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Huang B, Zhao L, Campbell SC. Bidirectional Link Between Exercise and the Gut Microbiota. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:132-144. [PMID: 39190614 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is well known to exert beneficial changes to the gut microbiota. An emerging area is how the gut microbiota may regulate exercise tolerance. This review will summarize the current evidence on how exercise influences gut microbial communities, with emphasis on how disruptions or depletion of an intact gut microbiota impacts exercise tolerance as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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Batitucci G, Almeida OG, De Martinis ECP, Solar I, Cintra DE, de Freitas EC. Intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training do not alter gut microbiota composition in adult women with obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E241-E257. [PMID: 38922577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is advancing at an accelerated pace, and yet its treatment is still an emerging field. Although studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity, this is the first study to show the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), combined or not with exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the gut microbiota composition in women with obesity. Our hypothesis is that IF combined with HIIT can promote the remodeling of the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Thirty-six women with obesity, aged between 18 and 40 yr, participated in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: 1) IF associated with HIIT group [IF + exercise group (EX), n = 15]; 2) HIIT group (EX, n = 11); and 3) IF group (IF, n = 10). Interventions took place over 8 wk, and all assessments were performed preintervention and postintervention. The HIIT circuit was performed 3 times/wk, for 25 min/session. The IF protocol was a 5:2 (2 times/wk). Multiplex analysis of inflammatory cytokines, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and gas chromatography to measure fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05237154). Exercise increased fecal acetate concentrations (P = 0.04), but no changes were observed in the composition and functional profile of the microbiota. The interventions did not change the composition of the microbiota, but exercise may play a modulatory role in the production of acetate. This investigation provides clinical insights into the use of IF and HIIT for women with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation about alternate-day fasting combined with HITT on the gut microbiota of obese women. The study contributes to the advancement of human science involving IF and HIIT, popular strategies for managing obesity. Previous evidence has explored IF in modulating the microbiota in animal models or specific populations and clinical conditions. Despite the subtle outcomes, this study has relevance and originality in the field of gut microbiota knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batitucci
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Otávio G Almeida
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine C P De Martinis
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Solar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Kistler W, Villiger M, Villiger B, Yazici D, Pat Y, Mitamura Y, Ardicli S, Skolnick S, Dhir R, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Ogulur I, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier theory in the context of nutrition and environmental exposure in athletes. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39011970 DOI: 10.1111/all.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, leading to microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. Athletes and physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure to agents that damage the epithelial barriers and microbiome, and their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. Epithelial barrier-damaging substances include surfactants and enzymes in cleaning products, laundry and dishwasher detergents, chlorine in swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and diesel exhaust. Athletes' high-calorie diet often relies on processed foods that may contain food emulsifiers and other additives that may cause epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. The type of the material used in the sport equipment and clothing and their extensive exposure may increase the inflammatory effects. Excessive travel-related stress, sleep disturbances and different food and microbe exposure may represent additional factors. Here, we review the detrimental impact of toxic agents on epithelial barriers and microbiome; bring a new perspective on the factors affecting the health and performance of athletes and physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Kistler
- Medical Committee International Ice Hockey Federation, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Villiger
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Beat Villiger
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Skolnick
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Seed Health Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raja Dhir
- Seed Health Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hu X, Feng J, Lu J, Pang R, Zhang A, Liu J, Gou X, Bai X, Wang J, Chang C, Yin J, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chang Y, Wang W. Effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking on bowel function in motor-complete spinal cord injury patients: involvement of the brain-gut axis, a pilot study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1395671. [PMID: 38952922 PMCID: PMC11215087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1395671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that exoskeleton robots can improve intestinal function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This study investigated the effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking (EAW) on intestinal function and intestinal flora structure in T2-L1 motor complete paraplegia patients. The results showed that five participants in the EAW group and three in the conventional group reported improvements in at least one bowel management index, including an increased frequency of bowel evacuations, less time spent on bowel management per day, and less external assistance (manual digital stimulation, medication, and enema usage). After 8 weeks of training, the amount of glycerol used in the EAW group decreased significantly (p <0.05). The EAW group showed an increasing trend in the neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score after 8 weeks of training, while the conventional group showed a worsening trend. Patients who received the EAW intervention exhibited a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, while Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were upregulated. In addition, there were decreases in the abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, Blautia, Ruminococcus 2, and Megamonas. In contrast, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG002, Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Ralstonia, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bifidobacterium showed upregulation among the top 15 genera. The abundance of Ralstonia was significantly higher in the EAW group than in the conventional group, and Dialister increased significantly in EAW individuals at 8 weeks. This study suggests that EAW can improve intestinal function of SCI patients in a limited way, and may be associated with changes in the abundance of intestinal flora, especially an increase in beneficial bacteria. In the future, we need to further understand the changes in microbial groups caused by EAW training and all related impact mechanisms, especially intestinal flora metabolites. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Gou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Chang
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Care Alliance Jinchen Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjun Chang
- Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of T.C.M., Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Chen Y, Yang K, Xu M, Zhang Y, Weng X, Luo J, Li Y, Mao YH. Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1634. [PMID: 38892567 PMCID: PMC11175060 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract of humans harbors a dynamic and complex bacterial community known as the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in regulating functions such as metabolism and immunity in the human body. Numerous studies conducted in recent decades have also highlighted the significant potential of the gut microbiota in promoting human health. It is widely recognized that training and nutrition strategies are pivotal factors that allow athletes to achieve optimal performance. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on whether training and dietary patterns influence sports performance through their impact on the gut microbiota. In this review, we aim to present the concept and primary functions of the gut microbiota, explore the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiota, and specifically examine the popular dietary patterns associated with athletes' sports performance while considering their interaction with the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which dietary patterns affect sports performance from a nutritional perspective, aiming to elucidate the intricate interplay among dietary patterns, the gut microbiota, and sports performance. We have found that the precise application of specific dietary patterns (ketogenic diet, plant-based diet, high-protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and high intake of carbohydrate) can improve vascular function and reduce the risk of illness in health promotion, etc., as well as promoting recovery and controlling weight with regard to improving sports performance, etc. In conclusion, although it can be inferred that certain aspects of an athlete's ability may benefit from specific dietary patterns mediated by the gut microbiota to some extent, further high-quality clinical studies are warranted to substantiate these claims and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Keer Yang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingxin Xu
- The Fifth College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510500, China;
| | - Yishuo Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiquan Weng
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaji Luo
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanshuo Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (Y.C.); (K.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Sports Performance Science, Guangzhou 510500, China
