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Olivas J, Nogueira C, Helble J, Starnbach MN. Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Induced during Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:328-338. [PMID: 38905023 PMCID: PMC11279525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection in both men and women. Immunity to C. trachomatis involves many cell types, but CD4+ T cells play a key role in protecting the host during natural infection. Specifically, IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells is the main effector responsible for bacterial clearance, yet the exact mechanism by which IFN-γ confers protection is poorly defined. In our efforts to define the specific mechanisms for bacterial clearance, we now show that IFN-γ upregulates expression of MHC class II (MHCII) on nonhematopoietic cells during C. trachomatis infection in vivo. We also find that MHCII expression on epithelial cells of the upper genital tract contributes to the efficient clearance of bacteria mediated by pathogen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells. As we further cataloged the protective mechanisms of C. trachomatis-specific CD4+ T cells, we found that the T cells also express granzyme B (GzmB) when coincubated with infected cells. In addition, during C. trachomatis infection of mice, primed activated-naive CD4+ Th1 cells displayed elevated granzyme transcripts (GzmA, GzmB, GzmM, GzmK, GzmC) compared with memory CD4+ T cells in vivo. Finally, using intracellular cytokine staining and a GzmB-/- mouse strain, we show that C. trachomatis-specific CD4+ Th1 cells express GzmB upon Ag stimulation, and that this correlates with Chlamydia clearance in vivo. Together these results have led us to conclude that Chlamydia-specific CD4+ Th1 cells develop cytotoxic capacity through engagement with nonhematopoietic MHCII, and this correlates to C. trachomatis clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Olivas
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caterina Nogueira
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Helble
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lee CR, Kim MJ, Park SH, Kim S, Kim SY, Koh SJ, Lee S, Choi M, Chae JH, Park SG, Moon J. Recurrent fever of unknown origin and unexplained bacteremia in a patient with a novel 4.5 Mb microdeletion in Xp11.23-p11.22. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17801. [PMID: 39090138 PMCID: PMC11294525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a formidable diagnostic challenge in the field of medicine. Numerous studies suggest an association between FUO and genetic factors, including chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we report a female patient with a 4.5 Mb Xp microdeletion, who presented with recurrent FUO, bacteremia, colitis, and hematochezia. To elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we employed a comprehensive approach involving single cell RNA sequencing, T cell receptor sequencing, and flow cytometry to evaluate CD4 T cells. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed augmented Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell populations, and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum. Notably, the patient exhibited impaired Treg cell function, possibly related to deletion of genes encoding FOPX3 and WAS. Single cell analysis revealed specific expansion of cytotoxic CD4 T lymphocytes, characterized by upregulation of various signature genes associated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated in the CD4 T effector memory cluster. Further genetic analysis confirmed maternal inheritance of the Xp microdeletion. The patient and her mother exhibited X chromosome-skewed inactivation, a potential protective mechanism against extensive X chromosome deletions; however, the mother exhibited complete skewing and the patient exhibited incomplete skewing (85:15), which may have contributed to emergence of immunological symptoms. In summary, this case report describes an exceptional instance of FUO stemming from an incompletely inactivated X chromosome microdeletion, thereby increasing our understanding of the genetics underpinning FUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheehyun Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Luo Y, Lu J, Lei Z, Zhu H, Rao D, Wang T, Fu C, Zhang Z, Xia L, Huang W. Lysine methylation modifications in tumor immunomodulation and immunotherapy: regulatory mechanisms and perspectives. Biomark Res 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 39080807 PMCID: PMC11289998 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) that significantly impacts gene expression regulation. This modification not only influences cancer development directly but also has significant implications for the immune system. Lysine methylation modulates immune cell functions and shapes the anti-tumor immune response, highlighting its dual role in both tumor progression and immune regulation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic role of lysine methylation in the activation and function of immune cells, detailing how these modifications affect cellular processes and signaling pathways. We delve into the mechanisms by which lysine methylation contributes to tumor immune evasion, allowing cancer cells to escape immune surveillance and thrive. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting lysine methylation in cancer immunotherapy. Emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, are being explored for their efficacy in modulating lysine methylation to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. By targeting these modifications, we can potentially improve the effectiveness of existing treatments and develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat cancer more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - He Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dean Rao
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenan Fu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Lin L, Ren R, Xiong Q, Zheng C, Yang B, Wang H. Remodeling of T-cell mitochondrial metabolism to treat autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103583. [PMID: 39084278 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
T cells are key drivers of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by producing cytokines, stimulating the generation of autoantibodies, and mediating tissue and cell damage. Distinct mitochondrial metabolic pathways govern the direction of T-cell differentiation and function and rely on specific nutrients and metabolic enzymes. Metabolic substrate uptake and mitochondrial metabolism form the foundational elements for T-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function, contributing to the dynamic interplay between immunological signals and mitochondrial metabolism in coordinating adaptive immunity. Perturbations in substrate availability and enzyme activity may impair T-cell immunosuppressive function, fostering autoreactive responses and disrupting immune homeostasis, ultimately contributing to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. A growing body of studies has explored how metabolic processes regulate the function of diverse T-cell subsets in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis. This review describes the coordination of T-cell biology by mitochondrial metabolism, including the electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and one‑carbon metabolism. This study elucidated the intricate crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic programs, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors. This review summarizes potential therapeutic targets for T-cell mitochondrial metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases, providing insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyu Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhivaki D, Kennedy SN, Park J, Boriello F, Devant P, Cao A, Bahleda KM, Murphy S, McCabe C, Evavold CL, Chapman KL, Zanoni I, Ashenberg O, Xavier RJ, Kagan JC. Correction of age-associated defects in dendritic cells enables CD4 + T cells to eradicate tumors. Cell 2024; 187:3888-3903.e18. [PMID: 38870946 PMCID: PMC11283364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Defective host defenses later in life are associated with changes in immune cell activities, suggesting that age-specific considerations are needed in immunotherapy approaches. In this study, we found that PD-1 and CTLA4-based cancer immunotherapies are unable to eradicate tumors in elderly mice. This defect in anti-tumor activity correlated with two known age-associated immune defects: diminished abundance of systemic naive CD8+ T cells and weak migratory activities of dendritic cells (DCs). We identified a vaccine adjuvant, referred to as a DC hyperactivator, which corrects DC migratory defects in the elderly. Vaccines containing tumor antigens and DC hyperactivators induced T helper type 1 (TH1) CD4+ T cells with cytolytic activity that drive anti-tumor immunity in elderly mice. When administered early in life, DC hyperactivators were the only adjuvant identified that elicited anti-tumor CD4+ T cells that persisted into old age. These results raise the possibility of correcting age-associated immune defects through DC manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Zhivaki
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie N Kennedy
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josh Park
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Boriello
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascal Devant
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anh Cao
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin M Bahleda
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shane Murphy
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristin McCabe
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles L Evavold
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate L Chapman
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tsutsumi E, Macy AM, LoBello J, Hastings KT, Kim S. Tumor immune microenvironment permissive to metastatic progression of ING4-deficient breast cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304194. [PMID: 38968186 PMCID: PMC11226078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the ING4 tumor suppressor are associated with advanced stage tumors and poor patient survival in cancer. ING4 was shown to inhibit NF-kB in several cancers. As NF-kB is a key mediator of immune response, the ING4/NF-kB axis is likely to manifest in tumor-immune modulation but has not been investigated. To characterize the tumor immune microenvironment associated with ING4-deficient tumors, three approaches were employed in this study: First, tissue microarrays composed of 246 primary breast tumors including 97 ING4-deficient tumors were evaluated for the presence of selective immune markers, CD68, CD4, CD8, and PD-1, using immunohistochemical staining. Second, an immune-competent mouse model of ING4-deficient breast cancer was devised utilizing CRISPR-mediated deletion of Ing4 in a Tp53 deletion-derived mammary tumor cell line; mammary tumors were evaluated for immune markers using flow cytometry. Lastly, the METABRIC gene expression dataset was evaluated for patient survival related to the immune markers associated with Ing4-deleted tumors. The results showed that CD68, CD4, CD8, or PD-1, was not significantly associated with ING4-deficient breast tumors, indicating no enrichment of macrophages, T cells, or exhausted T cell types. In mice, Ing4-deleted mammary tumors had a growth rate comparable to Ing4-intact tumors but showed increased tumor penetrance and metastasis. Immune marker analyses of Ing4-deleted tumors revealed a significant increase in tumor-associated macrophages (Gr-1loCD11b+F4/80+) and a decrease in granzyme B-positive (GzmB+) CD4+ T cells, indicating a suppressive and/or less tumoricidal immune microenvironment. The METABRIC data analyses showed that low expression of GZMB was significantly associated with poor patient survival, as was ING4-low expression, in the basal subtype of breast cancer. Patients with GZMB-low/ING4-low tumors had the worst survival outcomes (HR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.36-5.75, p = 0.0004), supportive of the idea that the GZMB-low immune environment contributes to ING4-deficient tumor progression. Collectively, the study results demonstrate that ING4-deficient tumors harbor a microenvironment that contributes to immune evasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tsutsumi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Macy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Janine LoBello
- Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Hastings
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Suwon Kim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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Kirkpatrick C, Lu YCW. Deciphering CD4 + T cell-mediated responses against cancer. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1209-1220. [PMID: 38725218 PMCID: PMC11166516 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
It's been long thought that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells play a major role in T cell-mediated antitumor responses, whereas CD4+ T cells merely provide some assistance to CD8+ T cells as the "helpers." In recent years, numerous studies support the notion that CD4+ T cells play an indispensable role in antitumor responses. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of CD4+ T cells in antitumor responses and immunotherapy, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these observations. These new insights on CD4+ T cells may pave the way to further optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yong-Chen William Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Sang J, Liu P, Wang M, Xu F, Ma J, Wei Z, Ye X. Dynamic Changes in the Immune Microenvironment in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes of a Lewis Lung Cancer Mouse Model After Microwave Ablation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4175-4186. [PMID: 38979433 PMCID: PMC11228081 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s462650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive technique for treating lung cancer. It can induce immune response; however, its effect on the immune microenvironment in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLN) is not well understood. This study aims to identify changes in the immune microenvironment in TdLN following MWA in a Lewis lung cancer (LLC) mouse model. Methods LLC mouse model was established and followed by MWA. TdLN were collected at various time points, including pre-MWA and days 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-MWA. Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and other immune cells in the TdLN. Certain cytokines were also detected. Results Compared with pre-MWA, the frequency of CD4+ T cells significantly increased from day 1 to day 8 post-MWA. The frequency of CD8+ T cells decreased significantly on days 2 and 4, but no significant changes occurred on days 1 and 8. Significant decreases in the frequencies of Treg cells and Klrg1+ Treg cells were observed from day 1 to day 4. On days 4 and 8, there was a significant increase in the frequency of NK cells. The frequency of resident cDC2 significantly increased on day 4, whereas CD11b+ migratory cDCs increased on day 1. Additionally, on day 4, a notable rise was observed in the frequency of NK cells secreting IFN-γ, while on day 8, there was a significant increase in the frequency of CD8+ T cells secreting both IFN-γ and TNF-α. Conclusion MWA of lung cancer can alter the immune microenvironment in the TdLN, triggering immune responses. These changes are particularly evident and intricate within the initial 4 days post-MWA. Treatment combined with MWA within a certain period may significantly enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkuo Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Li C, Hong W, Reuben A, Wang L, Maitra A, Zhang J, Cheng C. TimiGP-Response: the pan-cancer immune landscape associated with response to immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600089. [PMID: 38979334 PMCID: PMC11230183 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) significantly influences the response to immunotherapy, yet this complex relationship remains elusive. To address this issue, we developed TimiGP-Response (TIME Illustration based on Gene Pairing designed for immunotherapy Response), a computational framework leveraging single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data, along with response information, to construct cell-cell interaction networks associated with responders and estimate the role of immune cells in treatment response. This framework was showcased in triple-negative breast cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction, and orthogonally validated with imaging mass cytometry. As a result, we identified CD8+ GZMB+ T cells associated with responders and its interaction with regulatory T cells emerged as a potential feature for selecting patients who may benefit from these therapies. Subsequently, we analyzed 3,410 patients with seven cancer types (melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer) treated with various immunotherapies and combination therapies, as well as several chemo- and targeted therapies as controls. Using TimiGP-Response, we depicted the pan-cancer immune landscape associated with immunotherapy response at different resolutions. At the TIME level, CD8 T cells and CD4 memory T cells were associated with responders, while anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages and mast cells were linked to non-responders across most cancer types and datasets. Given that T cells are the primary targets of these immunotherapies and our TIME analysis highlights their importance in response to treatment, we portrayed the pan-caner landscape on 40 T cell subtypes. Notably, CD8+ and CD4+ GZMK+ effector memory T cells emerged as crucial across all cancer types and treatments, while IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells were top candidates associated with immunotherapy non-responders. In summary, this study provides a computational method to study the association between TIME and response across the pan-cancer immune landscape, offering resources and insights into immune cell interactions and their impact on treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Lung Cancer Genomics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Lung Cancer Interception Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Fowler EA, Farias Amorim C, Mostacada K, Yan A, Amorim Sacramento L, Stanco RA, Hales ED, Varkey A, Zong W, Wu GD, de Oliveira CI, Collins PL, Novais FO. Neutrophil-mediated hypoxia drives pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177992. [PMID: 38833303 PMCID: PMC11245163 DOI: 10.1172/jci177992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania parasites exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations. Although parasites influence disease severity, cytolytic CD8+ T cell responses mediate disease. Although these responses originate in the lymph node, we found that expression of the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B was restricted to lesional CD8+ T cells in Leishmania-infected mice, suggesting that local cues within inflamed skin induced cytolytic function. Expression of Blimp-1 (Prdm1), a transcription factor necessary for cytolytic CD8+ T cell differentiation, was driven by hypoxia within the inflamed skin. Hypoxia was further enhanced by the recruitment of neutrophils that consumed oxygen to produce ROS and ultimately increased the hypoxic state and granzyme B expression in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, lesions from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibited hypoxia transcription signatures that correlated with the presence of neutrophils. Thus, targeting hypoxia-driven signals that support local differentiation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells may improve the prognosis for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as for other inflammatory skin diseases in which cytolytic CD8+ T cells contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Fowler
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Klauss Mostacada
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Yan
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Rae A. Stanco
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily D.S. Hales
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aditi Varkey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wenjing Zong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Camila I. de Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrick L. Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fernanda O. Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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11
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Luce A, Abate M, Scognamiglio G, Montella M, Iervolino D, Campione S, Di Mauro A, Sepe O, Gigantino V, Tathode MS, Ferrara G, Monaco R, De Dominicis G, Misso G, Gentile V, Franco R, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M. Immune cell infiltration and inflammatory landscape in primary brain tumours. J Transl Med 2024; 22:521. [PMID: 38816839 PMCID: PMC11140972 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary malignant brain tumours are more than one-third of all brain tumours and despite the molecular investigation to identify cancer driver mutations, the current therapeutic options available are challenging due to high intratumour heterogeneity. In addition, an immunosuppressive and inflammatory tumour microenvironment strengthens cancer progression. Therefore, we defined an immune and inflammatory profiling of meningioma and glial tumours to elucidate the role of the immune infiltration in these cancer types. METHODS Using tissue microarrays of 158 brain tumour samples, we assessed CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD138, Granzyme B (GzmB), 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) and Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC results were correlated using a Spearman correlation matrix. Transcript expression, correlation, and overall survival (OS) analyses were evaluated using public datasets available on GEPIA2 in Glioblastoma (GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) cohorts. RESULTS Seven out of ten markers showed a significantly different IHC expression in at least one of the evaluated cohorts whereas CD3, CD4 and 5-LOX were differentially expressed between GBMs and astrocytomas. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that 5-LOX and GzmB expression were associated in both meningiomas and GBMs, whereas 5-LOX expression was significantly and positively correlated to TG2 in both meningioma and astrocytoma cohorts. These findings were confirmed with the correlation analysis of TCGA-GBM and LGG datasets. Profiling of mRNA levels indicated a significant increase in CD3 (CD3D, CD3E), and CD138 (SDC1) expression in GBM compared to control tissues. CD4 and 5-LOX (ALOX5) mRNA levels were significantly more expressed in tumour samples than in normal tissues in both GBM and LGG. In GBM cohort, GzmB (GZMB), SDC1 and MGMT gene expression predicted a poor overall survival (OS). Moreover, in LGG cohort, an increased expression of CD3 (CD3D, CD3E, CD3G), CD8 (CD8A), GZMB, CD20 (MS4A1), SDC1, PD-L1, ALOX5, and TG2 (TGM2) genes was associated with worse OS. CONCLUSIONS Our data have revealed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the expression of 5-LOX and GzmB, both at RNA and protein level. Further evaluation is needed to understand the interplay of 5-LOX and immune infiltration in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Iervolino
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Severo Campione
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Sepe
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Madhura S Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ferrara
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Monaco
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco De Dominicis
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gentile
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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12
