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Kumar R, Kamboj H, Dhanda S, Verma A, Chander Y, Nehra K, Bhati A, Dedar RK, Sharma DK, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Sharma S, Kumar N. Identification of miR-29a as a novel biomarker for lumpy skin disease virus exposure in cattle. Virulence 2024; 15:2324711. [PMID: 38527940 PMCID: PMC10965105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2324711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-29a antagonizes IFN-γ production at early times post-LSDV infection in cattle. miR-29a was predicted to target upstream IFN-γ regulators, and its inhibition resulted in enhanced IFN-γ production in sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further, stimulation of PBMCs with LSDV antigen exhibited lower levels of miR-29a, concomitant with a potent cell-mediated immune response (CMI), characterized by an increase in LSDV-specific CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ, which eventually facilitated virus clearance. In addition, a few immunocompromised cattle (developed secondary LSDV infection at ~ 6 months) that failed to mount a potent cell-mediated immune response, were shown to maintain higher miR-29a levels. Furthermore, as compared to the sensitized crossbred cattle, PBMCs from sensitized Rathi (a native Indian breed) animals exhibited lower levels of miR-29a along with an increase in CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ. Finally, we analysed that a ≥ 60% decrease in miR-29a expression levels in the PBMCs of sensitized cattle correlated with a potent CMI response. In conclusion, miR-29a expression is involved in antagonizing the IFN-γ response in LSDV-infected cattle and may serve as a novel biomarker for the acute phase of LSDV infection, as well as predicting the functionality of T cells in sensitized cattle. In addition, Rathi cattle mount a more potent CMI response against LSDV than crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Himanshu Kamboj
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shweta Dhanda
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Kuldeep Nehra
- Livestock Research Station, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Nohar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
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Kafle S, Montoya B, Tang L, Tam YK, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Sigal LJ. The roles of CD4 + T cell help, sex, and dose in the induction of protective CD8 + T cells against a lethal poxvirus by mRNA-LNP vaccines. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102279. [PMID: 39188304 PMCID: PMC11345529 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The role of CD4+ T cells in the induction of protective CD8+ T cells by mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines is unknown. We used B6 or Tlr9 -/- mice depleted or not of CD4+ T cells and LNP vaccines loaded with mRNAs encoding the ectromelia virus (ECTV) MHC class I H-2 Kb-restricted immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope TSYKFESV (TSYKFESV mRNA-LNPs) or the ECTV EVM158 protein, which contains TSYKFESV (EVM-158 mRNA-LNPs). Following prime and boost with 10 μg of either vaccine, Kb-TSYKFESV-specific CD8+ T cells fully protected male and female mice from ECTV at 29 (both mRNA-LNPs) or 90 days (EVM158 mRNA-LNPs) post boost (dpb) independently of CD4+ T cells. However, at 29 dpb with 1 μg mRNA-LNPs, males had lower frequencies of Kb-TSYKFESV-specific CD8+ T cells and were much less well protected than females from ECTV, also independently of CD4+ T cells. At 90 dpb with 1 μg EVM158 mRNA-LNPs, the frequencies of Kb-TSYKFESV-specific CD8+ T cells in males and females were similar, and both were similarly partially protected from ECTV, independently of CD4+ T cells. Therefore, at optimal or suboptimal doses of mRNA-LNP vaccines, CD4+ T cell help is unnecessary to induce protective anti-poxvirus CD8+ T cells specific to a dominant epitope. At suboptimal doses, protection of males requires more time to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samita Kafle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ying K. Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. STAT4 and STAT6, their role in cellular and humoral immunity and in diverse human diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39188021 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2395274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 and STAT6 play a crucial role in immune cells by transducing signals from specific cytokine receptors, and inducing transcription of genes involved in cell-mediated and humoral immunity. These two different defense mechanisms against pathogens are regulated by two specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells known as Th1 and Th2 cells. Many studies have shown that several diseases including cancer, inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases are associated with a Th1/Th2 imbalance caused by increased or decreased expression/activity of STAT4 or STAT6 often due to genetic and epigenetic aberrances. An altered expression of STAT4 has been observed in different tumors and autoimmune diseases, while a dysregulation of STAT6 signaling pathway is frequently observed in allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, and tumors such as Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Recently, dysregulations of STAT4 and STAT6 expression have been observed in SARS-CoV2 and monkeypox infections, which are still public health emergencies in many countries. SARS-CoV-2 can induce an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 responses with a predominant activation of STAT6 in the cytosol and nuclei of pneumocytes that drives Th2 polarization and cytokine storm. In monkeypox infection the virus can promote an immune evasion by inducing a Th2 response that in turn inhibits the Th1 response essential for virus elimination. Furthermore, genetic variations of STAT4 that are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus seem to play a role in defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, A.O.U.P. Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, A.O.U.P. Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, Chevrier L, Lefebvre M, Radenne A, Roelens M, Parfait B, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Gruel N, Courbebaisse M, Appay V, Paul S, Gorochov G, Ropers J, Lebbah S, Lelievre JD, Johannes L, Ulmer J, Lebeaux D, Friedlander G, De Lamballerie X, Ravel P, Kieny MP, Batteux F, Durier C, Launay O, Tartour E. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4 +T cells predicts humoral and CD8 +T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience 2024; 27:110441. [PMID: 39104410 PMCID: PMC11298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4+T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8+T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8+T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration. Its applicability extends to murine vaccination models, encompassing diverse immunization routes (such as intranasal) and vaccine platforms (including adjuvanted proteins). Notably, we found correlation between CD4+T lymphocyte-produced IL-21 and the humoral response. Consequently, we propose a test that offers a rapid overview of integrated immune responses. This approach holds particular relevance for scenarios involving immunocompromised patients because they often have low cell counts (lymphopenia) or pandemics. This study also underscores the pivotal role of CD4+T cells during a vaccine response and highlights their value in vaccine immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Besbes
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Gadouas
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM SC10-US019, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevrier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Radenne
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine in Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, CIC 1408 INSERM Vaccinology, Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Université Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint Louis/Lariboisère APHP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Department of « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Paule Kieny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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5
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Chang LA, Schotsaert M. Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:224-243. [PMID: 38289826 PMCID: PMC11288382 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a critical type of immune cell and central players in type 2 immunity. Existing literature suggests that eosinophils also can play a role in host antiviral responses, typically type 1 immune events, against multiple respiratory viruses, both directly through release of antiviral mediators and indirectly through activation of other effector cell types. One way to prime host immune responses toward effective antiviral responses is through vaccination, where typically a type 1-skewed immunity is desirable in the context of intracellular pathogens like respiratory viruses. In the realm of breakthrough respiratory viral infection in vaccinated hosts, an event in which virus can still establish productive infection despite preexisting immunity, eosinophils are most prominently known for their link to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease upon natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. This was observed in a pediatric cohort during the 1960s following vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. More recent research has unveiled additional roles of the eosinophil in respiratory viral infection and breakthrough infection. The specific contribution of eosinophils to the quality of vaccine responses, vaccine efficacy, and antiviral responses to infection in vaccinated hosts remains largely unexplored, especially regarding their potential roles in protection. On the basis of current findings, we will speculate upon the suggested function of eosinophils and consider the many potential ways by which eosinophils may exert protective and pathological effects in breakthrough infections. We will also discuss how to balance vaccine efficacy with eosinophil-related risks, as well as the use of eosinophils and their products as potential biomarkers of vaccine efficacy or adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Chang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
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6
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Nziza N, Jung W, Mendu M, Chen T, Julg B, Graham B, Ramilo O, Mejias A, Alter G. Longitudinal humoral analysis in RSV-infected infants identifies pre-existing RSV strain-specific G and evolving cross-reactive F antibodies. Immunity 2024; 57:1681-1695.e4. [PMID: 38876099 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants. However, the mechanisms of immune control in infants remain incompletely understood. Antibody profiling against attachment (G) and fusion (F) proteins in children less than 2 years of age, with mild (outpatients) or severe (inpatients) RSV disease, indicated substantial age-dependent differences in RSV-specific immunity. Maternal antibodies were detectable for the first 3 months of life, followed by a long window of immune vulnerability between 3 and 6 months and a rapid evolution of FcγR-recruiting immunity after 6 months of age. Acutely ill hospitalized children exhibited lower G-specific antibodies compared with healthy controls. With disease resolution, RSV-infected infants generated broad functional RSV strain-specific G-responses and evolved cross-reactive F-responses, with minimal maternal imprinting. These data suggest an age-independent RSV G-specific functional humoral correlate of protection, and the evolution of RSV F-specific functional immunity with disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Nziza
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wonyeong Jung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maanasa Mendu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tina Chen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barney Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Gambadauro A, Galletta F, Li Pomi A, Manti S, Piedimonte G. Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6178. [PMID: 38892370 PMCID: PMC11172738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild to severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the last decades. We reviewed the human innate and adaptive immune responses in the airways following infection, focusing on a particular population: newborns and pregnant women. The recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest in viral pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, we must increase our knowledge of infection mechanisms to improve our future defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Francesca Galletta
