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Olali AZ, Wallace J, Gonzalez H, Carpenter KA, Patel N, Winchester LC, Podany AT, Venkatesh I, Narasipura SD, Al-Harthi L, Ross RD. The anti-HIV drug abacavir stimulates β-catenin activity in osteoblast lineage cells. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae037. [PMID: 38590756 PMCID: PMC11001392 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) loss in people living with HIV occurs with the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), particularly with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) containing cART. Switching from TDF to abacavir (ABC) or dolutegravir (DTG) leads to increased BMD. Whether BMD gains are due to cessation of TDF or anabolic effects of ABC or DTG is unclear. We investigated the effects of ABC and DTG on osteoblast lineage cells in vitro and in vivo. Primary human osteoblasts and male C57BL/6 mice were treated with individual antiretrovirals (ARVs) or a combination of ABC/DTG/lamivudine (3TC). Nearly all ARVs and cART inhibited osteogenic activity in vitro. Due to the importance of Wnt/β-catenin in bone formation, we further investigated ARV effects on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ABC, alone and as part of ABC/DTG/3TC, increased osteoblastic β-catenin activity as indicated by increased TOPFlash activity, hypo-phosphorylated (active) β-catenin staining, and β-catenin targeted gene expression. Mice treated with TDF had decreased lumbar spine BMD and trabecular connectivity density in the vertebrae, while those treated with ABC/DTG/3TC reduced cortical area and thickness in the femur. Mice treated with ABC alone had no bone structural changes, increased circulating levels of the bone formation marker, P1NP, and elevated expression of the Wnt/β-catenin target gene, Lef1, in osteocyte enriched samples. Further, bones from ARV-treated mice were isolated to evaluate ARV distribution. All ARVs were detected in the bone tissue, which was inclusive of bone marrow, but when bone marrow was removed, only TDF, ABC, and DTG were detected at ~0.1% of the circulating levels. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ABC activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but whether this leads to increased bone formation requires further study. Assessing the impact of ARVs on bone is critical to informing ARV selection and/or discovery of regimens that do not negatively impact the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Z Olali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Hemil Gonzalez
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Niyati Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Lee C Winchester
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Anthony T Podany
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Ishwarya Venkatesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drug Discovery Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Srinivas D Narasipura
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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2
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Pereira MVA, Galvani RG, Gonçalves-Silva T, de Vasconcelo ZFM, Bonomo A. Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379376. [PMID: 38690280 PMCID: PMC11058666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is traditionally classified as a defense system that can discriminate between self and non-self or dangerous and non-dangerous situations, unleashing a tolerogenic reaction or immune response. These activities are mainly coordinated by the interaction between innate and adaptive cells that act together to eliminate harmful stimuli and keep tissue healthy. However, healthy tissue is not always the end point of an immune response. Much evidence has been accumulated over the years, showing that the immune system has complex, diversified, and integrated functions that converge to maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the absence of aggression, interacting with the tissue cells and allowing the functional maintenance of that tissue. One of the main cells known for their function in helping the immune response through the production of cytokines is CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cytokines produced by the different subtypes act not only on immune cells but also on tissue cells. Considering that tissues have specific mediators in their architecture, it is plausible that the presence and frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes of specific subtypes (Th1, Th2, Th17, and others) maintain tissue homeostasis. In situations where homeostasis is disrupted, such as infections, allergies, inflammatory processes, and cancer, local CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to this disruption and, as in the healthy tissue, towards the equilibrium of tissue dynamics. CD4+ T lymphocytes can be manipulated by tumor cells to promote tumor development and metastasis, making them a prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the function of tissue-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential in developing new strategies for treating tissue-specific diseases, as occurs in cancer. In this context, this article reviews the evidence for this hypothesis regarding the phenotypes and functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and compares their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis in different organs in a steady state and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. A. Pereira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelo
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Favaloro J, Bryant CE, Abadir E, Gardiner S, Yang S, King T, Nassif N, Sedger LM, Boyle R, Joshua DE, Ho PJ. Single-cell analysis of the CD8 + T-cell compartment in multiple myeloma reveals disease specific changes are chiefly restricted to a CD69 - subset suggesting potent cytotoxic effectors exist within the tumor bed. Haematologica 2024; 109:1220-1232. [PMID: 37794800 PMCID: PMC10985429 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease of the bone marrow (BM) characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. While CD8+ T cells have an established role in disease control, few studies have focused on these cells within the MM tumor microenvironment (TME). We analyzed CD8+ T cells in the BM and peripheral blood (PB) of untreated patients with MM and non-myeloma controls using flow cytometry, mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, using several novel bioinformatics workflows. Inter-tissue differences were most evident in the differential expression of Granzymes B and K, which were strongly associated with two distinct subsets of CD8+ T cells delineated by the expression of CD69, accounting for roughly 50% of BM-CD8+ T cells of all assessed cohorts. While few differences were observable between health and disease in the BM-restricted CD8CD69+ T-cell subset, the CD8+CD69- T-cell subset in the BM of untreated MM patients demonstrated increased representation of highly differentiated effector cells and evident compositional parallels between the PB, absent in age-matched controls, where a marked reduction of effector cells was observed. We demonstrate the transcriptional signature of BM-CD8+ T cells from patients with MM more closely resembles TCR-activated CD8+ T cells from age-matched controls than their resting counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Favaloro
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW.
| | - Christian E Bryant
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
| | - Edward Abadir
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Samuel Gardiner
- Sydney Local Health District Clinical Research Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Shihong Yang
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Tracy King
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Najah Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW
| | - Lisa M Sedger
- Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital. Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Virus research, Westmead Institute for Medical research. Westmead NSW, Sydney
| | - Richard Boyle
- Orthopaedics Department, Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Douglas E Joshua
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - P Joy Ho
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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4
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Vo MC, Jung SH, Nguyen VT, Tran VDH, Ruzimurodov N, Kim SK, Nguyen XH, Kim M, Song GY, Ahn SY, Ahn JS, Yang DH, Kim HJ, Lee JJ. Exploring cellular immunotherapy platforms in multiple myeloma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27892. [PMID: 38524535 PMCID: PMC10957441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in therapeutic platforms, most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) eventually relapse and succumb to the disease. Among the novel therapeutic options developed over the past decade, genetically engineered T cells have a great deal of potential. Cellular immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are rapidly becoming an effective therapeutic modality for MM. Marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) derived from the bone marrow of patients with MM are a novel source of T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy, which robustly and specifically target myeloma cells. In this review, we examine the recent innovations in cellular immunotherapies, including the use of dendritic cells, and cellular tools based on MILs, natural killer (NK) cells, and CAR T cells, which hold promise for improving the efficacy and/or reducing the toxicity of treatment in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Cuong Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Tan Nguyen
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Dinh-Huan Tran
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nodirjon Ruzimurodov
- Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
| | - Sang Ki Kim
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Hi-Tech Center and Vinmec-VinUni Institute of Immunology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mihee Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Song
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hwan Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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5
