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Zakerska-Banaszak O, Zuraszek-Szymanska J, Eder P, Ladziak K, Slomski R, Skrzypczak-Zielinska M. The Role of Host Genetics and Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome as a New Insight into IBD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9589. [PMID: 39273536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable, chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract whose incidence increases every year. Scientific research constantly delivers new information about the disease and its multivariate, complex etiology. Nevertheless, full discovery and understanding of the complete mechanism of IBD pathogenesis still pose a significant challenge to today's science. Recent studies have unanimously confirmed the association of gut microbial dysbiosis with IBD and its contribution to the regulation of the inflammatory process. It transpires that the altered composition of pathogenic and commensal bacteria is not only characteristic of disturbed intestinal homeostasis in IBD, but also of viruses, parasites, and fungi, which are active in the intestine. The crucial function of the microbial metabolome in the human body is altered, which causes a wide range of effects on the host, thus providing a basis for the disease. On the other hand, human genomic and functional research has revealed more loci that play an essential role in gut homeostasis regulation, the immune response, and intestinal epithelial function. This review aims to organize and summarize the currently available knowledge concerning the role and interaction of crucial factors associated with IBD pathogenesis, notably, host genetic composition, intestinal microbiota and metabolome, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Ladziak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Slomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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2
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Chew DCH, Khoo XH, Lee TS, Chin KY, Raja Ali RA, Muhammad Nawawi KN, Wan Ibrahim NR, Hilmi I. A Systematic Review on the Increasing Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southeast Asia: Looking Beyond the Urbanization Phenomenon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1566-1578. [PMID: 37935628 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in Southeast Asia (SEA) in tandem with its economic growth and urbanization over the past 2 decades. Specific characteristics of IBD in SEA are similar to East Asia and the West, such as the declining ratio of ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease. However, exceptionally low familial aggregation is seen. Smoking is also not a common risk factor in patients with Crohn's disease. The incidence of perianal disease is higher in SEA than in Australia and is comparable to the West. In a multiracial population, such as Singapore and Malaysia, Indians have the highest incidence and prevalence rates, which are likely to be due to important putative mutations. For instance, a higher frequency of the NOD2 predisposing mutation SNP5 and IBD risk allele IGR2198a and IGR2092a were found in Indians. Although differences in the genetic constitution play an important role in the epidemiology and prognosis of IBD in SEA, the emergence of this disease offers a unique opportunity to identify potential exposomes that contribute to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chia Hsin Chew
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Hui Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tiong See Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Gorini F, Tonacci A. Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1762. [PMID: 38892695 PMCID: PMC11174782 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents a public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to the recent improvement of screening programs, leading to the detection of silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated due to common risk factors, including genetic setting, changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and deficiency of nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed the current evidence on the pivotal role of vitamin D in modulating both gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune system dysfunction, shedding light on the possible relevance of an adequate intake of this nutrient in the primary prevention of AITD and CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper vitamin D supplementation could be attractive in the context of personalized medicine, several issues remain to be defined, including standardized assays for vitamin D determination, timely recommendations on vitamin D intake for immune system functioning, and longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to definitely establish a causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of AITD and CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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4
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Kong L, Cao Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Role and molecular mechanism of NOD2 in chronic non-communicable diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:787-799. [PMID: 38740600 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), located in the cell cytoplasm, is a pattern recognition receptor belonging to the innate immune receptor family. It mediates the innate immune response by identifying conserved sequences in bacterial peptide glycans and plays an essential role in maintaining immune system homeostasis. Gene mutations of NOD2 lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome. Recently, NOD2 has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiac-cerebral diseases, and cancers. However, the function of NOD2 in these non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) is not well summarized in reviews. Our report mainly discusses the primary function and molecular mechanism of NOD2 as well as its potential clinical significance in CNCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan He
- Gamma Knife Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ambrogi M, Vezina CM. Roles of airway and intestinal epithelia in responding to pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346087. [PMID: 38736751 PMCID: PMC11082347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by which epithelial cells at the interface respond to invading pathogens to mount an innate immune response and initiate adaptive immunity and communicate with other cells, including resident microbiota, to heal damaged tissue and maintain homeostasis. We compare and contrast how airway and gut epithelial cells detect pathogens, release antimicrobial effectors, collaborate with macrophages, Tregs and epithelial stem cells to mount an immune response and orchestrate tissue repair. We also describe advanced research models for studying epithelial communication and behaviors during inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Settem RP, Ruscitto A, Chinthamani S, Honma K, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia scavenges Fusobacterium nucleatum secreted NOD2 stimulatory molecules to dampen oral epithelial cell inflammatory response. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:40-46. [PMID: 37459655 PMCID: PMC10792118 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The oral organism Tannerella forsythia is auxotrophic for peptidoglycan amino sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). It survives in the oral cavity by scavenging MurNAc- and MurNAc-linked peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) secreted by co-habiting bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum with which it forms synergistic biofilms. Muropeptides, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-isoGln (MDP, muramyl dipeptide) and d-γ-glutamyl-meso-DAP (iE-DAP dipeptide), are strong immunostimulatory molecules that activate nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune receptors and induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we utilized an in vitro T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-culture model to determine if T. forsythia can selectively scavenge NOD ligands from the environment and impact NOD-mediated inflammation. The results showed that NOD-stimulatory molecules were secreted by F. nucleatum in the spent culture broth, which subsequently induced cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression in oral epithelial cells. In the spent broth from T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-cultures, the NOD-stimulatory activity was significantly reduced. These data indicated that F. nucleatum releases NOD2-stimulatory muropeptides in the environment, and T. forsythia can effectively scavenge the muropeptides released by co-habiting bacteria to dampen NOD-mediated host responses. This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that peptidoglycan scavenging by T. forsythia can impact the innate immunity of oral epithelium by dampening NOD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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7
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Jia K, Shen J. Transcriptome-wide association studies associated with Crohn's disease: challenges and perspectives. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38403629 PMCID: PMC10895848 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is regarded as a lifelong progressive disease affecting all segments of the intestinal tract and multiple organs. Based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression data, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can help identify susceptibility genes associated with pathogenesis and disease behavior. In this review, we overview seven reported TWASs of CD, summarize their study designs, and discuss the key methods and steps used in TWAS, which affect the prioritization of susceptibility genes. This article summarized the screening of tissue-specific susceptibility genes for CD, and discussed the reported potential pathological mechanisms of overlapping susceptibility genes related to CD in a certain tissue type. We observed that ileal lipid-related metabolism and colonic extracellular vesicles may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD by performing GO pathway enrichment analysis for susceptibility genes. We further pointed the low reproducibility of TWAS associated with CD and discussed the reasons for these issues, strategies for solving them. In the future, more TWAS are needed to be designed into large-scale, unified cohorts, unified analysis pipelines, and fully classified databases of expression trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Jia
- Laboratory of Medicine, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Nephrology department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1058 Huanzhen Northroad, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Laboratory of Medicine, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Nephrology department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1058 Huanzhen Northroad, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Lai J, Rigas Y, Kantor N, Cohen N, Tomlinson A, St. Leger AJ, Galor A. Living with your biome: how the bacterial microbiome impacts ocular surface health and disease. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 19:89-103. [PMID: 38764699 PMCID: PMC11101146 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2024.2306582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Microbiome research has grown exponentially but the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) remains an area in need of further study. This review aims to explore its complexity, disease-related microbial changes, and immune interactions, and highlights the potential for its manipulation as a therapeutic for ocular surface diseases. Areas Covered We introduce the OSM by location and describe what constitutes a normal OSM. Second, we highlight aspects of the ocular immune system and discuss potential immune microbiome interactions in health and disease. Finally, we highlight how microbiome manipulation may have therapeutic potential for ocular surface diseases. Expert Opinion The ocular surface microbiome varies across its different regions, with a core phyla identified, but with genus variability. A few studies have linked microbiome composition to diseases like dry eye but more research is needed, including examining microbiome interactions with the host. Studies have noted that manipulating the microbiome may impact disease presentation. As such, microbiome manipulation via diet, oral and topical pre and probiotics, and hygienic measures may provide new therapeutic algorithms in ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lai