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Mosmann TR, McMichael AJ, LeVert A, McCauley JW, Almond JW. Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8. [PMID: 38698082 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination remains our main defence against influenza, which causes substantial annual mortality and poses a serious pandemic threat. Influenza virus evades immunity by rapidly changing its surface antigens but, even when the vaccine is well matched to the current circulating virus strains, influenza vaccines are not as effective as many other vaccines. Influenza vaccine development has traditionally focused on the induction of protective antibodies, but there is mounting evidence that T cell responses are also protective against influenza. Thus, future vaccines designed to promote both broad T cell effector functions and antibodies may provide enhanced protection. As we discuss, such vaccines present several challenges that require new strategic and economic considerations. Vaccine-induced T cells relevant to protection may reside in the lungs or lymphoid tissues, requiring more invasive assays to assess the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. T cell functions may contain and resolve infection rather than completely prevent infection and early illness, requiring vaccine effectiveness to be assessed based on the prevention of severe disease and death rather than symptomatic infection. It can be complex and costly to measure T cell responses and infrequent clinical outcomes, and thus innovations in clinical trial design are needed for economic reasons. Nevertheless, the goal of more effective influenza vaccines justifies renewed and intensive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W Almond
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Piersma SJ. Tissue-specific features of innate lymphoid cells in antiviral defense. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x. [PMID: 38684766 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes (ILCs) rapidly respond to and protect against invading pathogens and cancer. ILCs include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and include type I, type II, and type III immune cells. While NK cells have been well recognized for their role in antiviral immunity, other ILC subtypes are emerging as players in antiviral defense. Each ILC subset has specialized functions that uniquely impact the antiviral immunity and health of the host depending on the tissue microenvironment. This review focuses on the specialized functions of each ILC subtype and their roles in antiviral immune responses across tissues. Several viruses within infection-prone tissues will be highlighted to provide an overview of the extent of the ILC immunity within tissues and emphasize common versus virus-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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14
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Ehrenfried AR, Zens S, Steffens LK, Kehm H, Paul A, Lauenstein C, Volkmar M, Poschke I, Meng Z, Offringa R. T-Cell-Based Platform for Functional Screening of T-Cell Receptors Identified in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Sets of Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cells. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4972. [PMID: 38686347 PMCID: PMC11056003 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has enabled in-depth gene expression analysis of several thousand cells isolated from tissues. We recently reported the application of scRNAseq toward the dissection of the tumor-infiltrating T-cell repertoire in human pancreatic cancer samples. In this study, we demonstrated that combined whole transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing provides an effective way to identify tumor-reactive TCR clonotypes on the basis of gene expression signatures. An important aspect in this respect was the experimental validation of TCR-mediated anti-tumor reactivity by means of an in vitro functional assay, which is the subject of the present protocol. This assay involves the transient transfection of mRNA gene constructs encoding TCRα/β pairs into a well-defined human T-cell line, followed by co-cultivation with the tumor cells of interest and detection of T-cell activation by flow cytometry. Due to the high transfectability and the low background reactivity of the mock-transfected T-cell line to a wide variety of tumor cells, this assay offers a highly robust and versatile platform for the functional screening of large numbers of TCR clonotypes as identified in scRNAseq data sets. Whereas the assay was initially developed to test TCRs of human origin, it was more recently also applied successfully for the screening of TCRs of murine origin. Key features • Efficient functional screening of-and discrimination between-TCRs isolated from tumor-reactive vs. bystander T-cell clones. • Applicable to TCRs from CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T-cells originating from patient-derived tumor samples and syngeneic mouse tumor models. • Rapid flow cytometric detection of T-cell activation by means of TNFα and CD107a expression after a 5 h T-cell/tumor cell co-cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Rodriguez Ehrenfried
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K. Steffens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kehm
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Paul
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lauenstein
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Volkmar
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zibo Meng
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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15
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Ducellier S, Demeules M, Letribot B, Gaetani M, Michaudel C, Sokol H, Hamze A, Alami M, Nascimento M, Apcher S. Dual molecule targeting HDAC6 leads to intratumoral CD4+ cytotoxic lymphocytes recruitment through MHC-II upregulation on lung cancer cells. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007588. [PMID: 38609101 PMCID: PMC11015306 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the current therapeutic treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, the mortality rate of lung cancer stays high. Regarding lung cancer, epigenetic modifications altering cell cycle, angiogenesis and programmed cancer cell death are therapeutic targets to combine with immunotherapy to improve treatment success. In a recent study, we uncovered that a molecule called QAPHA ((E)-3-(5-((2-cyanoquinolin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide) has a dual function as both a tubulin polymerization and HDAC inhibitors. Here, we investigate the impact of this novel dual inhibitor on the immune response to lung cancer. METHODS To elucidate the mechanism of action of QAPHA, we conducted a chemical proteomics analysis. Using an in vivo mouse model of lung cancer (TC-1 tumor cells), we assessed the effects of QAPHA on tumor regression. Tumor infiltrating immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS In this study, we first showed that QAPHA effectively inhibited histone deacetylase 6, leading to upregulation of HSP90, cytochrome C and caspases, as revealed by proteomic analysis. We confirmed that QAPHA induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) by expressing calreticulin at cell surface in vitro and demonstrated its efficacy as a vaccine in vivo. Remarkably, even at a low concentration (0.5 mg/kg), QAPHA achieved complete tumor regression in approximately 60% of mice treated intratumorally, establishing a long-lasting anticancer immune response. Additionally, QAPHA treatment promoted the infiltration of M1-polarized macrophages in treated mice, indicating the induction of a pro-inflammatory environment within the tumor. Very interestingly, our findings also revealed that QAPHA upregulated major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression on TC-1 tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the recruitment of cytotoxic CD4+T cells (CD4+CTL) expressing CD4+, NKG2D+, CRTAM+, and Perforin+. Finally, we showed that tumor regression strongly correlates to MHC-II expression level on tumor cell and CD4+ CTL infiltrate. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings shed light on the discovery of a new multitarget inhibitor able to induce ICD and MHC-II upregulation in TC-1 tumor cell. These two processes participate in enhancing a specific CD4+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated antitumor response in vivo in our model of lung cancer. This breakthrough suggests the potential of QAPHA as a promising agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ducellier
- UMR 1015 Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie contre le cancer, B2M, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mélanie Demeules
- UMR 1015 Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie contre le cancer, B2M, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I Department of Medical Biochemistry andBiophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chloé Michaudel
- AgroParisTech Micalis institute, INRAe Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Sorbonne Université, INSERM CRSA, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | | | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mégane Nascimento
- UMR 1015 Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie contre le cancer, B2M, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Apcher
- UMR 1015 Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie contre le cancer, B2M, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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16
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Jones DM, Tuazon JA, Read KA, Leonard MR, Pokhrel S, Sreekumar BK, Warren RT, Yount JS, Collins PL, Oestreich KJ. Cytotoxic Programming of CD4+ T Cells Is Regulated by Opposing Actions of the Related Transcription Factors Eos and Aiolos. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1129-1141. [PMID: 38363226 PMCID: PMC10948294 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to the "helper" activities of most CD4+ T effector subsets, CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs) perform functions normally associated with CD8+ T and NK cells. Specifically, CD4-CTLs secrete cytotoxic molecules and directly target and kill compromised cells in an MHC class II-restricted fashion. The functions of these cells have been described in diverse immunological contexts, including their ability to provide protection during antiviral and antitumor responses, as well as being implicated in autoimmunity. Despite their significance to human health, the complete mechanisms that govern their programming remain unclear. In this article, we identify the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factor Eos (Ikzf4) as a positive regulator of CD4-CTL differentiation during murine immune responses against influenza virus infection. We find that the frequency of Eos+ cells is elevated in lung CD4-CTL populations and that the cytotoxic gene program is compromised in Eos-deficient CD4+ T cells. Consequently, we observe a reduced frequency and number of lung-residing, influenza virus-responsive CD4-CTLs in the absence of Eos. Mechanistically, we determine that this is due, at least in part, to reduced expression of IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine receptor subunits on the surface of Eos-deficient CD4+ T cells, both of which support the CD4-CTL program. Finally, we find that Aiolos, a related Ikaros family member and known CD4-CTL antagonist, represses Eos expression by antagonizing STAT5-dependent activation of the Ikzf4 promoter. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism wherein Eos and Aiolos act in opposition to regulate cytotoxic programming of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH
| | - Jasmine A Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, OH
| | - Kaitlin A Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa R Leonard
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Combined Anatomic Pathology Residency/Ph.D. Program, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Srijana Pokhrel
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bharath K Sreekumar
- Department of Medicine; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert T Warren
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Infectious Diseases Institute; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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17
