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Raoul P, De Gaetano V, Sciaraffia G, Ormea G, Cintoni M, Pozzo C, Strippoli A, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC, Rinninella E. Gastric Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Nutrition: The Role of Microbiota. Pathogens 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38787209 PMCID: PMC11124250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. However, ICI treatment outcomes vary between individuals and need to be optimized. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could represent a key influencer of immunotherapy responses. At the same time, the nutritional status and diet of GC patients are also predictive of immunotherapy treatment response and survival outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to gather recent findings about the complex relationships between the oral, gastric, and gut bacterial communities, dietary factors/nutritional parameters, and immunotherapy responses. Perigastric/gut microbiota compositions/functions and their metabolites could be predictive of response to immunotherapy in GC patients and even overall survival. At the same time, the strong influence of diet on the composition of the microbiota could have consequences on immunotherapy responses through the impact of muscle mass in GC patients during immunotherapy. Future studies are needed to define more precisely the dietary factors, such as adequate daily intake of prebiotics, that could counteract the dysbiosis of the GC microbiota and the impaired nutritional status, improving the clinical outcomes of GC patients during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Valeria De Gaetano
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianmario Sciaraffia
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Ginevra Ormea
- Degree Course in Pharmacy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Strippoli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tian D, Cui M, Han M. Bacterial muropeptides promote OXPHOS and suppress mitochondrial stress in mammals. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114067. [PMID: 38583150 PMCID: PMC11107371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction critically contributes to many major human diseases. The impact of specific gut microbial metabolites on mitochondrial functions of animals and the underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we report a profound role of bacterial peptidoglycan muropeptides in promoting mitochondrial functions in multiple mammalian models. Muropeptide addition to human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) leads to increased oxidative respiration and ATP production and decreased oxidative stress. Strikingly, muropeptide treatment recovers mitochondrial structure and functions and inhibits several pathological phenotypes of fibroblast cells derived from patients with mitochondrial disease. In mice, muropeptides accumulate in mitochondria of IECs and promote small intestinal homeostasis and nutrient absorption by modulating energy metabolism. Muropeptides directly bind to ATP synthase, stabilize the complex, and promote its enzymatic activity in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that muropeptides promote mitochondria homeostasis at least in part by acting as ATP synthase agonists. This study reveals a potential treatment for human mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mingxue Cui
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Min Han
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Moreau GB, Naz F, Petri WA. Fecal microbiota transplantation stimulates type 2 and tolerogenic immune responses in a mouse model. Anaerobe 2024; 86:102841. [PMID: 38521227 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading hospital-acquired infection in North America. While previous work on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a highly effective treatment for CDI, has focused on colonization resistance mounted against C. difficile by FMT-delivered commensals, the effects of FMT on host gene expression are relatively unexplored. This study aims to identify transcriptional changes associated with FMT, particularly changes associated with protective immune responses. METHODS Gene expression was assessed on day 2 and day 7 after FMT in mice after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Flow cytometry was also performed on colon and mesenteric lymph nodes at day 7 to investigate changes in immune cell populations. RESULTS FMT administration after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis successfully restored microbial alpha diversity to levels of donor mice by day 7 post-FMT. Bulk RNA sequencing of cecal tissue at day 2 identified immune genes, including both pro-inflammatory and Type 2 immune pathways as upregulated after FMT. RNA sequencing was repeated on day 7 post-FMT, and expression of these immune genes was decreased along with upregulation of genes associated with restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Immunoprofiling on day 7 identified increased colonic CD45+ immune cells that exhibited dampened Type 1 and heightened regulatory and Type 2 responses. These include an increased abundance of eosinophils, alternatively activated macrophages, Th2, and T regulatory cell populations. CONCLUSION These results highlight the impact of FMT on host gene expression, providing evidence that FMT restores intestinal homeostasis after antibiotic treatment and facilitates tolerogenic and Type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Farha Naz
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Chorti E, Kowall B, Hassel JC, Schilling B, Sachse M, Gutzmer R, Loquai C, Kähler KC, Hüsing A, Gilde C, Thielmann CM, Zaremba-Montenari A, Placke JM, Gratsias E, Martaki A, Roesch A, Ugurel S, Schadendorf D, Livingstone E, Stang A, Zimmer L. Association of antibiotic treatment with survival outcomes in treatment-naïve melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade. Eur J Cancer 2024; 200:113536. [PMID: 38306840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interaction of gut microbiome and immune system is being studied with increasing interest. Disturbing factors, such as antibiotics may impact the immune system via gut and interfere with tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study exclusively treatment-naïve patients with cutaneous or mucosal melanoma treated with first-line anti-PD-1 based ICB for advanced, non-resectable disease between 06/2013 and 09/2018 were included. Progression-free (PFS), and overall survival (OS) according to antibiotic exposure (within 60 days prior to ICB and after the start of ICB vs. no antibiotic exposure) were analyzed. To account for immortal time bias, data from patients with antibiotics during ICB were analyzed separately in the time periods before and after start of antibiotics. RESULTS Among 578 patients with first-line anti-PD1 based ICB, 7% of patients received antibiotics within 60 days prior to ICB and 19% after starting ICB. Antibiotic exposure prior to ICB was associated with worse PFS (adjusted HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.22-2.52]) and OS (adjusted HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.04-2.58]) by multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounders. The use of antibiotics after the start of ICB had no effect on either PFS (adjusted HR 1.19; 95% CI 0.89-1.60) or OS (adjusted HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.75-1.57). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure within 60 days prior to ICB seems to be associated with worse PFS and OS in melanoma patients receiving first-line anti-PD1 based therapy, whereas antibiotics after the start of ICB do not appear to affect PFS or OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Chorti
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Kowall
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sachse
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Phlebology, Bremerhaven Reinkenheide Hospital, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover and Johannes Wesling Medical Center Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina C Kähler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anika Hüsing
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Catharina Gilde
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover and Johannes Wesling Medical Center Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Carl M Thielmann
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Zaremba-Montenari
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan-Malte Placke
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Gratsias
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Martaki
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, & Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Panda SS, Behera B, Ghosh R, Bagh B, Aich P. Antibiotic induced adipose tissue browning in C57BL/6 mice: An association with the metabolic profile and the gut microbiota. Life Sci 2024; 340:122473. [PMID: 38290571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The use of antibiotics affects health. The gut microbial dysbiosis by antibiotics is thought to be an essential pathway to influence health. It is important to have optimized energy utilization, in which adipose tissues (AT) play crucial roles in maintaining health. Adipocytes regulate the balance between energy expenditure and storage. While it is known that white adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy and brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces energy by thermogenesis, the role of an intermediate AT plays an important role in balancing host internal energy. In the current study, we tried to understand how treating an antibiotic cocktail transforms WAT into BAT or, more precisely, into beige adipose tissue (BeAT). METHODS Since antibiotic treatment perturbs the host microbiota, we wanted to understand the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in transforming WAT into BeAT in C57BL/6 mice. We further correlated the metabolic profile at the systemic level with this BeAT transformation and gut microbiota profile. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, we have reported that the antibiotic cocktail treatment increases the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria while reducing the Bacteroidetes phylum. We observed that prolonged antibiotic treatment could induce the formation of BeAT in the inguinal and perigonadal AT. The correlation analysis showed an association between the gut microbiota phyla, beige adipose tissue markers, and serum metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that the gut microbiota has a significant role in regulating the metabolic health of the host via microbiota-adipose axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sagarika Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Biplab Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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6
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Yang J, Shi X, Gao R, Fan L, Chen R, Cao Y, Xu T, Yang J. Polydatin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3717-3728. [PMID: 37665061 PMCID: PMC10718135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of polydatin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. The lung fibrosis model was induced by BLM. The contents of TNF-α, LPS, IL-6 and IL-1β in lung tissue, intestine and serum were detected by ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing; R language was used to analyse species composition, α-diversity, β-diversity, species differences and marker species. Mice were fed drinking water mixed with four antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin; antibiotics, ABx) to build a mouse model of ABx-induced bacterial depletion; and faecal microbiota from different groups were transplanted into BLM-treated or untreated ABx mice. The histopathological changes and collagen I and α-SMA expression were determined. Polydatin effectively reduced the degree of fibrosis in a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model; BLM and/or polydatin affected the abundance of the dominant gut microbiota in mice. Moreover, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from polydatin-treated BLM mice effectively alleviated lung fibrosis in BLM-treated ABx mice compared with FMT from BLM mice. Polydatin can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in a BLM-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. The alteration of gut microbiota by polydatin may be involved in the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Shi
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rundi Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liming Fan
