly present in the synovium and synovial fluid of patients suffering from arthritis. Neutrophils can be activated by a multitude of stimuli and the current dogma states that this is a two-step process, consisting of a priming step followed by an activation step. Considering that neutrophil activation occurs in an inflammatory environment, where multiple stimuli are present, we argue that a two-step process is highly unlikely. Here, we indeed demonstrate that neutrophils require simultaneous ligation of two different receptors for efficient activation. We isolated human peripheral blood neutrophils and cultured them with various combinations of stimuli (GM-CSF, fMLF, TNF, and LPS). Next, we evaluated essential neutrophil functions, including degranulation and ROS production using flow cytometry, mediator release using ELISA, NETosis by a live cell imaging method, phagocytosis by imaging flow cytometry, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release quantified by high-resolution flow cytometry. Exposure of neutrophils to any combination of stimuli, but not to single stimuli, resulted in significant degranulation, and mediator and EV release. Furthermore, ROS production increased substantially by dual stimulation, yet appeared to be more dependent on the type of stimulation than on dual stimulation. Phagocytosis was induced to its maximum capacity by a single stimulus, while NETosis was not induced by any of the used physiological stimuli. Our data indicate that neutrophil activation is tightly regulated and requires activation by two simultaneous stimuli, which is largely independent of the combination of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Mol
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Florianne M. J. Hafkamp
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Laura Varela
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Neena Simkhada
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Esther W. Taanman-Kueter
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Tom Groot Kormelink
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-2-0566-4963
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Galili U, Zhu Z, Chen J, Goldufsky JW, Schaer GL. Near Complete Repair After Myocardial Infarction in Adult Mice by Altering the Inflammatory Response With Intramyocardial Injection of α-Gal Nanoparticles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:719160. [PMID: 34513957 PMCID: PMC8425953 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.719160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal mice, but not older mice, can regenerate their hearts after myocardial-infarction (MI), a process mediated by pro-reparative macrophages. α-Gal nanoparticles applied to skin wounds in adult-mice bind the anti-Gal antibody, activate the complement cascade and generate complement chemotactic peptides that recruit pro-reparative macrophages which are further activated by these nanoparticles. The recruited macrophages decrease wound healing time by ~50%, restore the normal skin structure and prevent fibrosis and scar formation in mice. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine if α-gal nanoparticles injected into the reperfused myocardium after MI in adult-mice can induce myocardial repair that restores normal structure, similar to that observed in skin injuries. Methods and Results: MI was induced by occluding the mid-portion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min. Immediately following reperfusion, each mouse received two 10 μl injections of 100 μg α-gal nanoparticles in saline into the LAD territory (n = 20), or saline for controls (n = 10). Myocardial infarct size was measured by planimetry following Trichrome staining and macrophage recruitment by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured by echocardiography. Control mice displayed peak macrophage infiltration at 4-days, whereas treated mice had a delayed peak macrophage infiltration at 7-days. At 28-days, control mice demonstrated large transmural infarcts with extensive scar formation and poor contractile function. In contrast, mice treated with α-gal nanoparticles demonstrated after 28-days a marked reduction in infarct size (~10-fold smaller), restoration of normal myocardium structure and contractile function. Conclusions: Intramyocardial injection of α-gal nanoparticles post-MI in anti-Gal producing adult-mice results in near complete repair of the infarcted territory, with restoration of normal LV structure and contractile function. The mechanism responsible for this benefit likely involves alteration of the usual inflammatory response post-MI, as previously observed with regeneration of injured hearts in adult zebrafish, salamanders and neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhongkai Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Josef W Goldufsky
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gary L Schaer
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ross EA, Devitt A, Johnson JR. Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708186. [PMID: 34456917 PMCID: PMC8397413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jill R Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bohländer F, Riehl D, Weißmüller S, Gutscher M, Schüttrumpf J, Faust S. Immunomodulation: Immunoglobulin Preparations Suppress Hyperinflammation in a COVID-19 Model via FcγRIIA and FcαRI. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700429. [PMID: 34177967 PMCID: PMC8223875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has induced a global pandemic. Severe forms of COVID-19 are characterized by dysregulated immune response and "cytokine storm". The role of IgG and IgM antibodies in COVID-19 pathology is reasonably well studied, whereas IgA is neglected. To improve clinical outcome of patients, immune modulatory drugs appear to be beneficial. Such drugs include intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, which were successfully tested in severe COVID-19 patients. Here we established a versatile in vitro model to study inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory processes by therapeutic human immunoglobulins. We dissect the inflammatory activation on neutrophil-like HL60 cells, using an immune complex consisting of latex beads coated with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and opsonized with specific immunoglobulins from convalescent plasma. Our data clarifies the role of Fc-receptor-dependent phagocytosis via IgA-FcαRI and IgG-FcγR for COVID-19 disease followed by cytokine release. We show that COVID-19 associated inflammation could be reduced by addition of human immunoglobulin preparations (IVIG and trimodulin), while trimodulin elicits stronger immune modulation by more powerful ITAMi signaling. Besides IgG, the IgA component of trimodulin in particular, is of functional relevance for immune modulation in this assay setup, highlighting the need to study IgA mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bohländer
