1
|
Abdel-Hameed EA, Masenga SK. HIV-related gut damage persists long-term in perinatally acquired HIV and is associated with insulin resistance. AIDS 2024; 38:1265-1266. [PMID: 38814714 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kadyan S, Park G, Hochuli N, Miller K, Wang B, Nagpal R. Resistant starches from dietary pulses improve neurocognitive health via gut-microbiome-brain axis in aged mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1322201. [PMID: 38352704 PMCID: PMC10864001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1322201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive decline is a common consequence of aging. Dietary patterns that lack fibers and are high in saturated fats worsen cognitive impairment by triggering pro-inflammatory pathways and metabolic dysfunctions. Emerging evidence highlights the neurocognitive benefits of fiber-rich diets and the crucial role of gut-microbiome-brain signaling. However, the mechanisms of this diet-microbiome-brain regulation remain largely unclear. Methods Accordingly, we herein investigated the unexplored neuroprotective mechanisms of dietary pulses-derived resistant starch (RS) in improving aging-associated neurocognitive function in an aged (60-weeks old) murine model carrying a human microbiome. Results and discussion Following 20-weeks dietary regimen which included a western-style diet without (control; CTL) or with 5% w/w fortification with RS from pinto beans (PTB), black-eyed-peas (BEP), lentils (LEN), chickpeas (CKP), or inulin fiber (INU), we find that RS, particularly from LEN, ameliorate the cognitive impairments induced by western diet. Mechanistically, RS-mediated improvements in neurocognitive assessments are attributed to positive remodeling of the gut microbiome-metabolome arrays, which include increased short-chain fatty acids and reduced branched-chain amino acids levels. This microbiome-metabolite-brain signaling cascade represses neuroinflammation, cellular senescence, and serum leptin/insulin levels, while enhancing lipid metabolism through improved hepatic function. Altogether, the data demonstrate the prebiotic effects of RS in improving neurocognitive function via modulating the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kadyan
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Nathaniel Hochuli
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn Miller
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sacoor C, Marugg JD, Lima NR, Empadinhas N, Montezinho L. Gut-Brain Axis Impact on Canine Anxiety Disorders: New Challenges for Behavioral Veterinary Medicine. Vet Med Int 2024; 2024:2856759. [PMID: 38292207 PMCID: PMC10827376 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2856759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders in dogs are ever-growing and represent an important concern in the veterinary behavior field. These disorders are often disregarded in veterinary clinical practice, negatively impacting the animal's and owner's quality of life. Moreover, these anxiety disorders can potentially result in the abandonment or euthanasia of dogs. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota is a central player in the gut-brain axis. A variety of microorganisms inhabit the intestines of dogs, which are essential in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. These microbes can impact mental health through several mechanisms, including metabolic, neural, endocrine, and immune-mediated pathways. The disruption of a balanced composition of resident commensal communities, or dysbiosis, is implicated in several pathological conditions, including mental disorders such as anxiety. Studies carried out in rodent models and humans demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota can influence mental health through these mechanisms, including anxiety disorders. Furthermore, novel therapeutic strategies using prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to ameliorate anxiety-related symptoms. However, regarding the canine veterinary behavior field, there is still a lack of insightful research on this topic. In this review, we explore the few but relevant studies performed on canine anxiety disorders. We agree that innovative bacterial therapeutical approaches for canine anxiety disorders will become a promising field of investigation and certainly pave the way for new approaches to these behavioral conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sacoor
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020–210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - John D. Marugg
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Lima
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Innovation in Health and Well-Being Research Unit (iHealth4Well-Being), Polytechnic Health Institute of North (IPSN-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Montezinho
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020–210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Fu B, Zhao C, Hu J, Zhang X, Fu Y, She X, Gu C, Cheng M, Wang F, Song X, Dai J, Yin J, Fu Y, Zheng P, Wu F, Zhu Y, Ma K, Gao X, Wang M, Zeng Q, Cui B. Early-life noise exposure causes cognitive impairment in a sex-dependent manner by disrupting homeostasis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:221-239. [PMID: 37648006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations show that noise exposure in early life is associated with health and cognitive impairment. The gut microbiome established in early life plays a crucial role in modulating developmental processes that subsequently affect brain function and behavior. Here, we examined the impact of early-life exposure to noise on cognitive function in adolescent rats by analyzing the gut microbiome and metabolome to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Chronic noise exposure during early life led to cognitive deficits, hippocampal injury, and neuroinflammation. Early-life noise exposure showed significant difference on the composition and function of the gut microbiome throughout adolescence, subsequently causing axis-series changes in fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and serum metabolome profiles, as well as dysregulation of endothelial tight junction proteins, in both intestine and brain. We also observed sex-dependent effects of microbiota depletion on SCFA-related beneficial bacteria in adolescence. Experiments on microbiota transplantation and SCFA supplementation further confirmed the role of intestinal bacteria and related SCFAs in early-life noise-exposure-induced impairments in cognition, epithelial integrity, and neuroinflammation. Overall, these results highlight the homeostatic imbalance of microbiota-gut-brain axis as an important physiological response toward environmental noise during early life and reveals subtle differences in molecular signaling processes between male and female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chunli Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaojun She
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Cui Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fenghan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Song
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Pengfang Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fangshan Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yingwen Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asbjornsdottir B, Sigurdsson S, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Lan J, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Evaluating Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Barrier Function in Zonulin Transgenic Mice: A Transcriptomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14730. [PMID: 37834178 PMCID: PMC10572565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier comprises a single layer of epithelial cells tightly joined to form a physical barrier. Disruption or compromise of the intestinal barrier can lead to the inadvertent activation of immune cells, potentially causing an increased risk of chronic inflammation in various tissues. Recent research has suggested that specific dietary components may influence the function of the intestinal barrier, potentially offering a means to prevent or mitigate inflammatory disorders. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows after calving, is a natural source of nutrients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier fortifying properties. This novel study sought to investigate the transcriptome in BC-treated Zonulin transgenic mice (Ztm), characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, intestinal hyperpermeability, and mild hyperactivity, applying RNA sequencing. Seventy-five tissue samples from the duodenum, colon, and brain of Ztm and wild-type (WT) mice were dissected, processed, and RNA sequenced. The expression profiles were analyzed and integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). These were then further examined using bioinformatics tools. RNA-seq analysis identified 1298 DEGs and 20,952 DETs in the paired (Ztm treatment vs. Ztm control) and reference (WT controls) groups. Of these, 733 DEGs and 10,476 DETs were upregulated, while 565 DEGs and 6097 DETs were downregulated. BC-treated Ztm female mice showed significant upregulation of cingulin (Cgn) and claudin 12 (Cldn12) duodenum and protein interactions, as well as molecular pathways and interactions pertaining to tight junctions, while BC-treated Ztm males displayed an upregulation of transcripts like occludin (Ocln) and Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgf2) and cellular structures and interfaces, protein-protein interactions, and organization and response mechanisms. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of BC treatment on tight junctions (TJs) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway gene expressions. The present study is the first to analyze intestinal and brain samples from BC-treated Ztm mice applying high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed molecular interaction in intestinal barrier function and identified hub genes and their functional pathways and biological processes in response to BC treatment in Ztm mice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for dietary interventions aimed at improving intestinal barrier integrity and function. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muralitharan RR, Snelson M, Meric G, Coughlan MT, Marques FZ. Guidelines for microbiome studies in renal physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F345-F362. [PMID: 37440367 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome research has increased dramatically in the last decade, including in renal health and disease. The field is moving from experiments showing mere association to causation using both forward and reverse microbiome approaches, leveraging tools such as germ-free animals, treatment with antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantations. However, we are still seeing a gap between discovery and translation that needs to be addressed, so that patients can benefit from microbiome-based therapies. In this guideline paper, we discuss the key considerations that affect the gut microbiome of animals and clinical studies assessing renal function, many of which are often overlooked, resulting in false-positive results. For animal studies, these include suppliers, acclimatization, baseline microbiota and its normalization, littermates and cohort/cage effects, diet, sex differences, age, circadian differences, antibiotics and sweeteners, and models used. Clinical studies have some unique considerations, which include sampling, gut transit time, dietary records, medication, and renal phenotypes. We provide best-practice guidance on sampling, storage, DNA extraction, and methods for microbial DNA sequencing (both 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenome). Finally, we discuss follow-up analyses, including tools available, metrics, and their interpretation, and the key challenges ahead in the microbiome field. By standardizing study designs, methods, and reporting, we will accelerate the findings from discovery to translation and result in new microbiome-based therapies that may improve renal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge-Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng M, Peng M, Liang J, Sun H. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03512-7. [PMID: 37498481 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has proved that alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to neurological disorders including stroke. Structural and functional disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is observed after stroke. In this context, there is pioneering evidence supporting that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of stroke by regulating the BBB function. However, only a few experimental studies have been performed on stroke models to observe the BBB by altering the structure of gut microbiota, which warrant further exploration. Therefore, in order to provide a novel mechanism for stroke and highlight new insights into BBB modification as a stroke intervention, this review summarizes existing evidence of the relationship between gut microbiota and BBB integrity and discusses the mechanisms of gut microbiota on BBB dysfunction and its role in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Zeng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meichang Peng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China On Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Centre for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsai WH, Yeh WL, Chou CH, Wu CL, Lai CH, Yeh YT, Liao CA, Wu CC. Suppressive Effects of Lactobacillus on Depression through Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in C57BL/6J Mice Induced by Ampicillin. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041068. [PMID: 37189686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a medical and social problem. Multiple metabolites and neuroinflammation regulate it. Modifying the gut microbiota with probiotics to reduce depression through the gut-brain axis is a potential treatment strategy. In this study, three anti-depressive potentials of Lactobacillus spp. (LAB), including L. rhamnosus GMNL-74, L. acidophilus GMNL-185 and L. plantarum GMNL-141, which combined to produce low dosage LAB (1.6 × 108 CFU/mouse, LABL) and high dosage LAB (4.8 × 108 CFU/mouse, LABH), were administered to C57BL/6 mice induced depression by ampicillin (Amp). A behavioral test of depression, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content measurement were executed to investigate the gut microbiota composition, activation of nutrient metabolism pathways, levels of inflammatory factors, gut-derived 5-HT biosynthesis genes, and SCFA levels in C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that after mice were induced by Amp, both LAB groups recovered from depressive behaviors, decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the mouse ileum. The prediction of metabolism pathways of microbes revealed the activation of arginine and proline metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were increased, and fatty acid synthesis was decreased in both LAB groups. The LABH groups showed increased levels of acetic acid, propanoic acid, and iso-butyric acid and decreased butyric acid levels in the cecum. LABH treatment increased claudin-5 and reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. Both LAB groups also reduced monoamine oxidase, and the LABH group increased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. These results showed that the composite of three LAB exerts antidepressant effects by regulating the gut microbiota and modifying the levels of depression-related metabolites in C57BL/6J Amp-treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 74144, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Yeh
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 74144, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 74144, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomed—Ical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-An Liao
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kenkel WM, Kingsbury MA, Reinhart JM, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Carter CS, Perkeybile AM. Lasting consequences on physiology and social behavior following cesarean delivery in prairie voles. Horm Behav 2023; 150:105314. [PMID: 36731301 PMCID: PMC10023354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cesarean delivery is associated with diminished plasma levels of several 'birth-signaling' hormones, such as oxytocin and vasopressin. These same hormones have been previously shown to exert organizational effects when acting in early life. For example, our previous work found a broadly gregarious phenotype in prairie voles exposed to oxytocin at birth. Meanwhile, cesarean delivery has been previously associated with changes in social behavior and metabolic processes related to oxytocin and vasopressin. In the present study, we investigated the long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of cesarean delivery in prairie voles. After cross-fostering, vole pups delivered either via cesarean or vaginal delivery were studied throughout development. Cesarean-delivered pups responded to isolation differently in terms of their vocalizations (albeit in opposite directions in the two experiments), huddled in less cohesive groups under warmed conditions, and shed less heat. As young adults, we observed no differences in anxiety-like or alloparental behavior. However, in adulthood, cesarean-delivered voles of both sexes failed to form partner preferences with opposite sex conspecifics. In a follow-up study, we replicated this deficit in partner-preference formation among cesarean-delivered voles and were able to normalize pair-bonding behavior by treating cesarean-delivered vole pups with oxytocin (0.25 mg/kg) at delivery. Finally, we detected minor differences in regional oxytocin receptor expression within the brains of cesarean-delivered voles, as well as microbial composition of the gut. Gene expression changes in the gut epithelium indicated that cesarean-delivered male voles have altered gut development. These results speak to the possibility of unintended developmental consequences of cesarean delivery, which currently accounts for 32.9 % of deliveries in the U.S. and suggest that further research should be directed at whether hormone replacement at delivery influences behavioral outcomes in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Kenkel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America.
