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Li JJ, Li L, Su SS, Liao ML, Gong QZ, Liu M, Jiang S, Zhang ZQ, Zhou H, Liu JX. Anti-inflammatory properties and characterization of water extracts obtained from Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun using in vitro and in vivo rat models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11047. [PMID: 38744989 PMCID: PMC11094131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK) is a common remedy exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and has been used in Chinese herbal formulations, such as KangGongYan tablets. It is the main component of KangGongYan tablets, which has been used to treat chronic cervicitis caused by damp heat, red and white bands, cervical erosion, and bleeding. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CK water extract remains unknown. This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of CK in vivo and in vitro, characterized its main components in the serum of rats and verified the anti-inflammatory effects of serum containing CK. Nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release by RAW264.7 cells was examined by ELISA and Griess reagents. Inflammation-related protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was measured by western blotting. Furthermore, rat model of foot swelling induced by λ-carrageenan and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of CK. The components of CK were characterized by LC-MS, and the effects of CK-containing serum on proinflammatory factors levels and the expression of inflammation-related proteins were examined by ELISA, Griess reagents and Western blotting. CK suppressed IL-6, TNF-α, and NO production, and iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that CK inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, P38 and JNK in the MAPK signaling pathway, promoted the expression of IκBα in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and subsequently inhibited the expression of iNOS, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, CK reduced the swelling rates with λ-carrageenan induced foot swelling, and reduced the arthritis score and incidence in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. A total of 68 compounds in CK water extract and 31 components in rat serum after intragastric administration of CK were characterized. Serum pharmacological analysis showed that CK-containing serum suppressed iNOS protein expression and NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 release. CK may be an anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic potential for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, especially inflammatory diseases associated with MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Mei-Lan Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Qiu-Zi Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zai-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gzangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.
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Lee R, Sung HW, Cheong HT, Park J. Protective immune response induced by Leghorn male hepatoma cell-adapted fowl adenovirus-4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25366. [PMID: 38356505 PMCID: PMC10864904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute and lethal hepatitis. It leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Among the structural proteins of FAdV-4, hexon and fiber2 are associated with immunopathogenesis. A frameshift mutation was generated in the fiber2 protein by seral passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. Immunization using the attenuated virus (80 times passaged) before the virulent FAdV-4 challenge protected hosts from the infection and cleared the invading virus. In immunized animals, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were larger during the FAdV-4 challenge. The change in the B cell population was similar. Myeloid cells were highly increased during FAdV-4 infection after the immunization, but the immunization inhibited the expansion in both liver and spleen. The functional gene expression for immune modulation was strongly associated with immune cell changes in the liver, however, this association was not strong in the spleen. The present findings imply that genetic modification by cellular adaptation regulates immune cell phenotype and function in the target organ. In addition, we suggest the attenuated virus as a protective strategy against the novel FAdV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Brady K, Krasnec K, Hanlon C, Long JA. Turkey hen sperm storage tubule transcriptome response to artificial insemination and the presence of semen. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1305168. [PMID: 38260096 PMCID: PMC10801083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1305168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sperm storage within the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) of avian species occurs in specialized structures termed sperm storage tubules (SSTs) and allows for prolonged storage of semen, though the molecular mechanisms involved in semen preservation are not well understood. Little work has been done examining how function of the SSTs is impacted by insemination and by semen present in the SSTs. Methods: Transcriptome analysis was performed on isolated SSTs from turkey hens receiving no insemination (control), sham-insemination, or semen-insemination at three timepoints (D1, D30, and D90 post-insemination). Bioinformatic and functional annotation analyses were performed using CLC Genomics Workbench, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Pairwise comparisons and k-medoids cluster analysis were utilized to decipher differential expression profiles in the treatment groups. Results: The SST transcriptome of the semen inseminated group exhibited the greatest differences within the group, with differences detectable for up to 90 days post insemination, while control and sham-inseminated groups were more similar. In the semen-inseminated samples, upregulation of pathways relating to classical and non-classical reproductive signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, physiological parameters of the local UVJ environment, and cellular metabolism was observed. In the sham-inseminated samples, upregulation of immune pathways and non-reproductive endocrine hormones was observed. Discussion: This work provides insights into the molecular level changes of the SST in response to insemination as well as to the presence of semen. Results from this study may have direct implications on fertility rates as well as potential strategies for avian semen cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Brady
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Katina Krasnec
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Julie A. Long
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Zhu F, Yin ZT, Zhao QS, Sun YX, Jie YC, Smith J, Yang YZ, Burt DW, Hincke M, Zhang ZD, Yuan MD, Kaufman J, Sun CJ, Li JY, Shao LW, Yang N, Hou ZC. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Silkie chicken resolves complete sequences for key chicken metabolic, reproductive, and immunity genes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1233. [PMID: 38057566 PMCID: PMC10700341 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of high-quality pan-genomes would help identify important genes that are still hidden/incomplete in bird reference genomes. In an attempt to address these issues, we have assembled a de novo chromosome-level reference genome of the Silkie (Gallus gallus domesticus), which is an important avian model for unique traits, like fibromelanosis, with unclear genetic foundation. This Silkie genome includes the complete genomic sequences of well-known, but unresolved, evolutionarily, endocrinologically, and immunologically important genes, including leptin, ovocleidin-17, and tumor-necrosis factor-α. The gap-less and manually annotated MHC (major histocompatibility complex) region possesses 38 recently identified genes, with differentially regulated genes recovered in response to pathogen challenges. We also provide whole-genome methylation and genetic variation maps, and resolve a complex genetic region that may contribute to fibromelanosis in these animals. Finally, we experimentally show leptin binding to the identified leptin receptor in chicken, confirming an active leptin ligand-receptor system. The Silkie genome assembly not only provides a rich data resource for avian genome studies, but also lays a foundation for further functional validation of resolved genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang-Sen Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Yu-Ze Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - David W Burt
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, KIH 8M5, Canada
| | - Zi-Ding Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Cong-Jiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wa Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100193, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Jeenkeawpieam J, Tantikositruj C, Kitpipit W, Thiptara A, Kayan A, Unjit K, Sintupachee S, Boonkaewwan C. Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and its associated cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Leghorn chickens. Vet World 2023; 16:1541-1545. [PMID: 37621534 PMCID: PMC10446709 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1541-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Immune cells require toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to respond to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used to assess changes in cytokines released in response to diseases or pathogens. This study aimed to assess TLR4 gene expression in PBMCs from Leghorn chicken and the release of related cytokines. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained from Leghorn chicks. The PBMC cultures were stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (0.01-1 μg/ml). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TLR4 expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found that TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs. In addition, the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in Leghorn chicken PBMCs increased significantly with an increase in LPS concentration (0.01-1 μg/mL) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Although TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs, its expression was significantly higher in LPS-stimulated PBMCs Therefore, the chicken's endotoxin response can be assessed by evaluating the pro-inflammatory cytokine production from PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chananphat Tantikositruj
- Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Kitpipit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Department of Livestock Development, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Autchara Kayan
- Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittichai Unjit
- Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Siriluk Sintupachee
- Program in Creative Innovation in Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80280, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Boonkaewwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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Bertram H, Wilhelmi S, Rajavel A, Boelhauve M, Wittmann M, Ramzan F, Schmitt AO, Gültas M. Comparative Investigation of Coincident Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Ducks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:969. [PMID: 37508399 PMCID: PMC10375970 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza is a severe viral infection that has the potential to cause human pandemics. In particular, chickens are susceptible to many highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in significant losses. In contrast, ducks have been reported to exhibit rapid and effective innate immune responses to most avian influenza virus (AIV) infections. To explore the distinct genetic programs that potentially distinguish the susceptibility/resistance of both species to AIV, the investigation of coincident SNPs (coSNPs) and their differing causal effects on gene functions in both species is important to gain novel insight into the varying immune-related responses of chickens and ducks. By conducting a pairwise genome alignment between these species, we identified coSNPs and their respective effect on AIV-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this study. The examination of these genes (e.g., CD74, RUBCN, and SHTN1 for chickens and ABCA3, MAP2K6, and VIPR2 for ducks) reveals their high relevance to AIV. Further analysis of these genes provides promising effector molecules (such as IκBα, STAT1/STAT3, GSK-3β, or p53) and related key signaling pathways (such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, or Wnt) to elucidate the complex mechanisms of immune responses to AIV infections in both chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bertram
