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Corfitsen HT, Bilde K, Rerup T, Larsen A. The effect of vortioxetine on faecal microbiota in high-fat diet-exposed mice-A link to weight protection. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39129400 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight gain is a common side effect of antidepressive treatment, causing distress among patients and caretakers as it can lead to treatment discontinuation and complications such as diabetes type II and cardiovascular disease. Vortioxetine is one of the newer antidepressants and the pharmacodynamics differ from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is marketed as being weight neutral; however, there is little evidence as to why. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the faecal microbiota and its impact on body weight and mental and physical health. In the current work, we examine the effect of vortioxetine on weight gain and faecal microbiota composition. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6NTac mice were primed for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (Hfd) or control diet (Cd), followed by a 4-week period on the same diet and additional +/- vortioxetine 10 mg/kg/daily. RESULTS Vortioxetine reduced Hfd-induced weight gain (Hfd + V: 8.2%, Hfd - V: 12.7%; p = 0.0374) but did not affect weight gain of the control group (Cd + V: 7.54%, Cd - V: 7.56%; p = 0.4944). Significant differences in faecal microbiota were observed in mice who received vortioxetine. CONCLUSION Vortioxetine caused significant changes to the faecal microbiota composition and appeared to limit Hfd-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Bilde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Rerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Koleva P, He J, Dunsmore G, Bozorgmehr N, Lu J, Huynh M, Tollenaar S, Huang V, Walter J, Way SS, Elahi S. CD71 + erythroid cells promote intestinal symbiotic microbial communities in pregnancy and neonatal period. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:142. [PMID: 39080725 PMCID: PMC11290123 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of microbial communities in neonatal mammals plays a pivotal role in shaping their immune responses to infections and other immune-related conditions. This process is influenced by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. Previously, we reported that depletion of CD71 + erythroid cells (CECs) results in an inflammatory response to microbial communities in newborn mice. RESULTS Here, we systemically tested this hypothesis and observed that the small intestinal lamina propria of neonatal mice had the highest frequency of CECs during the early days of life. This high abundance of CECs was attributed to erythropoiesis niches within the small intestinal tissues. Notably, the removal of CECs from the intestinal tissues by the anti-CD71 antibody disrupted immune homeostasis. This disruption was evident by alteration in the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Intriguingly, these alterations in microbial communities persisted when tested 5 weeks post-treatment, with a more notable effect observed in female mice. This illustrates a sex-dependent association between CECs and neonatal microbiome modulation. Moreover, we extended our studies on pregnant mice, observing that modulating CECs substantially alters the frequency and diversity of their microbial communities. Finally, we found a significantly lower proportion of CECs in the cord blood of pre-term human newborns, suggesting a potential role in dysregulated immune responses to microbial communities in the gut. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into pivotal role of CECs in immune homeostasis and swift adaptation of microbial communities in newborns. Despite the complexity of the cellular biology of the gut, our findings shed light on the previously unappreciated role of CECs in the dialogue between the microbiota and immune system. These findings have significant implications for human health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Koleva
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jia He
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Julia Lu
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maia Huynh
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Edmonton, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vivian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Edmonton, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Centre for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- 7020G Katz Group Centre for Pharmacology and Health Research, 11361-87Th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E1, Canada.
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Kou X, Ma Q, Liu Y, Khan MZ, Wu B, Chen W, Liu X, Wang C, Li Y. Exploring the Effect of Gastrointestinal Prevotella on Growth Performance Traits in Livestock Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1965. [PMID: 38998077 PMCID: PMC11240335 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in the rumen play a crucial role in determining the most efficient utilization rate of nutrients. Among these microorganisms, Prevotella stands out as one of the most representative bacteria within the rumen biological system. Prevotella is a common strict anaerobic bacterium that is found in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock. Prevotella plays a crucial role in breaking down and metabolizing complex nutrients like cellulose and protein during food digestion. Moreover, it is capable of working together with other bacteria in the body's digestive system. Several studies have shown a strong correlation between the abundance of Prevotella and livestock growth performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research on the function, mechanisms, and applications of Prevotella in the gastrointestinal tract. The insights provided in this review could serve as a theoretical basis for accurately classifying Prevotella, further investigating its effects and potential mechanisms on livestock growth performance, and exploring its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Kou
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yihong Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Boxian Wu
- Shandong Dong’e Black Donkey Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Cheng M, Jia X, Ren L, Chen S, Wang W, Wang J, Cong B. Region-Specific Effects of Metformin on Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7250. [PMID: 39000356 PMCID: PMC11241422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucose-lowering drug metformin alters the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other diseases. Nevertheless, most studies on the effects of this drug have relied on fecal samples, which provide limited insights into its local effects on different regions of the gut. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of T2DM, we characterize the spatial variability of the gut microbiome and associated metabolome in response to metformin treatment. Four parts of the gut as well as the feces were analyzed using full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and targeted metabolomic analyses, thus providing insights into the composition of the microbiome and associated metabolome. We found significant differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome in each gut region, with the most pronounced effects on the microbiomes of the cecum, colon, and feces, with a significant increase in a variety of species belonging to Akkermansiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Tannerellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. Metabolomics analysis showed that metformin had the most pronounced effect on microbiome-derived metabolites in the cecum and colon, with several metabolites, such as carbohydrates, fatty acids, and benzenoids, having elevated levels in the colon; however, most of the metabolites were reduced in the cecum. Thus, a wide range of beneficial metabolites derived from the microbiome after metformin treatment were produced mainly in the colon. Our study highlights the importance of considering gut regions when understanding the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Cheng
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xianxian Jia
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Siqian Chen
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Chang SH, Ko YF, Liau JC, Wu CY, Hwang TL, Ojcius DM, Young JD, Martel J. Hirsutella sinensis polysaccharides and Parabacteroides goldsteinii reduce lupus severity in imiquimod-treated mice. Biomed J 2024:100754. [PMID: 38901796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing in developed countries, possibly due to the modern Western diet and lifestyle. We showed earlier that polysaccharides derived from the medicinal fungus Hirsutella sinensis produced anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing the abundance of the commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii in mice fed with a high-fat diet. METHODS We examined the effects of the prebiotics, H. sinensis polysaccharides, and probiotic, P. goldsteinii, in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. RESULTS The fungal polysaccharides and P. goldsteinii reduced markers of lupus severity, including the increase of spleen weight, proteinuria, and serum levels of anti-DNA auto-antibodies and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4). Moreover, the polysaccharides and P. goldsteinii improved markers of kidney and liver functions such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glomerulus damage and fibrosis, and serum liver enzymes. However, the prebiotics and probiotics did not influence gut microbiota composition, colonic histology, or expression of tight junction proteins in colon tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that H. sinensis polysaccharides and the probiotic P. goldsteinii can reduce lupus markers in imiquimod-treated mice. These prebiotics and probiotics may therefore be added to other interventions conducive of a healthy lifestyle in order to counter autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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da Costa ALA, Soares MA, Lourenço TGB, Guimarães-Pinto K, Filardy AD, de Oliveira AM, de Luca BG, Magliano DAC, Araujo OMO, Moura L, Lopes RT, Palhares de Miranda AL, Tributino JLM, Vieira Colombo AP. Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 correlates with colonic leukocytes decrease and gut microbiome imbalance in mice. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38757372 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral-gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks. Colonic lamina propria, fecal material, serum, gingival tissues, and mandibles were obtained for analyses of leukocyte populations, inflammatory mediators, mucosal integrity, alveolar bone loss, and gut microbiota. Differences between groups for these parameters were examined by non-parametric tests. RESULTS The gut microbial richness and the number of colonic macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly lower in Aa JP2-infected mice than in controls (p < .05). In contrast, infected animals showed higher abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Helicobacter rodentium, higher levels of IL-6 expression in colonic tissues, and higher splenic MPO activity than controls (p < .05). No differences in tight junction expression, serum endotoxin levels, and colonic inflammatory cytokines were observed between groups. Infected animals presented also slightly more alveolar bone loss and gingival IL-6 levels than controls (p < .05). CONCLUSION Based on this model, intragastric administration of Aa JP2 is associated with changes in the gut ecosystem of healthy hosts, characterized by less live/recruited myeloid cells, enrichment of the gut microbiota with pathobionts and decrease in commensals. Negligible levels of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and no signs of mucosal barrier disruption were related to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L A da Costa
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Talita G B Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra D Filardy
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olga M O Araujo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moura
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Palhares de Miranda
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L M Tributino
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oretomiloye F, Adewole D. Exploring the modulatory effects of brown seaweed meal and extracts on intestinal microbiota and morphology of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103562. [PMID: 38417338 PMCID: PMC10909895 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is known for its prebiotic roles and can improve animal intestinal health by enhancing the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting pathogenic ones. However, the gut health-modulatory roles of brown seaweed on chickens challenged with heat stress (HS) are rarely studied. The current study examined the effects of brown seaweed meal (SWM) and extract (SWE) on the ceca microbiota and small intestinal morphology of chickens challenged or unchallenged with HS. Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1°C); or HS room (HS; 32-34°C, 8 h/d from d 21 to 27). All birds in each room were randomly allotted to 4 treatments - control (CON), CON + 1 mL/L seaweed extract (SWE) in drinking water, CON + 2 mL/L SWE in drinking water, and CON + 2% seaweed meal (SWM) in feed and raised for 28 d. On d 14 and 28, 12 and 24 birds per treatment group, respectively, were euthanized to collect the ceca content for gut microbiota analysis and small intestinal tissues for morphological examination. On d 14, 2% SWM increased (P = 0.047) the relative abundance of cecal Fecalibacterium and all brown seaweed treatments improved jejunal villus height (VH) and VH:CD compared to the CON diet. On d 28, HS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) ileal VH, VW, and VH:CD, and duodenal VH and VH:CD. Among the HS group, 2% SWM and 2 mL/L SWE significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Sellimonas, and Fournierella, compared to the CON diet. HS birds fed with 2% SWM had higher ileal VH and VH:CD compared to other treatments. In summary, SWM and SWE enhanced the abundance of beneficial microbes and improved small intestinal morphology among HS chickens. This implies that seaweed could potentially alleviate HS-induced intestinal impairment in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo Oretomiloye