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Office for Research and Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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Sun L, Zhao F, Xiang Y, Chen S, Shu Q. Association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and prognosis in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1259112. [PMID: 38887296 PMCID: PMC11180804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1259112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The rate and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with solid cancer tumors actively treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not been fully determined. The goal of this meta-analysis was to explore this issue, which can be helpful to clinicians in their decision-making concerning patient treatment. We conducted a thorough search for relevant cohort studies in the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Mortality and infection rate were the primary endpoints, and the incidence of severe or critical disease was the secondary result. A total of 6,267 cases (individual patients) were represented in 15 studies. Prior exposure to ICIs was not correlated with an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (relative risk (RR) 1.04, 95% CI 0.57-1.88, z = 0.12, P = 0.905) or mortality (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.99-1.50, z = 1.90, P = 0.057). However, the results of the meta-analysis revealed that taking ICIs before SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis increased the chance of developing severe or critical disease (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.10, z = 2.46, P = 0.014). No significant inter-study heterogeneity was observed. The infection and mortality rates of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with solid tumors who previously received ICIs or other antitumor therapies did not differ significantly. However, secondary outcomes showed that ICIs treatment before the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with the probability of severe or critical illness. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023393511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangmin Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuying Xiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qijin Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Delmonte OM, Oguz C, Dobbs K, Myint-Hpu K, Palterer B, Abers MS, Draper D, Truong M, Kaplan IM, Gittelman RM, Zhang Y, Rosen LB, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Burbelo PD, Imberti L, Sottini A, Quiros-Roldan E, Castelli F, Rossi C, Brugnoni D, Biondi A, Bettini LR, D'Angio M, Bonfanti P, Anderson MV, Saracino A, Chironna M, Di Stefano M, Fiore JR, Santantonio T, Castagnoli R, Marseglia GL, Magliocco M, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Shaw E, Matthews H, Weber SE, Xirasagar S, Barnett J, Oler AJ, Dimitrova D, Bergerson JRE, McDermott DH, Rao VK, Murphy PM, Holland SM, Lisco A, Su HC, Lionakis MS, Cohen JI, Freeman AF, Snyder TM, Lack J, Notarangelo LD. Perturbations of the T-cell receptor repertoire in response to SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1655-1667. [PMID: 38154666 PMCID: PMC11162338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional T-cell responses are essential for virus clearance and long-term protection after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas certain clinical factors, such as older age and immunocompromise, are associated with worse outcome. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the breadth and magnitude of T-cell responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) who had received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. METHODS Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools to characterize the T-cell receptor β repertoire signatures in 540 individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31 IEI recipients of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, and healthy controls, we quantified HLA class I- and class II-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specific responses and also identified several HLA allele-clonotype motif associations in patients with COVID-19, including a subcohort of anti-type 1 interferon (IFN-1)-positive patients. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that elderly patients with COVID-19 with critical disease manifested lower SARS-CoV-2 T-cell clonotype diversity as well as T-cell responses with reduced magnitude, whereas the SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes targeted a broad range of HLA class I- and class II-restricted epitopes across the viral proteome. The presence of anti-IFN-I antibodies was associated with certain HLA alleles. Finally, COVID-19 mRNA immunization induced an increase in the breadth of SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes in patients with IEIs, including those who had failed to seroconvert. CONCLUSIONS Elderly individuals have impaired capacity to develop broad and sustained T-cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genetic factors may play a role in the production of anti-IFN-1 antibodies. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are effective in inducing T-cell responses in patients with IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Cihan Oguz
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Katherine Myint-Hpu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Deborah Draper
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md; The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camillo Rossi
- Direzione Sanitaria, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Duilio Brugnoni
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico-Cliniche, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Mariella D'Angio
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Megan V Anderson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Hygiene Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Di Stefano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jose Ramon Fiore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Santantonio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Helen Matthews
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah E Weber
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sandhya Xirasagar
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jason Barnett
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrew J Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dimana Dimitrova
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jenna R E Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - David H McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | - Justin Lack
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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10
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Langedijk JPM, Cox F, Johnson NV, van Overveld D, Le L, van den Hoogen W, Voorzaat R, Zahn R, van der Fits L, Juraszek J, McLellan JS, Bakkers MJG. Universal paramyxovirus vaccine design by stabilizing regions involved in structural transformation of the fusion protein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4629. [PMID: 38821950 PMCID: PMC11143371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family encompasses medically significant RNA viruses, including human respiroviruses 1 and 3 (RV1, RV3), and zoonotic pathogens like Nipah virus (NiV). RV3, previously known as parainfluenza type 3, for which no vaccines or antivirals have been approved, causes respiratory tract infections in vulnerable populations. The RV3 fusion (F) protein is inherently metastable and will likely require prefusion (preF) stabilization for vaccine effectiveness. Here we used structure-based design to stabilize regions involved in structural transformation to generate a preF protein vaccine antigen with high expression and stability, and which, by stabilizing the coiled-coil stem region, does not require a heterologous trimerization domain. The preF candidate induces strong neutralizing antibody responses in both female naïve and pre-exposed mice and provides protection in a cotton rat challenge model (female). Despite the evolutionary distance of paramyxovirus F proteins, their structural transformation and local regions of instability are conserved, which allows successful transfer of stabilizing substitutions to the distant preF proteins of RV1 and NiV. This work presents a successful vaccine antigen design for RV3 and provides a toolbox for future paramyxovirus vaccine design and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Lam Le
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark J G Bakkers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Mooslechner AA, Schuller M, Pfeifer V, Klötzer KA, Prietl B, Kirsch AH, Stiegler P, Sucher R, Sourij H, Rosenkranz AR, Eller K. Pre-Transplant Frequencies of FoxP3 +CD25 + in CD3 +CD8 + T Cells as Potential Predictors for CMV in CMV-Intermediate Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12963. [PMID: 38868358 PMCID: PMC11167633 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection detrimentally influences graft survival in kidney transplant recipients, with the risk primarily determined by recipient and donor serostatus. However, recipient CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in CMV control. The optimal preventive strategy (prophylaxis vs. pre-emptive treatment), particularly for seropositive (intermediate risk) recipients, remains uncertain. We investigated CD8+ T cell subpopulation dynamics and CMV occurrence (DNAemia ≥ 100 IU/mL) in 65 kidney transplant recipients, collecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells before (T1) and 1 year after transplantation (T2). Comparing the two timepoints, we found an increase in granulocyte, monocyte and CD3+CD8+ T cells numbers, while FoxP3+CD25+, LAG-3+ and PD-1+ frequencies were reduced at T2. CMV DNAemia occurred in 33 recipients (55.8%) during the first year. Intermediate risk patients were disproportionally affected by posttransplant CMV (N = 29/45, 64.4%). Intermediate risk recipients developing CMV after transplantation exhibited lower leukocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte counts and higher FoxP3+CD25+ frequencies in CD3+CD8+ T cells pre-transplantation compared to patients staying CMV negative. Pre-transplant FoxP3+CD25+ in CD3+CD8+ T cells had the best discriminatory potential for CMV infection prediction within the first year after transplantation (AUC: 0.746). The FoxP3+CD25+ CD3+CD8+ T cell subset may aid in selecting intermediate risk kidney transplant recipients for CMV prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes A. Mooslechner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Max Schuller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantin A. Klötzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H. Kirsch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Sucher
- Division of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Zhuang Z, Zhuo J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu A, Zhao J, Zhao J. Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:478. [PMID: 38793729 PMCID: PMC11125924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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13
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Hao Q, Kundu S, Shetty S, Tang H. Runx3 Regulates CD8 + T Cell Local Expansion and CD43 Glycosylation in Mice by H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4220. [PMID: 38673806 PMCID: PMC11050410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that transcription factor Runx3 is required for pulmonary generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that play a crucial role in the clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). To understand the underlying mechanisms, we determined the effects of Runx3 knockout (KO) on CD8+ T cell local expansion and phenotypes using an inducible general Runx3 KO mouse model. We found that in contrast to the lungs, Runx3 general KO promoted enlargement of lung-draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell expansion during H1N1 IAV infection. We further found that Runx3 deficiency greatly inhibited core 2 O-glycosylation of selectin ligand CD43 on activated CD8+ T cells but minimally affected the cell surface expression of CD43, activation markers (CD44 and CD69) and cell adhesion molecules (CD11a and CD54). Runx3 KO had a minor effect on lung effector CD8+ T cell death by IAV infection. Our findings indicate that Runx3 differently regulates CD8+ T cell expansion in mLNs and lungs by H1N1 IAV infection. Runx3 is required for CD43 core 2 O-glycosylation on activated CD8+ T cells, and the involved Runx3 signal pathway may mediate CD8+ T cell phenotype for pulmonary generation of CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA; (Q.H.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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14
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Wang Z, Cuthbertson LF, Thomas C, Sallah HJ, Mosscrop LG, Li H, Talts T, Kumar K, Moffatt MF, Tregoning JS. IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:272-287. [PMID: 38382577 PMCID: PMC11009121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. Patients with respiratory infections often lose weight. While acute weight loss is speculated to be a tolerance mechanism to limit pathogen growth, severe weight loss following infection can cause quality of life deterioration. Despite the clinical relevance of respiratory infection-induced weight loss, its mechanism is not yet completely understood. We utilized a model of CD 8+ T cell-driven weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to dissect the immune regulation of post-infection weight loss. Supporting previous data, bulk RNA sequencing indicated significant enrichment of the interleukin (IL)-1 signaling pathway after RSV infection. Despite increased viral load, infection-associated weight loss was significantly reduced after IL-1α (but not IL-1β) blockade. IL-1α depletion resulted in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes observed following RSV infection. Direct nasal instillation of IL-1α also caused weight loss. Of note, we detected IL-1α in the brain after either infection or nasal delivery. This was associated with changes in genes controlling appetite after RSV infection and corresponding changes in signaling molecules such as leptin and growth/differentiation factor 15. Together, these findings indicate a lung-brain-gut signaling axis for IL-1α in regulating weight loss after RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Chubicka Thomas
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Hadijatou J Sallah
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Lucy G Mosscrop
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tiina Talts
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health Microbiology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Kartik Kumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK.