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Xiao L, Zuo Z, Zhao F. Microbiome in Female Reproductive Health: Implications for Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 22:qzad005. [PMID: 38862423 PMCID: PMC11104452 DOI: 10.1093/gpbjnl/qzad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a critical role in the process of conception and the outcomes of pregnancy. Disruptions in microbiome homeostasis in women of reproductive age can lead to various pregnancy complications, which significantly impact maternal and fetal health. Recent studies have associated the microbiome in the female reproductive tract (FRT) with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, and restoring microbiome balance has been shown to improve fertility in infertile couples. This review provides an overview of the role of the microbiome in female reproductive health, including its implications for pregnancy outcomes and ARTs. Additionally, recent advances in the use of microbial biomarkers as indicators of pregnancy disorders are summarized. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the microbiome before and during pregnancy and its impact on reproductive health will greatly promote maternal and fetal health. Such knowledge can also contribute to the development of ARTs and microbiome-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Couvert A, Goumy L, Maillard F, Esbrat A, Lanchais K, Saugrain C, Verdier C, Doré E, Chevarin C, Adjtoutah D, Morel C, Pereira B, Martin V, Lancha AH, Barnich N, Chassaing B, Rance M, Boisseau N. Effects of a Cycling versus Running HIIT Program on Fat Mass Loss and Gut Microbiota Composition in Men with Overweight/Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:839-850. [PMID: 38233990 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can efficiently decrease total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM); however, the effects of running versus cycling HIIT programs on FM reduction have not been compared yet. In addition, the link between HIIT-induced FM reduction and gut microbiota must be better investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two 12-wk HIIT isoenergetic programs (cycling vs running) on body composition and fecal microbiota composition in nondieting men with overweight or obesity. METHODS Sixteen men (age, 54.2 ± 9.6 yr; body mass index, 29.9 ± 2.3 kg·m -2 ) were randomly assigned to the HIIT-BIKE (10 × 45 s at 80%-85% of maximal heart rate, 90-s active recovery) or HIIT-RUN (9 × 45 s at 80%-85% of maximal heart rate, 90-s active recovery) group (3 times per week). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition. Preintervention and postintervention fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and diet was controlled. RESULTS Overall, body weight, and abdominal and visceral FM decreased over time ( P < 0.05). No difference was observed for weight, total body FM, and visceral FM between groups (% change). Conversely, abdominal FM loss was greater in the HIIT-RUN group (-16.1% vs -8.3%; P = 0.050). The α-diversity of gut microbiota did not vary between baseline and intervention end and between groups, but was associated with abdominal FM change ( r = -0.6; P = 0.02). The baseline microbiota profile and composition changes were correlated with total and abdominal/visceral FM losses. CONCLUSIONS Both cycling and running isoenergetic HIIT programs improved body composition in men with overweight/obesity. Baseline intestinal microbiota composition and its postintervention variations were correlated with FM reduction, strengthening the possible link between these parameters. The mechanisms underlying the greater abdominal FM loss in the HIIT-RUN group require additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Goumy
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Florie Maillard
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Alexandre Esbrat
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Kassandra Lanchais
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Célia Saugrain
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Charlotte Verdier
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | - Caroline Chevarin
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | - Claire Morel
- Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier, FRANCE
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d'Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | - Antonio H Lancha
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Benoît Chassaing
- Inserm U1016, Team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases," CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Mélanie Rance
- Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier, FRANCE
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Kang P, Wang AZX. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2024; 4:kkae007. [PMID: 38756477 PMCID: PMC11096970 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The brain controls the nerve system, allowing complex emotional and cognitive activities. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional neural, hormonal, and immune signaling pathway that could link the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Over the past few decades, gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be an essential component of the gastrointestinal tract that plays a crucial role in regulating most functions of various body organs. The effects of the microbiota on the brain occur through the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, and metabolites, regulation of host-produced metabolites, or through the synthesis of metabolites by the microbiota themselves. This affects the host's behavior, mood, attention state, and the brain's food reward system. Meanwhile, there is an intimate association between the gut microbiota and exercise. Exercise can change gut microbiota numerically and qualitatively, which may be partially responsible for the widespread benefits of regular physical activity on human health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive method to show areas of brain activity enabling the delineation of specific brain regions involved in neurocognitive disorders. Through combining exercise tasks and fMRI techniques, researchers can observe the effects of exercise on higher brain functions. However, exercise's effects on brain health via gut microbiota have been little studied. This article reviews and highlights the connections between these three interactions, which will help us to further understand the positive effects of exercise on brain health and provide new strategies and approaches for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Bertuccioli A, Zonzini GB, Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Guasti L, Matera MR, Cavecchia I, Palazzi CM. Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:804. [PMID: 38674748 PMCID: PMC11051759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation. The most frequent early symptoms include abdominal cramps, flatulence, the urge to defecate, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, and belching. Promoting the stability of the microbiota can contribute to the maintenance of correct intestinal permeability and functionality, with better control of these symptoms. The literature documents various acute and chronic alterations of the microbiota following the practice of different types of activities. Several nutraceuticals can have functional effects on the control of inflammatory dynamics and the stability of the microbiota, exerting both nutraceutical and prebiotic effects. In particular, curcumin, green tea catechins, boswellia, berberine, and cranberry PACs can show functional characteristics in the management of these situations. This narrative review will describe its application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Giordano Bruno Zonzini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Aurora Gregoretti
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Matera
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cavecchia
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Chiara Maria Palazzi
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
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11
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Min L, Ablitip A, Wang R, Luciana T, Wei M, Ma X. Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1070. [PMID: 38613103 PMCID: PMC11013040 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equilibrium between gut microbiota (GM) and the host plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health, influencing various physiological and metabolic functions. Emerging research suggests that exercise modulates the abundance and functionality of gut bacteria, yet the comprehensive effects on GM diversity remain to be synthesized. OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN The study aims to quantitatively examine the effect of exercise on the diversity of gut microbiota of adults using a systemic review and meta-analysis approach. METHODS PubMed, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to September 2023. Exercise intervention studies with a control group that describe and compare the composition of GM in adults, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 1044 participants. Based on a fixed-effects model [Chi2 = 29.40, df = 20 (p = 0.08); I2 = 32%], the pooled analysis showed that compared with the control group, exercise intervention can significantly increase the alpha diversity of adult GM, using the Shannon index as an example [WMD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.00, 0.09); Z = 1.99 (p = 0.05)]. In addition, exercise interventions were found to significantly alter GM, notably decreasing Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes, indicating a shift in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The subgroup analysis indicates that females and older adults appear to exhibit more significant changes in the Shannon Index and observed OTUs. CONCLUSIONS Exercise may be a promising way to improve GM in adults. In particular, the Shannon index was significantly increased after exercise. Distinct responses in GM diversity to exercise interventions based on gender and age implicated that more research was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizi Min
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Alimjan Ablitip
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Torquati Luciana
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK;
| | - Mengxian Wei
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
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12
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Hastings MH, Castro C, Freeman R, Abdul Kadir A, Lerchenmüller C, Li H, Rhee J, Roh JD, Roh K, Singh AP, Wu C, Xia P, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Rosenzweig A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributors to the Cardiac Benefits of Exercise. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:535-552. [PMID: 38680954 PMCID: PMC11055208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Among its many cardiovascular benefits, exercise training improves heart function and protects the heart against age-related decline, pathological stress, and injury. Here, we focus on cardiac benefits with an emphasis on more recent updates to our understanding. While the cardiomyocyte continues to play a central role as both a target and effector of exercise's benefits, there is a growing recognition of the important roles of other, noncardiomyocyte lineages and pathways, including some that lie outside the heart itself. We review what is known about mediators of exercise's benefits-both those intrinsic to the heart (at the level of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, or vascular cells) and those that are systemic (including metabolism, inflammation, the microbiome, and aging)-highlighting what is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H. Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire Castro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Freeman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haobo Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Park T, Yoon J, Yun Y, Unno T. Comparison of the fecal microbiota with high- and low performance race horses. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:425-437. [PMID: 38628692 PMCID: PMC11016738 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Exercise plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, which affects the diversity of the intestinal microbial community in humans and animals. To the best of the authors' knowledge, few studies have reported the associations between horse gut microbiota along with their predicted metabolic activities and the athletic ability of Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds living in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the gut microbiota and athletic performance in horses. This study sequenced the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the partial 16S rRNA genes obtained from racehorse fecal samples and compared the fecal microbiota between high- and low-performance Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds. Forty-nine fecal samples were divided into four groups: high-performance Jeju horses (HJ, n = 13), low-performance Jeju horses (LJ, n = 17), high-performance Thoroughbreds (HT, n = 9), and low-performance Thoroughbreds (LT, n = 10). The high-performance horse groups had a higher diversity of the bacterial community than the low-performance horse groups. Two common functional metabolic activities of the hindgut microbiota (i.e., tryptophan and succinate syntheses) were observed between the low-performance horse groups, indicating dysbiosis of gut microbiota and fatigue from exercise. On the other hand, high-performance horse groups showed enriched production of polyamines, butyrate, and vitamin K. The racing performance may be associated with the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemook Park
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Racecourse, Korea
Racing Authority, Jeju 63066, Korea
| | - Jungho Yoon
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Racecourse, Korea
Racing Authority, Jeju 63066, Korea
