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Goh RCW, Maharajan MK, Gopinath D, Fang CM. The Therapeutic Effects of Probiotic on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Lupus Mice Models: A Systematic Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10297-1. [PMID: 38806966 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the beneficial immunomodulatory effects of probiotics can reduce inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, there is no summary of the existing evidence available. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of probiotics on SLE in a lupus mouse model by examining various markers, including inflammatory cytokines, Treg cells, disease activity, and gut microbiota. A systematic search was conducted using three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) to identify animal studies that reported the therapeutic benefits of probiotics against SLE. Data extracted from the selected articles were qualitatively synthesized. The SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Out of a total of 3205 articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Probiotic strains, quantities, and routes of administration varied among the studies. The treatment ranged from 8 to 47 weeks. Probiotic strains such as L. fermentum CECT5716, L. casei B255, L. reuteri DSM 17509, L. plantarum LP299v, and L. acidophilus can significantly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, and IFN-γ) levels while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 and Treg cells. Probiotics also delay the production of autoantibodies, thus prolonging the remission period, decreasing flare frequency, and delaying disease progression. Furthermore, probiotic administration prevents gut dysbiosis, increases intestinal stability, and prevents pathogen colonization. In conclusion, probiotics can be considered a new alternative therapeutic approach for the management of SLE. Further clinical studies are required to investigate and validate the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Chaeh-Wen Goh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mari Kannan Maharajan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
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Gu X, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang K, Tian Y, Wang X, Xu G, Guo Z, Ahmad S, Egide H, Liu J, Li J, Savelkoul HFJ, Zhang J, Wang X. The antioxidant activity and metabolomic analysis of the supernatant of Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8413. [PMID: 38600137 PMCID: PMC11006861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Strain-specific probiotics can present antioxidant activity and reduce damage caused by oxidation. Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM (S. alactolyticus strain FGM) isolated from the chicken cecum shows potential probiotic properties which have been previously demonstrated. However, the antioxidant properties of S. alactolyticus strain FGM remain unknown. In this view, cell-free supernatant (CFS), intact cells (IC) and intracellular extracts (CFE) of strain FGM and 3 strains of Lactobacillus (LAB) were prepared, and their scavenging capacities against DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory were compared in this study. The effects of strain FGM cell-free supernatant (FCFS) on NO production, activity of SOD and GSH-Px in RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were analyzed. The metabolites in the supernatant were quantitated by N300 Quantitative Metabolome. It was shown that the physicochemical characteristics of CFS to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory were significantly stronger than that of IC and CFE in the strain FGM (P < 0.05), respectively 87.12% ± 1.62, 45.03% ± 1.27, 15.63% ± 1.34. FCFS had a promotional effect on RAW264.7 cells, and significantly elevated SOD and GSH-Px activities in RAW264.7 cells. 25 μL FCFS significantly promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, increased the activities of SOD and GSH-PX, and decreased the release of NO. Furthermore, among the differential metabolites of FCFS quantified by N300, 12 metabolites were significantly up-regulated, including lactic acid, indole lactic acid, linoleic acid, pyruvic acid etc., many of which are known with antioxidant properties. In conclusion, FCFS had good antioxidant properties and activity, which can be attributed to metabolites produced from strain FGM fermentation. It was further confirmed that S. alactolyticus strain FGM and its postbiotic have potential probiotic properties and bright application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Gu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yuhu Tian
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Guowei Xu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Saad Ahmad
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hanyurwumutima Egide
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Liu C, Qi X, Liu X, Sun Y, Mao K, Shen G, Ma Y, Li Q. Anti-inflammatory probiotics HF05 and HF06 synergistically alleviate ulcerative colitis and secondary liver injury. Food Funct 2024; 15:3765-3777. [PMID: 38506656 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Given the limited efficacy and adverse effects associated with conventional drugs, probiotics are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating the chronic nature of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its consequential secondary liver injury (SLI). Limosilactobacillus fermentum HF06 and Lactiplatibacillus plantarum HF05 are strains we screened with excellent anti-inflammatory and probiotic properties in vitro. In this study, the intervention of HF06 and HF05 in combination (MIXL) was found to be more effective in alleviating intestinal inflammation and secondary liver injury in UC mice compared to supplementing with the two strains individually. Results demonstrated that MIXL effectively attenuated colon shortening and weight loss, downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in the intestines, mitigated SLI, and augmented the enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the liver. MIXL enhances the intestinal barrier in UC mice, regulates the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, promotes the abundance of Lactobacillus, and suppresses the abundance of bacteria associated with inflammation and liver injury, including Clostridium_Sensu_Stricto_1, Escherichia, Shigella, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Desulfovibrio, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae. This study demonstrated the synergistic effect of HF06 and HF05, providing a reliable foundation for the alleviation of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofen Qi
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Kaidong Mao
- Jiangsu HOWYOU Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qidong, China
| | - Guiqi Shen
- Jiangsu HOWYOU Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qidong, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingming Li
- New Hope Dairy Company Limited, China.
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for High-quality Dairy Product Preparation and Quality Control Technology, China
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Junaid M, Lu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Din AU, Qi Z, Xiong Y, Yan J. Novel Synergistic Probiotic Intervention: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Ameliorative Effects on Immunity, Gut Barrier, and Metabolism of Mice during Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:435. [PMID: 38674370 PMCID: PMC11050207 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), a prevalent cause of foodborne infection, induces significant changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. The lack of therapeutics with minimal or no side effects prompts the scientific community to explore alternative therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a probiotic mixture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum 9513) against S. typhimurium, utilizing transcriptome and metabolomic analyses, a novel approach that has not been previously documented. Twenty-four SPF-BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control negative group (CNG); positive control group (CPG); probiotic-supplemented non-challenged group (LAPG); and probiotic-supplemented Salmonella-challenged group (LAPST). An RNA-sequencing analysis of small intestinal (ileum) tissue revealed 2907 upregulated and 394 downregulated DEGs in the LAPST vs. CPG group. A functional analysis of DEGs highlighted their significantly altered gene ontology (GO) terms related to metabolism, gut integrity, cellular development, and immunity (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAPST group were primarily involved in pathways related to gut integrity, immunity, and metabolism, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, the tryptophan metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and others. Additionally, the fecal metabolic analysis identified 1215 upregulated and 305 downregulated metabolites in the LAPST vs. CPG group, implying their involvement in KEGG pathways including bile secretion, propanoate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which are vital for maintaining barrier integrity, immunity, and metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the administration of a probiotic mixture improves immunity, maintains gut homeostasis and barrier integrity, and enhances metabolism in Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yixiang Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animals Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
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Gul S, Durante-Mangoni E. Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1436. [PMID: 38592298 PMCID: PMC10935031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of probiotic-containing products are on the market, and their use is increasing. Probiotics are thought to support the health of the gut microbiota, which in turn might prevent or delay the onset of gastrointestinal tract disorders. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological illnesses are among the conditions that have been shown to possibly benefit from probiotics. In addition to their ability to favorably affect diseases, probiotics represent a defense system enhancing intestinal, nutritional, and oral health. Depending on the type of microbial strain utilized, probiotics can have variable beneficial properties. Although many microbial species are available, the most widely employed ones are lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The usefulness of these bacteria is dependent on both their origin and their capacity to promote health. Probiotics represent a valuable clinical tool supporting gastrointestinal health, immune system function, and metabolic balance. When used appropriately, probiotics may provide benefits such as a reduced risk of gastrointestinal disorders, enhanced immunity, and improved metabolic health. Most popular probiotics, their health advantages, and their mode of action are the topic of this narrative review article, aimed to provide the reader with a comprehensive reappraisal of this topic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Gul