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tingzhen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junchao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Jiang S, Liu A, Ma W, Liu X, Luo P, Zhan M, Zhou X, Chen L, Zhang J. Lactobacillus gasseri CKCC1913 mediated modulation of the gut-liver axis alleviated insulin resistance and liver damage induced by type 2 diabetes. Food Funct 2023; 14:8504-8520. [PMID: 37655696 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota disorder. Compared to drug interventions, probiotic interventions may have a more enduring effect without producing any side effects. Thus, the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for diabetes and other metabolic disorders has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus gasseri CKCC1913, a potential probiotic strain, in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant diabetes using the C57BL/6J mouse animal model. From the results, L. gasseri CKCC1913 has been shown to increase glucose tolerance, reduce fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Besides, L. gasseri CKCC1913 intervention effectively alleviated oxidative stress damage by increasing SOD activity, decreasing MDA levels, reducing insulin resistance, and improving dyslipidemia caused by diabetes. The potential mechanism of L. gasseri CKCC1913 in improving metabolic health and alleviating diabetes involves an increased abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Parabacteroides merdae, which directly produce short-chain fatty acids that help regulate immune cells and reduce inflammation. SCFAs also enter the bloodstream and promote antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, protecting against oxidative damage. Additionally, L. gasseri CKCC1913 influences local bacterial metabolism pathways, such as the superpathway of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, leading to an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and improving lipid metabolism and glucose control in diabetic mice. In summary, in this study, L. gasseri CKCC1913 and its potential impact on metabolic health highlight the promising potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for diabetes. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal dose and duration, investigating the long-term effects and mechanisms of action, and exploring the potential use of probiotics as an adjunct to other therapies or in preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Aijie Liu
- ClassyKiss Dairy (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, China
| | - Wenyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | | | - Meng Zhan
- ClassyKiss Dairy (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, China
| | | | - Lihao Chen
- ClassyKiss Dairy (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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8
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Ka Y, Ito R, Nozu R, Tomiyama K, Ueno M, Ogura T, Takahashi R. Establishment of a human microbiome- and immune system-reconstituted dual-humanized mouse model. Exp Anim 2023; 72:402-412. [PMID: 37019665 PMCID: PMC10435363 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice are widely used to study the human immune system in vivo and investigate therapeutic targets for various human diseases. Immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice transferred with human hematopoietic stem cells are a useful model for studying human immune systems and analyzing engrafted human immune cells. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development and function of immune cells and the maintenance of immune homeostasis; however, there is currently no available animal model that has been reconstituted with human gut microbiota and immune systems in vivo. In this study, we established a new model of CD34+ cell-transferred humanized germ-free NOG mice using an aseptic method. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the germ-free humanized mice exhibited a lower level of human CD3+ T cells than the SPF humanized mice. Additionally, we found that the human CD3+ T cells slightly increased after transplanting human gut microbiota into the germ-free humanized mice, suggesting that the human microbiota supports T cell proliferation or maintenance in humanized mice colonized by the gut microbiota. Consequently, the dual-humanized mice may be useful for investigating the physiological role of the gut microbiota in human immunity in vivo and for application as a new humanized mouse model in cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyo Ka
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nozu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kayo Tomiyama
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masami Ueno
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ogura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Riichi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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9
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Pace E, Yanowitz TD, Waltz P, Morowitz MJ. Antibiotic therapy and necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151308. [PMID: 37295297 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy remains a cornerstone of treatment of both medical and surgical presentations of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, guidelines regarding the administration of antibiotics for the treatment of NEC are lacking and practices vary amongst clinicians. Although the pathogenesis of NEC is unknown, there is consensus that the infant gastrointestinal microbiome contributes to the disease. The presumed connection between dysbiosis and NEC has prompted some to study whether early prophylactic enteral antibiotics can prevent NEC. Yet others have taken an opposing approach, studying whether perinatal antibiotic exposure increases the risk of NEC by inducing a state of dysbiosis. This narrative review summarizes what is known about antibiotics and their association with the infant microbiome and NEC, current antibiotic prescribing practices for infants with medical and surgical NEC, as well as potential strategies to further optimize the use of antibiotics in this population of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pace
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery, United States
| | - Toby D Yanowitz
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, United States
| | - Paul Waltz
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Michael J Morowitz
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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10
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Dallas JW, Warne RW. Captivity and Animal Microbiomes: Potential Roles of Microbiota for Influencing Animal Conservation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:820-838. [PMID: 35316343 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the ongoing biodiversity crisis, captive conservation and breeding programs offer a refuge for species to persist and provide source populations for reintroduction efforts. Unfortunately, captive animals are at a higher disease risk and reintroduction efforts remain largely unsuccessful. One potential factor in these outcomes is the host microbiota which includes a large diversity and abundance of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that play an essential role in host physiology. Relative to wild populations, the generalized pattern of gut and skin microbiomes in captivity are reduced alpha diversity and they exhibit a significant shift in community composition and/or structure which often correlates with various physiological maladies. Many conditions of captivity (antibiotic exposure, altered diet composition, homogenous environment, increased stress, and altered intraspecific interactions) likely lead to changes in the host-associated microbiome. To minimize the problems arising from captivity, efforts can be taken to manipulate microbial diversity and composition to be comparable with wild populations through methods such as increasing dietary diversity, exposure to natural environmental reservoirs, or probiotics. For individuals destined for reintroduction, these strategies can prime the microbiota to buffer against novel pathogens and changes in diet and improve reintroduction success. The microbiome is a critical component of animal physiology and its role in species conservation should be expanded and included in the repertoire of future management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Robin W Warne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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11
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Han B, Zhang X, Wang L, Yuan W. Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Contributes to Uremic Cardiomyopathy via Induction of IFNγ-Producing CD4 + T Cells Expansion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0310122. [PMID: 36788674 PMCID: PMC9927280 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03101-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) correlates with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced morbidity and mortality. Gut microbiota has been involved in the pathogenesis of certain cardiovascular disease, but the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of UCM remains unknown. Here, we performed a case-control study to compare the gut microbiota of patients with CKD and healthy controls by 16S rRNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. To test the causative relationship between gut microbiota and UCM, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 5/6th nephrectomy model of CKD. We found that opportunistic pathogens, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), are markedly enriched in patients with CKD. FMT from CKD patients aggravated diastolic dysfunction in the mouse model. The diastolic dysfunction was associated with microbiome-dependent increases in heart-infiltrating IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells. Monocolonization with K. pneumoniae increased cardiac IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells infiltration and promoted UCM development of the mouse model. A probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis decreased the relative abundance of K. pneumoniae, reduced levels of cardiac IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells and ameliorated the severity of diastolic dysfunction in the mice. Thus, the aberrant gut microbiota in CKD patients, especially K. pneumoniae, contributed to UCM pathogenesis through the induction of heart-infiltrating IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells expansion, proposing that a Gut Microbiota-Gut-Kidney-Heart axis could play a critical role in elucidating the etiology of UCM, and suggesting that modulation of the gut bacteria may serve as a promising target for the amelioration of UCM. IMPORTANCE Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) correlates tightly with increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the pathogenesis of UCM remains incompletely understood, limiting therapeutic approaches. Our study proposed that a Gut Microbiota-Gut-Kidney-Heart axis could play a critical role in understanding etiology of UCM. There is a major need in future clinical trials of patients with CKD to explore if modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics or antibiotics can alleviate cardiac dysfunction, reduce mortality, and improve life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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The Interaction between Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gut Microbiota in the Antioxidant Effects of Extracts from Sonchus brachyotus DC. in Oxazolone-Induced Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Adult Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010192. [PMID: 36671053 PMCID: PMC9854779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues that eventually leads to the production of various diseases. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of the extract from Sonchus brachyotus DC. (SBE) based on the 0.2% oxazolone-induced intestinal oxidative stress model of zebrafish. Compared to the model group, the treatment group alleviated oxazolone-induced intestinal tissue damage and reduced the contents of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, and TNF-α and then increased the contents of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and IL-10. The 16s rDNA gene sequencing findings demonstrated that SBE could increase the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes and decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Based on the correlation analysis between the oxidative stress biomarkers and intestinal flora, we found that the trends of oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly correlated with intestinal microorganisms, especially at the genus level. The correlations of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly negative with Shewanella, while SOD, GSH-Px, and IL-10 were significantly positive with Cetobacterium, Gemmobacter, and Flavobacterium. Consequently, we concluded that the antioxidant effect of SBE was realized through the interaction between oxidative stress biomarkers and gut microbiota.