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Selina Wilhelmi
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abirami Rajavel
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Boelhauve
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Margareta Wittmann
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Faisal Ramzan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Armin Otto Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Paxton KL, Cassin-Sackett L, Atkinson CT, Videvall E, Campana MG, Fleischer RC. Gene expression reveals immune response strategies of naïve Hawaiian honeycreepers experimentally infected with introduced avian malaria. J Hered 2023; 114:326-340. [PMID: 36869776 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented rise in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases in the last quarter century poses direct threats to human and wildlife health. The introduction to the Hawaiian archipelago of Plasmodium relictum and the mosquito vector that transmits the parasite has led to dramatic losses in endemic Hawaiian forest bird species. Understanding how mechanisms of disease immunity to avian malaria may evolve is critical as climate change facilitates increased disease transmission to high elevation habitats where malaria transmission has historically been low and the majority of the remaining extant Hawaiian forest bird species now reside. Here, we compare the transcriptomic profiles of highly susceptible Hawai'i 'amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) experimentally infected with P. relictum to those of uninfected control birds from a naïve high elevation population. We examined changes in gene expression profiles at different stages of infection to provide an in-depth characterization of the molecular pathways contributing to survival or mortality in these birds. We show that the timing and magnitude of the innate and adaptive immune response differed substantially between individuals that survived and those that succumbed to infection, and likely contributed to the observed variation in survival. These results lay the foundation for developing gene-based conservation strategies for Hawaiian honeycreepers by identifying candidate genes and cellular pathways involved in the pathogen response that correlate with a bird's ability to recover from malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Paxton
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i Hilo, PO Box 44, Hawai'i National Park, HI 96718, USA
| | - Loren Cassin-Sackett
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Carter T Atkinson
- U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, PO Box 44, Hawai'i National Park, HI 96718, USA
| | - Elin Videvall
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michael G Campana
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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8
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Rodríguez SP, Herrera AL, Parra JE. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the duodenum of broiler chickens exposed to lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Vet World 2023; 16:564-570. [PMID: 37041838 PMCID: PMC10082750 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.564-570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Intestinal infections are associated with Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. When eliminated by treatments during replication, E. coli release lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that can activate the intestinal immune system and increase the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), by the intestinal epithelium under pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis to the duodenal gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in broilers exposed to LPS from E. coli. Materials and Methods RNA was extracted using the Zymo Research total RNA commercial kit, according to the manufacturer's specifications, from the intestinal tissue of the duodenum previously resuspended in the lysis buffer of the kit. The expression of the cytokines of interest was measured using the QuantiNova SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Qiagen). Transcript quantification was performed by the ΔΔC(t) method using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a normalizing constitutive gene. Results For the measurement of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the basal diet and the diet with antibiotic (avilamycin). There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between diets with LPS. The diet with B. subtilis presented the lowest expression; the results differed on each sampling day (days 14, 28, and 42). Conclusion A decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and an increase in IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) was observed; in this way, a balance of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection is achieved, suggesting that the use of B. subtilis as an additive in a broiler diet has a similar effect to that produced with antibiotic growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paola Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Sandra Paola Rodríguez, e-mail: Co-authors: ALH: , JEP:
| | - Albeiro López Herrera
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
| | - Jaime Eduardo Parra
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
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9
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He W, Kamely M, Wakaruk J, Goes EC, Korver DR, Barreda DR. Early-life β-glucan exposure enhances disease resilience of broiler chickens to a natural Clostridium perfringens infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104613. [PMID: 36496011 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease in poultry. Colonization by the opportunistic pathogen C. perfringens occurs early after hatch and induces host immune tolerance, which allows it to persist as part of the bird's commensal microflora. β-glucan, a yeast cell wall component, is well characterized for its immunomodulatory capacity, and is a strong driver of innate immune memory. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of β-glucan to reduce severity of NE, when co-administered with heat-killed C. perfringens via intra-abdominal route at day 1 of age. We found that this early-life exposure in the presence of β-glucan did not reduce intestinal C. perfringens loads or lesion severity during a subsequent NE outbreak. However, it improved ileal morphology, prevented liver and spleen weight decline, and preserved feed efficiency in challenged birds. Molecular analyses revealed metabolic changes consistent with innate immune memory. Together, our results suggest that β-glucan can reduce the negative impacts of NE by influencing the context in which C. perfringens is first encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei He
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammad Kamely
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Wakaruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emanuele C Goes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Screening of Optimal CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide for Anti-Inflammatory Responses in the Avian Macrophage Cell Line HD11. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023002. [PMID: 36756048 PMCID: PMC9884633 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (. CpG-ODNs ) have been shown to possess immunostimulatory features in both mammals and birds. However, compared to their proinflammatory effects, little is known about the anti-inflammatory responses triggered by CpG-ODN in avian cells. Hence, in this study, the anti-inflammatory response in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11 was characterized under stimulation with five types of CpG-ODNs: CpG-A1585, CpG-AD35, CpG-B1555, CpG-BK3, and CpG-C2395. Single-stimulus of CpG-B1555, CpG-BK3, or CpG-C2395 induced interleukin (IL)-10 expression without causing cell injury. The effects of pretreatment with CpG-ODNs before subsequent lipopolysaccharide stimulation were also evaluated. Interestingly, pretreatment with only CpG-C2395 resulted in high expression levels of IL-10 mRNA in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Finally, gene expression analysis of inflammation-related cytokines and receptors revealed that pre-treatment with CpG-C2395 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Toll-like receptor 4. Overall, these results shed light on the anti-inflammatory responses triggered by CpG-C2395 stimulation through a comparative analysis of five types of CpG-ODNs in chicken macrophages. These results also offer insights into the use of CpG-ODNs to suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which may be valuable in the prevention of avian infectious diseases in the poultry industry.
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11
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Lu M, Lee Y, Lillehoj HS. Evolution of developmental and comparative immunology in poultry: The regulators and the regulated. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104525. [PMID: 36058383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian has a unique immune system that evolved in response to environmental pressures in all aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, including localized and circulating lymphocytes, diversity of immunoglobulin repertoire, and various cytokines and chemokines. All of these attributes make birds an indispensable vertebrate model for studying the fundamental immunological concepts and comparative immunology. However, research on the immune system in birds lags far behind that of humans, mice, and other agricultural animal species, and limited immune tools have hindered the adequate application of birds as disease models for mammalian systems. An in-depth understanding of the avian immune system relies on the detailed studies of various regulated and regulatory mediators, such as cell surface antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. Here, we review current knowledge centered on the roles of avian cell surface antigens, cytokines, chemokines, and beyond. Moreover, we provide an update on recent progress in this rapidly developing field of study with respect to the availability of immune reagents that will facilitate the study of regulatory and regulated components of poultry immunity. The new information on avian immunity and available immune tools will benefit avian researchers and evolutionary biologists in conducting fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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12
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Yang Y, Meng Y, Chen L, Dong M, Zhang H, Wu J, Hao X, He S, Tian Y, Gong Z, Shang S. Development of specific monoclonal antibodies for the detection of natural chicken tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12446. [PMID: 36593850 PMCID: PMC9803707 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important proinflammatory cytokine and the only known cytokine that can directly kill tumor cells. Unlike mammalian counterparts, chicken TNF-α (chTNF-α) gene has not been identified until very recently due to its high GC content (∼70%) and long GC fragments. The biological functions of this newly-identified cytokine and its detection methods remain to be further investigated. In this study, the extracellular domain of chTNF-α was cloned into prokaryotic vector after codon optimization and recombinant chTNF-α protein was expressed. Subsequently, using recombinant chTNF-ɑ as immunogen, rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) and eight clones of mouse anti-chTNF-ɑ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced, respectively. Both the pAb and mAbs specifically recognized recombinant chTNF-ɑ expressed in E.coli and transfected COS-7 cells. Further mapping the antigenic region showed that all the mAbs recognized a region of amino acid residues 195-285 of chTNF-ɑ. Furthermore, an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of chTNF-ɑ was established using one mAb and the pAb. This assay showed no cross-reactivity with irrelevant Trx-fused antigens and could detect natural chTNF-ɑ expressed by mitogen-activated chicken splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. Collectively, our results indicated that the mAbs and pAb against chTNF-α are specific and could be used for the study of the biological functions of chTNF-ɑ and the detection of chTNF-ɑ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yining Meng
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maoli Dong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangjiang He
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zaicheng Gong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Corresponding author.