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15
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Kundura L, Cezar R, Ballongue E, André S, Michel M, Mettling C, Lozano C, Vincent T, Muller L, Lefrant JY, Roger C, Claret PG, Duvnjak S, Loubet P, Sotto A, Tran TA, Estaquier J, Corbeau P. Low Percentage of Perforin-Expressing NK Cells during Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consumption Rather than Primary Deficiency. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1105-1112. [PMID: 38345346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Genetic defects in the ability to deliver effective perforin have been reported in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. We tested the hypothesis that a primary perforin deficiency might also be causal in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recruited 54 volunteers confirmed as being SARS-CoV-2-infected by RT-PCR and admitted to intensive care units or non-intensive care units and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, the percentage of perforin-expressing CD3-CD56+ NK cells quantified by flow cytometry was low in COVID-19 patients (69.9 ± 17.7 versus 78.6 ± 14.6%, p = 0.026). There was no correlation between the proportions of perforin-positive NK cells and T8 lymphocytes. Moreover, the frequency of NK cells producing perforin was neither linked to disease severity nor predictive of death. Although IL-6 is known to downregulate perforin production in NK cells, we did not find any link between perforin expression and IL-6 plasma level. However, we unveiled a negative correlation between the degranulation marker CD107a and perforin expression in NK cells (r = -0.488, p = 10-4). PRF1 gene expression and the frequency of NK cells harboring perforin were normal in patients 1 y after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. A primary perforin defect does not seem to be a driver of COVID-19 because NK perforin expression is 1) linked neither to T8 perforin expression nor to disease severity, 2) inversely correlated with NK degranulation, and 3) normalized at distance from acute infection. Thus, the cause of low frequency of perforin-positive NK cells appears, rather, to be consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kundura
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Emma Ballongue
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia André
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Moïse Michel
- Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Lozano
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Vincent
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Lefrant
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Pierre-Géraud Claret
- Medical and Surgical Emergency Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Sandra Duvnjak
- Gerontology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- *Infectious Diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- *Infectious Diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Pediatrics Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laval University Research Center; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
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16
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Chen F, Zhang M, Yang F, Wang L, Liu J, Liu J, Pang Y. Dual-Antigen-Displaying Nanovaccines Elicit Synergistic Immunoactivation for Treating Cancer and Preventing Infectious Complications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307748. [PMID: 38037689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common complications, infection causes the majority of mortality in cancer patients. However, therapeutic strategies that can simultaneously suppress tumors and protect patients from infection have been rarely reported. Here, the use of dual-antigen-displaying nanovaccines (DADNs) is described to elicit synergistic immunoactivation for treating cancer and preventing infectious complications. DADNs are prepared by wrapping immunoadjuvant-loaded nanoparticles with a hybrid coating, which is fused from cell membranes that are separately genetically engineered to express tumor and infectious pathogenic antigens. Due to the presence of a dual-antigen combination, DADNs are able to promote the maturation of dendritic cells and more importantly to trigger cross-presentation of both combined antigens. During in vivo investigations, we find that DADNs can reverse immunosuppression by stimulating tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell responses, resulting in significantly delayed tumor growth in mice. These nanovaccines also elicit effective protective immunity against tumor challenges and induce robust production of pathogenic antigen-specific immunoglobulin G antibody in a prophylactic study. This work offers a unique approach to develop dual-mode vaccines, which are promising for synchronously treating cancer and preventing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fengmin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
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17
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Zha G, Chen Z, Wu N, Huang T, Deng Z, Cai D, Peng M, Hu P, Ren H. Clinical characteristics and immunogenicity after Omicron breakthrough infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A longitudinal observational study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29548. [PMID: 38511555 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The clinical and immunological features after breakthrough infection (BTI) during Omicron wave in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) are still unclear. A total of 101 patients with CHB from our previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination cohort (NCT05007665), were continued to be followed up at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University after BTI, while an additional 39 healthcare workers after BTI were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). Clinical data were collected using questionnaire survey and electronic medical record. Blood samples were used to determine the antibody responses, as well as B and T cell responses. After BTI, the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were mild to moderate in patients with CHB, with a median duration of 5 days. Compared with HCs, patients with CHB were more susceptible to develop moderate COVID-19. The liver function was not significantly damaged, and HBV-DNA was not activated in patients with CHB after BTI. Patients with CHB could elicit robust antibody responses after BTI (NAbs 13.0-fold, BA.5 IgG: 24.2-fold, respectively), which was also significantly higher than that in every period after vaccination (all p < 0.001), and compared to that in HCs after BTI. The CD4+, cTfh, and CD8+ T cell responses were also augmented in patients with CHB after BTI, while exhibiting comparability to those observed in HCs. In patients with CHB after BTI, the immune imprint was observed in B cell responses, rather than in T cell responses. In conclusion, Omicron breakthrough infection induced mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms in patients with CHB, without exacerbating the progress of liver diseases. Meanwhile, BTI demonstrated the ability to induce robust antibody and T cell responses in patients with CHB, which was comparable to those observed in HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Zhan H, Xie Y, Liu Y, Cheng L, Xu Y, Qu X, Li C, Guo X, Li H, Wang Y, Dai E, Wang L, Gao H, Li Y. Omicron BA.4/5 neutralization and cell-mediated immune responses in relation to baseline immune status and breakthrough infection among PLWH: A follow-up cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29446. [PMID: 38345110 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on hybrid immunity (vaccination plus breakthrough infection [BI]), especially cell-mediated responses to Omicron among immunosuppressed patients. We aim to investigate humoral and cellular responses to Omicron BA.4/5 among people living with HIV (PLWH) with/without BIs, the most prevalent variant of concern after the reopening of China. Based on our previous study, we enrolled 77 PLWH with baseline immune status of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 specific antibodies after inactivated vaccination. "Correlates of protection," including serological immunoassays, T cell phenotypes and memory B cells (MBC) were determined in PLWH without and with BI, together with 16 PLWH with reinfections. Higher inhibition rate of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against BA.4/5 was elicited among PLWH with BI than those without. Omicron-reactive IL4+ CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in PLWH experienced postvaccine infection contrasting with those did not. NAb towards wild type at baseline was associated with prolonged negative conversion time for PLWH whereas intermediate MBCs serve as protecting effectors. We uncovered that hybrid immunity intensified more protection on BA.4/5 than vaccination did. Strengthened surveillance on immunological parameters and timely clinical intervention on PLWH deficient in protection would reduce the severity and mortality in the context of coexistence with new Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Xie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaojing Qu
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xinru Guo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Sun Z, Zhang L, Wang R, Wang Z, Liang X, Gao J. Identification of shared pathogenetic mechanisms between COVID-19 and IC through bioinformatics and system biology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2114. [PMID: 38267482 PMCID: PMC10808107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 increased global mortality in 2019. Cystitis became a contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 complications. The complex molecular links between cystitis and COVID-19 are unclear. This study investigates COVID-19-associated cystitis (CAC) molecular mechanisms and drug candidates using bioinformatics and systems biology. Obtain the gene expression profiles of IC (GSE11783) and COVID-19 (GSE147507) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Identified the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both IC and COVID-19, and extracted a number of key genes from this group. Subsequently, conduct Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the DEGs. Additionally, design a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, a transcription factor gene regulatory network, a TF miRNA regulatory network, and a gene disease association network using the DEGs. Identify and extract hub genes from the PPI network. Then construct Nomogram diagnostic prediction models based on the hub genes. The DSigDB database was used to forecast many potential molecular medicines that are associated with common DEGs. Assess the precision of hub genes and Nomogram models in diagnosing IC and COVID-19 by employing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The IC dataset (GSE57560) and the COVID-19 dataset (GSE171110) were selected to validate the models' diagnostic accuracy. A grand total of 198 DEGs that overlapped were found and chosen for further research. FCER1G, ITGAM, LCP2, LILRB2, MNDA, SPI1, and TYROBP were screened as the hub genes. The Nomogram model, built using the seven hub genes, demonstrates significant utility as a diagnostic prediction model for both IC and COVID-19. Multiple potential molecular medicines associated with common DEGs have been discovered. These pathways, hub genes, and models may provide new perspectives for future research into mechanisms and guide personalised and effective therapeutics for IC patients infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Sun
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China.