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13
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Matzaras R, Nikopoulou A, Protonotariou E, Christaki E. Gut Microbiota Modulation and Prevention of Dysbiosis as an Alternative Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:479-494. [PMID: 36568836 PMCID: PMC9765331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The importance of gut microbiota in human health is being increasingly studied. Imbalances in gut microbiota have been associated with infection, inflammation, and obesity. Antibiotic use is the most common and significant cause of major alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota and can result in colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: The purpose of this review is to present existing evidence on how microbiota modulation and prevention of gut dysbiosis can serve as tools to combat antimicrobial resistance. Results: While the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens requires antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action, the number of newly discovered antimicrobial classes remains very low. For this reason, the application of alternative modalities to combat antimicrobial resistance is necessary. Diet, probiotics/prebiotics, selective oropharyngeal or digestive decontamination, and especially fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are under investigation with FMT being the most studied. But, as prevention is better than cure, the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and strict infection control measures along with newly developed chelating agents could also play a crucial role in decreasing colonization with multidrug resistant organisms. Conclusion: New alternative tools to fight antimicrobial resistance via gut microbiota modulation, seem to be effective and should remain the focus of further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafail Matzaras
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine,
University General Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - Anna Nikopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, G. Papanikolaou
General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimia Protonotariou
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Christaki
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine,
University General Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina,
Greece,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Eirini Christaki, University General Hospital of Ioannina, St. Niarchou,
Ioannina, Greece; ; ORCID:
https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-6367
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14
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Song B, Li P, Xu H, Wang Z, Yuan J, Zhang B, Lv Z, Song Z, Guo Y. Effects of rearing system and antibiotic treatment on immune function, gut microbiota and metabolites of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 36522791 PMCID: PMC9756480 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems, but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher. Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulated by more environmental microbes during the growth process and show strong immune function and status, but knowledge of which microbes and their metabolites play an immunomodulatory role is still limited. This study aimed to explore the differences and correlations in the immune function, gut microbiota and metabolites and the importance of gut microbiota of broilers raised in cages and ground litter pens. METHODS The experiment involved a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with rearing systems (cages or ground litter pens) and antibiotic treatment (with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water) as factors. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the cage group, the ground litter broilers had stronger nonspecific immune function (Macrophages% and NO in blood), humoral immune function (IgG in blood, LPS stimulation index in ileum) and cellular immune function (T%, Tc%, ConA stimulation index and cytokines in blood). Antibiotic (ABX) treatment significantly reduced nonspecific immune function (Macrophages% and NO in blood, iNOS and Mucin2 mRNA expression in ileum), humoral immune function (IgG in blood and sIgA in ileum) and cellular immune function (T% and cytokines in blood, Th and Tc ratio, TLRs and cytokines mRNA expression in ileum). Furthermore, the ground litter broilers had higher α diversity of microbiota in ileum. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Jeotgalibaca and Pediococcus in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher. ABX treatment significantly reduced the α diversity of ileal microbiota, with less Chloroplast and Mitochondria. In addition, the levels of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Jeotgalibaca, Pediococcus, acetic acid, kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid were related to the immune function. CONCLUSIONS There were more potential pathogens, litter breeding bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, kynurenine, allolithocholic acid and tryptophan metabolites in the ileum of broilers in ground litter pens, which may be the reason for its stronger immune function and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huiping Xu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhong Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhigang Song
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Yuming Guo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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15
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Hung CF, Matute-Bello G. The Gut-Lung Axis: What's below the Diaphragm Is Also Important. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:617-618. [PMID: 36154807 PMCID: PMC9743180 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0365ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chi F Hung
- Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington
- Medical Research Service VA Puget Sound Healthcare System Seattle, Washington
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16
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Yu J, Cheon JH. Microbial Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e44. [PMID: 36627937 PMCID: PMC9807960 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is one of prominent features in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are of an unknown etiology. Although the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and gut dysbiosis remains to be elucidated, one area of research has focused on the management of IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis. The use of antibiotics, probiotics either with or without prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors are representative methods for modulating the intestinal microbiota ecosystem. The gut microbiota is not a simple assembly of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a complex organ-like community system composed of numerous kinds of microorganisms. Thus, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on which treatment option is applied are very limited. Here, we review previous studies on microbial modulation as a therapeutic option for IBD and its significance in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwook Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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17
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Hao J, Wang S, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Zhang D, Li A. Attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae WC1535 ∆Sia perturbs the gut microbiota of Oreochromis niloticus, massively colonizes the intestine, and induces intestinal mucosal immunity after intraperitoneal inoculation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1036432. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1036432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed and assessed the effectiveness of the attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) strain WC1535 ∆Sia (with neuA-D gene cluster deletion) vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities of the tilapia intestines by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and assessed the serum antibody response, expression of immune-related genes, and histological changes following formalin-killed GBS vaccine (FKV) and the live attenuated vaccine ∆Sia (LAV). Results showed that FKV and LAV induced robust systemic and intestinal mucosal immune responses in tilapia without causing obvious pathological changes in the hindgut, spleen, and head kidney but exerted different effects on intestinal bacterial communities. The richness or diversity of the intestinal bacterial community of FKV tilapia showed no significant changes compared with that of the control fish (p > 0.05) at either day 21 post-initial vaccination (21 dpiv) or day 35 (day 14 after the second immunization) (35 dpiv). The community composition of FKV tilapia and controls was significantly similar, although the relative abundance of some genera was significantly altered. Relative to control fish, the gut ecosystem of LAV tilapia was significantly disturbed with a substantial increase in community diversity at 21 dpiv (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease at 35 dpiv in fish with high serum antibody response (ΔSia35H) (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between ΔSia35H and ΔSia35L (low serum antibody response) fish (p > 0.05). Moreover, the community composition of LAV tilapia at 21 dpiv or 35 dpiv was considerably different from that of the controls. Particularly, GBS ∆Sia was found to be abundant in the intestine at 21 and 35 dpiv. This result suggested that the parenteral administration of the LAV (∆Sia) may also have the effect of oral vaccination in addition to the immune effect of injection vaccination. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the expression of immune-related genes and certain bacterial species in the intestinal mucosal flora. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of inactivated and attenuated vaccines on gut microbiota and their relationship with the immune response.