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13
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Optimization of Capture ELISAs for Chicken Cytokines Using Commercially Available Antibodies. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213040. [PMID: 36359163 PMCID: PMC9658146 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines like interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 are important biomarkers for characterizing the nature and strength of immune responses. It is important to be able to quantify the cytokines at the protein level in biological samples. Quantification of chicken cytokines is generally performed on the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) because very few capture ELISAs for the quantification of chicken cytokine proteins are commercially available. Here, we describe the optimization and validation of capture ELISAs for chicken IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ using commercially available antibodies and reagents. First, we determined the optimal concentrations of the antibodies. We then verified the ELISAs’ performance and established that the lower limit of detection (LLOD) for all cytokines was below 32 pg/mL. The ELISAs show the same binding characteristics for recombinant and native cytokines (parallelism was <15.2% CV). Values for inter-assay variation were consistently low and mostly <20% CV. Overall, the optimized capture ELISAs are sensitive (<32 pg/mL) and reliable tools to quantify chicken cytokines. These ELISAs can easily and inexpensively be utilized in any immunological lab and may therefore have wide applicability in immunological research for poultry.
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14
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Malila Y, Thanatsang KV, Sanpinit P, Arayamethakorn S, Soglia F, Zappaterra M, Bordini M, Sirri F, Rungrassamee W, Davoli R, Petracci M. Differential expression patterns of genes associated with metabolisms, muscle growth and repair in Pectoralis major muscles of fast- and medium-growing chickens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275160. [PMID: 36190974 PMCID: PMC9529130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes related to muscle growth, hypoxia and oxidative stress responses, a multi-substrate serine/threonine-protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-related kinases, carbohydrate metabolism, satellite cells activities and fibro- adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in fast-growing (FG) (n = 30) and medium-growing (MG) chickens (n = 30). Pectoralis major muscles were collected at 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d and 42d of age. According to their macroscopic features, the samples from FG up to 21d of age were classified as unaffected, while all samples collected at an older age exhibited macroscopic features ascribable to white striping and/or wooden breast abnormalities. In contrast, MG samples did not show any feature associated to muscle disorders. The absolute transcript abundance of 33 target genes was examined by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The results showed differential gene expression profiles between FG and MG chickens at different ages. While most genes remained unchanged in MG chickens, the expression patterns of several genes in FG were significantly affected by age. Genes encoding alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 2 and gamma 3 isoforms of AMPK, as well as AMPK-related kinases, were identified as differentially expressed between the two strains. The results support the hypothesis of oxidative stress-induced muscle damage with metabolic alterations in FG chickens. An increased expression of ANXA2, DES, LITAF, MMP14, MYF5 and TGFB1 was observed in FG strain. The results suggest the occurrence of dysregulation of FAP proliferation and differentiation occurring during muscle repair. FAPs could play an important role in defining the proliferation of connective tissue (fibrosis) and deposition of intermuscular adipose tissue which represents distinctive traits of muscle abnormalities. Overall, these findings demonstrate that dysregulated molecular processes associated with myopathic lesions in chickens are strongly influenced by growth rate, and, to some extent, by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwares Malila
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pornnicha Sanpinit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sopacha Arayamethakorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Martina Bordini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Wanilada Rungrassamee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
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15
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Li X, Ray GW, Kou S, Liang M, Yang Q, Tan B, Chi S. Glycerol monolaurate (GML), a medium-chain fatty acid derivative, ameliorate growth performance, immune function, disease resistance and intestinal microbiota in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:634-643. [PMID: 35987502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, immunology function, disease resistance and intestinal microbiota for hybrid groupers. Seven levels of GML (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000 and 3600 mg/kg) were added to diets and were noted as the G1 (control group), G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G7, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile groupers for 8 weeks. The FBW, WGR and SGR were significantly higher and FCR was significantly lower in the G4 group compared to the G1 group (P < 0.05). Serum immune enzyme activities (ACP, AKP and LZM) rose and then fell and had the highest values in the G4 group (P < 0.05). The expression of TNF-α and IL6 in head kidney was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05), while the expression of TLR22 was increased (P < 0.05). After the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test, ACP and AKP activities were increased in the G4 and G5 groups, while mortality was lower than in the G1 group (P < 0.05). GML significantly modulated the abundance of intestinal microbiota, with the G4 and G5 groups increasing the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacillus, respectively (P < 0.05). The alpha diversity of the G5 group (Sob, Chao1 and ACE) was significantly higher than that of the G1 group (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimal level of GML was 1700 mg/kg according to the regression equation model fitted by the WGR index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Gyan Watson Ray
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shiyu Kou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Mingning Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
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16
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Therapeutic Versus Preventative Use of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175598. [PMID: 36080365 PMCID: PMC9458100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main bioactive constituents in the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) are the terpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides. EGb 761’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have previously been demonstrated. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and represent a major restriction to its therapeutic utility. The underlying ulcerogenic process involves oxidative and inflammatory biomolecular insults. This study was performed to explore the curative and preventative benefits of EGb 761 in experimentally-induced ulcers. To develop gastric ulcers in mice, indomethacin (40 mg/kg) was administered orally. EGb 761 (200 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days before (preventative) and after (therapeutic) indomethacin administration. The histological alterations and macroscopic mucosal lesions were assessed. In gastric tissue homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the stomach mucosa were also investigated. The ulcer index, histological alterations, gastric oxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were all significantly increased by indomethacin. In stomach specimens, it increased COX-2 and PCNA expression. EGb 761 treatments, both prophylactic and therapeutic, resulted in significant reductions in ulcer lesions, nitrosative and oxidative damage, and inflammatory markers, along with the lowering of COX-2 and PCNA expressions. Furthermore, in the fight against stomach ulcers, EGb 761 treatment was found to be more efficient than prevention.