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20
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Dapporto F, De Tommaso D, Marrocco C, Piu P, Semplici C, Fantoni G, Ferrigno I, Piccini G, Monti M, Vanni F, Razzano I, Manini I, Montomoli E, Manenti A. Validation of a double-color ELISpot assay of IFN-γ and IL-4 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 524:113588. [PMID: 38040193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot (ELISpot) assay detects cytokines secreted during T cell-specific immune responses against pathogens. As this assay has acquired importance in the clinical setting, standard bioanalytical evaluation of this method is required. Here, we describe a formal bioanalytical validation of a double-color ELISpot assay for the evaluation of IFN-γ and IL-4 released by T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells, respectively. As recommended by international guidelines, the parameters assessed were: range and detection limits (limit of detection, LOD; upper and lower limit of quantification, ULOQ and LLOQ), Linearity, Relative Accuracy, Repeatability, Intermediate Precision, Specificity and Robustness. The results obtained in this validation study demonstrate that this assay meets the established acceptability criteria. ELISpot is therefore a reliable technique for measuring T cell-specific immune responses against various antigens of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camilla Marrocco
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Pietro Piu
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Claudia Semplici
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Giulia Fantoni
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy; Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Banchi di Sotto, 55, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrigno
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Giulia Piccini
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Martina Monti
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanni
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Razzano
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Banchi di Sotto, 55, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi S.r.l., Via Franco Ferrini, 53, 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Banchi di Sotto, 55, 53100 Siena, Italy
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21
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Bar-On L, Dekel H, Aftalion M, Chitlaru T, Erez N. Essential role for Batf3-dependent dendritic cells in regulating CD8 T-cell response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294176. [PMID: 38150441 PMCID: PMC10752548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits robust CD8 T-cell responses, yet the identity of the mechanisms playing dominant roles in initiating the virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we interrogate the contribution of the cDC1 subset to SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T-cell immunity. For this purpose, we used a novel murine line which combines the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible K18-hACE2 transgenic and the Batf3 deficient mice which lack the cDC1 subset. We demonstrate that in the absence of cDC1, viral-specific CD8 T-cell responses were severely impaired both in the draining lymph node as well as in the lungs, during the effector phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD8 T-cells in the lungs and spleens were also significantly impacted, whereas humoral responses, as well as CD4 T-cells were not affected. Additionally, we demonstrate that the absence of cDC1 subset, and the consequent impaired CD8 T-cell responses, resulted in significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the lungs. The conclusions of the study were further independently corroborated in an additional COVID-19 murine model consisting infection with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus. These results underscore a specific role for Batf3-dependent DC in regulating SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T-cell responses and may contribute to future vaccine design and immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Bar-On
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hani Dekel
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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22
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Elkoshi Z. The Eradication of Carcinogenic Viruses in Established Solid Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6227-6239. [PMID: 38145011 PMCID: PMC10749098 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic viruses (oncoviruses) can initiate cancer, but their impact on established cancer varies. Some of these viruses prolong survival while others shorten it. This study classifies oncoviruses into two categories: viruses which induce a strong CD8+T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues, and viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues. The classification proves useful in predicting the effect of oncoviruses on the prognosis of solid cancers. Therefore, while eliminating carcinogenic viruses in healthy individuals (for example by immunization) may be important for cancer prevention, this study suggests that only viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction should be eradicated in established solid tumors. The model correctly predicts the effect of oncoviruses on survival for six out of seven known oncoviruses, indicating that immune modulation by oncoviruses has a prominent effect on prognosis. It seems that CD8+ T cell response to oncoviruses observed in infected benign tissues is retained in infected tumors. Clinical significance: the effect of oncoviruses on solid cancer prognosis can be predicted with confidence based on immunological responses when clinical data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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23
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Kawahara E, Shibata T, Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. Non-glycosylated G protein with CpG ODN provides robust protection against respiratory syncytial virus without inducing eosinophilia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282016. [PMID: 38169867 PMCID: PMC10758452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines targeting the fusion glycoprotein (F protein) are highly effective clinically in preventing RSV challenges. The attachment glycoprotein (G protein) is a potentially effective vaccine antigen candidate, as it is important for cell adhesion during infection. However, vaccine-associated enhanced diseases in mice, such as eosinophilic lung inflammation following RSV challenge, are a concern with G protein vaccines. This study aimed to design an effective G protein vaccine with enhanced safety and efficacy by evaluating the efficacy and adverse reactions of vaccines composed of different recombinant G proteins and adjuvants in mice. Methods Mice were subcutaneously immunized with glycosylated G protein expressed in mammalian cells (mG), non-glycosylated G protein expressed in Escherichia coli (eG), or F protein with or without aluminum salts (alum), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN), or AddaVax. After vaccination, the levels of G-specific antibody and T-cell responses were measured. The immunized mice were challenged with RSV and examined for the viral load in the lungs and nasal turbinates, lung-infiltrating cells, and lung pathology. Results mG with any adjuvant was ineffective at inducing G-specific antibodies and had difficulty achieving both protection against RSV challenge and eosinophilia suppression. In particular, mG+CpG ODN induced G-specific T helper 1 (Th1) cells but only a few G-specific antibodies and did not protect against RSV challenge. However, eG+CpG ODN induced high levels of G-specific antibodies and Th1 cells and protected against RSV challenge without inducing pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the combination vaccine of eG+F+CpG ODN showed greater protection against upper respiratory tract RSV challenge than using each single antigen vaccine alone. Discussion These results indicate that the efficacy of recombinant G protein vaccines can be enhanced without inducing adverse reactions by using appropriate antigens and adjuvants, and their efficacy is further enhanced in the combination vaccine with F protein. These data provide valuable information for the clinical application of G protein vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigo Kawahara
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shibata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Innovative Vaccine Research and Development Center, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Overview of Nucleocapsid-Targeting Vaccines against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1810. [PMID: 38140214 PMCID: PMC10747980 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, is a highly variable causative agent of COVID-19, a contagious respiratory disease with potentially severe complications. Vaccination is considered the most effective measure to prevent the spread and complications of this infection. Spike (S) protein-based vaccines were very successful in preventing COVID-19 caused by the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain; however, their efficacy was significantly reduced when coronavirus variants antigenically different from the original strain emerged in circulation. This is due to the high variability of this major viral antigen caused by escape from the immunity caused by the infection or vaccination with spike-targeting vaccines. The nucleocapsid protein (N) is a much more conserved SARS-CoV-2 antigen than the spike protein and has therefore attracted the attention of scientists as a promising target for broad-spectrum vaccine development. Here, we summarized the current data on various N-based COVID-19 vaccines that have been tested in animal challenge models or clinical trials. Despite the high conservatism of the N protein, escape mutations gradually occurring in the N sequence can affect its protective properties. During the three years of the pandemic, at least 12 mutations have arisen in the N sequence, affecting more than 40 known immunogenic T-cell epitopes, so the antigenicity of the N protein of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants may be altered. This fact should be taken into account as a limitation in the development of cross-reactive vaccines based on N-protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (L.R.)
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25
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1747. [PMID: 38140152 PMCID: PMC10747533 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated to antigenically match the circulating viruses. The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is much more conserved than HA and NA, and thus seems to be a promising target for the design of improved influenza vaccines with broad cross-reactivity against antigenically diverse influenza viruses. Traditional subunit or recombinant protein influenza vaccines do not contain the NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) express the viral NP within infected cells, thus inducing strong NP-specific antibodies and T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored to design broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at the T-cell mode of immunity. Although the NP is highly conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due to selective immune pressure, meaning that the particular NP antigen selected for vaccine design may have a significant impact on the overall immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data on the conservation of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials of NP-targeting influenza vaccine prototypes, focusing on the ability of NP-specific immune responses to protect against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.R.); (I.I.-S.)