| | - YoungMin Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju
National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute,
Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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14
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Ashcroft SP, Stocks B, Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise induces tissue-specific adaptations to enhance cardiometabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:278-300. [PMID: 38183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The risk associated with multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality is decreased in individuals who meet the current recommendations for physical activity. Therefore, regular exercise remains a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. An acute bout of exercise results in the coordinated interaction between multiple tissues to meet the increased energy demand of exercise. Over time, the associated metabolic stress of each individual exercise bout provides the basis for long-term adaptations across tissues, including the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gut, and brain. Therefore, regular exercise is associated with a plethora of benefits throughout the whole body, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and glycemic control. Overall, we summarize the exercise-induced adaptations that occur within multiple tissues and how they converge to ultimately improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Park J, Kim J, Kang J, Choi J, Kim JE, Min KJ, Choi SW, Cho JY, Lee M, Choi JY. A 6-month exercise intervention clinical trial in women: effects of physical activity on multi-omics biomarkers and health during the first wave of COVID-19 in Korea. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:30. [PMID: 38287431 PMCID: PMC10826212 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 and the first case in Korea was confirmed on January 20, 2020. Due to the absence of therapeutic agents and vaccines, the Korean government implemented social distancing on February 29, 2020. This study aimed to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on health through changes in multi-omics biomarkers with a 6-month of exercise intervention during the first wave of COVID-19 in Korea. METHODS Twenty-seven healthy middle-aged women were recruited and 14 subjects completed the exercise intervention. The mean age (± SD) was 46.3 (± 5.33) and the mean BMI (± SD) was 24.9 (± 3.88). A total of three blood and stool samples were collected at enrollment, after period 1, and after period 2 (3-month intervals). The amount of PA was measured with an accelerometer and by questionnaire. Clinical variables were used, including blood pressure, grip strength, flexibility, and blood glucose levels and lipid markers obtained from laboratory tests. The concentration of blood metabolites was measured by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiome data were obtained by 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS During the second half period (period 2), Coronavirus disease 2019 occurred and spread out in Korea, and PA decreased compared with the first half period (period 1) (185.9 ± 168.73 min/week to 102.5 ± 82.30 min/week; p = 0.0101). Blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased in period 1 (p < 0.05) and tended to increase again during period 2 (p < 0.05). Forty metabolites were changed significantly during period 1 (FDR p < 0.05), and we found that 6 of them were correlated with changes in blood pressure, HbA1c, and LDL-C via network analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results may suggest that exercise improves health through changes in biomarkers at multi-omics levels. However, reduced PA due to COVID-19 can adversely affect health, emphasizing the necessity for sustained exercise and support for home-based fitness to maintain health. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05927675; June 30, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYong Park
- Department of Big Data Medical Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jaemyung Kim
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jihyun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | | | | | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Morella I, Negro M, Dossena M, Brambilla R, D'Antona G. Gut-muscle-brain axis: Molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotic supplementation coupled with exercise. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109718. [PMID: 37774944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased longevity is often associated with age-related conditions. The most common neurodegenerative disorders in the older population are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), associated with progressive neuronal loss leading to functional and cognitive impairments. Although symptomatic treatments are available, there is currently no cure for these conditions. Gut dysbiosis has been involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, thus interventions targeting the "gut-brain axis" could potentially prevent or delay these pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota can affect each other via the "gut-muscle axis". Importantly, cognitive functions in AD and PD patients significantly benefit from physical activity. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk between the brain, the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota, introducing the concept of "gut-muscle-brain axis". Moreover, we discuss human and animal studies exploring the modulatory role of exercise and probiotics on cognition in AD and PD. Collectively, the findings presented here support the potential benefits of physical activity and probiotic supplementation in AD and PD. Further studies will be needed to develop targeted and multimodal strategies, including lifestyle changes, to prevent or delay the course of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Massimo Negro
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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17
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de Souza PB, de Araujo Borba L, Castro de Jesus L, Valverde AP, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16870. [PMID: 38069198 PMCID: PMC10706777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric disorder results from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in brain health has received particular attention, and compelling evidence has shown that patients suffering from depression have gut dysbiosis. Several studies have reported that gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute to the development of depression through dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Indeed, as a consequence of gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments in neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. The modulation of the gut microbiota has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of MMD. In this regard, physical exercise has been shown to positively change microbiota composition and diversity, and this can underlie, at least in part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, the present review will explore the relationship between physical exercise, gut microbiota and depression, with an emphasis on the potential of physical exercise as a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut microbiota and, through this, regulating the gut-brain axis and alleviating MDD-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges de Souza
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Louise Castro de Jesus
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Valverde
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
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18
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Lin Z, Zhang X, Wu M, Ming Y, Wang X, Li H, Huang F, Gao F, Zhu Y. High-fiber diet and rope-skipping benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113421. [PMID: 37803759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high intake of dietary fiber (DF) and efficient levels of physical activity are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and elderly populations with cardiometabolic disease. However, evidence from young adults with low cardiometabolic risk is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various interventions including a high-fiber (HF) diet and the rope-skipping (RS) exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) and the composition of the gut microbiota in young adults. A 12-week parallel-designed randomized controlled trial was conducted in undergraduates (n = 96), who were randomly assigned to the HF group (≥20 g/d DF), the RS group (2000 jumps/week), and the control (CON) group. Among the 84 people who completed the trial, measurements of anthropometric characteristics, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention. After the intervention, the RS exercise led to a significant decrease in the heart rate and triglyceride levels compared to the CON group (all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in CRFs between the HF and CON groups. When compared to baseline, the 12-week HF diet intervention resulted in an increase in fat-free mass, and a decrease in the percentage of body fat and waist circumference (all P < 0.05). With regard to gut microbiota alterations after intervention, we found that compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased significantly in both the HF group and the RS group, Muribaculaceae decreased in the RS group, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group decreased in the HF group (all P < 0.05). Finally, shifts in 7 metabolic pathways were detected in the RS group using predictive functional profiling, while only one pathway was altered in the HF group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the RS exercise improved body composition compared to the CON group in young adults, while the HF diet just enhanced CRFs in contrast to baseline. Furthermore, both RS and HF interventions altered Lactobacillus and various other gut microbiota. The results indicated that the HF diet and RS exercise could partly benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04834687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yingan Ming
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fenglian Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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19
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Schrenk SJ, Brodoehl S, Flor S, Frahm C, Gaser C, Hamdan RA, Herbsleb M, Kaleta C, Kattlun F, Müller HJ, Puta C, Radscheidt M, Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Saraei T, Scherag A, Steidten T, Witte OW, Finke K. Impact of an online guided physical activity training on cognition and gut-brain axis interactions in older adults: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1254194. [PMID: 37781101 PMCID: PMC10539595 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1254194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction By 2050, the worldwide percentage of people 65 years and older is assumed to have doubled compared to current numbers. Therefore, finding ways of promoting healthy (cognitive) aging is crucial. Physical activity is considered an effective approach to counteract not only physical but also cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive the benefits of regular physical activity on cognitive function are not fully understood. This randomized controlled trial aims to analyze the effect of an eight-week standardized physical activity training program in older humans on cognitive, brain, and gut-barrier function as well as the relationship between the resulting changes. Methods and analysis One-hundred healthy participants aged 60 to 75 years will be recruited. First, participants will undergo an extensive baseline assessment consisting of neurocognitive tests, functional and structural brain imaging, physical fitness tests, and gut-microbiome profiling. Next, participants will be randomized into either a multi-component physical activity group (experimental condition) or a relaxation group (active control condition), with each training lasting 8 weeks and including an equal number and duration of exercises. The whole intervention will be online-based, i.e., participants will find their intervention schedule and all materials needed on the study website. After the intervention phase, participants will have their post-intervention assessment, which consists of the same measures and tests as the baseline assessment. The primary outcome of this study is the change in the cognitive parameter of visual processing speed from baseline to post-measurement, which will on average take place 10 weeks after the randomization. Secondary outcomes related to cognitive, brain, and microbiome data will be analyzed exploratory. Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00028022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Schrenk