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Andresen AMS, Taylor RS, Grimholt U, Daniels RR, Sun J, Dobie R, Henderson NC, Martin SAM, Macqueen DJ, Fosse JH. Mapping the cellular landscape of Atlantic salmon head kidney by single cell and single nucleus transcriptomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109357. [PMID: 38181891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics is the current gold standard for global gene expression profiling, not only in mammals and model species, but also in non-model fish species. This is a rapidly expanding field, creating a deeper understanding of tissue heterogeneity and the distinct functions of individual cells, making it possible to explore the complexities of immunology and gene expression on a highly resolved level. In this study, we compared two single cell transcriptomic approaches to investigate cellular heterogeneity within the head kidney of healthy farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We compared 14,149 cell transcriptomes assayed by single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) with 18,067 nuclei transcriptomes captured by single nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-seq). Both approaches detected eight major cell populations in common: granulocytes, heamatopoietic stem cells, erythrocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, thrombocytes, B cells, NK-like cells, and T cells. Four additional cell types, endothelial, epithelial, interrenal, and mesenchymal cells, were detected in the snRNA-seq dataset, but appeared to be lost during preparation of the single cell suspension submitted for scRNA-seq library generation. We identified additional heterogeneity and subpopulations within the B cells, T cells, and endothelial cells, and revealed developmental trajectories of heamatopoietic stem cells into differentiated granulocyte and mononuclear phagocyte populations. Gene expression profiles of B cell subtypes revealed distinct IgM and IgT-skewed resting B cell lineages and provided insights into the regulation of B cell lymphopoiesis. The analysis revealed eleven T cell sub-populations, displaying a level of T cell heterogeneity in salmon head kidney comparable to that observed in mammals, including distinct subsets of cd4/cd8-negative T cells, such as tcrγ positive, progenitor-like, and cytotoxic cells. Although snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq were both useful to resolve cell type-specific expression in the Atlantic salmon head kidney, the snRNA-seq pipeline was overall more robust in identifying several cell types and subpopulations. While scRNA-seq displayed higher levels of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, snRNA-seq captured more transcription factor genes. However, only scRNA-seq-generated data was useful for cell trajectory inference within the myeloid lineage. In conclusion, this study systematically outlines the relative merits of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq in Atlantic salmon, enhances understanding of teleost immune cell lineages, and provides a comprehensive list of markers for identifying major cell populations in the head kidney with significant immune relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard S Taylor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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6
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Parwani KK, Branella GM, Burnham RE, Burnham AJ, Bustamante AYS, Foppiani EM, Knight KA, Petrich BG, Horwitz EM, Doering CB, Spencer HT. Directing the migration of serum-free, ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331322. [PMID: 38487542 PMCID: PMC10937339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells represent a promising cancer therapy platform because the implementation of allogenic, off-the-shelf product candidates is possible. However, intravenous administration of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells manufactured under good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant, serum-free conditions are not tested easily in most mouse models, mainly because they lack the ability to migrate from the blood to tissues or tumors. We demonstrate that these T cells do not migrate from the circulation to the mouse bone marrow (BM), the site of many malignancies. Thus, there is a need to better characterize human γδ T-cell migration in vivo and develop strategies to direct these cells to in vivo sites of therapeutic interest. To better understand the migration of these cells and possibly influence their migration, NSG mice were conditioned with agents to clear BM cellular compartments, i.e., busulfan or total body irradiation (TBI), or promote T-cell migration to inflamed BM, i.e., incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), prior to administering γδ T cells. Conditioning with TBI, unlike busulfan or IFA, increases the percentage and number of γδ T cells accumulating in the mouse BM, and cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and BM display identical surface protein profiles. To better understand the mechanism by which cells migrate to the BM, mice were conditioned with TBI and administered γδ T cells or tracker-stained red blood cells. The mechanism by which γδ T cells enter the BM after radiation is passive migration from the circulation, not homing. We tested if these ex vivo-expanded cells can migrate based on chemokine expression patterns and showed that it is possible to initiate homing by utilizing highly expressed chemokine receptors on the expanded γδ T cells. γδ T cells highly express CCR2, which provides chemokine attraction to C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-expressing cells. IFNγ-primed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) (γMSCs) express CCL2, and we developed in vitro and in vivo models to test γδ T-cell homing to CCL2-expressing cells. Using an established neuroblastoma NSG mouse model, we show that intratumorally-injected γMSCs increase the homing of γδ T cells to this tumor. These studies provide insight into the migration of serum-free, ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in NSG mice, which is critical to understanding the fundamental properties of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Parwani
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gianna M Branella
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rebecca E Burnham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andre J Burnham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Austre Y Schiaffino Bustamante
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kristopher A Knight
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Rueda AD, Salvador-Martínez I, Sospedra-Arrufat I, Alcaina-Caro A, Fernández-Miñán A, Burgos-Ruiz AM, Cases I, Mohedano A, Tena JJ, Heyn H, Lopez-Rios J, Nusspaumer G. The cellular landscape of the endochondral bone during the transition to extrauterine life. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:131-148. [PMID: 38184783 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The cellular complexity of the endochondral bone underlies its essential and pleiotropic roles during organismal life. While the adult bone has received significant attention, we still lack a deep understanding of the perinatal bone cellulome. Here, we have profiled the full composition of the murine endochondral bone at the single-cell level during the transition from fetal to newborn life and in comparison with the adult tissue, with particular emphasis on the mesenchymal compartment. The perinatal bone contains different fibroblastic clusters with blastema-like characteristics in organizing and supporting skeletogenesis, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Our data also suggest dynamic inter- and intra-compartment interactions, as well as a bone marrow milieu that seems prone to anti-inflammation, which we hypothesize is necessary to ensure the proper program of lymphopoiesis and the establishment of central and peripheral tolerance in early life. Our study provides an integrative roadmap for the future design of genetic and cellular functional assays to validate cellular interactions and lineage relationships within the perinatal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Díaz Rueda
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Irepan Salvador-Martínez
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Sospedra-Arrufat
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaina-Caro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Miñán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Burgos-Ruiz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Cases
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Mohedano
- Intensive Care Unit, Severo Ochoa University Hospital Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Tena
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez-Rios
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
- Universidad Loyola Andalucía, School of Health Sciences, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain
| | - Gretel Nusspaumer
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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8
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Alexander KL, Ford ML. The Entangled World of Memory T Cells and Implications in Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:137-147. [PMID: 37271872 PMCID: PMC10696133 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells that are specific for alloantigen can arise from a variety of stimuli, ranging from direct allogeneic sensitization from prior transplantation, blood transfusion, or pregnancy to the elicitation of pathogen-specific T cells that are cross-reactive with alloantigen. Regardless of the mechanism by which they arise, alloreactive memory T cells possess key metabolic, phenotypic, and functional properties that render them distinct from naive T cells. These properties affect the immune response to transplantation in 2 important ways: first, they can alter the speed, location, and effector mechanisms with which alloreactive T cells mediate allograft rejection, and second, they can alter T-cell susceptibility to immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding these properties of memory T cells and their implications for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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9
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Herd CL, Mellet J, Mashingaidze T, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163012. [PMID: 37497228 PMCID: PMC10366613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the bone marrow niche resulting from the direct and indirect effects of HIV infection contributes to haematological abnormalities observed in HIV patients. The bone marrow niche is a complex, multicellular environment which functions primarily in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). These adult stem cells are responsible for replacing blood and immune cells over the course of a lifetime. Cells of the bone marrow niche support HSPCs and help to orchestrate the quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation of HSPCs through chemical and molecular signals and cell-cell interactions. This narrative review discusses the HIV-associated dysregulation of the bone marrow niche, as well as the susceptibility of HSPCs to infection by HIV.