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Dennis Riehl
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
- Department of Translational Research, Preclinical Research, Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutscher
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Faust
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
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Hoepel W, Chen HJ, Geyer CE, Allahverdiyeva S, Manz XD, de Taeye SW, Aman J, Mes L, Steenhuis M, Griffith GR, Bonta PI, Brouwer PJM, Caniels TG, van der Straten K, Golebski K, Jonkers RE, Larsen MD, Linty F, Nouta J, van Roomen CPAA, van Baarle FEHP, van Drunen CM, Wolbink G, Vlaar APJ, de Bree GJ, Sanders RW, Willemsen L, Neele AE, van de Beek D, Rispens T, Wuhrer M, Bogaard HJ, van Gils MJ, Vidarsson G, de Winther M, den Dunnen J. High titers and low fucosylation of early human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote inflammation by alveolar macrophages. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf8654. [PMID: 33979301 PMCID: PMC8158960 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become critically ill primarily around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early-phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces excessive inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more proinflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the antibody Fc tail. Low fucosylation of anti-spike IgG was normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fcγ receptor (FcγR) IIa and FcγRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated human macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Last, we demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small-molecule inhibitor of Syk kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara E Geyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sona Allahverdiyeva
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xue D Manz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René E Jonkers
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mads D Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P A A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank E H P van Baarle
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Admiraal Helfrichstraat 1, 1056 AA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Liu Y, Lai S, Liang L, Zhang D. Study on the interaction mechanism between C-reactive protein and platelets in the development of acute myocardial infarction. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1012. [PMID: 34277812 PMCID: PMC8267311 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is the single most critical event in coronary disease. Platelets are involved in the processes of acute MI (AMI). They lack nuclear DNA but retain megakaryocyte mRNAs, hence, their transcriptome could provide information preceding coronary events. However, their mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we obtained a gene expression atlas of platelets from patients after their very first AMI, and our purpose was to clarify the mechanisms of platelet involvement in the occurrence of AMI through bioinformatics analyses and animal models of AMI in vivo. Methods We obtained a gene expression atlas of platelets from patients after their very first AMI from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were retrieved using R language. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was implemented in order to construct a gene co-expression correlation network among DEGs. Animal models of AMI in vivo were constructed to confirm the results of the bioinformatics analysis. Results Gene integration analysis yielded 2,852 DEGs (P<0.05, |log2FC| >1). Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated a significant association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and Staphylococcus aureus infection (SAI) (P=0.015). Data from in vivo experiments showed that CRP increased significantly in AMI rats (P<0.001), and the expression of FCGR2B mRNA and HLA-DRB4 mRNA was elevated in response to the increase of CRP (P<0.001). Conclusions From the results of this study, we speculate that in the development of AMI, the increase in CRP activates platelets and induces platelets to play an anti-inflammatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shuhui Lai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijie Liang
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Donghai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
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Kyaw T, Loveland P, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Kallies A, Huang AL, Peter K, Toh BH, Bobik A. Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate murine atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin-dependent mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:938-947. [PMID: 33338208 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events for many years, in particular, strokes and MIs. Because B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years, we investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells. One week after inducing MI in atherosclerotic mice, we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. This treatment prevented subsequent immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced accelerated atherosclerosis. In gain of function experiments, we purified spleen B cells from mice 1 week after inducing MI and transferred these cells into atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice, which greatly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis. These B cells expressed many cytokines that promote humoural immunity and in addition, they formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Specifically deleting Blimp-1 in B cells, the transcriptional regulator that drives their terminal differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells prevented MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. Alarmins released from infarcted hearts were responsible for activating B cells via toll-like receptors and deleting MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signalling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented B-cell activation and MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Our data implicate early B-cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paula Loveland
