1
|
Zhang Y, Wan Y, Xin X, Qiao Y, Qiao W, Ping J, Su J. Signals from intestinal microbiota mediate the crosstalk between the lung-gut axis in an influenza infection mouse model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1435180. [PMID: 39114658 PMCID: PMC11304505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: The influenza virus primarily targets the respiratory tract, yet both the respiratory and intestinal systems suffer damage during infection. The connection between lung and intestinal damage remains unclear. Methods Our experiment employs 16S rRNA technology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the impact of influenza virus infection on the fecal content and metabolites in mice. Additionally, it investigates the effect of influenza virus infection on intestinal damage and its underlying mechanisms through HE staining, Western blot, Q-PCR, and flow cytometry. Results Our study found that influenza virus infection caused significant damage to both the lungs and intestines, with the virus detected exclusively in the lungs. Antibiotic treatment worsened the severity of lung and intestinal damage. Moreover, mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and Interferon-b (IFN-b) significantly increased in the lungs post-infection. Analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed notable shifts in composition after influenza infection, including increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased Lactobacillaceae. Conversely, antibiotic treatment reduced microbial diversity, notably affecting Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolomics showed altered amino acid metabolism pathways due to influenza infection and antibiotics. Abnormal expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the colon disrupted the balance between helper T17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the intestine. Mice infected with the influenza virus and supplemented with tryptophan and Lactobacillus showed reduced lung and intestinal damage, decreased Enterobacteriaceae levels in the intestine, and decreased IDO1 activity. Discussion Overall, influenza infection caused damage to lung and intestinal tissues, disrupted intestinal microbiota and metabolites, and affected Th17/Treg balance. Antibiotic treatment exacerbated these effects. Supplementation with tryptophan and Lactobacillus improved lung and intestinal health, highlighting a new understanding of the lung-intestine connection in influenza-induced intestinal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youdi Wan
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Qiao
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenna Qiao
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Su
- Laboratory of Animal Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zha M, Zhu S, Chen Y. Probiotics and Cat Health: A Review of Progress and Prospects. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1080. [PMID: 38930462 PMCID: PMC11205573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cats are increasingly favored as companion animals; their health has drawn widespread attention. Given the continuous improvements in the required living standards of both humans and animals, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, diarrhea, constipation, periodontal disease, obesity, diabetes, and other health issues have become recognized as valid pet problems. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat pet diseases, greatly improving animal health. However, antibiotic abuse is common, especially when seeking to treat bacterial infections. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that may be directly ingested in food or as feed additives; they improve the intestinal microflora balance, enhance immunity, and ensure healthy growth. However, cat data are usually inferred from reports on dogs or humans; cat research remains preliminary in nature. Therefore, we here describe the current understanding of how probiotics improve cat health, facilitating the further development and application of probiotics for cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musu Zha
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | | | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu K, Zhang C, Li G. Complete Genome Sequence and Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus acidilactici CLP03 Isolated from Healthy Felis catus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10187-y. [PMID: 37953343 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are available from various sources, including the gastrointestinal tract of healthy animals. In this study, Pediococcus acidilactici was isolated for the first time from Felis catus and evaluated for its functionality. The findings revealed that P. acidilactici CLP03 exhibited inhibitory properties against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and L. monocytogenes). Then, survival of strains exposed to pH 2.5, 0.3% bile salts, 0.5% bile salts, and gastrointestinal fluids was 63.97%, 98.84%, 87.95%, and 52.45%, respectively. Also, P. acidilactici CLP03 demonstrated high hydrophobicity (69.63-82.03%) and self-aggregation (73.51-81.44%), negative for hemolytic, and was susceptible to clindamycin. Finally, the scavenging rates of DPPH, ABTS, and O2- were 53.55%, 54.81%, and 85.13%, respectively, which demonstrated that the strain CLP03 has good oxidation resistance. All these characteristics contribute to the survival, colonization, and functionality of the strain in the gastrointestinal tract, indicating their excellent probiotic potential. On the other hand, animal experiments (KM mice, randomly assigned to four groups) showed that the gavage of CLP03 had no toxic effects on mice, increased the serum SOD content, and decreased the MDA and BUN contents, which revealed gavage of CLP03 significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of mice in vivo. In addition, complete genome annotation showed that P. acidilactici CLP03 had 1976 CDS genes, and the numbers of CRISPR, gene islands, and phages were 8, 3, and 6, respectively. In conclusion, P. acidilactici CLP03 could be a candidate functional cat probiotic to enhance animal health and welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yueyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Qingdao Function Pet Technology Biology, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vientós‐Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Reinero CR. The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1641-1655. [PMID: 37551852 PMCID: PMC10473014 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut-lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut-lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós‐Plotts