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Dai J, Jiang M, Wang X, Lang T, Wan L, Wang J. Human-derived bacterial strains mitigate colitis via modulating gut microbiota and repairing intestinal barrier function in mice. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38521930 PMCID: PMC10960398 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbalanced gut microbiota is considered as a pivotal etiological factor in colitis. Nevertheless, the precise influence of the endogenous gut microbiota composition on the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics in colitis remains largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we isolated bacteria from fecal samples of a healthy donor and a patient with ulcerative colitis in remission. Subsequently, we identified three bacterial strains that exhibited a notable ability to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, as evidenced by increased colon length, reduced disease activity index, and improved histological score. Further analysis revealed that each of Pediococcus acidilactici CGMCC NO.17,943, Enterococcus faecium CGMCC NO.17,944 and Escherichia coli CGMCC NO.17,945 significantly attenuated inflammatory responses and restored gut barrier dysfunction in mice. Mechanistically, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that these three strains partially restored the overall structure of the gut microbiota disrupted by DSS. Specially, they promoted the growth of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus murinus, which were positively correlated with gut barrier function, while suppressing Odoribacter, Rikenella, Oscillibacter and Parasutterella, which were related to inflammation. Additionally, these strains modulated the composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal content, leading to an increase in acetate and a decrease in butyrate. Furthermore, the expression of metabolites related receptors, such as receptor G Protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 43, were also affected. Notably, the depletion of endogenous gut microbiota using broad-spectrum antibiotics completely abrogated these protective effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that selected human-derived bacterial strains alleviate experimental colitis and intestinal barrier dysfunction through mediating resident gut microbiota and their metabolites in mice. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic application of probiotics in the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Wan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Hajra D, Kirthivasan N, Chakravortty D. Symbiotic Synergy from Sponges to Humans: Microflora-Host Harmony Is Crucial for Ensuring Survival and Shielding against Invading Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:317-336. [PMID: 38170903 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays several roles in the host organism's metabolism and physiology. This phenomenon holds across different species from different kingdoms and classes. Different species across various classes engage in continuous crosstalk via various mechanisms with their gut microbiota, ensuring homeostasis of the host. In this Review, the diversity of the microflora, the development of the microflora in the host, its regulations by the host, and its functional implications on the host, especially in the context of dysbiosis, are discussed across different organisms from sponges to humans. Overall, our review aims to address the indispensable nature of the microbiome in the host's survival, fitness, and protection against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Nikhita Kirthivasan
- Undergraduate Programme, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
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Mrázek J, Mrázková L, Mekadim C, Jarošíková T, Krayem I, Sohrabi Y, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Effects of Leishmania major infection on the gut microbiome of resistant and susceptible mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:145. [PMID: 38240984 PMCID: PMC10799115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania major, is a widely frequent form in humans. To explore the importance of the host gut microbiota and to investigate its changes during L. major infection, two different groups of mouse models were assessed. The microbiome of two parts of the host gut-ileum and colon-from infected and non-infected mice were characterised by sequencing of 16S rDNA using an Ion Torrent PGM platform. Microbiome analysis was performed to reveal changes related to the susceptibility and the genetics of mice strains in two different gut compartments and to compare the results between infected and non-infected mice. The results showed that Leishmania infection affects mainly the ileum microbiota, whereas the colon bacterial community was more stable. Different biomarkers were determined in the gut microbiota of infected resistant mice and infected susceptible mice using LEfSe analysis. Lactobacillaceae was associated with resistance in the colon microbiota of all resistant mice strains infected with L. major. Genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and amino acid metabolism were primarily enriched in the small intestine microbiome of resistant strains, while genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were most abundant in the gut microbiome of the infected susceptible mice. These results should improve our understanding of host-parasite interaction and provide important insights into the effect of leishmaniasis on the gut microbiota. Also, this study highlights the role of host genetic variation in shaping the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome. KEY POINTS: • Leishmaniasis may affect mainly the ileum microbiota while colon microbiota was more stable. • Biomarkers related with resistance or susceptibility were determined in the gut microbiota of mice. • Several pathways were predicted to be upregulated in the gut microbiota of resistant or susceptible mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mrázková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Chahrazed Mekadim
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Taťána Jarošíková
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
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11
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Fonseca-Pereira D, Bae S, Michaud M, Glickman JN, Garrett WS. Chronic binge drinking-induced susceptibility to colonic inflammation is microbiome-dependent. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2392874. [PMID: 39163515 PMCID: PMC11340762 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2392874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal permeability and the gut microbiome caused by alcohol abuse are associated with alcoholic liver disease and with worsening of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) symptoms. To resolve the direct effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the colon and its microbiome in the absence of acute or chronic alcohol-induced liver disease, we developed a mouse model of chronic binge drinking that uncovers how alcohol may enhance susceptibility to colitis via the microbiota. Employing daily ethanol gavage, we recapitulate key features of binge ethanol consumption. We found that binge ethanol drinking worsens intestinal infection, colonic injury and inflammation, and this effect persists beyond the drinking period. Using gnotobiotics, we showed that alcohol-driven susceptibility to colitis is microbiota-dependent and transferable to ethanol-naïve mice by microbiome transplantation. Allobaculum spp. expanded in binge drinking mice, and administration of Allobaculum fili was sufficient to enhance colitis in non-drinking mice. Our study provides a model to study binge drinking-microbiota interactions and their effects on host disease and reinforces the pathogenic function of Allobaculum spp. as colitogenic bacteria. Our findings illustrate how chronic binge drinking-induced alterations of the microbiome may affect susceptibility to IBD onset or flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Fonseca-Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sena Bae
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Glickman
- Gastrointestinal Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Herfindal AM, van Megen F, Gilde MKO, Valeur J, Rudi K, Skodje GI, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Bøhn SK. Effects of a low FODMAP diet on gut microbiota in individuals with treated coeliac disease having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms - a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2061-2075. [PMID: 37272479 PMCID: PMC10657752 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with coeliac disease (CeD) often experience gastrointestinal symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). While we recently showed that a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) successfully provided symptom relief in GFD-treated CeD patients, there have been concerns that the low FODMAP diet (LFD) could adversely affect the gut microbiota. Our main objective was therefore to investigate whether the LFD affects the faecal microbiota and related variables of gut health. In a randomised controlled trial GFD-treated CeD adults, having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, were randomised to either consume a combined LFD and GFD (n 39) for 4 weeks or continue with GFD (controls, n 36). Compared with the control group, the LFD group displayed greater changes in the overall faecal microbiota profile (16S rRNA gene sequencing) from baseline to follow-up (within-subject β-diversity, P < 0·001), characterised by lower and higher follow-up abundances (%) of genus Anaerostipes (Pgroup < 0·001) and class Erysipelotrichia (Pgroup = 0·02), respectively. Compared with the control group, the LFD led to lower follow-up concentrations of faecal propionic and valeric acid (GC-FID) in participants with high concentrations at baseline (Pinteraction ≤ 0·009). No differences were found in faecal bacterial α-diversity (Pgroup ≥ 0·20) or in faecal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ELISA), a biomarker of gut integrity and inflammation (Pgroup = 0·74), between the groups at follow-up. The modest effects of the LFD on the gut microbiota and related variables in the CeD patients of the present study are encouraging given the beneficial effects of the LFD strategy to treat functional GI symptoms (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03678935).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Frida van Megen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari K. O. Gilde
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gry I. Skodje
- Healthy Life Centre, Municipality of Nes, Nes, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Zhang F, Tao Z, Chen C, Chow BKC. Effects of secretin gene knockout on the diversity, composition, and function of gut microbiota in adult male mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257857. [PMID: 38156312 PMCID: PMC10753818 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis, however, whether it is influenced by gut hormones remains unknown. Secretin is a well-known gastrointestinal hormone produced by enteroendocrine S cells. This study utilized 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the effect of SCT deficiency on the gut microbiota. Our results show that systemic SCT knockout alters the composition and abundance of the mouse gut microbiota but does not affect fecal short-chain fatty acids and lipids concentrations. At the genus level, the abundance of Turicibacter, Bacteroides, Ruminococcu, Romboutsia, Asaccharobacter, and Parasutterella increased in SCT-/- mice, whereas the abundance of Akkermansia and Escherichia decreased. Functional prediction results showed that lack of SCT reduced the abundance of carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways but increased the abundance of linoleic acid metabolism and branched-chain amino acid degradation. Overall, systemic SCT knockout had only minor effects on gut microbiota composition and function in adult male mice fed a standard chow diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Billy Kwok Chong Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Gómez-Varela D, Xian F, Grundtner S, Sondermann JR, Carta G, Schmidt M. Increasing taxonomic and functional characterization of host-microbiome interactions by DIA-PASEF metaproteomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258703. [PMID: 37908546 PMCID: PMC10613666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metaproteomics is a rapidly advancing field that offers unique insights into the taxonomic composition and the functional activity of microbial communities, and their effects on host physiology. Classically, data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied for peptide identification and quantification in metaproteomics. However, DDA-MS exhibits well-known limitations in terms of depth, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Consequently, methodological improvements are required to better characterize the protein landscape of microbiomes and their interactions with the host. Methods We present an optimized proteomic workflow that utilizes the information captured by Parallel Accumulation-Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) MS for comprehensive metaproteomic studies in complex fecal samples of mice. Results and discussion We show that implementing PASEF using a DDA acquisition scheme (DDA-PASEF) increased peptide quantification up to 5 times and reached higher accuracy and reproducibility compared to previously published classical DDA and data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combination of DIA, PASEF, and neuronal-network-based data analysis, was superior to DDA-PASEF in all mentioned parameters. Importantly, DIA-PASEF expanded the dynamic range towards low-abundant proteins and it doubled the quantification of proteins with unknown or uncharacterized functions. Compared to previous classical DDA metaproteomic studies, DIA-PASEF resulted in the quantification of up to 4 times more taxonomic units using 16 times less injected peptides and 4 times shorter chromatography gradients. Moreover, 131 additional functional pathways distributed across more and even uniquely identified taxa were profiled as revealed by a peptide-centric taxonomic-functional analysis. We tested our workflow on a validated preclinical mouse model of neuropathic pain to assess longitudinal changes in host-gut microbiome interactions associated with pain - an unexplored topic for metaproteomics. We uncovered the significant enrichment of two bacterial classes upon pain, and, in addition, the upregulation of metabolic activities previously linked to chronic pain as well as various hitherto unknown ones. Furthermore, our data revealed pain-associated dynamics of proteome complexes implicated in the crosstalk between the host immune system and the gut microbiome. In conclusion, the DIA-PASEF metaproteomic workflow presented here provides a stepping stone towards a deeper understanding of microbial ecosystems across the breadth of biomedical and biotechnological fields.