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Unit of Infectious & Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli—Ospedale Monaldi, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Sun W, Zhou T, Ding P, Guo L, Zhou X, Long K. Bibliometric analysis of intestinal microbiota and lung diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347110. [PMID: 38426014 PMCID: PMC10902173 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests a close association between the intestinal microbiome and the respiratory system, drawing attention to studying the gut-lung axis. This research employs bibliometric methods to conduct a visual analysis of literature in the field of intestinal microbiota and lung diseases over the past two decades. It offers scientific foundations for research directions and critical issues in this field. Methods We retrieved all articles on intestinal microbiota and lung diseases from the SCI-Expanded of WoSCC on October 25, 2023. The analysis included original articles and reviews published in English from 2011 to 2023. We utilized Python, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace to analyze the retrieved data visually. Results A total of 794 publications were analyzed. China ranked first in the number of publications, while the United States had the highest citations and H-index. Jian Wang was the most prolific author. Zhejiang University was the institution with the highest number of publications. Frontiers in Microbiology was the journal with the most publications. Author keywords appearing more than 100 times included "intestinal microbiota/microbiome", "microbiota/microbiome", and "gut-lung axis". Conclusion The correlation and underlying mechanisms between intestinal microbiota and lung diseases, including asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and respiratory infections, remain hot topics in research. However, understanding the mechanisms involving the gut-lung axis is still in its infancy and requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuxue Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlan Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Liang X, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang H, Ma Y, Liang H, Zhang Z. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis F1-7 Alleviates Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Mice via Modulating Bile Acid Metabolites to Downregulate Intestinal FXR. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2585-2597. [PMID: 38285537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunction of intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism is related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study we explored the mechanism of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis F1-7 (Bif. animalis F1-7), improving atherosclerosis by regulating the bile acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in the ApoE-/- mice. The Bif. animalis F1-7 effectively reduced aortic plaque accumulation and improved the serum and liver lipid levels in atherosclerotic mice. The untargeted metabolomics revealed that Bif. animalis F1-7 reduced the glycine-conjugated bile acids and the levels of differential metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) significantly. Downregulation of LCA decreased the intestinal levels of the farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) and regulated the bile acid metabolism through the FXR/FGF15/CYP7A1 pathway. Furthermore, the 16srRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that structural changes in intestinal microbiota with an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Desulfovibrio, and a decrease in Dubosiella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Turicibacter following the Bif. animalis F1-7 intervention. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in intestinal microbiota mentioned above were significantly correlated with bile acid metabolism in atherosclerotic mice. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the mechanisms by which Bif. animalis F1-7 regulates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Xiumei Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Yiqing Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, Shandong China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong China
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Wang H, Wang Y. What Makes the Gut-Lung Axis Working? From the Perspective of Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:8640014. [PMID: 38274122 PMCID: PMC10810697 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8640014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have proved that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of various lung diseases and can interact with the diseased lung. The concept of the gut-lung axis (GLA) provides a new idea for the subsequent clinical treatment of lung diseases through human microbiota. This review aims to summarize the microbiota in the lung and gut and the interaction between them from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Method We conducted a literature search by using the search terms "GLA," "gut microbiota," "spleen," and "Chinese medicine" in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. We then explored the mechanism of action of the gut-lung axis from traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Results The lung and gut microbiota enable the GLA to function through immune regulation, while metabolites of the gut microbiota also play an important role. The spleen can improve the gut microbiota to achieve the regulation of the GLA. Conclusion Improving the gut microbiota through qi supplementation and spleen fortification provides a new approach to the clinical treatment of lung diseases by regulating the GLA. Currently, our understanding of the GLA is limited, and more research is needed to explain its working principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Skoufou M, Tsigalou C, Vradelis S, Bezirtzoglou E. The Networked Interaction between Probiotics and Intestine in Health and Disease: A Promising Success Story. Microorganisms 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38258020 PMCID: PMC10818559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known to promote human health either precautionary in healthy individuals or therapeutically in patients suffering from certain ailments. Although this knowledge was empirical in past tomes, modern science has already verified it and expanded it to new limits. These microorganisms can be found in nature in various foods such as dairy products or in supplements formulated for clinical or preventive use. The current review examines the different mechanisms of action of the probiotic strains and how they interact with the organism of the host. Emphasis is put on the clinical therapeutic use of these beneficial microorganisms in various clinical conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and particularly any malfunction and inflammation of the intestines seriously compromise the health of the whole organism. The interaction between the probiotic strains and the host's microbiota can alleviate the clinical signs and symptoms while in some cases, in due course, it can intervene in the underlying pathology. Various safety issues of the use of probiotics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skoufou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.)
- Proctology Department, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stergios Vradelis
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.)
- Department of Gastrenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Kaur H, Ali SA, Short SP, Williams CS, Goettel JA, Washington MK, Peek RM, Acra SA, Yan F. Identification of a functional peptide of a probiotic bacterium-derived protein for the sustained effect on preventing colitis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2264456. [PMID: 37815528 PMCID: PMC10566403 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2264456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several probiotic-derived factors have been identified as effectors of probiotics for exerting beneficial effects on the host. However, there is a paucity of studies to elucidate mechanisms of their functions. p40, a secretory protein, is originally isolated from a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Thus, this study aimed to apply structure-functional analysis to define the functional peptide of p40 that modulates the epigenetic program in intestinal epithelial cells for sustained prevention of colitis. In silico analysis revealed that p40 is composed of a signal peptide (1-28 residues) followed by a coiled-coil domain with uncharacterized function on the N-terminus, a linker region, and a β-sheet domain with high homology to CHAP on the C-terminus. Based on the p40 three-dimensional structure model, two recombinant p40 peptides were generated, p40N120 (28-120 residues) and p40N180 (28-180 residues) that contain first two and first three coiled coils, respectively. Compared to full-length p40 (p40F) and p40N180, p40N120 showed similar or higher effects on up-regulating expression of Setd1b (encoding a methyltransferase), promoting mono- and trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1/3), and enhancing Tgfb gene expression and protein production that leads to SMAD2 phosphorylation in human colonoids and a mouse colonic epithelial cell line. Furthermore, supplementation with p40F and p40N120 in early life increased H3K4me1, Tgfb expression and differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon, and mitigated disruption of epithelial barrier and inflammation induced by DSS in adult mice. This study reveals the structural feature of p40 and identifies a functional peptide of p40 that could maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cell and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah P. Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sari A. Acra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Fusco A, Perfetto B, Savio V, Chiaromonte A, Torelli G, Donnarumma G, Baroni A. Regulatory Ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Human Skin Health by Counteracting In Vitro Malassezia furfur Effects. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1153. [PMID: 38132754 PMCID: PMC10744525 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the first barrier against pathogen attacks, thanks to its multifunctional microbial community. Malassezia furfur is a commensal organism of normal cutaneous microflora but is also a cause of skin diseases. It acts on different cell pattern recognition receptors (TLRs, AhR, NLRP3 inflammasome) leading to cellular damage, barrier impairment, and inflammatory cytokines production. Lactobacillus spp. Is an endogenous inhabitant of healthy skin, and studies have proven its beneficial role in wound healing, skin inflammation, and protection against pathogen infections. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the ability of live Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to interfere with the harmful effects of the yeast on human keratinocytes (HaCat) in vitro. To enable this, the cells were treated with M. furfur, either alone or in the presence of L. plantarum. To study the inflammasome activation, cells require a stimulus triggering inflammation (LPS) before M. furfur infection, with or without L. plantarum. L. plantarum effectively counteracts all the harmful strategies of yeast, reducing the phospholipase activity, accelerating wound repair, restoring barrier integrity, reducing AhR and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and, consequently, releasing inflammatory cytokines. Although lactobacilli have a long history of use in fermented foods, it can be speculated that they can also have health-promoting activities when topically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Brunella Perfetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Vittoria Savio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Adriana Chiaromonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanna Torelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (V.S.); (A.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Adone Baroni
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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12
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Alsholi DM, Yacoub GS, Rehman AU, Ullah H, Khan AI, Deng T, Siddiqui NZ, Alioui Y, Farooqui NA, Elkharti M, Li Y, Wang L, Xin Y. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Improving Intestinal Inflammation. Pathogens 2023; 12:1340. [PMID: 38003804 PMCID: PMC10674506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LBS) is a well-documented probiotic strain in oncology and has a pivotal role in clinical applications. Here, we have investigated the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on intestinal mucositis induced by cisplatin (CP) and explored the underlying mechanisms targeting inflammatory proteins, as well as the histological changes in the intestinal tissue of mice, in addition, the bacterial strains that may be related to the health-enhancing properties. BALB/c mice were pre-treated with or without LBS via oral gavage, followed by mucositis induction with cisplatin. Our results revealed that the LBS-treated groups significantly attenuated proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to the CP group. Furthermore, LBS mitigated the damaged tight junction integrity caused by CP via up-regulating the levels of claudin, occludin, ZO-1, and mucin-2 protein (MUC-2). Finally, the 16S rRNA fecal microbiome genomic analysis showed that LBS administration enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria, i.e., Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae, while the relative abundance of the opportunistic bacteria Bacteroides and Proteobacteria decreased. Collectively, LBS was found to beneficially modulate microbial composition structure and functions and enrich the ecological diversity in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa M. Alsholi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Ghazi Suleiman Yacoub
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Ata Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Nimra Zafar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Yamina Alioui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Nabeel Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
| | - Maroua Elkharti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (D.M.A.); (A.U.R.); (H.U.); (A.I.K.); (T.D.); (N.Z.S.); (Y.A.); (N.A.F.)