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Goto M, Takahashi H, Yoshida R, Itamiya T, Nakano M, Nagafuchi Y, Harada H, Shimizu T, Maeda M, Kubota A, Toda T, Hatano H, Sugimori Y, Kawahata K, Yamamoto K, Shoda H, Ishigaki K, Ota M, Okamura T, Fujio K. Age-associated CD4 + T cells with B cell-promoting functions are regulated by ZEB2 in autoimmunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk1643. [PMID: 38330141 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for autoimmunity, and many autoimmune diseases tend to onset during adulthood. We conducted an extensive analysis of CD4+ T cell subsets from 354 patients with autoimmune disease and healthy controls via flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing. As a result, we identified a distinct CXCR3midCD4+ effector memory T cell subset that expands with age, which we designated "age-associated T helper (THA) cells." THA cells exhibited both a cytotoxic phenotype and B cell helper functions, and these features were regulated by the transcription factor ZEB2. Consistent with the highly skewed T cell receptor usage of THA cells, gene expression in THA cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reflected disease activity and was affected by treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor. Moreover, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that THA cells infiltrate damaged organs in patients with autoimmune diseases. Together, our characterization of THA cells may facilitate improved understanding of the relationship between aging and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaka Goto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryochi Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Harada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiko Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kubota
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugimori
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Yan H, Ju X, Huang A, Yuan J. Advancements in technology for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2151-2167. [PMID: 38617534 PMCID: PMC11008272 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.92525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays a key role in cancer treatment, however, responses are limited to a small number of patients. The biological basis for the success of immunotherapy is the complex interaction between tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Historically, research on tumor immune constitution was limited to the analysis of one or two markers, more novel technologies are needed to interpret the complex interactions between tumor cells and TIME. In recent years, major advances have already been made in depicting TIME at a considerably elevated degree of throughput, dimensionality and resolution, allowing dozens of markers to be labeled simultaneously, and analyzing the heterogeneity of tumour-immune infiltrates in detail at the single cell level, depicting the spatial landscape of the entire microenvironment, as well as applying artificial intelligence (AI) to interpret a large amount of complex data from TIME. In this review, we summarized emerging technologies that have made contributions to the field of TIME, and provided prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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19
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Peng S, Lin A, Jiang A, Zhang C, Zhang J, Cheng Q, Luo P, Bai Y. CTLs heterogeneity and plasticity: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:58. [PMID: 38515134 PMCID: PMC10956324 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play critical antitumor roles, encompassing diverse subsets including CD4+, NK, and γδ T cells beyond conventional CD8+ CTLs. However, definitive CTLs biomarkers remain elusive, as cytotoxicity-molecule expression does not necessarily confer cytotoxic capacity. CTLs differentiation involves transcriptional regulation by factors such as T-bet and Blimp-1, although epigenetic regulation of CTLs is less clear. CTLs promote tumor killing through cytotoxic granules and death receptor pathways, but may also stimulate tumorigenesis in some contexts. Given that CTLs cytotoxicity varies across tumors, enhancing this function is critical. This review summarizes current knowledge on CTLs subsets, biomarkers, differentiation mechanisms, cancer-related functions, and strategies for improving cytotoxicity. Key outstanding questions include refining the CTLs definition, characterizing subtype diversity, elucidating differentiation and senescence pathways, delineating CTL-microbe relationships, and enabling multi-omics profiling. A more comprehensive understanding of CTLs biology will facilitate optimization of their immunotherapy applications. Overall, this review synthesizes the heterogeneity, regulation, functional roles, and enhancement strategies of CTLs in antitumor immunity, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of subtype diversity, definitive biomarkers, epigenetic control, microbial interactions, and multi-omics characterization. Addressing these questions will refine our understanding of CTLs immunology to better leverage cytotoxic functions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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20
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White CL, Glover MA, Gandhapudi SK, Richards KA, Sant AJ. Flublok Quadrivalent Vaccine Adjuvanted with R-DOTAP Elicits a Robust and Multifunctional CD4 T Cell Response That Is of Greater Magnitude and Functional Diversity Than Conventional Adjuvant Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:281. [PMID: 38543915 PMCID: PMC10975948 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. CD4+ T cells, known to target many viral proteins and highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms. Despite this potential, CD4+ T cells are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have analyzed a promising new adjuvant (R-DOTAP), as well as conventional adjuvant systems AddaVax with or without an added TLR9 agonist CpG, to promote CD4+ T cell responses to the licensed vaccine Flublok containing H1, H3, and HA-B proteins. Our studies, using a preclinical mouse model of vaccination, revealed that the addition of R-DOTAP to Flublok dramatically enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes, far outperforming conventional adjuvant systems based on cytokine EliSpot assays and multiparameter flow cytometry. The elicited CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived epitopes produce IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4/5, and granzyme B and have multifunctional potential. Hence, R-DOTAP, which has been verified safe by human studies, can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle L. White
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Maryah A. Glover
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Siva K. Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
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21
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Katsikis PD, Ishii KJ, Schliehe C. Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:213-227. [PMID: 37783860 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of cancer immunotherapies has highlighted the benefit of harnessing the immune system for cancer treatment. Vaccines have a long history of promoting immunity to pathogens and, consequently, vaccines targeting cancer neoantigens have been championed as a tool to direct and amplify immune responses against tumours while sparing healthy tissue. In recent years, extensive preclinical research and more than one hundred clinical trials have tested different strategies of neoantigen discovery and vaccine formulations. However, despite the enthusiasm for neoantigen vaccines, proof of unequivocal efficacy has remained beyond reach for the majority of clinical trials. In this Review, we focus on the key obstacles pertaining to vaccine design and tumour environment that remain to be overcome in order to unleash the true potential of neoantigen vaccines in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Baker KF, McDonald D, Hulme G, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Swan D, Schulz AR, Mei HE, MacDonald L, Pratt AG, Filby A, Anderson AE, Isaacs JD. Single-cell insights into immune dysregulation in rheumatoid arthritis flare versus drug-free remission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1063. [PMID: 38316770 PMCID: PMC10844292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are typically characterised by relapsing and remitting flares of inflammation. However, the unpredictability of disease flares impedes their study. Addressing this critical knowledge gap, we use the experimental medicine approach of immunomodulatory drug withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remission to synchronise flare processes allowing detailed characterisation. Exploratory mass cytometry analyses reveal three circulating cellular subsets heralding the onset of arthritis flare - CD45RO+PD1hi CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD27+CD86+CD21- B cells - further characterised by single-cell sequencing. Distinct lymphocyte subsets including cytotoxic and exhausted CD4+ memory T cells, memory CD8+CXCR5+ T cells, and IGHA1+ plasma cells are primed for activation in flare patients. Regulatory memory CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) increase at flare onset, but with dysfunctional regulatory marker expression compared to drug-free remission. Significant clonal expansion is observed in T cells, but not B cells, after drug cessation; this is widespread throughout memory CD8+ T cell subsets but limited to the granzyme-expressing cytotoxic subset within CD4+ memory T cells. Based on our observations, we suggest a model of immune dysregulation for understanding RA flare, with potential for further translational research towards novel avenues for its treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Baker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - David McDonald
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gillian Hulme
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Genomics Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Genomics Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Swan
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- School of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Sur M, Rasquinha MT, Mone K, Massilamany C, Lasrado N, Gurumurthy C, Sobel RA, Reddy J. Investigation into Cardiac Myhc-α 334-352-Specific TCR Transgenic Mice Reveals a Role for Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells in the Development of Cardiac Autoimmunity. Cells 2024; 13:234. [PMID: 38334626 PMCID: PMC10854502 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is one of the major causes of heart failure in children and young adults and can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis could result from autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but defining antigen specificity in disease pathogenesis is challenging. To address this issue, we generated T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6J mice specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and found that Myhc-α-specific TCRs were expressed in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To investigate if the phenotype is more pronounced in a myocarditis-susceptible genetic background, we backcrossed with A/J mice. At the fourth generation of backcrossing, we observed that Tg T cells from naïve mice responded to Myhc-α 334-352, as evaluated by proliferation assay and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining. The T cell responses included significant production of mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin-17, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. While the naïve Tg mice had isolated myocardial lesions, immunization with Myhc-α 334-352 led to mild myocarditis, suggesting that further backcrossing to increase the percentage of A/J genome close to 99.99% might show a more severe disease phenotype. Further investigations led us to note that CD4+ T cells displayed the phenotype of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) akin to those of conventional CD8+ CTLs, as determined by the expression of CD107a, IFN-γ, granzyme B natural killer cell receptor (NKG)2A, NKG2D, cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecules, and eomesodermin. Taken together, the transgenic system described in this report may be a helpful tool to distinguish the roles of cytotoxic cardiac antigen-specific CD4+ T cells vs. those of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sur
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Mahima T. Rasquinha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Kiruthiga Mone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
- CRISPR Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02127, USA
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Channabasavaiah Gurumurthy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Raymond A. Sobel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (K.M.); (C.M.); (N.L.)