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15
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de Queiroz Cavalcanti SA, de Almeida LA, Gasparotto J. Effects of a high saturated fatty acid diet on the intestinal microbiota modification and associated impacts on Parkinson's disease development. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578171. [PMID: 37562163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has focused on the link between diet, intestinal microbiota, and the impact of excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids, found in animal fats, dairy, and processed foods, contribute to dysbiosis, increase intestinal barrier permeability, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, affecting the central nervous system. High intake of saturated fatty acids is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Diets low in saturated fats, rich in fibers, promote microbial diversity, improve gut health, and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, CEP: 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, CEP: 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Ayan E, DeMirci H, Serdar MA, Palermo F, Baykal AT. Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: A Metaproteomic Approach for Biomarker Discovery in Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12819. [PMID: 37629000 PMCID: PMC10454110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating form of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has investigated the complex interplay between gut microbiota and neurodegeneration, the metaproteomic effects of microbiota on AD pathogenesis remain largely uncharted territory. This study aims to reveal the role of gut microbiota in AD pathogenesis, particularly regarding changes in the proteome and molecular pathways that are intricately linked to disease progression. We operated state-of-the-art Nano-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to compare the metaproteomic shifts of 3-month-old transgenic (3M-ALZ) and control (3M-ALM, Alzheimer's Littermate) mice, depicting the early onset of AD with those of 12-month-old ALZ and ALM mice displaying the late stage of AD. Combined with computational analysis, the outcomes of the gut-brain axis-focused inquiry furnish priceless knowledge regarding the intersection of gut microbiota and AD. Accordingly, our data indicate that the microbiota, proteome, and molecular changes in the intestine arise long before the manifestation of disease symptoms. Moreover, disparities exist between the normal-aged flora and the gut microbiota of late-stage AD mice, underscoring that the identified vital phyla, proteins, and pathways hold immense potential as markers for the early and late stages of AD. Our research endeavors to offer a comprehensive inquiry into the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease utilizing metaproteomic approaches, which have not been widely adopted in this domain. This highlights the exigency for further scientific exploration to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern this complex and multifaceted linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (E.A.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Hasan DeMirci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koç University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94305, USA
| | - Muhittin Abdulkadir Serdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (E.A.); (M.A.S.)
| | | | - Ahmet Tarık Baykal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (E.A.); (M.A.S.)
- Acıbadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, İstanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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17
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Fenn J, Taylor C, Goertz S, Wanelik KM, Paterson S, Begon M, Jackson J, Bradley J. Discrete patterns of microbiome variability across timescales in a wild rodent population. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36997846 PMCID: PMC10061908 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal microbiomes are highly variable, both within individuals and across populations, with changes linked to time and ageing being widely reported. Discerning patterns of change in wild mammal populations can therefore prove challenging. We used high-throughput community sequencing methods to characterise the microbiome of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) from faecal samples collected across 12 live-trapping field sessions, and then at cull. Changes in α- and β-diversity were modelled over three timescales. Short-term differences (following 1–2 days captivity) were analysed between capture and cull, to ascertain the degree to which the microbiome can change following a rapid change in environment. Medium-term changes were measured between successive trapping sessions (12–16 days apart), and long-term changes between the first and final capture of an individual (from 24 to 129 days). The short period between capture and cull was characterised by a marked loss of species richness, while over medium and long-term in the field, richness slightly increased. Changes across both short and long timescales indicated shifts from a Firmicutes-dominant to a Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiome. Dramatic changes following captivity indicate that changes in microbiome diversity can be rapid, following a change of environment (food sources, temperature, lighting etc.). Medium- and long-term patterns of change indicate an accrual of gut bacteria associated with ageing, with these new bacteria being predominately represented by Bacteroidetes. While the patterns of change observed are unlikely to be universal to wild mammal populations, the potential for analogous shifts across timescales should be considered whenever studying wild animal microbiomes. This is especially true if studies involve animal captivity, as there are potential ramifications both for animal health, and the validity of the data itself as a reflection of a ‘natural’ state of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fenn
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Christopher Taylor
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sarah Goertz
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klara M. Wanelik
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joe Jackson
- grid.8752.80000 0004 0460 5971University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jan Bradley
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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18
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Neha SA, Salazar-Bravo J. Fine-scale spatial variation shape fecal microbiome diversity and composition in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36858951 PMCID: PMC9979494 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host associated gut microbiota are important in understanding the coevolution of host-microbe, and how they may help wildlife populations to adapt to rapid environmental changes. Mammalian gut microbiota composition and diversity may be affected by a variety of factors including geographic variation, seasonal variation in diet, habitat disturbance, environmental conditions, age, and sex. However, there have been few studies that examined how ecological and environmental factors influence gut microbiota composition in animals' natural environments. In this study, we explore how host habitat, geographical location and environmental factors affect the fecal microbiota of Cynomys ludovicianus at a small spatial scale. We collected fecal samples from five geographically distinct locations in the Texas Panhandle classified as urban and rural areas and analyzed them using high throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that microbiota of these fecal samples was largely dominated by the phylum Bacteroidetes. Fecal microbiome diversity and composition differed significantly across sampling sites and habitats. Prairie dogs inhabiting urban areas showed reduced fecal diversity due to more homogenous environment and, likely, anthropogenic disturbance. Urban prairie dog colonies displayed greater phylogenetic variation among replicates than those in rural habitats. Differentially abundant analysis revealed that bacterial species pathogenic to humans and animals were highly abundant in urban areas which indicates that host health and fitness might be negatively affected. Random forest models identified Alistipes shahii as the important species driving the changes in fecal microbiome composition. Despite the effects of habitat and geographic location of host, we found a strong correlation with environmental factors and that- average maximum temperature was the best predictor of prairie dog fecal microbial diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that reduction in alpha diversity in conjunction with greater dispersion in beta diversity could be indicative of declining host health in urban areas; this information may, in turn, help determine future conservation efforts. Moreover, several bacterial species pathogenic to humans and other animals were enriched in prairie dog colonies near urban areas, which may in turn adversely affect host phenotype and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Akter Neha
- International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79409, USA.