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Alex L Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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42
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Geyer CE, Mes L, Newling M, den Dunnen J, Hoepel W. Physiological and Pathological Inflammation Induced by Antibodies and Pentraxins. Cells 2021; 10:1175. [PMID: 34065953 PMCID: PMC8150799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in induction of inflammatory responses. These inflammatory responses are mostly considered to be instigated by activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or cytokine receptors. However, recently it has become clear that also antibodies and pentraxins, which can both activate Fc receptors (FcRs), induce very powerful inflammatory responses by macrophages that can even be an order of magnitude greater than PRRs. While the physiological function of this antibody-dependent inflammation (ADI) is to counteract infections, undesired activation or over-activation of this mechanism will lead to pathology, as observed in a variety of disorders, including viral infections such as COVID-19, chronic inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this review we discuss how physiological ADI provides host defense by inducing pathogen-specific immunity, and how erroneous activation of this mechanism leads to pathology. Moreover, we will provide an overview of the currently known signaling and metabolic pathways that underlie ADI, and how these can be targeted to counteract pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Newling
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Patel P, Michael JV, Naik UP, McKenzie SE. Platelet FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis: Adaptive immunothrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1149-1160. [PMID: 33587783 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and autoimmune diseases remain major causes of morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen a new appreciation of platelets in host defense, in both immunity and thrombosis. Platelets are first responders in the blood to microbes or non-microbial antigens. The role of platelets in physiologic immunity is counterbalanced by their role in pathology, for example, microvascular thrombosis. Platelets encounter microbes and antigens via both innate and adaptive immune processes; platelets also help to shape the subsequent adaptive response. FcγRIIA is a receptor for immune complexes opsonized by IgG or pentraxins, and expressed in humans by platelets, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages. With consideration of the roles of IgG and Fc receptors, the host response to microbes and autoantigens can be called adaptive immunothrombosis. Here we review newer developments involving platelet FcγRIIA in humans and humanized mice in immunity and thrombosis, with special attention to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bacterial sepsis. Human genetic diversity in platelet receptors and the utility of humanized mouse models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Patel
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James V Michael
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulhas P Naik
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sakunrangsit N, Metheepakornchai P, Kumpunya S, Greenblatt MB, Leelahavanichkul A, Pisitkun P, Lotinun S. Etanercept prevents TNF-α mediated mandibular bone loss in FcγRIIb-/- lupus model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250215. [PMID: 33861790 PMCID: PMC8051757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are at increased risk for alveolar bone loss due to periodontitis possibly as a result of a pathogenic immune response to oral bacteria and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an anti-TNF-α antagonist could prevent mandibular bone loss in the FcγRIIb-/- mouse model of lupus. Mice lacking FcγRIIb had decreased cancellous and cortical bone volume at 6 months of age. Etanercept increased cancellous but not cortical bone volume in WT and increased both cancellous bone volume and cortical thickness in FcγRIIb-deficient mice. FcγRIIb deficiency decreased mRNA levels for osteoblast marker genes, Osx, Col1a1 and Alp without any change in osteoclast marker genes. Etanercept increased Osx, Alp, and Ocn in both WT and FcγRIIb-/- mice. Osteoclast marker genes including TNF-α, Trap and RANKL/OPG ratio was decreased in WT. Serum markers of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-17A, were increased in FcγRIIb-/- mice and etanercept antagonized these effects in FcγRIIb-/- mice. Etanercept increased serum PTH levels in the FcγRIIb-/- mouse model of lupus. Our results suggest that deletion of FcγRIIb induces osteopenia by increasing the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Etanercept is effective in preventing mandibular bone loss in FcγRIIb-/- mice, suggesting that anti-TNF-α therapy may be able to ameliorate mandibular bone loss in SLE patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Metheepakornchai
- Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kumpunya
