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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Wu X, Niu J, Shi Y. Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:315. [PMID: 38840207 PMCID: PMC11151510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B poses a significant global burden, modulating immune cells, leading to chronic inflammation and long-term damage. Due to its hepatotropism, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot infect other cells. The mechanisms underlying the intercellular communication among different liver cells in HBV-infected individuals and the immune microenvironment imbalance remain elusive. Exosomes, as important intercellular communication and cargo transportation tools between HBV-infected hepatocytes and immune cells, have been shown to assist in HBV cargo transportation and regulate the immune microenvironment. However, the role of exosomes in hepatitis B has only gradually received attention in recent years. Minimal literature has systematically elaborated on the role of exosomes in reshaping the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review unfolds sequentially based on the biological processes of exosomes: exosomes' biogenesis, release, transport, uptake by recipient cells, and their impact on recipient cells. We delineate how HBV influences the biogenesis of exosomes, utilizing exosomal covert transmission, and reshapes the hepatic immune microenvironment. And based on the characteristics and functions of exosomes, potential applications of exosomes in hepatitis B are summarized and predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Khabir M, Blanchet M, Angelo L, Loucif H, van Grevenynghe J, Bukong TN, Labonté P. Exosomes as Conduits: Facilitating Hepatitis B Virus-Independent Hepatitis D Virus Transmission and Propagation in Hepatocytes. Viruses 2024; 16:825. [PMID: 38932118 PMCID: PMC11209184 DOI: 10.3390/v16060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A number of research studies, including ours, have spotlighted exosomes as critical facilitators of viral dissemination. While hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission through exosomes has been studied, the focus on its satellite virus, the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), has been unexplored in this context. HDV, although being a defective virus, can replicate its genome autonomously within hepatocytes, independently of HBV. Investigations on Huh7 cells revealed an intriguing phenomenon: the HDV proteins, S-HDAg and L-HDAg, are transmitted between cells without a complete viral structure. Detailed analysis further revealed that the expression of these proteins not only bolstered exosome secretion but also ensured their enrichment within these vesicles. Our experimental approach utilized transfection of various plasmids to examine the role of HDV RNA and proteins in the process. One salient finding was the differential propagation of the HDV proteins S-HDAg and L-HDAg, suggesting intricate molecular mechanisms behind their transmission. Notably, the purity of our exosome preparations was monitored using markers such as TSG101 and CD81. Importantly, these exosomes were found to carry both HDV RNA and proteins, highlighting their role in HDV dissemination. This novel study underscores the role of exosomes in mediating the transmission of HDV components between hepatocytes independent of HBV. These revelations about the exosomal pathway of HDV transmission provide a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against HDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Labonté
- INRS–Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (M.K.); (M.B.); (L.A.); (H.L.); (J.v.G.); (T.N.B.)
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5
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Camps G, Maestro S, Torella L, Herrero D, Usai C, Bilbao-Arribas M, Aldaz A, Olagüe C, Vales A, Suárez-Amarán L, Aldabe R, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Protective role of RIPK1 scaffolding against HDV-induced hepatocyte cell death and the significance of cytokines in mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011749. [PMID: 38739648 PMCID: PMC11115361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of human viral hepatitis; however, the mechanisms underlying its pathology remain incompletely understood. We recently developed an HDV mouse model by injecting adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) containing replication-competent HBV and HDV genomes. This model replicates many features of human infection, including liver injury. Notably, the extent of liver damage can be diminished with anti-TNF-α treatment. Here, we found that TNF-α is mainly produced by macrophages. Downstream of the TNF-α receptor (TNFR), the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) serves as a cell fate regulator, playing roles in both cell survival and death pathways. In this study, we explored the function of RIPK1 and other host factors in HDV-induced cell death. We determined that the scaffolding function of RIPK1, and not its kinase activity, offers partial protection against HDV-induced apoptosis. A reduction in RIPK1 expression in hepatocytes through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing significantly intensifies HDV-induced damage. Contrary to our expectations, the protective effect of RIPK1 was not linked to TNF-α or macrophage activation, as their absence did not alter the extent of damage. Intriguingly, in the absence of RIPK1, macrophages confer a protective role. However, in animals unresponsive to type-I IFNs, RIPK1 downregulation did not exacerbate the damage, suggesting RIPK1's role in shielding hepatocytes from type-I IFN-induced cell death. Interestingly, while the damage extent is similar between IFNα/βR KO and wild type mice in terms of transaminase elevation, their cell death mechanisms differ. In conclusion, our findings reveal that HDV-induced type-I IFN production is central to inducing hepatocyte death, and RIPK1's scaffolding function offers protective benefits. Thus, type-I IFN together with TNF-α, contribute to HDV-induced liver damage. These insights may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate HDV-induced liver damage and halt disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracián Camps
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheila Maestro
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Torella
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Herrero
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carla Usai
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martin Bilbao-Arribas
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Aldaz
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Olagüe
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Africa Vales
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lester Suárez-Amarán
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Wu L, Yang Z, Zheng M. Biogenesis of serum HBV RNA and clinical phenomena of serum HBV RNA in chronic hepatitis B patients before and after receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:255-265. [PMID: 38332479 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
There are estimated 300 million people afflicted with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) worldwide. The risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases considerably with chronic hepatitis B infection. While current therapeutics are effective in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease progression, a cure for HBV infection remains unattainable due to an intranuclear replicative intermediate known as covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). It has recently been shown that serum HBV RNA is a non-invasive biomarker that reflects cccDNA transcriptional activity. This review provides a comprehensive overview and the latest updates on the molecular characteristics and clinical significance of serum HBV RNA, such as species of serum HBV RNA, forms of serum HBV RNA carriers and predictive value for relapses in CHB patients after nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) discontinuation and development of liver fibrosis and HCC. Furthermore, we summarize standardized assays for testing serum HBV RNA, the dynamic changes of serum HBV RNA levels in treatment-naïve CHB patients and those under NAs therapy, as well as the host and viral influencing factors of serum HBV RNA levels. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives in studies of serum HBV RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Shahi S, Kang T, Fonseka P. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology: A Prudent Target That Requires Careful Consideration. Cells 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 38727289 PMCID: PMC11083420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells to perform multitudes of biological functions. Owing to their significant implications in diseases, the pathophysiological role of EVs continues to be extensively studied, leading research to neglect the need to explore their role in normal physiology. Despite this, many identified physiological functions of EVs, including, but not limited to, tissue repair, early development and aging, are attributed to their modulatory role in various signaling pathways via intercellular communication. EVs are widely perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy for better prognosis, primarily through utilization as a mode of delivery vehicle. Moreover, disease-associated EVs serve as candidates for the targeted inhibition by pharmacological or genetic means. However, these attempts are often accompanied by major challenges, such as off-target effects, which may result in adverse phenotypes. This renders the clinical efficacy of EVs elusive, indicating that further understanding of the specific role of EVs in physiology may enhance their utility. This review highlights the essential role of EVs in maintaining cellular homeostasis under different physiological settings, and also discusses the various aspects that may potentially hinder the robust utility of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.S.); (T.K.)