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17
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Patil AB, Vijay N. Birth and death in terminal complement pathway. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:174-187. [PMID: 35908437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytolytic activity of the membrane attack complex (MAC) is pivotal in the complement-mediated elimination of pathogens. Terminal complement pathway (TCP) genes encode the proteins that form the MAC. Although the TCP genes are well conserved within most vertebrate species, the early evolution of the TCP genes is poorly understood. Based on the comparative genomic analysis of the early evolutionary history of the TCP homologs, we evaluated four possible scenarios that could have given rise to the vertebrate TCP. Currently available genomic data support a scheme of complex sequential protein domain gains that may be responsible for the birth of the vertebrate C6 gene. The subsequent duplication and divergence of this vertebrate C6 gene formed the C7, C8α, C8β, and C9 genes. Compared to the widespread conservation of TCP components within vertebrates, we discovered that C9 has disintegrated in the genomes of galliform birds. Publicly available genome and transcriptome sequencing datasets of chicken from Illumina short read, PacBio long read, and Optical mapping technologies support the validity of the genome assembly at the C9 locus. In this study, we have generated a > 120X coverage whole-genome Chromium 10x linked-read sequencing dataset for the chicken and used it to verify the loss of the C9 gene in the chicken. We find multiple CR1 (chicken repeat 1) element insertions within and near the remnant exons of C9 in several galliform bird genomes. The reconstructed chronology of events shows that the CR1 insertions occurred after C9 gene loss in an early galliform ancestor. Loss of C9 in galliform birds, in contrast to conservation in other vertebrates, may have implications for host-pathogen interactions. Our study of C6 gene birth in an early vertebrate ancestor and C9 gene death in galliform birds provides insights into the evolution of the TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Gupta
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajinkya Bharatraj Patil
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagarjun Vijay
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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18
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Ruml T. The Present and Future of Virology in the Czech Republic-A New Phoenix Made of Ashes? Viruses 2022; 14:v14061303. [PMID: 35746773 PMCID: PMC9231214 DOI: 10.3390/v14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Lu M, Lee Y, Li C, Lillehoj HS. Immunological characterization of chicken tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using new sets of monoclonal antibodies specific for poultry TNF-α. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:104374. [PMID: 35157961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a type II transmembrane protein with either membrane-bound or soluble forms and is a prototypical member of the TNF superfamily. TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with the regulation of systemic inflammation and host defense. Chicken TNF-α (chTNF-α) is a long-missed avian ortholog, and its immunological properties remain largely unknown compared to those of its mammalian counterparts. Here, we report the functional characterization and immunomodulatory properties of chTNF-α using a panel of newly developed anti-chTNF-α mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Using anti-chTNF-α mAbs, we determined the tissue expression of chTNF-α in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. A chTNF-α-specific antigen-capture sandwich ELISA was developed using compatible mAb partners by screening and validation of ten different mAbs. Employing 3G11 and 12G6 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, the levels of native chTNF-α in the circulation of Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria, or dual C. perfringens/Eimeria-infected chickens were determined. Furthermore, intracellular expression of chTNF-α in primary immune cells or cell lines derived from chickens was validated by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry assays using both 3G11 and 12G6 mAbs. Notably, both 3G11 and 12G6 neutralized chTNF-α-induced nitric oxide production in chicken HD11 cells in vitro. Collectively, our results enhance our understanding of the functional characteristics of chTNF-α, and these anti-chTNF-α mAbs will serve as valuable immune reagents to inform on inflammatory responses and disease pathogenesis in the fundamental and applied studies of avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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20
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Rattanasrisomporn J, Tantikositruj C, Thiptara A, Kitpipit W, Wichianrat I, Kayan A, Boonkaewwan C. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Vet World 2022; 15:885-889. [PMID: 35698506 PMCID: PMC9178577 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.885-889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The principal cytokines released by the host on infection include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These cytokines were regarded as regulators of the host’s response to infection. This study aimed to determine the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from six Betong chickens. To isolate PBMCs, density gradient centrifugation was utilized. PBMC culture in RPMI1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum was stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/mL). The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: When the PBMCs were cultured for 24 h with varying doses of LPS, there was no significant variation in cell viability. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured in Betong chicken PBMC. The release of these cytokines increased considerably as LPS concentration (0.01-1 μg/mL) increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In vitro studies of the chicken immune response, notably the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can be conducted using PBMCs obtained from chicken blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Department of Livestock Development, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Kitpipit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand. Food Technology and Innovation Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Ittidet Wichianrat
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Autchara Kayan
- Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Boonkaewwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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21
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Rehan IF, Rehan AF, Abouelnaga AF, Hussein MA, El-Ghareeb WR, Eleiwa NZ, Elnagar A, Batiha GE, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Hafiz AA, Gadallah HE, Abdel-Hamid SE, El-Naby GRH, Benowitz BM, Maky MA. Impact of Dietary Egg Yolk IgY Powder on Behavior, Meat Quality, Physiology, and Intestinal Escherichia coli Colonization of Broiler Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:783094. [PMID: 35425829 PMCID: PMC9004463 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.783094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the impact of different concentrations of purified egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplemental food on the growth performance, behaviors, cecal contents of Escherichia coli, and the meat quality of broiler chicks. Four dietary groups were given to 180 female Ross broiler chicks at random (n = 45 for each). The control group was fed a standard diet only, whereas the other three experimental groups were fed the same basic diet supplemented with 1,500, 3,000, and 4,000 μg/ml IgY for a duration of 42 days. Significant greater behavioral activities, including, feeding, drinking, and dust bathing (p < 0.05), in the birds fed 4,000 μg/ml of IgY compared to the control group were observed. Greater weight gains of the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, and intestine (p < 0.05) were observed for broiler chicks fed 4,000 μg/ml of IgY when compared to the control group. After 3 weeks of feeding, the groups fed 3,000 and 4,000 μg/ml IgY had significant lower E. coli counts in the muscle and cecal contents (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Moreover, dietary supplementation with 4,000 μg/ml IgY in the third week and 3,000 μg/ml IgY in the sixth week resulted in greater weight gain (p < 0.01) when compared to the control group. Also, at week 3, chicks fed 4,000 μg/ml of IgY had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At week 6, chicks fed 3,000 μg/ml of IgY had lower FCR than the control (p < 0.05). The circulating heterophile/lymphocyte ratio was simply altered in birds fed variable IgY concentrations (1,500, 3,000, and 4,000 μg/ml), with no significant differences compared to the control group due to the individual resistance of each bird to physiological stress. The addition of 4,000 μg/ml IgY to the diet enhanced the nutritive value of meat, including protein, fat, and ash content (p < 0.05). Our study concluded that dietary supplementation of 3,000 and/or 4,000 μg/ml IgY improved the growth rates, behavioral activities, intestinal health indices, and meat quality of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F. Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Shibin Alkom, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ibrahim F. Rehan
| | - Ahmed F. Rehan
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Abouelnaga
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hussein
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed R. El-Ghareeb
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesreen Z. Eleiwa
- Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gaber E. Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam E. Gadallah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen El. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed A. Maky
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Mohamed A. Maky
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22
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Burkhardt NB, Elleder D, Schusser B, Krchlíková V, Göbel TW, Härtle S, Kaspers B. The Discovery of Chicken Foxp3 Demands Redefinition of Avian Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1128-1138. [PMID: 35173035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the publication of the first chicken genome sequence, we have encountered genes playing key roles in mammalian immunology, but being seemingly absent in birds. One of those was, until recently, Foxp3, the master transcription factor of regulatory T cells in mammals. Therefore, avian regulatory T cell research is still poorly standardized. In this study we identify a chicken ortholog of Foxp3 We prove sequence homology with known mammalian and sauropsid sequences, but also reveal differences in major domains. Expression profiling shows an association of Foxp3 and CD25 expression levels in CD4+CD25+ peripheral T cells and identifies a CD4-CD25+Foxp3high subset of thymic lymphocytes that likely represents yet undescribed avian regulatory T precursor cells. We conclude that Foxp3 is existent in chickens and that it shares certain functional characteristics with its mammalian ortholog. Nevertheless, pathways for regulatory T cell development and Foxp3 function are likely to differ between mammals and birds. The identification and characterization of chicken Foxp3 will help to define avian regulatory T cells and to analyze their functional properties and thereby advance the field of avian immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B Burkhardt
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Veronika Krchlíková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany;
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23
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Brown C, Zhang J, Pantin-Jackwood M, Dimitrov K, Ferreira HL, Suarez D. In situ cytokine gene expression in early stage of virulent Newcastle disease in chickens. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:75-81. [PMID: 34794360 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211045945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selected lymphoid and reproductive tissues were examined from groups of 3-week-old chickens and 62-week-old hens that were inoculated choanally and conjunctivally with 106 EID50 of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate from the California 2018-2020 outbreak, and euthanized at 1, 2, and 3 days postinfection. In the 3-week-old chickens, immunohistochemistry for NDV and for T and B cell lymphocytes, as well as in situ hybridization for IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α revealed extensive expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues, often coinciding with NDV antigen. IFN-γ was only expressed infrequently in the same lymphoid tissues, and TNF-α was rarely expressed. T-cell populations initially expanded but by day 3 their numbers were below control levels. B cells underwent a similar expansion but remained elevated in some tissues, notably spleen, cecal tonsils, and cloacal bursa. Cytokine expression in the 62-week-old hens was overall lower than in the 3-week-old birds, and there was more prolonged infiltration of both T and B cells in the older birds. The strong pro-inflammatory cytokine response in young chickens is proposed as the reason for more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kiril Dimitrov
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - David Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
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24
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Garcia P, Wang Y, Viallet J, Macek Jilkova Z. The Chicken Embryo Model: A Novel and Relevant Model for Immune-Based Studies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791081. [PMID: 34868080 PMCID: PMC8640176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system is associated with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. To date, the most commonly used models in biomedical research are rodents, and despite the various advantages they offer, their use also raises numerous drawbacks. Recently, another in vivo model, the chicken embryo and its chorioallantoic membrane, has re-emerged for various applications. This model has many benefits compared to other classical models, as it is cost-effective, time-efficient, and easier to use. In this review, we explain how the chicken embryo can be used as a model for immune-based studies, as it gradually develops an embryonic immune system, yet which is functionally similar to humans'. We mainly aim to describe the avian immune system, highlighting the differences and similarities with the human immune system, including the repertoire of lymphoid tissues, immune cells, and other key features. We also describe the general in ovo immune ontogeny. In conclusion, we expect that this review will help future studies better tailor their use of the chicken embryo model for testing specific experimental hypotheses or performing preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Garcia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- R&D Department, Inovotion, La Tronche, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Yan Wang
- R&D Department, Inovotion, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (USA) Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
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25
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Lapshina KV, Guzhova IV, Ekimova IV. Preventive Administration of the Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 Relieves Endotoxemia-Induced Febrile Reaction in Pigeons ( Columba livia ) and Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021; 57:1060-1071. [PMID: 34720177 PMCID: PMC8547305 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The stress-inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) can
exert a protective effect on endotoxemia and sepsis due to its ability
to interact with immune cells and modulate the immune response.