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26
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Salamanca E, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, Vilariño-García T, Fuentes S, Martín S, Jiménez M, Galván R, Rodríguez-Chacón C, Sánchez-Mora C, Moreno-Mellado E, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez B, Álvarez N, Sosa A, Garnacho-Montero J, de la Cruz-Merino L, Rodríguez-Baño J, Sánchez-Margalet V. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells may be a useful biomarker in the follow-up of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients after hospitalization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266659. [PMID: 38035104 PMCID: PMC10685891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is the cause of the disease named COVID-19, a major public health challenge worldwide. Differences in the severity, complications and outcomes of the COVID-19 are intriguing and, patients with similar baseline clinical conditions may have very different evolution. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been previously found to be recruited by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be a marker of clinical evolution in these patients. We have studied 90 consecutive patients admitted in the hospital before the vaccination program started in the general population, to measure MDSCs and lymphocyte subpopulations at admission and one week after to assess the possible association with unfavorable outcomes (dead or Intensive Care Unit admission). We analyzed MDSCs and lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. In the 72 patients discharged from the hospital, there were significant decreases in the monocytic and total MDSC populations measured in peripheral blood after one week but, most importantly, the number of MDSCs (total and both monocytic and granulocytic subsets) were much higher in the 18 patients with unfavorable outcome. In conclusion, the number of circulating MDSCs may be a good marker of evolution in the follow-up of unvaccinated patients admitted in the hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Salamanca
- Infectious Diseases and, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital/Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Seville/Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Clinical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sandra Fuentes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Salomón Martín
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Jiménez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Galván
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Catalina Sánchez-Mora
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Elisa Moreno-Mellado
- Infectious Diseases and, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital/Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Seville/Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases and, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital/Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Seville/Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerissa Álvarez
- Intensive Care Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Sosa
- Intensive Care Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Clinical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Infectious Diseases and, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital/Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Seville/Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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27
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Piñana JL, Pérez A, Chorão P, Guerreiro M, García-Cadenas I, Solano C, Martino R, Navarro D. Respiratory virus infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and recent advances. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25 Suppl 1:e14117. [PMID: 37585370 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, common community-acquired seasonal respiratory viruses (CARVs) were a significant threat to the health and well-being of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients, often resulting in severe illness and even death. The pandemic has further highlighted the significant risk that immunosuppressed patients, including allo-HCT recipients, face when infected with SARS-CoV-2. As preventive transmission measures are relaxed and CARVs circulate again among the community, including in allo-HSCT recipients, it is crucial to understand the current state of knowledge, gaps, and recent advances regarding CARV infection in allo-HCT recipients. Urgent research is needed to identify seasonal respiratory viruses as potential drivers for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Piñana
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Pérez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Chorão
- Hematology Division, Hospital universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Hospital Universitário y Politécncio La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Hematology Division, Hospital universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Hospital Universitário y Politécncio La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martino
- Hematology Division, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology department, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Si Y, Wang Y, Tian Q, Wang Q, Pollard JM, Srivastava PK, Esser-Kahn AP, Collier JH, Sperling AI, Chong AS. Lung cDC1 and cDC2 dendritic cells priming naive CD8 + T cells in situ prior to migration to draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113299. [PMID: 37864794 PMCID: PMC10676754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm indicates that naive T cells are primed in secondary lymphoid organs. Here, we present evidence that intranasal administration of peptide antigens appended to nanofibers primes naive CD8+ T cells in the lung independently and prior to priming in the draining mediastinal lymph node (MLN). Notably, comparable accumulation and transcriptomic responses of CD8+ T cells in lung and MLN are observed in both Batf3KO and wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that, while cDC1 dendritic cells (DCs) are the major subset for cross-presentation, cDC2 DCs alone are capable of cross-priming CD8+ T cells both in the lung and draining MLN. Transcription analyses reveal distinct transcriptional responses in lung cDC1 and cDC2 to intranasal nanofiber immunization. However, both DC subsets acquire shared transcriptional responses upon migration into the lymph node, thus uncovering a stepwise activation process of cDC1 and cDC2 toward their ability to cross-prime effector and functional memory CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jared M Pollard
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pramod K Srivastava
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Ou G, Xu H, Wu J, Wang S, Chen Y, Deng L, Chen X. The gut-lung axis in influenza A: the role of gut microbiota in immune balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147724. [PMID: 37928517 PMCID: PMC10623161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A, the most common subtype, induces 3 to 5 million severe infections and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths each year. Vaccination is traditionally considered to be the best way to prevent influenza A. Yet because the Influenza A virus (IAV) is highly susceptible to antigenic drift and Antigenic shift, and because of the lag in vaccine production, this poses a significant challenge to vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, much information about the resistance of antiviral drugs, such as Oseltamivir and Baloxavir, has been reported. Therefore, the search for alternative therapies in the treatment of influenza is warranted. Recent studies have found that regulating the gut microbiota (GM) can promote the immune effects of anti-IAV via the gut-lung axis. This includes promoting IAV clearance in the early stages of infection and reducing inflammatory damage in the later stages. In this review, we first review the specific alterations in GM observed in human as well as animal models regarding IAV infection. Then we analyzed the effect of GM on host immunity against IAV, including innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immunity. Finally, our study also summarizes the effects of therapies using probiotics, prebiotics, or herbal medicine in influenza A on intestinal microecological composition and their immunomodulatory effects against IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huachong Xu
- *Correspondence: Huachong Xu, ; Li Deng, ; Xiaoyin Chen,
| | | | | | | | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Khare K, Chattopadhyay P, Devi P, Mehta P, Raina A, Liu CSC, Tardalkar K, Joshi MG, Pandey R. Dysregulated metal ion homeostasis underscores non-canonical function of CD8 + T cell during COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1282390. [PMID: 37886355 PMCID: PMC10598344 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1282390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several efforts have been made to describe the complexity of T cell heterogeneity during the COVID-19 disease; however, there remain gaps in our understanding in terms of the granularity within. Methods For this attempt, we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 33 individuals (4 healthy, 16 COVID-19 positive patients, and 13 COVID-19 recovered individuals). Results We found CD8+ T cell-biased lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy and recovered individuals. We also found an optimal Th1/Th2 ratio, indicating an effective immune response during COVID-19. Expansion of activated CD4+ T and NK T was detected in the COVID-19-positive individuals. Surprisingly, we found cellular and metal ion homeostasis pathways enriched in the COVID-19-positive individuals compared to the healthy and recovered in the CD8+ T cell populations (CD8+ TCM and CD8+ TEM) as well as activated CD4+ T cells. Discussion In summary, the COVID-19-positive individuals exhibit a dynamic T cell mediated response. This response may have a possible association with the dysregulation of non-canonical pathways, including housekeeping functions in addition to the conventional antiviral immune response mediated by the T cell subpopulation. These findings considerably extend our insights into the heterogeneity of T cell response during and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Khare
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Partha Chattopadhyay
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priti Devi
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aakarshan Raina
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Chinky Shiu Chen Liu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Tardalkar
- D. Y. Patil Education Society, Institution Deemed to be University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghnad G. Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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31