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8
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Cleaver J, Jeffery K, Klenerman P, Lim M, Handunnetthi L, Irani SR, Handel A. The immunobiology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and post-viral autoimmunity. Brain 2024; 147:1130-1148. [PMID: 38092513 PMCID: PMC10994539 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the leading cause of non-epidemic encephalitis in the developed world and, despite antiviral therapy, mortality and morbidity is high. The emergence of post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis reveals a new immunological paradigm in autoantibody-mediated disease. A reductionist evaluation of the immunobiological mechanisms in HSE is crucial to dissect the origins of post-viral autoimmunity and supply rational approaches to the selection of immunotherapeutics. Herein, we review the latest evidence behind the phenotypic progression and underlying immunobiology of HSE including the cytokine/chemokine environment, the role of pathogen-recognition receptors, T- and B-cell immunity and relevant inborn errors of immunity. Second, we provide a contemporary review of published patients with post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis from a combined cohort of 110 patients. Third, we integrate novel mechanisms of autoimmunization in deep cervical lymph nodes to explore hypotheses around post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis and challenge these against mechanisms of molecular mimicry and others. Finally, we explore translational concepts where neuroglial surface autoantibodies have been observed with other neuroinfectious diseases and those that generate brain damage including traumatic brain injury, ischaemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Overall, the clinical and immunological landscape of HSE is an important and evolving field, from which precision immunotherapeutics could soon emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cleaver
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ming Lim
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Lahiru Handunnetthi
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam Handel
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Zhang F, Ju J, Diao H, Song J, Bian Y, Yang B. Innovative pharmacotherapy for hepatic metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases in China. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38514420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease constitutes a significant global health concern, particularly in China where it has distinctive characteristics. China grapples with a staggering 300 million cases, predominantly due to hepatitis B and metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, hepatocellular carcinoma has become a prevalent which is a lethal type of cancer. Despite the scarcity of innovative treatment options, Chinese hepatologists and researchers have achieved notable breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of liver diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have found widespread application in the treatment of various liver ailments owing to their commendable pharmacological efficacy and minimal side effects. Furthermore, there is a growing body of research in extracellular vesicles, cell therapy and gene therapy, offering new hope in the fight against liver diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of liver diseases and the diverse array of treatments that Chinese scholars and scientists have pursued in critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinglun Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Wang Q, Tan X, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li X, Liu S. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Emerging mechanisms, potential therapeutics and biomarkers. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00110-3. [PMID: 38494073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an emerging global healthcare problem, has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in recent decades. No effective therapies in the clinic have been proven due to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH, and further studies are expected to continue to delve into the mechanisms of NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small lipid membrane vesicles carrying proteins, microRNAs and other molecules, have been identified to play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the development and progression of various diseases. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of EVs in NASH. Many studies have revealed that EVs mediate important pathological processes in NASH, and the role of EVs in NASH is distinct and variable depending on their origin cells and target cells. This review outlines the emerging mechanisms of EVs in the development of NASH and the preclinical evidence related to stem cell-derived EVs as a potential therapeutic strategy for NASH. Moreover, possible strategies involving EVs as clinical diagnostic, staging and prognostic biomarkers for NASH are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangning Tan
- Department of endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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11
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Ao J, Ma AX, Li J, Wang CY, Fu DD, Du L, Yu C, Liu SL, Wang ZG, Pang DW. Real-Time Dissection of the Exosome Pathway for Influenza Virus Infection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4507-4519. [PMID: 38270127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play an important role in the spread of viral infections and immune escape. However, the exact ability and mechanisms by which exosomes produced during viral infections (vExos) infect host cells are still not fully understood. In this study, we developed a dual-color exosome labeling strategy that simultaneously labels the external and internal structures of exosomes with quantum dots to enable in situ monitoring of the transport process of vExos in live cells using the single-particle tracking technique. Our finding revealed that vExos contains the complete influenza A virus (IAV) genome and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) proteins but lacks viral envelope proteins. Notably, these vExos have the ability to infect cells and produce progeny viruses. We also found that vExos are transported in three stages, slow-fast-slow, and move to the perinuclear region via microfilaments and microtubules. About 30% of internalized vExos shed the external membrane and release the internal vRNPs into the cytoplasm by fusion with endolysosomes. This study suggested that vExos plays a supporting role in IAV infection by assisting with IAV propagation in a virus-independent manner. It emphasizes the need to consider the infectious potential of vExos and draws attention to the potential risk of exosomes produced by viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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12
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Srinivas AN, Suresh D, Kaur S, Kumar DP. The promise of small particles: extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in liver pathology. J Physiol 2023; 601:4953-4971. [PMID: 35708653 DOI: 10.1113/jp283074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscopic packages that are heterogeneous and bona fide players in hepatic physiology and pathology as they are involved in intercellular communication. EVs carrying bioactive cargoes rich in lipids, proteins or nucleic acids are implicated in the onset and progression of liver diseases. Liver pathology using liver biopsy has been assessed for several intricate conditions such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic malignancies and drug-induced liver injury. The lacunae, however, lie in early diagnosis and timely treatment of the above conditions, underscoring the need for non-invasive, accurate diagnostic tools that could replace the gold standard method of tissue biopsy. In this regard, EVs have emerged as promising candidates that could serve as potential biomarkers. In the last two decades, EVs, owing to their multifaceted charm in bringing out cell-free therapeutic responses and the ability of their cargoes to be applied to novel biomarkers, have drawn the great attention of researchers with the advancement and clinical application of liquid biopsy. In this review, we recapitulate the role of EVs and provide insights into the promising role of these small packages as biomarkers in liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha N Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Razizadeh MH, Zafarani A, Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Khorramdelazad H, Minaeian S, Mahmoudi M. Natural killer cells and their exosomes in viral infections and related therapeutic approaches: where are we? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:261. [PMID: 37749597 PMCID: PMC10519079 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of the host immune system to fight against infections. Natural killer cells are the innate immunity lymphocytes responsible for fighting against virus-infected and cancerous cells. They have various mechanisms to suppress viral infections. On the other hand, viruses have evolved to utilize different ways to evade NK cell-mediated responses. Viruses can balance the response by regulating the cytokine release pattern and changing the proportion of activating and inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication. Most cell populations can release these nano-sized vesicles, and it was shown that these vesicles produce identical outcomes to the originating cell from which they are released. In recent years, the role of NK cell-derived exosomes in various diseases including viral infections has been highlighted, drawing attention to utilizing the therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles. In this article, the role of NK cells in various viral infections and the mechanisms used by viruses to evade these important immune system cells are initially examined. Subsequently, the role of NK cell exosomes in controlling various viral infections is discussed. Finally, the current position of these cells in the treatment of viral infections and the therapeutic potential of their exosomes are reviewed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Martin C, Ligat G, Malnou CE. The Yin and the Yang of extracellular vesicles during viral infections. Biomed J 2023:100659. [PMID: 37690583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in the intercellular communication is a subject of growing interest in all areas of physiology and pathophysiology, and the field of viral infections is no exception to the rule. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge and remaining gaps regarding the entanglement of viruses and EVs during infections. These two entities share many similarities, mainly due to their intricated biogenesis pathways that are in constant interaction. EVs can promote the replication and dissemination of viruses within the organism, through the dysregulation of their cargo and the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response that occurs upon infection, but they can also promote the mitigation of viral infections. Here, we will examine how viruses hijack EV biogenesis pathways and describe the consequences of dysregulated EV secretion during viral infections, beneficial or not for viruses, revealing the duality of their possible effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Martin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëtan Ligat
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile E Malnou
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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15
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Papadakos SP, Machairas N, Stergiou IE, Arvanitakis K, Germanidis G, Frampton AE, Theocharis S. Unveiling the Yin-Yang Balance of M1 and M2 Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Modulation. Cells 2023; 12:2036. [PMID: 37626849 PMCID: PMC10453902 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Recent research has brought attention to the significant importance of intercellular communication in the progression of HCC, wherein exosomes have been identified as critical agents facilitating cell-to-cell signaling. In this article, we investigate the impact of macrophages as both sources and targets of exosomes in HCC, shedding light on the intricate interplay between exosome-mediated communication and macrophage involvement in HCC pathogenesis. It investigates how exosomes derived from HCC cells and other cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage behavior, polarization, and recruitment. Furthermore, the section explores the reciprocal interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and HCC cells, stromal cells, and other immune cells, elucidating their role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. The findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of the role of macrophage-derived exosomes in HCC progression and offer new avenues for targeted interventions and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adam Enver Frampton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Oncology Section, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, FHMS, University of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- HPB Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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16
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Thiyagarajah K, Basic M, Hildt E. Cellular Factors Involved in the Hepatitis D Virus Life Cycle. Viruses 2023; 15:1687. [PMID: 37632029 PMCID: PMC10459925 DOI: 10.3390/v15081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus with a negative-strand RNA genome encompassing less than 1700 nucleotides. The HDV genome encodes only for one protein, the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), which exists in two forms acting as nucleoproteins. HDV depends on the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus as a helper virus for packaging its ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). HDV is considered the causative agent for the most severe form of viral hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many steps of the life cycle of HDV are still enigmatic. This review gives an overview of the complete life cycle of HDV and identifies gaps in knowledge. The focus is on the description of cellular factors being involved in the life cycle of HDV and the deregulation of cellular pathways by HDV with respect to their relevance for viral replication, morphogenesis and HDV-associated pathogenesis. Moreover, recent progress in antiviral strategies targeting cellular structures is summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eberhard Hildt
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Department of Virology, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (K.T.); (M.B.)