| | - Marcy A Kingsbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John M Reinhart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - C Sue Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Allison M Perkeybile
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Li A, Yang Q, Li J, Zheng L, Wang G, Sun Y, Huang Y, Zhang M, Song Z, Liu L. Matrine alleviates depressive-like behaviors via modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in CUMS-induced mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 36829227 PMCID: PMC9951532 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The realization of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis plays a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression, is advancing rapidly. Matrine is a natural bioactive compound, which has been found to possess potential antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulation of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis in the treatment of depression by oral matrine remain elusive. METHODS Its antidepressant effects were initially evaluated by behavioral tests and relative levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, and matrine has been observed to attenuate the depression-like behavior and increase neurotransmitter content in CUMS-induced mice. Subsequently, studies from the "gut" to "brain" were conducted, including detection of the composition of gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing; the metabolomics detection of gut metabolites and the analysis of differential metabolic pathways; the assessment of relative levels of diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by ELISA kits or immunofluorescence. RESULTS Matrine could regulate the disturbance of gut microbiota and metabolites, restore intestinal permeability, and reduce intestinal inflammation, thereby reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood circulation and brain regions, and ultimately increase the levels of BDNF in brain. CONCLUSION Matrine may ameliorate CUMS-induced depression in mice by modulating the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China ,grid.411407.70000 0004 1760 2614Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aoqiang Li
- grid.411407.70000 0004 1760 2614Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifang Yang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kadyan S, Park G, Singh P, Arjmandi B, Nagpal R. Prebiotic mechanisms of resistant starches from dietary beans and pulses on gut microbiome and metabolic health in a humanized murine model of aging. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1106463. [PMID: 36824174 PMCID: PMC9941547 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary pulses, being a rich source of fiber and proteins, offer an ideal and inexpensive food choice for older adults to promote gut and metabolic health. However, the prebiotic effects of dietary pulses-derived resistant starches (RS), compared to RS from cereals and tubers, remain relatively underexplored, particularly in context to their gut modulatory potential in old age. We herein investigate the prebiotic effects of pulses-derived RS on the gut microbiome and intestinal health in aged (60-week old) mice colonized with human microbiota. C57B6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with either a western-style high-fat diet (control; CTL) or CTL diet supplemented (5% w/w) with RS from pinto beans (PTB), black-eyed-peas (BEP), lentils (LEN), chickpeas (CKP), or inulin (INU; reference control). We find that the RS supplementation modulates gut microbiome in a sex-dependent manner. For instance, CKP enriched α-diversity only in females, while β-diversity deviated for both sexes. Further, different RS groups exhibited distinct microbiome differences at bacterial phyla and genera levels. Notably, LEN fostered Firmicutes and depleted Proteobacteria abundance, whereas Bacteroidota was promoted by CKP and INU. Genus Dubosiella increased dominantly in males for all groups except PTB, whilst Faecalibaculum decreased in females by CKP and INU groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and correlational analyzes reveal RS-mediated upregulation of key bacterial genera associated with short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) production and suppression of specific pathobionts. Subsequent machine-learning analysis validate decreased abundance of notorious genera, namely, Enterococcus, Odoribacter, Desulfovibrio, Alistipes and Erysipelatoclostridium among RS groups. CKP and LEN groups partly protected males against post-prandial glycemia. Importantly, RS ameliorated high-fat diet-induced gut hyperpermeability and enhanced expression of tight-junction proteins (claudin-1 and claudin-4), which were more pronounced for LEN. In addition, IL10 upregulation was more prominent for LEN, while TNF-α was downregulated by LEN, CKP, and INU. Together, these findings demonstrate that RS supplementation beneficially modulates the gut microbiome with a reduction in gut leakiness and inflammation, indicating their prebiotic potential for functional food and nutritional applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu X, Huang X, Ma W, Li M, Wen J, Chen C, Liu L, Nie S. Bioactive polysaccharides promote gut immunity via different ways. Food Funct 2023; 14:1387-1400. [PMID: 36633119 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous kinds of bioactive polysaccharides are identified as having intestinal immunomodulatory activity; however, the ways in which the different polysaccharides work differ. Therefore, we selected nine representative bioactive polysaccharides, including xanthan gum, inulin, guar gum, arabinogalactan, carrageenan, glucomannan, araboxylan, xylan, and fucoidan, and compared their intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms. A cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed model was used in this experiment, and the effects of these polysaccharides on the number of T cells in the intestinal mucosa, expression of transcription factors and inflammatory factors, intestinal metabolome and gut microbiota were compared and discussed. The results revealed that the nine polysaccharides promote intestinal immunity in different ways. In detail, guar gum, inulin and glucomannan better alleviated immune suppression in intestinal mucosal T cells. Inulin improved the intestinal microenvironment by significantly upregulating the abundance of Lactobacillus and Monoglobus and promoted short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Fucoidan and carrageenan promoted the colonization of the beneficial bacteria Rikenella and Roseburia. In addition, fucoidan, inulin and carrageenan inhibited the colonization of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, upregulated the abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014 and alleviated the accumulation of amino acids, bile acids and indoles in the large intestine. In conclusion, our study uncovered the different intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms of the different polysaccharides and provided a guideline for the development of superior intestinal immunomodulatory polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Wanning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jiajia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Liandi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He X, Ye G, Xu S, Chen X, He X, Gong Z. Effects of three different probiotics of Tibetan sheep origin and their complex probiotics on intestinal damage, immunity, and immune signaling pathways of mice infected with Clostridium perfringens type C. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177232. [PMID: 37138630 PMCID: PMC10149710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep have unique intestinal microorganisms in their intestines that are adapted to the highland alpine and anoxic environment. To further clarify the probiotic properties of Tibetan sheep-derived probiotics, we selected three Tibetan sheep-derived probiotic isolates (Enterococcus faecalis EF1-mh, Bacillus subtilis BS1-ql, and Lactobacillus sakei LS-ql) to investigate the protective mechanisms of monocultures and their complex strains against Clostridium perfringens type C infection in mice. We established a model of C. perfringens type C infection and used histology and molecular biology to analyze the effects and mechanisms of different probiotic treatments on mice after C. perfringens type C infection. After supplementation with either probiotics or complex probiotics, mice were improved in terms of weight reduction and reduced the levels of cytokines in serum and increased the levels of intestinal sIgA, and supplementation with complex probiotics was effective. In addition, both probiotic and complex probiotic supplementation effectively improved the damage of intestinal mucosa and spleen tissue. The relative expressions of Muc 2, Claudin-1, and Occludin genes were increased in the ileum. The three probiotics and the compound probiotics treatment significantly reduced the relative mRNA expression of toll-like/MyD88/NF-κB/MAPK. The effect of probiotic treatment was similar to the results of engramycin treatment, but the effect of engramycin treatment on intestinal sIgA was not significant. Our results clarify the immunomodulatory effects of the three probiotic isolates and the complex probiotics on C. perfringens infection, and the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