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Das S, Rai G, Sood V, Singh PK, Tyagi A, Salhotra R, Gupta C, Jaggi VK, Dar SA, Ansari MA. Incompetent memory immune response in severe COVID-19 patients under treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20590. [PMID: 37817995 PMCID: PMC10560768 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide and declared a Public Health Emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Albeit, unprecedented efforts have been made from the scientific community to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease, the host immune and inflammatory responses are not explored well in the Indian population. Continuous arrival of new variants fascinated the scientists to understand the host immune processes and to eradicate this deadly virus. The aim of this study was to see the helper and cellular host immune responses including memory and activated cell subsets of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at different time intervals during the treatment. PBMCs separated from nine patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were incubated with fluorescent conjugated antibodies and acquired on flow cytometer machine to analyze the T and B cell subsets. The results in COVID-19 patients versus healthy volunteers were as follows: elevated helper T cells (57.4% vs 44.9%); low cytotoxic T cells (42.8% vs 55.6%), and activated T (17.7% vs 21.2%) subsets. Both, TREG (40.15% vs 51.7%) and TH17 (13.2% vs 24.6%) responses were substantially decreased and high expression of TREG markers was observed in these patients compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Gargi Rai
- Multi-disciplinary Research Unit (Department of Health Research), University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-1100, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Asha Tyagi
- Department of Anesthesia, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Rashmi Salhotra
- Department of Anesthesia, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Chhavi Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India; Present Address: Consultant Infectious Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201301, India
| | - Viniita Kumar Jaggi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Gynecological Oncology, Delhi State Cancer Institute (GNCT of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi-110095, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Ansari
- Multi-disciplinary Research Unit (Department of Health Research), University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, New Delhi-110095, India
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32
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Yu Y, Wang J, Wu MX. Microneedle-Mediated Immunization Promotes Lung CD8+ T-Cell Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1983-1992.e3. [PMID: 37044258 PMCID: PMC10524108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle array has proven more efficient in stimulating humoral immunity than intramuscular vaccination. However, its effectiveness in inducing pulmonary CD8+ T cells remains elusive, which is essential to the frontline defense against pulmonary viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19 viruses. The current investigation reveals that superior CD8+ T-cell responses are elicited by immunization with a microneedle array over intradermal or intramuscular immunization using the model antigen ovalbumin, irrespective of whether or not the antigen is provided in the lung. Mechanistically, microneedle array-mediated immunization targeted the epidermal layer and stimulated predominantly Langerhans cells, resulting in increased expression of α4β1 adhesion molecules on the CD8+ T-cell surface, which may play a role in T-cell homing to the lung, whereas CD8+ T cells induced by intramuscular immunization did not express the adhesion molecule sufficiently. CD8+ T cells with a lung-homing propensity were also seen after intradermal vaccination, yet to a much lesser extent. Accordingly, microneedle array immunization provided stronger protection against influenza viral infection than intradermal or intramuscular immunization. The observations offer insights into a strong cross-talk between epidermal immunization and lung immunity and are valuable for designing and delivering vaccines against respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The first affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Xu Q, Cheng W, Wei J, Ou Y, Xiao X, Jia Y. Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:179. [PMID: 37741920 PMCID: PMC10517906 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various new treatments are emerging constantly in anti-tumor therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficacy is still not satisfactory. Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Radix astragali. Studies found that astragalus polysaccharides have gained great significance in increasing the sensitivity of anti-tumor treatment, reducing the side effects of anti-tumor treatment, reversing the drug resistance of anti-tumor drugs, etc. In this review, we focused on the role of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment. We reviewed the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. We found that astragalus polysaccharides can promote the activities of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical applications of astragalus polysaccharides in patients with digestive tract tumors. We summarized the effective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on digestive tract tumors, including apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, immunoactivity regulation, enhancement of the anticancer effect and chemosensitivity. Therefore, in view of the multiple functions of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical efficacy, the combination of astragalus polysaccharides with antitumor therapy such as immunotherapy may provide new sparks to the bottleneck of current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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Sykulev Y. Factors contributing to the potency of CD8 + T cells. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:693-700. [PMID: 37558570 PMCID: PMC10511257 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a crucial role in targeting virus-infected and cancer cells. Although other cytotoxic lymphocytes such as CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, can also identify and destroy aberrant cells, they seem to be significantly less potent based on available experimental data. Here, I contemplate the molecular mechanisms controlling the sensitivity and kinetics of granule-mediated CD8+ T cell cytolytic responses. I posit that the clustering of MHC-I molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs) on the cell surface, as well as the contribution of the CD8 co-receptor, are major factors driving exceptionally potent cytolytic responses. I also contend that CD8+ T cells with known specificity and engineered TCR-T cells might be among the most efficient cytolytic effectors for treating patients suffering from viral infections or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Learmonth M, Corker A, Dasgupta S, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Regulation of cardiac fibroblasts by lymphocytes after a myocardial infarction: playing in the major league. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H553-H561. [PMID: 37450290 PMCID: PMC10538980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components within the myocardium, which can lead to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Studies have shown that lymphocytes including B and T cells play important roles in the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis after a myocardial infarction. In this review, we focus on the regulation of cardiac fibrosis by lymphocyte subsets, with a particular emphasis on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their effects on fibroblasts and cardiac remodeling. We also highlight areas for further exploration of the interactions between T cells and fibroblasts necessary for understanding and treating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Learmonth
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Alexa Corker
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaoni Dasgupta
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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van der Ploeg EK, Krabbendam L, Vroman H, van Nimwegen M, de Bruijn MJW, de Boer GM, Bergen IM, Kool M, Tramper-Standers GA, Braunstahl GJ, Huylebroeck D, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R. Type-2 CD8 + T-cell formation relies on interleukin-33 and is linked to asthma exacerbations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5137. [PMID: 37612281 PMCID: PMC10447424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells are considered the main producers of type-2 cytokines that fuel chronic airway inflammation in allergic asthma. However, CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc) cells - critical for anti-viral defense - can also produce type-2 cytokines (referred to as 'Tc2' cells). The role of Tc cells in asthma and virus-induced disease exacerbations remains poorly understood, including which micro-environmental signals and cell types promote Tc2 cell formation. Here we show increased circulating Tc2 cell abundance in severe asthma patients, reaching peak levels during exacerbations and likely emerging from canonical IFNγ+ Tc cells through plasticity. Tc2 cell abundance is associated with increased disease burden, higher exacerbations rates and steroid insensitivity. Mouse models of asthma recapitulate the human disease by showing extensive type-2 skewing of lung Tc cells, which is controlled by conventional type-1 dendritic cells and IFNγ. Importantly, we demonstrate that the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) critically promotes type-2 cytokine production by lung Tc cells in experimental allergic airway inflammation. Our data identify Tc cells as major producers of type-2 cytokines in severe asthma and during exacerbations that are remarkably sensitive to alterations in their inflammatory tissue micro-environment, with IL-33 emerging as an important regulator of Tc2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Krabbendam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J W de Bruijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geertje M de Boer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Standers
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Haach V, Bastos APA, Gava D, da Fonseca FN, Morés MAZ, Coldebella A, Franco AC, Schaefer R. A polyvalent virosomal influenza vaccine induces broad cellular and humoral immunity in pigs. Virol J 2023; 20:181. [PMID: 37587490 PMCID: PMC10428566 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) is endemic in pigs globally and co-circulation of genetically and antigenically diverse virus lineages of subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 is a challenge for the development of effective vaccines. Virosomes are virus-like particles that mimic virus infection and have proven to be a successful vaccine platform against several animal and human viruses. METHODS This study evaluated the immunogenicity of a virosome-based influenza vaccine containing the surface glycoproteins of H1N1 pandemic, H1N2 and H3N2 in pigs. RESULTS A robust humoral and cellular immune response was induced against the three IAV subtypes in pigs after two vaccine doses. The influenza virosome vaccine elicited hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and virus-neutralizing activity. Furthermore, it induced a significant maturation of macrophages, and proliferation of B lymphocytes, effector and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T lymphocytes producing interferon-γ. Also, the vaccine demonstrated potential to confer long-lasting immunity until the market age of pigs and proved to be safe and non-cytotoxic to pigs. CONCLUSIONS This virosome platform allows flexibility to adjust the vaccine content to reflect the diversity of circulating IAVs in swine in Brazil. The vaccination of pigs may reduce the impact of the disease on swine production and the risk of swine-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Haach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Francisco Noé da Fonseca
- Embrapa Sede, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Distrito Federal, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil.
