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Zaccai S, Nemirovsky A, Lerner L, Alfahel L, Eremenko E, Israelson A, Monsonego A. CD4 T-cell aging exacerbates neuroinflammation in a late-onset mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38212835 PMCID: PMC10782641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Accumulating evidence suggests that ALS is not solely a neuronal cell- or brain tissue-autonomous disease and that neuroinflammation plays a key role in disease progression. Furthermore, whereas both CD4 and CD8 T cells were observed in spinal cords of ALS patients and in mouse models of the disease, their role in the neuroinflammatory process, especially considering their functional changes with age, is not fully explored. In this study, we revealed the structure of the CD4 T-cell compartment during disease progression of early-onset SOD1G93A and late-onset SOD1G37R mouse models of ALS. We show age-related changes in the CD4 T-cell subset organization between these mutant SOD1 mouse models towards increased frequency of effector T cells in spleens of SOD1G37R mice and robust infiltration of CD4 T cells expressing activation markers and the checkpoint molecule PD1 into the spinal cord. The frequency of infiltrating CD4 T cells correlated with the frequency of infiltrating CD8 T cells which displayed a more exhausted phenotype. Moreover, RNA-Seq and immunohistochemistry analyses of spinal cords from SOD1G37R mice with early clinical symptoms demonstrated immunological trajectories reminiscent of a neurotoxic inflammatory response which involved proinflammatory T cells and antigen presentation related pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that age-related changes of the CD4 T cell landscape is indicative of a chronic inflammatory response, which aggravates the disease process and can be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Zaccai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Nemirovsky
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Livnat Lerner
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Leenor Alfahel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Eremenko
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Li S, Bai J, Fan G, Liu R. Total glucosides of paeony alleviates scleroderma by inhibiting type I interferon responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115897. [PMID: 36334818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Type I interferon (IFN) is believed to play a pathogenic role in systemic sclerosis (SSc, also called scleroderma), which is an autoimmune rheumatic disease. Our previous studies have found that Chinese medicine formula Si-Ni-San (SNS, composed of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Bupleurum chinense DC., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Citrus aurantium L.) had inhibitory effects on type I IFN responses. Among these herbal products, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been traditionally used to treat inflammation-related diseases, yet its therapeutic effects against type I IFN-related diseases and potential bioactive ingredients are not characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to identify bioactive ingredient with anti-type I IFN activity from herbal products in SNS and further elucidate its therapeutic effect against scleroderma and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed a Gaussia-luciferase (Gluc) reporter assay system to identify ingredients with anti-type I IFN activities from SNS. In RAW264.7 cells, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to investigate the induction of type I IFN pathway. Additionally, in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced experimental scleroderma model, the expression of fibrotic genes, type I IFN-related genes, inflammatory cytokines, and cytotoxic granules were measured by RT-PCR, and the histopathological changes were determined by H&E staining, Masson's staining and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that total glucosides of paeony (TGP) was the bioactive component of SNS that selectively inhibited TLR3-mediated type I IFN responses and blocked type I IFN-induced downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathways. In the BLM-induced scleroderma mouse model, TGP ameliorated skin fibrosis by inhibiting multiple targets in the upstream and downstream of type I IFN signaling. Further research found that TGP hindered polarization of M2 macrophages and their profibrotic effects and reduced cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their cytotoxic granules by suppressing Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 in the skin tissue of scleroderma mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only sheds novel lights into the immunoregulative effects of TGP but also provides convincing evidence to develop TGP-based therapies in the treatment of scleroderma and other autoimmune diseases associated with type I IFN signatures. CLASSIFICATION Skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jinzhao Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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3
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Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010167. [PMID: 36612163 PMCID: PMC9818145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.
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4
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Frenay J, Bellaye PS, Oudot A, Helbling A, Petitot C, Ferrand C, Collin B, Dias AMM. IL-1RAP, a Key Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314918. [PMID: 36499246 PMCID: PMC9735758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and especially in high- and upper-middle-income countries. Despite recent progress in cancer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), new targets expressed by the tumor cells need to be identified in order to selectively drive these innovative therapies to tumors. In this context, IL-1RAP recently showed great potential to become one of these new targets for cancer therapy. IL-1RAP is highly involved in the inflammation process through the interleukins 1, 33, and 36 (IL-1, IL-33, IL-36) signaling pathways. Inflammation is now recognized as a hallmark of carcinogenesis, suggesting that IL-1RAP could play a role in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, IL-1RAP was found overexpressed on tumor cells from several hematological and solid cancers, thus confirming its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. This review will first describe the structure and genetics of IL-1RAP as well as its role in tumor development. Finally, a focus will be made on the therapies based on IL-1RAP targeting, which are now under preclinical or clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jame Frenay
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alex Helbling
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Camille Petitot
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, EFS BFC, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- CanCell Therapeutics, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre M M Dias
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ni H, Zhao P, Chen G, Xu B, Yuan L. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022688. [PMID: 36479091 PMCID: PMC9720144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of small cytokines or signaling proteins that are secreted by cells. Owing to their ability to induce directional chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, they are called chemotactic cytokines. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have now been shown to influence many cellular functions, including survival, adhesion, invasion, and proliferation, and regulate chemokine levels. Most malignant tumors express one or more chemokine receptors. The CXC subgroup of chemokine receptors, CXCR3, is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, and plays an essential role in infection, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immunity by binding to specific receptors on target cell membranes to induce targeted migration and immune responses. It is vital to treat infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. CXCR3 and its ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are closely associated with the development and progression of many tumors. With the elucidation of its mechanism of action, CXCR3 is expected to become a new indicator for evaluating the prognosis of patients with tumors and a new target for clinical tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the significance and mechanism of action of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its specific ligands in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Surgery, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang F, Zong H, Li F, Luo S, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang X. Eltrombopag modulates the phenotypic evolution and potential immunomodulatory roles of monocytes/macrophages in immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2022; 34:2135694. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2135694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Hui Zong
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Shulin Luo
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Xiuqun Zhang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Yanli Xu
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