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Brodoehl
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Flor
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Hamdan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Herbsleb
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Kattlun
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Josef Müller
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Monique Radscheidt
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Adriana L. Ruiz-Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tannaz Saraei
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Steidten
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Overweight, obesity, undernutrition and their respective sequelae have devastating tolls on personal and public health worldwide. Traditional approaches for treating these conditions with diet, exercise, drugs and/or surgery have shown varying degrees of success, creating an urgent need for new solutions with long-term efficacy. Owing to transformative advances in sequencing, bioinformatics and gnotobiotic experimentation, we now understand that the gut microbiome profoundly impacts energy balance through diverse mechanisms affecting both sides of the energy balance equation. Our growing knowledge of microbial contributions to energy metabolism highlights new opportunities for weight management, including the microbiome-aware improvement of existing tools and novel microbiome-targeted therapies. In this Review, we synthesize current knowledge concerning the bidirectional influences between the gut microbiome and existing weight management strategies, including behaviour-based and clinical approaches, and incorporate a subject-level meta-analysis contrasting the effects of weight management strategies on microbiota composition. We consider how emerging understanding of the gut microbiome alters our prospects for weight management and the challenges that must be overcome for microbiome-focused solutions to achieve success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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21
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Hintikka JE, Ahtiainen JP, Permi P, Jalkanen S, Lehtonen M, Pekkala S. Aerobic exercise training and gut microbiome-associated metabolic shifts in women with overweight: a multi-omic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11228. [PMID: 37433843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is essential in weight management, improves overall health, and mitigates obesity-related risk markers. Besides inducing changes in systemic metabolism, habitual exercise may improve gut's microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial taxa in a correlated fashion. Since there is a lack of integrative omics studies on exercise and overweight populations, we studied the metabolomes and gut microbiota associated with programmed exercise in obese individuals. We measured the serum and fecal metabolites of 17 adult women with overweight during a 6-week endurance exercise program. Further, we integrated the exercise-responsive metabolites with variations in the gut microbiome and cardiorespiratory parameters. We found clear correlation with several serum and fecal metabolites, and metabolic pathways, during the exercise period in comparison to the control period, indicating increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. Especially, exercise caused co-occurring increase in levels of serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine moieties and fecal glycerophosphocholine. This signature was associated with several microbial metagenome pathways and the abundance of Akkermansia. The study demonstrates that, in the absence of body composition changes, aerobic exercise can induce metabolic shifts that provide substrates for beneficial gut microbiota in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka E Hintikka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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22
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Zhang F, Wang D. Potential of Akkermansia muciniphila and its outer membrane proteins as therapeutic targets for neuropsychological diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191445. [PMID: 37440890 PMCID: PMC10333588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota varies dramatically among individuals, and changes over time within the same individual, due to diversities in genetic backgrounds, diet, nutrient supplementations and use of antibiotics. Up until now, studies on dysbiosis of microbiota have expanded to a wider range of diseases, with Akkermansia muciniphila at the cross spot of many of these diseases. A. muciniphila is a Gram-negative bacterium that produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and Amuc_1100 is one of its most highly expressed outer membrane proteins. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on correlations between A. muciniphila and involved neuropsychological diseases published in the last decade, with a focus on the potential of this bacterium and its outer membrane proteins as therapeutic targets for these diseases, on the basis of evidence accumulated from animal and clinical studies, as well as mechanisms of action from peripheral to central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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23
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Aya V, Jimenez P, Muñoz E, Ramírez JD. Effects of exercise and physical activity on gut microbiota composition and function in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37308839 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterization and research around the gut microbiome in older people emphasize microbial populations change considerably by losing the diversity of species. Then, this review aims to determine if there is any effect on the gut microbiota of adults older than 65 that starts an exercise intervention or improves physical activity level. Also, this review describes the changes in composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota of older subjects that had improved their physical activity level. METHODS The type of studies included in this review were studies describing human gut microbiota responses to any exercise stimulus; cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiota in older adults with different physical activity levels-from athletes to inactive individuals; studies containing older people (women and men), and studies written in English. This review's primary outcomes of interest were gut microbiota abundance and diversity. RESULTS Twelve cross-sectional studies and three randomized controlled trials were examined. Independently of the type of study, diversity metrics from Alpha and Beta diversity remained without changes in almost all the studies. Likewise, cross-sectional studies do not reflect significant changes in gut microbiota diversity; no significant differences were detected among diverse groups in the relative abundances of the major phyla or alpha diversity measures. Otherwise, relative abundance analysis showed a significant change in older adults who conducted an exercise program for five weeks or more at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS Here, we did not identify significant shifts in diversity metrics; only one study reported a significant difference in Alpha diversity from overweight people with higher physical activity levels. The abundance of some bacteria is higher in aged people, after an exercise program, or in comparison with control groups, especially at the genus and species levels. There needs to be more information related to function and metabolic pathways that can be crucial to understand the effect of exercise and physical activity in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42022331551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Jimenez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Enrique Muñoz
- Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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24
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang X. Intermittent Fasting and Physical Exercise for Preventing Metabolic Disorders through Interaction with Gut Microbiota: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2277. [PMID: 37242160 PMCID: PMC10224556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders entail both health risks and economic burdens to our society. A considerable part of the cause of metabolic disorders is mediated by the gut microbiota. The gut microbial structure and function are susceptible to dietary patterns and host physiological activities. A sedentary lifestyle accompanied by unhealthy eating habits propels the release of harmful metabolites, which impair the intestinal barrier, thereby triggering a constant change in the immune system and biochemical signals. Noteworthy, healthy dietary interventions, such as intermittent fasting, coupled with regular physical exercise can improve several metabolic and inflammatory parameters, resulting in stronger beneficial actions for metabolic health. In this review, the current progress on how gut microbiota may link to the mechanistic basis of common metabolic disorders was discussed. We also highlight the independent and synergistic effects of fasting and exercise interventions on metabolic health and provide perspectives for preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanshang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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25
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Baptista LC, Zumbro EL, Graham ZA, Hernandez AR, Buchanan T, Sun Y, Yang Y, Banerjee A, Verma A, Li Q, Carter CS, Buford TW. Multiomics profiling of the impact of an angiotensin (1-7)-expressing probiotic combined with exercise training in aged male rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1135-1153. [PMID: 36892893 PMCID: PMC10125028 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00508.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] is an active heptapeptide of the noncanonical arm of the renin-angiotensin system that modulates molecular signaling pathways associated with vascular and cellular inflammation, vasoconstriction, and fibrosis. Preclinical evidence suggests that Ang (1-7) is a promising therapeutic target that may ameliorate physical and cognitive function in late life. However, treatment pharmacodynamics limits its clinical applicability. Therefore, this study explored the underlying mechanisms altered by a genetically modified probiotic (GMP) that expresses Ang (1-7) combined with and without exercise training in an aging male rat model as a potential adjunct strategy to exercise training to counteract the decline of physical and cognitive function. We evaluated cross-tissue (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, colon, liver, and skeletal muscle) multi-omics responses. After 12 wk of intervention, the 16S mRNA microbiome analysis revealed a main effect of probiotic treatment within- and between groups. The probiotic treatment enhanced α diversity (Inverse Simpson (F[2,56] = 4.44; P = 0.02); Shannon-Wiener (F[2,56] = 4.27; P = 0.02)) and β-diversity (F[2,56] = 2.66; P = 0.01) among rats receiving our GMP. The analysis of microbes' composition revealed three genera altered by our GMP (Enterorhabdus, Muribaculaceae unclassified, and Faecalitalea). The mRNA multi-tissue data analysis showed that our combined intervention upregulated neuroremodeling pathways on prefrontal cortex (i.e., 140 genes), inflammation gene expression in the liver (i.e., 63 genes), and circadian rhythm signaling on skeletal muscle. Finally, the integrative network analysis detected different communities of tightly (|r| > 0.8 and P < 0.05) correlated metabolites, genera, and genes in these tissues.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript uses a multiomics approach (i.e., microbiome, metabolomics, and transcriptomics) to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by a genetically modified probiotic (GMP) designed to express angiotensin (1-7) combined with moderate exercise training in an aged male rat model. After 12 wk of intervention, our findings suggest that our GMP enhanced gut microbial diversity while exercise training altered the transcriptional response in relevant neuroremodeling genes, inflammation, and circadian rhythm signaling pathways in an aging animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Research Center for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emily L Zumbro