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13
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Chathuranga K, Shin Y, Uddin MB, Paek J, Chathuranga WAG, Seong Y, Bai L, Kim H, Shin JH, Chang YH, Lee JS. The novel immunobiotic Clostridium butyricum S-45-5 displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo by inducing immune modulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242183. [PMID: 37881429 PMCID: PMC10595006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is known as a probiotic butyric acid bacterium that can improve the intestinal environment. In this study, we isolated a new strain of C. butyricum from infant feces and evaluated its physiological characteristics and antiviral efficacy by modulating the innate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The isolated C. butyricum S-45-5 showed typical characteristics of C. butyricum including bile acid resistance, antibacterial ability, and growth promotion of various lactic acid bacteria. As an antiviral effect, C. butyricum S-45-5 markedly reduced the replication of influenza A virus (PR8), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. This suppression can be explained by the induction of antiviral state in cells by the induction of antiviral, IFN-related genes and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, oral administration of C. butyricum S-45-5 exhibited prophylactic effects on BALB/c mice against fatal doses of highly pathogenic mouse-adapted influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H9N2). Before challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed increased levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12 in serum, the small intestine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which correlated with observed prophylactic effects. Interestingly, after challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and relatively higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines at day 7 post-infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that C. butyricum S-45-5 plays an antiviral role in vitro and in vivo by inducing an antiviral state and affects immune modulation to alleviate local and systemic inflammatory responses caused by influenza virus infection. Our study provides the beneficial effects of the new C. butyricum S-45-5 with antiviral effects as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Shin
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jayoung Paek
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yebin Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Bai
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Kim
- Research and Development Division, Vitabio, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Chang
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Yuan C, He Y, Xie K, Feng L, Gao S, Cai L. Review of microbiota gut brain axis and innate immunity in inflammatory and infective diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282431. [PMID: 37868345 PMCID: PMC10585369 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and communication mode of MGB axis is crucial for understanding its role in diseases, and studying the signaling pathways and regulatory methods of MGB axis regulation in diseases is also of profound significance for future clinical research. This article reviews the composition, communication mechanism of MGB axis and its role in inflammatory and infective diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, our investigation delved into the regulatory functions of the inflammasome, IFN-I, NF-κB, and PARK7/DJ-1 innate immune signaling pathway in the context of inflammatory and infective diseases. Ultimately, we discussed the efficacy of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, in the management of inflammatory and infective diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of the MGB axis might make positive effects in the treatment of inflammatory and infective diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kunyu Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shouyang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lifu Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Khan MN, Bashir S, Imran M. Probiotic characterization of Bacillus species strains isolated from an artisanal fermented milk product Dahi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:757-769. [PMID: 37055653 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dahi, an artisanal fermented milk product, widely consumed in Pakistan, is microbiologically diverse, and many bacterial communities await investigation. The current study is first to present probiotic assessment of Bacillus species strains isolated from dahi. Based on 49 identified strains assessed, only 6 strains, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis QAUBL19, QAUBL1901, and QAUBL1902; Bacillus mycoides QAUBM19 and QAUBM1901; and Bacillus subtilis QAUBSS1 were having prominent persistence in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids, being non-hemolytic, with no DNase activity. Probiotic characteristics, cholesterol-assimilating, and carbohydrate-fermenting capabilities were assessed for all the strains. These six strains each showed variant cholesterol assimilating abilities. B. licheniformis QAUBL19 retaining most desired probiotic traits presented both notable cholesterol assimilating and bile salt hydrolase activities. It can be used as a probiotic of choice with hypocholesterolemia ability. B. subtilis QAUBSS1 showed wide carbohydrate fermentation ability and strongest antibacterial potential. It is likely to be considered a probiotic for living beings and starter culture for fermentation of food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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16
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Ramachandran G, Pottakkat B, Basu S, Mohan P. Effect of probiotics on nutritional status, biochemical parameters, and disease severity in cirrhotic patients referred for liver transplantation-A randomised double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:703-710. [PMID: 37739726 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotics have been shown to be effective in many diseases. However, their effects on the nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis is uncertain. AIM We aimed to study the effect of probiotics on nutritional status, biochemical parameters, and liver disease severity in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from July 2021-October 2022. A total of 215 patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation were enrolled and randomised to two groups to receive either probiotics (VSL#3, Sun Pharma, India, 112.5 billion colony-forming units (cfu) containing eight strains of bacteria) or placebo (corn starch filled capsules), two capsules/day for six weeks. Nutritional assessment was done, and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS Nutritional assessment parameters like body mass index (p = 0.001), triceps skin fold thickness (p = 0.011), muscle strength (p = 0.007) and subjective global assessment scores (p < 0.000) showed a positive trend in the probiotic group. Probiotic intake also significantly downregulated direct bilirubin levels (p = 0.043) and increased albumin levels compared to baseline, but other biochemical parameters remained unchanged. Child Turcotte Pugh score also decreased significantly compared to pre therapy (p = 0.0001). These changes were not observed in the placebo group. Moreover, probiotic VSL#3 supplementation was safe and well-tolerable without any adverse events in patients with cirrhosis. CONCLUSION Probiotic VSL#3 supplementation improved the nutritional status, reduced the severity of liver disease and was safe and tolerable in patients with cirrhosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ctri.nic.in (CTRI/2021/07/034917).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulapriya Ramachandran
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Biju Pottakkat
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Sharbari Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Pazhanivel Mohan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
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17
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Castro-López C, Romero-Luna HE, García HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Key Stress Response Mechanisms of Probiotics During Their Journey Through the Digestive System: A Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1250-1270. [PMID: 36001271 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The survival of probiotic microorganisms during their exposure to harsh environments plays a critical role in the fulfillment of their functional properties. In particular, transit through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered one of the most challenging habitats that probiotics must endure, because of the particularly stressful conditions (e.g., oxygen level, pH variations, nutrient limitations, high osmolarity, oxidation, peristalsis) prevailing in the different sections of the GIT, which in turn can affect the growth, viability, physiological status, and functionality of microbial cells. Consequently, probiotics have developed a series of strategies, called "mechanisms of stress response," to protect themselves from these adverse conditions. Such mechanisms may include but are not limited to the induction of new metabolic pathways, formation/production of particular metabolites, and changes of transcription rates. It should be highlighted that some of such mechanisms can be conserved across several different strains or can be unique for specific genera. Hence, this review attempts to review the state-of-the-art knowledge of mechanisms of stress response displayed by potential probiotic strains during their transit through the GIT. In addition, evidence whether stress responses can compromise the biosafety of such strains is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Haydee E Romero-Luna
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Reserva Territorial s/n Sección 5, Santa Bárbara, Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, 91096, México
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación Y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México.