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24
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Amarillo ME, Moyano A, Ferressini Gerpe N, De Matteo E, Preciado MV, Chabay P. Tonsillar cytotoxic CD4 T cells are involved in the control of EBV primary infection in children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2135. [PMID: 38273012 PMCID: PMC10810912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells play a key role in Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection, by modulating latent antigen expression, and exhibiting cytotoxic and regulatory properties. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of Granzyme B (GZMB) and Foxp3 CD4 T cells at different EBV infection status and latency profiles. We examined CD4, GZMB, Foxp3, IL10, TGF-β, CD4-GZMB and CD4-Foxp3 expression at the tonsils of pediatric patients with different infective status and EBV latency profiles. CD4+, GZMB+, Foxp3+, CD4-GZMB+ and CD4-Foxp3+ cell counts were higher at the interfollicular region. Higher expression of CD4-GZMB was found in primary infected patients compared to healthy carriers. In patients that expressed latency III antigens, we demonstrated lower CD4+, CD4-GZMB+, CD4-Foxp3+ expression; a negative correlation between the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10+ and GZMB+ as well as a positive correlation of IL-10+ and CD4+. In patients expressing the lytic protein BMRF1, a positive correlation of TGF-β+ with CD4-GZMB+ and CD4-Foxp3+ was observed. Our findings indicate that CD4-GZMB+ cells are involved in the restriction of primary EBV infection in pediatric patients, which could partially explain the lack of symptoms, whereas both CD4-GZMB+ and CD4-Foxp3+ cells could be involved in the modulation of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Amarillo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Moyano
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ferressini Gerpe
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Preciado
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Chabay
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Bawden EG, Wagner T, Schröder J, Effern M, Hinze D, Newland L, Attrill GH, Lee AR, Engel S, Freestone D, de Lima Moreira M, Gressier E, McBain N, Bachem A, Haque A, Dong R, Ferguson AL, Edwards JJ, Ferguson PM, Scolyer RA, Wilmott JS, Jewell CM, Brooks AG, Gyorki DE, Palendira U, Bedoui S, Waithman J, Hochheiser K, Hölzel M, Gebhardt T. CD4 + T cell immunity against cutaneous melanoma encompasses multifaceted MHC II-dependent responses. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi9517. [PMID: 38241401 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Whereas CD4+ T cells conventionally mediate antitumor immunity by providing help to CD8+ T cells, recent clinical studies have implied an important role for cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in cancer immunity. Using an orthotopic melanoma model, we provide a detailed account of antitumoral CD4+ T cell responses and their regulation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) in the skin. Intravital imaging revealed prominent interactions of CD4+ T cells with tumor debris-laden MHC II+ host antigen-presenting cells that accumulated around tumor cell nests, although direct recognition of MHC II+ melanoma cells alone could also promote CD4+ T cell control. CD4+ T cells stably suppressed or eradicated tumors even in the absence of other lymphocytes by using tumor necrosis factor-α and Fas ligand (FasL) but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Interferon-γ was critical for protection, acting both directly on melanoma cells and via induction of nitric oxide synthase in myeloid cells. Our results illustrate multifaceted and context-specific aspects of MHC II-dependent CD4+ T cell immunity against cutaneous melanoma, emphasizing modulation of this axis as a potential avenue for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Bawden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Teagan Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Computational Sciences Initiative, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maike Effern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Daniel Hinze
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Lewis Newland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Grace H Attrill
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ariane R Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sven Engel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcela de Lima Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elise Gressier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan McBain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruining Dong
- Computational Sciences Initiative, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarem J Edwards
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter M Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharina Hochheiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zhang T, Wang S, Liu Y, Qi X, Gao Y. Advances on adaptive immune responses affected by infectious bursal disease virus in chicken. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1330576. [PMID: 38268928 PMCID: PMC10806451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1330576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly infectious, and immunosuppressive disease caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which interferes with the immune system, causes hypoimmunity and seriously threatens the healthy development of the poultry industry. Adaptive immune response, an important defense line of host resistance to pathogen infection, is the host-specific immune response mainly mediated by T and B lymphocytes. As an important immunosuppressive pathogen in poultry, IBDV infection is closely related to the injury of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we focus on recent advances in adaptive immune response influenced by IBDV infection, especially the damage on immune organs, as well as the effect on humoral immune response and cellular immune response, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of immunosuppression induced by IBDV infection and the establishment of novel prevention and control measures for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
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27
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Koukoulias K, Papayanni PG, Jones J, Kuvalekar M, Watanabe A, Velazquez Y, Gilmore S, Papadopoulou A, Leen AM, Vasileiou S. Assessment of the cytolytic potential of a multivirus-targeted T cell therapy using a vital dye-based, flow cytometric assay. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1299512. [PMID: 38187380 PMCID: PMC10766817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1299512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Reliable and sensitive characterization assays are important determinants of the successful clinical translation of immunotherapies. For the assessment of cytolytic potential, the chromium 51 (51Cr) release assay has long been considered the gold standard for testing effector cells. However, attaining the approvals to access and use radioactive isotopes is becoming increasingly complex, while technical aspects [i.e. sensitivity, short (4-6 hours) assay duration] may lead to suboptimal performance. This has been the case with our ex vivo expanded, polyclonal (CD4+ and CD8+) multivirus-specific T cell (multiVST) lines, which recognize 5 difficult-to-treat viruses [Adenovirus (AdV), BK virus (BKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus 6 (HHV6)] and when administered to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HCT) or solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have been associated with clinical benefit. However, despite mediating potent antiviral effects in vivo, capturing in vitro cytotoxic potential has proven difficult in a traditional 51Cr release assay. Now, in addition to cytotoxicity surrogates, including CD107a and Granzyme B, we report on an alternative, vital dye -based, flow cytometric platform in which superior sensitivity and prolonged effector:target co-culture duration enabled the reliable detection of both CD4- and CD8-mediated in vitro cytolytic activity against viral targets without non-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriakos Koukoulias
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Penelope G. Papayanni
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Jones
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Manik Kuvalekar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yovana Velazquez
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ann M. Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Spyridoula Vasileiou
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Tan Y, Chen H, Gou X, Fan Q, Chen J. Tumor vaccines: Toward multidimensional anti-tumor therapies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2271334. [PMID: 37905395 PMCID: PMC10760370 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2271334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, immunotherapies have offered hope for patients with advanced cancer. However, they show distinct benefits and limited clinical effects. Tumor vaccines have the potential to prime tumor-antigen-specific T cells and induce broad subsets of immune responses, ultimately eradicating tumor cells. Here, we classify tumor vaccines by their anti-tumor mechanisms, which include boosting the immune system, overcoming tumor immunosuppression, and modulating tumor angiogenesis. We focus on multidimensional tumor vaccine strategies using combinations of two or three of the above mechanisms, as these are superior to single-dimensional treatments. This review offers a perspective on tumor vaccine strategies and the future role of vaccine therapies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Tan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Gou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiuying Fan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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29
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Fernandes R, Costa C, Fernandes R, Barros AN. Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3140. [PMID: 38137361 PMCID: PMC10740737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Mercado MAB, Li Q, Quick CM, Kim Y, Palmer R, Huang L, Li LX. BHLHE40 drives protective polyfunctional CD4 T cell differentiation in the female reproductive tract against Chlamydia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565369. [PMID: 37961221 PMCID: PMC10635079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The protein basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is a transcription factor recently emerged as a key regulator of host immunity to infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of Bhlhe40 in protective T cell responses to the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia in the female reproductive tract (FRT). Mice deficient in Bhlhe40 exhibited severe defects in their ability to control Chlamydia muridarum shedding from the FRT. The heightened bacterial burdens in Bhlhe40-/- mice correlated with a marked increase in IL-10-producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells and decreased polyfunctional CD4 T cells co-producing IFN-γ, IL-17A and GM-CSF. Genetic ablation of IL-10 or functional blockade of IL-10R increased CD4 T cell polyfunctionality and partially rescued the defects in bacterial control in Bhlhe40-/- mice. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with TCR profiling, we detected a significant enrichment of stem-like T cell signatures in Bhlhe40-deficient CD4 T cells, whereas WT CD4 T cells were further down on the differentiation trajectory with distinct effector functions beyond IFN-γ production by Th1 cells. Altogether, we identified Bhlhe40 as a key molecular driver of CD4 T cell differentiation and polyfunctional responses in the FRT against Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. B. Mercado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Charles M. Quick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Rachel Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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31