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18
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Du H, Yang C, Lin G. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101371. [PMID: 36291305 PMCID: PMC9599232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognitive function that occur shortly after surgery or emergence from anesthesia. Since it occurs prevalently in neurosurgical patients and poses great threats to the well-being of patients, much emphasis is placed on POD in neurosurgical units. However, there are intricate theories about its pathogenesis and limited pharmacological interventions for POD. In this study, we review the recent insights into its pathogenesis, mainly based on studies within five years, and the five dominant pathological theories that account for the development of POD, with the intention of furthering our understanding and boosting its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA 94587, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
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19
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Intestinal Microbiota: The Driving Force behind Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194796. [PMID: 36230724 PMCID: PMC9564057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the great achievements of cancer immunotherapy in a variety of tumors, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance still plague patients and clinical researchers. In particular, the occurrence of immune-related adverse events forces patients to discontinue cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize cancer immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. With the iteration of sequencing technology, the microbiome, as the second set of genomes in the body, has been proven to be involved in immunity and metabolism. More and more studies are gradually shifting the perspective to the intestinal microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiota reactivates and modulates immune cells in immunotherapy and is expected to become a biomarker for predicting immune efficacy. Targeting to improve the intestinal microbiota can enhance anti-tumor immunity. This advantage is beneficial to control related adverse symptoms and expand the beneficiary population of cancer immunotherapy. This finding can help clinicians comprehensively evaluate the effect of tumor screening and tumor treatment. Therefore, the innovative combination of gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy is expected to be an active strategy to enhance individualized immune responses. Abstract In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become a breakthrough method to solve solid tumors. It uses immune checkpoint inhibitors to interfere with tumor immune escape to coordinate anti-tumor therapy. However, immunotherapy has an individualized response rate. Moreover, immune-related adverse events and drug resistance are still urgent issues that need to be resolved, which may be attributed to the immune imbalance caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Microbiome research has fully revealed the metabolic-immune interaction relationship between the microbiome and the host. Surprisingly, sequencing technology further proved that intestinal microbiota could effectively intervene in tumor immunotherapy and reduce the incidence of adverse events. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy under the intervention of intestinal microbiota has innovatively broadened the anti-tumor landscape and is expected to become an active strategy to enhance individualized responses.
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Soveral LF, Korczaguin GG, Schmidt PS, Nunes IS, Fernandes C, Zárate-Bladés CR. Immunological mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4762-4772. [PMID: 36156924 PMCID: PMC9476857 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (rCDI) with around 90% efficacy. Due to the relative simplicity of this approach, it is being widely used and currently, thousands of patients have been treated with FMT worldwide. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying its effects are just beginning to be understood. Data indicate that FMT effectiveness is due to a combination of microbiological direct mechanisms against C. difficile, but also through indirect mechanisms including the production of microbiota-derived metabolites as secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids. Moreover, the modulation of the strong inflammatory response triggered by C. difficile after FMT seems to rely on a pivotal role of regulatory T cells, which would be responsible for the reduction of several cells and soluble inflammatory mediators, ensuing normalization of the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this minireview, we analyze recent advances in these immunological aspects associated with the efficacy of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Soveral
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Korczaguin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro S Schmidt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel S Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Camilo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianopolis 88025-301, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
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21
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Heimesaat MM, Mousavi S, Bandick R, Bereswill S. Campylobacter jejuni infection induces acute enterocolitis in IL-10-/- mice pretreated with ampicillin plus sulbactam. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 12:73-83. [PMID: 36069779 PMCID: PMC9530677 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2022.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota depletion is a pivotal prerequisite to warrant Campylobacter jejuni infection and induced inflammation in IL-10-/- mice used as acute campylobacteriosis model. We here assessed the impact of an 8-week antibiotic regimen of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, metronidazole, and vancomycin (ABx) as compared to ampicillin plus sulbactam (A/S) on gut microbiota depletion and immunopathological responses upon oral C. jejuni infection. Our obtained results revealed that both antibiotic regimens were comparably effective in depleting the murine gut microbiota facilitating similar pathogenic colonization alongside the gastrointestinal tract following oral infection. Irrespective of the preceding microbiota depletion regimen, mice were similarly compromised by acute C. jejuni induced enterocolitis as indicated by comparable clinical scores and macroscopic as well as microscopic sequelae such as colonic histopathology and apoptosis on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the large intestines were similar in both infected cohorts, which also held true for intestinal, extra-intestinal and even systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6. In conclusion, gut microbiota depletion in IL-10-/- mice by ampicillin plus sulbactam is sufficient to investigate both, C. jejuni infection and the immunopathological features of acute campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Heimesaat
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasmus Bandick
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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Liu B, Chen X, Zhou L, Li J, Wang D, Yang W, Wu H, Yao J, Yang G, Wang C, Feng J, Jiang T. The gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to influenza virus (H1N1) infection in mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1469-e1487. [PMID: 35156318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens from wild animals cause approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Studies on the immune systems of natural hosts are helpful for preventing the spread of EIDs. Bats are natural hosts for many emerging infectious pathogens and have a unique immune system that often coexists with pathogens without infection. Previous studies have shown that some genes and proteins may help bats fight virus infection, but little is known about the function of the bat gut microbiome on immunity. Here, we transplanted gut microbiota from wild bats (Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger) into antibiotic-treated mice, and found that the gut microbiota from bats regulated the immune system faster than mice after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, we infected mice with H1N1, and found that the gut microbiota of bats could effectively protect mice, leading to decreased inflammatory response and increased survival rate. Finally, metabolomics analysis showed that the gut microbiota of bats produced more flavonoid and isoflavones. Our results demonstrate that the quick-start innate immune response endowed by bat gut microbiota and the regulatory and antiviral effects of gut microbiota metabolites successfully ensured mouse survival after viral challenge. To our knowledge, our study was the first to use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant the gut microbiota of bats into mice, and the first to provide evidence that the gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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23
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Yang Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Peng J, Wei H. Effect of the Microbiome on Intestinal Innate Immune Development in Early Life and the Potential Strategy of Early Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936300. [PMID: 35928828 PMCID: PMC9344006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life is a vital period for mammals to be colonized with the microbiome, which profoundly influences the development of the intestinal immune function. For neonates to resist pathogen infection and avoid gastrointestinal illness, the intestinal innate immune system is critical. Thus, this review summarizes the development of the intestinal microbiome and the intestinal innate immune barrier, including the intestinal epithelium and immune cells from the fetal to the weaning period. Moreover, the impact of the intestinal microbiome on innate immune development and the two main way of early-life intervention including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) also are discussed in this review. We hope to highlight the crosstalk between early microbial colonization and intestinal innate immunity development and offer some information for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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24
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Lu J, Hou W, Gao S, Zhang Y, Zong Y. The Role of Gut Microbiota—Gut—Brain Axis in Perioperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879745. [PMID: 35774608 PMCID: PMC9237434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the world population and advances in medical and health technology, more and more elderly patients are undergoing anesthesia and surgery, and perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is receiving increasing attention. The latest definition of PND, published simultaneously in November 2018 in 6 leading journals in the field of anesthesiology, clarifies that PND includes preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction and meets the diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive impairment in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -fifth edition (DSM-5). The time frame for PND includes preoperatively and within 12 months postoperatively. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota regulates central nervous function and behavior through the gut microbiota - gut - brain axis, but the role of the axis in the pathogenesis of PND remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism of the role of gut microbiota-gut-brain axis in PND, so as to help explore reasonable early treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenlong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sunan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Youming Zong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Youming Zong,
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25
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Uhlig E, Elli G, Nurminen N, Oscarsson E, Canaviri-Paz P, Burri S, Rohrstock AM, Rahman M, Alsanius B, Molin G, Zeller KS, Håkansson Å. Comparative immunomodulatory effects in mice and in human dendritic cells of five bacterial strains selected for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113064. [PMID: 35561874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The market for ready-to eat vegetables is increasing, but unfortunately so do the numbers of food-borne illness outbreaks related to these products. A previous study has identified bacterial strains suitable for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables to reduce the exposure to pathogens in these products. As a tentative safety evaluation, five selected strains (Rhodococcus cerastii MR5x, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32205, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32206, Pseudomonas cedrina LMG P-32207 and Pseudomonas punonensis LMG P-32204) were individually compared for immunomodulating effects in mice and in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Mice receiving the two B. coagulans strains consistently resemble the immunological response of the normal control, and no, or low, cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was observed in MoDCs exposed to B. coagulans strains. However, different responses were seen in the two models for the Gram-negative P. cedrina and the Gram-positive R. cerastii. Moreover, P. punonensis and B. coagulans increased the microbiota diversity in mice as seen by the Shannon-Wiener index. In conclusion, the two strains of B. coagulans showed an immunological response that indicate that they lack pathogenic abilities, thus encouraging further safety evaluation and showing great potential to be used as biocontrol agents on leafy green vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Uhlig
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Giulia Elli
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village Bldg 406, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Oscarsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pamela Canaviri-Paz
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stina Burri
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Rohrstock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 47, 205 022, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 47, 205 022, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrix Alsanius
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Laboratory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Göran Molin
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Håkansson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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26
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The effect of inulin-type fructans on the intestinal immune function of antibiotic-treated mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3265-3278. [PMID: 35376973 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with inulin-type fructans (ITFs) on the intestinal immune function in the context of dysbiosis resulting from antibiotic cocktail (ABx) treatment. BALB/c mice (8-9 weeks of age) were treated with an ABx for 3 weeks and then allowed to recover spontaneously or with ITF supplementation (5%) for 4 weeks. Our results showed that ABx treatment can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in mice. After 4 weeks of recovery, ITF supplementation restored the composition of the intestinal microbial community. However, compared with spontaneous recovery, ITF supplementation delayed inflammation recovery in the intestine and upregulated diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content in serum. In addition, ITF supplementation delayed the regulatory T (Treg) cell and B cell recovery in the lamina propria (LP). Furthermore, compared with spontaneous recovery, ITF supplementation inhibited the relative expression of certain proinflammatory genes, such as for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumour necrosis factor α (Tnf-α), in the colon, but it reduced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory mediator transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in serum, reduced the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the colon and promoted the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A. In conclusion, these data supported the hypothesis that the influence of ITFs on the host's intestinal status is not always beneficial in the context of ABx-induced biological disorder. However, the significance of these findings needs to be determined by advanced studies KEY POINTS: • ITFs did not promote the recovery of microbial community composition. • ITFs delayed the recovery of ABx-induced colonic inflammation. • ITFs reduced the secretion of TGF-β1 and SIgA. • ITFs delayed the recovery of Treg and B cells in the LP.