Collapse
|
14
|
Asbjornsdottir B, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Cetinbas M, Lan J, Sadreyev RI, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010091. [PMID: 36672598 PMCID: PMC9855927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of beneficial microbial input or signal, diversity, and expansion of pathobionts, which can lead to loss of barrier function and increased intestinal permeability (IP). Colostrum, the first milk from mammals after birth, is a natural source of nutrients and is rich in oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and anti-microbial components. The aim of this study was to investigate if bovine colostrum (BC) administration might modulate intestinal microbiota and, in turn, behavior in two mouse models, wild-type (WT) and Zonulin transgenic (Ztm)-the latter of which is characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and mild hyperactivity-and to compare with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis of the microbiome showed that consumption of BC was associated with increased taxonomy abundance (p = 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.004) of potentially beneficial species in WT mice and shifted dysbiotic microbial community towards eubiosis in Ztm mice (p = 0.001). BC induced an anxiolytic effect in WT female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.0003), and it reduced anxiogenic behavior in Ztm female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.001), as well as in Ztm male mice compared with WT BC male mice (p = 0.03). As evidenced in MGBA interactions, BC supplementation may well be applied for prophylactic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to explore human interdependencies between intestinal microbiota, including eubiosis and pathobionts, and neuroinflammation, and the potential value of BC for human use. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naryzhny S, Legina O. Zonulin — regulation of tight contacts in the brain and intestine — facts and hypotheses. BIOMEDITSINSKAYA KHIMIYA 2022; 68:309-320. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226805309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the interrelationship between the brain and the gut has become an area of high scientific interest. The intestine is responsible not only for digestion, as it contains millions of neurons, its own immune system, and affects the emotional and cognitive processes. The relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the processes carried out by the gut microbiota play a significant role in the regulation of brain function, and vice versa. A special role here is played by intercellular tight junctions (TJ), where the zonulin protein holds an important place. Zonulin, an unprocessed precursor of mature haptoglobin, is the only physiological modulator of intercellular TJ that can reversibly regulate the permeability of the intestinal (IB) and blood-brain (BBB) barriers in the human body. BBB disruption and altered microbiota composition are associated with many diseases, including neurological disorders and neuroinflammation. That is, there is a gut-brain axis (GBA) — a communication system through which the brain modulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and vice versa. GBA is based on neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms that are interconnected at the organismal, organ, cellular, and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
| | - O.K. Legina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu Y, Peng X, Li X, Li D, Tan Z, Yu R. Sex hormones influence the intestinal microbiota composition in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964847. [PMID: 36386696 PMCID: PMC9659915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone secretion difference is one of the main reasons for sexually dimorphic traits in animals, which affects the dimorphism of the intestinal microbiota; however, their interaction is still unknown. Intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) and intestinal luminal content microbiota (LM) belong to two different habitats according to the difference in interactions between bacteria and host intestinal epithelium/nutrients. To clarify the sexually dimorphic characteristics of MAM and LM and their correlation with sex hormones, 12 specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice from the same nest were fed separately according to sex. After 8 weeks, samples from the male intestinal mucosa group (MM group), the female intestinal mucosa group (FM group), the male intestinal content group (MC group), and the female intestinal content group (FC group) were collected and then, the next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene was performed. Our results showed that the sexual dimorphism of MAM was more obvious than that of LM and the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Turicibacter, and Parasutterella was significantly higher in the FM group than in the MM group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Next, we measured the level of serum sex hormones in mice and calculated the correlation coefficient between major bacteria and sex hormones. The results showed that the correlation between MAM and sex hormones was more prominent, and finally, three bacterial genera (Muribaculaceae, Turicibacter, and Parasutterella) were obtained, which could better represent the relationship between sexual dimorphism and sex hormones. The abundance of Parasutterella is positively and negatively correlated with estradiol and testosterone (T), respectively, which may be related to the differences in the metabolism of bile acid and glucose. A decrease in the abundance of Turicibacter is closely related to autism. Our results show that the abundance of Turicibacter is negatively and positively correlated with T and estradiol, respectively, which can provide a hint for the prevalence of male autism. In conclusion, it is proposed in our study that intestinal microbiota is probably the biological basis of physiological and pathological differences due to sex, and intestinal MAM can better represent the sexual dimorphism of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martinez EE, Mehta NM, Fasano A. The Zonulin Pathway as a Potential Mediator of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critical Illness. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:e424-e428. [PMID: 35543388 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enid E Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Nilesh M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
An J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Fan R, Hu X, Zhang F, Yang J, Chen J. The Role of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871713. [PMID: 35844539 PMCID: PMC9284064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases involving multiple tissues and organs, characterized by the over production of abnormal multiple antibodies. Although most studies support that the impaired immune balance participates in the development of autoimmune diseases, the specific pathogenesis of it is not fully understood. Intestinal immunity, especially the intestinal mucosal barrier has become a research hotspot, which is considered to be an upstream mechanism leading to the impaired immune balance. As an important defense barrier, the intestinal mucosal barrier regulates and maintains the homeostasis of internal environment. Once the intestinal barrier function is impaired under the effect of multiple factors, it will destroy the immune homeostasis, trigger inflammatory response, and participate in the development of autoimmune diseases in the final. However, the mechanism of the intestinal mucosal barrier how to regulate the homeostasis and inflammation is not clear. Some studies suggest that it maintains the balance of immune homeostasis through the zonulin pathway, intestinal microbiome, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Our review focused on the composition and the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to describe the research progress of it in regulating the immune homeostasis and inflammation, and also pointed that the intestinal mucosal barrier was the potential targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia An