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Chen M, Venturi V, Munier CML. Dissecting the Protective Effect of CD8 + T Cells in Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and the Potential Link with Lymph Node CD8 + T Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1035. [PMID: 37508464 PMCID: PMC10376827 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a crucial role in effectively reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with a new generation of vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology being administered globally. Neutralizing antibodies have featured as the heroes of vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells may have a significant impact on the early protective effects of the mRNA vaccine, which are evident 12 days after initial vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells have been shown to respond to multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit polyfunctionality in the periphery at the early stage, even when neutralizing antibodies are scarce. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce diverse subsets of memory CD8+ T cells that persist for more than six months following vaccination. However, the protective role of CD8+ T cells in response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remains a topic of debate. In addition, our understanding of CD8+ T cells in response to vaccination in the lymph nodes, where they first encounter antigen, is still limited. This review delves into the current knowledge regarding the protective role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in controlling the virus, the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, and the contribution to supporting B cell activity and promoting immune protection in the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Pacheco GA, Andrade CA, Gálvez NM, Vázquez Y, Rodríguez-Guilarte L, Abarca K, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Characterization of the humoral and cellular immunity induced by a recombinant BCG vaccine for the respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215893. [PMID: 37533867 PMCID: PMC10390696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for most respiratory tract infections in infants. Even though currently there are no approved hRSV vaccines for newborns or infants, several candidates are being developed. rBCG-N-hRSV is a vaccine candidate previously shown to be safe in a phase I clinical trial in adults (clinicaltrials.gov identifier #NCT03213405). Here, secondary immunogenicity analyses were performed on these samples. Methods PBMCs isolated from immunized volunteers were stimulated with hRSV or mycobacterial antigens to evaluate cytokines and cytotoxic T cell-derived molecules and the expansion of memory T cell subsets. Complement C1q binding and IgG subclass composition of serum antibodies were assessed. Results Compared to levels detected prior to vaccination, perforin-, granzyme B-, and IFN-γ-producing PBMCs responding to stimulus increased after immunization, along with their effector memory response. N-hRSV- and mycobacterial-specific antibodies from rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized subjects bound C1q. Conclusion Immunization with rBCG-N-hRSV induces cellular and humoral immune responses, supporting that rBCG-N-hRSV is immunogenic and safe in healthy individuals. Clinical trial registration https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/, identifier NCT03213405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar A. Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M.S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaneisi Vázquez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediá trica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Heidarian M, Jensen IJ, Kannan SK, Pewe LL, Hassert M, Park S, Xue HH, Harty JT, Badovinac VP. Sublethal whole-body irradiation induces permanent loss and dysfunction in pathogen-specific circulating memory CD8 T cell populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302785120. [PMID: 37364124 PMCID: PMC10318958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302785120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of nuclear energy sources inevitably raises the risk of accidental or deliberate radiation exposure and associated immune dysfunction. However, the extent to which radiation exposure impacts memory CD8 T cells, potent mediators of immunity to recurring intracellular infections and malignancies, remains understudied. Using P14 CD8 T cell chimeric mice (P14 chimeras) with an lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model, we observed that sublethal (5Gy) whole-body irradiation (WBI) induced a rapid decline in the number of naive (TN) and P14 circulating memory CD8 T cells (TCIRCM), with the former being more susceptible to radiation-induced numeric loss. While TN cell numbers rapidly recovered, as previously described, the number of P14 TCIRCM cells remained low at least 9 mo after radiation exposure. Additionally, the remaining P14 TCIRCM in irradiated hosts exhibited an inefficient transition to a central memory (CD62L+) phenotype compared to nonirradiated P14 chimeras. WBI also resulted in long-lasting T cell intrinsic deficits in memory CD8 T cells, including diminished cytokine and chemokine production along with impaired secondary expansion upon cognate Ag reencounter. Irradiated P14 chimeras displayed significantly higher bacterial burden after challenge with Listeria monocytogenes expressing the LCMV GP33-41 epitope relative to nonirradiated controls, likely due to radiation-induced numerical and functional impairments. Taken together, our findings suggest that sublethal radiation exposure caused a long-term numerical, impaired differentiation, and functional dysregulation in preexisting TCIRCM, rendering previously protected hosts susceptible to reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac J. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Shravan Kumar Kannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
| | - Lecia L. Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
| | - Mariah Hassert
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
| | - SungRye Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - John T. Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52246
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Chang ZW, Goh YS, Rouers A, Fong SW, Tay MZ, Chavatte JM, Hor PX, Loh CY, Huang Y, Tan YJ, Neo V, Kam IKJ, Yeo NKW, Tan EX, Huang D, Wang B, Salleh SNM, Ngoh EZX, Wang CI, Leo YS, Lin RTP, Lye DCB, Young BE, Muthiah M, Ng LFP, Rénia L. Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206016. [PMID: 37465685 PMCID: PMC10350672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity in transplant recipients can be impacted by the immunosuppressive (IS) regimens they receive. While BNT162b2 vaccination has been shown to induce an immune response in liver transplant recipients (LTRs), it remains unclear how different IS regimens may affect vaccine immunogenicity after a third BNT162b2 dose in LTRs, which is especially important given the emergence of the Omicron sublineages of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 95 LTRs receiving single and multiple IS regimens were recruited and offered three doses of BNT162b2 during the study period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 90, and 180 after the first BNT162b2 dose. At each time point, levels of anti-spike antibodies, their neutralizing activity, and specific memory B and T cell responses were assessed. LTRs receiving single IS regimens showed an absence of poor immunogenicity, while LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens showed lower levels of spike-specific antibodies and immunological memory compared to vaccinated healthy controls after two doses of BNT162b2. With a third dose of BNT162b2, spike-specific humoral, memory B, and T cell responses in LTR significantly improved against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 and were comparable to those seen in healthy controls who received only two doses of BNT162b2. However, LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens still showed poor antibody responses against Omicron sublineages BA.1 and XBB. A third dose of BNT162b2 may be beneficial in boosting antibody, memory B, and T cell responses in LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens, especially against the ancestral Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the continued vulnerability of LTRs to presently circulating Omicron variants, antiviral treatments such as medications need to be considered to prevent severe COVID-19 in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wei Chang
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuling Huang
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Jie Tan
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Neo
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isaac Kai Jie Kam
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice X Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Boon Lye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, National Institute of Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Rénia
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Yazdanparast S, Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Mikanik F, Ahmadi R, Ghorbani M, Mansoorian MR, Mansoorian M, Chegni H, Moshari J, Gharehbaghian A. Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness. Life Sci 2023:121907. [PMID: 37394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness. AIM This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles. KEY FINDINGS Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | | | - Mozhgan Mansoorian
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Moshari
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jia J, Li H, Huang Z, Yu J, Zheng Y, Cao B. Comprehensive immune landscape of lung-resident memory CD8 + T cells after influenza infection and reinfection in a mouse model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184884. [PMID: 37415817 PMCID: PMC10320391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resident phenotypic memory CD8+ T cells are crucial for immune defense against pathogens. However, little is known about the potential transitions and regulation mechanisms of their function after influenza virus infection and reinfection. In this study, we utilized integrated transcriptome data and in vivo experiments to investigate the key characteristics behind it. Methods Two single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of lung CD8+ T cells and one RNA-seq dataset of lung tissue after infection or reinfection were included. After Seurat procedures classifying CD8+ T subsets, the scCODE algorithm was used to identify the differentially expressed genes for GSVA, GO, and KEGG pathway enrichment. Monocle 3 and CellChat were used to infer pseudotime cell trajectory and cell interactions. The ssGSEA method was used to estimate the relative proportions of immune cells. The findings were confirmed with a mouse model via flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis. Results Our study refined the landscape of CD8+ T-cell subsets in the lung, showing that CD8+ Trm cells accumulated in the lung within 14 days after influenza infection. The classical CD8+ Trm cells co-expressed a high level of CD49a and even maintained 90 days after primary infection. The ratio of CD8+ Trm cells decreased 1 day after influenza reinfection, which may be parallel with their potential transition into effector types, as observed in trajectory inference analysis. KEGG analysis suggested that PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway were upregulated in CD8+ Trm cells on day 14 after infection. GO and GSVA analyses revealed that PI3K-Akt-mTOR and type I interferon signaling pathways were enriched in CD8+ Tem and Trm cells after reinfection. Additionally, CCL signaling pathways were involved in cell interaction between CD8+ Trm cells and other cells, with Ccl4-Ccr5 and Ccl5-Ccr5 ligand/receptor pairs being important between CD8+ Trm and other memory subsets after infection and reinfection. Conclusion Our data suggest that resident memory CD8+ T cells with CD49a co-expression account for a large proportion after influenza infection, and they can be rapidly reactivated against reinfection. Function differences exist in CD8+ Trm and Tem cells after influenza infection and reinfection. Ccl5-Ccr5 ligand/receptor pair is important in cell interactions between CD8+ Trm and other subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Jia
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiapei Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Eddens T, Parks OB, Lou D, Fan L, Sojati J, Ramsey MJ, Schmitt L, Salgado CM, Reyes-Mugica M, Oury TD, Byersdorfer C, Chen K, Williams JV. Monocyte production of C1q potentiates CD8 + T cell effector function following respiratory viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543430. [PMID: 37333212 PMCID: PMC10274684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Using a murine model of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), we identified recruitment of a C1q-producing inflammatory monocyte population concomitant with viral clearance by adaptive immune cells. Genetic ablation of C1q led to reduced CD8 + T cell function. Production of C1q by a myeloid lineage was sufficient to enhance CD8 + T cell function. Activated and dividing CD8 + T cells expressed a putative C1q receptor, gC1qR. Perturbation of gC1qR signaling led to altered CD8 + T cell IFN-γ production and metabolic capacity. Autopsy specimens from fatal respiratory viral infections in children demonstrated diffuse production of C1q by an interstitial population. Humans with severe COVID-19 infection also demonstrated upregulation of gC1qR on activated and rapidly dividing CD8 + T cells. Collectively, these studies implicate C1q production from monocytes as a critical regulator of CD8 + T cell function following respiratory viral infection.