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Huang P, Tang L, Zhang L, Ren Y, Peng H, Xiao Y, Xu J, Mao D, Liu L, Liu L. Identification of Biomarkers Associated With CD4+ T-Cell Infiltration With Gene Coexpression Network in Dermatomyositis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854848. [PMID: 35711463 PMCID: PMC9196312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease characterized by damage to the skin and muscles. CD4+ T cells are of crucial importance in the occurrence and development of dermatomyositis (DM). However, there are few bioinformatics studies on potential pathogenic genes and immune cell infiltration of DM. Therefore, this study intended to explore CD4+ T-cell infiltration–associated key genes in DM and construct a new model to predict the level of CD4+ T-cell infiltration in DM. Methods GSE46239, GSE142807, GSE1551, and GSE193276 datasets were downloaded. The WGCNA and CIBERSORT algorithms were performed to identify the most correlated gene module with CD4+ T cells. Matascape was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of the key gene module. LASSO regression analysis was used to identify the key genes and construct the prediction model. The correlation between the key genes and CD4+ T-cell infiltration was investigated. GSEA was performed to research the underlying signaling pathways of the key genes. The key gene-correlated transcription factors were identified through the RcisTarget and Gene-motif rankings databases. The miRcode and DIANA-LncBase databases were used to build the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Results In the brown module, 5 key genes (chromosome 1 open reading frame 106 (C1orf106), component of oligomeric Golgi complex 8 (COG8), envoplakin (EVPL), GTPases of immunity-associated protein family member 6 (GIMAP6), and interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6)) highly associated with CD4+ T-cell infiltration were identified. The prediction model was constructed and showed better predictive performance in the training set, and this satisfactory model performance was validated in another skin biopsy dataset and a muscle biopsy dataset. The expression levels of the key genes promoted the CD4+ T-cell infiltration. GSEA results revealed that the key genes were remarkably enriched in many immunity-associated pathways, such as JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The cisbp_M2205, transcription factor-binding site, was enriched in C1orf106, EVPL, and IF16. Finally, 3,835 lncRNAs and 52 miRNAs significantly correlated with key genes were used to build a ceRNA network. Conclusion The C1orf106, COG8, EVPL, GIMAP6, and IFI6 genes are associated with CD4+ T-cell infiltration. The prediction model constructed based on the 5 key genes may better predict the level of CD4+ T-cell infiltration in damaged muscle and lesional skin of DM. These key genes could be recognized as potential biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Liu, ; Lingjuan Liu,
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Liu, ; Lingjuan Liu,
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Sasaki Y, Arimochi H, Otsuka K, Kondo H, Tsukumo SI, Yasutomo K. Blockade of the CXCR3/CXCL10 axis ameliorates inflammation caused by immunoproteasome dysfunction. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152681. [PMID: 35393946 PMCID: PMC9057626 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoproteasomes regulate the degradation of ubiquitin-coupled proteins and generate peptides that are preferentially presented by MHC class I. Mutations in immunoproteasome subunits lead to immunoproteasome dysfunction, which causes proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS) characterized by nodular erythema and partial lipodystrophy. It remains unclear, however, how immunoproteasome dysfunction leads to inflammatory symptoms. Here, we established mice harboring a mutation in Psmb8 (Psmb8-KI mice) and addressed this question. Psmb8-KI mice showed higher susceptibility to imiquimod-induced skin inflammation (IMS). Blockade of IL-6 or TNF-α partially suppressed IMS in both control and Psmb8-KI mice, but there was still more residual inflammation in the Psmb8-KI mice than in the control mice. DNA microarray analysis showed that treatment of J774 cells with proteasome inhibitors increased the expression of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes. Deficiency in Cxcr3, the gene encoding the receptor of CXCL9 and CXCL10, in control mice did not change IMS susceptibility, while deficiency in Cxcr3 in Psmb8-KI mice ameliorated IMS. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that this mutation in Psmb8 leads to hyperactivation of the CXCR3 pathway, which is responsible for the increased susceptibility of Psmb8-KI mice to IMS. These data suggest the CXCR3/CXCL10 axis as a new molecular target for treating PRAAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sasaki
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideki Arimochi
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima, and
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsukumo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima, and
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima, and.,The Research Cluster Program on Immunological Diseases, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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9
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Wang R, Moniruzzaman M, Wong KY, Wiid P, Harding A, Giri R, Tong W(H, Creagh J, Begun J, McGuckin MA, Hasnain SZ. Gut microbiota shape the inflammatory response in mice with an epithelial defect. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33645438 PMCID: PMC7928202 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1887720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in intestinal inflammation. It remains unclear whether ER stress is an initiator of or a response to inflammation. Winnie mice, carrying a Muc2 gene mutation resulting in intestinal goblet cell ER stress, develop spontaneous colitis with a depleted mucus barrier and increased bacterial translocation. This study aims to determine whether the microbiota was required for the development of Winnie colitis, and whether protein misfolding itself can initiate inflammation directly in absence of the microbiota. To assess the role of microbiota in driving Winnie colitis, WT and Winnie mice on the same background were rederived into the germ-free facility and housed in the Trexler-type soft-sided isolators. The colitis phenotype of these mice was assessed and compared to WT and Winnie mice housed within a specific pathogen-free facility. We found that Winnie colitis was substantially reduced but not abolished under germ-free conditions. Expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was reduced but several chemokines remained elevated in absence of microbiota. Concomitantly, ER stress was also diminished, although mucin misfolding persisted. RNA-Seq revealed that Winnie differentiated colon organoids have decreased expression of the negative regulators of the inflammatory response compared to WT. This data along with the increase in Mip2a chemokine expression, suggests that the epithelial cells in the Winnie mice are more responsive to stimuli. Moreover, the data demonstrate that intestinal epithelial intrinsic protein misfolding can prime an inflammatory response without initiating the unfolded protein response in the absence of the microbiota. However, the microbiota is necessary for the amplification of colitis in Winnie mice. Genetic predisposition to mucin misfolding in secretory cells initiates mild inflammatory signals. However, the inflammatory signal sets a forward-feeding cycle establishing progressive inflammation in the presence of microbiota.Abbreviations: Endoplasmic Reticulum: ER; Mucin-2: Muc-2; GF: Germ-Free; Inflammatory Bowel Disease: IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Percival Wiid
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexa Harding
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rabina Giri
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy (Hui) Tong
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jackie Creagh
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,Mater Adult Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,CONTACT Sumaira Z. Hasnain Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Qld4102, Australia; Ran Wang Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
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11
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Karin N. Chemokines in the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: How They and Their Receptors Can Be Used to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Ones? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6317. [PMID: 34944943 PMCID: PMC8699256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also known as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), have been the most successful approach for cancer therapy. Starting with mAb to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma and continuing with blockers of the interactions between program cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand program cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) or program cell death ligand 2 (PDL-2), that have been approved for about 20 different indications. Yet for many cancers, ICI shows limited success. Several lines of evidence imply that the limited success in cancer immunotherapy is associated with attempts to treat patients with "cold tumors" that either lack effector T cells, or in which these cells are markedly suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chemokines are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties. The current review focuses on key chemokines that not only attract leukocytes but also shape their biological properties. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with 3 ligands. We suggest using Ig-based fusion proteins of two of them: CXL9 and CXCL10, to enhance anti-tumor immunity and perhaps transform cold tumors into hot tumors. Potential differences between CXCL9 and CXCL10 regarding ICI are discussed. We also discuss the possibility of targeting the function or deleting a key subset of Tregs that are CCR8+ by monoclonal antibodies to CCR8. These cells are preferentially abundant in several tumors and are likely to be the key drivers in suppressing anti-cancer immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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12
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by xerostomia (dry mouth), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye dryness), and other systematic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves an inflammatory process that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands and other tissues. Although the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies by hyperactive B cells suggest that they may promote SjS development, treatment directed towards them fails to induce significant laboratory or clinical improvement. T cells are overwhelming infiltrators in most phases of the disease, and the involvement of multiple T cell subsets of suggests the extraordinary complexity of SjS pathogenesis. The factors, including various cellular subtypes and molecules, regulate the activation and suppression of T cells. T cell activation induces inflammatory cell infiltration, B cell activation, tissue damage, and metabolic changes in SjS. Knowledge of the pathways that link these T cell subtypes and regulation of their activities are not completely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and our understanding of T cells in SjS, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ TRM cells, and innate T cells, to provide insights into for clinical treatment.