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affair Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Abbi R Hernandez
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Taylor Buchanan
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Life, Health, and Physical Sciences, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - YouFeng Yang
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Amrisha Verma
- Department of Life, Health, and Physical Sciences, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christy S Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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26
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Deng R, Wang M, Song Y, Shi Y. A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040903. [PMID: 37110325 PMCID: PMC10141121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of research hotspots and trends in exercise and the gut microbiome, a field which has recently gained increasing attention. The relevant publications on exercise and the gut microbiome were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publication types were limited to articles and reviews. VOSviewer 1.6.18 (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and the R package "bibliometrix" (R Foundation: Vienna, Austria) were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis. A total of 327 eligible publications were eventually identified, including 245 original articles and 82 reviews. A time trend analysis showed that the number of publications rapidly increased after 2014. The leading countries/regions in this field were the USA, China, and Europe. Most of the active institutions were from Europe and the USA. Keyword analysis showed that the relationship between disease, the gut microbiome, and exercise occurs throughout the development of this field of research. The interactions between the gut microbiota, exercise, status of the host's internal environment, and probiotics, are important facets as well. The research topic evolution presents a trend of multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analysis. Exercise might become an effective intervention for disease treatment by regulating the gut microbiome. The innovation of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention therapy may become a significant trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Deng
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mopei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahan Song
- Library, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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27
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Boytar AN, Skinner TL, Wallen RE, Jenkins DG, Dekker Nitert M. The Effect of Exercise Prescription on the Human Gut Microbiota and Comparison between Clinical and Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061534. [PMID: 36986264 PMCID: PMC10054511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all human longitudinal exercise interventions that reported changes in the gut microbiota; frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise were assessed to determine the influence of these variables on changes to the gut microbiota in both healthy individuals and clinical populations (PROPERO registration: CRD42022309854). Using PRISMA guidelines, trials analysing gut microbiota change with exercise interventions were included independent of trial randomisation, population, trial duration or analysis technique. Studies were excluded when microbiota abundance was not reported or when exercise was combined with other interventions. Twenty-eight trials were included, of which twelve involved healthy populations only and sixteen involved mixed or clinical-only populations. The findings show that participation in exercise of moderate to high-intensity for 30-90 min ≥3 times per week (or between 150-270 min per week) for ≥8 weeks is likely to produce changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise appears to be effective in modifying the gut microbiota in both clinical and healthy populations. A more robust methodology is needed in future studies to improve the certainty of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby E Wallen
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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28
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Ji J, Wu L, Wei J, Wu J, Guo C. The Gut Microbiome and Ferroptosis in MAFLD. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:174-187. [PMID: 36406312 PMCID: PMC9647110 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new disease definition, and is proposed to replace the previous name, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Globally, MAFLD/NAFLD is the most common liver disease, with an incidence rate ranging from 6% to 35% in adult populations. The pathogenesis of MAFLD/NAFLD is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), and the genetic susceptibility to acquired metabolic stress-associated liver injury. Similarly, the gut microbiota in MAFLD/NAFLD is being revaluated by scientists, as the gut and liver influence each other via the gut-liver axis. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis has a key role in the pathological progression of MAFLD/NAFLD, and inhibition of ferroptosis may become a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD. This review focuses on the main mechanisms behind the promotion of MAFLD/NAFLD occurrence and development by the intestinal microbiota and ferroptosis. It outlines new strategies to target the intestinal microbiota and ferroptosis to facilitate future MAFLD/NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Chuanyong Guo, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai 200072, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-4673. E-mail: ; Jianye Wu: Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, NO. 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai 200060, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4241. E-mail:
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Chuanyong Guo, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai 200072, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-4673. E-mail: ; Jianye Wu: Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, NO. 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai 200060, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4241. E-mail:
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McNamara MP, Venable EM, Cadney MD, Castro AA, Schmill MP, Kazzazi L, Carmody RN, Garland T. Weanling gut microbiota composition of a mouse model selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:287120. [PMID: 36728594 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared the fecal microbial community composition and diversity of four replicate lines of mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity over 81 generations (HR lines) and four non-selected control lines. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples taken 24 h after weaning, identifying a total of 2074 bacterial operational taxonomic units. HR and control mice did not significantly differ for measures of alpha diversity, but HR mice had a higher relative abundance of the family Clostridiaceae. These results differ from a study of rats, where a line bred for high forced-treadmill endurance and that also ran more on wheels had lower relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, as compared with a line bred for low endurance that ran less on wheels. Within the HR and control groups, replicate lines had unique microbiomes based on unweighted UniFrac beta diversity, indicating random genetic drift and/or multiple adaptive responses to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P McNamara
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Emily M Venable
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcell D Cadney
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alberto A Castro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Margaret P Schmill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Medpace, 717th St, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazzazi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
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30
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Moraes MM, Mendes TT, Borges L, Marques AL, Núñez-Espinosa C, Gonçalves DAP, Simões CB, Vieira TS, Ladeira RVP, Lourenço TGB, Ribeiro DV, Hatanaka E, Heller D, Arantes RME. A 7-Week Summer Camp in Antarctica Induces Fluctuations on Human Oral Microbiome, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Hormones Profile. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020339. [PMID: 36838304 PMCID: PMC9960157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic camps pose psychophysiological challenges related to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions, including meals composed of sealed food. ICE conditions can influence the microbiome and inflammatory responses. Seven expeditioners took part in a 7-week Antarctic summer camp (Nelson Island) and were evaluated at Pre-Camp (i.e., at the beginning of the ship travel), Camp-Initial (i.e., 4th and 5th day in camp), Camp-Middle (i.e., 19th-20th, and 33rd-34th days), Camp-Final (i.e., 45th-46th day), and at the Post-Camp (on the ship). At the Pre-Camp, Camp-Initial, and Camp-Final, we assessed microbiome and inflammatory markers. Catecholamines were accessed Pre- and Post-Camp. Heart rate variability (HRV), leptin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) were accessed at all time points. Students' t-tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance (one or two-way ANOVA) followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (post hoc) were used for parametric analysis. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for non-parametric analysis. Microbiome analysis showed a predominance of Pseudomonadota (34.01%), Bacillota (29.82%), and Bacteroidota (18.54%), followed by Actinomycetota (5.85%), and Fusobacteria (5.74%). Staying in a long-term Antarctic camp resulted in microbiome fluctuations with a reduction in Pseudomonadota-a "microbial signature" of disease. However, the pro-inflammatory marker leptin and IL-8 tended to increase, and the angiogenic factor VEGF was reduced during camp. These results suggest that distinct Antarctic natural environments and behavioral factors modulate oral microbiome and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M. Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Center for Newborn Screening and Genetics Diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, NUPAD-FM/UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago T. Mendes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Borges
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice L. Marques
- Post-Graduation Program in Social Sciences in Development, Culture and Society of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Austral Integrative Neurophysiology Group, Centro Asistencial Docente y de Investigación, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Dawit A. P. Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina B. Simões
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales S. Vieira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto V. P. Ladeira
- Center for Newborn Screening and Genetics Diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, NUPAD-FM/UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Talita G. B. Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle V. Ribeiro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Studies in Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 430-0926, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Heller
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Studies in Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 430-0926, SP, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rosa M. E. Arantes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Center for Newborn Screening and Genetics Diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, NUPAD-FM/UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(31)-999037400