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rozaliyani A, Antariksa B, Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Setianingrum F, Hasan F, Nugrahapraja H, Yusva H, Wibowo H, Bowolaksono A, Kosmidis C. The Fungal and Bacterial Interface in the Respiratory Mycobiome with a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041017. [PMID: 37109545 PMCID: PMC10142979 DOI: 10.3390/life13041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the lung microbiome and its alteration are prevalently seen among chronic lung diseases patients. However, studies to date have primarily focused on the bacterial microbiome in the lung rather than fungal composition, which might play an essential role in the mechanisms of several chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that Aspergillus spp. colonies may induce various unfavorable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, bacterial microbiomes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide several mechanisms that inhibit or stimulate Aspergillus spp. life cycles. In this review, we highlighted fungal and bacterial microbiome interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on Aspergillus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Antariksa
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firman Hasan
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40312, Indonesia
| | - Humaira Yusva
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Werner M, Weeger J, Hörner-Schmid L, Weber K, Palić J, Shih J, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Schulz B. Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148849. [PMID: 37051512 PMCID: PMC10083293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWhile feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences.MethodsTwenty-two client-owned cats with FA (n = 15) or CB (n = 7) confirmed via bronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups.ResultsEvenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon p = 0.084, Chao 1 p = 0.698, observed ASVs p = 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric, R-value 0.086, p = 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric, R-value −0.089, p = 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric, R-value −0.072, p = 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected for Actinobacteria on the phylum level (p = 0.026), Mycoplasma spp. (p = 0.048), and Acinetobacteria (p = 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by Bacteriodetes (median 12 months, range 2–58 months) compared to animals dominated by Proteobacteria (median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months; p = 0.003).Conclusions and relevanceLung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantly Proteobacteria to a pattern more dominated by Bacteriodetes. A substantial proportion of cats tested positive for Mycoplasma spp. via sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Weeger
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Hörner-Schmid
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jelena Palić
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Shih
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bianka Schulz
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bianka Schulz
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gookin JL, Strong SJ, Bruno-Bárcena JM, Stauffer SH, Williams S, Wassack E, Azcarate-Peril MA, Estrada M, Seguin A, Balzer J, Davidson G. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of feline-origin Enterococcus hirae probiotic effects on preventative health and fecal microbiota composition of fostered shelter kittens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923792. [PMID: 36467638 PMCID: PMC9714445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea is the second most common cause of mortality in shelter kittens. Studies examining prevention strategies in this population are lacking. Probiotics are of particular interest but studies in cats are largely limited to healthy adults or those with induced disease. Only one study in domestic cats describes the use of host-derived bacteria as a probiotic. We previously identified Enterococcus hirae as a dominant species colonizing the small intestinal mucosa in healthy shelter kittens. Oral administration of a probiotic formulation of kitten-origin E. hirae (strain 1002-2) mitigated the increase in intestinal permeability and fecal water loss resulting from experimental enteropathogenic E. coli infection in purpose-bred kittens. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that administration of kitten-origin E. hirae to weaned fostered shelter kittens could provide a measurable preventative health benefit. METHODS We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trial to determine the impact of a freeze-dried E. hirae probiotic on body weight gain, incidence of diarrhea, carriage of potential diarrheal pathogens, and composition of the intestinal microbiota in weaned fostered shelter kittens. RESULTS One-hundred thirty kittens completed the study. Fifty-eight kittens received the probiotic and 72 received the placebo. There were no significant differences in age, weight upon initiation of the study, number of days in the study, average daily gain in body weight, or weight at completion of the study. Kittens treated with E. hirae were 3.4 times less likely to develop diarrhea compared to kittens treated with placebo (odds ratio = 0.294, 95% CI 0.109-0.792, p = 0.022). A significant impact of E. hirae was not observed on the presence or abundance of 30 different bacterial, viral, protozoal, fungal, algal, and parasitic agents in feces examined by qPCR. With exception to a decrease in Megamonas, administration of the E. hirae probiotic did not alter the predominant bacterial phyla present in feces based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. DISCUSSION Decreased incidence of diarrhea associated with preventative administration of E. hirae to foster kittens supports a rationale for use of E. hirae for disease prevention in this young population at high risk for intestinal disease though additional studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sandra J Strong