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13
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Rhee J, Kuznetsov A, McKay T, Lyons M, Houstis N, Mekkonen J, Ethridge B, Ibala R, Hahm E, Gitlin J, Guseh JS, Kitchen R, Rosenzweig A, Shaefi S, Flaczyk A, Qu J, Akeju O. Serum Proteomics of Older Patients Undergoing Major Cardiac Surgery: Identification of Biomarkers Associated With Postoperative Delirium. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:699763. [PMID: 34456709 PMCID: PMC8386117 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.699763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute altered mental state commonly encountered after cardiac surgery. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying POD remain unclear. We aimed to identify circulating proteins significantly altered after major cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We also aimed to enable inferences on associations with POD. Methods Serum and whole blood samples were collected before CPB (n = 16 patients; n = 8 with POD) and again from the same patients on postoperative day 1. All patients were clinically evaluated for POD on postoperative days 1–3. An aptamer-based proteomics platform (SOMAscan) was used to quantify serum protein abundance in patients with POD compared with non-POD controls. We also performed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based in vitro functional analysis (TruCulture) on whole blood samples from patients with POD and non-POD controls to approximate surgical stress. Cytokine levels were determined using a Luminex immunoassay. Results Cardiac surgery with CPB resulted in a significant (padj < 0.01) change in 48.8% (637 out of 1,305) of proteins detected by SOMAscan. Gene set enrichment showed that the most impacted biological processes involved myeloid cell activation. Specifically, activation and degranulation of neutrophils were the top five highest-scoring processes. Pathway analyses with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that metabolic enzymes, particularly those of glycolysis, were elevated in serum concentration after surgery. Several proteins were significantly increased postoperatively in patients diagnosed with POD relative to the non-POD controls, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) showing the greatest fold-change. LPS stimulation of whole blood samples confirmed these findings. Linear regression analysis showed a highly significant correlation between Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) scores and CPB-mediated changes in cGMP-inhibited 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase A (PDE3A). Conclusions Cardiac surgery with CPB resulted in inflammasome changes accompanied by unexpected increases in metabolic pathways. In exploratory analyses, we found that POD was associated with changes in the expression level of various proteins, most notably IL-6 and PDE3A. This study and ongoing protein biomarker studies will likely help quantify risk or confirm the diagnosis for POD and increase understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rhee
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Kuznetsov
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tina McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Lyons
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas Houstis
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mekkonen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Breanna Ethridge
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reine Ibala
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eunice Hahm
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Gitlin
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Kitchen
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Flaczyk
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason Qu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Rhee J, Kuznetsov A, McKay T, Lyons M, Houstis N, Mekkonen J, Ethridge B, Ibala R, Hahm E, Gitlin J, Guseh JS, Kitchen R, Rosenzweig A, Shaefi S, Flaczyk A, Qu J, Akeju O. Serum Proteomics of Older Patients Undergoing Major Cardiac Surgery: Identification of Biomarkers Associated With Postoperative Delirium. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:699763. [PMID: 34456709 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.699763pmid-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute altered mental state commonly encountered after cardiac surgery. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying POD remain unclear. We aimed to identify circulating proteins significantly altered after major cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We also aimed to enable inferences on associations with POD. METHODS Serum and whole blood samples were collected before CPB (n = 16 patients; n = 8 with POD) and again from the same patients on postoperative day 1. All patients were clinically evaluated for POD on postoperative days 1-3. An aptamer-based proteomics platform (SOMAscan) was used to quantify serum protein abundance in patients with POD compared with non-POD controls. We also performed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based in vitro functional analysis (TruCulture) on whole blood samples from patients with POD and non-POD controls to approximate surgical stress. Cytokine levels were determined using a Luminex immunoassay. RESULTS Cardiac surgery with CPB resulted in a significant (padj < 0.01) change in 48.8% (637 out of 1,305) of proteins detected by SOMAscan. Gene set enrichment showed that the most impacted biological processes involved myeloid cell activation. Specifically, activation and degranulation of neutrophils were the top five highest-scoring processes. Pathway analyses with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that metabolic enzymes, particularly those of glycolysis, were elevated in serum concentration after surgery. Several proteins were significantly increased postoperatively in patients diagnosed with POD relative to the non-POD controls, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) showing the greatest fold-change. LPS stimulation of whole blood samples confirmed these findings. Linear regression analysis showed a highly significant correlation between Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) scores and CPB-mediated changes in cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A (PDE3A). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac surgery with CPB resulted in inflammasome changes accompanied by unexpected increases in metabolic pathways. In exploratory analyses, we found that POD was associated with changes in the expression level of various proteins, most notably IL-6 and PDE3A. This study and ongoing protein biomarker studies will likely help quantify risk or confirm the diagnosis for POD and increase understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rhee
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Kuznetsov
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tina McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Lyons
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas Houstis
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mekkonen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Breanna Ethridge
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reine Ibala
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eunice Hahm
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Gitlin
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Kitchen
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Flaczyk
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason Qu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Rempenault C, Mielle J, Schreiber K, Corbeau P, Macia L, Combe B, Morel J, Daien CI, Audo R. #CXCR5/CXCL13 pathway, a key driver for migration of regulatory B10 cells, is defective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2185-2196. [PMID: 34382069 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chemokines (CKs) are key players of immune-cell homing and differentiation. CK receptors (CKRs) can be used to define T-cell functional subsets. We aimed to characterize the CKR profile of the regulatory B-cell subset B10+ cells and investigate the CKs involved in their migration and differentiation in healthy donors (CTLs) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RNA sequencing and cytometry were used to compare CKR expression between B10+ and B10neg cells. Migration of B10+ and B10neg cells and interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion of B cells in response to recombinant CKs or synovial fluid (SF) were assessed. RESULTS CXCR5 was expressed at a higher level on the B10+ cell surface as compared with other B cells (referred to as B10neg cells). In line with this, its ligand CXCL13 preferentially attracted B10+ cells over B10neg cells. Interestingly, synovial fluid from RA patients contained high levels of CXCL13 and induced strong and preferential migration of B10+ cells. Besides its role in attracting B10+ cells, CXCL13 also promoted IL-10 secretion by B cells. In RA patients, the level of CXCR5 on B cell surface was reduced. The preferential migration of RA B10+ cells toward CXCL13-rich SF was lost and CXCL13 stimulation triggered less IL-10 secretion than in healthy donors. CONCLUSION Our results identify that the CXCR5/CXCL13 axis is essential for B10+ cell biology but is defective in RA. Restoring the preferential migration of B10+ within the affected joints to better control inflammation may be part of therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rempenault