However, it remains unknown whether Hsp70 is able to relieve endotoxemia-induced fever.
We carried out a comparative study of the effects of preventive
administration of the human recombinant Hsp70 (HSPA1A) on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced endotoxemia in pigeons and rats with preimplanted
electrodes and thermistors for recording the thermoregulation parameters (brain
temperature, peripheral vasomotor reaction, muscular contractile
activity). Additionally, we analyzed the dynamics of the white blood
cell (WBC) count in rats under the same conditions. It was found
that preventive administration of Hsp70 relieves the LPS-induced
febrile reaction in pigeons and rats and accelerates the restoration
of the WBC count in rats. The data obtained suggest that these warm-blooded
animals share a common physiological mechanism that underlies the
protective effect of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Lapshina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Ekimova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Abstract
Compared to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of typical mammals, the chicken BF/BL region is small and simple, with most of the genes playing central roles in the adaptive immune response. However, some genes of the chicken MHC are almost certainly involved in innate immunity, such as the complement component C4 and the lectin-like receptor/ligand gene pair BNK and Blec. The poorly expressed classical class I molecule BF1 is known to be recognised by natural killer (NK) cells and, analogous to mammalian immune responses, the classical class I molecules BF1 and BF2, the CD1 homologs and the butyrophilin homologs called BG may be recognised by adaptive immune lymphocytes with semi-invariant receptors in a so-called adaptate manner. Moreover, the TRIM and BG regions next to the chicken MHC, along with the genetically unlinked Y and olfactory/scavenger receptor regions on the same chromosome, have multigene families almost certainly involved in innate and adaptate responses. On this chicken microchromosome, the simplicity of the adaptive immune gene systems contrasts with the complexity of the gene systems potentially involved in innate immunity.
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27
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Bernardi O, Estienne A, Reverchon M, Bigot Y, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines in metabolic and reproductive functions in birds: An overview of current knowns and unknowns. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111370. [PMID: 34171419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an active endocrine organ, which synthesizes and secretes numerous peptides factors called adipokines. In mammals, they exert pleiotropic effects affecting energy metabolism but also fertility. In mammals, secretion of adipokines is altered in adipose tissue dysfunctions and may participate to obesity-associated disorders. Thus, adipokines are promising candidates both for novel pharmacological treatment strategies and as diagnostic tools. As compared to mammals, birds exhibit several unique physiological features, which make them an interesting model for comparative studies on endocrine control of metabolism and adiposity and reproductive functions. Some adipokines such as leptin and visfatin may have different roles in avian species as compared to mammals. In addition, some of them found in mammals such as CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2), resistin, omentin and FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth factor 21) have not yet been mapped to the chicken genome model and among its annotated gene models. This brief review aims to summarize data (structure, metabolic and reproductive roles and molecular mechanisms involved) related to main avian adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin) and we will briefly discuss the adipokines that are still lacking in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Bigot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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28
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Molecular characterization, expression analysis and function identification of Pf_TNF-α and its two receptors Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:176-193. [PMID: 34144067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common manifestation of body immunity and mediates a cascade of cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as a multi-effect cytokine, plays an important role in the inflammatory response by interacting with its receptor (TNFR). In this study, Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 genes were cloned from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and bioinformatics analyses showed that the three genes were conserved and possessed similar sequence characteristics as those of other vertebrates. The qPCR results showed that Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 mRNAs were constitutively expressed in 14 tissues and the lymphocytes of four tissues from healthy adults. The mRNA expression levels of Pf_TNF-α and Pf_TNFR1 genes were significantly up-regulated in the spleen, liver, trunk kidney, head kidney and gill after Edwardsiella ictaluri infection, while the mRNA expression of Pf_TNFR2 was significantly up-regulated in the spleen, and down-regulated in the liver and gill. In the isolated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of yellow catfish, the expression of Pf_TNF-α mRNA was notably up-regulated and the two Pf_TNFR transcripts were distinctly down-regulated after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After stimulated by recombinant (r) Pf_sTNF protein, the mRNA expressions of various inflammatory factors genes were up-regulated in the PBLs. Meanwhile, rPf_sTNF promoted the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, whereas the activity mediated by rPf_sTNF could be inhibited by rPf_TNFR1CRD2/3 and rPf_TNFR2CRD2/3. The up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs expression triggered by rPf_sTNF could be inhibited by MAPK inhibitor (VX-702) and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC). rPf_sTNF induced the expression of FADD mRNA in PBLs and increased the apoptotic rate of PBLs, and inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways could enhance the apoptosis of PBLs. The results indicate that Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 play important roles in the immune response of yellow catfish to bacterial invasion.
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29
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Transcriptome analysis of primary chicken cells infected with infectious bronchitis virus strain K047-12 isolated in Korea. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2291-2298. [PMID: 34089367 PMCID: PMC8178662 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, is highly contagious. Chickens with IBV infection develop acute pathogenesis in multiple organs, including the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Frequent recombination in the spike (S) glycoprotein gene has made vaccine strategies ineffective. To understand IBV pathogenesis, we analyzed the genetic distance between Korean IBV isolates and other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. To obtain comprehensive information about early immune responses such as innate cytokine production and associated immune regulation during IBV infection, we infected primary chicken embryonic kidney cells and performed transcriptome analysis. We observed that the functional pathways of innate immunity are regulated and confirmed expression of genes that coordinate early immune responses. Understanding the immune profile of the host cell may assist in vaccine development.
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30
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Active Human and Murine Tumor Necrosis Factor α Cytokines Produced from Silkworm Baculovirus Expression System. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060517. [PMID: 34199525 PMCID: PMC8230043 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has been employed as a promising reagent in treating autoimmunity and cancer diseases. To meet the substantial requirement of TNFα proteins, we report in this study that mature types of recombinant human and murine TNFα proteins are successfully expressed in the baculovirus expression system using silkworm larvae as hosts. The biological activities of purified products were verified in culture murine L929 cells, showing better performance over a commercial Escherichia coli-derived murine TNFα. By comparing the activity of purified TNFα with or without the tag removal, it is also concluded that the overall activity of purified TNFα cytokines could be further improved by the complete removal of C-terminal fusion tags. Collectively, our current attempt demonstrates an alternative platform for supplying high-quality TNFα products with excellent activities for further pharmaceutical and clinical trials.