- Department of Environmental Services, Wake County Animal Center, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Orange County Animal Services, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - José M Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Stephen H Stauffer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shelby Williams
- Veterinary Hospital Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- University of Wisconsin Veterinary Care, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Erica Wassack
- Veterinary Hospital Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marko Estrada
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Alexis Seguin
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Joerg Balzer
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Gigi Davidson
- Veterinary Hospital Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Di D, Sun Q, Yao X, Wei J, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Qiu Y, Liu H, Cheng Z, Ma Z. Comparative Analyses of the Gut Microbiota in Growing Ragdoll Cats and Felinae Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182467. [PMID: 36139326 PMCID: PMC9494971 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Accumulating studies have revealed that the gut microbiota had intimate relations with the animal gastrointestinal tract diseases. Through regulating the development of the host’s intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota could directly influence the host’s intestinal function. In the current study, the gut microbiota of Ragdoll cats and Felinae cats were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the Felinae cats were much higher than in the Ragdoll cats. However, the relative abundances of beneficial microbes in the Ragdoll cats were much higher than those in the Felinae cats. In all, different genetic portraits determined the different microbial communities in the feline gut. The candidate probiotics isolated in the growing cat’s gut might be applied to treat the gastrointestinal tract diseases. Abstract Today, domestic cats are important human companion animals for their appearance and favorable personalities. During the history of their domestication, the morphological and genetic portraits of domestic cats changed significantly from their wild ancestors, and the gut microbial communities of different breeds of cats also apparently differ. In the current study, the gut microbiota of Ragdoll cats and Felinae cats were analyzed and compared. Our data indicated that the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the Felinae cats were much higher than in the Ragdoll cats. The taxonomic analyses revealed that the most predominant phyla of the feline gut microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Campilobacterota, and others, while the most predominant genera were Anaerococcus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Finegoldia, Porphyromonas, Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Prevotella, and others. Different microbial communities between the Ragdoll group and the Felinae group were observed, and the compared results demonstrated that the relative abundances of beneficial microbes (such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Blautia, Roseburia, and so on) in the Ragdoll group were much higher than in the Felinae group. The co-occurrence network revealed that the number of nodes and links in the Felinae group was significantly higher than the Ragdoll group, which meant that the network of the Felinae group was larger and more complex than that of the Ragdoll group. PICRUSt function analyses indicated that the differences in microbial genes might influence the energy metabolism and immune functions of the host. In all, our data demonstrated that the richness and diversity of beneficial microbes in the Ragdoll group were much higher than the Felinae group. Therefore, it is possible to isolate and identify more candidate probiotics in the gut microbiota of growing Ragdoll cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Di Di
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- Nanjing Policedog Insitute of the Ministry of Public Security, Nanjing 210012, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-21-3429-3139 (Z.M.); Fax: +86-21-5408-1818 (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-21-3429-3139 (Z.M.); Fax: +86-21-5408-1818 (Z.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, McAdams ZL, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Respiratory dysbiosis in cats with spontaneous allergic asthma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930385. [PMID: 36157187 PMCID: PMC9492960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deviations from a core airway microbiota have been associated with the development and progression of asthma as well as disease severity. Pet cats represent a large animal model for allergic asthma, as they spontaneously develop a disease similar to atopic childhood asthma. This study aimed to describe the lower airway microbiota of asthmatic pet cats and compare it to healthy cats to document respiratory dysbiosis occurring with airway inflammation. We hypothesized that asthmatic cats would have lower airway dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in richness, diversity, and alterations in microbial community composition including identification of possible pathobionts. In the current study, a significant difference in airway microbiota composition was documented between spontaneously asthmatic pet cats and healthy research cats mirroring the finding of dysbiosis in asthmatic humans. Filobacterium and Acinetobacter spp. were identified as predominant taxa in asthmatic cats without documented infection based on standard culture and could represent pathobionts in the lower airways of cats. Mycoplasma felis, a known lower airway pathogen of cats, was identified in 35% of asthmatic but not healthy cats. This article has been published alongside "Temporal changes of the respiratory microbiota as cats transition from health to experimental acute and chronic allergic asthma" (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós-Plotts