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17
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Joseph J, Premeaux TA, Pinto DO, Rao A, Guha S, Panfil AR, Carey AJ, Ndhlovu LC, Bergmann‐Leitner ES, Jain P. Retroviral b-Zip protein (HBZ) contributes to the release of soluble and exosomal immune checkpoint molecules in the context of neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e102. [PMID: 37547182 PMCID: PMC10399615 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive, neuroinflammatory demyelinating condition of the spinal cord. We have previously shown that aberrant expression and activity of immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules such as PD-1 and PD-L1/PD-L2, negatively associates with the cytolytic potential of T cells in individuals with HAM/TSP. Interestingly, ICPs can exist in a soluble cell-free form and can be carried on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes (small EVs, <300nm) while maintaining their immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, we investigated the role of soluble and exosomal ICPs in HTLV-1 associated neuroinflammation. For the very first time, we demonstrate a unique elevated presence of several stimulatory (CD27, CD28, 4-1BB) and inhibitory (BTLA, CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2) ICP receptors in HAM/TSP sera, and in purified exosomes from a HAM/TSP-derived HTLV-1-producing (OSP2) cells. These ICPs were found to be co-localized with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway proteins and exhibited functional binding with their respective ligands. Viral proteins and cytokines (primarily IFNγ) were found to be present in purified exosomes. IFNγ exposure enhanced the release of ICP molecules while antiretroviral drugs (Azidothymidine and Lopinavir) significantly inhibited this process. HTLV-1 b-Zip protein (HBZ) has been linked to factors that enhance EV release and concurrent knockdown here led to the reduced expression of ESCRT associated genes (eg. Hrs, Vsp4, Alix, Tsg101) as well as abrogated the release of ICP molecules, suggesting HBZ involvement in this process. Moreso, exosomes from OSP2 cells adversely affected CD8 T-cell functions by dimishing levels of cytokines and cytotoxic factors. Collectively, these findings highlight exosome-mediated immunmodulation of T-cell functions with HBZ and ESCRT pathways as an underlying mechanism in the context of HTLV-1-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Thomas A. Premeaux
- Weill Cornel Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Daniel O. Pinto
- Immunology Core, Biologics Research and DevelopmentWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringsMDUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Shrobona Guha
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of PediatricsDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Weill Cornel Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Elke S. Bergmann‐Leitner
- Immunology Core, Biologics Research and DevelopmentWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringsMDUSA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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18
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Parthasarathy G, Hirsova P, Kostallari E, Sidhu GS, Ibrahim SH, Malhi H. Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatobiliary Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4631-4658. [PMID: 37358519 PMCID: PMC10798368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by cells and are an important means of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological states. We provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo selection, recipient cell effects, and key considerations in isolation and characterization techniques. Studies on the physiological role of EVs have relied on cell-based model systems due to technical limitations of studying endogenous nanoparticles in vivo . Several recent studies have elucidated the mechanistic role of EVs in liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, acute liver injury, and liver cancers. Employing disease models and human samples, the biogenesis of lipotoxic EVs downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress and microvesicles via intracellular activation stress signaling are discussed in detail. The diverse cargoes of EVs including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids can be enriched in a disease-specific manner. By carrying diverse cargo, EVs can directly confer pathogenic potential, for example, recruitment and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages in NASH and tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss the pathogenic role of EVs cargoes and the signaling pathways activated by EVs in recipient cells. We review the literature that EVs can serve as biomarkers in hepatobiliary diseases. Further, we describe novel approaches to engineer EVs to deliver regulatory signals to specific cell types, and thus use them as therapeutic shuttles in liver diseases. Lastly, we identify key lacunae and future directions in this promising field of discovery and development. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4631-4658, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guneet S. Sidhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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19
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Chen Z, Yang K, Zhang J, Ren S, Chen H, Guo J, Cui Y, Wang T, Wang M. Systems crosstalk between antiviral response and cancerous pathways via extracellular vesicles in HIV-1-associated colorectal cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3369-3382. [PMID: 37389186 PMCID: PMC10300105 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 associated colorectal cancer (HA-CRC) is one of the most understudied non-AIDS-defining cancers. In this study, we analyzed the proteome of HA-CRC and the paired remote tissues (HA-RT) through data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (MS). The quantified proteins could differentiate the HA-CRC and HA-RT groups per PCA or cluster analyses. As a background comparison, we reanalyzed the MS data of non-HIV-1 infected CRC (non-HA-CRC) published by CPTAC. According to the GSEA results, we found that HA-CRC and non-HA-CRC shared similarly over-represented KEGG pathways. Hallmark analysis suggested that terms of antiviral response were only significantly enriched in HA-CRC. The network and molecular system analysis centered the crosstalk of IFN-associated antiviral response and cancerous pathways, which was favored by significant up-regulation of ISGylated proteins as detected in the HA-CRC tissues. We further proved that defective HIV-1 reservoir cells as represented by the 8E5 cells could activate the IFN pathway in human macrophages via horizonal transfer of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA (CA-HIV RNA) carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In conclusion, HIV-1 reservoir cells secreted and CA-HIV RNA-containing EVs can induce IFN pathway activation in macrophages that contributes to one of the mechanistic explanations of the systems crosstalk between antiviral response and cancerous pathways in HA-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shufan Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yizhi Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Tong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
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20
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Rädler J, Gupta D, Zickler A, Andaloussi SE. Exploiting the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles for bioengineering and therapeutic cargo loading. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1231-1250. [PMID: 36805147 PMCID: PMC10188647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various diseases. These natural nanoparticles benefit from favorable safety profiles and unique biodistribution capabilities, rendering them attractive drug-delivery modalities over synthetic analogs. However, the widespread use of EVs is limited by technological shortcomings and biological knowledge gaps that fail to unravel their heterogeneity. An in-depth understanding of their biogenesis is crucial to unlocking their full therapeutic potential. Here, we explore how knowledge about EV biogenesis can be exploited for EV bioengineering to load therapeutic protein or nucleic acid cargos into or onto EVs. We summarize more than 75 articles and discuss their findings on the formation and composition of exosomes and microvesicles, revealing multiple pathways that may be stimulation and/or cargo dependent. Our analysis further identifies key regulators of natural EV cargo loading and we discuss how this knowledge is integrated to develop engineered EV biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rädler
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Antje Zickler
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
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21
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Kaminski VDL, Michita RT, Ellwanger JH, Veit TD, Schuch JB, Riesgo RDS, Roman T, Chies JAB. Exploring potential impacts of pregnancy-related maternal immune activation and extracellular vesicles on immune alterations observed in autism spectrum disorder. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15593. [PMID: 37305482 PMCID: PMC10256833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders usually observed in early life, with impacts on behavioral and social skills. Incidence of ASD has been dramatically increasing worldwide, possibly due to increase in awareness/diagnosis as well as to genetic and environmental triggers. Currently, it is estimated that ∼1% of the world population presents ASD symptoms. In addition to its genetic background, environmental and immune-related factors also influence the ASD etiology. In this context, maternal immune activation (MIA) has recently been suggested as a component potentially involved in ASD development. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are abundant at the maternal-fetal interface and are actively involved in the immunoregulation required for a healthy pregnancy. Considering that alterations in concentration and content of EVs have also been associated with ASD, this article raises a debate about the potential roles of EVs in the processes surrounding MIA. This represents the major differential of the present review compared to other ASD studies. To support the suggested correlations and hypotheses, findings regarding the roles of EVs during pregnancy and potential influences on ASD are discussed, along with a review and update concerning the participation of infections, cytokine unbalances, overweight and obesity, maternal anti-fetal brain antibodies, maternal fever, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, labor type and microbiota unbalances in MIA and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia - ICT, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tomoya Michita