| | - Jorge Salazar-Bravo
- International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79409, USA
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Alonzo-De la Rosa CM, Miard S, Taubert S, Picard F. Methods to extract and study the biological effects of murine gut microbiota using Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening host. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281887. [PMID: 36821579 PMCID: PMC9949637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been established as a main regulator of health. However, how changes in gut microbiota are directly associated with physiological and cellular alterations has been difficult to tackle on a large-scale basis, notably because of the cost and labor-extensive resources required for rigorous experiments in mammals. In the present study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to elucidate microbiota-host interactions. We developed a method to extract gut microbiota (MCB) from murine feces, and tested its potential as food source for and its impact on C. elegans biology compared to the standard bacterial diet Escherichia coli OP50. Although less preferred than OP50, MCB was not avoided but had a lower energy density (triglycerides and glucose). Consistently, MCB-fed worms exhibited smaller body length and size, lower fertility, and lower fat content than OP50-fed worms, but had a longer mean lifespan, which resembles the effects of calorie restriction in mammals. However, these outcomes were altered when bacteria were inactivated, suggesting an important role of symbiosis of MCB beyond nutrient source. Taken together, our findings support the effectiveness of gut MCB processing to test its effects in C. elegans. More work comparing MCB of differently treated mice or humans is required to further validate relevance to mammals before large-scale screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miriam Alonzo-De la Rosa
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Miard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bai J, Shen N, Liu Y. Associations between the Gut Microbiome and Migraines in Children Aged 7-18 Years: An Analysis of the American Gut Project Cohort. Pain Manag Nurs 2023; 24:35-43. [PMID: 35907763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome seems to play a role in migraines through increasing intestinal epithelial permeability and pro-inflammatory processes. The associations between the gut microbiome and migraines are uncertain in children. AIM The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the associations between the gut microbiome and migraines in children aged 7-18 years from the American Gut Project (AGP). METHOD A cohort of children aged 7-18 years from the AGP was analyzed. 16S rRNA V4 gene sequences for the gut microbiome, migraines, and demographics were obtained from the AGP Public Repository. After quality control of 16S rRNA gene sequences, α-diversity (Shannon, Faith's_PD, and evenness) and β-diversity metrics (Bray-Curtis and weighted-UniFrac distances), taxonomy, and abundance analyses were implemented using QIIME 2. RESULTS In total, 381 children (341 without migraines; 40 with professional or self-diagnosed migraines) were analyzed with a mean age of 11.5 years. Compared with those without migraines, children with migraines showed lower estimates in Shannon and Faith's_PD (p < .01). Both Bray-Curtis and weighted-UniFrac distances displayed the gut microbial dissimilarities between these two groups (p = .001). Children with migraines had higher abundances in genus of phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Odoribacter), Actinobacteria (Eggerthella, Varibaculum), Firmicutes (SMB53, Lachnospira, Dorea, Veillonella, Anaerotruncus, Butyricicoccus, Coprobacillus, Eubacterium), and Proteobacteria (Sutterella) than children without migraines. CONCLUSIONS Associations of the gut microbiome diversity and abundances with migraines in children indicated potential biological mechanisms of migraines. Future work needs to confirm our findings in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Natalie Shen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yanqun Liu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Zhou X, Ma Y, Yang C, Zhao Z, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhao L, Li C, Su Z, Wang X, Ming W, Zeng L, Kang X. Rumen and Fecal Microbiota Characteristics of Qinchuan Cattle with Divergent Residual Feed Intake. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020358. [PMID: 36838323 PMCID: PMC9964965 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the indicators of feed efficiency. To investigate the microbial characteristics and differences in the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle with different RFI, a metagenome methodology was used to explore the characteristics of the rumen and fecal microbiota in 10 Qinchuan cattle (five in each of the extremely high and extremely low RFI groups). The results of taxonomic annotation revealed that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla in rumen and feces. Prevotella was identified as a potential biomarker in the rumen of the LRFI group by the LEfSe method, while Turicibacter and Prevotella might be potential biomarkers of the HRFI and LRFI group in feces, respectively. Functional annotation revealed that the microbiota in the rumen of the HRFI group had a greater ability to utilize dietary polysaccharides and dietary protein. Association analysis of rumen microbes (genus level) with host genes revealed that microbiota including Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Treponema, Oscillibacter, and Muribaculum, were significantly associated with differentially expressed genes regulating RFI. This study discovered variances in the microbial composition of rumen and feces of beef cattle with different RFIs, demonstrating that differences in microbes may play a critical role in regulating the bovine divergent RFI phenotype variations.
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22
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Carson MD, Warner AJ, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Geiser VL, Kim J, Gerasco JE, Hill WD, Lemasters JJ, Alekseyenko AV, Wu Y, Yao H, Aguirre JI, Westwater C, Novince CM. Minocycline-induced disruption of the intestinal FXR/FGF15 axis impairs osteogenesis in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:160578. [PMID: 36413391 PMCID: PMC9870091 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced shifts in the indigenous gut microbiota influence normal skeletal maturation. Current theory implies that gut microbiota actions on bone occur through a direct gut/bone signaling axis. However, our prior work supports that a gut/liver signaling axis contributes to gut microbiota effects on bone. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of minocycline, a systemic antibiotic treatment for adolescent acne, on pubertal/postpubertal skeletal maturation. Sex-matched specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6T mice were administered a clinically relevant minocycline dose from age 6-12 weeks. Minocycline caused dysbiotic shifts in the gut bacteriome and impaired skeletal maturation in SPF mice but did not alter the skeletal phenotype in GF mice. Minocycline administration in SPF mice disrupted the intestinal farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15 axis, a gut/liver endocrine axis supporting systemic bile acid homeostasis. Minocycline-treated SPF mice had increased serum conjugated bile acids that were farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists, suppressed osteoblast function, decreased bone mass, and impaired bone microarchitecture and fracture resistance. Stimulating osteoblasts with the serum bile acid profile from minocycline-treated SPF mice recapitulated the suppressed osteogenic phenotype found in vivo, which was mediated through attenuated FXR signaling. This work introduces bile acids as a potentially novel mediator of gut/liver signaling actions contributing to gut microbiota effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Vincenza L Geiser
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Joy E Gerasco
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Biomedical Informatics Center, Program for Human Microbiome Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine.,Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions; and
| | - Yongren Wu
- Department of Orthopedics & Physical Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine.,Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine
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23
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Olías-Molero AI, Botías P, Cuquerella M, García-Cantalejo J, Barcia E, Torrado S, Torrado JJ, Alunda JM. Leishmania infantum infection does not affect the main composition of the intestinal microbiome of the Syrian hamster. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:468. [PMID: 36522762 PMCID: PMC9753363 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of all leishmanial infections and is caused by infection with protozoa of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. This parasitic disease occurs in over 80 countries and its geographic distribution is on the rise. Although the interaction between the intestinal microbiome and the immune response has been established in several pathologies, it has not been widely studied in leishmaniasis. The Syrian hamster is the most advanced laboratory model for developing vaccines and new drugs against VL. In the study reported here, we explored the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and infection with L. infantum in this surrogate host. METHODS Male Syrian hamsters (120-140 g) were inoculated with 108 promastigotes of a canine-derived L. infantum strain or left as uninfected control animals. Infection was maintained for 19 weeks (endpoint) and monitored by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enyzme-linked immunosorbent assay throughout the experiment. Individual faecal samples, obtained at weeks 16, 18 and 19 post-inoculation, were analysed to determine the 16S metagenomic composition (the operational taxonomic units [OTUs] of the intestinal microbiome and the comparison between groups were FDR (false discovery rate)-adjusted). RESULTS Leishmania infantum infection elicited moderate clinical signs and lesions and a steady increase in specific anti-Leishmania serum IgG. The predominant phyla (Firmicutes + Bacteriodetes: > 90%), families (Muribaculaceae + Lachnospiraceae + Ruminococcaceae: 70-80%) and genera found in the uninfected hamsters showed no significant variations throughout the experiment. Leishmania infantum infection provoked a slightly higher-albeit non-significant-value for the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio but no notable differences were found in the relative abundance or diversity of phyla and families. The microbiome of the infected hamsters was enriched in CAG-352, whereas Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, the [Eubacterium] ventriosum group and Allobaculum were less abundant. CONCLUSIONS The lack of extensive significant differences between hamsters infected and uninfected with L. infantum in the higher taxa (phyla, families) and the scarce variation found, which was restricted to genera with a low relative abundance, suggest that there is no clear VL infection-intestinal microbiome axis in hamsters. Further studies are needed (chronic infections, co-abundance analyses, intestinal sampling, functional analysis) to confirm these findings and to determine more precisely the possible relationship between microbiome composition and VL infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Olías-Molero
- ICPVet, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Botías
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Asistencia a la Investigación de Técnicas Biológicas, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cuquerella
- ICPVet, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Cantalejo
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Asistencia a la Investigación de Técnicas Biológicas, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy UCM, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy UCM, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy UCM, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Alunda
- ICPVet, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy UCM, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Wiscovitch-Russo R, Taal AM, Kuelbs C, Oldfield LM, Ramar M, Singh H, Fedulov AV, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. Gut and lung microbiome profiles in pregnant mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946779. [PMID: 36578567 PMCID: PMC9791091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microbiome research has expanded from the gastrointestinal tract to other host sites previously thought to be abacterial such as the lungs. Yet, the effects of pregnancy in the lung and gut microbiome remains unclear. Here we examined the changes in the gut and lung microbiome in mice at 14 days of gestation. Lung tissue and stool samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant female BALB/c mice, DNA was isolated, amplified, and bacterial specific V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Using an in-house bioinformatic pipeline we assessed the microbial composition of each organ using stool and lung tissue samples. The stool data showed that Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in the pregnant mice. Likewise, Lactobacillaceae were dominant in the lungs of pregnant mice. However, Streptococcaceae were dominant in the lungs of non-pregnant mice with a low microbial abundance in the pregnant mice. A permutation test showed that pregnancy significantly contributes to the variance in both the lung and stool microbiome. At the same time, we estimate that 49% of the total detected operational taxonomic units were shared between the stool and lung data. After removing common stool-associated bacteria from the lung dataset, no microbial differential abundance was detected between the pregnant and non-pregnant lung microbial community. Thus, pregnancy contributes to variance to the lung and stool microbiome but not in the unique lung microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aji Mary Taal
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Claire Kuelbs
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - MohanKumar Ramar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Alexey V. Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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The Kitty Microbiome Project: Defining the Healthy Fecal "Core Microbiome" in Pet Domestic Cats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110635. [PMID: 36423084 PMCID: PMC9698023 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a taxonomically defined fecal microbiome dataset for healthy domestic cats (Felis catus) fed a range of commercial diets. We used this healthy reference dataset to explore how age, diet, and living environment correlate with fecal microbiome composition. Thirty core bacterial genera were identified. Prevotella, Bacteroides, Collinsella, Blautia, and Megasphaera were the most abundant, and Bacteroides, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Sutterella, and Ruminococcus gnavus were the most prevalent. While community composition remained relatively stable across different age classes, the number of core taxa present decreased significantly with age. Fecal microbiome composition varied with host diet type. Cats fed kibble had a slightly, but significantly greater number of core taxa compared to cats not fed any kibble. The core microbiomes of cats fed some raw food contained taxa not as highly prevalent or abundant as cats fed diets that included kibble. Living environment also had a large effect on fecal microbiome composition. Cats living in homes differed significantly from those in shelters and had a greater portion of their microbiomes represented by core taxa. Collectively our work reinforces the findings that age, diet, and living environment are important factors to consider when defining a core microbiome in a population.