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, McAdams ZL, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Temporal changes of the respiratory microbiota as cats transition from health to experimental acute and chronic allergic asthma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:983375. [PMID: 36090168 PMCID: PMC9453837 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.983375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, deviation from a core airway microbiota may predispose to development, exacerbation, or progression of asthma. We proposed to describe microbiota changes using 16 rRNA sequencing in samples from the upper and lower airways, and rectal swabs of 8 cats after experimental induction of asthma using Bermuda grass allergen, in acute (6 weeks) and chronic (36 weeks) stages. We hypothesized that asthma induction would decrease richness and diversity and alter microbiota composition and structure in the lower airways, without significantly impacting other sites. After asthma induction, richness decreased in rectal (p = 0.014) and lower airway (p = 0.016) samples. B diversity was significantly different between health and chronic asthma in all sites, and between all time points for lower airways. In healthy lower airways Pseudomonadaceae comprised 80.4 ± 1.3% whereas Sphingobacteriaceae and Xanthobacteraceae predominated (52.4 ± 2.2% and 33.5 ± 2.1%, respectively), and Pseudomonadaceae was absent, in 6/8 cats with chronic asthma. This study provides evidence that experimental induction of asthma leads to dysbiosis in the airways and distant sites in both the acute and chronic stages of disease. This article has been published alongside "Respiratory dysbiosis in cats with spontaneous allergic asthma" (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós-Plotts
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, He L, Zhao Q, Bo T. Microbial and metabolic profiles of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and therapeutic effects of potential probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium bifidum. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:908-921. [PMID: 35488863 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory disease in newborns; however, there is no effective treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of the potential probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) on BPD using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Fecal samples were collected from 10 BPD patients and 10 healthy subjects. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that microbial diversity was decreased and compositions were affected in BPD. Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were increased in the BPD group, and Enterobacteriaceae, Megamonas, Blautia, Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus), [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, Phascolarctobacterium and Bifidobacterium were reduced. Metabolomics analysis identified 129 differentiated metabolites that were changed in BPD patients, and they were associated with a preference for carbohydrate metabolism in translation and metabolism during genetic information processing. Correlation analysis revealed a remarkable relationship between gut microbiota and metabolites. Subsequently, a BPD cell model was constructed to test the effect of the potential probiotics. Cell function experiments verified that treatment with the potential probiotics L. reuteri and B. bifidum promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hyperoxia-induced MLE-12 cells. In addition, treatment with the potential probiotics L. reuteri and B. bifidum reduced inflammation and oxidative stress damage. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with the potential probiotics L. reuteri and B. bifidum could alleviate BPD and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress damage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT This study was the first to report positive roles for the potential probiotics L. reuteri and B. bifidum in BPD. The potential probiotics L. reuteri and B. bifidum were shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress damage in BPD. This study provided new insights on the pathogenesis and treatment of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim HS, Son J, Lee D, Tsai J, Wang D, Chocron ES, Jeong S, Kittrell P, Murchison CF, Kennedy RE, Tobon A, Jackson CE, Pickering AM. Gut- and oral-dysbiosis differentially impact spinal- and bulbar-onset ALS, predicting ALS severity and potentially determining the location of disease onset. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35189854 PMCID: PMC8862222 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies on the role of gut-microbiome in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis have yielded conflicting results. We hypothesized that gut- and oral-microbiome may differentially impact two clinically-distinct ALS subtypes (spinal-onset ALS (sALS) vs. bulbar-onset ALS (bALS), driving disagreement in the field. METHODS ALS patients diagnosed within 12 months and their spouses as healthy controls (n = 150 couples) were screened. For eligible sALS and bALS patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 20), 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing was done in fecal and saliva samples after DNA extractions to examine gut- and oral-microbiome differences. Microbial translocation to blood was measured by blood lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and 16S rDNA levels. ALS severity was assessed by Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). RESULTS sALS patients manifested significant gut-dysbiosis, primarily driven by increased fecal Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes-ratio (F/B-ratio). In contrast, bALS patients displayed significant oral-dysbiosis, primarily driven by decreased oral F/B-ratio. For sALS patients, gut-dysbiosis (a shift in fecal F/B-ratio), but not oral-dysbiosis, was strongly associated with greater microbial translocation to blood (r = 0.8006, P < 0.0001) and more severe symptoms (r = 0.9470, P < 0.0001). In contrast, for bALS patients, oral-dysbiosis (a shift in oral F/B-ratio), but not gut-dysbiosis, was strongly associated with greater microbial translocation to blood (r = 0.9860, P < 0.0001) and greater disease severity (r = 0.9842, P < 0.0001). For both ALS subtypes, greater microbial translocation was associated with more severe symptoms (sALS: r = 0.7924, P < 0.0001; bALS: r = 0.7496, P = 0.0067). Importantly, both sALS and bALS patients displayed comparable oral-motor deficits with associations between oral-dysbiosis and severity of oral-motor deficits in bALS but not sALS. This suggests that oral-dysbiosis is not simply caused by oral/bulbar/respiratory symptoms but represents a pathological driver of bALS. CONCLUSIONS We found increasing gut-dysbiosis with worsening symptoms in sALS patients and increasing oral-dysbiosis with worsening symptoms in bALS patients. Our findings support distinct microbial mechanisms underlying two ALS subtypes, which have been previously grouped together as a single disease. Our study suggests correcting gut-dysbiosis as a therapeutic strategy for sALS patients and correcting oral-dysbiosis as a therapeutic strategy for bALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harper S Kim