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Degani Veit
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudimar dos Santos Riesgo
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Roman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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22
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Peng Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Shi T, Luan Y, Yin C. Exosome and virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154217. [PMID: 37063897 PMCID: PMC10098074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are messengers of intercellular communication in monolayer vesicles derived from cells. It affects the pathophysiological process of the body in various diseases, such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. It has been confirmed that exosomes are similar to viruses in biogenesis, and exosome cargo is widely involved in many viruses’ replication, transmission, and infection. Simultaneously, virus-associated exosomes can promote immune escape and activate the antiviral immune response of the body, which bidirectionally modulates the immune response. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in HIV, HBV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the prospects of exosome development. These insights may be translated into therapeutic measures for viral infections and reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingyi Luan
- *Correspondence: Yingyi Luan, ; Chenghong Yin,
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23
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Zaiets I, Gunewardena S, Menne S, Weinman SA, Gudima SO. Sera of Individuals Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Contain Diverse RNA Types Produced by HBV Replication or Derived from Integrated HBV DNA. J Virol 2023; 97:e0195022. [PMID: 36877036 PMCID: PMC10062156 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01950-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to better characterize the repertoire of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNAs during chronic HBV infection in humans, which remains understudied. Using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), RNA-sequencing, and immunoprecipitation, we found that (i) >50% of serum samples bore different amounts of HBV replication-derived RNAs (rd-RNAs); (ii) a few samples contained RNAs transcribed from integrated HBV DNA, including 5'-HBV-human-3' RNAs (integrant-derived RNAs [id-RNAs]) and 5'-human-HBV-3' transcripts, as a minority of serum HBV RNAs; (iii) spliced HBV RNAs were abundant in <50% of analyzed samples; (iv) most serum rd-RNAs were polyadenylated via conventional HBV polyadenylation signal; (v) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was the major component of the pool of serum RNAs; (vi) the area of HBV positions 1531 to 1739 had very high RNA read coverage and thus should be used as a target for detecting serum HBV RNAs; (vii) the vast majority of rd-RNAs and pgRNA were associated with HBV virions but not with unenveloped capsids, exosomes, classic microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles and bodies; (viii) considerable rd-RNAs presence in the circulating immune complexes was found in a few samples; and (ix) serum relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) and rd-RNAs should be quantified simultaneously to evaluate HBV replication status and efficacy of anti-HBV therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogs. In summary, sera contain various HBV RNA types of different origin, which are likely secreted via different mechanisms. In addition, since we previously showed that id-RNAs were abundant or predominant HBV RNAs in many of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues as compared to rd-RNAs, there is likely a mechanism favoring the egress of replication-derived RNAs. IMPORTANCE The presence of integrant-derived RNAs (id-RNAs) and 5'-human-HBV-3' transcripts derived from integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in sera was demonstrated for the first time. Thus, sera of individuals chronically infected with HBV contained both replication-derived and integrant-transcribed HBV RNAs. The majority of serum HBV RNAs were the transcripts produced by HBV genome replication, which were associated with HBV virions and not with other types of extracellular vesicles. These and other above-mentioned findings advanced our understanding of the HBV life cycle. In addition, the study suggested a promising target area on the HBV genome to increase sensitivity of the detection of serum HBV RNAs and supported the idea that simultaneous detection of replication-derived RNAs (rd-RNAs) and relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) in serum provides more adequate evaluation of (i) the HBV genome replication status and (ii) the durability and efficiency of the therapy with anti-HBV nucleos(t)ide analogs, which could be useful for improvement of the diagnostics and treatment of HBV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zaiets
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Severin O. Gudima
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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24
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Doghish AS, Elballal MS, Elazazy O, Elesawy AE, Elrebehy MA, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Sallam AAM. The role of miRNAs in liver diseases: Potential therapeutic and clinical applications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154375. [PMID: 36801506 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNAs that function post-transcriptionally to regulate gene expression by binding to particular mRNA targets and causing destruction of the mRNA or translational inhibition of the mRNA. The miRNAs control the range of liver activities, from the healthy to the unhealthy. Considering that miRNA dysregulation is linked to liver damage, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis, miRNAs are a promising therapeutic strategy for the evaluation and treatment of liver illnesses. Recent findings on the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases are discussed, with an emphasis on miRNAs that are highly expressed or enriched in hepatocytes. Alcohol-related liver illness, acute liver toxicity, viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and exosomes in chronic liver disease all emphasize the roles and target genes of these miRNAs. We briefly discuss the function of miRNAs in the etiology of liver diseases, namely in the transfer of information between hepatocytes and other cell types via extracellular vesicles. Here we offer some background on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for the early prognosis, diagnosis, and assessment of liver diseases. The identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver disorders will be made possible by future research into miRNAs in the liver, which will also help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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25
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Huang D, Taha MS, Nocera AL, Workman AD, Amiji MM, Bleier BS. Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm-mediated nasal antiviral immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:509-525.e8. [PMID: 36494212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human upper respiratory tract is the first site of contact for inhaled respiratory viruses and elaborates an array of innate immune responses. Seasonal variation in respiratory viral infections and the importance of ambient temperature in modulating immune responses to infections have been well recognized; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understudied. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of nasal epithelium-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in innate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent antiviral immunity. METHODS We evaluated the secretion and composition of nasal epithelial EVs after TLR3 stimulation in human autologous cells and fresh human nasal mucosal surgical specimens. We also explored the antiviral activity and mechanisms of TLR3-stimulated EVs against respiratory viruses as well as the effect of cool ambient temperature on TLR3-dependent antiviral immunity. RESULTS We found that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, aka poly(I:C), exposure induced a swarm-like increase in the secretion of nasal epithelial EVs via the TLR3 signaling. EVs participated in TLR3-dependent antiviral immunity, protecting the host from viral infections through both EV-mediated functional delivery of miR-17 and direct virion neutralization after binding to virus ligands via surface receptors, including LDLR and ICAM-1. These potent antiviral immune defense functions mediated by TLR3-stimulated EVs were impaired by cold exposure via a decrease in total EV secretion as well as diminished microRNA packaging and antiviral binding affinity of individual EV. CONCLUSION TLR3-dependent nasal epithelial EVs exhibit multiple innate antiviral mechanisms to suppress respiratory viral infections. Furthermore, our study provides a direct quantitative mechanistic explanation for seasonal variation in upper respiratory tract infection prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Boston, Mass
| | - Maie S Taha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Angela L Nocera
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Boston, Mass
| | - Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Boston, Mass.