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yannis Rigas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Kantor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Noah Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ana Tomlinson
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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El Hadad J, Schreiner P, Vavricka SR, Greuter T. The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:27-35. [PMID: 37847439 PMCID: PMC10787003 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease, both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, has been known for more than 2 decades. In the last 20 years, genome-wide association studies have dramatically increased our knowledge on the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease with more than 200 risk genes having been identified. Paralleling this increasing knowledge, the armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease medications has been growing constantly. With more available therapeutic options, treatment decisions become more complex, with still many patients experiencing a debilitating disease course and a loss of response to treatment over time. With a better understanding of the disease, more effective personalized treatment strategies are looming on the horizon. Genotyping has long been considered a strategy for treatment decisions, such as the detection of thiopurine S-methyltransferase and nudix hydrolase 15 polymorphisms before the initiation of azathioprine. However, although many risk genes have been identified in inflammatory bowel disease, a substantial impact of genetic risk assessment on therapeutic strategies and disease outcome is still missing. In this review, we discuss the genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease, with a particular focus on the latest advances in the field and their potential impact on management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina El Hadad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schreiner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, GZO Zurich Regional Health Center, Spitalstrasse 66, 8620, Wetzikon, Switzerland.
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10
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Mintoff D, Borg I, Pace NP. NOD2 at the interface of hidradenitis suppurativa and inflammatory bowel disease-An in silico analysis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14928. [PMID: 37694954 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Isabella Borg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Section of Clinical Genetics, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Nikolai P Pace
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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11
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Sharma A, Achi SC, Ibeawuchi SR, Anandachar MS, Gementera H, Chaudhury U, Usmani F, Vega K, Sayed IM, Das S. The crosstalk between microbial sensors ELMO1 and NOD2 shape intestinal immune responses. Virulence 2023; 14:2171690. [PMID: 36694274 PMCID: PMC9980453 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2171690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial sensors play an essential role in maintaining cellular homoeostasis. Our knowledge is limited on how microbial sensing helps in differential immune response and its link to inflammatory diseases. Recently we have confirmed that ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) present in cytosol is involved in pathogen sensing, engulfment, and intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that ELMO1 interacts with another sensor, NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2), that recognizes bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The polymorphism of NOD2 is linked to Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of ELMO1 and mutant NOD2 (L1007fs) were not able to clear the CD-associated adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC-LF82). The functional implications of ELMO1-NOD2 interaction in epithelial cells were evaluated by using enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from ELMO1 and NOD2 KO mice. Subsequently we also assessed the immune response in J774 macrophages depleted of either ELMO1 or NOD2 or both. The infection of murine EDMs with AIEC-LF82 showed higher bacterial load in ELMO1-KO, NOD2 KO EDMs, and ELMO1 KO EDMs treated with NOD2 inhibitors. The murine macrophage cells showed that the downregulation of ELMO1 and NOD2 is associated with impaired bacterial clearance that is linked to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Our results indicated that the crosstalk between microbial sensors in enteric infection and inflammatory diseases impacts the fate of the bacterial load and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Hobie Gementera
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Uddeep Chaudhury
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fatima Usmani
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kevin Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, USA
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12
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Lawal SA, Voisin A, Olof H, Bording-Jorgensen M, Armstrong H. Diversity of the microbiota communities found in the various regions of the intestinal tract in healthy individuals and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242242. [PMID: 38022505 PMCID: PMC10654633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation and gut damage. There is an increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD development and progression. However, studies of the complete microbiota composition (bacteria, fungi, viruses) from precise locations within the gut remain limited. In particular, studies have focused primarily on the bacteriome, with available methods limiting evaluation of the mycobiome (fungi) and virome (virus). Furthermore, while the different segments of the small and large intestine display different functions (e.g., digestion, absorption, fermentation) and varying microenvironment features (e.g., pH, metabolites), little is known about the biogeography of the microbiota in different segments of the intestinal tract or how this differs in IBD. Here, we highlight evidence of the differing microbiota communities of the intestinal sub-organs in healthy and IBD, along with method summaries to improve future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adefisoye Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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13
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Kumar S, Ahmad MF, Nath P, Roy R, Bhattacharjee R, Shama E, Gahatraj I, Sehrawat M, Dasriya V, Dhillon HS, Puniya M, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Aluko RE, Khedkar GD, Raposo A, Puniya AK. Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics. J Med Food 2023; 26:705-720. [PMID: 37646629 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites have therapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probiotics strengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking, competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal bowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed description of the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestive disorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reduce life-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles and potency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyakshi Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rudrarup Bhattacharjee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Vaishali Dasriya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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14
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Alula KM, Theiss AL. Autophagy in Crohn's Disease: Converging on Dysfunctional Innate Immunity. Cells 2023; 12:1779. [PMID: 37443813 PMCID: PMC10341259 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease marked by relapsing, transmural intestinal inflammation driven by innate and adaptive immune responses. Autophagy is a multi-step process that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading intracellular components, such as damaged organelles and invading bacteria. Dysregulation of autophagy in CD is revealed by the identification of several susceptibility genes, including ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2, LRRK2, ULK1, ATG4, and TCF4, that are involved in autophagy. In this review, the role of altered autophagy in the mucosal innate immune response in the context of CD is discussed, with a specific focus on dendritic cells, macrophages, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Selective autophagy, such as xenophagy, ERphagy, and mitophagy, that play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in these innate immune cells, are discussed. As our understanding of autophagy in CD pathogenesis evolves, the development of autophagy-targeted therapeutics may benefit subsets of patients harboring impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianne L. Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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15
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Dai Z, Xu W, Ding R, Peng X, Shen X, Song J, Du P, Wang Z, Liu Y. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis evaluates causal associations between inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1151837. [PMID: 37304119 PMCID: PMC10250718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1151837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past few years, multiple observational studies have speculated a potential association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and osteoporosis. However, no consensus has been reached regarding their interdependence and pathogenesis. Herein, we sought to further explore the causal associations between them. Methods We validated the association between IBD and reduced bone mineral density in humans based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and osteoporosis, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using training and validation sets. Genetic variation data for IBD, CD, UC, and osteoporosis were derived from published genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry. After a series of robust quality control steps, we included eligible instrumental variables (SNPs) significantly associated with exposure (IBD/CD/UC). We adopted five algorithms, including MR Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted, Simple mode, and Weighted mode, to infer the causal association between IBD and osteoporosis. In addition, we evaluated the robustness of Mendelian randomization analysis by heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, leave-one-out sensitivity test, and multivariate Mendelian randomization. Results Genetically predicted CD was positively associated with osteoporosis risk, with ORs of 1.060 (95% CIs 1.016, 1.106; p = 0.007) and 1.044 (95% CIs 1.002, 1.088; p = 0.039) for CD in the training and validation sets, respectively. However, Mendelian randomization analysis did not reveal a significant causal relationship between UC and osteoporosis (p > 0.05). Furthermore, we found that overall IBD was associated with osteoporosis prediction, with ORs of 1.050 (95% CIs 0.999, 1.103; p = 0.055) and 1.063 (95% CIs 1.019, 1.109; p = 0.005) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Conclusion We demonstrated the causal association between CD and osteoporosis, complementing the framework for genetic variants that predispose to autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujiang Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglue Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