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10
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Omidvari N, Jones T, Price PM, Ferre AL, Lu J, Abdelhafez YG, Sen F, Cohen SH, Schmiedehausen K, Badawi RD, Shacklett BL, Wilson I, Cherry SR. First-in-human immunoPET imaging of COVID-19 convalescent patients using dynamic total-body PET and a CD8-targeted minibody. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.14.23287121. [PMID: 36993568 PMCID: PMC10055575 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.23287121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
With the majority of CD8+ T cells residing and functioning in tissue, not blood, developing noninvasive methods for in vivo quantification of their biodistribution and kinetics in humans offers the means for studying their key role in adaptive immune response and memory. This study is the first report on using positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic imaging and compartmental kinetic modeling for in vivo measurement of whole-body biodistribution of CD8+ T cells in human subjects. For this, a 89Zr-labeled minibody with high affinity for human CD8 (89Zr-Df-Crefmirlimab) was used with total-body PET in healthy subjects (N=3) and in COVID-19 convalescent patients (N=5). The high detection sensitivity, total-body coverage, and the use of dynamic scans enabled the study of kinetics simultaneously in spleen, bone marrow, liver, lungs, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils, at reduced radiation doses compared to prior studies. Analysis and modeling of the kinetics was consistent with T cell trafficking effects expected from immunobiology of lymphoid organs, suggesting early uptake in spleen and bone marrow followed by redistribution and delayed increasing uptake in lymph nodes, tonsils, and thymus. Tissue-to-blood ratios from the first 7 h of CD8-targeted imaging showed significantly higher values in the bone marrow of COVID-19 patients compared to controls, with an increasing trend between 2 and 6 months post-infection, consistent with net influx rates obtained by kinetic modeling and flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples. These results provide the platform for using dynamic PET scans and kinetic modelling to study total-body immunological response and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Omidvari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Terry Jones
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Pat M Price
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London; London, United Kingdom
| | - April L Ferre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yasser G Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sen
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Stuart H Cohen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Ramsey D Badawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Barbara L Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Simon R Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis; Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center; Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Costa MD, Donner S, Bertrand J, Pop OL, Lohmann CH. Hypersensitivity and lymphocyte activation after total hip arthroplasty. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 52:214-221. [PMID: 36820851 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become a standard procedure with many benefits but also a few still unsolved complications, which can lead to surgical revision in 19-23% of cases. Thus, aseptic loosening and metal hypersensitivity remain challenges. The phenomenon of wear debris causes chronic inflammation, which produces osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Wear debris promotes osteoclast production and inhibits osteoblasts by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Micro-abrasions can be induced by abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear and cause a liberation of metal ions, which lead to another immune response elicited mostly by macrophages. Another reaction in the neocapsule can be a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to various alloys, containing metals such as nickel, cobalt and chromium. Patch testing and the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) are not the best diagnostic possibilities to exclude a postoperative hypersensitivity reaction, because of the different alignment of the epicutaneous cells compared to the periprosthetic deep tissue. This hypersensitivity reaction is mostly induced by cytokines, which are secreted by macrophages rather than lymphocytes. In cell cultures and in animal studies, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to play a role in improving initial implant integration, to limit periprosthetic osteolysis and also to reconstitute peri-implant bone stock during implant revision. Thus, MSC might be used in the future to prolong the durability of THA. A better understanding of the interactions between primary chronic inflammation, corrosion, osteolysis and hypersensitivity is mandatory to develop new therapeutic strategies, aiming at the reduction of the incidence of implant failures. In this article the underlying immunological mechanisms to aseptic loosening are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian D Costa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Stefanie Donner
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ovidiu-Laurean Pop
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Natalini A, Simonetti S, Favaretto G, Lucantonio L, Peruzzi G, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Kelly G, Contino AM, Sbrocchi R, Battella S, Capone S, Folgori A, Nicosia A, Santoni A, Hayday AC, Di Rosa F. Improved memory CD8 T cell response to delayed vaccine boost is associated with a distinct molecular signature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1043631. [PMID: 36865556 PMCID: PMC9973452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective secondary response to antigen is a hallmark of immunological memory. However, the extent of memory CD8 T cell response to secondary boost varies at different times after a primary response. Considering the central role of memory CD8 T cells in long-lived protection against viral infections and tumors, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the changing responsiveness of these cells to antigenic challenge would be beneficial. We examined here primed CD8 T cell response to boost in a BALB/c mouse model of intramuscular vaccination by priming with HIV-1 gag-encoding Chimpanzee adenovector, and boosting with HIV-1 gag-encoding Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara. We found that boost was more effective at day(d)100 than at d30 post-prime, as evaluated at d45 post-boost by multi-lymphoid organ assessment of gag-specific CD8 T cell frequency, CD62L-expression (as a guide to memory status) and in vivo killing. RNA-sequencing of splenic gag-primed CD8 T cells at d100 revealed a quiescent, but highly responsive signature, that trended toward a central memory (CD62L+) phenotype. Interestingly, gag-specific CD8 T cell frequency selectively diminished in the blood at d100, relative to the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. These results open the possibility to modify prime/boost intervals to achieve an improved memory CD8 T cell secondary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Favaretto
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lucantonio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatic and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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13
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Treiner E. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hematological malignancies: Current knowledge, pending questions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160943. [PMID: 37020559 PMCID: PMC10067713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-classical HLA restricted T cell subsets such as γδ T and NK-T cells are showing promises for immune-based therapy of hematological malignancies. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) belong to this family of innate-like T cell subsets and are the focus of many studies on infectious diseases, owing to their unusual recognition of bacterial/fungal metabolites. Their ability to produce type 1 cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα) as well as cytotoxic effector molecules endows them with potential anti-tumor functions. However, their contribution to tumor surveillance in solid cancers is unclear, and only few studies have specifically focused on MAIT cells in blood cancers. In this review, we wish to recapitulate our current knowledge on MAIT cells biology in hematological neoplasms, at diagnosis and/or during treatment, as well as tentative approaches to target them as therapeutic tools. We also wish to take this opportunity to briefly elaborate on what we think are important question to address in this field, as well as potential limitations to overcome in order to make MAIT cells the basis of future, novel therapies for hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Treiner
- Infinity, Inserm UMR1291, Toulouse, France
- University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Treiner,
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14
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IL-13/IL-4 signaling contributes to fibrotic progression of the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2022; 140:2805-2817. [PMID: 36283106 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a disease associated with high unmet medical needs because allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not an option for most patients, and JAK inhibitors are generally effective for only 2 to 3 years and do not delay disease progression. MF is characterized by dysplastic megakaryocytic hyperplasia and progression to fulminant disease, which is associated with progressively increasing marrow fibrosis. Despite evidence that the inflammatory milieu in MF contributes to disease progression, the specific factors that promote megakaryocyte growth are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the cytokine profiles of MF mouse models before and after the development of fibrosis, coupled with the analysis of bone marrow populations using single-cell RNA sequencing. We found high interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels in the bone marrow of MF mice. IL-13 promoted the growth of mutant megakaryocytes and induced surface expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen biosynthesis. Similarly, analysis of samples from patients with MF revealed elevated levels of IL-13 in the plasma and increased IL-13 receptor expression in marrow megakaryocytes. In vivo, IL-13 overexpression promoted disease progression, whereas reducing IL-13/IL-4 signaling reduced several features of the disease, including fibrosis. Finally, we observed an increase in the number of marrow T cells and mast cells, which are known sources of IL-13. Together, our data demonstrate that IL-13 is involved in disease progression in MF and that inhibition of the IL-13/IL-4 signaling pathway might serve as a novel therapeutic target to treat MF.
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15
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Vozilova AV, Akleyev AV. Approaches to Cytogenetic Assessment of the Dose due to Radiation Exposure of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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16
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Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, Stuecker W. Counteracting Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment by Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus and Cellular Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13050. [PMID: 36361831 PMCID: PMC9655431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An apparent paradox exists between the evidence for spontaneous systemic T cell- mediated anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients, observed particularly in their bone marrow, and local tumor growth in the periphery. This phenomenon, known as "concomitant immunity" suggests that the local tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME) prevent systemic antitumor immunity to become effective. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an agent with inherent anti-neoplastic and immune stimulatory properties, is capable of breaking therapy resistance and immunosuppression. This review updates latest information about immunosuppression by the TME and discusses mechanisms of how oncolytic viruses, in particular NDV, and cellular immunotherapy can counteract the immunosuppressive effect of the TME. With regard to cellular immunotherapy, the review presents pre-clinical studies of post-operative active-specific immunotherapy and of adoptive T cell-mediated therapy in immunocompetent mice. Memory T cell (MTC) transfer in tumor challenged T cell-deficient nu/nu mice demonstrates longevity and functionality of these cells. Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) studies in mice demonstrate complete remission of late-stage disease including metastases and cachexia. T cell based immunotherapy studies with human cells in human tumor xenotransplanted NOD/SCID mice demonstrate superiority of bone marrow-derived as compared to blood-derived MTCs. Results from clinical studies presented include vaccination studies using two different types of NDV-modified cancer vaccine and a pilot adoptive T-cell mediated therapy study using re-activated bone marrow-derived cancer-reactive MTCs. As an example for what can be expected from clinical immunotherapy against tumors with an immunosuppressive TME, results from vaccination studies are presented from the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme. The last decades of basic research in virology, oncology and immunology can be considered as a success story. Based on discoveries of these research areas, translational research and clinical studies have changed the way of treatment of cancer by introducing and including immunotherapy.
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17
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Yi L, Yang L. Stem-like T cells and niches: Implications in human health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907172. [PMID: 36059484 PMCID: PMC9428355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has elucidated the important role of T cells with stem-like characteristics in long-term maintenance of T cell responses and better patient outcomes after immunotherapy. The fate of TSL cells has been correlated with many physiological and pathological human processes. In this review, we described present advances demonstrating that stem-like T (TSL) cells are central players in human health and disease. We interpreted the evolutionary characteristics, mechanism and functions of TSL cells. Moreover, we discuss the import role of distinct niches and how they affect the stemness of TSL cells. Furthermore, we also outlined currently available strategies to generate TSL cells and associated affecting factors. Moreover, we summarized implication of TSL cells in therapies in two areas: stemness enhancement for vaccines, ICB, and adoptive T cell therapies, and stemness disruption for autoimmune disorders.