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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26
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Lucifora J, Alfaiate D, Pons C, Michelet M, Ramirez R, Fusil F, Amirache F, Rossi A, Legrand AF, Charles E, Vegna S, Farhat R, Rivoire M, Passot G, Gadot N, Testoni B, Bach C, Baumert TF, Hyrina A, Beran RK, Zoulim F, Boonstra A, Büning H, Verrier ER, Cosset FL, Fletcher SP, Salvetti A, Durantel D. Hepatitis D virus interferes with hepatitis B virus RNA production via interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Hepatol 2023; 78:958-970. [PMID: 36702177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic coinfection with HBV and HDV leads to the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the widely reported observation that HDV interferes with HBV in most coinfected patients. METHODS Patient liver tissues, primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells and human liver chimeric mice were used to analyze the effect of HDV on HBV using virological and RNA-sequencing analyses, as well as RNA synthesis, stability and association assays. RESULTS Transcriptomic analyses in cell culture and mouse models of coinfection enabled us to define an HDV-induced signature, mainly composed of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). We also provide evidence that ISGs are upregulated in chronically HDV/HBV-coinfected patients but not in cells that only express HDV antigen (HDAg). Inhibition of the hepatocyte IFN response partially rescued the levels of HBV parameters. We observed less HBV RNA synthesis upon HDV infection or HDV protein expression. Additionally, HDV infection or expression of HDAg alone specifically accelerated the decay of HBV RNA, and HDAg was associated with HBV RNAs. On the contrary, HDAg expression did not affect other viruses such as HCV or SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that HDV interferes with HBV through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms. Specifically, we uncover a new viral interference mechanism in which proteins of a satellite virus affect the RNA production of its helper virus. Exploiting these findings could pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies against HBV. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Although the molecular mechanisms remained unexplored, it has long been known that despite its dependency, HDV decreases HBV viremia in patients. Herein, using in vitro and in vivo models, we showed that HDV interferes with HBV through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms affecting HBV RNA metabolism, and we defined the HDV-induced modulation signature. The mechanisms we uncovered could pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies against HBV by mimicking and/or increasing the effect of HDAg on HBV RNA. Additionally, the HDV-induced modulation signature could potentially be correlated with responsiveness to IFN-α treatment, thereby helping to guide management of HBV/HDV-coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Pons
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Floriane Fusil
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Fouzia Amirache
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Axel Rossi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Flore Legrand
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Charles
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Serena Vegna
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Rayan Farhat
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Guillaume Passot
- Service de chirurgie générale et Oncologique, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon Et CICLY, EA3738, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Bach
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anna Salvetti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Gong J, Tu W, Liu J, Tian D. Hepatocytes: A key role in liver inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1083780. [PMID: 36741394 PMCID: PMC9890163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, are responsible for a variety of cellular functions including carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, detoxification and immune cell activation to maintain liver homeotasis. Recent studies show hepatocytes play a pivotal role in liver inflammation. After receiving liver insults and inflammatory signals, hepatocytes may undergo organelle damage, and further respond by releasing mediators and expressing molecules that can act in the microenvironment as well as initiate a robust inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize how the hepatic organelle damage link to liver inflammation and introduce numerous hepatocyte-derived pro-inflammatory factors in response to chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean Tian
- *Correspondence: Jingmei Liu, ; Dean Tian,
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28
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies DDX60 as a Potential Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:8564650. [PMID: 36655136 PMCID: PMC9842429 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8564650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with strong heterogeneity, leading to variable clinical symptoms, which makes diagnosis and activity evaluation difficult. Methods The original dataset of GSE88884 was analyzed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SLE and the correlation between DEGs and clinical parameters (SLEDAI, anti-dsDNA, C3, and C4). The result was validated by microarray GSE121239 and SLE patients with RT-qPCR. Next, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, correlation analysis, and ordinal logistic regression were applied, respectively, to evaluate the capability of diagnosis and prediction of the candidate biomarker. Subsequently, the biological functions of the candidate biomarker were investigated through KEGG and GO enrichment, protein-protein interaction network, and the correlation matrix. Results A total of 283 DEGs were screened, and seven of them were overlapped with SLE-related genes. DDX60 was identified as the candidate biomarker. Analyses of GSE88884, GSE121239, and SLE patients with RT-qPCR indicated that DDX60 expression level is significantly higher in patients with high disease activity. ROC analysis and the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.8818) suggested that DDX60 has good diagnostic performance. DDX60 expression level was positively correlated with SLEDAI scores (r = 0.24). For every 1-unit increase in DDX60 expression value, the odds of a higher stage of activity of SLE disease are multiplied by 1.47. The function of DDX60 mainly focuses on IFN-I-induced antiviral activities, RIG-I signaling, and innate immune. Moreover, DDX60 plays a synergistic role with DDX58, IFIH1, OASL, IFIT1, and other related genes in the SLE pathogenesis. Conclusions. DDX60 is differently expressed in SLE, and it is significantly related to both serological indicators and the disease activity of SLE. We suggested that DDX60 might be a potential biomarker for SLE diagnosis and management.
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Lu X, Song M, Gao N. Extracellular Vesicles and Fatty Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:129-141. [PMID: 37603277 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a complex pathological process caused by multiple etiologies. In recent years, the incidence of fatty liver has been increasing year by year, and it has developed into a common chronic disease that seriously affects people's health around the world. It is an important risk factor for liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and a variety of extrahepatic chronic diseases. Therefore, the early diagnosis and early therapy of fatty liver are important. Except for invasive liver biopsy, there is still a lack of reliable diagnosis and staging methods. Extracellular vesicles are small double-layer lipid membrane vesicles derived from most types of cells. They play an important role in intercellular communication and participate in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Since extracellular vesicles can carry a variety of biologically active substances after they are released by cells, they have received widespread attention. The occurrence and development of fatty liver are also closely related to extracellular vesicles. In addition, extracellular vesicles are expected to provide a new direction for the diagnosis of fatty liver. This article reviews the relationship between extracellular vesicles and fatty liver, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Lu
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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Xu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Kong X, Yin Y, Jia Z, Zhang X, Peng B, Ji M, Pan W. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220585. [PMID: 37077344 PMCID: PMC10106972 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined exosomal hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels in chronic HBV infection (CHB). Patients were grouped according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver classification (1: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT]; 2: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 3: HBV-DNA-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, normal ALT; 4: HBV-DNA-positive HBeAg-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 5: HBV-DNA-negative, HBcAb-positive; 6: HBV-negative, normal ALT). Exosomes were isolated, comparative analysis of exosomes and serum HBV-DNA. The HBV-DNA content was lower in exosomes than in serum for groups 1, 2, and 4 (all P < 0.05). In the groups negative for serum HBV-DNA (groups 3 and 5), the exosomal HBV-DNA levels were higher than the serum HBV-DNA levels (all P < 0.05). The exosomal and serum HBV-DNA levels were correlated in groups 2 (R 2 = 0.84) and 4 (R 2 = 0.98). The exosomal HBV-DNA levels were correlated with total bilirubin (R 2 = 0.94), direct bilirubin (R 2 = 0.82), and indirect bilirubin (R 2 = 0.81) in group 5 (all P < 0.05). In patients with CHB and negative for serum HBV-DNA, exosomal HBV-DNA was detectable and could be used to monitor the treatment effects. Exosomal HBV-DNA could be used in patients with a high suspicion of HBV infection but negative for serum HBV-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Pathogen Biology and Immunology & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, China
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Pathogen Biology and Immunology & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Experimental Teaching Center for Pathogen Biology and Immunology & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Zhiwei Jia
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, China
| | - Min Ji
- People’s Hospital of Jianyang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 641400, China
| | - Wanlong Pan
- Experimental Teaching Center for Pathogen Biology and Immunology & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, China
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31
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Exosomes in HBV infection. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:65-69. [PMID: 36375524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have been identified as important mediators of intercellular communication in several physiological and pathological processes. Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which impairs hepatocytes, with chronic infection resulting in cirrhosis or liver cancer. We studied the roles and functions of exosomes in HBV infection and found that exosomes could promote HBV spread and development of HBV-related diseases. Exosomes could be used as potential biomarkers for HBV diagnosis. Furthermore, exosomes have potential applications in treatment for HBV infection via inhibition of HBV replication and transcription.