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27
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Yang Z, Wei F, Zhang B, Luo Y, Xing X, Wang M, Chen R, Sun G, Sun X. Cellular Immune Signal Exchange From Ischemic Stroke to Intestinal Lesions Through Brain-Gut Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:688619. [PMID: 35432368 PMCID: PMC9010780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.688619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital pivot for the human circulatory system, the brain-gut axis is now being considered as an important channel for many of the small immune molecules’ transductions, including interleukins, interferons, neurotransmitters, peptides, and the chemokines penetrating the mesentery and blood brain barrier (BBB) during the development of an ischemic stroke (IS). Hypoxia-ischemia contributes to pituitary and neurofunctional disorders by interfering with the molecular signal release and communication then providing feedback to the gut. Suffering from such a disease on a long-term basis may cause the peripheral system’s homeostasis to become imbalanced, and it can also lead to multiple intestinal complications such as gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and even the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Correspondingly, these complications will deteriorate the cerebral infarctions and, in patients suffering with IS, it can even ruin the brain’s immune system. This review summarized recent studies on abnormal immunological signal exchange mediated polarization subtype changes, in both macrophages and microglial cells as well as T-lymphocytes. How gut complications modulate the immune signal transduction from the brain are also elucidated and analyzed. The conclusions drawn in this review could provide guidance and novel strategies to benefit remedies for both IS and relative gut lesions from immune-prophylaxis and immunotherapy aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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28
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Shi CY, Yu CH, Yu WY, Ying HZ. Gut-Lung Microbiota in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:9278441. [PMID: 34900069 PMCID: PMC8664551 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9278441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota colonized in the human body has a symbiotic relationship with human body and forms a different microecosystem, which affects human immunity, metabolism, endocrine, and other physiological processes. The imbalance of microbiota is usually linked to the aberrant immune responses and inflammation, which eventually promotes the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, often have alteration of the composition and function of intestinal and lung microbiota. Gut microbiota affects respiratory immunity and barrier function through the lung-gut microbiota, resulting in altered prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases. In turn, lung dysbiosis promotes aggravation of lung diseases and causes intestinal dysfunction through persistent activation of lymphoid cells in the body. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have disclosed the pivotal roles of lung-gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases. This review focuses on the association between the gut-lung dysbiosis and respiratory diseases pathogenesis. In addition, potential therapeutic modalities, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also evaluated for the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yi Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huan Yu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Ghimire S, Weber D, Hippe K, Meedt E, Hoepting M, Kattner AS, Hiergeist A, Gessner A, Matos C, Ghimire S, Wolff D, Edinger M, Hoffmann P, Poeck H, Herr W, Holler E. GPR Expression in Intestinal Biopsies From SCT Patients Is Upregulated in GvHD and Is Suppressed by Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753287. [PMID: 34777363 PMCID: PMC8588834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota can exert immunomodulatory effects by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in experimental models of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Therefore we aimed to analyze the expression of SCFAs sensing G-protein coupled receptor GPR109A and GPR43 by quantitative PCR in 338 gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies obtained from 199 adult patients undergoing allo-SCT and assessed the interaction of GPR with FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cell infiltrates. GPR expression was strongly upregulated in patients with stage II-IV GvHD (p=0.000 for GPR109A, p=0.01 for GPR43) and at the onset of GvHD (p 0.000 for GPR109A, p=0.006 for GPR43) and correlated strongly with FOXP3 and NLRP3 expression. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) drastically suppressed GPR expression as well as FOXP3 expression in patients’ gut biopsies (p=0.000 for GPRs, FOXP3 mRNA and FOXP3+ cellular infiltrates). Logistic regression analysis revealed treatment with Abx as an independent factor associated with GPR and FOXP3 loss. The upregulation of GPRs was evident only in the absence of Abx (p=0.001 for GPR109A, p=0.014 for GPR43) at GvHD onset. Thus, GPR expression seems to be upregulated in the presence of commensal bacteria and associates with infiltration of FOXP3+ T regs, suggesting a protective, regenerative immunomodulatory response. However, Abx, which has been shown to induce dysbiosis, interferes with this protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hippe
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meedt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoepting
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Kattner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMHR), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMHR), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saroj Ghimire
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Gai X, Wang H, Li Y, Zhao H, He C, Wang Z, Zhao H. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Protects the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Reconstructing the Gut Microbiota in a Murine Model of Sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:736204. [PMID: 34631604 PMCID: PMC8493958 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis may be the key factor. Previous studies have shown that the gut flora was significantly altered in critically ill patients. This study aimed to observe what kind of GM dysbiosis is in the early stage of sepsis and whether the application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can reconstruct the GM of septic mice and restore its protective function on the intestinal mucosal barrier. The study investigated the effect of FMT on gut microbiota, mucosal barrier function, inflammatory response, and survival in a murine model of sepsis established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). It is found that FMT can not only reduce morbidity and mortality and restore the abundance and diversity of the gut flora in septic mice, but can also improve the intestinal barrier function by reducing epithelial cell apoptosis, improving the composition of the mucus layer, upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, and reducing intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response. After FMT, Lachnospiraceae contributed the most to intestinal protection through enhancement of the L-lysine fermentation pathway. FMT offers a microbe-mediated survival advantage in a murine model of sepsis. Therefore, an improved understanding of the connection between microbiota, and systemic illness may yield new therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qinhuangdao Jungong Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Infection, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heling Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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31
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Bornbusch SL, Harris RL, Grebe NM, Roche K, Dimac-Stohl K, Drea CM. Antibiotics and fecal transfaunation differentially affect microbiota recovery, associations, and antibiotic resistance in lemur guts. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:65. [PMID: 34598739 PMCID: PMC8485508 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics alter the diversity, structure, and dynamics of host-associated microbial consortia, including via development of antibiotic resistance; however, patterns of recovery from microbial imbalances and methods to mitigate associated negative effects remain poorly understood, particularly outside of human-clinical and model-rodent studies that focus on outcome over process. To improve conceptual understanding of host-microbe symbiosis in more naturalistic contexts, we applied an ecological framework to a non-traditional, strepsirrhine primate model via long-term, multi-faceted study of microbial community structure before, during, and following two experimental manipulations. Specifically, we administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic, either alone or with subsequent fecal transfaunation, to healthy, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), then used 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to longitudinally track the diversity, composition, associations, and resistomes of their gut microbiota both within and across baseline, treatment, and recovery phases. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment resulted in a drastic decline in microbial diversity and a dramatic alteration in community composition. Whereas microbial diversity recovered rapidly regardless of experimental group, patterns of microbial community composition reflected long-term instability following treatment with antibiotics alone, a pattern that was attenuated by fecal transfaunation. Covariation analysis revealed that certain taxa dominated bacterial associations, representing potential keystone species in lemur gut microbiota. Antibiotic resistance genes, which were universally present, including in lemurs that had never been administered antibiotics, varied across individuals and treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term, integrated study post antibiotic-induced microbial imbalance revealed differential, metric-dependent evidence of recovery, with beneficial effects of fecal transfaunation on recovering community composition, and potentially negative consequences to lemur resistomes. Beyond providing new perspectives on the dynamics that govern host-associated communities, particularly in the Anthropocene era, our holistic study in an endangered species is a first step in addressing the recent, interdisciplinary calls for greater integration of microbiome science into animal care and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L. Harris
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Grebe
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Kimberly Roche
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Drea
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Teixeira FME, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Oliveira LDM. Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? Front Nutr 2021; 8:674258. [PMID: 34557509 PMCID: PMC8453008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huang Q, Xia J. Influence of the gut microbiome on inflammatory and immune response after stroke. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4937-4951. [PMID: 34536154 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Researches on the bidirectional communications between the gut microbiota and brain, termed the gut-brain axis, often bring about discoveries and drive the development of medicine and biology for stroke. Following stroke, the gut-brain axis is perturbed significantly on dysbiotic gut microbiome, intestinal dysfunction, enteric nervous system, increased gut permeability, and activated immune cells in the gut, which in turn results in infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells or bacterial toxins into brain tissue through impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB), finally exacerbated brain infarction. Herein, we illuminate the changes in the immune system and highlight the possible mechanisms of the gut microbiota to regulate inflammatory and immune processes in the context of stroke. We conducted a systematic literatures search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and guideline-specific databases until May 2021 using the following key terms: gut microbiota, stroke, immune, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China.