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16
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Witte MB, Saupe J, Reiner J, Bannert K, Schafmayer C, Lamprecht G, Berlin P. Ileocolonic Healing after Small Ileocecal Resection in Mice: NOD2 Deficiency Impairs Anastomotic Healing by Local Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3601. [PMID: 37240707 PMCID: PMC10219437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileocecal resection (ICR) is frequently performed in Crohn's disease (CD). NOD2 mutations are risk factors for CD. Nod2 knockout (ko) mice show impaired anastomotic healing after extended ICR. We further investigated the role of NOD2 after limited ICR. C57B16/J (wt) and Nod2 ko littermates underwent limited ICR including 1-2 cm terminal ileum and were randomly assigned to vehicle or MDP treatment. Bursting pressure was measured on POD 5, and the anastomosis was analyzed for matrix turn-over and granulation tissue. Wound fibroblasts from subcutaneously implanted sponges were used for comparison. The M1/M2 macrophage plasma cytokines were analyzed. Mortality was not different between groups. Bursting pressure was significantly decreased in ko mice. This was associated with less granulation tissue but was not affected by MDP. However, anastomotic leak (AL) rate tended to be lower in MDP-treated ko mice (29% vs. 11%, p = 0.07). mRNA expression of collagen-1α (col1 α), collagen-3α (col3 α), matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)2 and mmp9 was increased in ko mice, indicating increased matrix turn-over, specifically in the anastomosis. Systemic TNF-α expression was significantly lower in ko mice. Ileocolonic healing is impaired in Nod2 ko mice after limited ICR by local mechanisms maybe including local dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Witte
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Saupe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Bannert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Lamprecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peggy Berlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Nasser KK, Shinawi T. Genotype-protein phenotype characterization of NOD2 and IL23R missense variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A paradigm from molecular modelling, dynamics, and docking simulations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1090120. [PMID: 36703890 PMCID: PMC9871552 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a gastrointestinal disease with an underlying contribution of genetic, microbial, environment, immunity factors. The coding region risk markers identified by IBD genome wide association studies have not been well characterized at protein phenotype level. Therefore, this study is conducted to characterize the role of NOD2 (Arg675Trp and Gly908Arg) and IL23R (Gly149Arg and Arg381Gln) missense variants on the structural and functional features of corresponding proteins. Thus, we used different variant pathogenicity assays, molecular modelling, secondary structure, stability, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking analysis methods. Our findings suggest that SIFT, Polyphen, GREP++, PhyloP, SiPhy and REVEL methods are very sensitive in determining pathogenicity of NOD2 and IL23R missense variants. We have also noticed that all the tested missense variants could potentially alter secondary (α-helices, β-strands, and coils) and tertiary (residue level deviations) structural features. Moreover, our molecular dynamics (MD) simulation findings have simulated that NOD2 (Arg675Trp and Gly908Arg) and IL23R (Gly149Arg and Arg381Gln) variants creates rigid local structures comprising the protein flexibility and conformations. These predictions are corroborated by molecular docking results, where we noticed that NOD2 and IL23R missense variants induce molecular interaction deformities with RIPK2 and JAK2 ligand molecules, respectively. These functional alterations could potentially alter the signal transduction pathway cascade involved in inflammation and autoimmunity. Drug library searches and findings from docking studies have identified the inhibitory effects of Tacrolimus and Celecoxib drugs on NOD2 and IL23R variant forms, underlining their potential to contribute to personalized medicine for IBD. The present study supports the utilization of computational methods as primary filters (pre-in vitro and in vivo) in studying the disease potential mutations in the context of genptype-protein phenotype characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalidah Khalid Nasser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraia Shinawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Thoraia Shinawi,
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18
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Tiruvayipati S, Hameed DS, Ahmed N. Play the plug: How bacteria modify recognition by host receptors? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960326. [PMID: 36312954 PMCID: PMC9615552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse microbial community that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has remarkable effects on the host immune system and physiology resulting in homeostasis or disease. In both scenarios, the gut microbiota interacts with their host through ligand-receptor binding whereby the downstream signaling processes determine the outcome of the interaction as disease or the counteractive immune responses of the host. Despite several studies on microbe-host interactions and the mechanisms by which this intricate process happens, a comprehensive and updated inventory of known ligand-receptor interactions and their roles in disease is paramount. The ligands which originate as a result of microbial responses to the host environment contribute to either symbiotic or parasitic relationships. On the other hand, the host receptors counteract the ligand actions by mounting a neutral or an innate response. The varying degrees of polymorphic changes in the host receptors contribute to specificity of interaction with the microbial ligands. Additionally, pathogenic microbes manipulate host receptors with endogenous enzymes belonging to the effector protein family. This review focuses on the diversity and similarity in the gut microbiome-host interactions both in health and disease conditions. It thus establishes an overview that can help identify potential therapeutic targets in response to critically soaring antimicrobial resistance as juxtaposed to tardy antibiotic development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Tiruvayipati
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dharjath S. Hameed
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Niyaz Ahmed, ,
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19
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Godkowicz M, Druszczyńska M. NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 Receptors in Antiviral and Antimycobacterial Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091487. [PMID: 36146565 PMCID: PMC9503463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular motifs through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that induce inflammasome assembly in macrophages and trigger signal transduction pathways, thereby leading to the transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) represent a family of cytosolic PRRs involved in the detection of intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria or viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 receptors in regulating antiviral and antimycobacterial immune responses by providing insight into molecular mechanisms as well as their potential health and disease implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Godkowicz
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Druszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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20
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Abdulla M, Mohammed N. A Review on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Recent Molecular Pathophysiology Advances. Biologics 2022; 16:129-140. [PMID: 36118798 PMCID: PMC9481278 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s380027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are considered immune disorders with a complex genetic architecture involving constantly changing endogenous and exogenous factors. The rapid evolution of genomic technologies and the emergence of newly discovered molecular actors are compelling the research community to reevaluate the knowledge and molecular processes. The human intestinal tract contains intestinal human microbiota consisting of commensal, pathogenic, and symbiotic strains leading to immune responses that can contribute and lead to both systemic and intestinal disorders including IBD. In this review, we attempted to highlight some updates of the new IBD features related to genomics, microbiota, new emerging therapies and some major established IBD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheeba Abdulla
- Internal Medicine Department, Ibn AlNafees Hospital, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Correspondence: Maheeba Abdulla, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Internal Medicine Department, Ibn AlNafees Hospital, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, Email
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21
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Intrarectal Capsazepine Administration Modulates Colonic Mucosal Health in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179577. [PMID: 36076974 PMCID: PMC9455796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of transient receptor potential vanniloid-1 (TRPV1) and desensitization of transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) nociceptors alleviate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-associated chronic pain. However, there is limited literature available about their role in regulating the mucosal layer, its interaction with host physiology, and luminal microbial community. The present study focuses on the effects’ intra rectal administration of capsazepine (modulator of TRPA1/TRPV1 expressing peptidergic sensory neurons) on colonic mucus production and gut health. We performed histological analysis, gut permeability alteration, gene expression changes, metabolite profiling, and gut microbial abundance in the ileum, colon, and cecum content of these animals. Intra rectal administration of capsazepine modulates TRPA1/TRPV1-positive nociceptors (behavioral pain assays) and resulted in damaged mucosal lining, increased gut permeability, and altered transcriptional profile of genes for goblet cell markers, mucus regulation, immune response, and tight junction proteins. The damage to mucosal lining prevented its role in enterosyne (short chain fatty acids) actions. These results suggest that caution must be exercised before employing TRPA1/TRPV1 modulation as a therapeutic option to alleviate pain caused due to IBD.