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18
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Barakos GP, Hatzimichael E. Microenvironmental Features Driving Immune Evasion in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020033. [PMID: 35735633 PMCID: PMC9221594 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, besides the known functions of hematopoiesis, is an active organ of the immune system, functioning as a sanctuary for several mature immune cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (the bone marrow’s functional unit) are capable of directly sensing and responding to an array of exogenous stimuli. This chronic immune stimulation is harmful to normal hematopoietic stem cells, while essential for the propagation of myeloid diseases, which show a dysregulated immune microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory activity and immune dysfunction, that drive excessive cellular death and through immune evasion assist in cancer cell expansion. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is another example of immune response failure, with features that augment immune evasion and suppression. In this review, we will outline some of the functions of the bone marrow with immunological significance and describe the alterations in the immune landscape of MDS and AML that drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petros Barakos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio”, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ding P, Tan Q, Wei Z, Chen Q, Wang C, Qi L, Wen L, Zhang C, Yao C. Toll-like receptor 9 deficiency induces osteoclastic bone loss via gut microbiota-associated systemic chronic inflammation. Bone Res 2022; 10:42. [PMID: 35624094 PMCID: PMC9142495 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links between the immune and skeletal systems. Although the activation of TLRs may affect osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism, whether and how TLRs are required for normal bone remodeling remains to be fully explored. In the current study, we show for the first time that TLR9-/- mice exhibit a low bone mass and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, which is characterized by the expansion of CD4+ T cells and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, RANKL, and IL1β. The increased levels of these cytokines significantly promote osteoclastogenesis and induce bone loss. Importantly, TLR9 deletion alters the gut microbiota, and this dysbiosis is the basis of the systemic inflammation and bone loss observed in TLR9-/- mice. Furthermore, through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified myeloid-biased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of TLR9-/- mice and determined that the increase in myelopoiesis, likely caused by the adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells to systemic inflammation, also contributes to inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss in TLR9-/- mice. Thus, our study provides novel evidence that TLR9 signaling connects the gut microbiota, immune system, and bone and is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of inflammation, hematopoiesis, and bone metabolism under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanying Wei
- Department of Osteoporosis and Skeletal Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Skeletal Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyue Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Ellis GI, Coker KE, Winn DW, Deng MZ, Shukla D, Bhoj V, Milone MC, Wang W, Liu C, Naji A, Duran-Struuck R, Riley JL. Trafficking and persistence of alloantigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells in Cynomolgus macaque. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100614. [PMID: 35551746 PMCID: PMC9133392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells (CAR Tregs) is a promising way to prevent allograft loss without the morbidity associated with current therapies. Non-human primates (NHPs) are a clinically relevant model to develop transplant regimens, but manufacturing and engraftment of NHP CAR Tregs have not been demonstrated yet. Here, we describe a culture system that massively expands CAR Tregs specific for the Bw6 alloantigen. In vitro, these Tregs suppress in an antigen-specific manner without pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion or cytotoxicity. In vivo, Bw6-specific CAR Tregs preferentially traffic to and persist in bone marrow for at least 1 month. Following transplant of allogeneic Bw6+ islets and autologous CAR Tregs into the bone marrow of diabetic recipients, CAR Tregs traffic to the site of islet transplantation and maintain a phenotype of suppressive Tregs. Our results establish a framework for the optimization of CAR Treg therapy in NHP disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin I. Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly E. Coker
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Delaine W. Winn
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mosha Z. Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divanshu Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vijay Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C. Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author
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21
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CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Gray KJ, Gibbs JE. Adaptive immunity, chronic inflammation and the clock. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:209-224. [PMID: 35233691 PMCID: PMC8901482 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive arm of the immune system facilitates recognition of specific foreign pathogens and, via the action of T and B lymphocytes, induces a fine-tuned response to target the pathogen and develop immunological memory. The functionality of the adaptive immune system exhibits daily 24-h variation both in homeostatic processes (such as lymphocyte trafficking and development of T lymphocyte subsets) and in responses to challenge. Here, we discuss how the circadian clock exerts influence over the function of the adaptive immune system, considering the roles of cell intrinsic clockwork machinery and cell extrinsic rhythmic signals. Inappropriate or misguided actions of the adaptive immune system can lead to development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis. Growing evidence indicates that disturbance of the circadian clock has negative impact on development and progression of these chronic inflammatory diseases and we examine current understanding of clock-immune interactions in the setting of these inflammatory conditions. A greater appreciation of circadian control of adaptive immunity will facilitate further understanding of mechanisms driving daily variation in disease states and drive improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Gray
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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23
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Gitto S, Natalini A, Antonangeli F, Di Rosa F. The Emerging Interplay Between Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Cancer Immunity: Lessons Learned From PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Therapy and Remaining Gaps. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755304. [PMID: 34867987 PMCID: PMC8640962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the field of anti-tumor immunity, nevertheless many questions are still open. Thus, even though memory T cells have been implicated in long-term anti-tumor protection, particularly in prevention of cancer recurrence, the bases of their variable effectiveness in tumor patients are poorly understood. Two types of memory T cells have been described according to their traffic pathways: recirculating and tissue-resident memory T cells. Recirculating tumor-specific memory T cells are found in the cell infiltrate of solid tumors, in the lymph and in the peripheral blood, and they constantly migrate in and out of lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Tissue-resident tumor-specific memory T cells (TRM) permanently reside in the tumor, providing local protection. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1, a type of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, can considerably re-invigorate T cell response and lead to successful tumor control, even in patients at advanced stages. Indeed, ICB has led to unprecedented successes against many types of cancers, starting a ground-breaking revolution in tumor therapy. Unfortunately, not all patients are responsive to such treatment, thus further improvements are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying resistance to ICB are still largely unknown. A better knowledge of the dynamics of the immune response driven by the two types of memory T cells before and after anti-PD-1/PD-L1 would provide important insights on the variability of the outcomes. This would be instrumental to design new treatments to overcome resistance. Here we provide an overview of T cell contribution to immunity against solid tumors, focusing on memory T cells. We summarize recent evidence on the involvement of recirculating memory T cells and TRM in anti-PD-1/PD-L1-elicited antitumor immunity, outline the open questions in the field, and propose that a synergic action of the two types of memory T cells is required to achieve a full response. We argue that a T-centric vision focused on the specific roles and the possible interplay between TRM and recirculating memory T cells will lead to a better understanding of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism of action, and provide new tools for improving ICB therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gitto
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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24
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Chang MH, Levescot A, Nelson-Maney N, Blaustein RB, Winden KD, Morris A, Wactor A, Balu S, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Wei K, Henderson LA, Iwakura Y, Clark RA, Rao DA, Fuhlbrigge RC, Nigrovic PA. Arthritis flares mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells in the joint. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109902. [PMID: 34706228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease, but disease flares typically affect only a subset of joints, distributed in a distinctive pattern for each patient. Pursuing this intriguing pattern, we show that arthritis recurrence is mediated by long-lived synovial resident memory T cells (TRM). In three murine models, CD8+ cells bearing TRM markers remain in previously inflamed joints during remission. These cells are bona fide TRM, exhibiting a failure to migrate between joints, preferential uptake of fatty acids, and long-term residency. Disease flares result from TRM activation by antigen, leading to CCL5-mediated recruitment of circulating effector cells. Correspondingly, TRM depletion ameliorates recurrence in a site-specific manner. Human rheumatoid arthritis joint tissues contain a comparable CD8+-predominant TRM population, which is most evident in late-stage leukocyte-poor synovium, exhibiting limited T cell receptor diversity and a pro-inflammatory transcriptomic signature. Together, these findings establish synovial TRM as a targetable mediator of disease chronicity in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel B Blaustein
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kellen D Winden
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allyn Morris
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Wactor
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spoorthi Balu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren A Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Animal Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Coleman MJ, Zimmerly KM, Yang XO. Accumulation of CD28 null Senescent T-Cells Is Associated with Poorer Outcomes in COVID19 Patients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101425. [PMID: 34680058 PMCID: PMC8533086 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes infectious disease, and manifests in a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe illness and even death. Severity of infection is related to many risk factors, including aging and an array of underlying conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. It remains poorly understood how these conditions influence the severity of COVID-19. Expansion of the CD28null senescent T-cell populations, a common phenomenon in aging and several chronic inflammatory conditions, is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates in COVID-19. Here, we summarize the potential mechanisms whereby CD28null cells drive adverse outcomes in disease and predispose patients to devastating COVID-19, and discuss possible treatments for individuals with high counts of CD28null senescent T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