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18
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Yang Q, Wu Z. Gut Probiotics and Health of Dogs and Cats: Benefits, Applications, and Underlying Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2452. [PMID: 37894110 PMCID: PMC10609632 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pets (mostly domestic dogs and cats) play an important role in the daily lives of humans and their health has attracted growing attention from pet owners. The intestinal microbiota, a complex microbial community with barrier-protective, nutritional, metabolic, and immunological functions, is integral to host health. Dysbiosis has been related to a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Probiotics have been used in functional foods and dietary supplements to modulate intestinal microbiota and promote host health, which has been introduced in pet dogs and cats in recent years. Various canine- and feline-derived probiotic strains have been isolated and characterized. The administration of probiotics has shown positive effects on the gut health and can alleviate some intestinal diseases and disorders in dogs and cats, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the benefits of probiotics and discuss their possible mechanisms in dogs and cats in order to provide new insights for the further development and application of probiotics in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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19
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Jensen BAH, Heyndrickx M, Jonkers D, Mackie A, Millet S, Naghibi M, Pærregaard SI, Pot B, Saulnier D, Sina C, Sterkman LGW, Van den Abbeele P, Venlet NV, Zoetendal EG, Ouwehand AC. Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101190. [PMID: 37683651 PMCID: PMC10518632 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential of human gut microbiota imprinting, including probiotic engraftment at biological sensible niches. Here, we provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Belgium & Ghent University, Department Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, B-9090 Melle, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sam Millet
- Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Simone Isling Pærregaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe BV, 1332 Almere, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Naomi Vita Venlet
- International Life Science Institute, European Branch, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rahman MS, Emon DD, Toma MA, Nupur AH, Karmoker P, Iqbal A, Aziz MG, Alim MA. Recent advances in probiotication of fruit and vegetable juices. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:522-537. [PMID: 37969792 PMCID: PMC10636081 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live bacteria beneficial to health when consumed adequately. Health professionals now recommend probiotics on regular diets due to their positive effects on human health. The probiotics that are usually consumed from the market through food products are mostly dairy-based. Fruit and vegetables are gaining popularity as preferred matrices for probiotic carriers to the human body, owing to their high cholesterol content and the lactose intolerance of dairy products. On the other hand, fruits and vegetable juices are rich in nutrient content such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants and do not contain a starter culture that can compete with the nutrients. The probiotication of fruit and vegetable juices (apple, carrot, citrus fruit, pome-granate, watermelon, tomato, and pineapple) are performing as efficient probiotic bacteria carriers. This review covers the previous works that highlighted the variety of probiotic fruit and vegetable juices as well as the viability of each probiotic in various products after proper fermentation and storage. In addition, physicochemical and sensory changes that occurred during the processing and storage period have been discussed. Furthermore, strategies (microencapsulation, adding prebiotics, antioxidant addition, maintaining optimum pH, temperature, adaptation with resistance, and good packaging) to improve the stability of probiotic bacteria are outlined, as it is difficult to maintain the stability of probiotic bacteria during storage. Finally, the manuscript discusses the effect of probiotic fruit and vegetable juices on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydar Rahman
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Dwip Das Emon
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Afroz Toma
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Asmaul Husna Nupur
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Poly Karmoker
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Gulzarul Aziz
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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21
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Heldner A, Heath MD, Schnautz B, Kotz S, Chaker A, Kramer MF, Jakwerth CA, Zissler UM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Blank S. Ex Vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus-, Lacticaseibacillus-, and Bifidobacterium-Containing Synbiotics on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Context of Grass Pollen Allergy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:868-879. [PMID: 35113319 PMCID: PMC10393851 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of the intestinal microbiota by the host immune system is important to induce protective immune responses. Hence, modification of the gut microbiota might be able to prevent or treat allergies, mediated by proinflammatory Th2 immune responses. The aim was to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of the synbiotics Pollagen® and Kallergen®, containing the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium, in the context of grass pollen allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen-allergic patients and healthy controls were stimulated with grass pollen extract (GPE) and synbiotics and Gata3 expression and cytokine secretion analyzed. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) cells were matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, co-cultured with autologous naïve T cells and maturation markers and cytokine secretion analyzed. GPE stimulation of PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients resulted in a significant higher production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 compared to healthy controls. Gata3+CD4+ T cell induction was independent of the allergic status. The synbiotics promoted IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and downregulated the GPE-induced Th2-like phenotype. Co-culturing naïve T cells with MoDCs, matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, shifted the GPE-induced Th2 cytokine release towards Th1-Th17-promoting conditions in allergic subjects. The investigated synbiotics are effective in downregulating the GPE-induced Th2 immune response in PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients as well as in autologous MoDC-T cell stimulation assays. In addition to increased IL-10 release, the data indicates a shift from a Th2- to a more Th1- and Th17-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heldner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kotz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutics PLC, Worthing, UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Zou X, Pan L, Xu M, Wang X, Wang Q, Han Y. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus sakei L-7 in regulating gut microbiota and metabolism. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127438. [PMID: 37399653 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that gut microbiota is inextricably linked to host health and disease,so we are committed to finding more probiotic resources that are beneficial to human health. This study evaluated the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus sakei L-7 isolated from home-made sausages. The basic probiotic properties of L. sakei L-7 were evaluated through in vitro tests. The strain showed 89% viability after 7 h of digestion in simulating gastric and intestinal fluid. The hydrophobicity, self-aggregation and co-aggregation of L. sakei L-7 showed it had a strong adhesion ability. C57BL/6 J mice were fed L. sakei L-7 for 4 weeks. 16 S rRNA gene analysis indicated that intake of L. sakei L-7 increased the richness of gut microbiota and abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Allobaculum and Parabacteroides. Metabonomics analysis revealed that beneficial metabolite gamma-aminobutyric acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly. While the level of metabolite sphingosine and arachidonic acid significantly decreased. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)- 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly decreased. The results suggested that L. sakei L-7 may promote gut health and reduce the occurrence of inflammatory response, it has the potential to become a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China.