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26
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Park J, Davis K, Lajoie G, Parfrey LW. Alternative approaches to identify core bacteria in Fucus distichus microbiome and assess their distribution and host-specificity. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:55. [PMID: 36384808 PMCID: PMC9670562 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying meaningful ecological associations between host and components of the microbiome is challenging. This is especially true for hosts such as marine macroalgae where the taxonomic composition of the microbiome is highly diverse and variable in space and time. Identifying core taxa is one way forward but there are many methods and thresholds in use. This study leverages a large dataset of microbial communities associated with the widespread brown macroalga, Fucus distichus, across sites and years on one island in British Columbia, Canada. We compare three different methodological approaches to identify core taxa at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level from this dataset: (1) frequency analysis of taxa on F. distichus performed over the whole dataset, (2) indicator species analysis (IndVal) over the whole dataset that identifies frequent taxa that are enriched on F. distichus in comparison to the local environment, and (3) a two-step IndVal method that identifies taxa that are consistently enriched on F. distichus across sites and time points. We then investigated a F. distichus time-series dataset to see if those core taxa are seasonally consistent on another remote island in British Columbia, Canada. We then evaluate host-specificity of the identified F. distichus core ASVs using comparative data from 32 other macroalgal species sampled at one of the sites. RESULTS We show that a handful of core ASVs are consistently identified by both frequency analysis and IndVal approaches with alternative definitions, although no ASVs were always present on F. distichus and IndVal identified a diverse array of F. distichus indicator taxa across sites on Calvert Island in multiple years. Frequency analysis captured a broader suit of taxa, while IndVal was better at identifying host-specific microbes. Finally, two-step IndVal identified hundreds of indicator ASVs for particular sites/timepoints but only 12 that were indicators in a majority (> 6 out of 11) of sites/timepoints. Ten of these ASVs were also indicators on Quadra Island, 250 km away. Many F. distichus-core ASVs are generally found on multiple macroalgal species, while a few ASVs are highly specific to F. distichus. CONCLUSIONS Different methodological approaches with variable set thresholds influence core identification, but a handful of core taxa are apparently identifiable as they are widespread and temporally associated with F. distichus and enriched in comparison to the environment. Moreover, we show that many of these core ASVs of F. distichus are found on multiple macroalgal hosts, indicating that most occupy a macroalgal generalist niche rather than forming highly specialized associations with F. distichus. Further studies should test whether macroalgal generalists or specialists are more likely to engage in biologically important exchanges with host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Park
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Katherine Davis
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Laura Wegener Parfrey
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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27
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Aalam SMM, Crasta DN, Roy P, Miller AL, Gamb SI, Johnson S, Till LM, Chen J, Kashyap P, Kannan N. Genesis of fecal floatation is causally linked to gut microbial colonization in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18109. [PMID: 36302811 PMCID: PMC9613883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of fecal floatation phenomenon remains poorly understood. Following our serendipitous discovery of differences in buoyancy of feces from germ-free and conventional mice, we characterized microbial and physical properties of feces from germ-free and gut-colonized (conventional and conventionalized) mice. The gut-colonization associated differences were assessed in feces using DNA, bacterial-PCR, scanning electron microscopy, FACS, thermogravimetry and pycnometry. Based on the differences in buoyancy of feces, we developed levô in fimo test (LIFT) to distinguish sinking feces (sinkers) of germ-free mice from floating feces (floaters) of gut-colonized mice. By simultaneous tracking of microbiota densities and gut colonization kinetics in fecal transplanted mice, we provide first direct evidence of causal relationship between gut microbial colonization and fecal floatation. Rare discordance in LIFT and microbiota density indicated that enrichment of gasogenic gut colonizers may be necessary for fecal floatation. Finally, fecal metagenomics analysis of 'floaters' from conventional and syngeneic fecal transplanted mice identified colonization of > 10 gasogenic bacterial species including highly prevalent B. ovatus, an anaerobic commensal bacteria linked with flatulence and intestinal bowel diseases. The findings reported here will improve our understanding of food microbial biotransformation and gut microbial regulators of fecal floatation in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Daphne Norma Crasta
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Pooja Roy
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - A. Lee Miller
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Scott I. Gamb
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMicroscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Lisa M. Till
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Jun Chen
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XCenter for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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28
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Proctor A, Parvinroo S, Richie T, Jia X, Lee STM, Karp PD, Paley S, Kostic AD, Pierre JF, Wannemuehler MJ, Phillips GJ. Resources to Facilitate Use of the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) Mouse Model to Study Microbiome Function. mSystems 2022; 7:e0029322. [PMID: 35968975 PMCID: PMC9600240 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00293-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals colonized with a defined microbiota represent useful experimental systems to investigate microbiome function. The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) represents a consortium of eight murine bacterial species that have been used for more than 4 decades where the study of mice with a reduced microbiota is desired. In contrast to germ-free mice, or mice colonized with only one or two species, ASF mice show the normal gut structure and immune system development. To further expand the utility of the ASF, we have developed technical and bioinformatic resources to enable a systems-based analysis of microbiome function using this model. Here, we highlighted four distinct applications of these resources that enable and improve (i) measurements of the abundance of each ASF member by quantitative PCR; (ii) exploration and comparative analysis of ASF genomes and the metabolic pathways they encode that comprise the entire gut microbiome; (iii) global transcriptional profiling to identify genes whose expression responds to environmental changes within the gut; and (iv) discovery of genetic changes resulting from the evolutionary adaptation of the microbiota. These resources were designed to be accessible to a broad community of researchers that, in combination with conventionally-reared mice (i.e., with complex microbiome), should contribute to our understanding of microbiome structure and function. IMPORTANCE Improved experimental systems are needed to advance our understanding of how the gut microbiome influences processes of the mammalian host as well as microbial community structure and function. An approach that is receiving considerable attention is the use of animal models that harbor a stable microbiota of known composition, i.e., defined microbiota, which enables control over an otherwise highly complex and variable feature of mammalian biology. The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) consortium is a well-established defined microbiota model, where mice are stably colonized with 8 distinct murine bacterial species. To take better advantage of the ASF, we established new experimental and bioinformatics resources for researchers to make better use of this model as an experimental system to study microbiome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proctor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Tanner Richie
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas, USA
| | - Xinglin Jia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sonny T. M. Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas, USA
| | - Peter D. Karp
- Bioinformatics Research Group, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Suzanne Paley
- Bioinformatics Research Group, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Aleksandar D. Kostic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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29
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Molina Ortiz JP, Read MN, McClure DD, Holmes A, Dehghani F, Shanahan ER. High throughput genome scale modeling predicts microbial vitamin requirements contribute to gut microbiome community structure. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2118831. [PMID: 36081364 PMCID: PMC9480837 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2118831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiome structure and emergent metabolic outputs impact health outcomes. However, what drives such community characteristics remains underexplored. Here, we rely on high throughput genomic reconstruction modeling, to infer the metabolic attributes and nutritional requirements of 816 gut strains, via a framework termed GEMNAST. This has been performed in terms of a group of human vitamins to examine the role vitamin exchanges have at different levels of community organization. We find that only 91 strains can satisfy their vitamin requirements (prototrophs) while the rest show various degrees of auxotrophy/specialization, highlighting their dependence on external sources, such as other members of the microbial community. Further, 79% of the strains in our sample were mapped to 11 distinct vitamin requirement profiles with low phylogenetic consistency. Yet, we find that human gut microbial community enterotype indicators display marked metabolic differences. Prevotella strains display a metabolic profile that can be complemented by strains from other genera often associated with the Prevotella enterotype and agrarian diets, while Bacteroides strains occupy a prototrophic profile. Finally, we identify pre-defined interaction modules (IMs) of gut species from human and mice predicted to be driven by, or highly independent of vitamin exchanges. Our analysis provides mechanistic grounding to gut microbiome stability and to co-abundance-based observations, a fundamental step toward understanding emergent processes that influence health outcomes. Further, our work opens a path to future explorations in the field through applications of GEMNAST to additional nutritional dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Molina Ortiz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,CONTACT Juan P. Molina Ortiz School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Norman Read
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dale David McClure
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erin Rose Shanahan
- Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Erin Rose Shanahan Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Microbiota of the Pregnant Mouse: Characterization of the Bacterial Communities in the Oral Cavity, Lung, Intestine, and Vagina through Culture and DNA Sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0128622. [PMID: 35916526 PMCID: PMC9430855 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01286-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice are frequently used as animal models for mechanistic studies of infection and obstetrical disease, yet characterization of the murine microbiota during pregnancy is lacking. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbiotas of distinct body sites of the pregnant mouse—vagina, oral cavity, intestine, and lung—that harbor microorganisms that could potentially invade the murine amniotic cavity, thus leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The microbiotas of these body sites were characterized through anoxic, hypoxic, and oxic culture as well as through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With the exception of the vagina, the cultured microbiotas of each body site varied by atmosphere, with the greatest diversity in the cultured microbiota appearing under anoxic conditions. Only cultures of the vagina were comprehensively representative of the microbiota observed through direct DNA sequencing of body site samples, primarily due to the predominance of two Rodentibacter strains. Identified as Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and Rodentibacter heylii, these isolates exhibited predominance patterns similar to those of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners in the human vagina. Whole-genome sequencing of these Rodentibacter strains revealed shared genomic features, including the ability to degrade glycogen, an abundant polysaccharide in the vagina. In summary, we report body site-specific microbiotas in the pregnant mouse with potential ecological parallels to those of humans. Importantly, our findings indicate that the vaginal microbiotas of pregnant mice can be readily cultured, suggesting that mock vaginal microbiotas can be tractably generated and maintained for experimental manipulation in future mechanistic studies of host vaginal-microbiome interactions. IMPORTANCE Mice are widely utilized as animal models of obstetrical complications; however, the characterization of the murine microbiota during pregnancy has been neglected. Microorganisms from the vagina, oral cavity, intestine, and lung have been found in the intra-amniotic space, where their presence threatens the progression of gestation. Here, we characterized the microbiotas of pregnant mice and established the appropriateness of culture in capturing the microbiota at each site. The high relative abundance of Rodentibacter observed in the vagina is similar to that of Lactobacillus in humans, suggesting potential ecological parallels. Importantly, we report that the vaginal microbiota of the pregnant mouse can be readily cultured under hypoxic conditions, demonstrating that mock microbial communities can be utilized to test the potential ecological parallels between microbiotas in human and murine pregnancy and to evaluate the relevance of the structure of these microbiotas for adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially intra-amniotic infection and preterm birth.