- Class of 2023, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kourtney M. Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Nicholls J, Cao B, Le Texier L, Xiong LY, Hunter CR, Llanes G, Aguliar EG, Schroder WA, Phipps S, Lynch JP, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Clouston AD, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Nilsson SK, Blazar BR, MacDonald KPA. Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells Are a Unique Population, Supported by Niche-Specific Cytokines and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and Required for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737880. [PMID: 34631716 PMCID: PMC8493124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution is essential for reestablishing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis following stem-cell transplantation. We previously reported that bone marrow (BM) is highly enriched in autophagy-dependent Treg and autophagy disruption leads to a significant Treg loss, particularly BM-Treg. To correct the known Treg deficiency observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients, low dose IL-2 infusion has been administered, substantially increasing peripheral Treg (pTreg) numbers. However, as clinical responses were only seen in ∼50% of patients, we postulated that pTreg augmentation was more robust than for BM-Treg. We show that BM-Treg and pTreg have distinct characteristics, indicated by differential transcriptome expression for chemokine receptors, transcription factors, cell cycle control of replication and genes linked to Treg function. Further, BM-Treg were more quiescent, expressed lower FoxP3, were highly enriched for co-inhibitory markers and more profoundly depleted than splenic Treg in cGVHD mice. In vivo our data are consistent with the BM and not splenic microenvironment is, at least in part, driving this BM-Treg signature, as adoptively transferred splenic Treg that entered the BM niche acquired a BM-Treg phenotype. Analyses identified upregulated expression of IL-9R, IL-33R, and IL-7R in BM-Treg. Administration of the T cell produced cytokine IL-2 was required by splenic Treg expansion but had no impact on BM-Treg, whereas the converse was true for IL-9 administration. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the BM also may contribute to BM-Treg maintenance. Using pDC-specific BDCA2-DTR mice in which diptheria toxin administration results in global pDC depletion, we demonstrate that pDC depletion hampers BM, but not splenic, Treg homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that BM-Treg and splenic Treg are phenotypically and functionally distinct and influenced by niche-specific mediators that selectively support their respective Treg populations. The unique properties of BM-Treg should be considered for new therapies to reconstitute Treg and reestablish tolerance following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laetitia Le Texier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Yan Xiong
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hunter
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis Llanes
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan G. Aguliar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y. Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M. Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K. Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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27
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The Bone Marrow as Sanctuary for Plasma Cells and Memory T-Cells: Implications for Adaptive Immunity and Vaccinology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061508. [PMID: 34203839 PMCID: PMC8232593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is key to protective immunological memory because it harbors a major fraction of the body’s plasma cells, memory CD4+ and memory CD8+ T-cells. Despite its paramount significance for the human immune system, many aspects of how the BM enables decade-long immunity against pathogens are still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the relationship between BM survival niches and long-lasting humoral immunity, how intrinsic and extrinsic factors define memory cell longevity and show that the BM is also capable of adopting many responsibilities of a secondary lymphoid organ. Additionally, with more and more data on the differentiation and maintenance of memory T-cells and plasma cells upon vaccination in humans being reported, we discuss what factors determine the establishment of long-lasting immunological memory in the BM and what we can learn for vaccination technologies and antigen design. Finally, using these insights, we touch on how this holistic understanding of the BM is necessary for the development of modern and efficient vaccines against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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28
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Gallman AE, Wolfreys FD, Nguyen DN, Sandy M, Xu Y, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Lu E, Cyster JG. Abcc1 and Ggt5 support lymphocyte guidance through export and catabolism of S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg1101. [PMID: 34088745 PMCID: PMC8458272 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2RY8 promotes the confinement and growth regulation of germinal center (GC) B cells, and loss of human P2RY8 is associated with B cell lymphomagenesis. The metabolite S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione (GGG) is a P2RY8 ligand. The mechanisms controlling GGG distribution are poorly understood. Here, we show that gamma-glutamyltransferase-5 (Ggt5) expression in stromal cells was required for GGG catabolism and confinement of P2RY8-expressing cells to GCs. We identified the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (Abcc1) as a GGG transporter and showed that Abcc1 expression by hematopoietic cells was necessary for P2RY8-mediated GC confinement. Furthermore, we discovered that P2RY8 and GGG negatively regulated trafficking of B and T cells to the bone marrow (BM). P2RY8 loss-of-function human T cells increased their BM homing. By defining how GGG distribution was determined and identifying sites of P2RY8 activity, this work helps establish how disruptions in P2RY8 function contribute to lymphomagenesis and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E Gallman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Finn D Wolfreys
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Moriah Sandy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erick Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Diversity, localization, and (patho)physiology of mature lymphocyte populations in the bone marrow. Blood 2021; 137:3015-3026. [PMID: 33684935 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is responsible for generating and maintaining lifelong output of blood and immune cells. In addition to its key hematopoietic function, the BM acts as an important lymphoid organ, hosting a large variety of mature lymphocyte populations, including B cells, T cells, natural killer T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Many of these cell types are thought to visit the BM only transiently, but for others, like plasma cells and memory T cells, the BM provides supportive niches that promote their long-term survival. Interestingly, accumulating evidence points toward an important role for mature lymphocytes in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoiesis in health and disease. In this review, we describe the diversity, migration, localization, and function of mature lymphocyte populations in murine and human BM, focusing on their role in immunity and hematopoiesis. We also address how various BM lymphocyte subsets contribute to the development of aplastic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia, illustrating the complexity of these BM disorders and the underlying similarities and differences in their disease pathophysiology. Finally, we summarize the interactions between mature lymphocytes and BM resident cells in HSC transplantation and graft-versus-host disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which mature lymphocyte populations regulate BM function will likely improve future therapies for patients with benign and malignant hematologic disorders.
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30
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Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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31
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Fu J, Zuber J, Shonts B, Obradovic A, Wang Z, Frangaj K, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Waffarn EE, Liou P, Lau SP, Savage TM, Yang S, Rogers K, Danzl NM, Ravella S, Satwani P, Iuga A, Ho SH, Griesemer A, Shen Y, Prak ETL, Martinez M, Kato T, Sykes M. Lymphohematopoietic graft-versus-host responses promote mixed chimerism in patients receiving intestinal transplantation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141698. [PMID: 33630757 DOI: 10.1172/jci141698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans receiving intestinal transplantation (ITx), long-term multilineage blood chimerism often develops. Donor T cell macrochimerism (≥4%) frequently occurs without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is associated with reduced rejection. Here we demonstrate that patients with macrochimerism had high graft-versus-host (GvH) to host-versus-graft (HvG) T cell clonal ratios in their allografts. These GvH clones entered the circulation, where their peak levels were associated with declines in HvG clones early after transplant, suggesting that GvH reactions may contribute to chimerism and control HvG responses without causing GVHD. Consistently, donor-derived T cells, including GvH clones, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were simultaneously detected in the recipients' BM more than 100 days after transplant. Individual GvH clones appeared in ileal mucosa or PBMCs before detection in recipient BM, consistent with an intestinal mucosal origin, where donor GvH-reactive T cells expanded early upon entry of recipient APCs into the graft. These results, combined with cytotoxic single-cell transcriptional profiles of donor T cells in recipient BM, suggest that tissue-resident GvH-reactive donor T cells migrated into the recipient circulation and BM, where they destroyed recipient hematopoietic cells through cytolytic effector functions and promoted engraftment of graft-derived HSPCs that maintain chimerism. These mechanisms suggest an approach to achieving intestinal allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Julien Zuber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Brittany Shonts
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Zicheng Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristjana Frangaj
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Sai-Ping Lau
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Thomas M Savage
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Suxiao Yang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Kortney Rogers
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Nichole M Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Shilpa Ravella
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Alina Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Adam Griesemer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and.,Department of Surgery
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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32
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Immunological memory in rheumatic inflammation - a roadblock to tolerance induction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:291-305. [PMID: 33824526 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Why do we still have no cure for chronic inflammatory diseases? One reason could be that current therapies are based on the assumption that chronic inflammation is driven by persistent 'acute' immune reactions. Here we discuss a paradigm shift by suggesting that beyond these reactions, chronic inflammation is driven by imprinted, pathogenic 'memory' cells of the immune system. This rationale is based on the observation that in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, therapy-free remission can be achieved by resetting the immune system; that is, by ablating immune cells and regenerating the immune system from stem cells. The success of this approach identifies antigen-experienced and imprinted immune cells as essential and sufficient drivers of inflammation. The 'dark side' of immunological memory primarily involves memory plasma cells secreting pathogenic antibodies and memory T lymphocytes secreting pathogenic cytokines and chemokines, but can also involve cells of innate immunity. New therapeutic strategies should address the persistence of these memory cells. Selective targeting of pathogenic immune memory cells could be based on their specificity, which is challenging, or on their lifestyle, which differs from that of protective immune memory cells, in particular for pathogenic T lymphocytes. The adaptations of such pathogenic memory cells to chronic inflammation offers entirely new therapeutic options for their selective ablation and the regeneration of immunological tolerance.