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34
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de Souza Vilela J, Andronicos NM, Kolakshyapati M, Hilliar M, Sibanda TZ, Andrew NR, Swick RA, Wilkinson S, Ruhnke I. Black soldier fly larvae in broiler diets improve broiler performance and modulate the immune system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:695-706. [PMID: 34466674 PMCID: PMC8379420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-conventional feed ingredients are receiving more interest in their ability to increase farming efficiency, sustainability and animal performance. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal rate of inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in broiler diets and to evaluate their impact on performance, nutrient digestibility, and the immune system (blood cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes). A total of 400 male day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates each. Five inclusion levels of full-fat BSFL were investigated across starter (0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%), grower and finisher diets (0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). All diets were formulated based on digestible amino acid values according to the Aviagen (2016) recommendations. A polynomial regression at different degrees was performed to analyse broiler performance parameters (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), nutrient digestibility, and blood cell count. Intraepithelial lymphocyte population data was analysed performing univariate linear regression. During the entire experimental period (from 2 to 42 d), BSFL inclusion levels decreased the feed conversion ratio by 10% in broilers that received 20% BSFL in their diets (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes and white blood cell count decreased linearly by 47.7% and 35.9%, respectively, with up to 20% BSFL inclusion (P < 0.001). A 4-fold decrease in CD3+ T lymphocytes and a 9.7-fold decrease of CD3+CD8+ intestinal cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurred in broilers fed 20% BSFL compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the inclusion of BSFL can improve broiler performance and potentially reduce immune response energy expenditure in birds fed 20% BSFL for 42 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica de Souza Vilela
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Andronicos
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha Kolakshyapati
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Hilliar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Terence Z Sibanda
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Isabelle Ruhnke
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Kulkarni AA, Ebadi M, Zhang S, Meybodi MA, Ali AM, DeFor T, Shanley R, Weisdorf D, Ryan C, Vasu S, Rashidi A, Patel MR. Comparative analysis of antibiotic exposure association with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy versus immunotherapy across three tumour types. ESMO Open 2021; 5:e000803. [PMID: 32900789 PMCID: PMC7477978 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In solid tumours, antibiotic use during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is associated with shorter survival. Following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), antibiotic-induced gut microbiome alterations are associated with risk of relapse and mortality. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate antitumour immune response across tumour types, though it is not clear if the impact on outcomes is specific to immune therapy. An important limitation of previous studies is that the analysis combined all antibiotic exposures irrespective of the antibiotic spectrum of activity. Whether antibiotic exposure during induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) affects risk of relapse is also unknown. Patients and methods We performed a single-centred retrospective analysis of antibiotic exposures in metastatic/advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell cancer (RCC) receiving ICI and newly diagnosed AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy achieving a complete remission 1. Antibiotic use within 4 weeks before and 6 weeks after the ICI initiation were included. In AML patients, antibiotic exposures between days 1 and 28 of induction were collected. Antibiotics were a priori stratified based on spectrum of activity. Primary outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) in NSCLC and RCC and relapse-free survival (RFS) in AML. Results 140 patients with NSCLC, 55 with RCC and 143 with AML were included. In multivariable analysis, PFS and OS were shorter in NSCLC patients who received broad-spectrum anti-anaerobes (PFS, HR=3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.2, p<0.01; OS, HR=1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.6, p=0.19) or ‘other’ antibiotics (vancomycin-predominant) (PFS, HR=2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.6, p<0.01; OS, HR=2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.01). In RCC, patients who received penicillins/penicillin-class/early-generation cephalosporins had shorter PFS (HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.6, p<0.01) but similar OS (p=0.37). In the AML cohort, none of the exposures were associated with RFS. Conclusion In contrast to AML, antibiotic exposures in solid tumours affected clinical outcomes. The presence of an allogeneic effect (allo-HCT) or an augmented immune system (checkpoint blockade) may be necessary for microbiota mediation of relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Kulkarni
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mohamad A Meybodi
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alaa M Ali
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd DeFor
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Weisdorf
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles Ryan
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Armin Rashidi
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manish Ramesh Patel
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Wang M, Cao J, Gong C, Amakye WK, Yao M, Ren J. Exploring the microbiota-Alzheimer's disease linkage using short-term antibiotic treatment followed by fecal microbiota transplantation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:227-238. [PMID: 34111528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is proven to be involved in the development of beta amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since there are difficulties in translating microbiota findings based on germ-free mice into clinical practice, here, we used short-term antibiotic cocktail treatment to develop a novel model with a near-germ-free status and without impacting Aβ pathology. Three months old APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice were fed with antibiotic cocktails for two weeks by gavage to obtain a near "germ-free" status, and then received the donor fecal matter from the 16 months old APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice for 7 consecutive days. Fecal pellets were collected prior to antibiotics treatment, following antibiotic exposure, prior to and following fecal microbiota transplantation for gut microbiota analysis. Also, Aβ pathology, astrocyte and microglia morphology were further explored. Pre-antibiotic-treated mice successfully allowed engraftment of gut microbiota following 7 consecutive days gavage with aged APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice microbiota. Microbiota reconstitution by transplantation was largely attributable to the donor source (e.g. g_Coriobacteriaceae and g_Clostridium) and led to a significant increase in Aβ plaques. Surprisingly, astrocyte activation around Aβ plaques was suppressed rather than microglia, the well-recognized plaque phagocytic cell type in Aβ clearance, following microbiota engraftment. Our findings provide a novel framework for understanding the mechanisms of AD through the gut-brain axis and the translation of gut microbiota manipulation from bench to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Jianing Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Congcong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou Knowledge City, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510555, China.