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Tacconi E, Palma G, De Biase D, Luciano A, Barbieri M, de Nigris F, Bruzzese F. Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:563. [PMID: 36771270 PMCID: PMC9920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Tacconi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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32
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Chew W, Lim YP, Lim WS, Chambers ES, Frost G, Wong SH, Ali Y. Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065365. [PMID: 36698827 PMCID: PMC9868714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home to trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, and disease conditions. Largely commensals, these microbes are gaining prominence with regards to how they collectively affect the function of important metabolic organs, from the adipose tissues to the endocrine pancreas to the skeletal muscle. Muscle, as the biggest utilizer of ingested glucose and an important reservoir of body proteins, is intricately linked with homeostasis, and with important anabolic and catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview of how gut microbiota may influence muscle health and how various microbes may in turn be altered during certain muscle disease states. Specifically, we discuss recent experimental and clinical evidence in support for a role of gut-muscle crosstalk and include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms that facilitate this crosstalk in health and diseased conditions. We end with a brief perspective on how exercise and pharmacological interventions may interface with the gut-muscle axis to improve muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chew
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yusuf Ali ✉
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33
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Brooks CN, Wight ME, Azeez OE, Bleich RM, Zwetsloot KA. Growing old together: What we know about the influence of diet and exercise on the aging host's gut microbiome. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1168731. [PMID: 37139301 PMCID: PMC10149677 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1168731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is critical in defending against infection from pathogenic microorganisms. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, are more susceptible to infections and developing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The gut microbiome contains a plethora of bacteria and other microorganisms, which collectively plays a significant role in immune function and homeostasis. Gut microbiota are considered to be highly influential on host health and immune function. Therefore, dysbiosis of the microbiota could be a major contributor to the elevated incidence of multiple age-related pathologies. While there seems to be a general consensus that the composition of gut microbiota changes with age, very little is known about how diet and exercise might influence the aging microbiome. Here, we examine the current state of the literature regarding alterations to the gut microbiome as hosts age, drawing particular attention to the knowledge gaps in addressing how diet and exercise influence the aging microbiome. Further, we will demonstrate the need for more controlled studies to investigate the roles that diet and exercise play driving the composition, diversity, and function of the microbiome in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chequita N. Brooks
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Madeline E. Wight
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Oluwatobi E. Azeez
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Rachel M. Bleich
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Kevin A. Zwetsloot Rachel M. Bleich
| | - Kevin A. Zwetsloot
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Kevin A. Zwetsloot Rachel M. Bleich
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Wang R, Cai Y, Lu W, Zhang R, Shao R, Yau SY, Stubbs B, McIntyre RS, Su KP, Xu G, Qi L, So KF, Lin K. Exercise effect on the gut microbiota in young adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized psychoeducation-controlled Trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 319:115005. [PMID: 36565548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This 3-month randomized psychoeducation-controlled trial (RCT) of exercise was undertaken in young adolescents with subthreshold depression to examine the impact on gut microbiota. Participants (aged 12-14 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise or a psychoeducation-controlled group. The exercise intervention arm took moderate-intensity exercise, comprised of 30 min of running per day, 4 days a week for 3 months. Psychoeducation intervention consisted of 6 sessions of group activity including gaming, reading, and singing. The gut microbiota was assessed by metagenomic sequencing. After 3-month moderate-intensity exercise, the intervention group increased the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Blautia, Dorea, Tyzzerella at the genus level, as well as Tyzzerella nexilis, Ruminococcus obeum at species level when compared to the psychoeducation-controlled group. Moreover, EggNOG analyses showed that the defense and signal transduction mechanism were highly enriched after the active intervention, and changes were correlated with improvements in depressive symptoms measured by Chinese Patient Depression Questionnaire 9. The KEGG pathway of neurodegenerative diseases was depleted in the microbiome in young adolescents with subthreshold depression after exercise intervention. This 3-month RCT suggests that at both the genus and species levels, aerobic group exercise intervention improved in depressive symptoms and revealed changes in gut microbiota suggesting beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Wang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robin Shao
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and MBI-Lab, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
Historically, cancer research and therapy have focused on malignant cells and their tumor microenvironment. However, the vascular, lymphatic and nervous systems establish long-range communication between the tumor and the host. This communication is mediated by metabolites generated by the host or the gut microbiota, as well by systemic neuroendocrine, pro-inflammatory and immune circuitries-all of which dictate the trajectory of malignant disease through molecularly defined biological mechanisms. Moreover, aging, co-morbidities and co-medications have a major impact on the development, progression and therapeutic response of patients with cancer. In this Perspective, we advocate for a whole-body 'ecological' exploration of malignant disease. We surmise that accumulating knowledge on the intricate relationship between the host and the tumor will shape rational strategies for systemic, bodywide interventions that will eventually improve tumor control, as well as quality of life, in patients with cancer.
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Donati Zeppa S, Agostini D, Ferrini F, Gervasi M, Barbieri E, Bartolacci A, Piccoli G, Saltarelli R, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Interventions on Gut Microbiota for Healthy Aging. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010034. [PMID: 36611827 PMCID: PMC9818603 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the improvement in health and social conditions has led to an increase in the average lifespan. Since aging is the most important risk factor for the majority of chronic human diseases, the development of therapies and intervention to stop, lessen or even reverse various age-related morbidities is an important target to ameliorate the quality of life of the elderly. The gut microbiota, that is, the complex ecosystem of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role, not yet fully understood, in maintaining the host's health and homeostasis, influencing metabolic, oxidative and cognitive status; for this reason, it is also named "the forgotten endocrine organ" or "the second brain". On the other hand, the gut microbiota diversity and richness are affected by unmodifiable factors, such as aging and sex, and modifiable ones, such as diet, pharmacological therapies and lifestyle. In this review, we discuss the changes, mostly disadvantageous, for human health, induced by aging, in microbiota composition and the effects of dietary intervention, of supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, psychobiotics and antioxidants and of physical exercise. The development of an integrated strategy to implement microbiota health will help in the goal of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science for Promotion of Quality of Life, Univerity San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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37
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Boytar AN, Nitert MD, Morrision M, Skinner TL, Jenkins DG. Exercise-induced changes to the human gut microbiota and implications for colorectal cancer: a narrative review. J Physiol 2022; 600:5189-5201. [PMID: 36369926 PMCID: PMC10099575 DOI: 10.1113/jp283702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, recurrence and mortality. While these findings are consistent, the mechanism/s underlying this association remain unclear. Growing evidence supports the many ways in which differing characteristics of the gut microbiota can be tumourigenic or protective against CRC. CRC is characterised by significant dysbiosis including reduced short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Recent findings suggest that exercise can modify the gut microbiota, and these changes are inverse to the changes seen with CRC; however, this exercise-microbiota interaction is currently understudied in CRC. This review summarises parallel areas of research that are rapidly developing: The exercise-gut microbiota research and cancer-gut microbiota research and highlights the salient similarities. Preliminary evidence suggests that these areas are linked, with exercise mediating changes that promote the antitumorigenic characteristics of the gut microbiota. Future mechanistic and population-specific studies are warranted to confirm the physiological mechanism/s by which exercise changes the gut microbiota, and the influence of the exercise-gut interaction on cancer specific outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrision
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.,Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales, UK
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38
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Is There a Universal Endurance Microbiota? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112213. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Billions of microbes sculpt the gut ecosystem, affecting physiology. Since endurance athletes’ performance is often physiology-limited, understanding the composition and interactions within athletes’ gut microbiota could improve performance. Individual studies describe differences in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa in endurance athletes, suggesting the existence of an “endurance microbiota”, yet the taxa identified are mostly non-overlapping. To narrow down the source of this variation, we created a bioinformatics workflow and reanalyzed fecal microbiota from four 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets associated with endurance athletes and controls, examining diversity, relative abundance, correlations, and association networks. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity among all datasets and only one out of four datasets showed a significant overall difference in bacterial community abundance. When bacteria were examined individually, there were no genera with significantly different relative abundance in all four datasets. Two genera were significantly different in two datasets (Veillonella and Romboutsia). No changes in correlated abundances were consistent across datasets. A power analysis using the variance in relative abundance detected in each dataset indicated that much larger sample sizes will be necessary to detect a modest difference in relative abundance especially given the multitude of covariates. Our analysis confirms several challenges when comparing microbiota in general, and indicates that microbes consistently or universally associated with human endurance remain elusive.