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee C, Liang F, Lee I, Lu T, Shan Y, Jeng C, Zou Y, Yu H, Chen (Alen) S. External light‐dark cycle shapes gut microbiota through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52316. [PMID: 35476894 PMCID: PMC9171413 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are involved in many physiological functions such as metabolism, brain development, and neurodegenerative diseases. Many microbes in the digestive tract do not maintain a constant level of their relative abundance but show daily oscillations under normal conditions. Recent evidence indicates that chronic jetlag, constant darkness, or deletion of the circadian core gene can alter the composition of gut microbiota and dampen the daily oscillation of gut microbes. However, the neuronal circuit responsible for modulating gut microbiota remained unclear. Using genetic mouse models and 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis, we find that light-dark cycle information transmitted by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is essential for daily oscillations of gut microbes under temporal restricted high-fat diet conditions. Furthermore, aberrant light exposure such as dim light at night (dLAN) can alter the composition, relative abundance, and daily oscillations of gut microbiota. Together, our results indicate that external light-dark cycle information can modulate gut microbiota in the direction from the brain to the gut via the sensory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Chan Lee
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - I‐Chi Lee
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Hao Lu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Yau Shan
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Fan Jeng
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yan‐Fang Zou
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hon‐Tsen Yu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Kuo Chen (Alen)
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guan W, Song X, Yang S, Zhu H, Li F, Li J. Observation of the Gut Microbiota Profile in BALB/c Mice Induced by Plasmodium yoelii 17XL Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858897. [PMID: 35432291 PMCID: PMC9009211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent malaria caused by Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (Py 17XL) is an ideal animal model for human malaria studies. Although the gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of infectious diseases, the gut microbiota associated with Py 17XL infection remains unclear. In the current study, the gut microbiota composition of infected BALB/c mice was surveyed. Mouse fecal samples were collected at 0, 2, 5 days post-infection (dpi), and the gut microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 634 ± 26 on average. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were typically predominant in the gut microbiota composition at the phylum level. Compared with the Ctrl, Firmicutes was significantly decreased after infection, while Bacteroidetes was notably increased. The most dominant family was Lactobacillaceae in all samples. The alpha diversity index showed that compared with that of the Ctrl, the observed OTU number was decreased at 2 dpi and then slightly increased at 5 dpi. LEfSe analysis revealed several bacterial taxa were notably related to Py-infected mice at the phylogenetic level. Several bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus, were overrepresented in the Py-infected fecal microbiota at 2 dpi, while Muribaculaceae was overrepresented at 5 dpi. Moreover, Alistipes and Helicobacter were overrepresented at 5 dpi compared with 2 dpi. The results indicated Py infection could alter the gut microbiota composition of mice. Besides, biomarkers could serve as direct targets to elucidate their roles in the progression and pathogenesis of malaria and provide insights into studies of antimalarial drugs and malaria vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaonan Song
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuguo Yang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huiyin Zhu
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Li,
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Jian Li,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
[Progress of Research on the Relationship between Lung Microbiome and Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:40-45. [PMID: 35078284 PMCID: PMC8796131 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota plays an important role in the biological functions of the human body and is associated with various disease states such as inflammation (gastritis, hepatitis) and cancer (stomach, cervical, liver). The Human Microbiome Project painted a panorama of human microorganisms in its first phase, incorporating body parts such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, intestine, vagina and skin, while the lungs were considered a sterile environment. However, studies in recent years have confirmed the presence of a rich microbial community in the lung, and the association of this lung microbiota with lung disease has become a hot topic of research. Current research has found that patients with lung cancer have a specific microbiota compared to healthy individuals or patients with lung disease. Even in patients with lung cancer, a lung microbiota specific to the tumor site is present. In addition, different pathological types and metastatic status of lung cancer can lead to differences in microbiota. Mechanistic studies have found that the lung microbiota may influence lung cancer development by affecting the immune response. Clinical studies on lung microbiota and immunotherapy are still in the preliminary stage. More relevant studies are needed in the future to provide high-quality evidence to further understand the oncogenic mechanisms of lung microbiota and provide new ideas for clinical treatment. This paper briefly reviews the progress of lung microbiota research in terms of its relevance to lung cancer, possible molecular mechanisms and applications in clinical treatment, and provides an outlook for future research.
.
Collapse
|
22
|
Novel role of zonulin in the pathophysiology of gastro-duodenal transit: a clinical and translational study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22462. [PMID: 34789790 PMCID: PMC8599512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between zonulin and gastric motility in critical care patients and a translational mouse model of systemic inflammation. Gastric motility and haptoglobin (HP) 2 isoform quantification, proxy for zonulin, were examined in patients. Inflammation was triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in C57Bl/6 zonulin transgenic mouse (Ztm) and wildtype (WT) mice as controls, and gastro-duodenal transit was examined by fluorescein-isothiocyanate, 6 and 12 h after LPS-injection. Serum cytokines and zonulin protein levels, and zonulin gastric-duodenal mRNA expression were examined. Eight of 20 patients [14 years, IQR (12.25, 18)] developed gastric dysmotility and were HP2 isoform-producing. HP2 correlated with gastric dysmotility (r = − 0.51, CI − 0.81 to 0.003, p = 0.048). LPS injection induced a time-dependent increase in IL-6 and KC-Gro levels in all mice (p < 0.0001). Gastric dysmotility was reduced similarly in Ztm and WT mice in a time-dependent manner. Ztm had 16% faster duodenal motility than WT mice 6H post-LPS, p = 0.01. Zonulin mRNA expression by delta cycle threshold (dCT) was higher in the stomach (9.7, SD 1.4) than the duodenum (13.9, SD 1.4) 6H post-LPS, p = 0.04. Serum zonulin protein levels were higher in LPS-injected mice compared to vehicle-injected animals in a time-dependent manner. Zonulin correlated with gastric dysmotility in patients. A mouse model had time-dependent gastro-duodenal dysmotility after LPS-injection that paralleled zonulin mRNA expression and protein levels.