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23
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Liu ZS, Chen PW. Featured Prebiotic Agent: The Roles and Mechanisms of Direct and Indirect Prebiotic Activities of Lactoferrin and Its Application in Disease Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:2759. [PMID: 37375663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, and lactoferricin is a peptide derived from LF hydrolysate. Both LF and lactoferricin (LFcin) have diverse functions that could benefit mammals. Bovine LF (BLF) and BLFcin exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial activities, but most probiotic strains are relatively resistant to their antibacterial effects. BLF and BLF hydrolysate can promote the growth of specific probiotics depending on the culture conditions, the dose of BLF or BLF-related peptides, and the probiotic strains used. BLF supplementation has been shown to modulate several central molecular pathways or genes in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG under cold conditions, which may explain the prebiotic roles of BLF. LF alone or in combination with selected probiotics can help control bacterial infections or metabolic disorders, both in animal studies and in human clinical trials. Various LF-expressing probiotics, including those expressing BLF, human LF, or porcine LF, have been developed to facilitate the combination of LFs with specific probiotics. Supplementation with LF-expressing probiotics has positive effects in animal studies. Interestingly, inactivated LF-expressing probiotics significantly improved diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a mouse model. This review highlights the accumulated evidence supporting the use of LF in combination with selected LF-resistant probiotics or LF-expressing probiotics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
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24
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Ma T, Yang N, Xie Y, Li Y, Xiao Q, Li Q, Jin H, Zheng L, Sun Z, Zuo K, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Lu N, Liu W. Effect of the probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9, on chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106755. [PMID: 37019193 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal condition associated with intestinal inflammation, and the condition considerably impairs patients' quality of life. We conducted a large-scale 42-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of probiotics in alleviating CC. 163 patients diagnosed with CC (following Rome IV criteria) were randomly divided into probiotic (n = 78; received Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 [P9]; 1×1011 CFU/day) and placebo (n = 85; received placebo material) groups. Ingesting P9 significantly improved the weekly mean frequency of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) and spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), while significantly reducing the level of worries and concerns (WO; P < 0.05). Comparing with the placebo group, P9 group was significantly enriched in potentially beneficial bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Ruminococcus_B gnavus), while depriving of several bacterial and phage taxa (Oscillospiraceae sp., Lachnospiraceae sp., and Herelleviridae; P < 0.05). Interesting significant correlations were also observed between some clinical parameters and subjects' gut microbiome, including: negative correlation between Oscillospiraceae sp. and SBMs; positive correlation between WO and Oscillospiraceae sp., Lachnospiraceae sp. Additionally, P9 group had significantly (P < 0.05) more predicted gut microbial bioactive potential involved in the metabolism of amino acids (L-asparagine, L-pipecolinic), short-/medium-chain fatty acids (valeric acid and caprylic acid). Furthermore, several metabolites (p-cresol, methylamine, trimethylamine) related to the intestinal barrier and transit decreased significantly after P9 administration (P < 0.05). In short, the constipation relief effect of P9 intervention was accompanied by desirable changes in the fecal metagenome and metabolome. Our findings support the notion of applying probiotics in managing CC.
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Feed additives of bacterial origin as an immunoprotective or imunostimulating factor. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since January 2006 when using antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed have been banned scientists are looking for the best resolution to apply alternative substances. Extensive research into the health-promoting properties of probiotics and prebiotics has led to significant interest in the mechanisms of action of the combined administration of these feed additives as a synbiotic. Subsequent research has led to the development of new products. Among the most important health benefits of additives are, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the GI tract, maintenance of homeostasis, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and increase in immunity. Specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action are not well understood and the effect is not always positive, though there are no reports of adverse effects of these substances found in the literature. For this reason, research is still being conducted on their proper application. However, due to the difficulties of carrying out research on humans, evidence of the beneficial effect of these additives comes mainly from experiments on animals. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as well as new additives including postbiotics, proteobiotics, nutribiotics, and pharmabiotics, on specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action, increase in immunity, the reduction of a broad spectrum of diseases.
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Di Stefano M, Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Mauceri R, Troiano G, Lo Giudice A, Romano A, Mascitti M, Isola G. A Reciprocal Link between Oral, Gut Microbiota during Periodontitis: The Potential Role of Probiotics in Reducing Dysbiosis-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021084. [PMID: 36674600 PMCID: PMC9867370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human body is colonized by a florid microbial community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, helminths, and viruses, known as microbiota, which co-evolves with the host and influences its health through all stages of its life. It is well known that oral microorganisms form highly structurally and functionally organized multi-species biofilms and establish a network of complex mutual inter-species interactions having a primary function in synergy, signaling, or antagonism. This ecological model allows the microorganisms to increase their resistance to antimicrobial agents and settle a balanced microbes-host symbiotic relationship that ensures oral and global health status in humans. The host-associated microbiome is an important factor in human health and disease. Therefore, to develop novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies, microbiome's functions and the reciprocal interactions every microbiome entertains with other microbial communities in the human body are being investigated. This review provides an analysis of the literature about the close connection between the two largest microbial communities in humans: the oral and the gut microbiomes. Furthermore, it focuses on how the alteration of their microbial and functional characteristics can lead to and reciprocally influence the onset of both oral and intestinal microbiome-associated illness, along with the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating inflammation and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Stefano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.I.)
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Schalich K, Rajagopala S, Das S, O’Connell R, Yan F. Intestinal epithelial cell-derived components regulate transcriptome of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1051310. [PMID: 36687654 PMCID: PMC9846326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide the frontline responses to the gut microbiota for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Our previous work revealed that IEC-derived components promote the beneficial effects of a commensal and probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effects of IEC-derived components on LGG at the molecular level. Methods Differential gene expression in LGG cultured with IEC-derived components at the timepoint between the exponential and stationary phase was studied by RNA sequencing and functional analysis. Results The transcriptomic profile of LGG cultured with IEC-derived components was significantly different from that of control LGG, with 231 genes were significantly upregulated and 235 genes significantly down regulated (FDR <0.05). The Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the predominant genes enriched by IEC-derived components are involved in nutrient acquisition, including transporters for amino acids, metals, and sugars, biosynthesis of amino acids, and in the biosynthesis of cell membrane and cell wall, including biosynthesis of fatty acid and lipoteichoic acid. In addition, genes associated with cell division and translation are upregulated by IEC-derived components. The outcome of the increased transcription of these genes is supported by the result that IEC-derived components significantly promoted LGG growth. The main repressed genes are associated with the metabolism of amino acids, purines, carbohydrates, glycerophospholipid, and transcription, which may reflect regulation of metabolic mechanisms in response to the availability of nutrients in bacteria. Discussion These results provide mechanistic insight into the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Schalich
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seesandra Rajagopala
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ryan O’Connell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Fang Yan,
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Thompson SC, Ford AL, Moothedan EJ, Stafford LS, Garrett TJ, Dahl WJ, Conesa A, Gonzalez CF, Lorca GL. Identification of food and nutrient components as predictors of Lactobacillus colonization. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118679. [PMID: 37153913 PMCID: PMC10160632 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 42 healthy individuals conducted with Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 found that the probiotic's mechanistic tryptophan pathway was significantly modified when the data was stratified based on the individuals' lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stool content. These results suggest that confounding factors such as dietary intake which impact stool LAB content may affect the response to the probiotic treatment. Using dietary intake, serum metabolite, and stool LAB colony forming unit (CFU) data from a previous clinical trial, the relationships between diet, metabolic response, and fecal LAB were assessed. The diets of subject groups with high vs. low CFUs of LAB/g of wet stool differed in their intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids, vegetables, proteins, and dairy. Individuals with high LAB consumed greater amounts of cheese, fermented meats, soy, nuts and seeds, alcoholic beverages, and oils whereas individuals with low LAB consumed higher amounts of tomatoes, starchy vegetables, and poultry. Several dietary variables correlated with LAB counts; positive correlations were determined for nuts and seeds, fish high in N-3 fatty acids, soy, and processed meats, and negative correlations to consumption of vegetables including tomatoes. Using machine learning, predictors of LAB count included cheese, nuts and seeds, fish high in N-3 fatty acids, and erucic acid. Erucic acid alone accurately predicted LAB categorization, and was shown to be utilized as a sole fatty acid source by several Lactobacillus species regardless of their mode of fermentation. Several metabolites were significantly upregulated in each group based on LAB titers, notably polypropylene glycol, caproic acid, pyrazine, and chondroitin sulfate; however, none were correlated with the dietary intake variables. These findings suggest that dietary variables may drive the presence of LAB in the human gastrointestinal tract and potentially impact response to probiotic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C. Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda L. Ford