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22
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Qi-Xiang M, Yang F, Ze-Hua H, Nuo-Ming Y, Rui-Long W, Bin-Qiang X, Jun-Jie F, Chun-Lan H, Yue Z. Intestinal TLR4 deletion exacerbates acute pancreatitis through gut microbiota dysbiosis and Paneth cells deficiency. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2112882. [PMID: 35982604 PMCID: PMC9397436 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been identified as a potentially promising therapeutic target in acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the role of intestinal TLR4 in AP and AP-associated gut injury remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between intestinal TLR4 and gut microbiota during AP. A mouse AP model was establish by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. Pancreatic injury and intestinal barrier function were evaluated in wild-type and intestinal epithelial TLR4 knockout (TLR4ΔIEC) mice. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Quadruple antibiotics were applied to induce microbiota-depleted mice. Differentially expressed genes in gut were detected by RNA sequencing. L. reuteri treatment was carried out in vivo and vitro study. Compared with wild-type mice, AP and AP-associated gut injury were exacerbated in TLR4ΔIEC mice in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and number of Paneth cells remarkably decreased in TLR4ΔIEC mice. The KEGG pathway analysis derived from RNA sequencing suggested that genes affected by intestinal TLR4 deletion were related to the activation of nod-like receptor pathway. Furthermore, L. reuteri treatment could significantly improve the pancreatic and intestinal injury in TLR4ΔIEC mice through promoting Paneth cells in a NOD2-dependent manner. Loss of intestinal epithelial TLR4 exacerbated pancreatic and intestinal damage during AP, which might be attributed to the gut microbiota dysbiosis especially the exhausted Lactobacillus. L. reuteri might maintain intestinal homeostasis and alleviate AP via Paneth cells modulation.Abbreviations: AP Acute pancreatitis, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, IL-1β Interleukin-1β, IL-6 Interleukin-6, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, SIRS Systematic inflammatory response syndrome, LPS Lipopolysaccharides, SPF Specific pathogen-free, ZO-1 Zonula occludens-1, CON Control, H&E Hematoxylin and eosin, FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridization, DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, PCoA Principal co-ordinates analysis, SCFA Short chain fatty acid, LEfSe Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size, ANOVA Analysis of variance, F/B Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, PCA Principal component analysis, NOD2 Nod-like receptor 2, ABX antibiotics, PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qi-Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Ze-Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Nuo-Ming
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Rui-Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Bin-Qiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jun-Jie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Chun-Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Huang Chun-Lan Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Zeng Yue
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23
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Eiro N, Fraile M, González-Jubete A, González LO, Vizoso FJ. Mesenchymal (Stem) Stromal Cells Based as New Therapeutic Alternative in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168905. [PMID: 36012170 PMCID: PMC9408403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an example of chronic diseases affecting 40% of the population, which involved tissue damage and an inflammatory process not satisfactorily controlled with current therapies. Data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be a therapeutic option for these processes, and especially for IBD, due to their multifactorial approaches such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, angiogenic, anti-tumor, or anti-microbial. However, MSC therapy is associated with important limitations as safety issues, handling difficulties for therapeutic purposes, and high economic cost. MSC-derived secretome products (conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles) are therefore a therapeutic option in IBD as they exhibit similar effects to their parent cells and avoid the issues of cell therapy. In this review, we proposed further studies to choose the ideal tissue source of MSC to treat IBD, the implementation of new standardized production strategies, quality controls and the integration of other technologies, such as hydrogels, which may improve the therapeutic effects of derived-MSC secretome products in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Luis O. González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
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24
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Borody TJ, Dolai S, Gunaratne AW, Clancy RL. Targeting the microbiome in Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:873-877. [PMID: 35731859 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2093186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Borody
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Anoja W Gunaratne
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Robert L Clancy
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
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25
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Fox BE, Vilander A, Abdo Z, Dean GA. NOD2 signaling in CD11c + cells is critical for humoral immune responses during oral vaccination and maintaining the gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8491. [PMID: 35589853 PMCID: PMC9119386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) is a critical regulator of immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract. This innate immune receptor is expressed by several cell types, including both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Vaccination targeting the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system is especially difficult due to both physical and mechanistic barriers to reaching inductive sites. The use of lactic acid bacteria is appealing due to their ability to persist within harsh conditions, expression of selected adjuvants, and manufacturing advantages. Recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus (rLA) has shown great promise in activating the mucosal immune response with minimal impacts on the resident microbiome. To better classify the kinetics of mucosal vaccination with rLA, we utilized mice harboring knockouts of NOD2 expression specifically within CD11c + cells. The results presented here show that NOD2 signaling in CD11c + cells is necessary for mounting a humoral immune response against exogenous antigens expressed by rLA. Additionally, disruption of NOD2 signaling in these cells results in an altered bacterial microbiome profile in both control mice and mice receiving L. acidophilus strain NCK1895 and vaccine strain LaOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - A Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Z Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - G A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Kim HW, Yu AR, Lee JW, Yoon HS, Lee BS, Park HW, Lee SK, Lee YI, Whang J, Kim JS. Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 Deficiency Exacerbates Mouse Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084392. [PMID: 35457208 PMCID: PMC9025264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a complex inflammatory bowel disorder disease that can induce rectal and colonic dysfunction. Although the prevalence of IBD in Western countries is almost 0.5% of the general population, genetic causes are still not fully understood. In a recent discovery, itaconate was found to function as an immune-modulating metabolite in mammalian immune cells, wherein it is synthesized as an antimicrobial compound from the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitic acid. However, the association between the Acod1 (Aconitate decarboxylase 1)-itaconate axis and ulcerative colitis has rarely been studied. To elucidate this, we established a DSS-induced colitis model with Acod1-deficient mice and then measured the mouse body weights, colon lengths, histological changes, and cytokines/chemokines in the colon. We first confirmed the upregulation of Acod1 RNA and protein expression levels in DSS-induced colitis. Then, we found that colitis symptoms, including weight loss, the disease activity index, and colon shortening, were worsened by the depletion of Acod1. In addition, the extent of intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown, the extent of immune cell infiltration, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Acod1-deficient mice were higher than those in wild-type mice. Finally, we confirmed that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) alleviated DSS-induced colitis in Acod1-deficient mice and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the role of the Acod1-itaconate axis in colitis. Our data clearly showed that Acod1 deletion resulted in severe DSS-induced colitis and substantial increases in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. Our results suggest that Acod1 may normally play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of colitis, demonstrating the potential for novel therapies using 4-OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (J.W.L.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - A-Reum Yu