Collapse
|
23
|
Miranda-Ribera A, Serena G, Liu J, Fasano A, Kingsbury MA, Fiorentino MR. The Zonulin-transgenic mouse displays behavioral alterations ameliorated via depletion of the gut microbiota. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2000299. [PMID: 34775911 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis hypothesis suggests that interactions in the intestinal milieu are critically involved in regulating brain function. Several studies point to a gut-microbiota-brain connection linking an impaired intestinal barrier and altered gut microbiota composition to neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation. Increased gut permeability allows luminal antigens to cross the gut epithelium, and via the blood stream and an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) enters the brain impacting its function. Pre-haptoglobin 2 (pHP2), the precursor protein to mature HP2, is the first characterized member of the zonulin family of structurally related proteins. pHP 2 has been identified in humans as the thus far only endogenous regulator of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions (TJs). We have leveraged the Zonulin-transgenic mouse (Ztm) that expresses a murine pHP2 (zonulin) to determine the role of increased gut permeability and its synergy with a dysbiotic intestinal microbiota on brain function and behavior. Here we show that Ztm mice display sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities accompanied by altered gene expression of BBB TJs and increased expression of brain inflammatory genes. Antibiotic depletion of the gut microbiota in Ztm mice downregulated brain inflammatory markers ameliorating some anxiety-like behavior. Overall, we show that zonulin-dependent alterations in gut permeability and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota are associated with an altered BBB integrity, neuroinflammation, and behavioral changes that are partially ameliorated by microbiota depletion. Our results suggest the Ztm model as a tool for the study of the cross-talk between the microbiome/gut and the brain in the context of neurobehavioral/neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jundi Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcy A Kingsbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Lurie Center for Autism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria R Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang J, Yu P, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Shifts in diversity and function of bacterial community during manufacture of Rushan. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12375-12393. [PMID: 34482971 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rushan is a traditional dairy product consumed by the Bai people in the Yunnan Province of China, and its production still follows the traditional procedure of backslopping. However, how the microbial composition of raw materials and processing shape the microorganisms in Rushan have not been systemically reported. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technique was applied to analyze the microbial compositions of raw milk, fresh Rushan, curd whey, acid whey, and dry Rushan at the phylum, family, genus, and Lactobacillus species levels. The results indicated that Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were dominant genera in Rushan, whereas Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Lactobacillus helveticus were the 2 abundant species at the Lactobacillus species level. The network analysis indicated that raw milk mainly contributed to the microbial diversity of Rushan, whereas acid whey made a great contribution to shaping the relative abundance of microbes in Rushan and dramatically increased acid-producing genera, such as Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. The variation in microbial composition led to an increase in the relative abundance of pathways related to energy supply, acid production, fatty acid accumulation, cysteine, methionine, and lysine accumulation. The volatile profile of Rushan was rich in esters and acids, and the high relative abundance of Lactobacillus might be associated with reduction of amino acid metabolism, degradation of unpleasant flavored xylene, and accumulation of decanoic, dodecanoic, and tetradecanoic acids in the products. The accumulation of medium long-chain fatty acids might result from the relative abundance of FabF, FabZ, and FabI, particularly from Lactobacillus amylolyticus and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Massier L, Chakaroun R, Kovacs P, Heiker JT. Blurring the picture in leaky gut research: how shortcomings of zonulin as a biomarker mislead the field of intestinal permeability. Gut 2021; 70:1801-1802. [PMID: 33037053 PMCID: PMC8355880 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at Leipzig University and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Takakuwa H, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Trans Fatty Acid Intake Induces Intestinal Inflammation and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669672. [PMID: 33995404 PMCID: PMC8117213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Many nutritional and epidemiological studies have shown that high consumption of trans fatty acids can cause several adverse effects on human health, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of trans fatty acids on innate immunity in the gut by observing mice fed with a diet high in trans fatty acids, which have been reported to cause dysbiosis. Methods We used C57BL6/J mice and fed them with normal diet (ND) or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) or high-trans fatty acid, high-sucrose diet (HTHSD) for 12 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the mice stool samples, in addition to flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and lipidomics analysis of the mice serum and liver samples. RAW264.7 cells were used for the in vitro studies. Results Mice fed with HTHSD displayed significantly higher blood glucose levels and advanced fatty liver and intestinal inflammation, as compared to mice fed with HFHSD. Furthermore, compared to mice fed with HFHSD, mice fed with HTHSD displayed a significant elevation in the expression of CD36 in the small intestine, along with a reduction in the expression of IL-22. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the populations of ILC1s and T-bet-positive ILC3s in the lamina propria in mice fed with HTHSD. Finally, the relative abundance of the family Desulfovibrionaceae, which belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria, was significantly higher in mice fed with HFHSD or HTHSD, than in mice fed with ND; between the HFHSD and HTHSD groups, the abundance was slightly higher in the HTHSD group. Conclusions This study revealed that compared to saturated fatty acid intake, trans fatty acid intake significantly exacerbated metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takakuwa
- Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Sales Department, Life Science and Applied Markets Group, Agilent Technologies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens, food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into the body. Disruption of the epithelial barrier increases intestinal permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports have suggested that LGS contributes to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. Furthermore, the gut commensal microbiota plays a critical role in regulating host immunity; abnormalities of the microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are observed in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, the pathological links among intestinal dysbiosis, LGS, and autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the current understanding of how commensal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by modifying the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan,International Research and Developmental Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Koji Hase,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kinashi Y, Hase K. Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673708. [PMID: 33968085 PMCID: PMC8100306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens, food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into the body. Disruption of the epithelial barrier increases intestinal permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports have suggested that LGS contributes to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. Furthermore, the gut commensal microbiota plays a critical role in regulating host immunity; abnormalities of the microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are observed in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, the pathological links among intestinal dysbiosis, LGS, and autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the current understanding of how commensal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by modifying the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Developmental Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