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Rheumatology, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mielle
- IGMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pierre Corbeau
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Immunology, Nîmes, France.,IGH, CNRS, Montpellier, France (
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard Combe
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Rheumatology, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Rheumatology, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Immediato Daien
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Rheumatology, Montpellier, France.,IGMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Audo
- CHU and University of Montpellier, Rheumatology, Montpellier, France.,IGMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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16
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Liu Y, Wang X. Tumor microenvironment-associated gene C3 can predict the prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma: a study based on TCGA. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1923-1933. [PMID: 33765255 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. With continuous exploration of the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system, tumor immunotherapy has become a revolution. However, CRC remains one of the less effective tumors for immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. The aim of this study is to explore tumor microenvironment-related genes that can predict the prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, and also to provide new ideas for the mechanism of tumor development as well as immunotherapy. METHODS After estimating Stromalscore and Immunescore of colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor samples according to RNA-Seq expression data downloaded from TCGA, we screened for TME-related differential genes. We filtered prognosis-related core genes by constructing protein-protein interaction networks and making one-factor cox analysis for prognosis. Finally, the relative content of 22 immune cells in tumor tissues was evaluated, and then immune cells associated with core genes were identified. RESULTS We screened 773 differential genes related to the TME. Then we identified C3 as a core gene associated with prognosis. Single gene analysis showed that C3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.001). High C3 expression was associated with lower overall survival (p = 0.046). Tumor immune cell analysis showed that mast cells resting, mast cells activated, T cells CD4 memory activated, eosinophils, and macrophages M0 were C3-associated immune cells. CONCLUSIONS C3 has potential as a biomarker for colorectal adenocarcinoma and could provide new research ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma, especially for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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17
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Conversion of AML-blasts to leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) in 'DC-culture-media' shifts correlations of released chemokines with antileukemic T-cell reactions. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152088. [PMID: 33838552 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and T-cells are mediators of CTL-responses. Autologous (from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS)) or allogeneic (donor)-T-cells stimulated by DCleu, gain an efficient lysis of naive blasts, although not in every case. CXCL8, -9, -10, CCL2, -5 and Interleukin (IL-12) were quantified by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) in supernatants from 5 DC-generating methods and correlated with AML-/MDS-patients' serum-values, DC-/T-cell-interactions/antileukemic T-cell-reactions after mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and patients' clinical course. The blast-lytic activity of T-cells stimulated with DC or mononuclear cells (MNC) was quantified in a cytotoxicity assay. Despite great variations of chemokine-levels, correlations with post-stimulation (after stimulating T-cells with DC in MLC) improved antileukemic T-cell activity were seen: higher released chemokine-values correlated with improved T-cells' antileukemic activity (compared to stimulation with blast-containing MNC) - whereas with respect to the corresponding serum values higher CXCL8-, -9-, and -10- but lower CCL5- and -2-release correlated with improved antileukemic activity of DC-stimulated (vs. blast-stimulated) T-cells. In DC-culture supernatants higher chemokine-values correlated with post-stimulation improved antileukemic T-cell reactivity, whereas higher serum-values of CXCL8, -9, and -10 but lower serum-values of CCL5 and -2 correlated with post-stimulation improved antileukemic T-cell-reactivity. In a context of 'DC'-stimulation (vs serum) this might point to a change of (CCL5 and -2-associated) functionality from a more 'inflammatory' or 'tumor-promoting' to a more 'antitumor'-reactive functionality. This knowledge could contribute to develop immune-modifying strategies that promote antileukemic (adaptive) immune-responses.
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18
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Amere Subbarao S. Cancer vs. SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, overlapping functions, and pharmacological targeting. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:343-366. [PMID: 33723711 PMCID: PMC7959277 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an intrinsic defence mechanism triggered by the immune system against infection or injury. Chronic inflammation allows the host to recover or adapt through cellular and humoral responses, whereas acute inflammation leads to cytokine storms resulting in tissue damage. In this review, we present the overlapping outcomes of cancer inflammation with virus-induced inflammation. The study emphasises how anti-inflammatory drugs that work against cancer inflammation may work against the inflammation caused by the viral infection. It is established that the cytokine storm induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to disease-associated mortality. While cancer remains the second among the diseases associated with mortality worldwide, cancer patients' mortality rates are often observed upon extended periods after illness, usually ranging from months to years. However, the mortality rates associated with COVID-19 disease are robust. The cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to be responsible for the multi-organ failure and increased mortality rates. Since both cancer and COVID-19 disease share overlapping inflammatory mechanisms, repurposing some anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19 may lower mortality rates. Here, we review some of these inflammatory mechanisms and propose some potential chemotherapeutic agents to intervene in them. We also discuss the repercussions of anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine with zinc or antiviral drugs such as ivermectin and remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. In this review, we emphasise on various possibilities to reduce SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm.
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19
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Yasmeen F, Seo H, Javaid N, Kim MS, Choi S. Therapeutic Interventions into Innate Immune Diseases by Means of Aptamers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100955. [PMID: 33050544 PMCID: PMC7600108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in the body's defense system against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as recognizes non-self- and self-molecules. The innate immune system is composed of special receptors known as pattern recognition receptors, which play a crucial role in the identification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from diverse microorganisms. Any disequilibrium in the activation of a particular pattern recognition receptor leads to various inflammatory, autoimmune, or immunodeficiency diseases. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules, also termed "chemical antibodies," which have tremendous specificity and affinity for their target molecules. Their features, such as stability, low immunogenicity, ease of manufacturing, and facile screening against a target, make them preferable as therapeutics. Immune-system-targeting aptamers have a great potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy against immune diseases. This review summarizes components of the innate immune system, aptamer production, pharmacokinetic characteristics of aptamers, and aptamers related to innate-immune-system diseases.