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Santopaolo M, Sullivan N, Thomas AC, Alvino VV, Nicholson LB, Gu Y, Spinetti G, Kallikourdis M, Blom A, Madeddu P. Activation of Bone Marrow Adaptive Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes: Rescue by Co-stimulation Modulator Abatacept. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609406. [PMID: 33746953 PMCID: PMC7969721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations in innate and adaptive immunity were reported in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we investigated the abundance and activation of T cells in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with T2D. We then verified the human data in a murine model and tested if the activation of T cells can be rescued by treating mice with abatacept, an immunomodulatory drug employed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical evidence indicated abatacept can slow the decline in beta-cell function. Methods: A cohort of 24 patients (12 with T2D) undergoing hip replacement surgery was enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry and cytokine analyses were performed on BM leftovers from surgery. We next compared the immune profile of db/db and control wt/db mice. In an additional study, db/db mice were randomized to receive abatacept or vehicle for 4 weeks, with endpoints being immune cell profile, indices of insulin sensitivity, and heart performance. Results: Patients with T2D showed increased frequencies of BM CD4+ (2.8-fold, p = 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (1.8-fold, p = 0.01), with the upregulation of the activation marker CD69 and the homing receptor CCR7 in CD4+ (1.64-fold, p = 0.003 and 2.27-fold, p = 0.01, respectively) and CD8+ fractions (1.79-fold, p = 0.05 and 1.69-fold, p = 0.02, respectively). These differences were confirmed in a multivariable regression model. CCL19 (CCR7 receptor ligand) and CXCL10/11 (CXCR3 receptor ligands), implicated in T-cell migration and activation, were the most differentially modulated chemokines. Studies in mice confirmed the activation of adaptive immunity in T2D. Abatacept reduced the activation of T cells and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and improved cardiac function but not insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Results provide proof-of-concept evidence for the activation of BM adaptive immunity in T2D. In mice, treatment with abatacept dampens the activation of adaptive immunity and protects from cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Sullivan
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Coral Thomas
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Vincenza Alvino
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- Bristol Medical School, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Gu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashley Blom
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Tolstykh EI, Vozilova AV, Degteva MO, Akleyev AV. Concept of T-Cell Genus as a Basis for Analysis of the Results of Cytogenetic Studies after Local Bone Marrow Exposure. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Preferential Homing of Tumor-specific and Functional CD8+ Stem Cell-like Memory T Cells to the Bone Marrow. J Immunother 2020; 42:197-207. [PMID: 31145231 PMCID: PMC6587217 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The bone marrow (BM) harbors not only hematopoietic stem cells but also conventional memory T and B cells. Studies of BM-resident memory T cells have revealed the complex relationship between BM and immunologic memory. In the present study, we identified CD122high stem cells antigen-1 (Sca-1)high, B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2)high, CD8+ stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCMs) as a distinct memory T-cell subset preferentially residing in the BM, where these cells respond vigorously to blood-borne antigens. We found that the most TSCMs favorably relocate to the BM by adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion protein 1, P-selectin glycoprotein 1, and P-selectin or E-selectin. Moreover, the BM-resident TSCMs exhibited much higher levels of antitumor activity than the spleen-resident TSCMs. These results indicate that the BM provides an appropriate microenvironment for the survival of CD8+ TSCMs, thereby broadening our knowledge of the memory maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. The present findings are expected to be instructive for the development of tumor immunotherapy.
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Skirecki T, Swacha P, Hoser G, Golab J, Nowis D, Kozłowska E. Bone marrow is the preferred site of memory CD4+ T cell proliferation during recovery from sepsis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134475. [PMID: 32434988 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors suffer from increased vulnerability to infections, and lymphopenia presumably contributes to this problem. The mechanisms of the recovery of memory CD4+ T cells after sepsis remain elusive. We used the cecal ligation and puncture mouse model of sepsis to study the restoration of the memory CD4+ T cells during recovery from sepsis. Then, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific naive CD4+ T cells followed by immunization and BrdU labeling were performed to trace the proliferation and migration of memory CD4+ T cells. We revealed that the bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of CD4+ memory T cell homing and proliferation after sepsis-induced lymphopenia. Of interest, BM CD4+ T cells had a higher basal proliferation rate in comparison with splenic T cells. These cells also show features of resident memory T cells yet have the capacity to migrate outside the BM niche and engraft secondary lymphoid organs. The BM niche also sustains viability and functionality of CD4+ T cells. We also identified IL-7 as the major inducer of proliferation of the BM memory CD4+ T cells and showed that recombinant IL-7 improves the recovery of these cells. Taken together, we provide data on the mechanism and location of memory CD4+ T cell proliferation during recovery from septic lymphopenia, which are of relevance in studying immunostimulatory therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Swacha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Janelle V, Rulleau C, Del Testa S, Carli C, Delisle JS. T-Cell Immunotherapies Targeting Histocompatibility and Tumor Antigens in Hematological Malignancies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32153583 PMCID: PMC7046834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, T-cell immunotherapy has revealed itself as a powerful, and often curative, strategy to treat blood cancers. In hematopoietic cell transplantation, most of the so-called graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect hinges on the recognition of histocompatibility antigens that reflect immunologically relevant genetic variants between donors and recipients. Whether other variants acquired during the neoplastic transformation, or the aberrant expression of gene products can yield antigenic targets of similar relevance as the minor histocompatibility antigens is actively being pursued. Modern genomics and proteomics have enabled the high throughput identification of candidate antigens for immunotherapy in both autologous and allogeneic settings. As such, these major histocompatibility complex-associated tumor-specific (TSA) and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) can allow for the targeting of multiple blood neoplasms, which is a limitation for other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells. We review the current strategies taken to translate these discoveries into T-cell therapies and propose how these could be introduced in clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the criteria that are used to select the antigens with the greatest therapeutic value and we review the various T-cell manufacturing approaches in place to either expand antigen-specific T cells from the native repertoire or genetically engineer T cells with minor histocompatibility antigen or TSA/TAA-specific recombinant T-cell receptors. Finally, we elaborate on the current and future incorporation of these therapeutic T-cell products into the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Janelle
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Rulleau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Del Testa
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cédric Carli
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division Hématologie et Oncologie, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Increased PD-1+Tim-3+ exhausted T cells in bone marrow may influence the clinical outcome of patients with AML. Biomark Res 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 32082573 PMCID: PMC7020501 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression of T cell immune inhibitory receptors may result in immunosuppression and associate with the poor prognosis of leukemia patients in which the leukemic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment may contribute to such immunosuppression. We found higher numbers of programmed death-1 (PD-1) + exhausted T cells in peripheral blood (PB) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To investigate the leukemic BM influence on immunosuppression, we further compared the distributions of PD-1 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and the exhausted T cell phenotype in PB and BM from AML patients and characterized their relationship with clinical outcome. Methods PB and BM samples from 15 patients with newly diagnosed AML were collected and analyzed for the expression of PD-1, Tim-3, CD244, and CD57 on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells by multicolor flow cytometry. Results The proportions of PD-1 + CD3+ and PD-1 + CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in BM compared with PB. Similarly, higher PD-1 + CD244 + CD3+ and PD-1 + CD244 + CD8+ T cells were found in BM, and an increased tendency for PD-1 + CD244 + CD4+ T cells was also detected in this group. In contrast, increased Tim-3 + CD4+/Tim-3 + CD244 + CD4+ T cells were predominant in BM compared with PB, but there was no statistically significant difference in Tim-3 + CD8+ T cells. Moreover, PD-1 and Tim-3 double-positive CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the BM group. In addition, a higher proportion of PD-1 + Tim-3 + CD3+ T cells in the BM and PD-1 + Tim-3 + CD4+ T cells in PB was detected in non-complete remission (NCR) compared with complete remission (CR) patients after first-cycle chemotherapy. Conclusions Upregulation of PD-1 and Tim-3 and the exhausted phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the BM of AML patients may contribute to mediating the leukemic immunosuppressive microenvironment, and increased PD-1 + Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells may be related to T cell dysfunction in AML, which may influence clinical outcome.