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37
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Kaymak T, Hruz P, Niess JH. Immune system and microbiome in the esophagus: implications for understanding inflammatory diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:4758-4772. [PMID: 34213831 PMCID: PMC9542113 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest compartment of the body's immune system exposed to microorganisms, structural components and metabolites, antigens derived from the diet, and pathogens. Most studies have focused on immune responses in the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon, but the esophagus has remained an understudied anatomic immune segment. Here, we discuss the esophagus' anatomical and physiological distinctions that may account for inflammatory esophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Kaymak
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Clarunis - University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis - University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
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Distinct roles of interleukin-17 and T helper 17 cells among autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100104. [PMID: 34179741 PMCID: PMC8188045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-17 and T helper 17 (TH17) cells, a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells which promotes the expression of IL-17, mediate host defensive mechanisms to various infections and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and rheumatic diseases. IL-17 inhibitors have shown to be effective in psoriasis, but failed to demonstrate response in IBD. Further, clinical trials of IL-17 inhibitors reported some cases of new onset IBD. We aim to discuss the roles of IL-17 and TH17 cells among autoimmune diseases and the possible immunological mechanisms of new onset IBD in patients undergoing IL-17 inhibitors. Methods A non-systematic literature review using PubMed/Medline. Results IL-17 inhibitors, which either target IL-17 A (secukinumab and ixekizumab) or the IL-17 receptor (brodalumab), have demonstrated clinical benefits in plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or axial spondyloarthritis. However, secukinumab and brodalumab have shown no clinical benefit in Crohn's disease and led to frequent serious adverse events including worsening of Crohn's disease. Further, some cases of new onset IBD were reported in clinical trials of IL-17 inhibitors. Consistently, an animal model of colitis has demonstrated that IL-17 can directly inhibit the development of T helper 1 (TH1) cells and TH1 cells can induce aggressive colitis in the absence of IL-17 signaling. Conclusions IL-17 and TH17 cells might have protective rather than pro-inflammatory roles in the intestine. IL-17 inhibition may induce inflammation in the intestine by favoring TH1 pathways, which explain the lack of response to IL-17 inhibitors in IBD. IL-17 and TH17 cells play important roles in the pathologies of autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17 have demonstrated clinical benefits. Clinical trials of IL-17 inhibitors reported new onset inflammatory bowel disease. IL-17 can directly inhibit the development of TH1 cells. TH1 cells may induce aggressive colitis in the absence of IL-17 signaling.
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Weschka D, Mousavi S, Biesemeier N, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Survey of Pathogen-Lowering and Immuno-Modulatory Effects Upon Treatment of Campylobacter coli-Infected Secondary Abiotic IL-10 -/- Mice with the Probiotic Formulation Aviguard ®. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061127. [PMID: 34070972 PMCID: PMC8224786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of infections with the zoonotic enteritis pathogen Campylobacter coli is increasing. Probiotic formulations constitute promising antibiotic-independent approaches to reduce intestinal pathogen loads and modulate pathogen-induced immune responses in the infected human host, resulting in acute campylobacteriosis and post-infectious sequelae. Here, we address potential antipathogenic and immuno-modulatory effects of the commercial product Aviguard® during experimental campylobacteriosis. Secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were infected with a C. coli patient isolate on days 0 and 1, followed by oral Aviguard® treatment on days 2, 3 and 4. Until day 6 post-infection, Aviguard® treatment could lower the pathogen burdens within the proximal but not the distal intestinal tract. In contrast, the probiotic bacteria had sufficiently established in the intestines with lower fecal loads of obligate anaerobic species in C. coli-infected as compared to uninfected mice following Aviguard® treatment. Aviguard® application did not result in alleviated clinical signs, histopathological or apoptotic changes in the colon of infected IL-10-/- mice, whereas, however, Aviguard® treatment could dampen pathogen-induced innate and adaptive immune responses in the colon, accompanied by less distinct intestinal proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In conclusion, Aviguard® constitutes a promising probiotic compound to alleviate enteropathogen-induced proinflammatory immune responses during human campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.H.); Tel.: +49-30-450524315 (S.M.); +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H.)
| | | | | | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.H.); Tel.: +49-30-450524315 (S.M.); +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H.)
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Kano T, Suzuki H, Makita Y, Fukao Y, Suzuki Y. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue is the major induction site for nephritogenic IgA in murine IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2021; 100:364-376. [PMID: 33961870 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mucosal immunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, it is unclear whether the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) or gut-associated lymphatic tissue is the major induction site of nephritogenic IgA synthesis. To examine whether exogenous mucosal antigens exacerbate the pathogenesis of IgAN, we assessed the disease phenotypes of IgAN-onset ddY mice housed germ-free. These mice were transferred to a specific pathogen-free environment and divided into three groups: challenged with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide, fecal transplantation, and the untreated control group. The levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA and IgG-IgA immune complexes were measured in the serum and supernatant of cultured cells purified from the NALT, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patch. Although the germ-free IgAN-onset ddY mice did not develop IgAN, they showed aggravation of kidney injury with mesangial IgA deposition after transfer to the specific pathogen-free state. The NALT cells produced more aberrantly glycosylated IgA than those from the mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch, resulting in induction of IgG-IgA immune complexes formation. Additionally, TLR9 enhanced the production of nephritogenic IgA and IgG-IgA immune complexes by nasal-associated lymphoid but not gut-associated lymphatic cells. Furthermore, the germ-free IgAN-onset ddY mice nasally immunized with CpG-oligonucleotide showed aggravation of kidney injury with mesangial IgA deposition, whereas those that received fecal transplants did not develop IgAN. Thus, NALT is the major induction site of the production of aberrantly glycosylated IgA in murine IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kano
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Makita
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukao
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fecal Microbiome and Resistome Profiling of Healthy and Diseased Pakistani Individuals Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030616. [PMID: 33802711 PMCID: PMC8002588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we aimed to characterize the fecal microbiome and its resistomes of healthy and diseased subjects infected with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli using next-generation sequencing (NGS). After initial screening, 26 stools samples belonging to healthy (n = 13) and diseased subjects (n = 13) were selected and subjected to NGS. A total of 23 and 42 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to 6 and 9 classes of antibiotics were identified in the resistomes of healthy and diseased subjects, respectively. Bacteroidetes were found to be the major phylum in both healthy and diseased subjects; however, Proteobacteria was predominantly present in the diseased subjects only. Microbial dysbiosis and predominance of various ARGs in the resistome of diseased subjects reflect the excessive usage of antibiotics in Pakistan and warrants immediate attention to regulate the use of various antimicrobials.
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42
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Woods Acevedo MA, Pfeiffer JK. Microbiota-immune system interactions and enteric virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 46:15-19. [PMID: 32898729 PMCID: PMC7933313 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses are important human pathogens that pose a significant global health problem. These viruses infect the gastrointestinal tract, which contains a community of microbes called the 'microbiota'. We and others have shown that intestinal microbiota are crucial for the replication, pathogenesis, and transmission of a variety of enteric viruses. However, the mechanisms underlying microbiota enhancement of enteric virus infection remain unclear. Interestingly, the host immune system is dependent on both the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Here we review several aspects of how microbiota influence the immune system and how this could potentially impact enteric virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikal A Woods Acevedo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julie K Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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43
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Heimesaat MM, Mousavi S, Weschka D, Bereswill S. Anti-Pathogenic and Immune-Modulatory Effects of Peroral Treatment with Cardamom Essential Oil in Acute Murine Campylobacteriosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010169. [PMID: 33466708 PMCID: PMC7828794 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with enteropathogenic Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) including multi-drug resistant isolates are emerging worldwide. Antibiotics-independent approaches in the combat of campylobacteriosis are therefore highly desirable. Since the health-beneficial including anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious properties of cardamom have been acknowledged for long, we here addressed potential anti-pathogenic and immune-modulatory effects of this natural compound during acute campylobacteriosis. For this purpose, microbiota-depleted IL-10-/- mice were orally infected with C. jejuni strain 81-176 and subjected to cardamom essential oil (EO) via the drinking water starting on day 2 post-infection. Cardamom EO treatment resulted in lower intestinal pathogen loads and improved clinical outcome of mice as early as day 3 post-infection. Furthermore, when compared to mock controls, cardamom EO treated mice displayed less distinct macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory sequelae on day 6 post-infection that were paralleled by lower colonic numbers of macrophages, monocytes, and T cells and diminished pro-inflammatory mediator secretion not only in the intestinal tract, but also in extra-intestinal and, remarkably, systemic organs. In conclusion, our preclinical intervention study provides the first evidence that cardamom EO comprises a promising compound for the combat of acute campylobacteriosis and presumably prevention of post-infectious morbidities.