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Park HJ, Bang YJ, Kwon SP, Kwak W, Park SI, Roh G, Bae SH, Kim JY, Kwak HW, Kim Y, Yoo S, Kim D, Keum G, Bang EK, Hong SH, Nam JH. Analyzing immune responses to varied mRNA and protein vaccine sequences. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:84. [PMID: 37271785 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, different types of vaccines, such as inactive, live-attenuated, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein subunit, have been developed against SARS-CoV-2. This has unintentionally created a unique scenario where heterologous prime-boost vaccination against a single virus has been administered to a large human population. Here, we aimed to analyze whether the immunization order of vaccine types influences the efficacy of heterologous prime-boost vaccination, especially mRNA and protein-based vaccines. We developed a new mRNA vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of the influenza virus using the 3'-UTR and 5'-UTR of muscle cells (mRNA-HA) and tested its efficacy by heterologous immunization with an HA protein vaccine (protein-HA). The results demonstrated higher IgG2a levels and hemagglutination inhibition titers in the mRNA-HA priming/protein-HA boosting (R-P) regimen than those induced by reverse immunization (protein-HA priming/mRNA-HA boosting, P-R). After the viral challenge, the R-P group showed lower virus loads and less inflammation in the lungs than the P-R group did. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the heterologous prime-boost groups had differentially activated immune response pathways, according to the order of immunization. In summary, our results demonstrate that the sequence of vaccination is critical to direct desired immune responses. This study demonstrates the potential of a heterologous vaccination strategy using mRNA and protein vaccine platforms against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Jun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahyun Roh
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkwan Kim
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoo
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegeun Kim
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang H, Shin DH, Yi Y, Fan X, Gumin J, He J, Gillard AG, Lang FF, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J. Adjuvant Therapy with Oncolytic Adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX After Intratumoral Adoptive T-cell Therapy Promotes Antigen Spread to Sustain Systemic Antitumor Immunity. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1118-1131. [PMID: 37379361 PMCID: PMC10295804 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a challenge in treating solid tumors with adoptive cell therapies targeting limited tumor-associated antigens (TAA), such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. We hypothesize that oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX activates the TME and promote antigen spread to potentiate the abscopal effect of adoptive TAA-targeting T cells in localized intratumoral treatment. Herein, we used C57BL/6 mouse models with disseminated tumors derived from B16 melanoma cell lines to assess therapeutic effects and antitumor immunity. gp100-specific pmel-1 or ovalbumin (OVA)-specific OT-I T cells were injected into the first subcutaneous tumor, followed by three injections of Delta-24-RGDOX. We found TAA-targeting T cells injected into one subcutaneous tumor showed tumor tropism. Delta-24-RGDOX sustained the systemic tumor regression mediated by the T cells, leading to improved survival rate. Further analysis revealed that, in mice with disseminated B16-OVA tumors, Delta-24-RGDOX increased CD8+ leukocyte density within treated and untreated tumors. Importantly, Delta-24-RGDOX significantly reduced the immunosuppression of endogenous OVA-specific CTLs while increasing that of CD8+ leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, adoptive pmel-1 T cells. Consequently, Delta-24-RGDOX drastically increased the density of the OVA-specific CTLs in both tumors, and the combination synergistically enhanced the effect. Consistently, the splenocytes from the combination group showed a significantly stronger response against other TAAs (OVA and TRP2) than gp100, resulted in higher activity against tumor cells. Therefore, our data demonstrate that, as an adjuvant therapy followed TAA-targeting T cells in localized treatment, Delta-24-RGDOX activates TME and promotes antigen spread, leading to efficacious systemic antitumor immunity to overcome tumor relapse. Significance Adjuvant therapy with oncolytic viruses promotes antigen spread to potentiate localized intratumoral adoptive T-cell therapy with limited TAA targets, leading to sustainable systemic antitumor immunity to overcome tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanhua Yi
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiasen He
- Pediatric division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew G. Gillard
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Duette G, Lee E, Martins Costa Gomes G, Tungatt K, Doyle C, Stylianou VV, Lee A, Maddocks S, Taylor J, Khanna R, Bull RA, Martinello M, Sandgren KJ, Cunningham AL, Palmer S. Highly Networked SARS-CoV-2 Peptides Elicit T Cell Responses with Enhanced Specificity. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:508-527. [PMID: 37358499 PMCID: PMC10580120 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitope-derived peptides is critical for the development of effective vaccines and measuring the duration of specific SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity. In this regard, we previously identified T cell epitope-derived peptides within topologically and structurally essential regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins by applying an immunoinformatics pipeline. In this study, we selected 30 spike- and nucleocapsid-derived peptides and assessed whether these peptides induce T cell responses and avoid major mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our peptide pool was highly specific, with only a single peptide driving cross-reactivity in people unexposed to SARS-COV-2, and immunogenic, inducing a polyfunctional response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 recovered individuals. All peptides were immunogenic and individuals recognized broad and diverse peptide repertoires. Moreover, our peptides avoided most mutations/deletions associated with all four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern while retaining their physicochemical properties even when genetic changes are introduced. This study contributes to an evolving definition of individual CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes that can be used for specific diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses and is relevant to the development of variant-resistant and durable T cell-stimulating vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duette
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eunok Lee
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Katie Tungatt
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloe Doyle
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicki V. Stylianou
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Lee
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Maddocks
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette Taylor
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marianne Martinello
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Blacktown & Mount Druitt Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie J. Sandgren
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gil-Bescós R, Ostiz A, Zalba S, Tamayo I, Bandrés E, Rojas-de-Miguel E, Redondo M, Zabalza A, Ramírez N. Potency assessment of IFNγ-producing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from COVID-19 convalescent subjects. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201759. [PMID: 36941056 PMCID: PMC10027900 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for COVID-19 high-risk patients remains necessary to prevent additional deaths. Here, we studied the phenotypical and functional characteristics of IFN-γ producing-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (SC2-STs), obtained from 12 COVID-19 convalescent donors, to determine their potency as an off-the-shelf T cell therapy product. We found that these cells present mainly an effector memory phenotype, characterized by the basal expression of cytotoxicity and activation markers, including granzyme B, perforin, CD38, and PD-1. We demonstrated that SC2-STs could be expanded and isolated in vitro, and they exhibited peptide-specific cytolytic and proliferative responses after antigenic re-challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SC2-STs can be a suitable candidate for the manufacture of a T cell therapy product aimed to treat severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Gil-Bescós
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Ostiz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Zalba
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Unit of Methodology, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios y Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Pamplona, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Bandrés
- Immunology Service, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elvira Rojas-de-Miguel
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Redondo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Zabalza
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natalia Ramírez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Mott D, Yang J, Baer C, Papavinasasundaram K, Sassetti CM, Behar SM. High Bacillary Burden and the ESX-1 Type VII Secretion System Promote MHC Class I Presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages to CD8 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1531-1542. [PMID: 37000471 PMCID: PMC10159937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
We used a mouse model to study how Mycobacterium tuberculosis subverts host defenses to persist in macrophages despite immune pressure. CD4 T cells can recognize macrophages infected with a single bacillus in vitro. Under identical conditions, CD8 T cells inefficiently recognize infected macrophages and fail to restrict M. tuberculosis growth, although they can inhibit M. tuberculosis growth during high-burden intracellular infection. We show that high intracellular M. tuberculosis numbers cause macrophage death, leading other macrophages to scavenge cellular debris and cross-present the TB10.4 Ag to CD8 T cells. Presentation by infected macrophages requires M. tuberculosis to have a functional ESX-1 type VII secretion system. These data indicate that phagosomal membrane damage and cell death promote MHC class I presentation of the immunodominant Ag TB10.4 by macrophages. Although this mode of Ag presentation stimulates cytokine production that we presume would be host beneficial, killing of uninfected cells could worsen immunopathology. We suggest that shifting the focus of CD8 T cell recognition to uninfected macrophages would limit the interaction of CD8 T cells with infected macrophages and impair CD8 T cell-mediated resolution of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mott
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M. Sassetti
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Ahmadi S, Bazargan M, Elahi R, Esmaeilzadeh A. Immune evasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); molecular approaches. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:10-19. [PMID: 36857806 PMCID: PMC9684099 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new betacoronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused an outbreak at the Wuhan seafood market in China. The disease was further named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disease to be a pandemic, as more cases were reported globally. SARS-CoV-2, like many other viruses, employs diverse strategies to elude the host immune response and/or counter immune responses. The infection outcome mainly depends on interactions between the virus and the host immune system. Inhibiting IFN production, blocking IFN signaling, enhancing IFN resistance, and hijacking the host's translation machinery to expedite the production of viral proteins are among the main immune evasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 also downregulates the expression of MHC-I on infected cells, which is an additional immune-evasion mechanism of this virus. Moreover, antigenic modifications to the spike (S) protein, such as deletions, insertions, and also substitutions are essential for resistance to SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. This review assesses the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response and cellular and molecular approaches used by SARS-CoV-2 for immune evasion. Understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion is essential since it can improve the development of novel antiviral treatment options as well as vaccination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Ahmadi
- Virology Research Center, The National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Allergy and Immunology Subspecialty Lab, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Bazargan
- Virology Research Center, The National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Allergy and Immunology Subspecialty Lab, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- M.D., School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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