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Chetaille Nézondet AL, Poubelle PE, Pelletier M. The evaluation of cytokines to help establish diagnosis and guide treatment of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:647-657. [PMID: 32040246 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0120-218rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the role of cytokines in pathologic conditions has increased considerably with the emergence of molecular and genetic studies, particularly in the case of autoinflammatory monogenic diseases. Many rare disorders, considered orphan until recently, are directly related to abnormal gene regulation, and the treatment with biologic agents (biologics) targeting cytokine receptors, intracellular signaling or specific cytokines improve the symptoms of an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. As it is currently impossible to systematically conduct genetic studies for all patients with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the evaluation of cytokines can be seen as a simple, less time consuming, and less expensive alternative. This approach could be especially useful when the diagnosis of syndromes of diseases of unknown etiology remains problematic. The evaluation of cytokines could also help avoid the current trial-and-error approach, which has the disadvantages of exposing patients to ineffective drugs with possible unnecessary side effects and permanent organ damages. In this review, we discuss the various possibilities, as well as the limitations of evaluating the cytokine profiles of patients suffering from autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, with methods such as direct detection of cytokines in the plasma/serum or following ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs leading to the production of their cytokine secretome. The patients' secretome, combined with biomarkers ranging from genetic and epigenetic analyses to immunologic biomarkers, may help not only the diagnosis but also guide the choice of biologics for more efficient and rapid treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Chetaille Nézondet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrice E Poubelle
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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40
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Matthijs AMF, Auray G, Boyen F, Schoos A, Michiels A, García-Nicolás O, Barut GT, Barnier-Quer C, Jakob V, Collin N, Devriendt B, Summerfield A, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Efficacy of three innovative bacterin vaccines against experimental infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Res 2019; 50:91. [PMID: 31703726 PMCID: PMC6842239 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New vaccine formulations that include novel strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and innovative adjuvants designed to induce cellular immunity could improve vaccine efficacy against this pathogen. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the efficacy of three experimental bacterin formulations based on M. hyopneumoniae field strain F7.2C which were able to induce cellular immunity. The formulations included a cationic liposome formulation with the Mincle receptor ligand trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (Lipo_DDA:TDB), a squalene-in-water emulsion with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands targeting TLR1/2, TLR7/8 and TLR9 (SWE_TLR), and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro-particle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR). Four groups of 12 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were primo- (day (D) 0; 39 days of age) and booster vaccinated (D14) intramuscularly with either one of the three experimental bacterin formulations or PBS. The pigs were endotracheally inoculated with a highly and low virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain on D28 and D29, respectively, and euthanized on D56. The main efficacy parameters were: respiratory disease score (RDS; daily), macroscopic lung lesion score (D56) and log copies M. hyopneumoniae DNA determined with qPCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (D42, D56). All formulations were able to reduce clinical symptoms, lung lesions and the M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in the lung, with formulation SWE_TLR being the most effective (RDSD28–D56 −61.90%, macroscopic lung lesions −88.38%, M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in BAL fluid (D42) −67.28%). Further experiments raised under field conditions are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effect of the vaccines on performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Marguerite Filip Matthijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Gaël Auray
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Schoos
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Güliz Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Jakob
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Ge Y, Böhm HH, Rathinasamy A, Xydia M, Hu X, Pincha M, Umansky L, Breyer C, Hillier M, Bonertz A, Sevko A, Domschke C, Schuetz F, Frebel H, Dettling S, Herold-Mende C, Reissfelder C, Weitz J, Umansky V, Beckhove P. Tumor-Specific Regulatory T Cells from the Bone Marrow Orchestrate Antitumor Immunity in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1998-2012. [PMID: 31672785 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous antitumor effector T-cell responses and immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) critically influence the prognosis of patients with cancer, yet many of the mechanisms of how this occurs remain unresolved. On the basis of an analysis of the function, antigen specificity, and distribution of tumor antigen-reactive T cells and Tregs in patients with breast cancer and transgenic mouse tumor models, we showed that tumor-specific Tregs were selectively activated in the bone marrow (BM) and egressed into the peripheral blood. The BM was constantly depleted of tumor-specific Tregs and was instead a site of increased induction and activity of tumor-reactive effector/memory T cells. Treg egress from the BM was associated with activation-induced expression of peripheral homing receptors such as CCR2. Because breast cancer tissues express the CCR2 ligand CCL2, the activation and egress of tumor antigen-specific Tregs in the BM resulted in the accumulation of Tregs in breast tumor tissue. Such immune compartmentalization and redistribution of T-cell subpopulations between the BM and peripheral tissues were achieved by vaccination with adenoviral vector-encoded TRP-2 tumor antigen in a RET transgenic mouse model of spontaneous malignant melanoma. Thus, the BM simultaneously represented a source of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and a site for the induction of endogenous tumor-specific effector T-cell responses, suggesting that both antitumor immunity and local immune suppression are orchestrated in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Ge
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Böhm
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anchana Rathinasamy
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Xydia
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mudita Pincha
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludmila Umansky
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Breyer
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hillier
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bonertz
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sevko
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Domschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge Frebel
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dettling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Hematology-Oncology Department, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Ort MJ, Geissler S, Rakow A, Schoon J. The Allergic Bone Marrow? The Immuno-Capacity of the Human Bone Marrow in Context of Metal-Associated Hypersensitivity Reactions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2232. [PMID: 31620137 PMCID: PMC6759684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthroplasty ranks among the greatest achievements of surgical medicine, with total hip replacement termed “the operation of the century.” Despite its wide success, arthroplasty bears risks, such as local reactions to implant derived wear and corrosion products. Prevalence of allergies across Western society increases and along the number of reported hypersensitivity reactions to orthopedic implant materials. In this context the main focus is on delayed hypersensitivity (DTH). This mechanism is mainly attributed to T cells and an overreaction of the adaptive immune system. Arthroplasty implant materials are in direct contact with bone marrow (BM), which is discussed as a secondary lymphoid organ. However, the mechanisms of sensitization toward implant wear remain elusive. Nickel and cobalt ions can form haptens with native peptides to activate immune cell receptors and are therefore common T helper allergens in cutaneous DTH. The rising prevalence of metal-related allergy in the general population and evidence for the immune-modulating function of BM allow for the assumption hypersensitivity reactions could occur in peri-implant BM. There is evidence that pro-inflammatory factors released during DTH reactions enhance osteoclast activity and inhibit osteoblast function, an imbalance characteristic for osteolysis. Even though some mechanisms are understood, hypersensitivity has remained a diagnosis of exclusion. This review aims to summarize current views on the pathomechanism of DTH in arthroplasty with emphasis on BM and discusses recent advances and future directions for basic research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Ort
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasia Rakow
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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43
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The Bone Marrow Protects and Optimizes Immunological Memory during Dietary Restriction. Cell 2019; 178:1088-1101.e15. [PMID: 31442402 PMCID: PMC6818271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mammals evolved in the face of fluctuating food availability. How the immune system adapts to transient nutritional stress remains poorly understood. Here, we show that memory T cells collapsed in secondary lymphoid organs in the context of dietary restriction (DR) but dramatically accumulated within the bone marrow (BM), where they adopted a state associated with energy conservation. This response was coordinated by glucocorticoids and associated with a profound remodeling of the BM compartment, which included an increase in T cell homing factors, erythropoiesis, and adipogenesis. Adipocytes, as well as CXCR4-CXCL12 and S1P-S1P1R interactions, contributed to enhanced T cell accumulation in BM during DR. Memory T cell homing to BM during DR was associated with enhanced protection against infections and tumors. Together, this work uncovers a fundamental host strategy to sustain and optimize immunological memory during nutritional challenges that involved a temporal and spatial reorganization of the memory pool within "safe haven" compartments.
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44
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Intradermal Synthetic DNA Vaccination Generates Leishmania-Specific T Cells in the Skin and Protection against Leishmania major. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00227-19. [PMID: 31182618 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00227-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains one of the greatest medical breakthroughs in human history and has resulted in the near eradication of many formerly lethal diseases in many countries, including the complete eradication of smallpox. However, there remain a number of diseases for which there are no or only partially effective vaccines. There are numerous hurdles in vaccine development, of which knowing the appropriate immune response to target is one of them. Recently, tissue-resident T cells have been shown to mediate high levels of protection for several infections, although the best way to induce these cells is still unclear. Here we compare the ability to generate skin-resident T cells in sites distant from the immunization site following intramuscular and intradermal injection using optimized synthetic DNA vaccines. We found that mice immunized intradermally with a synthetic consensus DNA HIV envelope vaccine by electroporation (EP) are better able to maintain durable antigen-specific cellular responses in the skin than mice immunized by the intramuscular route. We extended these studies by delivering a synthetic DNA vaccine encoding Leishmania glycosomal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) by EP and again found that the intradermal route was superior to the intramuscular route for generating skin-resident PEPCK-specific T cells. We observed that when challenged with Leishmania major parasites, mice immunized intradermally exhibited significant protection, while mice immunized intramuscularly did not. The protection seen in intradermally vaccinated mice supports the viability of this platform not only to generate skin-resident T cells but also to promote durable protective immune responses at relevant tissue sites.