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew Blake Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Pisitkun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The opposing roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in suppressing or supporting cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and response to therapy has been long debated. The mechanisms by which different monocyte and T cell subtypes affect and modulate cancer have been extensively studied. However, the role of B cells and their subtypes have remained elusive, perhaps partially due to their heterogeneity and range of actions. B cells can produce a variety of cytokines and present tumor-derived antigens to T cells in combination with co-stimulatory or inhibitory ligands based on their phenotype. Unlike most T cells, B cells can be activated by innate immune stimuli, such as endotoxin. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells regulate distinct immune responses, including opsonization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation. B cells are shaped by the tumor environment (TME), with the capability to regulate the TME in return. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of B cell action, including cytokine production, antigen presentation, ADCC, opsonization, complement activation and how they affect tumor development and response to immunotherapy. We will also discuss how B cell fate within the TME is affected by tumor stroma, microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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The prospects for targeting FcR as a novel therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114360. [PMID: 33301760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial membrane hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone tissue destruction. Although there have been many measures taken for RA therapy in recent years, they are not sufficiently safe or effective. Thus, it is very important to develop new drugs and slow down damage to other healthy organs in the case of RA. Lately, immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FcRs), such as the IgG Fc receptor (FcγR), IgA Fc receptor (FcαR), and IgD Fc receptor (FcδR), have been found to be involved in inducing or suppressing arthritis. FcRs interacting with immune complexes (ICs) are a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of RA. Therefore, an increasing number of methodsfor the targeted treatment of RA with FcRs are emerging, such as recombinant soluble FcγRs, recombinant multimeric Fc fragments and monoclonal antibodies, and have been demonstrated to significantly improve RA symptoms. Simultaneously, certain kinases involved in the downstream signaling of FcRs can also be a target for the treatment of RA, such as Syk and Btk inhibitors. An overview of these FcRs is provided in this review, including a description of FcR-related functions, signaling pathways, and potential FcR-targeting molecules for RA therapy. To date, the initial results of those developed FcR-targeting molecules have been promising. With this, FcRs might offer a better alternative to RA medication. Additionally, further pharmacological characterization and a better understanding of the unique mechanisms of FcR-targeting molecules are necessary.
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Hoepel W, Allahverdiyeva S, Harbiye H, de Taeye SW, van der Ham AJ, de Boer L, Zaat SAJ, van Weeghel M, Baeten DLP, Houtkooper RH, Everts B, Vidarsson G, den Dunnen J. IgG Subclasses Shape Cytokine Responses by Human Myeloid Immune Cells through Differential Metabolic Reprogramming. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3400-3407. [PMID: 33188071 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IgG Abs are crucial for various immune functions, including neutralization, phagocytosis, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In this study, we identified another function of IgG by showing that IgG immune complexes elicit distinct cytokine profiles by human myeloid immune cells, which are dependent on FcγR activation by the different IgG subclasses. Using monoclonal IgG subclasses with identical Ag specificity, our data demonstrate that the production of Th17-inducing cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-23, is particularly dependent on IgG2, whereas type I IFN responses are controlled by IgG3, and IgG1 is able to regulate both. In addition, we identified that subclass-specific cytokine production is orchestrated at the posttranscriptional level through distinct glycolytic reprogramming of human myeloid immune cells. Combined, these data identify that IgG subclasses provide pathogen- and cell type-specific immunity through differential metabolic reprogramming by FcγRs. These findings may be relevant for future design of Ab-related therapies in the context of infectious diseases, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willianne Hoepel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sona Allahverdiyeva
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haneen Harbiye
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie de Boer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Airway Delivery of Anti-influenza Monoclonal Antibodies Results in Enhanced Antiviral Activities and Enables Broad-Coverage Combination Therapies. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00052-20. [PMID: 32847855 PMCID: PMC7592225 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00052-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody are required for effectiveness when delivered through systemic administration (typically intravenous infusion), precluding the feasible dosing of antibody combinations via this route. The significance of our research is the demonstration that effective therapeutic treatments of multiple relevant influenza types (H1N1, H3N2, and B) can be achieved by airway administration of a single combination of relatively small amounts of three anti-influenza antibodies. This advance exploits the discovery that airway delivery is a more potent way of administering anti-influenza antibodies compared to systemic delivery, making this a feasible and cost-effective therapeutic approach. Effective and reliable anti-influenza treatments are acutely needed and passive immunizations using broadly neutralizing anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) are a promising emerging approach. Because influenza infections are initiated in and localized to the pulmonary tract, and newly formed viral particles egress from the apical side of the lung epithelium, we compared the effectiveness of hemagglutinin (HA) stalk-binding bNAbs administered through the airway (intranasal or via nebulization) versus the systemic route (intraperitoneal or intravenous). Airway deliveries of various