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elijah J. Moothedan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lauren S. Stafford
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendy J. Dahl
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research CouncilValencia, Spain
| | - Claudio F. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Graciela L. Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Graciela L. Lorca,
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He X, Ye G, Xu S, Chen X, He X, Gong Z. Effects of three different probiotics of Tibetan sheep origin and their complex probiotics on intestinal damage, immunity, and immune signaling pathways of mice infected with Clostridium perfringens type C. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177232. [PMID: 37138630 PMCID: PMC10149710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep have unique intestinal microorganisms in their intestines that are adapted to the highland alpine and anoxic environment. To further clarify the probiotic properties of Tibetan sheep-derived probiotics, we selected three Tibetan sheep-derived probiotic isolates (Enterococcus faecalis EF1-mh, Bacillus subtilis BS1-ql, and Lactobacillus sakei LS-ql) to investigate the protective mechanisms of monocultures and their complex strains against Clostridium perfringens type C infection in mice. We established a model of C. perfringens type C infection and used histology and molecular biology to analyze the effects and mechanisms of different probiotic treatments on mice after C. perfringens type C infection. After supplementation with either probiotics or complex probiotics, mice were improved in terms of weight reduction and reduced the levels of cytokines in serum and increased the levels of intestinal sIgA, and supplementation with complex probiotics was effective. In addition, both probiotic and complex probiotic supplementation effectively improved the damage of intestinal mucosa and spleen tissue. The relative expressions of Muc 2, Claudin-1, and Occludin genes were increased in the ileum. The three probiotics and the compound probiotics treatment significantly reduced the relative mRNA expression of toll-like/MyD88/NF-κB/MAPK. The effect of probiotic treatment was similar to the results of engramycin treatment, but the effect of engramycin treatment on intestinal sIgA was not significant. Our results clarify the immunomodulatory effects of the three probiotic isolates and the complex probiotics on C. perfringens infection, and the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB68S Improves Cognitive Functions in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010051. [PMID: 36615708 PMCID: PMC9824790 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) on cognitive functions among healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required to consume either a sachet of probiotic (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as an inclusion screening tool to screen elderly participants with healthy cognitive function in our study, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function in subjects before and after intervention as an assessment tool. BB68S significantly improved subjects’ cognitive functions (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points after intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory domains. BB68S intervention increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those of bacteria related to cognition impairment, such as Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella. In conclusion, BB68S could improve cognitive functions in healthy elderly adults without cognitive impairment, along with having beneficial regulatory effects on their gut microbiota. This study supports probiotics as a strategy to promote healthy aging and advances cognitive aging research.
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Effects of Fermentation on the Physicochemical Properties and Aroma of Lamb Liver Paste. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic fermentation of lamb liver paste is a new method with which to utilize sheep by-products and address the issue of waste. In this study, a pH meter, chromaticity meter, texture analyzer, and gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) were used to determine various indicators. The objective was to investigate the effect of fermentation on the physical properties and aroma of lamb liver paste. The results showed that the L* (brightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) of the samples were significantly higher in the starter fermentation group than in the other two groups after storage for 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (p < 0.05). In addition, cohesiveness, adhesion, and chewiness were lower in the starter fermentation group after 7 days (p < 0.05). TVB-N and fat were lower in the starter fermentation group compared to the sterilization group at 28 days. pH was significantly lower in the starter fermentation group at the beginning of storage, and lactic acid bacteria numbers were significantly higher than in the sterilization groups (p < 0.05). Important aroma compounds, such as 2-undecenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and anethole, were significantly higher in the starter fermentation group than in the sterilization group (p < 0.05). Fermented lamb liver paste is a new by-product that exhibits a high degree of freshness and a low degree of fat oxidation during storage. This study provides a theoretical basis for future industrial production.
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Lee D, Lee VMY, Hur SK. Manipulation of the diet-microbiota-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042865. [PMID: 36408394 PMCID: PMC9672822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies investigating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have identified various interdependent constituents contributing to the exacerbation of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, glial inflammation, and the eventual loss of proper neural plasticity. Recently, using various models and human patients, another key factor has been established as an influential determinant in brain homeostasis: the gut-brain axis. The implications of a rapidly aging population and the absence of a definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease have prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools, of which gut-modulatory therapies targeting the gut-brain axis have shown promise. Yet multiple recent studies examining changes in human gut flora in response to various probiotics and environmental factors are limited and difficult to generalize; whether the state of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or both through numerous feedback loops in the gut-brain axis, remains unclear. However, preliminary findings of longitudinal studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean diets, as preventative measures for Alzheimer's disease by reversing neuroinflammation, modifying the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and addressing gut dysbiosis. Conversely, the consumption of Western diets intensifies the progression of Alzheimer's disease through genetic alterations, impaired barrier function, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to support the growing body of experimental and clinical data highlighting specific probiotic strains and particular dietary components in preventing Alzheimer's disease via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Middleton High School, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seong Kwon Hur
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li Q, Li N, Cai W, Xiao M, Liu B, Zeng F. Fermented natural product targeting gut microbiota regulate immunity and anti-inflammatory activity: A possible way to prevent COVID-19 in daily diet. J Funct Foods 2022; 97:105229. [PMID: 36034155 PMCID: PMC9393180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low immune function makes the body vulnerable to being invaded by external bacteria or viruses, causing influenza and inflammation of various organs, and this trend is shifting to the young and middle-aged group. It has been pointed out that natural products fermented by probiotic have benign changes about their active ingredients in some studies, and it have shown strong nutritional value in anti-oxidation, anti-aging, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory and improving immunity. In recent years, the gut microbiota plays a key role and has been extensively studied in improving immunity and anti-inflammation activity. By linking the relationship between natural products fermented by probiotic, gut microbiota, immunity, and inflammation, this review presents the modulating effects of probiotics and their fermented natural products on the body, including immunity-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating gut microbiota, and it is discussed that the current understanding of its molecular mechanisms. It may become a possible way to prevent COVID-19 through consuming natural products fermented by probiotic in our daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancen Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Yunes RA, Poluektova EU, Belkina TV, Danilenko VN. Lactobacilli: Legal Regulation and Prospects for New Generation Drugs. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022; 58:652-664. [PMID: 36164404 PMCID: PMC9492457 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The global probiotics industry has been undergoing major changes in recent years. Approaches to finding and creating new probiotics, as well as a paradigm of their use in food, medicine, and pharmacology are changing. The catalyst proved to be the increasing popularity and availability of omics technologies, in particular, metagenomic studies of human and animal microbiomes. However, the efficiency and safety of drugs based on probiotic strains, as well as their marketing rates, largely depend on the levels of legal and technical regulation in the field. The present review discusses the aspects of legal regulation in Russia, the European Union and the United States, along with the advantages and disadvantages of probiotics and postbiotics. A consensus is emerging that postbiotics have a number of advantages over classical live probiotic cultures. The review also focuses on the lactobacilli family, which includes the largest number of probiotic strains studied so far and still holds a leading position among probiotics. On the legislative front, Russia is often ahead of its time with adopting such laws as the Federal Law No. 492-FZ on biosecurity, which defined the concept of human and animal microbiota and set forth legislative guidelines for its preservation. The new field of research referred to as microbiome nutrigenomics aims to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Yunes
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. U. Poluektova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T. V. Belkina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Idrees M, Imran M, Atiq N, Zahra R, Abid R, Alreshidi M, Roberts T, Abdelgadir A, Tipu MK, Farid A, Olawale OA, Ghazanfar S. Probiotics, their action modality and the use of multi-omics in metamorphosis of commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959941. [PMID: 36185680 PMCID: PMC9523698 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the strategic formulation of human probiotics and allows the reader to walk along the journey that metamorphoses commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. It recapitulates what are probiotics, their history, and the main mechanisms through which probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host. It articulates how a given probiotic preparation could not be all-encompassing and how each probiotic strain has its unique repertoire of functional genes. It answers what criteria should be met to formulate probiotics intended for human use, and why certain probiotics meet ill-fate in pre-clinical and clinical trials? It communicates the reasons that taint the reputation of probiotics and cause discord between the industry, medical and scientific communities. It revisits the notion of host-adapted strains carrying niche-specific genetic modifications. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the strategic development of target-based probiotics using host-adapted microbial isolates with known molecular effectors that would serve as better candidates for bioprophylactic and biotherapeutic interventions in disease-susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Idrees