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31
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Sun S, Xu Y, Zhu Z, Kong D, Liu H, Zhou Z, Wang L. MicroRNA let-7i-3p affects osteoblast differentiation in ankylosing spondylitis via targeting PDK1. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1209-1219. [PMID: 34048311 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1930680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which let-7i has been studied to involved. But, whether let-7i-3p could regulate osteoblast differentiation in AS remains unclear. This research targeted to decipher the impact of let-7i-3p on AS progression by modulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). The bone mineral density of femur and lumbar vertebra and the maximum loading and bending elastic modulus of tibia, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in serum of AS mice, the pathological condition of synovial tissue were determined via let-7i-3p inhibitor and OE-PDK1 in animal experiment. Also, the cell viability and ALP activity were measured by let-7i-3p inhibitor and OE-PDK1 in cell experiments. let-7i-3p and PDK1 expression were detected. Let-7i-3p raised and PDK1 declined in AS mice. Depleted let-7i-3p and restored PDK1 increased bone mineral density and maximum loading and bending elastic modulus of tibia, reduced TNF-α, MMP-3 and RANKL contents, attenuated the pathological condition of synovial tissue and raised OPG content in AS mice. In cell experiments, up-regulating PDK1 and down-regulating let-7i-3p enhanced cell viability and ALP activity in AS mice. Low expression of let-7i-3p could enhance osteoblast differentiation in AS by up-regulating PDK1.Abbreviations: AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; OPG: osteoprotegerin; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand; miRNAs: MicroRNAs; BMD: bone mineral density; PFA: paraformaldehyde; NC: negative control; OE: overexpression; HE: Hematoxylin-eosin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; EDTA: ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; RT-qPCR: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild type; MUT: mutant type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Dequn Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Hongming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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32
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Prisco F, De Biase D, Piegari G, d'Aquino I, Lama A, Comella F, Mercogliano R, Dipineto L, Papparella S, Paciello O. Pathologic characterization of white striping myopathy in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101150. [PMID: 34049215 PMCID: PMC8167160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
White striping (WS) is an emerging myopathy of broiler chickens characterized by white striation of muscle. Despite the recent advances, the pathomechanism underlying the WS remains elusive. The aim of this study was to characterize morphological and molecular features of WS in broiler chickens. 50 pectoralis muscles were collected from 55 days old ROSS 308 broiler chickens with a mean weight of 3.5 kg. Samples were snap frozen and analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Real-time-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of different cytokines. Histological lesions were observed in all examined animals, both with and without macroscopic evidence of WS. WS muscles showed endomysial and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates of macrophages and cluster of differentiation (CD)8-positive T lymphocytes with severe myofiber atrophy, necrosis, fibrosis and replacement by adipose tissue. There was diffuse sarcoplasmic and sarcolemmal overexpression of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I). The severity of the histologic lesions was positively correlated with the macroscopic degree of white striations. IL-6, IL-17 and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) were overexpressed in severe lesions of WS. The presence of the CD8/MHC I complexes, together with the higher expression of IL-6, IL-17 and LITAF in severe degree of WS, suggest that the immune response may be involved in the progression of this myopathy and can be consistent with a hypoxia-induced inflammatory myopathy. These results help to understand the pathomechanism of WS contributing to the reduction of economic losses and improving poultry welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Ilaria d'Aquino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italia
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italia
| | - Raffaelina Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Food Inspection, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Avian Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italia.
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Delgado-Coello B. Liver regeneration observed across the different classes of vertebrates from an evolutionary perspective. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06449. [PMID: 33748499 PMCID: PMC7970152 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ that performs diverse functions such as metabolic processing of nutrients or disposal of dangerous substances (xenobiotics). Accordingly, it seems to be protected by several mechanisms throughout the life of organisms, one of which is compensatory hyperplasia, also known as liver regeneration. This review is a recapitulation of the scientific reports describing the different ways in which the various classes of vertebrates deal with liver injuries, where since mammals have an improved molecular toolkit, exhibit optimized regeneration of the liver compared to lower vertebrates. The main molecules involved in the compensatory process, such as proinflammatory and inhibitory cytokines, are analyzed across vertebrates with an evolutionary perspective. In addition, the possible significance of this mechanism is discussed in the context of the long life span of vertebrates, especially in the case of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-243, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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34
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Kidd MT. Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:186. [PMID: 33525511 PMCID: PMC7912633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene-NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ivan I. Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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35
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Sharma S, Shinde SS, Teekas L, Vijay N. Evidence for the loss of plasminogen receptor KT gene in chicken. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:507-515. [PMID: 33247773 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The loss of conserved genes has the potential to alter phenotypes drastically. Screening of vertebrate genomes for lineage-specific gene loss events has identified numerous natural knockouts associated with specific phenotypes. We provide evidence for the loss of a multi-exonic plasminogen receptor KT (PLGRKT) protein-encoding gene located on the Z chromosome in chicken. Exons 1 and 2 are entirely missing; remnants of exon 3 and a mostly intact exon 4 are identified in an assembly gap-free region in chicken with conserved synteny across species and verified using transcriptome and genome sequencing. PLGRKT gene disrupting changes are present in representative species from all five galliform families. In contrast to this, the presence of an intact transcriptionally active PLGRKT gene in species such as mallard, swan goose, and Anolis lizard suggests that gene loss occurred in the galliform lineage sometime between 68 and 80 Mya. The presence of galliform specific chicken repeat 1 (CR1) insertion at the erstwhile exon 2 of PLGRKT gene suggests repeat insertion-mediated loss. However, at least nine other independent PLGRKT coding frame disrupting changes in other bird species are supported by genome sequencing and indicate a role for relaxed purifying selection before CR1 insertion. The recurrent loss of a conserved gene with a role in the regulation of macrophage migration, efferocytosis, and blood coagulation is intriguing. Hence, we propose potential candidate genes that might be compensating the function of PLGRKT based on the presence of a C-terminal lysine residue, transmembrane domains, and gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sharma
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Sharad Shinde
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lokdeep Teekas
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagarjun Vijay
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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36
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Greene ES, Emami NK, Dridi S. Research Note: Phytobiotics modulate the expression profile of circulating inflammasome and cyto(chemo)kine in whole blood of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100801. [PMID: 33518325 PMCID: PMC7936152 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a critical concern to the poultry industry as it affects both productivity and well-being. Various managerial and nutritional strategies have been proposed to mitigate the negative effects of HS in chickens, with plant-based additives showing promise. Recently, we reported the positive effect of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance in HS birds. Owing to the antioxidant nature of these compounds, we sought to further explore the effect of PFA on whole blood circulating chemokines, cytokines, and inflammasomes in HS broilers. Broilers (600 males, 1 d) were randomly assigned to 12 environmental chambers, subjected to 2 environmental conditions (12 h cyclic heat stress, HS, 35°C vs. thermoneutral condition [TN], 24°C) and fed 3 diets (control, PFA-C 250 ppm, PFA-C 400 ppm) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. After 21 d of cyclic HS, blood samples were collected for target gene expression analysis. HS upregulated the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and downregulated glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), and there was diet × temperature interaction for SOD2, GPX-1, and GPX-3, where gene expression was increased by PFA-C250 during HS but was unchanged for PFA-C400. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased by HS. Gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) was decreased by HS, without further effect of PFA. HS increased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), but this effect was mitigated by PFA-C400. C-C motif chemokine ligands 4 and 20 (CCL4 and CCL20) showed a similar pattern to TNFα, with PFA-C400 ameliorating the negative effect of HS. The nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was decreased by HS and further lowered by PFA-C400, but the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) and nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat containing X1 (NLRX1) inflammasomes were increased by PFA under TN conditions, with no effects of HS. Heat shock proteins (HSP) and heat shock factors (HSF) were unaffected by PFA or HS. Together these data indicate that gene expression of circulating inflammatory factors are dysregulated during HS, and supplemental dietary PFA may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Nima K Emami
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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37
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Marín I. Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily: Ancestral Functions and Remodeling in Early Vertebrate Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:2074-2092. [PMID: 33210144 PMCID: PMC7674686 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) in early vertebrates is inferred by comparing the TNFSF genes found in humans and nine fishes: three agnathans, two chondrichthyans, three actinopterygians, and the sarcopterygian Latimeria chalumnae. By combining phylogenetic and synteny analyses, the TNFSF sequences detected are classified into five clusters of genes and 24 orthology groups. A model for their evolution since the origin of vertebrates is proposed. Fifteen TNFSF genes emerged from just three progenitors due to the whole-genome duplications (WGDs) that occurred before the agnathan/gnathostome split. Later, gnathostomes not only kept most of the genes emerged in the WGDs but soon added several tandem duplicates. More recently, complex, lineage-specific patterns of duplications and losses occurred in different gnathostome lineages. In agnathan species only seven to eight TNFSF genes are detected, because this lineage soon lost six of the genes emerged in the ancestral WGDs and additional losses in both hagfishes and lampreys later occurred. The orthologs of many of these lost genes are, in mammals, ligands of death-domain-containing TNFSF receptors, indicating that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway became simplified in the agnathan lineage. From the patterns of emergence of these genes, it is deduced that both the regulation of apoptosis and the control of the NF-κB pathway that depends in modern mammals on TNFSF members emerged before the ancestral vertebrate WGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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38