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Chen XX, Yu Q, Rui YF. A narrative review of the moderating effects and repercussion of exercise intervention on osteoporosis: ingenious involvement of gut microbiota and its metabolites. J Transl Med 2022; 20:490. [PMID: 36303163 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by the decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in the enhanced bone fragility and related fractures, as well as high disability rate and mortality. Exercise is one of the most common, reliable and cost-effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of OP currently, and numerous studies have revealed the close association between gut microbiota (GM) and bone metabolism recently. Moreover, exercise can alter the structure, composition and abundance of GM, and further influence the body health via GM and its metabolites, and the changes of GM also depend on the choice of exercise modes. Herein, combined with relevant studies and based on the inseparable relationship between exercise intervention-GM-OP, this review is aimed to discuss the moderating effects and potential mechanisms of exercise intervention on GM and bone metabolism, as well as the interaction between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang-Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China. .,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Holzhausen EA, Malecki KC, Sethi AK, Gangnon R, Cadmus-Bertram L, Deblois CL, Suen G, Safdar N, Peppard PE. Assessing the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiome in a large, population-based sample of Wisconsin adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276684. [PMID: 36288361 PMCID: PMC9605031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an important factor in human health and disease. While preliminary studies have found some evidence that physical activity is associated with gut microbiome richness, diversity, and composition, this relationship is not fully understood and has not been previously characterized in a large, population-based cohort. In this study, we estimated the association between several measures of physical activity and the gut microbiota in a cohort of 720 Wisconsin residents. Our sample had a mean age of 55 years (range: 18, 94), was 42% male, and 83% of participants self-identified as White. Gut microbial composition was assessed using gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA extracted from stool. We found that an increase of one standard deviation in weekly minutes spent in active transportation was associated with an increase in alpha diversity, particularly in Chao1's richness (7.57, 95% CI: 2.55, 12.59) and Shannon's diversity (0.04, 95% CI: 0.0008, 0.09). We identified interactions in the association between Inverse Simpson's diversity and physical activity, wherein active transportation for individuals living in a rural environment was associated with additional increases in diversity (4.69, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.73). We also conducted several permutational ANOVAs (PERMANOVA) and negative binomial regression analyses to estimate the relationship between physical activity and microbiome composition. We found that being physically active and increased physical activity time were associated with increased abundance of bacteria in the family Erysipelotrichaceae. Active transportation was associated with increased abundance of bacteria in the genus Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased abundance of Clostridium. Minutes in active transportation was associated with a decreased abundance of the family Clostridiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Holzhausen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristen C. Malecki
- Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ajay K. Sethi
- Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lisa Cadmus-Bertram
- Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Courtney L. Deblois
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Peppard
- Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Zhong F, Xu Y, Lai HY, Yang M, Cheng L, Liu X, Sun X, Yang Y, Wang J, Lv W, Huang C. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004863. [PMID: 36338472 PMCID: PMC9631483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated. Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences. Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinger Liu
- Kunshan Old Companion Home Care Service Agency, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Cong Huang,
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Mach N, Midoux C, Leclercq S, Pennarun S, Le Moyec L, Rué O, Robert C, Sallé G, Barrey E. Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1032. [PMID: 36192523 PMCID: PMC9529974 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to endurance exercise performance. Still, the extent of its functional and metabolic potential remains unknown. Using elite endurance horses as a model system for exercise responsiveness, we built an integrated horse gut gene catalog comprising ~25 million unique genes and 372 metagenome-assembled genomes. This catalog represents 4179 genera spanning 95 phyla and functional capacities primed to exploit energy from dietary, microbial, and host resources. The holo-omics approach shows that gut microbiomes enriched in Lachnospiraceae taxa are negatively associated with cardiovascular capacity. Conversely, more complex and functionally diverse microbiomes are associated with higher glucose concentrations and reduced accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma, suggesting increased ß-oxidation capacity in the mitochondria. In line with this hypothesis, more fit athletes show upregulation of mitochondrial-related genes involved in energy metabolism, biogenesis, and Ca2+ cytosolic transport, all of which are necessary to improve aerobic work power, spare glycogen usage, and enhance cardiovascular capacity. The results identify an associative link between endurance performance and gut microbiome composition and gene function, laying the basis for nutritional interventions that could benefit horse athletes. An integrated gene catalog of the gut microbiome in elite endurance horses is build. The holo-omics analyses identify an associative link between endurance performance and gut microbiome composition and gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, IHAP, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cédric Midoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PROSE, Antony, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Le Moyec
- Université d'Évry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France.,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, MCAM, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, INRAE, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Barrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Zeng X, Xing X, Gupta M, Keber FC, Lopez JG, Lee YCJ, Roichman A, Wang L, Neinast MD, Donia MS, Wühr M, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD. Gut bacterial nutrient preferences quantified in vivo. Cell 2022; 185:3441-3456.e19. [PMID: 36055202 PMCID: PMC9450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding gut microbiomes' products and their effects on health and disease. Less attention, however, has been given to the inputs that gut bacteria consume. Here, we quantitatively examine inputs and outputs of the mouse gut microbiome, using isotope tracing. The main input to microbial carbohydrate fermentation is dietary fiber and to branched-chain fatty acids and aromatic metabolites is dietary protein. In addition, circulating host lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and urea (but not glucose or amino acids) feed the gut microbiome. To determine the nutrient preferences across bacteria, we traced into genus-specific bacterial protein sequences. We found systematic differences in nutrient use: most genera in the phylum Firmicutes prefer dietary protein, Bacteroides dietary fiber, and Akkermansia circulating host lactate. Such preferences correlate with microbiome composition changes in response to dietary modifications. Thus, diet shapes the microbiome by promoting the growth of bacteria that preferentially use the ingested nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Meera Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Felix C Keber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ying-Chiang J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Asael Roichman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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The Effects of Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis in Preclinical and Human Models: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163293. [PMID: 36014798 PMCID: PMC9413457 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in regulating multiple functions related to host physical health and, more recently, through the gut–brain axis (GBA), mental health. Similarly, the literature on the impact of physical activity (PA), including exercise, on GM and GBA is growing. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature that delves into the benefits or adverse effects produced by PA on physical and mental health status through modifications of the GM, highlighting differences and similarities between preclinical and human studies. The same exercise in animal models, whether performed voluntarily or forced, has different effects on the GM, just as, in humans, intense endurance exercise can have a negative influence. In humans and animals, only aerobic PA seems able to modify the composition of the GM, whereas cardiovascular fitness appears related to specific microbial taxa or metabolites that promote a state of physical health. The PA favors bacterial strains that can promote physical performance and that can induce beneficial changes in the brain. Currently, it seems useful to prioritize aerobic activities at a moderate and not prolonged intensity. There may be greater benefits if PA is undertaken from a young age and the effects on the GM seem to gradually disappear when the activity is stopped. The PA produces modifications in the GM that can mediate and induce mental health benefits.
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45
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Bonomini-Gnutzmann R, Plaza-Díaz J, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F. Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Humans: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159518. [PMID: 35954878 PMCID: PMC9368618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The gut microbiota might play a part in affecting athletic performance and is of considerable importance to athletes. The aim of this study was to search the recent knowledge of the protagonist played by high-intensity and high-duration aerobic exercise on gut microbiota composition in athletes and how these effects could provide disadvantages in sports performance. (2) Methods: This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. An exhaustive bibliographic search in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted considering the articles published in the last 5 years. The selected articles were categorized according to the type of study. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. (3) Results: Thirteen studies had negative effects of aerobic exercise on intestinal microbiota such as an upsurge in I-FABP, intestinal distress, and changes in the gut microbiota, such as an increase in Prevotella, intestinal permeability and zonulin. In contrast, seven studies observed positive effects of endurance exercise, including an increase in the level of bacteria such as increased microbial diversity and increased intestinal metabolites. (4) Conclusions: A large part of the studies found reported adverse effects on the intestinal microbiota when performing endurance exercises. In studies carried out on athletes, more negative effects on the microbiota were found than in those carried out on non-athletic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (C.J.-A.); Tel.: +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.); +569-95791706 (C.J.-A.)