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Wu B, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu M, Chen F, Shen Y, Zhong Z. CXCL5 expression in tumor tissues is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32994820 PMCID: PMC7509746 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on the tumor microenvironment is a feasible method for treating cancer; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and the influencing factors of the immune microenvironment. Chemokines are an important factor affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. In the present study, chemokines or chemokine receptors were screened to identify those differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer compared with normal controls and associated with patient prognosis. Chemokines or chemokine receptors that are differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues were initially screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, survival analysis was performed using GEPIA, a website based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCL5 was performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 119 cases of pancreatic cancer. Histochemistry score (H-SCORE) was used to evaluate the expression of CXCL5. Next, association analysis of the H-SCORE of CXCL5 and the clinical characteristics of patients was performed, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression analyses. The results of the bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. High expression of CXCL5 in pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with a poor prognosis in patients in TCGA cohort. The expression level of CXCL5 in tumor tissues was significantly higher compared with that in adjacent peritumoral normal tissues in the immunohistochemical analysis. There was no significant association between CXCL5 expression in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues and clinicopathological factors. Patients with pancreatic cancer with high CXCL5 expression had a poor prognosis, as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the TMA dataset. The results of Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that CXCL5 was an independent factor for a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that the chemokine CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues; high CXCL5 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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21
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Kim M, Lee S, Lim H, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Lee IC, Ryu YB, Kim J, Shin T, Ahn G, Rho MC, Jung K. Oleanolic Acid Acetate Alleviates Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556391. [PMID: 33013394 PMCID: PMC7494849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed by several immune cells in the central nervous system and plays an important role in neuroinflammation. TLR2 upregulation has been reported in multiple sclerosis patients and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, modulating TLR2 signaling can be an effective treatment strategy against MS. Oleanolic acid acetate (OAA) has antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of OAA on TLR2 signaling and neuroinflammation in EAE. EAE was induced in C57/BL6 mice using synthesized myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide, and OAA was administered daily. Hind limb paralysis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Moreover, T-cell proliferation was significantly stimulated in splenic cells from EAE mice. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord was upregulated, and their serum protein levels were increased in EAE mice. Furthermore, upregulation of TLR2 and downstream signaling molecules was observed in the spinal cord. These pathological changes were reversed by OAA treatment. Our results suggest that OAA might have promising therapeutic properties and that the TLR signaling pathway is an effective therapeutic target against multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyungjin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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22
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Qian Y, Gao C, Zhao X, Song Y, Luo H, An S, Huang J, Zhang J, Jiang R. Fingolimod Attenuates Lung Injury and Cardiac Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2131-2140. [PMID: 32434456 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and cardiac dysfunction are common in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and always indicate poor outcomes. Inflammatory responses play important roles in TBI-induced cardiac and pulmonary damage. Fingolimod, an immunomodulatory agent, alleviates brain edema, restores the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and improves functional deficits by inhibiting multiple inflammatory responses. Fingolimod (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 2 h after the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was established in adult male mice. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the lung and heart after TBI was measured with a cytokine array. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and Evans blue dye leakage were used to quantify pulmonary edema and capillary leakage. Immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and echocardiographic examination were used to assess the pathology and functional deficits in hearts. We found that TBI caused significant heart and lung damage. The administration of fingolimod significantly reduced the elevated inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil infiltration, the leakage of protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the wet/dry weight ratio in lung tissue at 3 days after TBI. In addition, fingolimod treatment also alleviated the inflammatory response in the heart; decreased cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, and histological microstructural changes; and improved cardiac function from 3 days after TBI and maintained it for 30 days after TBI as measured by echocardiography. These results suggest that TBI resulted in significant cardiac and pulmonary damage accompanied by significant inflammatory responses in heart and lung tissue. Fingolimod treatment reduced the inflammatory response and alleviated TBI-induced lung and heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yiming Song
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo An
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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23
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Pradeep Yeola A, Akbar I, Baillargeon J, Mercy Ignatius Arokia Doss P, Paavilainen VO, Rangachari M. Protein translocation and retro-translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum are crucial to inflammatory effector CD4 + T cell function. Cytokine 2020; 129:154944. [PMID: 32146280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Effector CD4+ T cells can be classified by the cytokines they secrete, with T helper 1 (Th1) cells generating interferon (IFN)γ and Th17 cells secreting interleukin (IL)-17. Both Th1 and Th17 cells are strongly implicated in the initiation and chronicity of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been implicated as a potentially crucial site in regulating CD4+ T cell function. Secretory and transmembrane proteins are shuttled into the ER via the Sec61 translocon, where they undergo appropriate folding; misfolded proteins are retro-translocated from the ER in a p97-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence that both processes are crucial to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from effector CD4+ T cells. The pan-ER inhibitor eeeyarestatin-1 (ESI), which interferes with both Sec61 translocation and p97 retro-translocation, inhibited secretion of interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α from Th1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of Sec61 by Apratoxin A (ApraA) revealed that ER translocation is crucial for Th1 cytokine secretion, while inhibition of p97 by NMS-873 also inhibited Th1 function, albeit to a lesser degree. By contrast, none of ESI, ApraA or NMS-873 could significantly reduce IL-17 secretion from Th17 cells. ApraA, but not NMS-873, reduced phosphorylation of Stat1 in Th1 cells, indicating the involvement of ER translocation in Th1 differentiation pathways. ApraA had modest effects on activation of the Th17 transcription factor Stat3, while NMS-873 had no effect. Interestingly, NMS-873 was able to reduce disease severity in CD4+ T cell-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Together, our data indicate that CD4+ T cell function, and Th1 cell function in particular, is dependent on protein translocation and dislocation across the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Manu Rangachari
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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24
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Rautenbach A, Williams AA. Metabolomics as an Approach to Characterise the Contrasting Roles of CCR5 in the Presence and Absence of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1472. [PMID: 32098198 PMCID: PMC7073144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors such as C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) are activated through interaction with their ligands and are well known for their role in chemotaxis and signal transduction. While serving these roles, cellular responses are effected, hence the immune function of these molecules is established. Given the role of CCR5 in immune function and that the immune and metabolic systems are interlinked, subsequent immune-directed changes should be measurable at a metabolic level. Numerous investigations have reported on metabolic changes associated with CCR5 status in the presence of disease, so as to understand whether specific CCR5 genotypes, frequency and/or levels offer protection to the host or not. However, these metabolic changes were recorded using older conventional techniques. Depending on certain factors such as the disease model, the geography of the samples and/or the ethnic group under study, the role of CCR5 in disease differs. In addition, little is known about CCR5's role in the absence of an enhanced inflammatory state, such as when infection persists. Metabolomics is defined as the study of metabolites and informs on metabolic changes within living organisms as induced by various stimuli, such as the interaction of CCR5 with its ligand. Since metabolomics reflects the underlying biochemical activity and state of cells/tissues, this review proposes it as a tool to clarify the contrasting roles of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelia A. Williams
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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25