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French CE, Sales MA, Rochell SJ, Rodriguez A, Erf GF. Local and systemic inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in broilers: new insights using a two-window approach. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6593-6605. [PMID: 33248575 PMCID: PMC7705052 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response involves a complex interplay of local tissue activities designed to recruit leukocytes and proteins from the blood to the infected tissue. For egg-type chickens, we established the growing feather (GF) as an accessible tissue test site to monitor tissue responses to injected test-material. For commercial broilers, whose health depends to a large extent on innate immune system functions, the GF test system offers an important novel window to directly assess their natural defenses. This study was conducted to adapt the GF test system for use in broilers, and use it to simultaneously examine local (GF) and systemic (blood) inflammatory responses initiated by GF pulp injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, GF of 12 male and 12 female, 5-week-old broilers were injected with LPS (16 GF/chicken; 1 μg LPS/GF). Blood and GF were collected at 0 (before), 6, and 24 h after GF injection. GF pulp was used to determine leukocyte-infiltration and gene-expression profiles, reactive-oxygen-species generation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Blood was used to determine blood cell profiles and SOD activity. A time effect (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for most aspects examined. In GF, LPS injection resulted in heterophil and monocyte infiltration reaching maximal levels at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Reactive-oxygen-species generation, SOD activity, and mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, and cathelicidin B1 were elevated, whereas those of TNF-α, LITAF, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased after LPS injection. In blood, levels of heterophils and monocytes were elevated at 6 h, lymphocytes and RBC decreased at 6 h, and thrombocytes and SOD activity increased at 24 h. Assessment of LPS-induced activities at the site of inflammation (GF) provided novel and more relevant insights into temporal, qualitative, and quantitative aspects of inflammatory responses than blood. Knowledge generated from this dual-window approach may find direct application in identification of individuals with robust, balanced innate defenses and provide a platform for studying the effects of exogenous treatments (e.g., nutrients, probiotics, immunomodulators, etc.) on inflammatory responses taking place in a complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E French
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Marites A Sales
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Samuel J Rochell
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Angeline Rodriguez
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gisela F Erf
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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39
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Lin W, Zhou L, Liu M, Zhang D, Yan Y, Chang YF, Zhang X, Xie Q, Luo Q. gga-miR-200b-3p Promotes Macrophage Activation and Differentiation via Targeting Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation-Associated in HD11 Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563143. [PMID: 33101281 PMCID: PMC7555432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in various biological processes through regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals, few reports regarding the effects of host miRNAs on macrophage activation and differentiation are available in birds. Here, we reported that gga-miR-200b-3p acts as a positive regulator, enhancing macrophage activation and differentiation using an avian model. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-200b-3p in HD11 cells enhances the amount of MHC-II-positive cells and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and that gga-miR-200b-3p directly targets monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD). The inhibition of MMD by gga-miR-200b-3p enhances the activation and differentiation of HD11 cells and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-200b-3p in macrophage activation and differentiation in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Singha TK, Dagar VK, Gulati P, Kumar S. Kinetic study and optimization of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-α) production in Escherichia coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:267-276. [PMID: 32876507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in immune regulation, homeostatic function, and cellular organization. The present study was undertaken to overproduce recombinant human TNF-α (rhTNF-α) in Escherichia coli (E.coli) in high cell density culture. The use of a codon-optimized gene and strong promoter-based (T7) expression system, choice of Terrific Broth (TB) as medium, and subsequent optimization of culture conditions in shake flasks resulted in production of 0.95 g/L insoluble rhTNF-α comprising upto 50% of total cellular protein (TCP) The protein yield further increased upto 1.26 g/L in 1 L TB medium batch culture in bioreactor with the controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. In a series of chemostats operated at dilution rates of 0.2 h-1, 0.3 h-1, 0.4 h-1 and 0.5 h-1 the specific growth rate (μ) positively correlated with specific yield (Yp/x) and a maximum yield of 164 mg/g DCW was obtained at μ = 0.4 h-1 within 4 h post-induction. A fed-batch cultivation in TB with an exponential feeding profile (μ = ∼0.4 h-1) of concentrated feed resulted in an accumulation of 5.5 g/L of rhTNF-α within 14 h of cultivation which accounted for ∼29% of TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Kumar Dagar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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41
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Yang Y, Dong M, Hao X, Qin A, Shang S. Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek's disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3103-3116. [PMID: 32080753 PMCID: PMC7391395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. Although Marek's disease (MD) is well controlled by current vaccines, the evolution of MDV field viruses towards increasing virulence is concerning as a better vaccine to combat very virulent plus MDV is still lacking. Our understanding of molecular and cellular immunity to MDV and its immunopathogenesis has significantly improved, but those findings about cellular immunity to MDV are largely out-of-date, hampering the development of more effective vaccines against MD. T-cell-mediated cellular immunity was thought to be of paramount importance against MDV. However, MDV also infects macrophages, B cells and T cells, leading to immunosuppression and T-cell lymphoma. Additionally, there is limited information about how uninfected immune cells respond to MDV infection or vaccination, specifically, the mechanisms by which T cells are activated and recognize MDV antigens and how the function and properties of activated T cells correlate with immune protection against MDV or MD tumor. The current review revisits the roles of each immune cell subset and its effector mechanisms in the host immune response to MDV infection or vaccination from the point of view of comparative immunology. We particularly emphasize areas of research requiring further investigation and provide useful information for rational design and development of novel MDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Maoli Dong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Shaobin Shang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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42
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Hofmann T, Schmucker SS, Bessei W, Grashorn M, Stefanski V. Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1138. [PMID: 32635616 PMCID: PMC7401558 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual's allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hofmann
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sonja S. Schmucker
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Werner Bessei
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (W.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Grashorn
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (W.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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43
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Campbell LK, Magor KE. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32477965 PMCID: PMC7236763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial disease in this host. Mallards are often resistant to disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while the same strains can cause severe infection in humans, chickens, and even other species of ducks, resulting in systemic spread of the virus and even death. The differences in influenza detection and antiviral effectors responsible for limiting damage in the mallards are largely unknown. Domestic mallards have an early and robust innate response to infection that seems to limit replication and clear highly pathogenic strains. The regulation and timing of the response to influenza also seems to circumvent damage done by a prolonged or dysregulated immune response. Rapid initiation of innate immune responses depends on viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in tissues where the virus replicates. RIG-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are all important influenza sensors in mammals during infection. Ducks utilize many of the same PRRs to detect influenza, namely RIG-I, TLR7, and TLR3 and their downstream adaptors. Ducks also express many of the same signal transduction proteins including TBK1, TRIF, and TRAF3. Some antiviral effectors expressed downstream of these signaling pathways inhibit influenza replication in ducks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of influenza recognition and response through duck PRRs and their adaptors. We compare basal tissue expression and regulation of these signaling components in birds, to better understand what contributes to influenza resistance in the duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Rehan IF, Youssef M, Abdel-Rahman MAM, Fahmy SG, Ahmed E, Ahmed AS, Maky MA, Diab HM, Shanab O, Alkahtani S, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassan H, Rehan AF, Hussien MA, Eleiwa NZ, Elnagar A, Abdeen A, Hesham AEL. The Impact of Probiotics and Egg Yolk IgY on Behavior and Blood Parameters in a Broiler Immune Stress Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:145. [PMID: 32328501 PMCID: PMC7160245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed additives are used frequently in variable combinations to maximize broiler productivity and consumer safety. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of feed additives used in four different diets: a basal diet, a probiotic (PRO-PAC®) supplement diet, an egg yolk purified immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplemented diet, and a combination of IgY and PRO-PAC® supplement (n = 15 for each group). We assessed the improvement of behavioral and hematological parameters of Ross broilers before and after an immune stress challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Behavioral as well as physiological parameters were analyzed. The standing frequency was the highest (P < 0.05) in broilers supplemented with a combination of probiotics and IgY. Likewise, latency approach score to a novel object improved (P < 0.01) in the combination group at week-3. After intraperitoneal injection of LPS, this combination group achieved the best gait score at week-3, followed by week-5, compared to birds fed the basal diet. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, heterophil differential count, and eosinophil differential count in the basal diet group that was challenged with LPS were significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) compared to the combination groups. Therefore, we concluded that the combination of IgY and probiotics can significantly improve the behavior and the underlying physiological parameters of Ross broilers. Consequently, this combination can improve the broilers′ health, welfare and produce a safe meat free from harmful chemical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Shibin Alkom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Youssef