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (C.J.-A.); Tel.: +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.); +569-95791706 (C.J.-A.)
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Gastric Cancer Research Group—Laboratory of Oncology, UC Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile;
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Wang L, Zhou B, Li X, Wang Y, Yang XM, Wang H, Yan J, Dong J. The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism during statin therapy is partially mediated by changes of the intestinal flora. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:112-120. [PMID: 35854693 PMCID: PMC9246419 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has confirmed that moderate-intensity exercise affects the gut microbiome
composition and improves cardiac function in an animal model after myocardial infarction
(MI). However, few studies have investigated the effects of exercise on glucose and lipid
metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) receiving a statin treatment and
successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Meanwhile, since statin therapy may
lead to the risk of an increase in blood glucose level in CHD patients, we hypothesized
that moderate-intensity exercise may be helpful for regulating glucose-lipid metabolism
and stabilizing the blood glucose level in CHD patients. Therefore, to confirm our
conjecture, we conducted a clinical retrospective study and animal experiment,
respectively. The clinical study involved a total of 501 statin-treated patients with CHD
after PCI. According to the study protocol, patients were divided into the following three
groups: a non-exercise group, exercise at the recommended standard group, and exercise not
at the recommended standard group. We found that qualified moderate-intensity exercise
decreased blood glucose and lipid levels at follow-up at a mean of 2.2 years, and the
incidence of new-onset diabetes showed a downward trend compared with the non-exercise and
exercise not at the recommended standard groups. Furthermore, we used a high-fat rat model
to explore an additional mechanism of the beneficial effects of exercise-based management
on glucose-lipid metabolism apart from the known mechanism. We used 16S rRNA
high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the changes induced by exercise in the
composition of intestinal flora in experimental rats. We found that rats that exercised
with or without statin administration had lower plasma glucose and lipid levels and that
these parameters were higher in the control and statin-treated rats that did not exercise.
These results were consistent with the human study. The results from high-throughput
sequencing of the intestinal flora of rats showed, to the best of our knowledge, that
exercise leads to an increased relative abundance of Akkermansia
muciniphila, which contributes to improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Based
on our current results, we suggest that moderate-intensity exercise can improve glucose
and lipid metabolism and prevent statin treatment-related side effects, such as
hyperglycemia, in patients after PCI. Exercise could facilitate the applicability of
statins for lower lipid levels. Exercise training also provides additional benefits, such
as alteration of the gut microbiota, which contributes to improved glucose and lipid
metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Baihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang Second People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiu Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jiakun Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Dziewiecka H, Buttar HS, Kasperska A, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Domagalska M, Cichoń J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Physical activity induced alterations of gut microbiota in humans: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:122. [PMID: 35799284 PMCID: PMC9264679 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic diseases, the alterations of gut microbiota with physical activity are not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review to address the question regarding the effects of mild and intense exercise on the gut microbiota in humans.
Methods The comparative analyses of gut microbiota were conducted following the PRISMA protocol to determine the differences in the active vs. non-active individuals (phenotypes) (n = 11), including the influence of physical activity intervention on the human gut microbiota (n = 13); the differences in the gut microbiota of athletes vs. non-athletes (n = 8); and the microbiota status at different stages of athletic performance or intervention (n = 7), with various of physical activities, sport disciplines, and activity duration. Literature searches were completed using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, and 2090 articles were retrieved by using appropriate keywords. The low heterogeneity of the studies hasn’t allowed us to prepare a meta-analysis. After excluding 2052 articles, we ultimately selected 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this review. Results The data analyses revealed that in non-athletes rising physical activity markedly influenced the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Aerobic training that lasted 60 min, and physical activity that characterized 60% HRmax or more also influenced beta diversity indexes. The results showed that athletes harbor a more diverse type of intestinal microflora than non-athletes, but with a relatively reduced abundance of SCFA- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect of intense exercise on the population of gut microbiota. Conclusion It is concluded that the level of physical activity modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota in humans. For a long period, increasing the intensity and volume of exercise may lead to gut dysbiosis. Perhaps, proper supplementation should be considered to keep gut microbiota in large biodiversity and richness, especially under unfavorable gut conditions associated with intense exercise. Trial registration Prospero CRD42021264064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dziewiecka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
| | - Harpal S Buttar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domagalska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Justyna Cichoń
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
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48
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Yin H, Huang J, Hu M. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Endothelial Function by Altering Gut Microbiome Composition in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:316-327. [PMID: 35768269 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity changes gut microbial ecology and is related to endothelial dysfunction. Although the correlation between gut microbial ecology and endothelial dysfunction has been studied in obese persons, the underlying mechanisms by which exercise enhances endothelial function in this group remain unclear. This study investigated whether exercise improves endothelial function and alters gut microbiome composition in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Obesity was induced by an HFD for 11 weeks. Whole-body composition and endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries were measured. Blood biochemical tests were performed, and gut microbiomes were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq platform. RESULTS Exercise training for 8 weeks improved body composition in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, compared with the untrained/HFD group, aerobic exercise significantly increased acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries (P < 0.05) and circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.05). In addition, exercise and HFD resulted in alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome; exercise reduced the relative abundance of Clostridiales and Romboutsia. Moreover, 12 species of bacteria, including Romboutsia, were significantly associated with parameters of endothelial function in the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aerobic exercise enhances endothelial function in HFD-fed rats by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. These findings provide new insights on the application of physical exercise for improving endothelial function in obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Junhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Min Hu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University
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49
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is common in aging and in patients with heart failure (HF) who may experience worse outcomes. Patients with muscle wasting are more likely to experience falls and can have serious complications when undergoing cardiac procedures. While intensive nutritional support and exercise rehabilitation can help reverse some of these changes, they are often under-prescribed in a timely manner, and we have limited insights into who would benefit. Mechanistic links between gut microbial metabolites (GMM) have been identified and may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cardio-renal diseases and aging. This review will examine the emerging evidence for the influence of the gut microbiome-derived metabolites and notable signaling pathways involved in both sarcopenia and HF, especially those linked to dietary intake and mitochondrial metabolism. This provides a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic and clinical insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies that target these GMM pathways or through tailored nutritional modulation to prevent progressive muscle wasting in elderly patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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50
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Giron M, Thomas M, Dardevet D, Chassard C, Savary-Auzeloux I. Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1460-1476. [PMID: 35278043 PMCID: PMC9178375 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscles are physiologically far from the gut. Signals generated by the gut due to its interaction with the gut microbiome (microbial metabolites, gut peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukins) constitute links between gut microbiota activity and skeletal muscle and regulate muscle functionality via modulation of systemic/tissue inflammation as well as insulin sensitivity. The probiotics able to limit sarcopenia and cachexia or promote health performances in rodents are mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In humans, the same bacteria have been tested, but the scarcity of the studies, the variability of the populations, and the difficulty to measure accurately and with high reproducibility muscle mass and function have not allowed to highlight specific strains able to optimize muscle mass and function. Further studies are required on more defined population, in order to design personalized nutrition. For elderly, testing the efficiency of probiotics according to the degree of frailty, nutritional state, or degree of sarcopenia before supplementation is essential. For exercise, selection of probiotics capable to be efficient in recreational and/or elite athletes, resistance, and/or endurance exercise would also require further attention. Ultimately, a combination of strategies capable to optimize muscle functionality, including bacteria (new microbes, bacterial ecosystems, or mix, more prone to colonize a specific gut ecosystem) associated with prebiotics and other 'traditional' supplements known to stimulate muscle anabolism (e.g. proteins), could be the best way to preserve muscle functionality in healthy individuals at all ages or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Giron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE UMR0545, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage, Aurillac, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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