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Zheng C, Chen J, Chu F, Zhu J, Jin T. Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:314. [PMID: 31998072 PMCID: PMC6965019 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder leading to chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal, and neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite intense research efforts, the pathogenesis of MS still remains unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane receptors that play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the adaptor of major TLRs. It has been widely considered that the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune disease. Data have revealed that the TLR-MyD88 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, by regulating the antigen presentation of dendritic cells, the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the activation of T cells and B cells. Here, we summarize the role of TLRs and MyD88 in MS and discuss the possible therapies that are based on these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengna Chu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Roffe E, Dos Santos LI, Santos MO, Henriques PM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Rocha MOC, Eloi-Santos SM, Correa-Oliveira R, Antonelli LRV. Increased frequencies of circulating CCR5 + memory T cells are correlated to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy progression. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:641-652. [PMID: 31087713 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-472r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease in Latin America and an imported emerging disease worldwide. Chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), a progressive inflammatory and fibrosing disease, is the most prominent clinical form of Chagas disease, culminating in heart failure and high rates of sudden death. CCC pathogenesis is influenced by both host and parasite factors and is proposed to be mostly immune-driven. Chemokines are crucial players in orchestrating immune cell recruitment to infected tissues and inflammation. Herein, we investigated inflammatory chemokine receptor expression on circulating T cells in patients stratified by CCC severity. Compared to asymptomatic individuals, we found increased percentages of effector CD4+ T cells and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CCR5 in patients with structural cardiopathy, but normal global ventricular function and no symptoms of chronic heart failure. Even naïve T cells expressed CCR5 in these patients. In contrast, reduced frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells expressing CXCR3 were observed in patients presenting with severe heart disease. Patients with increased left ventricular diameter, heart enlargement, and insufficiency had higher frequencies of CCR5+ effector and effector memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the percentage of effector CCR5+ CD8+ T cells was increased in patients with a reduced ejection fraction. Our results show that high expression CCR5 and low expression of CXCR3 on circulating T cells are associated with worse prognosis, possibly reflecting immune-mediated cardiac remodeling of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Roffe
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luara I Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maykon O Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M Henriques
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O C Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Eloi-Santos
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lis R V Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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27
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Sengupta A, Sarkar S, Keswani T, Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya A. Impact of autophagic regulation on splenic red pulp macrophages during cerebral malarial infection. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:18-26. [PMID: 30872003 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Splenic red pulp macrophages play a critical role infiltration of infected RBC and elimination of pathogens during malarial infection. However, the efficiency of pathogenic processing and the intricate pathway followed by them to boost the downstream immune response has not been studied in details. We checked the status of autophagic regulation within the cells both before and after the infection and also modulated the autophagic flux with either its inducer or inhibitor. We found that the upregulation of autophagic gene and the corresponding pathway is correlated with better parasite clearance and survivability, with an enhanced downstream immune response. It also increases their phagocytic potential with better Lysosomal associated protein I and II synthesis. The autophagolysosome formation increases as well, and more vacuole bound LC3B protein are detected. Chemokine synthesized from Red Pulp macrophage helps in mediating the induction for recruiting neutrophil and CD4 + T cells to the splenic red pulp region. The skewing of M1 macrophage polarity is observed post autophagic induction with a better costimulatory molecule like CD80, CD86 expression and antigen presenting molecule MHC I, MHC II is observed. This study shows the possibility of an alternative or adjuvant therapy regimen for the malarial patient by inducing the autophagic pathway that targets the red pulp macrophages. This might be helpful for better pathogen degradation and processing. The subsequent clearance of parasite will result in a better outcome for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sengupta
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samrat Sarkar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Basic and Clinical Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL - Centre of Infection and Immunity Lille, F-59000 Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Soubhik Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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28
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Congdon KL, Sanchez-Perez LA, Sampson JH. Effective effectors: How T cells access and infiltrate the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 197:52-60. [PMID: 30557632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy can induce objective responses in otherwise refractory malignancies in tumors outside the central nervous system. In large part, effector T cells mediate much of the antitumor efficacy in these trials, and potent antitumor T cells can be generated through vaccination, immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive transfer, and genetic manipulation. However, activated T cells must still traffic to, infiltrate, and persist within tumor in order to mediate tumor lysis. These requirements for efficacy pose unique challenges for brain tumor immunotherapy, due to specific anatomical barriers and populations of specialized immune cells within the central nervous system that function to constrain immunity. Both autoimmune and infectious diseases of the central nervous system provide a wealth of information on how T cells can successfully migrate to the central nervous system and then engender sustained immune responses. In this review, we will examine the commonalities in the efferent arm of immunity to the brain for autoimmunity, infection, and tumor immunotherapy to identify key factors underlying potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Congdon
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Luis A Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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29
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Karin N, Razon H. Chemokines beyond chemo-attraction: CXCL10 and its significant role in cancer and autoimmunity. Cytokine 2018; 109:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Vermillion MS, Ursin RL, Attreed SE, Klein SL. Estriol Reduces Pulmonary Immune Cell Recruitment and Inflammation to Protect Female Mice From Severe Influenza. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3306-3320. [PMID: 30032246 PMCID: PMC6109301 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estriol (E3) is an endogenous estrogen in females with broad biological activity within diverse tissue types. In the context of certain T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory diseases, E3 can ameliorate disease severity through immunomodulatory mechanisms that decrease tissue inflammation. Severe disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection is also characterized by aberrant inflammation and immunopathology. How E3 might affect the pathogenesis of IAV infection, however, has not been explored. Gonadally intact female C57BL/6 mice that were treated with exogenous E3 during infection with mouse-adapted 2009 H1N1 had reduced total pulmonary inflammation and improved disease outcomes compared with females that received no hormone. Furthermore, compared with no hormone treatment, E3 treatment reduced the induction of genes associated with proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the lungs, which preceded clinical disease, reductions in innate immune cell recruitment, altered pulmonary T-cell skewing, and reduced antibody titers during IAV infection. Although E3 treatment was associated with reduced local and systemic anti-influenza adaptive immune responses, there was no effect of E3 on viral replication or clearance. Together, these data suggest that exogenous E3 confers protection during IAV infection through immunomodulatory mechanisms and that E3 may have broad therapeutic potential in the context of both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca L Ursin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Sabra L. Klein, PhD, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. E-mail:
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31
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Karin N. Chemokines and cancer: new immune checkpoints for cancer therapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:140-145. [PMID: 29579623 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on two chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions: CXCL10-CXCR3 and CCL1-CCR8. We show that CXCL10 acts on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity, and explore the translational perspectives of these findings. As for CCR8 very recently, we identified a novel subset of CCR8+CD4+FOXp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) that are major drivers of immune regulation. We observed that one of the four CCR8 ligands, CCL1, produced by these cells, potentiates their suppressive activity via induction of CCR8, FOXp3, CD39, Granzyme-B, and IL-10 in a positive feedback mechanism, making them master drivers of immune regulation. Collectively, this suggests blocking the CCR8-CCL1 interaction, alone or combined with other immune checkpoint inhibitors, as an approach to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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32
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Gutting T, Weber CA, Weidner P, Herweck F, Henn S, Friedrich T, Yin S, Kzhyshkowska J, Gaiser T, Janssen KP, Reindl W, Ebert MPA, Burgermeister E. PPARγ-activation increases intestinal M1 macrophages and mitigates formation of serrated adenomas in mutant KRAS mice. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423168. [PMID: 29721374 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel hubs for cancer immunotherapy, we generated C57BL/6J mice with concomitant deletion of the drugable transcription factor PPARγ and transgenic overexpression of the mutant KRASG12V oncogene in enterocytes. Animals developed epithelial hyperplasia, transmural inflammation and serrated adenomas in the small intestine with infiltration of CD3+ FOXP3+ T-cells and macrophages into the lamina propria of the non-malignant mucosa. Within serrated polyps, CD3+ CD8+ T-cells and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were reduced and the senescence marker P21 and macrophage counts up-regulated, indicative of an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment. Treatment of mutant KRASG12V mice with the PPARγ-agonist rosiglitazone augmented M1 macrophage numbers, reduced IL4 expression and diminished polyp load in mice. Rosiglitazone also promoted M1 polarisation of human THP1-derived macrophages and decreased Il4 mRNA in isolated murine lymphocytes. Thus, inhibition of the oncogenic driver mutant RAS by PPARγ in epithelial and immune cell compartments may be a future target for the prevention or treatment of human malignancies associated with intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gutting
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian A Weber
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Weidner
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Herweck
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Henn
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Teresa Friedrich
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shuiping Yin