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mootaz A M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Behavior, Management, and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Sohaila G Fahmy
- Department of Animal Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Eslam Ahmed
- Department of Animal Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Ahmed
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Maky
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Diab
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Obeid Shanab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Rehan
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hussien
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Z Eleiwa
- Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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45
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Del Vesco AP, Kaiser MG, Monson MS, Zhou H, Lamont SJ. Genetic responses of inbred chicken lines illustrate importance of eIF2 family and immune-related genes in resistance to Newcastle disease virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6155. [PMID: 32273535 PMCID: PMC7145804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication depends on the translation machinery of the host cell; therefore, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) gene family is a likely candidate for control of viral replication. We hypothesized that differential expression of host genes related to translation and innate immune response could contribute to differential resistance to NDV in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn lines. The expression of twenty-one genes related to the interferon signaling pathway and the eIF2 family was evaluated at two- and six-days post infection (dpi) in the spleen from both lines, either challenged by NDV or nonchallenged. Higher expression of OASL in NDV challenged versus nonchallenged spleen was observed in Leghorns at 2 dpi. Lower expression of EIF2B5 was found in NDV challenged than nonchallenged Fayoumis and Leghorns at 2 dpi. At 2 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2B5 and EIF2S3 than NDV challenged Leghorns. At 6 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2S3 and EIF2B4 than NDV challenged Leghorns. The genetic line differences in expression of eIF2-related genes may contribute to their differential resistance to NDV and also to understanding the interaction between protein synthesis shut-off and virus control in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Del Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Michael G Kaiser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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46
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Mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN mimicking bacterial DNA via the intrapulmonary route induces systemic antimicrobial immune responses in neonatal chicks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5343. [PMID: 32210244 PMCID: PMC7093454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to antibiotic-free poultry production in the face of pathogenic threats is a very challenging task. We recently demonstrated that mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN alone by the intrapulmonary route (IPL) has potential as an effective alternative to antibiotics in neonatal chicks against Escherichia coli septicemia. How exactly mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN elicits, protective antibacterial immunity remained poorly understood. In this study, CpG-ODN or saline was delivered via the intrapulmonary route to day-old chicks (n = 80/group) using a compressor nebulizer in an acrylic chamber (1 mg/mL CpG-ODN for 15 minutes). In the first part of the study, two days after mucosal CpG-ODN delivery, 40 chicks from each group were challenged subcutaneously with 1 × 105 cfu (n = 20) or 1 × 106 cfu (n = 20) of E. coli and the mortality pattern was monitored for seven days. We found significantly higher survival, better clinical conditions and lower bacterial loads in chicks that received mucosal CpG-ODN. To explore the mechanisms behind this protective immunity, we first looked at the kinetics of the cytokine gene expression (three birds/ group/ time for 10 time-points) in the lungs and spleens. Multiplex gene analysis demonstrated a significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes mRNA in the CpG-ODN group. Interleukin (IL)-1β robustly upregulated many folds in the lung after CpG-ODN delivery. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (LITAF) and IL-18 showed expression for an extended period in the lungs. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was upregulated in both lungs and spleen, whereas IL-4 showed upregulation in the lungs. To investigate the kinetics of immune enrichment in the lungs and spleens, we performed flow cytometry, histology, and immunohistochemistry at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after CpG-ODN delivery. CpG-ODN treated lungs showed a significant enrichment with monocytes/macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Macrophages in CpG-ODN treated group demonstrated mature phenotypes (higher CD40 and MHCII expression). Importantly, mucosal delivery of CpG-ODN via the intrapulmonary route significantly enriched immune compartment in the spleen as well, suggesting a systemic effect in neonatal chicks. Altogether, intrapulmonary delivery of aerosolized CpG-ODN orchestrates protective immunity against E. coli septicemia by not only enhancing mucosal immunity but also the systemic immune responses.
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Cheng Z, Li M, Wang Y, Chai T, Cai Y, Li N. Pathogenicity and Immune Responses of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:143. [PMID: 32219102 PMCID: PMC7078108 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous pathogen in poultry farms, causing aspergillosis in chickens. To study the pathogenicity of A. fumigatus, 14-days-old chickens were infected with fungal conidia (2 × 107 CFU/mL) via thoracic intra-air sacs inoculation. The clinical symptoms, gross and histopathological lesions, and fungal load in the lungs were examined. Additionally, the mRNAs of Toll like receptors (TLR) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by quantitative PCR to explore the immune responses induced by A. fumigatus. The results showed that overt depression, ruffled feathers, and dyspnea were observed in the infected chickens as early as 3 days post infection (dpi). Eleven out of 25 infected chickens died from 5 to 9 dpi, and A. fumigatus could also be reisolated from the infected lung. Histopathological examination revealed obvious airsacculitis and pneumonia, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration (heterophils and macrophages), and granulomatous lesions in the lung. The mRNA expressions of TLR1 and TLR2 were upregulated in the lung and spleen, and most pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, Cxcl-8, TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ were increased in both the lung and spleen during the tested period, suggesting that the innate immune responses were triggered by A. fumigatus infection, and these cytokines participated in the inflammatory responses against A. fumigatus. These results indicate that A. fumigatus infection by thoracic intra-air sacs inoculation can cause severe respiratory damage in chickens, activate TLR1 and TLR2 mediated immune responses, and elicit large expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, Cxcl-8, and IFN-γ. These data will help further understanding of the pathogenesis and immune responses of A. fumigatus infection in the chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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48
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Elleder D, Kaspers B. After TNF-α, still playing hide-and-seek with chicken genes. Poult Sci 2020; 98:4373-4374. [PMID: 31189184 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Neurons and astrocytes of the chicken hypothalamus directly respond to lipopolysaccharide and chicken interleukin-6. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:75-85. [PMID: 31960172 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In 4-5-month-old chicken, intravenous injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a dose-dependent fever response and a pronounced increase of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6). To assess a possible role for IL-6 in the brain of birds, a hypothalamic neuro-glial primary culture from 1-day-old chicken was established. Each well of cultured hypothalamic cells contained some 615 neurons, 1350 astrocytes, and 580 microglial cells on average. Incubation of chicken hypothalamic primary cultures with 10 or 100 µg/ml LPS induced a dose-dependent release of bioactive IL-6 into the supernatant. Populations of hypothalamic neurons (4%) and astrocytes (12%) directly responded to superfusion with buffer containing 10 µg/ml LPS with a transient increase of intracellular calcium, a sign of direct cellular activation. Stimulation of hypothalamic cultures with buffer containing 50 ng/ml chicken IL-6 induced calcium signaling in 11% of neurons and 22% of astrocytes investigated. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is produced in the periphery and in the hypothalamus in response to LPS in chicken. The observed cellular responses of hypothalamic cells to chicken IL-6 indicate that this cytokine may readily be involved in the manifestation of fever in the avian hypothalamus.
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50
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Salandari S, Shomali T, Mosleh N, Nazifi S. A comparative study on anti-inflammatory drug combinations in domestic pigeons with experimentally induced acute arthritis. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:588-601. [PMID: 31842592 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study compares the effect of one-time administration of nonsteroidal and/or steroidal anti-inflammatory combinations by topical or intramuscular (IM) routes to pigeons with monosodium urate (MSU)-induced arthritis. Forty-five adult domestic pigeons were assigned into nine equal groups: NC, negative control; PC, positive control with arthritis; sham, sham control; T1, meloxicam + hydrocortisone; T2, dexamethasone + piroxicam; T3, meloxicam + dexamethasone; T4, hydrocortisone + piroxicam; T5, dexamethasone + hydrocortisone; T6, meloxicam + piroxicam. Arthritis was also induced in T1 to T6 birds. Meloxicam and dexamethasone were administered by IM injection and the other drugs topically right after the induction of arthritis. Different drug combinations significantly decreased one-leg standing time. Induction of arthritis significantly increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in synovial fluid and serum corticosterone and epinephrine in the PC group. Administration of drugs to birds of Groups T1 and T5 did not significantly change corticosterone concentration, while all different drug combinations decreased epinephrine level. Drug combinations that demonstrated better analgesic effect more strongly reduced serum epinephrine concentration. Meloxicam + hydrocortisone was the most effective combination in reducing inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, one-time combination therapy with anti-inflammatory agents was effective in the acute management of inflammatory pain due to MSU-induced arthritis in pigeons, even by the topical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Salandari
- 1Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences and School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- 1Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences and School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Mosleh
- 2Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- 2Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran
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