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Son
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Donghwan Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joy Tsai
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danny Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Seongwoo Jeong
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pamela Kittrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles F Murchison
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard E Kennedy
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alejandro Tobon
- Department of Neurology, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carlayne E Jackson
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mavrides DE, Morgan AL, Na JG, Graham PA, McHugh TD. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria associated with lower respiratory tract infections in cats and dogs in England. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e779. [PMID: 34379795 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial lower respiratory tract infections (bLRTIs) are common and potentially life threatening in cats and dogs. Antibiotic treatment is often initiated before the diagnosis of bLRTI; therefore improved knowledge of the aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these infections is essential to inform empiric antibiotic choices. METHODS A retrospective study of microbiological, cytological results and their drug susceptibilities from lower respiratory samples (n = 1989) processed in a UK commercial laboratory between 2002 and 2012 was carried out. RESULTS Thirty-nine per cent of feline samples and 50% of canine samples were positive for bacterial growth with most yielding a single organism (72 % and 69%, respectively). Bordetella bronchiseptica (20.2% from dogs and 2.3% from cats), Pasteurella spp. (23.2%, 31.8%), E. coli (16.2%, 13.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. (11.1%, 11.4%) were most frequently isolated from cytologically positive samples which contained intracellular bacteria (10%, 14%). Amoxycillin-clavulanate, cephalothin, cefovecin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed modest in vitro activity against E. coli from dogs (approximately 70% susceptibility). Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to enrofloxacin (50%), ticarcillin (25%) and marbofloxacin (13%) but showed lower or zero resistance to aminoglycosides (approximately 7%) and ciprofloxacin (0%). Multi drug resistance (acquired resistance to three or more antimicrobial drug classes) was particularly common among E. coli isolates, with 23% from feline samples and 43% from canine samples. CONCLUSION Resistance to certain first-choice antibiotics was detected in bLRTIs highlighting the need for continued monitoring and sound evidence to inform decision-making in the management of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E Mavrides
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice L Morgan
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jea G Na
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter A Graham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mach N, Baranowski E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:583600. [PMID: 34055660 PMCID: PMC8160460 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.583600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Baranowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Xavier Nouvel
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Citti
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang W, Jiang Y, Li A, Zhang J, Chen M, Hu L, Li Z, Wang D. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Airway Inflammation via Activation of ICOS +Tregs and Inhibition of Th2 Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620943. [PMID: 33815374 PMCID: PMC8010693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of allergic airway diseases (AAD) by immunomodulation of the adaptive immune system through restoration of the enteric dysbiosis is an emerging therapeutic strategy. Patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 6) were enrolled, and gut microbiome composition analysis was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We also established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation murine model. Dysbiosis of the gut flora was observed in both AAD patients and the mice, with the decrease of the biodiversity and the quantity of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Oral application of Bacteroides (B.) thetaiotaomicron ameliorated the symptoms of OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and attenuated the airway inflammation in mice. In addition, nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from AAD mice orally administered with B. thetaiotaomicron showed reduced numbers of immune cells, and diminished secretion of T helper (Th)-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) compared with the corresponding control mice, whereas the levels of Th1 cytokineIFN-γ was not changed in both the groups. When B. thetaiotaomicron was co-administered with metronidazole in AAD mice, the immunomodulatory effect was weakened and the allergic inflammatory response was aggravated. The ratios of CD4+Foxp3+ cells, CD4+ICOS+ T cells, CD4+ICOS+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and IL-10-expressing CD4+Foxp3+ cells were increased in lymphocytes of spleen, mesenteric, and cervical lymph nodes of AAD mice administrated with B. thetaiotaomicron. Therefore, our data indicate that oral administration of B. thetaiotaomicron effectively inhibited the development of AAD in murine model; inhibition was mediated by the activation of Tregs and inhibition of Th2 response without promoting a Th1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Hu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee EA, Johnson LR, Johnson EG, Vernau W. Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011-2018). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1291-1299. [PMID: 32338397 PMCID: PMC7255660 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in cats often is described as asthmatic (eosinophilic) or bronchitic (neutrophilic), but this designation requires collection of airway fluid and it fails to consider cats with mixed airway inflammation. Objective To identify clinical features that would differentiate inflammatory disease types. Animals Forty‐nine cats with nonspecific airway inflammation identified by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated. Methods This is a retrospective study. Cats were categorized by BAL differential cytology as having eosinophilic (eosinophils >20% with neutrophils <14%, or eosinophils >50%), mixed (eosinophils 20%‐50% and neutrophils >14% or discordant inflammation from 2 BAL sites), or neutrophilic (neutrophils >14% and eosinophils <20%) inflammation. Type and duration of presenting complaints, signalment, body condition score, respiratory rate, CBC results, bronchoscopy, BAL results (% recovery, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count), and radiographic findings were compared among groups. Results Idiopathic IAD was diagnosed in 49 cats, with BAL eosinophilic inflammation in 23, mixed inflammation in 14, and neutrophilic inflammation in 12. Cough was the predominant presenting complaint with no difference in duration of signs among groups (median, 5.5 months). Respiratory rate and effort also did not differ. Cats with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly younger (4.4 ± 3.3 years) than those with neutrophilic (8.0 ±5.6 years) or mixed inflammation (7.5 ± 4.0 years; P = .03). Results of CBC and interpretation of radiographic findings did not differ among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Substantial overlap exists in clinical and radiographic findings in cats with various forms of idiopathic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lee
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Piersigilli F, Van Grambezen B, Hocq C, Danhaive O. Nutrients and Microbiota in Lung Diseases of Prematurity: The Placenta-Gut-Lung Triangle. Nutrients 2020; 12:E469. [PMID: 32069822 PMCID: PMC7071142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory function is not only the foremost determinant of life after premature birth, but also a major factor of long-term outcomes. However, the path from placental disconnection to nutritional autonomy is enduring and challenging for the preterm infant and, at each step, will have profound influences on respiratory physiology and disease. Fluid and energy intake, specific nutrients such as amino-acids, lipids and vitamins, and their ways of administration -parenteral or enteral-have direct implications on lung tissue composition and cellular functions, thus affect lung development and homeostasis and contributing to acute and chronic respiratory disorders. In addition, metabolomic signatures have recently emerged as biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other neonatal diseases, suggesting a profound implication of specific metabolites such as amino-acids, acylcarnitine and fatty acids in lung injury and repair, inflammation and immune modulation. Recent advances have highlighted the profound influence of the microbiome on many short- and long-term outcomes in the preterm infant. Lung and intestinal microbiomes are deeply intricated, and nutrition plays a prominent role in their establishment and regulation. There is an emerging evidence that human milk prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, potentially through microbiome composition and/or inflammation modulation. Restoring antibiotic therapy-mediated microbiome disruption is another potentially beneficial action of human milk, which can be in part emulated by pre- and probiotics and supplements. This review will explore the many facets of the gut-lung axis and its pathophysiology in acute and chronic respiratory disorders of the prematurely born infant, and explore established and innovative nutritional approaches for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Bénédicte Van Grambezen
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Catheline Hocq
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ericsson AC, Personett AR, Rindt H, Grobman ME, Reinero CR. Respiratory dysbiosis and population-wide temporal dynamics in canine chronic bronchitis and non-inflammatory respiratory disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228085. [PMID: 31990924 PMCID: PMC6986754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs of people and companion animals are now recognized to harbor diverse, low biomass bacterial communities. While these communities are difficult to characterize using culture-based approaches, targeted molecular methods such as 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing can do so using DNA extracted from samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Previous studies identified a surprisingly uniform composition of the microbiota in the lungs of healthy research dogs living in a controlled environment, however there are no reports of the lung microbiota of client-owned dogs. Moreover, compositional changes in the lung microbiota depending on disease status have been reported in people, suggesting that similar events may occur in dogs, a species subject to several respiratory disease mechanisms analogous to those seen in people. To address these knowledge gaps, BALF samples from client-owned dogs presenting to the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center for respiratory signs between 2014 and 2017 were processed for and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on specific diagnostic criteria, dogs were categorized as Chronic Bronchitis (CB, n = 53) or non-CB (n = 11). Community structure was compared between groups, as well as to historical data from healthy research dogs (n = 16) of a uniform breed and environment. The lung microbiota detected in all client-owned dogs was markedly different in composition from that previously detected in research dogs and contained increased relative abundance of multiple canine fecal and environmental bacteria, likely due to aspiration associated with their clinical signs. While inter-sample diversity differed significantly between samples from CB and non-CB dogs, the variability within both groups made it difficult to discern reproducible bacterial classifiers of disease. During subsequent analyses to identify other sources of variability within the data however, population-wide temporal dynamics in community structure were observed, with substantial changes occurring in late 2015 and again in early 2017. A review of regional climate data indicated that the first change occurred during a historically warm and wet period, suggesting that changes in environmental conditions may be associated with changes in the respiratory microbiota in the context of respiratory disease. As the lung microbiota in humans and other animals is believed to result from repetitive micro-aspirations during health and in certain disease states associated with dyspnea and laryngeal dysfunction, these data support the increased colonization of the lower airways during compromised airway function, and the potential for temporal effects due to putative factors such as climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ACE); (CRR)