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Di Roio A, Hubert M, Besson L, Bossennec M, Rodriguez C, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Lalle G, Moudombi L, Schneider R, Degletagne C, Treilleux I, Campbell DJ, Metzger S, Duhen T, Trédan O, Caux C, Ménétrier-Caux C. MDR1-EXPRESSING CD4 + T CELLS WITH TH1.17 FEATURES RESIST TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER CLINICAL RESPONSE. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007733. [PMID: 37940345 PMCID: PMC10632904 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) transporter limits the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapies (paclitaxel, anthracyclines) used in breast cancer (BC) treatment. In addition to tumor cells, MDR1 is expressed on immune cell subsets in which it confers chemoresistance. Among human T cells, MDR1 is expressed by most CD8+ T cells, and a subset of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Here we explored the expression, function and regulation of MDR1 on CD4+ T cells and investigated the role of this population in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in BC. METHODS Phenotypic and functional characteristics of MDR1+ CD4 Th cells were assessed on blood from healthy donors and patients with BC by flow cytometry. These features were extended to CD4+ Th cells from untreated breast tumor by flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We performed in vitro polarization assays to decipher MDR1 regulation on CD4 Th cells. We evaluated in vitro the impact of chemotherapy agents on MDR1+ CD4+ Th cells. We analyzed the impact of NAC treatment on MDR1+ CD4+ Th cells from blood and tumors and their association with treatment efficacy in two independent BC cohorts and in a public RNA-seq data set of BC tumor biopsies before and after NAC. Finally, we performed single cell (sc) RNAseq of blood CD4+ memory T cells from NAC-treated patients and combined them with an scRNAseq public data set. RESULTS MDR1+ CD4 Th cells were strongly enriched in Th1.17 polyfunctional cells but also in Th17 cells, both in blood and untreated breast tumor tissues. Mechanistically, Tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 was required for MDR1 induction during in vitro Th17 or Th1.17 polarization. MDR1 expression conferred a selective advantage to Th1.17 and Th17 cells following paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo in NAC-treated patients. scRNAseq demonstrated MDR1 association with tumor Th1.17 and Th with features of cytotoxic cells. Enrichment in MDR1+ CD4+ Th1.17 and Th17 cells, in blood and tumors positively correlated with pathological response. Absence of early modulation of Th1.17 and Th17 in NAC-resistant patients, argue for its use as a biomarker for chemotherapy regimen adjustment. CONCLUSION MDR1 favored the enrichment of Th1.17 and Th17 in blood and tumor after NAC that correlated to clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Di Roio
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Hubert
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Besson
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Bossennec
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Rodriguez
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Guilhem Lalle
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lyvia Moudombi
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raphael Schneider
- Plateforme Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Degletagne
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- BioPathology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Séverine Metzger
- Clinical Research Platform, DRCI, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Thomas Duhen
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Christophe Caux
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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32
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Liu J, Xu T, Pan D, Fan J, Fu Y, Huang X, Zhao W, Dong X, Zhang S, Kuerban K, Huang X, Wang S, Chen H, He Y, Zhu YZ, Wang C, Ye L. A collagen-binding SIRPαFc fusion protein for targeted cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110951. [PMID: 37722258 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is abundant but exposed in tumor due to the abnormal tumor blood vessels, thus is considered as a tumor-specific target. The A3 domain of von Willebrand factor (vWF A3) is a kind of collagen-binding domain (CBD) which could bind collagen specifically. Previously we reported a chemosynthetic CBD-SIRPαFc conjugate, which could block CD47 and derived tumor-targeting ability by CBD. CBD-SIRPαFc conjugate represented improved anti-tumor efficacy with increased MHC II+ M1 macrophages, but the uncertain coupling ratio remained a problem. Herein, we produced a vWF A3-SIRPαFc fusion protein through eukaryotic expression system. It was examined at both molecular and cellular levels with its collagen affinity, uninfluenced original affinity to targets and phagocytosis-promoting function compared to unmodified SIRPαFc. Living imaging showed that vWF A3-SIRPαFc fusion protein derived the improved accumulation and retention in tumor than SIRPαFc. In the MC38 allograft model, vWF A3-SIRPαFc demonstrated a superior tumor-suppressing effect, characterized by increased MHC II+ M1 macrophages and T cells (particularly CD4+ T cells). These results revealed that vWF A3-SIRPαFc fusion protein derived tumor-targeting ability, leading to improved anti-tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy compared to SIRPαFc. Altogether, vWF A3 improved the anti-tumor efficacy and immune-activating function of SIRPαFc, supporting targeting tumor collagen as a possible targeted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Liu
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Tongyang Xu
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Danjie Pan
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiting Huang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Kudelaidi Kuerban
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Songna Wang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Huaning Chen
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yunpeng He
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Congjun Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Li Ye
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Minhang Hospital & Department of Biological Medicines at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
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33
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Bela-Ong DB, Thompson KD, Kim HJ, Park SB, Jung TS. CD4 + T lymphocyte responses to viruses and virus-relevant stimuli in teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109007. [PMID: 37625734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish diseases caused by viruses are a major threat to aquaculture. Development of disease protection strategies for sustainable fish aquaculture requires a better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in antiviral defence. The innate and adaptive arms of the vertebrate immune system collaborate to mount an effective defence against viral pathogens. The T lymphocyte components of the adaptive immune system, comprising two major classes (helper T, Th or CD4+ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs or CD8+ T cells), are responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. In particular, CD4+ T cells and their different subsets orchestrate the actions of various other immune cells during immune responses, making CD4+ T cells central drivers of responses to pathogens and vaccines. CD4+ T cells are also present in teleost fish. Here we review the literature that reported the use of antibodies against CD4 in a few teleost fish species and transcription profiling of Th cell-relevant genes in the context of viral infections and virus-relevant immunomodulation. Studies reveal massive CD4+ T cell proliferation and expression of key cytokines, transcription factors, and effector molecules that evoke mammalian Th cell responses. We also discuss gaps in the current understanding and evaluation of teleost CD4+ T cell responses and how development and application of novel tools and approaches to interrogate such responses could bridge these gaps. A greater understanding of fish Th cell responses will further illuminate the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, inform strategies to address viral infections in aquaculture, and could further foster fish as model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berbulla Bela-Ong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for VHS, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagula, MS, 39567, USA
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Devarajan P, Vong AM, Castonguay CH, Silverstein NJ, Kugler-Umana O, Bautista BL, Kelly KA, Luban J, Swain SL. Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113182. [PMID: 37776519 PMCID: PMC10842051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T cell effectors (ThCTLs) kill virus-infected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ cells, contributing to viral clearance. We identify key factors by which influenza A virus infection drives non-cytotoxic CD4 effectors to differentiate into lung tissue-resident ThCTL effectors. We find that CD4 effectors must again recognize cognate antigen on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the lungs. Both dendritic cells and B cells are sufficient as APCs, but CD28 co-stimulation is not needed. Optimal generation of ThCTLs requires signals induced by the ongoing infection independent of antigen presentation. Infection-elicited type I interferon (IFN) induces interleukin-15 (IL-15), which, in turn, supports CD4 effector differentiation into ThCTLs. We suggest that these multiple spatial, temporal, and cellular requirements prevent excessive lung ThCTL responses when virus is already cleared but ensure their development when infection persists. This supports a model where continuing infection drives the development of multiple, more differentiated subsets of CD4 effectors by distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen M Vong
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Catherine H Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Noah J Silverstein
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Kugler-Umana
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bianca L Bautista
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Kelly
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Malyshkina A, Brüggemann A, Paschen A, Dittmer U. Cytotoxic CD4 + T cells in chronic viral infections and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271236. [PMID: 37965314 PMCID: PMC10642198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play an important role in immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. Although their main task is to provide help to other effector immune cells, a growing number of infections and cancer entities have been described in which CD4+ T cells exhibit direct effector functions against infected or transformed cells. The most important cell type in this context are cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTL). In infectious diseases anti-viral CD4+ CTL are mainly found in chronic viral infections. Here, they often compensate for incomplete or exhausted CD8+ CTL responses. The induction of CD4+ CTL is counter-regulated by Tregs, most likely because they can be dangerous inducers of immunopathology. In viral infections, CD4+ CTL often kill via the Fas/FasL pathway, but they can also facilitate the exocytosis pathway of killing. Thus, they are very important effectors to keep persistent virus in check and guarantee host survival. In contrast to viral infections CD4+ CTL attracted attention as direct anti-tumor effectors in solid cancers only recently. Anti-tumor CD4+ CTL are defined by the expression of cytolytic markers and have been detected within the lymphocyte infiltrates of different human cancers. They kill tumor cells in an antigen-specific MHC class II-restricted manner not only by cytolysis but also by release of IFNγ. Thus, CD4+ CTL are interesting tools for cure approaches in chronic viral infections and cancer, but their potential to induce immunopathology has to be carefully taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malyshkina
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alicia Brüggemann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pokoyski C, Baars W, Windheim M, Reubold TF, Zischke J, Brinkmann A, Kay-Fedorov PC, Schwinzer R. Expression of viral CD45 ligand E3/49K on porcine cells reduces human anti-pig immune responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17218. [PMID: 37821577 PMCID: PMC10567836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of protective molecules in porcine cells and tissues is a promising approach to prevent xenograft rejection. Viruses have developed various strategies to escape the host's immune system. We generated porcine B cells (B cell line L23) expressing the human adenovirus protein E3/49K or the human cytomegalovirus protein pUL11 and investigated how human T, NK and B cell responses are affected by the expression of the viral proteins. Binding studies revealed that E3/49K and pUL11 interact with CD45 on human but not porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T cell proliferation in response to L23-E3/49K cells was significantly reduced and accompanied by development of an anti-inflammatory cytokine milieu (low: TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6; high: IL-4, IL-10). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which had been primed for four weeks by L23-E3/49K cells included an extended population of regulatory T cells. Cytotoxicity of effector T and natural killer cells against L23 cells was significantly reduced (40 to 50%) by E3/49K expression. B cell activation and antibody production to E3/49K expressing cells was also diminished. Surprisingly, pUL11 expression showed no effects. Reduction of human anti-pig immune responses by transgenic expression of selected viral genes may be a novel approach for protection of porcine xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pokoyski
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Baars
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Windheim
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Reubold
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Brinkmann
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Penelope C Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwinzer
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Draghi A, Presti M, Jensen AWP, Chamberlain CA, Albieri B, Rasmussen ACK, Andersen MH, Crowther MD, Svane IM, Donia M. Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3937-3947. [PMID: 37126006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired MHCI-presentation and insensitivity to immune effector molecules are common features of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant tumors and can be, respectively, associated with loss of β2 microglobulin (B2M) or impaired IFNγ signaling. Patients with ICB-resistant tumors can respond to alternative immunotherapies, such as infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). CD4+ T cells can exert cytotoxic functions against tumor cells; however, it is unclear whether CD4+ T-cell responses can be exploited to improve the clinical outcomes of patients affected by ICB-resistant tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we exploited CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing to reproduce immune-resistant tumor phenotypes via gene knockout (KO). To determine the role of cytotoxic CD4+ TILs in ICB-resistant tumors, we investigated CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity in matched pairs of TILs and autologous melanoma cell lines, used as a model of patient-specific immune-tumor interaction. Around 40% of melanomas constitutively express MHC Class II molecules; hence, melanomas with or without natural constitutive MHC Class II expression (MHCIIconst+ or MHCIIconst-) were used. RESULTS CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was not affected by B2M loss but was dependent on the expression of CIITA. MHCIIconst+ melanomas were killed by tumor-specific CD4+ TILs even in the absence of IFNγ-mediated MHCII upregulation, whereas IFNγ was necessary for CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity against MHCIIconst- melanomas. Notably, although tumor-specific CD4+ TILs did not kill JAK1KO MHCIIconst- melanomas even after IFNγ stimulation, sensitivity to CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was maintained by JAK1KO MHCIIconst+ melanomas. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that exploiting tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4+ TILs could help overcome resistance to ICB mediated by IFNγ-signaling loss in MHCIIconst+ melanomas. See related commentary by Betof Warner and Luke, p. 3829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Agnete W P Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benedetta Albieri
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne-Christine K Rasmussen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads H Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael D Crowther
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Wang T, Wei L, Meng S, Song W, Chen Y, Li H, Zhao Q, Jiang Z, Liu D, Ren H, Hong X. Coordinated Priming of NKG2D Pathway by IL-15 Enhanced Functional Properties of Cytotoxic CD4 +CD28 - T Cells Expanded in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Inflammation 2023; 46:1587-1601. [PMID: 37415045 PMCID: PMC10567942 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, and numerous aberrations of T cell responses have been reported and were implicated in its pathophysiology. Recently, CD4-positive T cells with cytotoxic potential were shown to be involved in autoimmune disease progression and tissue damage. However, the effector functions of this cell type and their potential molecular mechanisms in SLE patients remain to be elucidated. In this study, we find that cytotoxic CD4+CD28- T cells are expanded in SLE patients with flow cytometry analysis, and the percentage of CD4+CD28- T cells positively correlates with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI). Furthermore, our study suggests that interleukin-15 (IL-15) promotes the expansion, proliferation, and cytotoxic function of CD4+CD28- T cells in SLE patients through activation of the Janus kinase3-STAT5 pathway. Further study indicates that IL-15 not only mediates the upregulation of NKG2D, but also cooperates with the NKG2D pathway to regulate the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Together, our study demonstrated that proinflammatory and cytolytic CD4+CD28- T cells expand in SLE patients. The pathogenic potential of these CD4+CD28- T cells is driven by the coupling of the IL-15/IL-15R signaling pathway and the NKG2D/DAP10 signaling pathway, which may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent SLE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Laiyou Wei
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wencong Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Huan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Singh S, Barik D, Arukha AP, Prasad S, Mohapatra I, Singh A, Singh G. Small Molecule Targeting Immune Cells: A Novel Approach for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 37892995 PMCID: PMC10604364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and cancer immunotherapies encompass diverse strategies to address various cancer types and stages. However, combining these approaches often encounters limitations such as non-specific targeting, resistance development, and high toxicity, leading to suboptimal outcomes in many cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is orchestrated by intricate interactions between immune and non-immune cells dictating tumor progression. An innovative avenue in cancer therapy involves leveraging small molecules to influence a spectrum of resistant cell populations within the TME. Recent discoveries have unveiled a phenotypically diverse cohort of innate-like T (ILT) cells and tumor hybrid cells (HCs) exhibiting novel characteristics, including augmented proliferation, migration, resistance to exhaustion, evasion of immunosurveillance, reduced apoptosis, drug resistance, and heightened metastasis frequency. Leveraging small-molecule immunomodulators to target these immune players presents an exciting frontier in developing novel tumor immunotherapies. Moreover, combining small molecule modulators with immunotherapy can synergistically enhance the inhibitory impact on tumor progression by empowering the immune system to meticulously fine-tune responses within the TME, bolstering its capacity to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review outlines strategies involving small molecules that modify immune cells within the TME, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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40
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Crater JM, Dunn DC, Nixon DF, Furler O’Brien RL. A History and Atlas of the Human CD4 + T Helper Cell. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2608. [PMID: 37892982 PMCID: PMC10604283 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have orchestrated and regulated immunity since the introduction of jawed vertebrates, yet our understanding of CD4+ T cell evolution, development, and cellular physiology has only begun to be unearthed in the past few decades. Discoveries of genetic diseases that ablate this cellular population have provided insight into their critical functions while transcriptomics, proteomics, and high-resolution microscopy have recently revealed new insights into CD4+ T cell anatomy and physiology. This article compiles historical, microscopic, and multi-omics data that can be used as a reference atlas and index to dissect cellular physiology within these influential cells and further understand pathologies like HIV infection that inflict human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Groß-Albenhausen E, Weier A, Velten M, Heider T, Chunder R, Kuerten S. Immune monitoring of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and B cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254128. [PMID: 37841269 PMCID: PMC10569464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the development of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been significant interest in determining the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients under immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ocrelizumab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and B cell responses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods To this end, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from n = 23 patients with RRMS. Of these patients, n = 17 were tested before (time point t0) and one month after (time point t1) their first dose of ocrelizumab. In addition, we studied n = 9 RRMS patients that got infected with SARS-CoV-2 over the course of ocrelizumab therapy (time point t2). PBMCs were also isolated from n = 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) after vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granzyme B (GzB)/perforin (PFN) double-color enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays or single-color ELISPOT assays were performed to measure SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cell and B cell responses. Anti-viral antibody titers were quantified in the serum by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Our data indicate a significant difference in the SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-γ (P = 0.0119) and PFN (P = 0.0005) secreting T cell compartment in the MS cohort at t0 compared to HCs. Following the first dose of ocrelizumab treatment, a significant decrease in the number of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific B cells was observed (P = 0.0012). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients under ocrelizumab therapy did not significantly alter their existing immune response against the virus. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that the spike S1 protein-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G response might be a key parameter for predicting the probability of (re)infection with SARS-CoV-2. Discussion Our results call for a critical discussion regarding appropriate vaccination intervals and potential biomarkers for the prediction of (re)infection with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with MS receiving ocrelizumab. Unique identifier DRKS00029110; URL: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Groß-Albenhausen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alicia Weier
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heider
- Clinic for Neurology, Klinikum St. Marien Amberg, Amberg, Germany
| | - Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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42
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Caraba A, Iurciuc S, Nicolin M, Iurciuc M. Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Correlation with Serum Biomarkers of Disease Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13918. [PMID: 37762225 PMCID: PMC10531316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and serum cytokines, anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, beta-2 microglobulin levels, focus score and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. The study included 90 patients with pSS and 45 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender, as controls. Serum beta-2 microglobulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed in both the groups. Patients with pSS were also tested for antinuclear antibodies, anti-SAA (anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A) antibodies, anti-SSB (anti-Sjögren syndrome related antigen B) antibodies, and focus score (the histopathologic one, based on minor salivary gland biopsy). Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by means of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and the Pearson's correlation. Differences were considered to be statistically significant if the value of p < 0.05. Endothelial dysfunction was identified in pSS patients (p < 0.00001). The serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, respective IL-6) and beta-2 microglobulin were increased in pSS patients compared with controls (p < 0.00001). Endothelial dysfunction (expressed as FMD%) was correlated with focus score, ESSDAI, levels of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, beta-2 microglobulin, IL-6, and TNF-α, with statistical significance. Endothelial dysfunction is present in pSS patients and is associated with a high focus score and activity as well as increased concentrations of antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and beta 2-microglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Caraba
- 3rd Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Rheumatology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Nicolin
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Popescu” Military Hospital, 300080 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mircea Iurciuc