D'Avino P, Serena G, Kenyon V, Fasano A. An updated overview on celiac disease: from immuno-pathogenesis and immuno-genetics to therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:269-284. [PMID: 33472447 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1880320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. While presenting many similarities with other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is unique in that the external trigger, gluten, and the genetic background necessary for disease development (HLA DQ2/DQ8) are well described. The prevalence of celiac disease is dramatically increasing over the years and new epidemiologic data show changes regarding age of onset and symptoms. A better understanding of CD-pathogenesis is fundamental to highlight the reasons of this rise of celiac diagnoses. AREAS COVERED In this review we describe CD-pathogenesis by dissecting all the components necessary to lose tolerance to gluten (ingestion of gluten, genetic predisposition, loss of barrier function and immune response). Additionally, we also highlight the role that microbiome plays in celiac disease as well as new proposed therapies and experimental tools. EXPERT OPINION Prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing around the world. As a result, modern society is strongly impacted by a social and economic burden. Given the unique characteristics of celiac disease, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the factors that contribute to it may shed light on other autoimmune diseases for which external trigger and genetic background are not known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Avino
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Kenyon
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chicco F, Magrì S, Cingolani A, Paduano D, Pesenti M, Zara F, Tumbarello F, Urru E, Melis A, Casula L, Fantini MC, Usai P. Multidimensional Impact of Mediterranean Diet on IBD Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 32440680 PMCID: PMC7737160 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition with the accumulation of fat tissue and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are conditions associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Visceral fat and NAFLD-related liver dysfunction can both worsen intestinal inflammation. Because the Mediterranean diet (Md) has been shown to ameliorate both obesity and NAFLD, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of Md on the nutritional state, liver steatosis, clinical disease activity, and quality of life (QoL) in IBD patients. METHODS Patients with IBD, both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), followed Md for 6 months. Their body mass index (BMI), body tissue composition, liver steatosis and function, serum lipid profile, clinical disease activity, and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin) were collected at baseline (T0) and compared with those obtained after 6 months (T180) to evaluate the impact of Md. RESULTS One hundred forty-two IBD patients, 84 UC and 58 CD, followed Md for 6 months. At T180, diet-adherent CD and UC improved BMI (UC -0.42, P = 0.002; CD -0.48, P = 0.032) and waist circumference (UC -1.25 cm, P = 0.037; CD -1.37 cm, P = 0.041). Additionally, the number of patients affected by liver steatosis of any grade was significantly reduced in both groups (UC T0 31 of 84 [36.9%] vs T180 18 of 84 [21.4%], P = 0.0016; CD T0 27 of 58 [46.6%] vs T180 18 of 58 [31.0%], P < 0.001) after dietary intervention. Finally, after 6 months of the diet, fewer UC and CD patients with stable therapy had active disease (UC T0 14 of 59 [23.7%] vs T180 4 of 59 [6.8%], P = 0.004; CD T0 9 of 51 [17.6%] vs T180 2 of 51 [3.0%], P = 0.011) and elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Mediterranean diet improved QoL in both UC and CD, but neither serum lipid profile nor liver function were modified by the diet. CONCLUSIONS A significant reduction of malnutrition-related parameters and liver steatosis was observed in both CD and UC patients after short-term dietary intervention based on the adoption of Md, and this was associated with a spontaneous improvement of disease activity and inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Chicco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magrì
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arianna Cingolani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danilo Paduano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Pesenti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Zara
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Tumbarello
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Urru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Casula
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; Presidio Policlinico of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Seo KH, Kim DH, Yokoyama WH, Kim H. Synbiotic Effect of Whole Grape Seed Flour and Newly Isolated Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13131-13137. [PMID: 32124605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of intestinal microbiota by synbiotic action of pre- and probiotics may confer health benefits to the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to analyze intestinal microbiota in feces, and the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria was correlated with physiological data from a prior study of a synbiotic combination of flavonoid-rich wine grape seed flour (WGF) and two newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in diet-induced obese mice. The combination of WGF and LAB enhanced observed operational taxonomic units and Chao1 index compared to WGF alone, indicating an increase in the microbial community richness. The combination significantly enhanced abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Nocardia coeliaca and their abundance had an inverse relationship with body weight gain and adipose weight. In conclusion, the synbiotic effects of WGF and LAB on improvement of high-fat-diet-induced obesity are strongly linked to remodeling intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Wallace H Yokoyama
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jauregi-Miguel A. The tight junction and the epithelial barrier in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:105-132. [PMID: 33707052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers are essential to maintain multicellular organisms well compartmentalized and protected from external environment. In the intestine, the epithelial layer orchestrates a dynamic balance between nutrient absorption and prevention of microorganisms, and antigen intrusion. Intestinal barrier function has been shown to be altered in coeliac disease but whether it contributes to the pathogenesis development or if it is merely a phenomenon secondary to the aberrant immune response is still unknown. The tight junction complexes are multiprotein cell-cell adhesions that seal the epithelial intercellular space and regulate the paracellular permeability of ions and solutes. These structures have a fundamental role in epithelial barrier integrity as well as in signaling mechanisms that control epithelial-cell polarization, the formation of apical domains and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. In coeliac disease, the molecular structures and function of tight junctions appear disrupted and are not completely recovered after treatment with gluten-free diet. Moreover, zonulin, the only known physiological regulator of the tight junction permeability, appears augmented in autoimmune conditions associated with TJ dysfunction, including coeliac disease. This chapter will examine recent discoveries about the molecular architecture of tight junctions and their functions. We will discuss how different factors contribute to tight junction disruption and intestinal barrier impairment in coeliac disease. To conclude, new insights into zonulin-driven disruption of tight junction structures and barrier integrity in coeliac disease are presented together with the advancements in novel therapy to treat the barrier defect seen in pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ocáriz-Díez M, Cruellas M, Gascón M, Lastra R, Martínez-Lostao L, Ramírez-Labrada A, Paño JR, Sesma A, Torres I, Yubero A, Pardo J, Isla D, Gálvez EM. Microbiota and Lung Cancer. Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568939. [PMID: 33117698 PMCID: PMC7552963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in molecular biology and the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) have revealed that microbiome composition is closely related with health and disease, including cancer. This relationship affects different levels of cancer such as development, progression, and response to treatment including immunotherapy. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be influenced by the concomitant use of antibiotics before, during or shortly after treatment with ICIs. Nevertheless, the linking mechanism between microbiote, host immunity and cancer is not clear and the role of microbiota manipulation and analyses in cancer management has not been clinically validated yet. Regarding the use of microbiome as biomarker to predict ICI efficacy it has been recently shown that the use of biochemical serum markers to monitor intestinal permeability and loss of barrier integrity, like citrulline, could be useful to monitor microbiota changes and predict ICI efficacy. There are still many unknowns about the role of these components, their relationship with the microbiota, with the use of antibiotics and the response to immunotherapy. The next challenge in microbiome research will be to identify individual microbial species that causally affect lung cancer phenotypes and response to ICI and disentangle the underlying mechanisms. Thus, further analyses in patients with lung cancer receiving treatment with ICIs and its correlation with the composition of the microbiota in different organs including the respiratory tract, peripheral blood and intestinal tract could be useful to predict the efficacy of ICIs and its modulation with antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Ocáriz-Díez
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Gascón
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lastra