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Luo D, Liu W, Chen T, An L. A Distribution-Free Model for Longitudinal Metagenomic Count Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1183. [PMID: 35885966 PMCID: PMC9316307 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal metagenomics has been widely studied in the recent decade to provide valuable insight for understanding microbial dynamics. The correlation within each subject can be observed across repeated measurements. However, previous methods that assume independent correlation may suffer from incorrect inferences. In addition, methods that do account for intra-sample correlation may not be applicable for count data. We proposed a distribution-free approach, namely CorrZIDF, which extends the current method to model correlated zero-inflated metagenomic count data, offering a powerful and accurate solution for detecting significance features. This method can handle different working correlation structures without specifying each margin distribution of the count data. Through simulation studies, we have shown the robustness of CorrZIDF when selecting a working correlation structure for repeated measures studies to enhance the efficiency of estimation. We also compared four methods using two real datasets, and the new proposed method identified more unique features that were reported previously on the relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Statistics and Data Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Tian Chen
- Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Lingling An
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Program of Statistics and Data Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Low A, Soh M, Miyake S, Seedorf H. Host Age Prediction from Fecal Microbiota Composition in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0073522. [PMID: 35674443 PMCID: PMC9241839 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00735-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifelong relationship between microorganisms and hosts has a profound impact on the overall health and physiology of the holobiont. Microbiome composition throughout the life span of a host remains largely understudied. Here, the fecal microbiota of conventionally raised C57BL/6J male mice was characterized throughout almost the entire adult life span, from "maturing" (9 weeks) until "very old" (112 weeks) age. Our results suggest that microbiota changes occur throughout life but are more pronounced in maturing to middle-age mice than in mice later in life. Phylum-level analysis indicates a shift of the Bacteroidota-to-Firmicutes ratio in favor of Firmicutes in old and very old mice. More Firmicutes amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were transient with varying successional patterns than Bacteroidota ASVs, which varied primarily during maturation. Microbiota configurations from five defined life phases were used as training sets in a Bayesian model, which effectively enabled the prediction of host age. These results suggest that age-associated compositional differences may have considerable implications for the interpretation and comparability of animal model-based microbiome studies. The sensitivity of the age prediction to dietary perturbations was tested by applying this approach to two age-matched groups of C57BL/6J mice that were fed either a standard or western diet. The predicted age for the western diet-fed animals was on average 27 ± 11 (mean ± standard deviation) weeks older than that of standard diet-fed animals. This indicates that the fecal microbiota-based predicted age may be influenced not only by the host age and physiology but also potentially by other factors such as diet. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome of a host changes with age. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that microbiota of different age groups are distinct but do not demonstrate the temporal change that a longitudinal study is able to show. Here, we performed a longitudinal study of adult mice for over 2 years. We identified life stages where compositional changes were more dynamic and showed temporal changes for the more abundant species. Using a Bayesian model, we could reliably predict the life stages of the mice. Application of the same training set to mice fed different dietary regimens revealed that life-stage age predictions were possible for mice fed the same diet but less so for mice fed different diets. This study sheds light on the temporal changes that occur within the gut microbiota of laboratory mice over their life span and may inform researchers on the appropriate mouse age for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Low
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Soh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sou Miyake
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henning Seedorf
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang L, Jonscher KR, Zhang Z, Xiong Y, Mueller RS, Friedman JE, Pan C. Islet autoantibody seroconversion in type-1 diabetes is associated with metagenome-assembled genomes in infant gut microbiomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3551. [PMID: 35729161 PMCID: PMC9213500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of some genetically susceptible children can be triggered by certain environmental factors to produce islet autoantibodies (IA) against pancreatic β cells, which greatly increases their risk for Type-1 diabetes. An environmental factor under active investigation is the gut microbiome due to its important role in immune system education. Here, we study gut metagenomes that are de-novo-assembled in 887 at-risk children in the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) project. Our results reveal a small set of core protein families, present in >50% of the subjects, which account for 64% of the sequencing reads. Time-series binning generates 21,536 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 883 species, including 176 species that hitherto have no MAG representation in previous comprehensive human microbiome surveys. IA seroconversion is positively associated with 2373 MAGs and negatively with 1549 MAGs. Comparative genomics analysis identifies lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis in Bacteroides MAGs and sulfate reduction in Anaerostipes MAGs as functional signatures of MAGs with positive IA-association. The functional signatures in the MAGs with negative IA-association include carbohydrate degradation in lactic acid bacteria MAGs and nitrate reduction in Escherichia MAGs. Overall, our results show a distinct set of gut microorganisms associated with IA seroconversion and uncovered the functional genomics signatures of these IA-associated microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Karen R Jonscher
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zuyuan Zhang
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ryan S Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. .,School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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Resilience and the Gut Microbiome: Insights from Chronically Socially Stressed Wild-Type Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061077. [PMID: 35744594 PMCID: PMC9231072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an important player within physiological homeostasis of the body but also in pathophysiological derailments. Chronic social stress is a challenge to the organism, which results in psychological illnesses such as depression in some individuals and can be counterbalanced by others, namely resilient individuals. In this study, we wanted to elucidate the potential contribution of the microbiome to promote resilience. Male mice were subjected to the classical chronic social defeat paradigm. Defeated or undefeated mice were either controls (receiving normal drinking water) or pre-treated with antibiotics or probiotics. Following social defeat, resilient behavior was assessed by means of the social interaction test. Neither depletion nor probiotic-shifted alteration of the microbiome influenced stress-associated behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, clear changes in microbiota composition due to the defeat stress were observed such as elevated Bacteroides spp. This stress-induced increase in Bacteroides in male mice could be confirmed in a related social stress paradigm (instable social hierarchy) in females. This indicates that while manipulation of the microbiome via the antibiotics- and probiotics-treatment regime used here has no direct impact on modulating individual stress susceptibility in rodents, it clearly affects the microbiome in the second line and in a sex-independent manner regarding Bacteroides.
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35
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Lessons to Learn from the Gut Microbiota: A Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050865. [PMID: 35627250 PMCID: PMC9140531 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is able to modulate the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) through the immune, circulatory, and neuronal systems. In turn, the CNS influences the gut microbiota through stress responses and at the level of the endocrine system. This bidirectional communication forms the “gut microbiota–brain axis” and has been postulated to play a role in the etiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Numerous studies in animal models of ALS and in patients have highlighted the close communication between the immune system and the gut microbiota and, therefore, it is possible that alterations in the gut microbiota may have a direct impact on neuronal function and survival in ALS patients. Consequently, if the gut dysbiosis does indeed play a role in ALS-related neurodegeneration, nutritional immunomodulatory interventions based on probiotics, prebiotics, and/or postbiotics could emerge as innovative therapeutic strategies. This review aimed to shed light on the impact of the gut microbiota in ALS disease and on the use of potential nutritional interventions based on different types of biotics to ameliorate ALS symptoms.
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Ji Y, Dong X, Liu Z, Wang W, Yan H, Liu X. Effects of Bovine Pichia kudriavzevii T7, Candida glabrata B14, and Lactobacillus plantarum Y9 on Milk Production, Quality and Digestive Tract Microbiome in Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2022; 10:842. [PMID: 35630288 PMCID: PMC9146454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial administration has been used successfully to improve host health. However, the positive effects of endogenous microbials are still underexplored. This study investigated the effects of bovine Lactic acid bacteria and yeast on the milk production, quality and digestive tract microbiome of dairy cows. Lactobacillus plantarum Y9, Pichia kudriavzevii T7 and Candida glabrata B14 isolated from high-yielding dairy cows were selected to feed low-yielding Holstein cows. Pichia kudriavzevii T7 could significantly increase milk yield, meanwhile, Pichia kudriavzevii T7 and Candida glabrata B14 could obviously reduce the number of somatic cell counts (SCC). However, slight differences were found in milk fat, protein, lactose and SNF (solids not fat) percentage. High throughput sequencing showed that the dominant bacteria were Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae in rumen and feces, respectively, and the dominant fungi were Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma in both samples, before and after feeding the microbial addition. Nonetheless, microbial addition changed the abundance and structure of the microbiome in the digestive tract. Our data showed bovine yeast and LAB were beneficial for improving performance and regulating the microbial structure of dairy cows. This study was expected to enrich the knowledge of the digestive tract microbiome in dairy cows and provide a feasible strategy for the further utilization of bovine microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.J.); (X.D.); (Z.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.J.); (X.D.); (Z.L.); (W.W.)