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45
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Hirata Y, Kakiuchi M, Robson SC, Fujisaki J. CD150 high CD4 T cells and CD150 high regulatory T cells regulate hematopoietic stem cell quiescence via CD73. Haematologica 2019; 104:1136-1142. [PMID: 30545927 PMCID: PMC6545860 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Various extrinsic signals tightly control hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Our recent study showed that hematopoietic stem cells are regulated by a special FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell population with high expression of a hematopoietic stem cell marker, CD150. Extracellular adenosine generated via a cell-surface ectoenzyme CD39 on CD150high regulatory T cells maintained hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. It remains unclear how conventional T cells and the other cell-surface ectoenzyme, CD73, contribute to regulation of hematopoietic stem cells. This work shows that CD150high regulatory T cells as well as unique CD150high CD4+ conventional T cells regulate hematopoietic stem cells via CD73. Global CD73 deletion increased the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, cycling stem cell frequencies, and levels of reactive oxygen species in hematopoietic stem cells. In vivo antioxidant treatment inhibited the increase of hematopoietic stem cells in CD73 knockout mice, suggesting that CD73 maintains stem cell quiescence by preventing oxidative stress. High levels of CD73 expression were frequently found on CD150high regulatory T cells and CD150high FoxP3-CD4+ T cells within the bone marrow. Transfer of these CD150high regulatory T cells and CD150high CD4+ conventional T cells abolished the increase of hematopoietic stem cells in CD73 knockout mice. In addition, the increase of stem cells in CD73 knockout mice was also inhibited by pharmacological activation of adenosine receptor 2A which is highly expressed by hematopoietic stem cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CD73 of CD150high regulatory T cells and CD150high CD4+ conventional T cells protects hematopoietic stem cells from oxidative stress, maintaining stem cell quiescence via adenosine receptor 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hirata
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joji Fujisaki
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Naismith E, Pangrazzi L. The impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence on the maintenance of immunological memory in the bone marrow in old age. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190371. [PMID: 31018996 PMCID: PMC6522741 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) provides a preferential survival environment for the long-term maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells. After the contact with antigens, effector/memory T cells and plasma cell precursors migrate to the BM, in which they can survive within survival niches in an antigen-independent manner. Despite this, the phenotype of adaptive immune cells changes with aging, and BM niches themselves are affected, leading to impaired long-term maintenance of immunological memory in the elderly as a result. Oxidative stress, age-related inflammation (inflammaging), and cellular senescence appear to play a major role in this process. This review will summarize the age-related changes in T and B cell phenotype, and in the BM niches, discussing the possibility that the accumulation of highly differentiated, senescent-like T cells in the BM during aging may cause inflammation in the BM and promote oxidative stress and senescence. In addition, senescent-like T cells may compete for space with other immune cells within the marrow, partially excluding effector/memory T cells and long-lived plasma cells from the niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
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47
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Nolte MA, Goedhart M, Geginat J. Maintenance of memory CD8 T cells: Divided over division. Eur J Immunol 2019; 47:1875-1879. [PMID: 29114880 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Once generated during an infection, memory CD8+ T cells can provide long-lasting protection against reinfection with an intracellular pathogen, but the longevity of this defense depends on the ability of these pathogen-specific memory cells to be maintained. It is generally believed that the bone marrow plays an important role in this respect, where memory CD8 T cells receive reinvigorating signals from cytokines that induce homeostatic proliferation. However, in the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siracusa et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 1900-1905) argue against this dogma, as they provide evidence that CD8 memory T cells in murine bone marrow are not proliferating, but largely quiescent, which protects them from elimination by the cytostatic drug Cyclophosphamide. Interestingly, this is in sharp contrast to the proliferating cell counterparts in the spleen, which are eliminated by this treatment. Here, we will discuss the impact of these results, how they relate to opposing findings by others in the field, and what the relevance of these findings is for humans and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Goedhart
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
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48
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Bucher CH, Schlundt C, Wulsten D, Sass FA, Wendler S, Ellinghaus A, Thiele T, Seemann R, Willie BM, Volk HD, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Experience in the Adaptive Immunity Impacts Bone Homeostasis, Remodeling, and Healing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:797. [PMID: 31031773 PMCID: PMC6474158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation as well as bone healing capacity is known to be impaired in the elderly. Although bone formation is outpaced by bone resorption in aged individuals, we hereby present a novel path that considerably impacts bone formation and architecture: Bone formation is substantially reduced in aged individual owing to the experience of the adaptive immunity. Thus, immune-aging in addition to chronological aging is a potential risk factor, with an experienced immune system being recognized as more pro-inflammatory. The role of the aging immune system on bone homeostasis and on the bone healing cascade has so far not been considered. Within this study mice at different age and immunological experience were analyzed toward bone properties. Healing was assessed by introducing an osteotomy, immune cells were adoptively transferred to disclose the difference in biological vs. chronological aging. In vitro studies were employed to test the interaction of immune cell products (cytokines) on cells of the musculoskeletal system. In metaphyseal bone, immune-aging affects bone homeostasis by impacting bone formation capacity and thereby influencing mass and microstructure of bone trabeculae leading to an overall reduced mechanical competence as found in bone torsional testing. Furthermore, bone formation is also impacted during bone regeneration in terms of a diminished healing capacity observed in young animals who have an experienced human immune system. We show the impact of an experienced immune system compared to a naïve immune system, demonstrating the substantial differences in the healing capacity and bone homeostasis due to the immune composition. We further showed that in vivo mechanical stimulation changed the immune system phenotype in young mice toward a more naïve composition. While this rescue was found to be significant in young individuals, aged mice only showed a trend toward the reconstitution of a more naïve immune phenotype. Considering the immune system's experience level in an individual, will likely allow one to differentiate (stratify) and treat (immune-modulate) patients more effectively. This work illustrates the relevance of including immune diagnostics when discussing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies for the progressively aging population of the industrial countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Andrea Sass
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wendler
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricarda Seemann
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Pascutti MF, Geerman S, Collins N, Brasser G, Nota B, Stark R, Behr F, Oja A, Slot E, Panagioti E, Prier JE, Hickson S, Wolkers MC, Heemskerk MH, Hombrink P, Arens R, Mackay LK, van Gisbergen KP, Nolte MA. Peripheral and systemic antigens elicit an expandable pool of resident memory CD8 + T cells in the bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:853-872. [PMID: 30891737 PMCID: PMC6594027 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BM has been put forward as a major reservoir for memory CD8+ T cells. In order to fulfill that function, BM should "store" memory CD8+ T cells, which in biological terms would require these "stored" memory cells to be in disequilibrium with the circulatory pool. This issue is a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we unequivocally demonstrate that murine and human BM harbors a population of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM ) cells. These cells develop against various pathogens, independently of BM infection or local antigen recognition. BM CD8+ TRM cells share a transcriptional program with resident lymphoid cells in other tissues; they are polyfunctional cytokine producers and dependent on IL-15, Blimp-1, and Hobit. CD8+ TRM cells reside in the BM parenchyma, but are in close contact with the circulation. Moreover, this pool of resident T cells is not size-restricted and expands upon peripheral antigenic re-challenge. This works extends the role of the BM in the maintenance of CD8+ T cell memory to include the preservation of an expandable reservoir of functional, non-recirculating memory CD8+ T cells, which develop in response to a large variety of peripheral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulima Geerman
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Giso Brasser
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Felix Behr
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna Oja
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Edith Slot
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Julia E. Prier
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Hickson
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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50
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Sobacchi C, Menale C, Villa A. The RANKL-RANK Axis: A Bone to Thymus Round Trip. Front Immunol 2019; 10:629. [PMID: 30984193 PMCID: PMC6450200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its cognate receptor Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) during a search for novel tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members has dramatically changed the scenario of bone biology by providing the functional and biochemical proof that RANKL signaling via RANK is the master factor for osteoclastogenesis. In parallel, two independent studies reported the identification of mouse RANKL on activated T cells and of a ligand for osteoprotegerin on a murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell line. After these seminal findings, accumulating data indicated RANKL and RANK not only as essential players for the development and activation of osteoclasts, but also for the correct differentiation of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that act as mediators of the central tolerance process by which self-reactive T cells are eliminated while regulatory T cells are generated. In light of the RANKL-RANK multi-task function, an antibody targeting this pathway, denosumab, is now commonly used in the therapy of bone loss diseases including chronic inflammatory bone disorders and osteolytic bone metastases; furthermore, preclinical data support the therapeutic application of denosumab in the framework of a broader spectrum of tumors. Here, we discuss advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms elicited by RANKL-RANK pathway in the bone and thymus, and the extent to which its inhibition or augmentation can be translated in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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