| | - Alexa R. Personett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Grobman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ACE); (CRR)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang K, Dong W. Perspectives on Probiotics and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:570247. [PMID: 33194897 PMCID: PMC7649774 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.570247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of preterm infants, associated with high morbidity and hospitalization expenses. With the revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis technology, increasing evidence indicates that children with BPD are affected by lung microbiota dysbiosis, which may be related to the illness occurrence and progression. However, dysbiosis treatment in BPD patients has not been fully investigated. Probiotics are living microorganisms known to improve human health for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and particularly by balancing gut microbiota composition, which promotes gut-lung axis recovery. The aim of the present review is to examine current evidence of lung microbiota dysbiosis and explore potential applications of probiotics in BPD, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Respiratory Dysbiosis in Canine Bacterial Pneumonia: Standard Culture vs. Microbiome Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:354. [PMID: 31681810 PMCID: PMC6798064 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown how the respiratory microbiome influences and is influenced by bacterial pneumonia in dogs, as culture of lung samples and not microbial sequencing guides clinical practice. While accurate identification of pathogens are essential for treatment, not all bacteria are cultivable and the impact of respiratory dysbiosis on development of pneumonia is unclear. The study purposes were to (1) characterize the lung microbiome in canine bacterial pneumonia and compare deviations in dominant microbial populations with historical healthy controls, (2) compare bacteria identified by culture vs. 16S rDNA sequencing from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture-, and (3) evaluate similarities in lung and oropharyngeal (OP) microbial communities in community-acquired and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Twenty BALF samples from 15 client-owned dogs diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia were enrolled. From a subset of dogs, OP swabs were collected. Extracted DNA underwent PCR of the 16S rRNA gene. Relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined. The relative abundance of bacterial community members found in health was decreased in dogs with pneumonia. Taxa identified via culture were not always the dominant phylotype identified with sequencing. Dogs with community-acquired pneumonia were more likely to have overgrowth of a single organism suggesting loss of dominant species associated with health. Dogs with secondary bacterial pneumonia had a greater regional continuity between the upper and lower airways. Collectively, these data suggest that dysbiosis occurs in canine bacterial pneumonia, and culture-independent techniques may provide greater depth of understanding of the changes in bacterial community composition that occur in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida I Vientós-Plotts
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carol R Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takahashi E, Sawabuchi T, Kimoto T, Sakai S, Kido H. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 feeding enhances humoral immune responses, which are suppressed by the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in influenza A virus-infected mice. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9559-9569. [PMID: 31495632 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir, are widely used for treatment of influenza virus infection. We reported previously that oseltamivir inhibits the viral growth cycle, ameliorates symptoms, and reduces viral antigen quantities. Suppressed viral antigen production, however, induces a reduction of acquired antiviral humoral immunity, and increases the incidence of re-infection rate in the following year. To achieve effective treatment of influenza virus infection, it is necessary to overcome these adverse effects of antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors. Feeding of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) OLL1073R-1 is reported to have immune-stimulatory effects on influenza virus infection in mice and humans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of feeding L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 yogurt cultures (YC) on local and systemic humoral immune responses, which were suppressed by oseltamivir treatment, in mice infected with influenza A virus. Yogurt culture (1.14 × 108 cfu/0.4 mL per mouse per day) or sterile water (vehicle) was administered by intragastric gavage for 35 d. At d 22, influenza A virus/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8; 0.5 pfu/15 μL per mouse) was instilled intranasally, followed immediately by oral administration of oseltamivir (50 μg/100 μL per mouse, twice daily) or 5% methylcellulose (100 μL/mouse) as a vehicle for 13 d. Titers of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and mucosal secretory IgA (S-IgA) and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed by ELISA at 14 d after infection. Oseltamivir significantly suppressed the induction of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and S-IgA and IgG in BALF after infection. Feeding YC mildly but significantly stimulated production of PR8-specific IgA in serum, S-IgA in BALF, and IgG in serum without changing the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. We analyzed the neutralizing activities against PR8 in serum and BALF and found that oseltamivir also reduced protective immunity, and YC feeding abrogated this effect. The immune-stimulatory tendency of YC on anti-PR8-specific IgA and IgG titers in serum and BALF was also detected in mice re-infected with PR8, but the effect was insignificant, unlike the effect of YC in the initial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - T Sawabuchi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - T Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - H Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M, Meydani SN. Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3160. [PMID: 30697214 PMCID: PMC6340979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune functions including improving defense function and thus resistance to infection, while maintaining tolerance. This review will examine the data representing the research on prominent intervention agents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), micronutrients (zinc, vitamins D and E), and functional foods including probiotics and tea components for their immunological effects, working mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Many of these nutritive and non-nutritive food components are related in their functions to maintain or improve immune function including inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, promotion of anti-inflammatory functions, modulation of cell-mediated immunity, alteration of antigen-presenting cell functions, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both animal and human studies present promising findings suggesting a clinical benefit of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA, and green tea catechin EGCG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, and probiotics in reduction of infection. However, many studies report divergent and discrepant results/conclusions due to various factors. Chief among them, and thus call for attention, includes more standardized trial designs, better characterized populations, greater consideration for the intervention doses used, and more meaningful outcome measurements chosen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Munyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mathieu E, Escribano-Vazquez U, Descamps D, Cherbuy C, Langella P, Riffault S, Remot A, Thomas M. Paradigms of Lung Microbiota Functions in Health and Disease, Particularly, in Asthma. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1168. [PMID: 30246806 PMCID: PMC6110890 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in our knowledge of the gut microbiota have broadened our vision of the microbes associated with the intestine. These microbes are essential actors and protectors of digestive and extra-digestive health and, by extension, crucial for human physiology. Similar reconsiderations are currently underway concerning the endogenous microbes of the lungs, with a shift in focus away from their involvement in infections toward a role in physiology. The discovery of the lung microbiota was delayed by the long-held view that the lungs of healthy individuals were sterile and by sampling difficulties. The lung microbiota has a low density, and the maintenance of small numbers of bacteria seems to be a critical determinant of good health. This review aims to highlight how knowledge about the lung microbiota can change our conception of lung physiology and respiratory health. We provide support for this point of view with knowledge acquired about the gut microbiota and intestinal physiology. We describe the main characteristics of the lung microbiota and its functional impact on lung physiology, particularly in healthy individuals, after birth, but also in asthma. We describe some of the physiological features of the respiratory tract potentially favoring the installation of a dysbiotic microbiota. The gut microbiota feeds and matures the intestinal epithelium and is involved in immunity, when the principal role of the lung microbiota seems to be the orientation and balance of aspects of immune and epithelial responsiveness. This implies that the local and remote effects of bacterial communities are likely to be determinant in many respiratory diseases caused by viruses, allergens or genetic deficiency. Finally, we discuss the reciprocal connections between the gut and lungs that render these two compartments inseparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Mathieu
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Unai Escribano-Vazquez
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Delphyne Descamps
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sabine Riffault
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aude Remot
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kell DB, Pretorius E. No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1518-1557. [PMID: 29575574 PMCID: PMC6055827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful conquest of many acute, communicable (infectious) diseases through the use of vaccines and antibiotics, the currently most prevalent diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, and are all accompanied by inflammation. These diseases include neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), vascular (e.g. atherosclerosis, pre-eclampsia, type 2 diabetes) and autoimmune (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) diseases that may appear to have little in common. In fact they all share significant features, in particular chronic inflammation and its attendant inflammatory cytokines. Such effects do not happen without underlying and initially 'external' causes, and it is of interest to seek these causes. Taking a systems approach, we argue that these causes include (i) stress-induced iron dysregulation, and (ii) its ability to awaken dormant, non-replicating microbes with which the host has become infected. Other external causes may be dietary. Such microbes are capable of shedding small, but functionally significant amounts of highly inflammagenic molecules such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Sequelae include significant coagulopathies, not least the recently discovered amyloidogenic clotting of blood, leading to cell death and the release of further inflammagens. The extensive evidence discussed here implies, as was found with ulcers, that almost all chronic, infectious diseases do in fact harbour a microbial component. What differs is simply the microbes and the anatomical location from and at which they exert damage. This analysis offers novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- The Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| |
Collapse
|