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Bruellman R, Llorente C. A Perspective Of Intestinal Immune-Microbiome Interactions In Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:307-327. [PMID: 33390852 PMCID: PMC7757023 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the intricacies of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with the host immune system has opened up pathways in the search for the treatment of disease conditions. Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Research has shed light on the breakdown of the protective gut barriers, translocation of gut microbes to the liver and inflammatory immune response to microbes all contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease. This knowledge has opened up avenues for alternative therapies to alleviate alcohol-associated liver disease based on the interaction of the commensal gut microbiome as a key player in the regulation of the immune response. This review describes the relevance of the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and specialized and non-specialized intestinal cells in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. It also reflects how these components are altered during alcohol-associated liver disease and discusses new approaches for potential future therapies in alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bruellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Preclinical Evaluation of Oral Urolithin-A for the Treatment of Acute Campylobacteriosis in Campylobacter jejuni Infected Microbiota-Depleted IL-10 -/- Mice. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010007. [PMID: 33374868 PMCID: PMC7823290 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis represents an infectious enteritis syndrome caused by Campylobacter species, mostly Campylobacter jejuni. Given that C. jejuni infections are rising worldwide and antibiotic treatment is usually not indicated, novel treatment options for campylobacteriosis are needed. Urolithin-A constitutes a metabolite produced by the human gut microbiota from ellagitannins and ellagic acids in berries and nuts which have been known for their health-beneficial including anti-inflammatory effects since centuries. Therefore, we investigated potential pathogen-lowering and immunomodulatory effects following oral application of synthetic urolithin-A during acute campylobacteriosis applying perorally C. jejuni infected, microbiota-depleted IL-10-/- mice as preclinical inflammation model. On day 6 post infection, urolithin-A treated mice harbored slightly lower pathogen loads in their ileum, but not colon as compared to placebo counterparts. Importantly, urolithin-A treatment resulted in an improved clinical outcome and less pronounced macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory sequelae of infection that were paralleled by less pronounced intestinal pro-inflammatory immune responses which could even be observed systemically. In conclusion, this preclinical murine intervention study provides first evidence that oral urolithin-A application is a promising treatment option for acute C. jejuni infection and paves the way for future clinical studies in human campylobacteriosis.
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Singh A, Mahajan R, Kao D, Midha V, Sood A. Long term management of ulcerative colitis with Faecal Microbiota Transplantation. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Duan H, Yu L, Tian F, Zhai Q, Fan L, Chen W. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption and the potential protective strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1427-1452. [PMID: 33198506 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1843396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral antibiotic therapies administered widely to people and animals can cause gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption inevitably. Increasing attention has been directed toward antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, which involves a loss of diversity, changes in the abundances of certain taxa and consequent effects on their metabolic capacity, and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Treatment with beta-lactam, glycopeptide, and macrolide antibiotics is associated with the depletion of beneficial commensal bacteria in the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The gut microbiota is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, the prevalence of which increases sharply after antibiotic ingestion. The intestinal barrier, which comprises secretory, physical, and immunological barriers, is also a target of antibiotics. Antibiotic induced changes in the gut microbiota composition could induce weakening of the gut barrier through changes in mucin, cytokine, and antimicrobial peptide production by intestinal epithelial cells. Reports have indicated that dietary interventions involving prebiotics, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and butyrate supplementation, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation, can alleviate antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier injuries. This review summarizes the characteristics of antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption, as well as the strategies for alleviating this condition. This information is intended to provide a foundation for the exploration of safer, more efficient, and affordable strategies to prevent or relieve antibiotic-induced gut injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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The Host-Specific Intestinal Microbiota Composition Impacts Campylobacter coli Infection in a Clinical Mouse Model of Campylobacteriosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100804. [PMID: 33003421 PMCID: PMC7600086 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Campylobacter-infections are progressively rising globally. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying C. coli–host interactions are incompletely understood. In this study, we surveyed the impact of the host-specific intestinal microbiota composition during peroral C. coli infection applying an established murine campylobacteriosis model. Therefore, microbiota-depleted IL-10−/− mice were subjected to peroral fecal microbiota transplantation from murine versus human donors and infected with C. coli one week later by gavage. Irrespective of the microbiota, C. coli stably colonized the murine gastrointestinal tract until day 21 post-infection. Throughout the survey, C. coli-infected mice with a human intestinal microbiota displayed more frequently fecal blood as their murine counterparts. Intestinal inflammatory sequelae of C. coli-infection could exclusively be observed in mice with a human intestinal microbiota, as indicated by increased colonic numbers of apoptotic epithelial cells and innate as well as adaptive immune cell subsets, which were accompanied by more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes versus mock controls. However, in extra-intestinal, including systemic compartments, pro-inflammatory responses upon pathogen challenge could be assessed in mice with either microbiota. In conclusion, the host-specific intestinal microbiota composition has a profound effect on intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses during C. coli infection.
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Sood A, Singh A, Midha V, Mahajan R, Kao D, Rubin DT, Bernstein CN. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: An Evolving Therapy. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa067. [PMID: 36777748 PMCID: PMC9802301 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently an approved treatment for recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. However, its use in ulcerative colitis is at an early stage and significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms and logistics of its practical application. Methods and results This article aims to look into specific issues which remain unsettled for use of FMT in ulcerative colitis including donor and recipient selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy. We also discuss optimal ways to assess response to FMT and the current state of FMT regulations. In addition, we postulate the impact of diet on the microbiome profile of the donor and recipient. We also suggest a change in the nomenclature from FMT to fecal microbiome transfer. Conclusion FMT is an evolving therapy. There are several considerations for its use in UC but its use and role should be directed by further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ramit Mahajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David T Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Address correspondence to: Charles N. Bernstein, MD, University of Manitoba, 804-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada ()
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Heimesaat MM, Genger C, Biesemeier N, Klove S, Weschka D, Mousavi S, Bereswill S. Inflammatory Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota Changes Following Campylobacter coli Infection of IL-10 -/- Mice with Chronic Colitis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070560. [PMID: 32664563 PMCID: PMC7400060 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infections with the food-borne enteropathogens Campylobacter are progressively rising. Recent evidence revealed that pre-existing intestinal inflammation facilitates enteropathogenic infection subsequently exacerbating the underlying disease. Given that only little is known about C. coli-host interactions and particularly during intestinal inflammation, the aim of the present study was to survey gastrointestinal colonization properties, gut microbiota changes and pro-inflammatory sequelae upon peroral C. coli-infection of IL-10-/- mice with chronic colitis. C. coli colonized the gastrointestinal tract of mice with varying efficiencies until day 28 post-infection and induced macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory changes as indicated by shorter colonic lengths, more distinct histopathological changes in the colonic mucosa and higher numbers of apoptotic colonic epithelial cells when compared to mock-infected controls. Furthermore, not only colonic innate and adaptive immune cell responses, but also enhanced systemic TNF-α secretion could be observed following C. coli as opposed to mock challenge. Notably, C. coli induced intestinal inflammatory sequelae were accompanied with gut microbiota shifts towards higher commensal enterobacterial loads in the infected gut lumen. Moreover, the pathogen translocated from the intestinal tract to extra-intestinal tissue sites in some cases, but never to systemic compartments. Hence, C. coli accelerates inflammatory immune responses in IL-10-/- mice with chronic colitis.
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