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Lockhart A, Reed A, Rezende de Castro T, Herman C, Campos Canesso MC, Mucida D. Dietary protein shapes the profile and repertoire of intestinal CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214115. [PMID: 37191720 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system must tolerate food antigens to avoid allergy, a process requiring CD4+ T cells. Combining antigenically defined diets with gnotobiotic models, we show that food and microbiota distinctly influence the profile and T cell receptor repertoire of intestinal CD4+ T cells. Independent of the microbiota, dietary proteins contributed to accumulation and clonal selection of antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells at the intestinal epithelium, imprinting a tissue-specialized transcriptional program including cytotoxic genes on both conventional and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs). This steady state CD4+ T cell response to food was disrupted by inflammatory challenge, and protection against food allergy in this context was associated with Treg clonal expansion and decreased proinflammatory gene expression. Finally, we identified both steady-state epithelium-adapted CD4+ T cells and tolerance-induced Tregs that recognize dietary antigens, suggesting that both cell types may be critical for preventing inappropriate immune responses to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Lockhart
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Aubrey Reed
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Calvin Herman
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
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44
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Cai Y, Zhong H, Huang Z. Meta-analysis of efficacy of Chinese medicine compound combined with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:4439-4453. [PMID: 37560248 PMCID: PMC10408497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a prevalent malignant tumor in clinical practice, with the highest incidence rate among otorhinolaryngological malignant tumors. OBJECTIVES This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine compound (CMC) combined with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). METHODS Relevant essays published before November 20, 2021, were retrieved from China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CQVIP), Wanfang database, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Randomized controlled trials regarding the clinical efficacy of CMC combined with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of LA-NPC were included. RESULTS A total of 15 publications involving 1324 patients were included in this study, including 665 in the experimental group and 659 in the control group. Meta-analyses revealed that compared with radiotherapy or chemotherapy only, CMC combined with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for LA-NPC significantly improved the efficacy [risk ratio (RR)=1.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (1.09, 1.20), P<0.00001], the quality of life [RR=1.35, 95% CI (1.13, 1.62), P=0.0009], immune function indices CD4+ levels [RR=6.2, 95% CI (3.64, 8.76), P<0.00001], CD4+/CD8+ [RR=0.33, 95% CI (0.14, 0.53), P=0.0009], and alleviated the decrease in white blood cell counts [RR=0.67, 95% CI (0.52, 0.86), P=0.002]. CONCLUSION CMC combined with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of LA-NPC can significantly improve the efficacy and reduce severe adverse reactions caused by conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, due to limitations in the quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality, multi-center, and large sample-size studies are needed to provide high-level and high-quality medical evidence for systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huaping Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical CollegeGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenhe Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Aybay E, Ryu J, Fu Z, Akula S, Enriquez EM, Hallgren J, Wernersson S, Olsson AK, Hellman L. Extended cleavage specificities of human granzymes A and K, two closely related enzymes with conserved but still poorly defined functions in T and NK cell-mediated immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211295. [PMID: 37497217 PMCID: PMC10366535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Granzymes A and K are two highly homologous serine proteases expressed by mammalian cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). Granzyme A is the most abundant of the different granzymes (gzms) expressed by these two cell types. Gzms A and K are found in all jawed vertebrates and are the most well conserved of all hematopoietic serine proteases. Their potential functions have been studied extensively for many years, however, without clear conclusions. Gzm A was for many years thought to serve as a key component in the defense against viral infection by the induction of apoptosis in virus-infected cells, similar to gzm B. However, later studies have questioned this role and instead indicated that gzm A may act as a potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Gzms A and K form clearly separate branches in a phylogenetic tree indicating separate functions. Transcriptional analyses presented here demonstrate the presence of gzm A and K transcripts in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To enable screening for their primary biological targets we have made a detailed analysis of their extended cleavage specificities. Phage display analysis of the cleavage specificity of the recombinant enzymes showed that both gzms A and K are strict tryptases with high selectivity for Arg over Lys in the P1 position. The major differences in the specificities of these two enzymes are located N-terminally of the cleavage site, where gzm A prefers small amino acids such as Gly in the P3 position and shows a relatively relaxed selectivity in the P2 position. In contrast, gzm K prefers large amino acids such as Phe, Tyr, and Trp in both the P2 and P3 positions and does not tolerate negatively charged residues in the P2 position. This major distinction in extended specificities is likely reflected also in preferred in vivo targets of these two enzymes. This information can now be utilized for high-precision screening of primary targets for gzms A and K in search of their highly conserved but still poorly defined functions in vertebrate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Aybay
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jinhye Ryu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Mendez Enriquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yura Y, Hamada M. Outline of Salivary Gland Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11179. [PMID: 37446355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of exocrine glands such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. The minor salivary glands, from which tissue samples may be obtained, are important for the diagnosis, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and genetic analyses of SS. In the onset of SS, autoantigens derived from the salivary glands are recognized by antigen-presenting dendritic cells, leading to the activation of T and B cells, cytokine production, autoantibody production by plasma cells, the formation of ectopic germinal centers, and the destruction of salivary gland epithelial cells. A recent therapeutic approach with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant tumors enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic effector T cells, but also induces SS-like autoimmune disease as an adverse event. In the treatment of xerostomia, muscarinic agonists and salivary gland duct cleansing procedure, as well as sialendoscopy, are expected to ameliorate symptoms. Clinical trials on biological therapy to attenuate the hyperresponsiveness of B cells in SS patients with systemic organ involvement have progressed. The efficacy of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells for SS has also been investigated. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathogenesis of salivary gland lesions and recent trends in therapeutic approaches for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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Scott O, Visuvanathan S, Reddy E, Mahamed D, Gu B, Roifman CM, Cohn RD, Guidos CJ, Ivakine EA. The human Stat1 gain-of-function T385M mutation causes expansion of activated T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like CD4 T cells and sex-biased autoimmunity in specific pathogen-free mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183273. [PMID: 37275873 PMCID: PMC10235531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Humans with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), a potent immune regulator, experience frequent infections. About one-third, especially those with DNA-binding domain (DBD) mutations such as T385M, also develop autoimmunity, sometimes accompanied by increases in T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 effector T cells, resembling those that differentiate following infection-induced STAT1 signaling. However, environmental and molecular mechanisms contributing to autoimmunity in STAT1 GOF patients are not defined. Methods We generated Stat1T385M/+ mutant mice to model the immune impacts of STAT1 DBD GOF under specific-pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Results Stat1T385M/+ lymphocytes had more total Stat1 at baseline and also higher amounts of IFNg-induced pStat1. Young mutants exhibited expansion of Tfh-like cells, while older mutants developed autoimmunity accompanied by increased Tfh-like cells, B cell activation and germinal center (GC) formation. Mutant females exhibited these immune changes sooner and more robustly than males, identifying significant sex effects of Stat1T385M-induced immune dysregulation. Single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) analysis revealed that Stat1T385M activated transcription of GC-associated programs in both B and T cells. However, it had the strongest transcriptional impact on T cells, promoting aberrant CD4 T cell activation and imparting both Tfh-like and Th1-like effector programs. Discussion Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the absence of overt infection, Stat1T385M disrupted naïve CD4 T cell homeostasis and promoted expansion and differentiation of abnormal Tfh/Th1-like helper and GC-like B cells, eventually leading to sex-biased autoimmunity, suggesting a model for STAT1 GOF-induced immune dysregulation and autoimmune sequelae in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Scott
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shagana Visuvanathan
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Reddy
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deeqa Mahamed
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chaim M. Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald D. Cohn
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lockhart A, Reed A, de Castro TR, Herman C, Canesso MCC, Mucida D. Dietary protein shapes the profile and repertoire of intestinal CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536475. [PMID: 37090529 PMCID: PMC10120666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system must tolerate food antigens to avoid allergy, a process requiring CD4 + T cells. Combining antigenically defined diets with gnotobiotic models, we show that food and microbiota distinctly influence the profile and T cell receptor repertoire of intestinal CD4 + T cells. Independent of the microbiota, dietary proteins contributed to accumulation and clonal selection of antigen-experienced CD4 + T cells at the intestinal epithelium, imprinting a tissue specialized transcriptional program including cytotoxic genes on both conventional and regulatory CD4 + T cells (Tregs). This steady state CD4 + T cell response to food was disrupted by inflammatory challenge, and protection against food allergy in this context was associated with Treg clonal expansion and decreased pro-inflammatory gene expression. Finally, we identified both steady state epithelium-adapted CD4 + T cells and tolerance-induced Tregs that recognize dietary antigens, suggesting that both cell types may be critical for preventing inappropriate immune responses to food.
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50
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Wayman JA, Thomas A, Bejjani A, Katko A, Almanan M, Godarova A, Korinfskaya S, Cazares TA, Yukawa M, Kottyan LC, Barski A, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Miraldi ER. An atlas of gene regulatory networks for memory CD4 + T cells in youth and old age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531590. [PMID: 36945549 PMCID: PMC10028906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging profoundly affects immune-system function, promoting susceptibility to pathogens, cancers and chronic inflammation. We previously identified a population of IL-10-producing, T follicular helper-like cells (" Tfh10 "), linked to suppressed vaccine responses in aged mice. Here, we integrate single-cell ( sc )RNA-seq, scATAC-seq and genome-scale modeling to characterize Tfh10 - and the full CD4 + memory T cell ( CD4 + TM ) compartment - in young and old mice. We identified 13 CD4 + TM populations, which we validated through cross-comparison to prior scRNA-seq studies. We built gene regulatory networks ( GRNs ) that predict transcription-factor control of gene expression in each T-cell population and how these circuits change with age. Through integration with pan-cell aging atlases, we identified intercellular-signaling networks driving age-dependent changes in CD4 + TM. Our atlas of finely resolved CD4 + TM subsets, GRNs and cell-cell communication networks is a comprehensive resource of predicted regulatory mechanisms operative in memory T cells, presenting new opportunities to improve immune responses in the elderly.
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