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32
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Zhao X, Xue X, Cui Z, Kwame Amevor F, Wan Y, Fu K, Wang C, Peng C, Li Y. microRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in liver fibrosis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022:e1773. [PMID: 36585388 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a process of over-extracellular matrix (ECM) aggregation and angiogenesis, which develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing pressure of liver fibrosis, new therapeutics to cure this disease requires much attention. Exosome-cargoed microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging approaches in the precision of the liver fibrotic paradigm. In this review, we outlined the different types of hepatic cells derived miRNAs that drive intra-/extra-cellular interactive communication in liver fibrosis with different physiological and pathological processes. Specifically, we highlighted the possible mechanism of liver fibrosis pathogenesis associated with immune response and angiogenesis. In addition, potential clinical biomarkers and different stem cell transplant-derived miRNAs-based therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis were summarized in this review. miRNAs-based approaches might help researchers devise new candidates for the cell-free treatment of liver fibrosis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Many Ways to Communicate-Crosstalk between the HBV-Infected Cell and Its Environment. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010029. [PMID: 36678377 PMCID: PMC9866324 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects an estimated 257 million people worldwide and can lead to liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral replication is generally considered not to be cytopathic, and although some HBV proteins may have direct carcinogenic effects, the majority of HBV infection-related disease is related to chronic inflammation resulting from disrupted antiviral responses and aberrant innate immune reactions. Like all cells, healthy and HBV-infected cells communicate with each other, as well as with other cell types, such as innate and adaptive immune cells. They do so by both interacting directly and by secreting factors into their environment. Such factors may be small molecules, such as metabolites, single viral proteins or host proteins, but can also be more complex, such as virions, protein complexes, and extracellular vesicles. The latter are small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that are exchanged between cells, and have recently gained a lot of attention for their potential to mediate complex communication and their potential for therapeutic repurposing. Here, we review how HBV infection affects the communication between HBV-infected cells and cells in their environment. We discuss the impact of these interactions on viral persistence in chronic infection, as well as their relation to HBV infection-related pathology.
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Nakhaie M, Jalilian FA, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A, Yarani R, Shojaeian A. Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:58. [DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exosomes are the smallest group of extracellular vesicles in size from 30 to 150 nm, surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, and originate from multivesicular bodies secreted by different types of cells, such as virus-infected cells. The critical role of exosomes is information transfer among cells, representing a unique way for intercellular communication via a load of many kinds of molecules, including various signaling proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the role of exosomes in promoting human oncogenic viruses-associated cancers.
Methods
Our search was conducted for published researches between 2000 and 2022 by using several international databases includeing Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.
Results
It has been shown that exosomes can create the conditions for viral spread in viral infections. Exosome secretion in a human tumor virus can switch on the cell signaling pathways by transferring exosome-encapsulated molecules, including viral oncoproteins, signal transduction molecules, and virus-encoded miRNAs, into various cells.
Conclusion
Given the role of exosomes in viruses-associated cancers, they can also be considered as molecular targets in diagnosis and treatment.
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35
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You H, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang F, Han Y, Yao J, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. The emerging role of DEAD/H-box helicases in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1062553. [PMID: 36506030 PMCID: PMC9732268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are an essential protein family with a conserved motif containing unique amino acid sequences (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). Current evidence indicates that DEAD/H-box helicases regulate RNA metabolism and innate immune responses. In recent years, DEAD/H-box helicases have been reported to participate in the development of a variety of diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that different DEAD/H-box helicases play vital roles in the regulation of viral replication, based on the interaction of DEAD/H-box helicases with HBV and the modulation of innate signaling pathways mediated by DEAD/H-box helicases. Besides these, HBV can alter the expression and activity of DEAD/H-box helicases to facilitate its biosynthesis. More importantly, current investigation suggests that targeting DEAD/H-box helicases with appropriate compounds is an attractive treatment strategy for the virus infection. In this review, we delineate recent advances in molecular mechanisms relevant to the interplay of DEAD/H-box helicase and HBV and the potential of targeting DEAD/H-box helicase to eliminate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Han
- First School of Clinical Medical, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
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36
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Translational proteomics and phosphoproteomics: Tissue to extracellular vesicles. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:119-153. [PMID: 36642482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We are currently experiencing a rapidly developing era in terms of translational and clinical medical sciences. The relatively mature state of nucleic acid examination has significantly improved our understanding of disease mechanism and therapeutic potential of personalized treatment, but misses a large portion of phenotypic disease information. Proteins, in particular phosphorylation events that regulates many cellular functions, could provide real-time information for disease onset, progression and treatment efficacy. The technical advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have realized large-scale and unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome analyses with disease relevant samples such as tissues. However, tissue biopsy still has multiple shortcomings, such as invasiveness of sample collection, potential health risk for patients, difficulty in protein preservation and extreme heterogeneity. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have offered a great promise as a unique source of protein biomarkers for non-invasive liquid biopsy. Membranous EVs provide stable preservation of internal proteins and especially labile phosphoproteins, which is essential for effective routine biomarker detection. To aid efficient EV proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, recent developments showcase clinically-friendly EV techniques, facilitating diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Ultimately, we envision that with streamlined sample preparation from tissues and EVs proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis will become routine in clinical settings.
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37
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Yeung CLS, Yam JWP. Therapy-induced modulation of extracellular vesicles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1088-1101. [PMID: 35158067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapid development of anti-tumorigenic treatments, the clinical outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still far from satisfactory. With a deeper understanding about tumor microenvironment (TME), the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as intercellular liaison has come into spotlight. The dynamic functionality of these nanoparticles revealed cancer cells can employ both tumor and non-tumorous components for their own benefit, so as to mediate cell-to-cell communication and interchange of oncogenic biomolecules. Increasing studies on HCC-derived EVs have identified various irregulated biomolecules, that may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge about EVs and how they operate to maintain a healthy liver microenvironment. We then summarize some of the aberrant observations reported on HCC-derived EVs and how they contribute to HCC pathogenesis. Finally, we describe how current treatments for HCC alter behavior of EVs, which may shed light for potential prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherlie Lot Sum Yeung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong.