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Maryam Idrees, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6948-841X
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naima Atiq
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabaab Zahra
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Abid
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Mousa Alreshidi,
| | - Tim Roberts
- Metabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdelmuhsin Abdelgadir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Shakira Ghazanfar,
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Štofilová J, Kvaková M, Kamlárová A, Hijová E, Bertková I, Guľašová Z. Probiotic-Based Intervention in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Conventional and New Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2236. [PMID: 36140337 PMCID: PMC9496552 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are number of available therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients are unresponsive to these treatments or experience secondary failure during treatment. Thus, the development of new therapies or alternative strategies with minimal side effects is inevitable. Strategies targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota have been tested in the management of UC due to the unquestionable role of gut microbiota in the etiology of UC. Advanced molecular analyses of gut microbiomes revealed evident dysbiosis in UC patients, characterized by a reduced biodiversity of commensal microbiota. Administration of conventional probiotic strains is a commonly applied approach in the management of the disease to modify the gut microbiome, improve intestinal barrier integrity and function, and maintain a balanced immune response. However, conventional probiotics do not always provide the expected health benefits to a patient. Their benefits vary significantly, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the strain and dose of the probiotics administered. Their mechanism of action is also strain-dependent. Recently, new candidates for potential next-generation probiotics have been discovered. This could bring to light new approaches in the restoration of microbiome homeostasis and in UC treatment in a targeted manner. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the current options of probiotic-based therapies, highlight the effective conventional probiotic strains, and outline the future possibilities of next-generation probiotic and postbiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štofilová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
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Kaur H, Ali SA, Yan F. Interactions between the gut microbiota-derived functional factors and intestinal epithelial cells - implication in the microbiota-host mutualism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006081. [PMID: 36159834 PMCID: PMC9492984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutual interactions between the gut microbiota and the host play essential roles in maintaining human health and providing a nutrient-rich environment for the gut microbial community. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide the frontline responses to the gut microbiota for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to commensal bacterium-derived components as functional factors for the action of commensal bacteria, including protecting intestinal integrity and mitigating susceptibility of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, IECs have been found to communicate with the gut commensal bacteria to shape the composition and function of the microbial community. This review will discuss the current understanding of the beneficial effects of functional factors secreted by commensal bacteria on IECs, with focus on soluble proteins, metabolites, and surface layer components, and highlight the impact of IECs on the commensal microbial profile. This knowledge provides a proof-of-concept model for understanding of mechanisms underlying the microbiota-host mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Proteomics of Stem Cell and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Fang Yan,
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Peng K, Xia S, Xiao S, Yu Q. Short-chain fatty acids affect the development of inflammatory bowel disease through intestinal barrier, immunology, and microbiota: A promising therapy? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1710-1718. [PMID: 35906780 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal metabolites are attracting increasing interest, especially more and more studies have found they are closely related to diseases. Microbial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibers in the gut produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as the main product. SCFAs can exert influences on the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and mucosal barrier, immune reactions, and the diversity of microbiota in humans. Thus, alteration in SCFAs may affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In IBD, SCFAs are involved in the main pathogenic process and play an important role in the development of intestinal inflammation. Although many studies have proved that pretreatment with SCFAs can effectively ameliorate inflammation in the gut, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the relationship between SCFAs and IBD from the aspects of defense barrier, immune effects, and microbial alterations. We also summarize the effects of SCFAs on comorbidities in IBD via the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axis, and we give an overview of the prospects of their clinical application. A better understanding of the relevance of SCFAs in IBD may reveal novel targets for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Modulatory Impacts of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Rabbits’ Growth, Nutrient Transporters, Tight Junctions and Immune System to Fight against Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162082. [PMID: 36009671 PMCID: PMC9405287 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning is a crucial period associated with great stress and susceptibility to infection, implying adverse impacts on farmed rabbits’ production. Recently, probiotics have been provided as direct microbial feed supplements, which are considered the ideal antibiotic substitutes during pathogenic infections with an emphasis on promoting rabbits’ growth and modulating their immune functions. Therefore, our experiment was carried out to explore the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics (MSP) on rabbits’ growth, molecular aspects, such as nutrients transporters, cytokines, and intestinal integrity, and effectiveness against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection. Altogether, our findings proposed the beneficial consequences of MSP on rabbits’ growth, gut health, and immunity. After post-experimental infection of rabbits with L. monocytogenes, administration of MSP during the whole rearing period greatly reduced the detrimental impact of infection and consequently renovated efficient rabbits’ production. Abstract Multi-strain probiotics (MSP) are considered innovative antibiotics’ substitutes supporting superior gut health and immunity of farmed rabbits. The promising roles of MSP on performance, intestinal immunity, integrity and transporters, and resistance against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) were evaluated. In the feeding trial, 220 rabbits were fed a control diet or diet supplemented with three MSP graded levels. At 60 days of age, rabbits were experimentally infected with L. monocytogenes and the positive control, enrofloxacin, prophylactic MSP (MSPP), and prophylactic and therapeutic MSP (MSPTT) groups were included. During the growing period, MSP at the level of 1 × 108 CFU/kg diet (MSPIII) promoted the rabbits’ growth, upregulated the nutrient transporters and tight-junction-related genes, and modified cytokines expression. Supplementing MSPTT for L. monocytogenes experimentally-infected rabbits restored the impaired growth and intestinal barriers, reduced clinical signs of severity and mortalities, and attenuated the excessive inflammatory reactions. Notably, enrofloxacin decreased L. monocytogenes and beneficial microbial loads; unlike MSPTT, which decreased pathogenic bacterial loads and sustained the beneficial ones. Histopathological changes were greatly reduced in MSPTT, confirming its promising role in restricting L. monocytogenes translocation to different organs. Therefore, our results suggest the use of MSPTT as an alternative to antibiotics, thereby conferring protection for rabbits against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Balta I, Butucel E, Stef L, Pet I, Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru G, Chifiriuc C, Gundogdu O, McCleery D, Corcionivoschi N. Anti- Campylobacter Probiotics: Latest Mechanistic Insights. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:693-703. [PMID: 35905047 PMCID: PMC9595622 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat as the main route of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli Nissle, and Bifidobacterium species, have a great immunomodulatory capacity and exhibit antipathogenic effects through various molecular mechanisms. Reducing Campylobacter levels in livestock animals, such as poultry, will have a substantial benefit to humans as it will reduce disease transmissibility through the food chain. Moreover, probiotic-based strategies might attenuate intestinal inflammatory processes, which consequently reduce the severity of Campylobacter disease progression. At a molecular level, probiotics can also negatively impact on the functionality of various Campylobacter virulence and survival factors (e.g., adhesion, invasion), and on the associated colonization proteins involved in epithelial translocation. The current review describes recent in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical findings on probiotic therapies, aiming to reduce Campylobacter counts in poultry and reduce the pathogen's virulence in the avian and human host. Moreover, we focused in particular on probiotics with known anti-Campylobacter activity seeking to understand the biological mechanisms involved in their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Butucel
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
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Safety evaluation and anti-inflammatory activity of Lactobacillus johnsonii IDCC 9203 isolated from feces of breast-fed infants. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:470. [PMID: 35821151 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the safety of Lactobacillus johnsonii IDCC 9203 and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Genomic analysis revealed that this strain has no virulence and antibiotic resistance gene except tetW, which is a tetracycline resistance gene. Minimum inhibitory concentration data showed that the strain is resistant to tetracycline and aminoglycosides. Further analysis indicated that the transferability of the tetW gene is extremely low, and resistance to aminoglycosides is due to the intrinsic resistance of L. johnsonii IDCC 9203. Phenotypic safety assessment showed that the strain has neither β-hemolytic nor β-glucuronidase activity, and no biogenic amine production. When LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were treated with L. johnsonii IDCC 9203, the level of nitric oxide and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Therefore, L. johnsonii IDCC 9203 strain is considered as safe and beneficial probiotic for human consumption.