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Dept. of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Dept. of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Chen X, Jin R, Chen R, Huang Z. Complementary action of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1036-1045. [PMID: 31938199 PMCID: PMC6958037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) is a class of secreted growth factor that signals through a G-protein coupled receptor. CXCL protein family members play important roles in inflammation and aberrant expression is associated with growth and progression of certain tumors. To explore the expression pattern and action mechanism of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in development of gastric carcinoma (GC), 72 cases of GC and para-carcinoma tissue specimens were used for experimental study, and qPCR was used for analysis on the expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in GC specimens. For in vitro culture of GC cell HGC27, knockout of CXCL1 and CXCL8 genes for GC cell HGC27 was performed through RNA interference, proliferation of HGC27 cells was tested by MTT, apoptosis of HGC27 cells was tested by flow cytometry, and the influence of CXCL1 and CXCL8 on HGC27 cell migration was tested by transwell. CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression level in HGC27 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used for identifying interaction of CXCL1 and CXCL8 with CXCR2 in GC cells. The results show that both CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression were significantly up-regulated. Relevant clinical data showed that low expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 significantly correlated with features for poor prognosis of GC, including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor size, and TNM staging. Down-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL8 may up-regulate expression of each other and thus silencing expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 may significantly inhibit proliferation and migration capabilities of HGC27 cells, and induce the apoptosis. Downregulated CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression in GC cells may significantly intensify interaction of one another and with CXCR2. The above results indicate that CXCL1 and CXCL8 participate in GC proliferation, apoptosis, and migration processes through specific binding with CXCR2 by a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
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Kurosawa M, Arakaki R, Yamada A, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Sprent J, Ishimaru N. NF-κB2 Controls the Migratory Activity of Memory T Cells by Regulating Expression of CXCR4 in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2193-2202. [PMID: 28804991 DOI: 10.1002/art.40230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulated chemokine signaling contributes to autoimmune diseases by facilitating aberrant T cell infiltration into target tissues, but the specific chemokines, receptors, and T cell populations remain largely unidentified. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the potent chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the T cell autoimmune response, using alymphoplasia (aly)/aly mice, a model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS T cell phenotypes in the salivary gland of aly/aly mice were evaluated using immunologic analysis. An in vitro migration assay was used to assess T cell migratory activity toward several chemokines. Gene expression of chemokine receptors and transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was administered to the aly/aly mice in order to evaluate its suppressive effect on autoimmune lesions. RESULTS Effector memory T (TEM) cells derived from aly/aly mice demonstrated higher in vitro migratory activity toward CXCL12 than did TEM cells from aly/+ mice. CXCL12 expression was specifically up-regulated in the SS target cells of aly/aly mice. TEM cells from RelB-/- mice, but not Nfkb1-/- mice, also showed high migratory activity toward CXCL12, implicating a role of the nonclassical RelB/NF-κB2 pathway in the regulation of TEM cell migration. TEM cells from aly/aly mice also overexpressed TGFβR type I (TGFβRI) and TGFβRII. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 suppressed autoimmune lesions in aly/aly mice by reducing TEM cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the RelB/NF-κB2 pathway regulates T cell migration to autoimmune targets through TGFβ/TGFβR-dependent regulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. This suggests that these signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kurosawa
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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He T, Huang Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Cheng C, Xu W, Zhang X. Interleukin-17A-promoted MSC2 polarization related with new bone formation of ankylosing spondylitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96993-97008. [PMID: 29228588 PMCID: PMC5722540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It’s still unknown how over-hyperplasia of tissue such like new bone formation (NBF) developed in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We found low level of IL-17A promoted TLR4+MSC1 polarization with suppressed osteogenic differentiation through JAK2/STAT3 pathway, while high level of IL-17A promoted TLR3+MSC2 polarization with enhanced osteogenic differentiation through WNT10b/RUNX2 pathway. Furthermore, both proteoglycan-induced spondylitis (PGISp) mouse model and AS patients without NBF showed MSC1 polarization, up-regulated JAK2/STAT3 pathway and high level of IL-17A (peripherally, but not locally), but those with NBF showed MSC2 polarization, up-regulated WNT10b/RUNX2 pathway and high expression of IL-17A at local site. Results showed NBF of AS was induced by MSC2 polarization that was promoted by high level of IL-17A, and may be treated by suppressing local MSC2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Denghui Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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36
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Dunst J, Kamena F, Matuschewski K. Cytokines and Chemokines in Cerebral Malaria Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:324. [PMID: 28775960 PMCID: PMC5517394 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is among the major causes of malaria-associated mortality and effective adjunctive therapeutic strategies are currently lacking. Central pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cerebral malaria include an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to Plasmodium infection, endothelial cell activation, and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity. However, the sequence of events, which initiates these pathophysiological processes as well as the contribution of their complex interplay to the development of cerebral malaria remain incompletely understood. Several cytokines and chemokines have repeatedly been associated with cerebral malaria severity. Increased levels of these inflammatory mediators could account for the sequestration of leukocytes in the cerebral microvasculature present during cerebral malaria, thereby contributing to an amplification of local inflammation and promoting cerebral malaria pathogenesis. Herein, we highlight the current knowledge on the contribution of cytokines and chemokines to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria with particular emphasis on their roles in endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment, as well as their implication in the progression to blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation, in both human cerebral malaria and in the murine experimental cerebral malaria model. A better molecular understanding of these processes could provide the basis for evidence-based development of adjunct therapies and the definition of diagnostic markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Dunst
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free UniversityBerlin, Germany.,Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free UniversityBerlin, Germany.,Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free UniversityBerlin, Germany
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Xie Z, Chen J, Zheng C, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu S, Lin C, Cao Q, Zhu J, Jin T. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 -induced dendritic cells suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by increasing proportions of the regulatory lymphocytes and reducing T helper type 1 and type 17 cells. Immunology 2017; 152:414-424. [PMID: 28617989 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a bridge for innate and adaptive immune responses, play a key role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Administration of tolerogenic DCs has been used as an immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases. Deficiency of vitamin D is an environmental risk factor of MS. In this study, we induced tolerogenic DCs by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transferred the tolerogenic DCs (VD3 -DCs) into EAE mice by adoptive transfer. We found that VD3 -DCs inhibited the infiltrations of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells into spinal cord and increased the proportions of regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ ), CD4+ IL-10+ T cells and regulatory B cells (CD19+ CD5+ CD1d+ ) in peripheral immune organs, which resulted in attenuated EAE. However, the proportions of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in spleen and lymph nodes and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IgG in serum also increased after transfer of VD3 -DCs. We conclude that transfer of VD3 -DCs suppressed EAE by increasing proportions of regulatory T cells, CD4+ IL-10+ T cells and regulatory B cells in spleen and reducing infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells into spinal cord, which suggests a possible immunotherapy method using VD3 -DCs in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Xie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenhong Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gallagher SJ, Shklovskaya E, Hersey P. Epigenetic modulation in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:48-56. [PMID: 28609681 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy has been widely heralded. However many cancer patients do not respond to immune checkpoint therapy and some relapse due to acquired tumor resistance. Epigenetic targeting may be beneficial in cancer immunotherapy by reversing immune avoidance and escape mechanisms employed by cancer cells, as well as by modulating immune cell differentiation and function. In this manuscript we review recent findings suggesting how epigenetics may be used to improve cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the inhibitors of the CTLA4 and PD1 immune checkpoints and epigenetic modifiers of histone acetylation and methylation and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Crow's Nest 2065, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Crow's Nest 2065, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Crow's Nest 2065, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
The immune system plays important role in protecting the organism by recognizing non-self molecules from pathogen such as bacteria, parasitic worms, and viruses. When the balance of the host defense system is disturbed, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and inflammation occur. Nucleic acid aptamers are short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA ligands that interact with complementary molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers that target the molecules involved in immune system to modulate their function have great potential to be explored as new diagnostic and therapeutic agents for immune disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of aptamers targeting immune system. The selection of aptamers with superior chemical and biological characteristics will facilitate their application in the diagnosis and treatment of immune disorders.