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38
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Sun Z, Liu X, Lu M, Zhang X, Sun J. Serum-derived exosomes induce proinflammatory cytokines production in Cynoglossus semilaevis via miR-133-3p. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104497. [PMID: 35921922 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by various types of cells. In mammals, a wide range of physiological and pathological functions have been confirmed and attributed to EVs carrying a variety of molecular cargoes, including miRNAs. However, studies on the biological functions and related molecular mechanisms of serum exosomes isolated from teleost fish are limited. Indeed, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of serum exosomes on immune responses and inflammatory processes are unknown. Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an economically important species used widely in industrial aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi, a common bacterial pathogen that infects C. semilaevis and some other fish, causes excessive inflammatory reactions, which are characterized by skin ulceration. Here, we isolated serum-derived exosomes from C. semilaevis and investigated their effects on inflammatory processes following V. harveyi infection. We found that compared with uninfected fish, exosome abundance in infected fish blood increased with bacterial infection time, while expression of TNF-α increased, and that of IL-10 decreased, significantly. Moreover, artificial infection studies demonstrated that injection of serum exosomes isolated from infected fish increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which is consistent with the increase in proinflammatory cytokines induced by V. harveyi infection. To further investigate the mechanisms by which exosomes increase proinflammatory cytokine production, we performed miRNA expression profiling and found that 26 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with bacterial infection and immune responses; of these, miR-133-3p was considerably more abundant in serum exosomes from infected fish. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-133-3p inhibits NF-κB signaling pathways by targeting PP2A and affecting cytokine release. We also found that miR-133-3p increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in fish blood and kidney, whereas an miR-133-3p inhibitor showed the opposite results. Thus, the data suggest that serum exosomes participate in innate immunity in teleost fish by promoting inflammatory responses to bacterial infection. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-133-3p increases expression of proinflammatory cytokines in C. semilaevis, resulting in excessive inflammatory responses during V. harveyi infection. These data may lead to development of methods and strategies that control skin ulceration in Chinese tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Meiyi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
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39
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Kaczmarek M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Bogucki Ł, Dutsch-Wicherek M. HPV-Related Cervical Cancer and Extracellular Vesicles. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2584. [PMID: 36359429 PMCID: PMC9689649 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in females worldwide. Infection with a human papillomavirus is crucial to the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer. The natural trajectory of HPV infection comprises HPV acquisition, HPV persistence versus clearance, and progression to precancer and invasive cancer. The majority of HPV infections are cleared and controlled by the immune system within 2 years, but some infections may become quiescent or undetectable. The persistence of high-risk HPV infection for a longer period of time enhances the risk of malignant transformation of infected cells; however, the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of infection are not yet well-understood. It is estimated that 10-15% of infections do persist, and the local microenvironment is now recognized as an important cofactor promoting infection maintenance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles derived from both normal cells and cancer cells. EVs contain various proteins, such as cytoskeletal proteins, adhesion molecules, heat shock proteins, major histocompatibility complex, and membrane fusion proteins. EVs derived from HPV-infected cells also contain viral proteins and nucleic acids. These biologically active molecules are transferred via EVs to target cells, constituting a kind of cell-to-cell communication. The viral components incorporated into EVs are transmitted independently of the production of infectious virions. This mode of transfer makes EVs a perfect vector for viruses and their components. EVs participate in both physiological and pathological conditions; they have also been identified as one of the mediators involved in cancer metastasis. This review discusses the potential role of EVs in remodeling the cervical cancer microenvironment which may be crucial to tumor development and the acquisition of metastatic potential. EVs are promising as potential biomarkers in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kaczmarek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bogucki
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dutsch-Wicherek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Hepatitis Viruses Control Host Immune Responses by Modifying the Exosomal Biogenesis Pathway and Cargo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810862. [PMID: 36142773 PMCID: PMC9505460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide arising from different causes, such as pathogens, metabolic disorders, and xenotoxins, with the five hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) representing the majority of the cases. Most of the hepatitis viruses are considered enveloped. Recently, it was reported that the non-enveloped HAV and HEV are, in reality, quasi-enveloped viruses exploiting exosomal-like biogenesis mechanisms for budding. Regardless, all hepatitis viruses use exosomes to egress, regulate, and eventually escape from the host immune system, revealing another key function of exosomes apart from their recognised role in intercellular communication. This review will discuss how the hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread. Then, we will outline the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
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41
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Wu X, Xu X, Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Yue G, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:163. [PMID: 36045437 PMCID: PMC9429695 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing RNA and proteins that are specifically secreted in vivo. Exosomes have many functions, such as material transport and signal transduction between cells. Many studies have proven that exosomes can not only be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also as carriers to transmit information between cells. Exosomes participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumour development. Differences in exosome functions depend on cell type. In recent years, exosome origin, cargo composition, and precise regulatory mechanisms have been the focus of research. Although exosomes have been extensively reported in digestive tumours, few articles have reviewed their roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, especially inflammatory-related diseases (such as reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and pancreatitis). This paper briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system to provide a basis for research on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system targeted by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiming An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Tian BW, Han CL, Dong ZR, Tan SY, Wang DX, Li T. Role of Exosomes in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164036. [PMID: 36011030 PMCID: PMC9406927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, having a significantly poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, as an emerging tumor treatment option, provides new hope for many cancer patients. However, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. As a critical cell-to-cell communication mediator in the tumor immune microenvironment, exosomes may play a unique role in hepatocellular carcinoma immune response and thus affect the efficiency of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss related research on the roles of exosomes in the current immunotherapy resistance mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, we also clarify the excellent predictive value of exosomes and the roles they play in improving immunotherapy efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. We hope that our review can help readers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of exosomes’ roles in hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, having a significantly poor prognosis and no sufficiently efficient treatments. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has provided new therapeutic approaches for HCC patients. Nevertheless, most patients with HCC do not benefit from immunotherapy. Exosomes are biologically active lipid bilayer nano-sized vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm and can be secreted by almost any cell. In the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME), numerous cells are involved in tumor progression, and exosomes—derived from tumor cells and immune cells—exhibit unique composition profiles and act as intercellular communicators by transporting various substances. Showing the dual characteristics of tumor promotion and suppression, exosomes exert multiple functions in shaping tumor immune responses in the crosstalk between tumor cells and surrounding immune cells, mediating immunotherapy resistance by affecting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis or the anti-tumor function of immune cells in the TME. Targeting exosomes or the application of exosomes as therapies is involved in many aspects of HCC immunotherapies (e.g., ICIs, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy) and may substantially enhance their efficacy. In this review, we discuss the impact of exosomes on the HCC TME and comprehensively summarize the role of exosomes in immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic application. We also discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy to help clinicians in identifying HCC patients who are amenable to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Cheng-Long Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Si-Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-531-8216-6651
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Sotty J, Bablon P, Lekbaby B, Augustin J, Girier-Dufournier M, Langlois L, Dorival C, Carrat F, Pol S, Fontaine H, Sarica N, Neuveut C, Housset C, Kremdsorf D, Schnuriger A, Soussan P. Diversity of the nucleic acid forms of circulating HBV in chronically infected patients and its impact on viral cycle. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:1259-1272. [PMID: 35927368 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the prototypical hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious particle, which contains a full-length double-stranded DNA (flDNA), additional circulating virus-like particles, which carry pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), spliced1RNA (sp1RNA) or spliced-derived DNA (defDNA) forms have been described. We aimed to determine the level of these four circulating forms in patients and to evaluate their impact on viral lifecycle. METHODS Chronic HBV untreated patients (n = 162), included in the HEPATHER cohort, were investigated. Pangenomic qPCRs were set up to quantify the four circulating forms of HBV nucleic acids (HBVnaf). In vitro infection assays were performed to address the impact of HBVnaf. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering individualized two clusters of HBVnaf diversity among patients: (1) cluster 1 (C1) showing a predominance of flDNA; (2) cluster 2 (C2) showing various proportions of the different forms. HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis phase and higher viral load (7.0 ± 6.4 vs 6.6 ± 6.2 Log10 copies/ml; p < 0.001) characterized C2 compared to C1 patients. Among the different HBVnaf, pgRNA was more prevalent in C1 patients with high vs low HBV viral load (22.1% ± 2.5% vs 4.1% ± 1.8% of HBVnaf, p < 0.0001) but remained highly prevalent in C2 patients, whatever the level of replication. C2 patients samples used in infection assays showed that: (1) HBVnaf secretion was independent of the viral strain; (2) the viral cycle efficiency differed according to the proportion of HBVnaf in the inoculum, independently of cccDNA formation. Inoculum enrichment before infection suggests that pgRNA-containing particles drive this impact on viral replication. CONCLUSION Besides the critical role of HBV replication in circulating HBVnaf diversity, our data highlight an impact of this diversity on the dynamics of viral cycle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Patients were included from a prospective multicenter French national cohort (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, NCT01953458).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Sotty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bablon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Morgane Girier-Dufournier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Département d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Département d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Nazim Sarica
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Dina Kremdsorf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Schnuriger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Département de Virologie, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France.
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Effects of Exosomal Viral Components on the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143552. [PMID: 35884611 PMCID: PMC9317196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncogenic viral infection may lead to cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cervical cancer. In addition to the tumor cells themselves, the tumor microenvironment also plays a decisive role in tumor evolution. Oncogenic viruses can affect the tumor microenvironment via exosomes influencing the occurrence and development of tumors by encapsulating and transporting viral components. This review focuses on the effects of virus-infected cancer exosomes on tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Abstract Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm, produced by different eukaryotic cells that contain multitudinous lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. They transfer membrane components and nucleic acids between cells, thereby performing an information exchange between cells. Many studies have shown that a variety of tumor-associated viruses can exert their biological functions through exosomes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is very important in the occurrence, development, and chemoresistance of tumors. It is composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and acellular components, such as exosomes and cytokines. This review focuses on the effects of virus-related components secreted by tumor cells over the TME in several virus-associated cancers.