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (J.W.L.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (J.W.L.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Hoe Sun Yoon
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (J.W.L.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Byung Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital and College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Young Ik Lee
- Lee’s Biotech Co., 415, C Dong, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Korea;
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong 28158, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (J.W.L.); (H.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-600-8648
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Gieryńska M, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Struzik J, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP. Integrity of the Intestinal Barrier: The Involvement of Epithelial Cells and Microbiota-A Mutual Relationship. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020145. [PMID: 35049768 PMCID: PMC8772550 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gastrointestinal tract is a complex organization of various types of epithelial cells forming a single layer of the mucosal barrier, the host mucosal immune system, and microorganisms termed as gut microbiota inhabiting this area. The mucosal barrier, including physical and chemical factors, spatially segregates gut microbiota and the host immune system preventing the development of immune response directed towards non-pathogenic commensals and dietary antigens. However, for the maintenance of the integrity of the mucosal surfaces, cross-talk between epithelial cells and microbiota is required. The microbiome and the intestinal epithelium developed a complex dependence necessary for sustaining intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we highlight the role of specific epithelial cell subtypes and their role in barrier arrangement, the mechanisms employed by them to control intestinal microbiota as well as the mechanisms utilized by the microbiome to regulate intestinal epithelial function. This review will provide information regarding the development of inflammatory disorders dependent on the loss of intestinal barrier function and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Abstract The gastrointestinal tract, which is constantly exposed to a multitude of stimuli, is considered responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the host. It is inhabited by billions of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which form a mutualistic relationship with the host. Although the microbiota is generally recognized as beneficial, at the same time, together with pathogens, they are a permanent threat to the host. Various populations of epithelial cells provide the first line of chemical and physical defense against external factors acting as the interface between luminal microorganisms and immunocompetent cells in lamina propria. In this review, we focus on some essential, innate mechanisms protecting mucosal integrity, thus responsible for maintaining intestine homeostasis. The characteristics of decisive cell populations involved in maintaining the barrier arrangement, based on mucus secretion, formation of intercellular junctions as well as production of antimicrobial peptides, responsible for shaping the gut microbiota, are presented. We emphasize the importance of cross-talk between gut microbiota and epithelial cells as a factor vital for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the GI tract. Finally, we discuss how the imbalance of these regulations leads to the compromised barrier integrity and dysbiosis considered to contribute to inflammatory disorders and metabolic diseases.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3934-3944. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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Sindhu RK, Madaan P, Chandel P, Akter R, Adilakshmi G, Rahman MH. Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Autoimmune Disorders via Gene Therapy: Prospects, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:245-261. [PMID: 34530709 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210916113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases are the diseases that result due to the overactive immune response, and comprise systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sjӧgren's syndrome (SS), and organ-specific autoimmune diseases like type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), myasthenia gravis (MG), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, there is no long-term cure; but, several treatments exist which retard the evolution of the disease, embracing gene therapy, which has been scrutinized to hold immense aptitude for the management of autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE The review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms and genes liable for the development of autoimmune diseases, namely T1DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), RA, SS, IBD, and MG. Furthermore, the review focuses on investigating the outcomes of delivering the corrective genes with their specific viral vectors in various animal models experiencing these diseases to determine the effectiveness of gene therapy. METHODS Numerous review and research articles emphasizing the tremendous potential of gene therapy in the management of autoimmune diseases were procured from PubMed, MEDLINE, Frontier, and other databases and thoroughly studied for writing this review article. RESULTS The various animal models that experienced treatment with gene therapy have displayed regulation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, infiltration of lymphocytes, manifestations associated with autoimmune diseases, and maintained equilibrium in the immune response, thereby hinder the progression of autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION Gene therapy has revealed prodigious aptitude in the management of autoimmune diseases in various animal studies, but further investigation is essential to combat the limitations associated with it and before employing it on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Piyush Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Parteek Chandel
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka-1100. Bangladesh
| | - G Adilakshmi
- Department of PhysicxVikramaSimahpuri University, P.G. Centre, kavil-524201, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213. Bangladesh
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, García-Del Portillo F, Laparra JM, Boscá L. NOD1 in the interplay between microbiota and gastrointestinal immune adaptations. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105775. [PMID: 34273489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals, has been linked to inflammatory pathologies. NOD1, which is expressed by immune and non-immune cells, is activated after recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This recognition triggers host defense responses and both immune memory and tolerance can also be achieved during these processes. Since the gut microbiota is currently considered a master regulator of human physiology central in health and disease and the intestine metabolizes a wide range of nutrients, drugs and hormones, it is a fact that dysbiosis can alter tissues and organs homeostasis. These systemic alterations occur in response to gastrointestinal immune adaptations that are not yet fully understood. Even if previous evidence confirms the connection between the microbiota, the immune system and metabolic disorders, much remains to be discovered about the contribution of NOD1 to low-grade inflammatory pathologies such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This review compiles the most recent findings in this area, while providing a dynamic and practical framework with future approaches for research and clinical applications on targeting NOD1. This knowledge can help to rate the consequences of the disease and to stratify the patients for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Moisés Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra, Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Pierre N, Salée C, Vieujean S, Bequet E, Merli AM, Siegmund B, Meuwis MA, Louis E. Review article: distinctions between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease: from physiology to pathology. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:779-791. [PMID: 34297423 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal and colonic Crohn's disease seem to be two separate entities. AIMS To describe the main physiological distinctions between the small and the large intestine and to analyse the differences between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease. METHODS The relevant literature was critically examined and synthesised. RESULTS The small and large intestine have fundamental distinctions (anatomy, cellular populations, immune defence, microbiota). The differences between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease are highlighted by a heterogeneous body of evidence including clinical features (natural history of the disease, efficacy of treatments, and monitoring), epidemiological data (smoking status, age, gender) and biological data (genetics, microbiota, immunity, mesenteric fat). However, the contribution of these factors to disease location remains poorly understood. CONCLUSION The classification of ileal and colonic Crohn's disease as distinct subphenotypes is well supported by the literature. Understanding of these differences could be exploited to develop more individualised patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pierre
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Salée
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vieujean