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40
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Alterations of CXCL12 in Serum of Patients with Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1586-1588. [PMID: 28238843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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CD8+ T Cells and Macrophages Regulate Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01825-16. [PMID: 27795435 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01825-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an important emerging pathogen that was first described in 2012. While the cell surface receptor for MERS-CoV has been identified as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), the mouse DPP4 homologue does not allow virus entry into cells. Therefore, development of mouse models of MERS-CoV has been hampered by the fact that MERS-CoV does not replicate in commonly available mouse strains. We have previously described a mouse model in which mDPP4 was replaced with hDPP4 such that hDPP4 is expressed under the endogenous mDPP4 promoter. In this study, we used this mouse model to analyze the host response to MERS-CoV infection using immunological assays and transcriptome analysis. Depletion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, or macrophages has no effect on MERS-CoV replication in the lungs of infected mice. However, we found that depletion of CD8+ T cells protects and depletion of macrophages exacerbates MERS-CoV-induced pathology and clinical symptoms of disease. Overall, we demonstrate an important role for the inflammatory response in regulating MERS-CoV pathogenesis in vivo IMPORTANCE: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that emerged from zoonotic sources in 2012. Human infections are still occurring throughout Saudi Arabia at a 38% case fatality rate, with the potential for worldwide spread via air travel. In this work, we identify the host response to the virus and identify inflammatory pathways and cell populations that are critical for protection from severe lung disease. By understanding the immune response to MERS-CoV we can develop targeted therapies to inhibit pathogenesis in the future.
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Metzemaekers M, Van Damme J, Mortier A, Proost P. Regulation of Chemokine Activity - A Focus on the Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV/CD26. Front Immunol 2016; 7:483. [PMID: 27891127 PMCID: PMC5104965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small, chemotactic proteins that play a crucial role in leukocyte migration and are, therefore, essential for proper functioning of the immune system. Chemokines exert their chemotactic effect by activation of chemokine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Furthermore, the exact chemokine function is modulated at the level of posttranslational modifications. Among the different types of posttranslational modifications that were found to occur in vitro and in vivo, i.e., proteolysis, citrullination, glycosylation, and nitration, NH2-terminal proteolysis of chemokines has been described most intensively. Since the NH2-terminal chemokine domain mediates receptor interaction, NH2-terminal modification by limited proteolysis or amino acid side chain modification can drastically affect their biological activity. An enzyme that has been shown to provoke NH2-terminal proteolysis of various chemokines is dipeptidyl peptidase IV or CD26. This multifunctional protein is a serine protease that preferably cleaves dipeptides from the NH2-terminal region of peptides and proteins with a proline or alanine residue in the penultimate position. Various chemokines possess such a proline or alanine residue, and CD26-truncated forms of these chemokines have been identified in cell culture supernatant as well as in body fluids. The effects of CD26-mediated proteolysis in the context of chemokines turned out to be highly complex. Depending on the chemokine ligand, loss of these two NH2-terminal amino acids can result in either an increased or a decreased biological activity, enhanced receptor specificity, inactivation of the chemokine ligand, or generation of receptor antagonists. Since chemokines direct leukocyte migration in homeostatic as well as pathophysiologic conditions, CD26-mediated proteolytic processing of these chemotactic proteins may have significant consequences for appropriate functioning of the immune system. After introducing the chemokine family together with the GPCRs and GAGs, as main interaction partners of chemokines, and discussing the different forms of posttranslational modifications, this review will focus on the intriguing relationship of chemokines with the serine protease CD26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Kursunel MA, Esendagli G. The untold story of IFN-γ in cancer biology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tiffen JC, Gallagher SJ, Tseng HY, Filipp FV, Fazekas de St. Groth B, Hersey P. EZH2 as a mediator of treatment resistance in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:500-7. [PMID: 27063195 PMCID: PMC5021620 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct treatments of cancer such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy have been shown to depend on recruitment of the immune system for their effectiveness. Recent studies have shown that development of resistance to direct therapies such as BRAF inhibitors in melanoma is associated with suppression of immune responses. We point to emerging data that implicate activation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and its catalytic component-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-in progression of melanoma and suppression of immune responses. EZH2 appears to have an important role in differentiation of CD4 T cells and particularly in the function of T regulatory cells, which suppress immune responses to melanoma. We review mechanisms of EZH2 activation at the genomic level and from activation of the MAP kinase, E2F or NF-kB2 pathways. These studies are consistent with activation of EZH2 as a common mechanism for induction of immune suppression in patients failing direct therapies and suggest EZH2 inhibitors may have a role in combination with immunotherapy and targeted therapies to prevent development of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamy C Tiffen
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabian V Filipp
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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45
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Zhang H, Ye ZL, Yuan ZG, Luo ZQ, Jin HJ, Qian QJ. New Strategies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors with CAR-T Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:718-29. [PMID: 27194949 PMCID: PMC4870715 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. Meanwhile, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity caused by relative expression of target on normal tissues is another issue that should be reckoned. Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Long Ye
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Yuan
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Luo
- 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hua-Jun Jin
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qi-Jun Qian
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;; 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;; 3. Ningbo NO.5 Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Ningbo 315201, China
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