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Inmunology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Materials Science Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología (UNATI), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ramón Paño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Sesma
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Torres
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Yubero
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Network (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao X, Liu H, Wu Y, Hu N, Lei M, Zhang Y, Wang S. Intervention with the crude polysaccharides of Physalis pubescens L. mitigates colitis by preventing oxidative damage, aberrant immune responses, and dysbacteriosis. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2596-2607. [PMID: 32696986 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to investigate the mechanisms of action of an extract of crude polysaccharides (POL) from Physalis pubescens L. as a dietary intervention for colitis. Our results showed that the administration of POL prior to DSS-induced colitis protected the colon mucosal layer; maintained intestinal barrier integrity; alleviated oxidative damage; and lowered neutrophil infiltration by downregulating intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. More importantly, POL pretreatment reduced the expression of the proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby modulating the nuclear factor-κB/iNOS-COX-2 signal transduction pathway. In addition, POL reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis, accompanied by reducing the relative abundance of Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, and Erysipelatoclostridium. In conclusion, POL ameliorated DSS-induced intestinal injury in mice, indicating that POL could be a useful dietary nutrient to protect against colitis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Physalis pubescens L. is an edible fruit. The results of this study show that the intervention with Physalis pubescens L. crude polysaccharides may help prevent ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zonulin-Dependent Intestinal Permeability in Children Diagnosed with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071982. [PMID: 32635367 PMCID: PMC7399941 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, up to 20% of children and adolescents experience mental disorders, which are the leading cause of disability in young people. Research shows that serum zonulin levels are associated with increased intestinal permeability (IP), affecting neural, hormonal, and immunological pathways. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence from observational studies on IP in children diagnosed with mental disorders. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Web of Science identified 833 records. Only non-intervention (i.e., observational) studies in children (<18 years) diagnosed with mental disorders, including a relevant marker of intestinal permeability, were included. Five studies were selected, with the risk of bias assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Four articles were identified as strong and one as moderate, representing altogether 402 participants providing evidence on IP in children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In ADHD, elevated serum zonulin levels were associated with impaired social functioning compared to controls. Children with ASD may be predisposed to impair intestinal barrier function, which may contribute to their symptoms and clinical outcome compared to controls. Children with ASD, who experience gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms, seem to have an imbalance in their immune response. However, in children with OCD, serum zonulin levels were not significantly different compared to controls, but serum claudin-5, a transmembrane tight-junction protein, was significantly higher. A meta-analysis of mean zonulin plasma levels of patients and control groups revealed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), including the four studies evaluating the full spectrum of the zonulin peptide family. Therefore, further studies are required to better understand the complex role of barrier function, i.e., intestinal and blood–brain barrier, and of inflammation, to the pathophysiology in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review was PROSPERO preregistered, (162208).
Collapse
|
36
|
Wood Heickman LK, DeBoer MD, Fasano A. Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3309. [PMID: 32162764 PMCID: PMC7340576 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood-onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases. The small intestine barrier forms a tightly regulated interface of the immune system with the outside world and largely controls the mucosal immune response to non-self-antigens, dictating the balance between tolerance and immune response. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of the intercellular tight junctions, important in antigen trafficking, and therefore, is a key player in regulation of the mucosal immune response. While usually tightly controlled, when the zonulin pathway is dysregulated by changes in microbiome composition and function, antigen trafficking control is lost, leading to loss of mucosal tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals. The tenant of this hypothesis is that loss of tolerance would not occur if the zonulin-dependent intestinal barrier function is restored, thereby preventing the influence of environmental triggers in individuals genetically susceptible to autoimmunity. This review outlines the current research and a structured hypothesis on how a dysregulated small intestinal epithelial barrier, a "leaky gut," may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in certain individuals at risk of both T1D and celiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wood Heickman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu M, Wang F, Yang J, Li P, Yan D, Yang Y, Zhang W, Ren J, Zhang Z, Wang M. The responses of the gut microbiota to MBL deficiency. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:99-108. [PMID: 32330757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is a common innate immune system deficiency, and is associated with exacerbations and increased colonization of some pathogens. However, the response of the gut microbiota, a pivotal factor in host health, to MBL deficiency is not clear. In this study, MBL-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were generated by backcrossing from MBL-A and MBL-C knockout (KO) mice, and fecal samples were collected at different ages (4th, 8th, 12th, 19th and 27th weeks). The gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing with universal 16S rDNA primers (V3-V5 region). The results showed that structural segregation of the gut microbiota occurred at the 8th, 12th, 19th and 27th weeks of age, although there were no significant differences in alpha diversities between MBL-/- and WT mice at different ages. Impressively, in MBL-/- mice, Akkermansia (from the family Verrucomicrobiaceae) were decreased significantly, Lactobacillus (from the family Lactobacillaceae) abundances, Alistipes and Rikenella (both from the family of Rikenellaceae) were always enriched. Network analysis showed that more interactions existed in the gut microbiota from WT mice (33 nodes and 70 edges) than in the gut microbiota from MBL-/- mice (23 nodes and 40 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that the abundances of predicted genes in the "immune system disease", "metabolic disease" and "nucleotide metabolism" pathways were significantly increased in the MBL-/- mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that the gut microbiota changed in MBL deficient mice, especially at ages older than 4 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Fanping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Puze Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zheng Y, Gou X, Zhang L, Gao H, Wei Y, Yu X, Pang B, Tian J, Tong X, Li M. Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:360. [PMID: 32766169 PMCID: PMC7379170 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are a major subset of complementary and alternative medicine. They have been employed for the efficient clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for centuries. However, the related underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. It has been found out that microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of T2DM. An interplay between gut microbiota and host occurs mainly at the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. The host movements influence the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, whereas gut microbiota in turn modulate the metabolic and immunological activities of the host. Intestinal dysbiosis, endotoxin-induced metabolic inflammation, immune response disorder, bacterial components and metabolites, and decreased production of short-chain fatty acids are considered significant pathogenic mechanisms underlying T2DM. The interaction between gut microbiota and HMs during T2DM treatment has been investigated in human, animal, and in vitro studies. HMs regulate the composition of beneficial and harmful bacteria and decrease the inflammation caused by gut microbiota. Furthermore, the metabolism of gut microbiota modulates HM biotransformation. In this review, we have summarized such research findings, with the aim to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic mechanisms of HMs in T2DM and to provide new insights into specific targeted HM-based therapies and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjia Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxing Tian
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaolin Tong
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Min Li
| |
Collapse
|