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emeline Bequet
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Angela-Maria Merli
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Alice Meuwis
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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Witte M, Reiner J, Bannert K, Jaster R, Maschmeier C, Schafmayer C, Lamprecht G, Berlin P. Ileocolonic Healing After Extended Small Bowel Resection in Mice: NOD2 Deficiency Impairs Anastomotic Healing and Postoperative Outcome. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1503-1512. [PMID: 33555306 PMCID: PMC8376130 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) mutations are a genetic risk factor for Crohn disease. Ileocecal resection is the most often performed surgery in Crohn disease. We investigated the effect of Nod2 knockout (KO) status on anastomotic healing after extended ileocecal resection (ICR) in mice. METHODS Male C57BL6/J wild-type and Nod2 KO mice underwent an 11 cm resection of the terminal ileum including the cecum. An end-to-end jejuno-colostomy was performed. Animals were killed after 5 days investigating bursting pressure, hydroxyproline content, and expression of matrix metabolism genes, key cytokines, and histology of the anastomosis. RESULTS Mortality was higher in the Nod2 KO group but not because of local or septic complications. Bursting pressure was significantly reduced in the Nod2 KO mice (32.5 vs 78.0 mmHg, P < 0.0024), whereas hydroxyprolin content was equal. The amount of granulation tissue at the anastomosis was similar but more unstructured in the Nod2 KO mice. Gene expression measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased expression for Collagen 1alpha and for collagen degradation as measured by matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, and -13 in the Nod2 KO mice. Gelatinase activity from anastomotic tissue was enhanced by Nod2 status. Gene expression of arginase I, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-ß but not inducible nitric oxide synthase were also increased at the anastomosis in the Nod2 KO mice compared with the control mice. CONCLUSIONS We found that Nod2 deficiency results in significantly reduced bursting pressure after ileocecal resection. This effect is mediated via an increased matrix turnover. Patients with genetic NOD2 variations may be prone to anastomotic failure after bowel resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Witte
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Bannert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Maschmeier
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Lamprecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peggy Berlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Kravitz A, Pelzer K, Sriranganathan N. The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:721706. [PMID: 34485444 PMCID: PMC8414637 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, or Johne's Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This organism causes worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry, and is of public health importance due to the potential zoonotic risk between MAP and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. Without economical treatments, or a vaccine capable of preventing infection without causing cross-reactions with bovine tuberculosis, test-and-cull methods for disease control are imperative. Unfortunately, difficulties in diagnostics and long subclinical stage hinder adequate control and is further complicated by variation in MAP exposure outcome. Interestingly, the majority of infections result in asymptomatic presentation and never progress to clinical disease. One contributing factor is host genetics, where polymorphisms in innate immune genes have been found to influence resistance and susceptibility to disease. Candidate genes identified across studies overlap with those found in CD and tuberculosis including; Solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene (SLC11A1), Nucleotide-binding-oligomerization domain containing gene 2 (NOD2), Major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC-II), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. This review will highlight evidence supporting the vital role of these genes in MAP infection outcome, associated challenges, and implications for the future of JD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kravitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kevin Pelzer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Dowdell AS, Colgan SP. Metabolic Host-Microbiota Interactions in Autophagy and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:708. [PMID: 34451805 PMCID: PMC8399382 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a family of conditions characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD afflicts over 3 million adults in the United States and shows increasing prevalence in the Westernized world. Current IBD treatments center on modulation of the damaging inflammatory response and carry risks such as immunosuppression, while the development of more effective treatments is hampered by our poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that gene variants linked to the cellular response to microorganisms are most strongly associated with an increased risk of IBD. These studies are supported by mechanistic work demonstrating that IBD-associated polymorphisms compromise the intestine's anti-microbial defense. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding IBD as a disease of defects in host-microbe interactions and discuss potential avenues for targeting this mechanism for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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36
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Cubillos-Angulo JM, Fernandes CD, Araújo DN, Carmo CA, Arriaga MB, Andrade BB. The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 or CD14 on the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:174. [PMID: 34108050 PMCID: PMC8191055 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic studies have pointed to the relevance of the NOD2 and CD14 polymorphic alleles in association with the risk of diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. METHODS A systematic review was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and risk of Mtb diseases. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOQS), and the linkage disequilibrium was calculated for all SNPs using a webtool (Package LDpop). RESULTS Thirteen studies matched the selection criteria. Of those, 9 investigated CD14 SNPs, and 6 reported a significant association between the T allele and TT genotypes of the rs2569190 SNP and increased risk of Mtb diseases. The genotype CC was found to be protective against TB disease. Furthermore, in two studies, the CD14 rs2569191 SNP with the G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of Mtb diseases. Four studies reported data uncovering the relationship between NOD2 SNPs and risk of Mtb diseases, with two reporting significant associations of rs1861759 and rs7194886 and higher risk of Mtb diseases in a Chinese Han population. Paradoxically, minor allele carriers (CG or GG) of rs2066842 and rs2066844 NOD2 SNPs were associated with lower risk of Mtb diseases in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS The CD14 rs2569190 and rs2569191 polymorphisms may influence risk of Mtb diseases depending on the allele. Furthermore, there is significant association between NOD2 SNPs rs1861759 and rs7194886 and augmented risk of Mtb diseases, especially in persons of Chinese ethnicity. The referred polymorphisms of CD14 and NOD2 genes likely play an important role in risk of Mtb diseases and pathology and may be affected by ethnicity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42020186523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Cubillos-Angulo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Catarina D Fernandes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Davi N Araújo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cristinna A Carmo
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - María B Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Gene Polymorphisms of NOD2, IL23R, PTPN2 and ATG16L1 in Patients with Crohn's Disease: On the Way to Personalized Medicine? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060866. [PMID: 34198814 PMCID: PMC8227795 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The study aimed at investigating the potential influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) NOD2 rs2066844, NOD2 rs2066845, NOD2 rs2066847, IL23R rs11209026, PTPN2 rs2542151, PTPN2 rs7234029, and ATG16L1 rs2241880 on the response to immunomodulatory therapies and disease course in Crohn’s disease (CD). This is an uncontrolled retrospective monocentric study including patients from the IBD outpatient clinic of Heidelberg University Hospital. Therapy responses and disease courses were related to genetic findings. 379 patients with CD were included. The presence of at least one PTPN2 rs7234029 risk allele was associated with nonresponse to anti-interleukin-12/23 treatment (89.9% vs. 67.6%, p = 0.005). The NOD2 rs2066844 risk allele was associated with a first-degree family history of colon cancer (12.7% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.02), the ATG16L1 rs2241880 risk allele with ileal CD manifestation (p = 0.027), and the IL23R rs11209026 risk allele with a higher rate of CD-related surgeries per disease year (0.08 vs. 0.02, p = 0.025). The results of this study underline the relevance of genetic influences in CD. The association of the PTPN2 rs7234029 risk allele with nonresponse to anti-interleukin-12/23 treatment in CD patients is a novel finding and requires further investigation.