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Inferring Species Compositions of Complex Fungal Communities from Long- and Short-Read Sequence Data. mBio 2022; 13:e0244421. [PMID: 35404122 PMCID: PMC9040722 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02444-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study is unique in that it provides an in-depth comparative study of a real-life complex fungal community analyzed with multiple long- and short-read sequencing approaches. These technologies and their application are currently of great interest to diverse biologists as they seek to characterize the community compositions of microbiomes.
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Bacterial Atlas of Mouse Gut Microbiota. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5968814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Mouse model is one of the most widely used animal models for exploring the roles of human gut microbiota, a complex system involving in human immunity and metabolism. However, the structure of mouse gut bacterial community has not been explored at a large scale. To address this concern, the diversity and composition of the gut bacteria of 600 mice were characterized in this study. Results. The results showed that the bacteria belonging to 8 genera were found in the gut microbiota of all mouse individuals, indicating that the 8 bacteria were the core bacteria of mouse gut microbiota. The dominant genera of the mouse gut bacteria contained 15 bacterial genera. It was found that the bacteria in the gut microbiota were mainly involved in host’s metabolisms via the collaborations between the gut bacteria. The further analysis demonstrated that the composition of mouse gut microbiota was similar to that of human gut microbiota. Conclusion. Our study presented a bacterial atlas of mouse gut microbiota, providing a solid basis for investing the bacterial communities of mouse gut microbiota.
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A commensal-encoded genotoxin drives restriction of Vibrio cholerae colonization and host gut microbiome remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121180119. [PMID: 35254905 PMCID: PMC8931321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIn a polymicrobial battlefield where different species compete for nutrients and colonization niches, antimicrobial compounds are the sword and shield of commensal microbes in competition with invading pathogens and each other. The identification of an Escherichia coli-produced genotoxin, colibactin, and its specific targeted killing of enteric pathogens and commensals, including Vibrio cholerae and Bacteroides fragilis, sheds light on our understanding of intermicrobial interactions in the mammalian gut. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms through which genotoxins shape microbial communities and provide a platform for probing the larger role of enteric multibacterial interactions regarding infection and disease outcomes.
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Farinella R, Rizzato C, Bottai D, Bedini A, Gemignani F, Landi S, Peduzzi G, Rosati S, Lupetti A, Cuttano A, Moscuzza F, Tuoni C, Filippi L, Ciantelli M, Tavanti A, Campa D. Maternal anthropometric variables and clinical factors shape neonatal microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2875. [PMID: 35190600 PMCID: PMC8861021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent studies indicate the existence of a complex microbiome in the meconium of newborns that plays a key role in regulating many host health-related conditions. However, a high variability between studies has been observed so far. In the present study, the meconium microbiome composition and the predicted microbial metabolic pathways were analysed in a consecutive cohort of 96 full-term newborns. The effect of maternal epidemiological variables on meconium diversity was analysed using regression analysis and PERMANOVA. Meconium microbiome composition mainly included Proteobacteria (30.95%), Bacteroidetes (23.17%) and Firmicutes (17.13%), while for predicted metabolic pathways, the most abundant genes belonged to the class “metabolism”. We observed a significant effect of maternal Rh factor on Shannon and Inverse Simpson indexes (p = 0.045 and p = 0.049 respectively) and a significant effect of delivery mode and maternal antibiotic exposure on Jaccard and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (p = 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), while gestational age was associated with observed richness and Shannon indexes (p = 0.018 and 0.037 respectively), and Jaccard and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (p = 0.014 and 0.013 respectively). The association involving maternal Rh phenotype suggests a role for host genetics in shaping meconium microbiome prior to the exposition to the most well-known environmental variables, which will influence microbiome maturation in the newborn.
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Impact of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on murine gut microbiota and intestinal IgA secretion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 35186653 PMCID: PMC8811108 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered as prebiotics and are well known for their health-promoting properties, including antitumor, allergy-preventive, and infection-protective effects. They exert these effects by modulating the gut microbial composition and dynamics. In the present study, we performed a comparative whole metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis (WMGS) to elucidate the gut microbiota and secretary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) dynamics as a result of 5% (w/w) FOS supplementation over a period of 7 days (fecal samples were collected every day). A number of taxa including Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Clostridia, Faecalibaculum, and Enterorhabdus were found to be modulated with SIgA production in the murine gut. The process of SIgA production from FOS metabolization was found to be carried out via the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Species of Bacteroides and Roseburia; namely, B. caccae, B. finegoldii, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotamicron, and Roseburia intestinalis, respectively, are predominantly responsible for FOS metabolization in the murine gut. The abundances of these bacterial species and their corresponding functions involved in FOS metabolization decreased over time even though these prebiotics were administered continuously for seven days. This suggests that there is a decrease in FOS metabolization over time. In addition, the present analysis suggests that the administration of FOS may help to reduce the pathogenic bacteria from the gut via SIgA production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3.
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Han G, Luong H, Vaishnava S. Low abundance members of the gut microbiome exhibit high immunogenicity. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2104086. [PMID: 35881003 PMCID: PMC9331198 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies identifying bacterial members that dictate host phenotype have focused mainly on the dominant members, and the role of low abundance microbes in determining host phenotypes and pathogenesis of diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we compared the gut bacterial community of mice with wide-ranging microbial exposure to determine if low abundance bacteria vary based on microbial exposure or remain consistent. We noted that similar to the high abundance bacterial community, a core community of low abundance bacteria made up a significant portion of the gut microbiome irrespective of microbial exposure. To determine the role of low abundance bacteria in regulating community composition and host gene expression, we devised a microbiome dilution strategy to "delete" out low abundance bacteria and engrafted the diluted microbiomes into germ-free mice. Our approach successfully excluded low abundance bacteria from small and large intestinal bacterial communities and induced global changes in microbial community composition in the large intestine. Gene expression analysis of intestinal tissue revealed that loss of low abundance bacteria resulted in a drastic reduction in expression of multiple genes involved MHCII antigen presentation pathway and T-cell cytokine production in the small intestine. The effect of low abundance bacteria on MHCII expression was found to be specific to the intestinal epithelium at an early timepoint post-colonization and correlated with bacteria belonging to the family Erysipelotrichaceae. We conclude that low abundance bacteria have a significantly higher immuno-stimulatory effect compared to dominant bacteria and are thus potent drivers of early immune education in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hien Luong
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Naudhani M, Thakur K, Ni ZJ, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Formononetin reshapes the gut microbiota, prevents progression of obesity and improves host metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:12303-12324. [PMID: 34821251 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin (FMNT) is an isoflavone that has been studied for its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic effects. However, the effect of FMNT on gut dysbiosis and metabolic complications associated with western-style diet consumption has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate how FMNT can reshape the gut microbiota at a specific dosage and ameliorate the symptoms of obesity-related metabolic disorders in both genders. Results indicate that FMNT at 60 mg per kg bodyweight dosage can effectively control body weight, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, leptin levels and improve HDL to LDL ratio. FMNT treatment suppressed Porphyromonadaceae (Uncultured Alistipes) and augmented maximum genera from families Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiacea, but at species level, formononetin increased Clostridium aldenense, Clostridiaceae unclassified, Eubacterium plexicaum; acetate and butyrate-producing bacteria. Moreover, formononetin regulated the expression of specific liver miRNA involved in obesity and down-regulated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-22 and TNF-α. Additionally, FMNT maintained intestinal membrane integrity by regulating the expression of Muc-2 and occludin. Our findings indicate that FMNT could be a potential prebiotic that can effectively regulate the gut microbiota, improve host metabolism and systemic inflammation, and prevent deleterious effects of a western-style diet by elevating acetate lactate and lactate butyrate producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh Naudhani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and management sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Kang J, Li C, Gao X, Liu Z, Chen C, Luo D. Metformin inhibits tumor growth and affects intestinal flora in diabetic tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174605. [PMID: 34757071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that diabetes increases the risk of some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the two diseases and their effects on intestinal flora. Therefore, we used streptozotocin and high-fat diet to establish a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, and then inoculated the Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to obtain mouse diabetic tumor model. Mice inoculated with Huh-7 cells alone served as control. The tumor size in the diabetic tumor group was significantly higher than that in the tumor group. Our study also showed that the expression levels of inflammation-related factors (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4 and MCP1) in the diabetic tumor group were significantly higher than that in the tumor group. We found that metformin alleviated blood glucose level, reduced the expressions of inflammation-related factors and retarded xenograft tumor growth in the diabetic tumor group, but it couldn't reduce the tumor growth in the tumor group. Subsequent studies found that the content of some short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid and isobutyric acid decreased significantly in diabetic tumor group. Metformin increased short chain fatty acid levels (acetic acid, butyic acid and valeric acid) and enriched the abundance of SCFA-producing bacterial genera such as Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, Anaerovorax, Odoribacter and Marvinbryantia. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes could promote the growth of hepatoma cells in mice. Metformin could inhibit the growth of tumor under the condition of diabetes and play a role in the intestinal homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Xuehui Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Yang J, Park J, Jung Y, Chun J. AMDB: a database of animal gut microbial communities with manually curated metadata. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D729-D735. [PMID: 34747470 PMCID: PMC8728277 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in gut microbiota can be explained by animal host characteristics, including host phylogeny and diet. However, there are currently no databases that allow for easy exploration of the relationship between gut microbiota and diverse animal hosts. The Animal Microbiome Database (AMDB) is the first database to provide taxonomic profiles of the gut microbiota in various animal species. AMDB contains 2530 amplicon data from 34 projects with manually curated metadata. The total data represent 467 animal species and contain 10 478 bacterial taxa. This novel database provides information regarding gut microbiota structures and the distribution of gut bacteria in animals, with an easy-to-use interface. Interactive visualizations are also available, enabling effective investigation of the relationship between the gut microbiota and animal hosts. AMDB will contribute to a better understanding of the gut microbiota of animals. AMDB is publicly available without login requirements at http://leb.snu.ac.kr/amdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Hallowell HA, Higgins KV, Roberts M, Johnson RM, Bayne J, Maxwell HS, Brandebourg T, Hiltbold Schwartz E. Longitudinal Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Obese Mangalica Pig Reveals Alterations in Bacteria and Bacteriophage Populations Associated With Changes in Body Composition and Diet. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698657. [PMID: 34737972 PMCID: PMC8560744 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its immunomodulatory potential, the intestinal microbiota has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of the meta-inflammatory state that drives obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of this link would facilitate the development of targeted treatments and therapies to treat the metabolic complications of obesity. To this end, we validated and utilized a novel swine model of obesity, the Mangalica pig, to characterize changes in the gut microbiota during the development of an obese phenotype, and in response to dietary differences. In the first study, we characterized the metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota in lean and obese adult Mangalica pigs. Obese or lean groups were created by allowing either ad libitum (obese) or restricted (lean) access to a standard diet for 54 weeks. Mature obese pigs were significantly heavier and exhibited 170% greater subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, with no differences in muscle mass compared to their lean counterparts. Obese pigs displayed impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia following oral glucose challenge, indicating that a metabolic phenotype also manifested with changes in body composition. Consistent with observations in human obesity, the gut microbiota of obese pigs displayed altered bacterial composition. In the second study, we characterized the longitudinal changes in the gut microbiota in response to diet and aging in growing Mangalica pigs that were either limit fed a standard diet, allowed ad libitum access to a standard diet, or allowed ad libitum access to a high fat-supplemented diet over an 18-week period. As expected, weight gain was highest in pigs fed the high fat diet compared to ad libitum and limit fed groups. Furthermore, the ad libitum and high fat groups displayed significantly greater adiposity consistent with the development of obesity relative to the limit fed pigs. The intestinal microbiota was generally resilient to differences in dietary intake (limit fed vs ad libitum), though changes in the microbiota of pigs fed the high fat diet mirrored changes observed in mature obese pigs during the first study. This is consistent with the link observed between the microbiota and adiposity. In contrast to intestinal bacterial populations, bacteriophage populations within the gut microbiota responded rapidly to differences in diet, with significant compositional changes in bacteriophage genera observed between the dietary treatment groups as pigs aged. These studies are the first to describe the development of the intestinal microbiota in the Mangalica pig, and are the first to provide evidence that changes in body composition and dietary conditions are associated with changes in the microbiome of this novel porcine model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Hallowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Keah V Higgins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Morgan Roberts
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jenna Bayne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Herris Stevens Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Terry Brandebourg
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hiltbold Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
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Vasina DV, Antonova NP, Grigoriev IV, Yakimakha VS, Lendel AM, Nikiforova MA, Pochtovyi AA, Remizov TA, Usachev EV, Shevlyagina NV, Zhukhovitsky VG, Fursov MV, Potapov VD, Vorobev AM, Aleshkin AV, Laishevtsev AI, Makarov VV, Yudin SM, Tkachuk AP, Gushchin VA. Discovering the Potentials of Four Phage Endolysins to Combat Gram-Negative Infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:748718. [PMID: 34721353 PMCID: PMC8548769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.748718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolysin-based therapeutics are promising antibacterial agents and can successfully supplement the existing antibacterial drugs array. It is specifically important in the case of Gram-negative pathogens, e.g., ESKAPE group bacteria, which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, and are highly inclined to gain multiple antibiotic resistance. Despite numerous works devoted to the screening of new lytic enzymes and investigations of their biochemical properties, there are significant breaches in some aspects of their operating characteristics, including safety issues of endolysin use. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the antimicrobial efficacy aspects of four Gram-negative bacteria-targeting endolysins LysAm24, LysAp22, LysECD7, and LysSi3, their in vitro and in vivo activity, and their biological safety. These endolysins possess a wide spectrum of action, are active against planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms, and are effective in wound and burn skin infection animal models. In terms of safety, these enzymes do not contribute to the development of short-term resistance, are not cytotoxic, and do not significantly affect the normal intestinal microflora in vivo. Our results provide a confident base for the development of effective and safe candidate dosage forms for the treatment of local and systemic infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Vasina
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliia P Antonova
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya M Lendel
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Nikiforova
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A Pochtovyi
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey A Remizov
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Usachev
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Shevlyagina
- Laboratory of Indication and Ultrastructural Analysis of Microorganisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Zhukhovitsky
- Laboratory of Indication and Ultrastructural Analysis of Microorganisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education (RMANPO), Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Fursov
- Aerobiological Laboratory, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy D Potapov
- Aerobiological Laboratory, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Vorobev
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages, G. N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Aleshkin
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages, G. N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei I Laishevtsev
- Laboratory for Diagnostics and Control of Antibiotic Resistance of the Most Clinically Significant Pathogens of Animals, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV" (FSC VIEV), Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine V Makarov
- Center for Strategic Planning of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M Yudin
- Center for Strategic Planning of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem P Tkachuk
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Population Variability Mechanisms, N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Zhong Y, Cao J, Deng Z, Ma Y, Liu J, Wang H. Effect of Fiber and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Donor on Recipient Mice Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757372. [PMID: 34721365 PMCID: PMC8548821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and dietary fiber intervention were verified as effective ways to manipulate the gut microbiota, whereas little is known about the influence of the combined methods on gut microbiota. Here, we constructed "non-industrialized" and "industrialized" gut microbiota models to investigate the donor effect of FMT and diet effect in shaping the gut microbiota. Mice were transplanted fecal microbiota from domestic pig and received a diet with low-fiber (D) or high-fiber (DF), whereas the other two groups were transplanted fecal microbiota from wild pig and then received a diet with low-fiber (W) or high-fiber (WF), respectively. Gut microbiota of WF mice showed a lower Shannon and Simpson index (P < 0.05), whereas gut microbiota of W mice showed no significant difference than that of D and DF mice. Random forest models revealed the major differential bacteria genera between four groups, including Anaeroplasma or unclassified_o_Desulfovibrionales, which were influenced by FMT or diet intervention, respectively. Besides, we found a lower out-of-bag rate in the random forest model constructed for dietary fiber (0.086) than that for FMT (0.114). Linear discriminant analysis effective size demonstrated that FMT combined with dietary fiber altered specific gut microbiota, including Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, Clostridium XI, and Akkermansia, in D, DF, W, and WF mice, respectively. Our results revealed that FMT from different donors coupled with dietary fiber intervention could lead to different patterns of gut microbiota composition, and dietary fiber might play a more critical role in shaping gut microbiota than FMT donor. Strategies based on dietary fiber can influence the effectiveness of FMT in the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haifeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Cornuault JK, Byatt G, Paquet ME, De Koninck P, Moineau S. Zebrafish: a big fish in the study of the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:308-313. [PMID: 34653834 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the gut microbiota in host health is now well established, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Among the animal models used to investigate microbiota-host interactions, the zebrafish (Danio renio) is gaining attention. Several factors contribute to the recent interest in this model, including its low cost, the ability to assess large cohorts, the possibility to obtain germ-free larvae from non-axenic parents, and the availability of optical methodologies to probe the transparent larvae and adults from various genetic lines. We review recent findings on the zebrafish gut microbiota and its modulation by exogenous microbes, nutrition, and environmental factors. We also highlight the potential of this model for assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Cornuault
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gabriel Byatt
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Paquet
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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50
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Jergens AE, Parvinroo S, Kopper J, Wannemuehler MJ. Rules of Engagement: Epithelial-Microbe Interactions and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:669913. [PMID: 34513862 PMCID: PMC8432614 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.669913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex, multifactorial disorders that lead to chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation. The exact etiology remains unknown, however multiple factors including the environment, genetic, dietary, mucosal immunity, and altered microbiome structure and function play important roles in disease onset and progression. Supporting this notion that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis, studies in gnotobiotic mice have shown that mouse models of intestinal inflammation require a microbial community to develop colitis. Additionally, antimicrobial therapy in some IBD patients will temporarily induce remission further demonstrating an association between gut microbes and intestinal inflammation. Finally, a dysfunctional intestinal epithelial barrier is also recognized as a key pathogenic factor in IBD. The intestinal epithelium serves as a barrier between the luminal environment and the mucosal immune system and guards against harmful molecules and microorganisms while being permeable to essential nutrients and solutes. Beneficial (i.e., mutualists) bacteria promote mucosal health by strengthening barrier integrity, increasing local defenses (mucin and IgA production) and inhibiting pro-inflammatory immune responses and apoptosis to promote mucosal homeostasis. In contrast, pathogenic bacteria and pathobionts suppress expression and localization of tight junction proteins, cause dysregulation of apoptosis/proliferation and increase pro-inflammatory signaling that directly damages the intestinal mucosa. This review article will focus on the role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the luminal environment acting as mediators of barrier function in IBD. We will also share some of our translational observations of interactions between IECs, immune cells, and environmental factors contributing to maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, as it relates to GI inflammation and IBD in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jamie Kopper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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