bNAbs were 10- to 50-fold more effective than systemic deliveries of the same bNAbs in treating H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria-, and B/Yamagata-lineage influenza viral infections in mouse models. The potency of airway-delivered anti-HA bNAbs was highly dependent on antiviral neutralization activity, with little dependence on the effector function of the antibody. In contrast, the effectiveness of systemically delivered anti-HA bNAbs was not dependent on antiviral neutralization, but critically dependent on antibody effector functions. Concurrent administration of a neutralizing/effector function-positive bNAb via the airway and systemic routes showed increased effectiveness. The small amount of airway-delivered bNAbs needed for effective influenza treatment creates the opportunity to combine potent bNAbs with different anti-influenza specificities to generate a cost-effective antiviral therapy that provides broad coverage against all circulating influenza strains infecting humans. A 3 mg/kg dose of the novel triple antibody combination CF-404 (i.e., 1 mg/kg of each component bNAb) delivered to the airway was shown to effectively prevent weight loss and death in mice challenged with ten 50% lethal dose (LD50) inoculums of either H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria-lineage, or B/Yamagata-lineage influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Influenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody are required for effectiveness when delivered through systemic administration (typically intravenous infusion), precluding the feasible dosing of antibody combinations via this route. The significance of our research is the demonstration that effective therapeutic treatments of multiple relevant influenza types (H1N1, H3N2, and B) can be achieved by airway administration of a single combination of relatively small amounts of three anti-influenza antibodies. This advance exploits the discovery that airway delivery is a more potent way of administering anti-influenza antibodies compared to systemic delivery, making this a feasible and cost-effective therapeutic approach.
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van der Poel M, Hoepel W, Hamann J, Huitinga I, Dunnen JD. IgG Immune Complexes Break Immune Tolerance of Human Microglia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2511-2518. [PMID: 32967931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are phagocytic cells involved in homeostasis of the brain and are key players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). A hallmark of MS diagnosis is the presence of IgG Abs, which appear as oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. In this study, we demonstrate that myelin obtained post mortem from 8 out of 11 MS brain donors is bound by IgG Abs. Importantly, we show that IgG immune complexes strongly potentiate activation of primary human microglia by breaking their tolerance for microbial stimuli, such as LPS and Poly I:C, resulting in increased production of key proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β. We identified FcγRI and FcγRIIa as the two main responsible IgG receptors for the breaking of immune tolerance of microglia. Combined, these data indicate that IgG immune complexes potentiate inflammation by human microglia, which may play an important role in MS-associated inflammation and the formation of demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlijn van der Poel
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
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Plasmodium sporozoites induce regulatory macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008799. [PMID: 32898164 PMCID: PMC7500643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), like macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are central players in the induction of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to malaria, yet very little is known about the interaction of SPZ with human APCs. Intradermal delivery of whole-sporozoite vaccines reduces their effectivity, possibly due to dermal immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, understanding these interactions could prove pivotal to malaria vaccination. We investigated human APC responses to recombinant circumsporozoite protein (recCSP), SPZ and anti-CSP opsonized SPZ both in monocyte derived MoDCs and MoMϕs. Both MoDCs and MoMϕs readily took up recCSP but did not change phenotype or function upon doing so. SPZ are preferentially phagocytosed by MoMϕs instead of DCs and phagocytosis greatly increased after opsonization. Subsequently MoMϕs show increased surface marker expression of activation markers as well as tolerogenic markers such as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Additionally they show reduced motility, produce interleukin 10 and suppressed interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we investigated phenotypic responses to SPZ in primary dermal APCs isolated from human skin explants, which respond similarly to their monocyte-derived counterparts. These findings are a first step in enhancing our understanding of pre-erythrocytic natural immunity and the pitfalls of intradermal vaccination-induced immunity. Malaria continues to be the deadliest parasitic disease worldwide, and an effective vaccine yielding sterile immunity does not yet exist. Attenuated parasites can induce sterile protection in both human and rodent models for malaria, but these vaccines need to be administered directly into the bloodstream in order to convey protection; administration via the skin results in a much-reduced efficacy. We hypothesized this is caused by an early immune regulation initiated at the first site of contact with the immune system: the skin. However, the human skin stage of malaria has not been investigated to date. We used human antigen presenting cells as well as whole human skin explants to investigate (dermal) immune responses and found that Plasmodium sporozoites are able to suppress immune responses by inducing regulatory macrophages. Our study provides new insights in the mechanism of early immune regulation exploited by Plasmodium parasites and can help to explain why intradermal vaccination using whole attenuated sporozoites results in reduced protection.
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