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Hardman CS, Chen YL, Salimi M, Nahler J, Corridoni D, Jagielowicz M, Fonseka CL, Johnson D, Repapi E, Cousins DJ, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Simmons A, Ogg G. IL-6 effector function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is NOD2 dependent. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe5084. [PMID: 34021026 PMCID: PMC7611333 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are spatially and epigenetically poised to respond to barrier compromise and associated immunological threats. ILC2, lacking rearranged antigen-specific receptors, are primarily activated by damage-associated cytokines and respond with type 2 cytokine production. To investigate ILC2 potential for direct sensing of skin pathogens and allergens, we performed RNA sequencing of ILC2 derived from in vivo challenged human skin or blood. We detected expression of NOD2 and TLR2 by skin and blood ILC2. Stimulation of ILC2 with TLR2 agonist alone not only induced interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 expression but also elicited IL-6 expression in combination with Staphylococcus aureus muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Heat-killed skin-resident bacteria provoked an IL-6 profile in ILC2 in vitro that was notably impaired in ILC2 derived from patients with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) mutations. In addition, we show that NOD2 signaling can stimulate autophagy in ILC2, which was also impaired in patients with NOD2 mutations. Here, we have identified a role for ILC2 NOD2 signaling in the differential regulation of ILC2-derived IL-6 and have reported a previously unrecognized pathway of direct ILC2 bacterial sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janina Nahler
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Jagielowicz
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chathuranga L Fonseka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Mandala JP, Thada S, Sivangala R, Ponnana M, Myakala R, Gaddam S. Influence of NOD-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms on muramyl dipeptide induced pro-inflammatory response in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and household contacts. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152096. [PMID: 34058448 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune response induced by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2(NOD2) is associated with the production of cytokines affected by the host's genetic background. The present study aimed to examine the effects of NOD2; 802C > T, 2105G > A polymorphisms associated with altered cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, Latent TB subjects (household contacts(HHC) and healthy controls(HC). METHODS Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) in 102-PTB patients, 102-HHC, and 132-HC. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test was performed to identify latent TB infection in 60-HHC. Estimated their cytokine levels by ELISA in MDP (muramyl dipeptide) stimulated culture supernatants of all the groups. Further, we studied pre-mRNA structures by insilico analysis and relative gene expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS Recessive genetic models of NOD2 802C > T SNP with TT genotype and AA genotype of NOD2 2105G > A SNP were significantly associated with increased TB risk in PTB patients and HHC compared with HC. In vitro stimulations were performed with NOD2 ligand MDP in PTB patients and latent TB subjects: QuantiFERON positive household contacts (QFT + ve HHC)and QuantiFERON negative household contacts(QFT-ve HHC). The results showed that reduced TNF-α and enhanced IL-12, IL-1β indicate that these cytokines may play an essential role in the initial maintenance of cell-mediated immunity. Our study demonstrated the correlation between NOD2 polymorphism with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12 levels. Insilico analysis represents the pre-mRNA secondary structures affected by NOD2 SNPs. We also observed the difference in m RNA levels in variant and wild genotypes. CONCLUSION This finding may lead to the forthcoming development of immunotherapy and may be used as predictive markers to identify high-risk individuals for TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Priya Mandala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shruthi Thada
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - SumanLatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
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Mutational analyses of novel rat models with targeted modifications in inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility genes. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:173-182. [PMID: 33843019 PMCID: PMC8128796 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations and single base pair polymorphisms in various genes have been associated with increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have created a series of rat strains carrying targeted genetic alterations within three IBD susceptibility genes: Nod2, Atg16l1, and Il23r, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Knock-out alleles and alleles with known human susceptibility polymorphisms were generated on three different genetic backgrounds: Fischer, Lewis and Sprague Dawley. The availability of these rat models will contribute to our understanding of the basic biological roles of these three genes as well as provide new potential IBD animal models.
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Dang JT, Dang TT, Wine E, Dicken B, Madsen K, Laffin M. The Genetics of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Framework for Future Work. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2021; 3:otaa094. [PMID: 36778938 PMCID: PMC9802308 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence following abdominal surgery in Crohn disease is over 50%. The impact of genetics on postoperative recurrence is not well defined. Methods A literature search was conducted where inclusion required an assessment, by genotype, of postoperative recurrence. The primary endpoint was odds of surgical recurrence. Results Twenty-eight studies identified a total of 6715 patients. Thirteen loci were identified as modifying the risk of recurrence. NOD2 was identified as a risk factor for recurrence by multiple works (cumulative odds ratio: 1.64, P = 0.003). Conclusions A NOD2 risk allele is associated with recurrence following surgery in Crohn disease. Progress in this area will require standardized reporting in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry T Dang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - ThucNhi T Dang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan Dicken
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Address correspondence to: Michael Laffin, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada ()
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43
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Gill T, Rosenbaum JT. Putative Pathobionts in HLA-B27-Associated Spondyloarthropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:586494. [PMID: 33537028 PMCID: PMC7848169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune mediated inflammatory diseases with a strong association to the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecule, HLA-B27. Although the association between HLA-B27 and AS has been known for almost 50 years, the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are elusive. Over the years, three hypotheses have been proposed to explain HLA-B27 and disease association: 1) HLA B27 presents arthritogenic peptides and thus creates a pathological immune response; 2) HLA-B27 misfolding causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); 3) HLA-B27 dimerizes on the cell surface and acts as a target for natural killer (NK) cells. None of these hypotheses explains SpA pathogenesis completely. Evidence supports the hypothesis that HLA-B27-related diseases have a microbial pathogenesis. In animal models of various SpAs, a germ-free environment abrogates disease development and colonizing these animals with gut commensal microbes can restore disease manifestations. The depth of microbial influence on SpA development has been realized due to our ability to characterize microbial communities in the gut using next-generation sequencing approaches. In this review, we will discuss various putative pathobionts in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27-associated diseases. We pursue whether a single pathobiont or a disruption of microbial community and function is associated with HLA-B27-related diseases. Furthermore, rather than a specific pathobiont, metabolic functions of various disease-associated microbes might be key. While the use of germ-free models of SpA have facilitated understanding the role of microbes in disease development, future studies with animal models that mimic diverse microbial communities instead of mono-colonization are indispensable. We discuss the causal mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis including the role of these pathobionts on mucin degradation, mucosal adherence, and gut epithelial barrier disruption and inflammation. Finally, we review the various uses of microbes as therapeutic modalities including pre/probiotics, diet, microbial metabolites and fecal microbiota transplant. Unravelling these complex host-microbe interactions will lead to the development of new targets/therapies for alleviation of SpA and other HLA-B27 associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejpal Gill
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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44