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Ma H, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Li L, Liu Y, Liu Y. Goat milk fermented with combined lactic acid bacterium alter microbial community structures and levels of the targeted short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine of mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Probiotics in Citrus Fruits Products: Health Benefits and Future Trends for the Production of Functional Foods—A Bibliometric Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091299. [PMID: 35564022 PMCID: PMC9103533 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between food and human health drives the search for knowledge of food components that are related to these benefits. The scientific community shows a growing interest in the knowledge of the interactions between components of citrus fruits and probiotics to develop ways to improve the quality of the food produced. In this bibliometric review, a study of scientific publications is carried out on the potential of probiotics in citrus fermentation, addressing the importance and future trends of plant-based products in the functional food group as an alternative to the dairy market. The review process of the articles initially took place with a bibliometric analysis and was followed by a literature review. The Scopus database was used in the search for articles, carried out in May 2021. The use of foods as carriers of probiotics is an alternative that has been growing and the surveys evaluated show the desire to diversify the probiotics available on the market. In addition, it was observed that citrus fruits have great potential for the development of functional foods due to their high acceptability and possibilities of development and application in various products.
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Simanenkov V, Maev I, Tkacheva O, Alekseenko S, Andreev D, Bakulina N, Bakulin I, Bordin D, Vlasov T, Vorobyeva N, Grinevich V, Gubonina I, Drobizhev M, Efremov N, Karateev A, Kotovskaya Y, Kravchuk I, Krivoborodov G, Kulchavenya E, Lila A, Maevskaya M, Nekrasova A, Poluektova E, Popkova T, Sablin O, Solovyeva O, Suvorov A, Tarasova G, Trukhan D, Fedotova A. Epithelial protective therapy in comorbid diseases. Practical Guidelines for Physicians. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:940-956. [PMID: 36286974 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2021 the first multidisciplinary National Consensus on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of Increased Epithelial Permeability Syndrome was published. The proposed guidelines are developed on the basis of this Consensus, by the same team of experts. Twenty-eight Practical Guidelines for Physicians statements were adopted by the Expert Council using the "delphic" method. Such main groups of epithelial protective drugs as proton pump inhibitors, bismuth drugs and probiotics are discussed in these Guidelines from the positions of evidence-based medicine. The clinical and pharmacological characteristics of such a universal epithelial protector as rebamipide, acting at the preepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial levels, throughout gastrointestinal tract, are presented in detail.
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Ionescu RF, Enache RM, Cretoiu SM, Cretoiu D. The Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:856901. [PMID: 35369298 PMCID: PMC8965857 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.856901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota contains microorganisms found on the skin, mucosal surfaces and in other tissues. The major component, the gut microbiota, can be influenced by diet, genetics, and environmental factors. Any change in its composition results in pathophysiological changes that can further influence the evolution of different conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The microbiome is a complex ecosystem and can be considered the metagenome of the microbiota. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are speculated to interact with the intestinal microbiota for modulating gene expressions of the host. miRNAs represent a category of small non-coding RNAs, consisting of approximately 22 nucleotides, which can regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level, by influencing the degradation of mRNA and modifying protein amounts. miRNAs display a multitude of roles, being able to influence the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Circulating miRNAs are stable against degradation, due to their enclosure into extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review aims to assess the current knowledge of the possible interactions between gut microbiota, miRNAs, and CVDs. As more scientific research is conducted, it can be speculated that personalized patient care in the future may include the management of gut microbiota composition and the targeted treatment against certain expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Mihai Enache
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Sanda Maria Cretoiu ;
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
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Li X, Wang Q, Hu X, Liu W. Current Status of Probiotics as Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:789063. [PMID: 35360101 PMCID: PMC8964067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.789063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role against infectious pathogens via their effects on the epithelium, the production of antimicrobial compounds, and competitive exclusion. Administration of probiotic supplements may reduce the risk of infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics, hence contributing to a reduction or a delay of the development of multi-resistant bacteria. Infection is a constant concern for people who experience recurrent infections, and antibiotic treatment usually fails due to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, an infection can lead to severe illness and hospitalization if left untreated. A growing number of studies have demonstrated promising results for a variety of probiotic strains used to prevent or treat acute and recurrent infectious diseases, but additional standardized clinical research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bioprospecting of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for cholesterol lowering and exopolysaccharide producing potential. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dibo M, Ventimiglia MS, Valeff N, Serradell MDLÁ, Jensen F. An overview of the role of probiotics in pregnancy-associated pathologies with a special focus on preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ouyang X, Duan H, Jin Q, Luo X, Han L, Zhao B, Li J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Shuang S, Huang C, He R, Yao Q, Xue Y, Guo S, Zhao J. Moxibustion may delay the aging process of Wistar rats by regulating intestinal microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112147. [PMID: 34810050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important treatments of health care and anti-aging in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), moxibustion has been proved to have the effects of scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation, reducing inflammatory reaction, regulating immunity and so on. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota affect the process of aging. The relationship between aging, moxibustion and intestinal microbiota is still unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) acupoint on intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and immunological characteristics of young and elder female Wistar rats to explore the relationship between aging, moxibustion and intestinal microbiota. Six 12-week-old female Wistar rats were young group (Y), and twelve 36-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into elder group (C) and moxibustion group (M). The rats in M group were received mild moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) acupoint, 20 min/d for 40 days. The rats in Y group and C group were not given any therapeutic intervention. The results showed that moxibustion increased the abundance of intestinal probiotics (mainly Lactobacillus) and the level of short chain fatty acids, the microcirculation blood flow around Guanyuan (RN4) acupoint was also significantly improved in elder rats. In addition, the expression of MyD88, MAPK, TRAF6, NF-κB in intestinal tissue was down-regulated, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal were decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Ouyang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoru Duan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Baixiao Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Chen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Shuang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui He
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Inshine Health Care Services Management Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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