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Wang T, Miao F, Lv S, Li L, Wei F, Hou L, Sun R, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang G, Xiang H, Meng K, Wan Z, Wang B, Feng G, Zhao Z, Luo D, Li N, Tu C, Wang H, Xue X, Liu Y, Gao Y. Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cynomolgus Macaque at Early Stage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954121. [PMID: 35903092 PMCID: PMC9315341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tremendous effort has been exerted to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 cases, the detailed mechanism of moderate cases, which accounts for 90% of all patients, remains unclear yet, partly limited by lacking the biopsy tissues. Here, we established the COVID-19 infection model in cynomolgus macaques (CMs), monitored the clinical and pathological features, and analyzed underlying pathogenic mechanisms at early infection stage by performing proteomic and metabolomic profiling of lung tissues and sera samples from COVID-19 CMs models. Our data demonstrated that innate immune response, neutrophile and platelet activation were mainly dysregulated in COVID-19 CMs. The symptom of neutrophilia, lymphopenia and massive "cytokines storm", main features of severe COVID-19 patients, were greatly weakened in most of the challenged CMs, which are more semblable as moderate patients. Thus, COVID-19 model in CMs is rational to understand the pathogenesis of moderate COVID-19 and may be a candidate model to assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Faming Miao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Vaccine and Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Renren Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, and National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Keyin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Vaccine and Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Deyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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46
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You J, Wu W, Lu M, Xie Y, Miao R, Gu M, Xi D, Yan W, Wu D, Wang X, Chen T, Ning Q, Han M. Hepatic exosomes with declined MiR-27b-3p trigger RIG-I/TBK1 signal pathway in macrophages. Liver Int 2022; 42:1676-1691. [PMID: 35460174 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence suggests that interferon alpha (IFNα) plays an essential role in decreasing the HBsAg quantification and elevating the rate of clinical cure in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of the exosomes on the expression of host genes in IFNα treatment remain unclear. METHODS CHB patients with IFNα treatment were divided into responders and non-responders according to the degree of HBsAg decline. Through microRNA sequencing and a series of molecular biology methods, the key microRNAs in serum exosomes associated with clinical antiviral response of Peg-IFNα treatment in nucleotide analogue-treated CHB patients were investigated. The roles of exosomal miRNAs on the IFNα signal pathway were explored in macrophages. RESULTS MicroRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR assays confirmed six distinctly declined miRNAs in serum exosomes of responders at week 12 compared with levels at baseline. Exosomes with declined miR27b-3p in the serum of Peg-IFNα-treated responders activated phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3/7 (IRF3/7) in IFNα synthesis pathway in macrophages. However, miR27b-3p overexpression in HepAD38 cells suppressed IFNα synthesis in macrophages, resulting in insufficient ability to eliminate HBV, whereas the inhibitory effect could be blocked by inhibitors of exosomes release. Luciferase assay showed miR-27b-3p directly suppressed retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expressions, and these effects could be abrogated in mutation experiments. CONCLUSIONS In IFNα treatment, exosomes with declined miR-27b-3p triggered activation of RIG-I/TBK1 signalling in macrophages against HBV. Serum exosomal miR-27-3p might represent a potential biomarker for patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie You
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanghao Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Misi Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Xi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Wuhan, China
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Chu Q, Li J, Chen J, Yuan Z. HBV induced the discharge of intrinsic antiviral miRNAs in HBV-replicating hepatocytes via extracellular vesicles to facilitate its replication. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35604380 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause chronic hepatitis B, has sophisticated machinery to establish persistent infection. Here, we report a novel mechanism whereby HBV changed miRNA packaging into extracellular vesicles (EVs) to facilitate replication. Disruption of the miRNA machinery in hepatocytes enhanced HBV replication, indicating an intrinsic miRNA-mediated antiviral state. Interference with EV release only decreased HBV replication if there was normal miRNA biogenesis, suggesting a possible link between HBV replication and EV-associated miRNAs. Microarray and qPCR analyses revealed that HBV replication changed miRNA expression in EVs. EV incubation, transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors, and functional pathway and network analyses showed that EV miRNAs are associated with antiviral function, suggesting that to promote survival HBV coopts EVs to excrete anti-HBV intracellular miRNAs. These data suggest a novel mechanism by which HBV maintains its replication, which has therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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48
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Role of Exosomes in Chronic Liver Disease Development and Their Potential Clinical Applications. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1695802. [PMID: 35571570 PMCID: PMC9106457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1695802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular bodies (40-1000 nm) with double-layer membrane structures released by different cell types into extracellular environments, including apoptosis bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes (30-100 nm) are vesicles enclosed by extracellular membrane and contain effective molecules of secretory cells. They are derived from intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their intracellular vesicles by exocytosis. Research has shown that almost all human cells could secrete exosomes, which have a certain relationship with corresponding diseases. In chronic liver diseases, exosomes release a variety of bioactive components into extracellular spaces, mediating intercellular signal transduction and materials transport. Moreover, exosomes play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various chronic liver diseases as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Previous studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-ex) could alleviate acute and chronic liver injury and have the advantages of high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. In this paper, we briefly summarize the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of different chronic liver diseases and the latest research progresses of MSC-ex as the clinical therapeutic targets.
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Hong Y, Truong AD, Vu TH, Lee S, Heo J, Kang S, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Exosomes from H5N1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens regulate antiviral immune responses of chicken immune cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:104368. [PMID: 35104460 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (membrane-derived vesicles) enable intracellular communication by delivering lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA from one cell to another. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry and poses a public health concern. The host innate immune system defends against H5N1 infection by activating antiviral immune responses. This study aimed to demonstrated that immunomodulatory effects of exosomes from HPAIV H5N1-infected White Leghorn chickens on chicken macrophages, fibroblasts, T cell, and B cell lines. The expression of type I interferons (IFN-α and -β) were highly upregulated in immune-related cell lines after treatment with exosomes derived from H5N1-infected chickens. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β, and CXCL8, were also elevated by the exosomes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was stimulated in immune-related cells by such exosomes via phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 and p38 signaling molecules. Furthermore, the H5N1 viral proteins, nucleoprotein (NP) and non-structural protein (NS1), were packaged in exosomes and successfully transferred to non-infected immune-related cells. Therefore, exosomes from H5N1-infected chickens induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and stimulated the MAPK signaling pathway by delivering key viral proteins. These findings would aid better understanding of the mechanism underlying the modulation of antiviral immune responses of host immune-related cells by viral-protein-carrying exosomes and support their further application as a novel exosome-based H5N1 AIV vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jubi Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Zhou ZW, Zheng W, Xiang Z, Ye CS, Yin QQ, Wang SH, Xu CA, Wu WH, Hui TC, Wu QQ, Zhao LY, Pan HY, Xu KY. Clinical implications of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in liver. J Transl Med 2022; 102:464-473. [PMID: 35013531 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, one of three main types of extracellular vesicles, are ~30-100 nm in diameter and have a lipid bilayer membrane. They are widely distributed in almost all body fluids. Exosomes have the potential to regulate unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication, organ homeostasis, and diseases. They are critical signal carriers that transfer nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other substances into recipient cells, participating in cellular signal transduction and material exchange. ncRNAs are non-protein-coding genes that account for over 90% of the genome and include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). ncRNAs are crucial for physiological and pathological activities in the liver by participating in gene transcription, posttranscriptional epigenetic regulation, and cellular processes through interacting with DNA, RNA, or proteins. Recent evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies indicates that exosome-derived noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highly involved in the progression of acute and chronic liver diseases by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, innate immunity, viral infection, fibrosis, and cancer. Therefore, exosome-derived ncRNAs have promising potential and clinical implications for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wen Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Cun Si Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qiao Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shou Hao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng An Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Chen Hui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Qing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Yun Zhao
- Emergency Medicine Unit, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China. .,Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China.
| | - Ke Yang Xu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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