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De Musis C, Granata L, Dallio M, Miranda A, Gravina AG, Romano M. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2951-2961. [PMID: 32310042 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420144128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients. The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota, such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana De Musis
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Granata
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Miranda
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Romano
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Sankova MV, Bulygin KV, Vovkogon AD, Rizaeva NA, Sinelnikov MY. Paneth cells: Maintaining dynamic microbiome-host homeostasis, protecting against inflammation and cancer. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000180. [PMID: 33244814 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human intestines are constantly under the influence of numerous pathological factors: enteropathogenic microorganisms, food antigens, physico-chemical stress associated with digestion and bacterial metabolism, therefore it must be provided with a system of protection against adverse impact. Recent studies have shown that Paneth cells play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of the small intestines. Paneth cells perform many vital functions aimed at maintaining a homeostatic balance between normal microbiota, infectious pathogens and the human body, regulate the qualitative composition and number of intestinal microorganisms, prevent the introduction of potentially pathogenic species, and protect stem cells from damage. Paneth cells take part in adaptive and protective-inflammatory reactions. Paneth cells maintain dynamic balance between microbial populations, and the macroorganism, preventing the development of intestinal infections and cancer. They play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and may be key factors in the etiopathological progression of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine V Oganesyan
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Sankova
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Bulygin
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andzhela D Vovkogon
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Negoriya A Rizaeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Yang E, Shen J. The roles and functions of Paneth cells in Crohn's disease: A critical review. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12958. [PMID: 33174662 PMCID: PMC7791172 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the base of small intestinal crypts and secrete the α‐defensins, human α‐defensin 5 (HD‐5) and human α‐defensin 6 (HD‐6) in response to bacterial, cholinergic and other stimuli. The α‐defensins are broad‐spectrum microbicides that play critical roles in controlling gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of CD involves genetic factors, environmental factors and microflora. Surprisingly, with regard to genetic factors, many susceptible genes and pathogenic pathways of CD, including nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), autophagy‐related 16‐like 1 (ATG16L1), immunity‐related guanosine triphosphatase family M (IRGM), wingless‐related integration site (Wnt), leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), histone deacetylases (HDACs), caspase‐8 (Casp8) and X‐box‐binding protein‐1 (XBP1), are relevant to PCs. As the underlying mechanisms are being unravelled, PCs are identified as the central element of CD pathogenesis, integrating factors among microbiota, intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and the immune system. In the present review, we demonstrate how these genes and pathways regulate CD pathogenesis via their action on PCs and what treatment modalities can be applied to deal with these PC‐mediated pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bhattarai
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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48
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Napier RJ, Lee EJ, Davey MP, Vance EE, Furtado JM, Snow PE, Samson KA, Lashley SJ, Brown BR, Horai R, Mattapallil MJ, Xu B, Callegan MC, Uebelhoer LS, Lancioni CL, Vehe RK, Binstadt BA, Smith JR, Caspi RR, Rosenzweig HL. T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5406. [PMID: 33106495 PMCID: PMC7589501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) cause Blau syndrome, an inflammatory disorder characterized by uveitis. The antimicrobial functions of Nod2 are well-established, yet the cellular mechanisms by which dysregulated Nod2 causes uveitis remain unknown. Here, we report a non-conventional, T cell-intrinsic function for Nod2 in suppression of Th17 immunity and experimental uveitis. Reconstitution of lymphopenic hosts with Nod2-/- CD4+ T cells or retina-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells lacking Nod2 reveals a T cell-autonomous, Rip2-independent mechanism for Nod2 in uveitis. In naive animals, Nod2 operates downstream of TCR ligation to suppress activation of memory CD4+ T cells that associate with an autoreactive-like profile involving IL-17 and Ccr7. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from two Blau syndrome patients show elevated IL-17 and increased CCR7. Our data define Nod2 as a T cell-intrinsic rheostat of Th17 immunity, and open new avenues for T cell-based therapies for Nod2-associated disorders such as Blau syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ellen J Lee
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael P Davey
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Emily E Vance
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - João M Furtado
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paige E Snow
- Department of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Sydney J Lashley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Biying Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean A. McGee Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Richard K Vehe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Cheng WC, You TY, Teo ZZ, Sayyad AA, Maharana J, Guo CW, Liang PH, Lin CS, Meng FC. Further Insights on Structural Modifications of Muramyl Dipeptides to Study the Human NOD2 Stimulating Activity. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3836-3844. [PMID: 32975372 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) analogues with structural modifications at the C4 position of MurNAc and on the d-iso-glutamine (isoGln) residue of the peptide part were synthesized. The C4-diversification of MurNAc was conveniently achieved by using CuAAC click strategy to conjugate an azido muramyl dipeptide precursor with structurally diverse alkynes. d-Glutamic acid (Glu), replaced with isoGln, was applied for the structural diversity through esterification or amidation of the carboxylic acid. In total, 26 MDP analogues were synthesized and bio-evaluated for the study of human NOD2 stimulation activity in the innate immune response. Interestingly, MDP derivatives with an ester moiety are found to be more potent than reference compound MDP itself or MDP analogues containing an amide moiety. Among the varied lengths of the alkyl chain in ester derivatives, the MDP analogue bearing the d-glutamate dodecyl (C12) ester moiety showed the best NOD2 stimulation potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Road, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun You
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Zhuo Teo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ashik A Sayyad
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Chemical biology and molecular Biophysics (CBMB), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Guo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shun Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chun Meng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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Huang K, Yan Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Dong W, Zeng X, Cao Y. Ascorbic Acid Derivative 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-Ascorbic Acid from the Fruit of Lycium barbarum Modulates Microbiota in the Small Intestine and Colon and Exerts an Immunomodulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated BALB/c Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11128-11143. [PMID: 32825805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
2-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is a natural and stable ascorbic acid derivative isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. In our present study, cyclophosphamide (Cy) was used to make BALB/c mice immunosuppressive and AA-2βG was used to intervene immunosuppressive mice. It was found that Cy treatment resulted in a series of changes on basic immune indexes including a decrease of thymus and spleen indexes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and destruction of leucocyte proportion balance, accompanied with weight loss, reduction in colon length, and changes of hepatic function markers. However, all these changes were reversed in varying degrees by AA-2βG intervention. Notably, AA-2βG could significantly change both mouse colonic and small-intestinal microbiota. The key responsive taxa found in a mouse colon were Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillibacter, Rikenella, Helicobacter, Negativibacillus, Alistipes, and Roseburia, and the key responsive taxa found in a mouse small intestine were Muribaculaceae, Anaerotruncus, and Paenibacillus. The results demonstrated that AA-2βG could modulate microbiota in the small intestine and colon and exert an immunomodulatory effect. Further studies should focus on the degradation pathways of AA-2βG and the interaction between AA-2βG and Muribaculaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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