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Zhang X, Wang H, Kilpatrick LA, Dong TS, Gee GC, Labus JS, Osadchiy V, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang MC, Vaughan A, Gupta A. Discrimination exposure impacts unhealthy processing of food cues: crosstalk between the brain and gut. NATURE MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 1:841-852. [PMID: 38094040 PMCID: PMC10718506 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of discrimination are associated with adverse health outcomes, including obesity. However, the mechanisms by which discrimination leads to obesity remain unclear. Utilizing multi-omics analyses of neuroimaging and fecal metabolites, we investigated the impact of discrimination exposure on brain reactivity to food images and associated dysregulations in the brain-gut-microbiome system. We show that discrimination is associated with increased food-cue reactivity in frontal-striatal regions involved in reward, motivation and executive control; altered glutamate-pathway metabolites involved in oxidative stress and inflammation as well as preference for unhealthy foods. Associations between discrimination-related brain and gut signatures were skewed towards unhealthy sweet foods after adjusting for age, diet, body mass index, race and socioeconomic status. Discrimination, as a stressor, may contribute to enhanced food-cue reactivity and brain-gut-microbiome disruptions that can promote unhealthy eating behaviors, leading to increased risk for obesity. Treatments that normalize these alterations may benefit individuals who experience discrimination-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Zhang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lisa A. Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S. Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman–Luskin Microbiome Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert C. Gee
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman–Luskin Microbiome Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiram Beltran-Sanchez
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May C. Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Vaughan
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman–Luskin Microbiome Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Quinn ME, Shields GS. The Insidious Influence of Stress: An Integrated Model of Stress, Executive Control, and Psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:773-800. [PMID: 37701497 PMCID: PMC10497220 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to acute stress undoubtedly contributes to psychopathology, most individuals do not develop psychopathology following stress exposure. To explain this, biological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress have been implicated, but individual differences in executive control (i.e., top-down control of cognition and behavior) measured in response to stress has only recently emerged as a potential factor contributing to psychopathology. In this review, we introduce a model-the integrated model of stress, executive control, and psychopathology-positing how the impairing effects of acute stress on executive control can contribute to psychopathology. We link to research on biological, emotional, and cognitive processes, all of which can be impacted by executive control, to propose a framework for how poorer executive control under conditions of acute stress can contribute to psychopathology. This integrated model is intended to further our understanding of who is more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress.
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3
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Barbosa DAN, Gattas S, Salgado JS, Kuijper FM, Wang AR, Huang Y, Kakusa B, Leuze C, Luczak A, Rapp P, Malenka RC, Hermes D, Miller KJ, Heifets BD, Bohon C, McNab JA, Halpern CH. An orexigenic subnetwork within the human hippocampus. Nature 2023; 621:381-388. [PMID: 37648849 PMCID: PMC10499606 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Only recently have more specific circuit-probing techniques become available to inform previous reports implicating the rodent hippocampus in orexigenic appetitive processing1-4. This function has been reported to be mediated at least in part by lateral hypothalamic inputs, including those involving orexigenic lateral hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as melanin-concentrating hormone5,6. This circuit, however, remains elusive in humans. Here we combine tractography, intracranial electrophysiology, cortico-subcortical evoked potentials, and brain-clearing 3D histology to identify an orexigenic circuit involving the lateral hypothalamus and converging in a hippocampal subregion. We found that low-frequency power is modulated by sweet-fat food cues, and this modulation was specific to the dorsolateral hippocampus. Structural and functional analyses of this circuit in a human cohort exhibiting dysregulated eating behaviour revealed connectivity that was inversely related to body mass index. Collectively, this multimodal approach describes an orexigenic subnetwork within the human hippocampus implicated in obesity and related eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A N Barbosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Gattas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juliana S Salgado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fiene Marie Kuijper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Allan R Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuhao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bina Kakusa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Leuze
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Artur Luczak
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Rapp
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dora Hermes
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Boris D Heifets
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Giddens E, Noy B, Steward T, Verdejo-García A. The influence of stress on the neural underpinnings of disinhibited eating: a systematic review and future directions for research. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:713-734. [PMID: 37310550 PMCID: PMC10404573 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibited eating involves overconsumption and loss of control over food intake, and underpins many health conditions, including obesity and binge-eating related disorders. Stress has been implicated in the development and maintenance of disinhibited eating behaviours, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. In this systematic review, we examined how the impact of stress on the neurobiological substrates of food-related reward sensitivity, interoception and cognitive control explains its role in disinhibited eating behaviours. We synthesised the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies including acute and/or chronic stress exposures in participants with disinhibited eating. A systematic search of existing literature conducted in alignment with the PRISMA guidelines identified seven studies investigating neural impacts of stress in people with disinhibited eating. Five studies used food-cue reactivity tasks, one study used a social evaluation task, and one used an instrumental learning task to probe reward, interoception and control circuitry. Acute stress was associated with deactivation of regions in the prefrontal cortex implicated in cognitive control and the hippocampus. However, there were mixed findings regarding differences in reward-related circuitry. In the study using a social task, acute stress associated with deactivation of prefrontal cognitive control regions in response to negative social evaluation. In contrast, chronic stress was associated with both deactivation of reward and prefrontal regions when viewing palatable food-cues. Given the small number of identified publications and notable heterogeneity in study designs, we propose several recommendations to strengthen future research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Giddens
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Brittany Noy
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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5
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Via E, Contreras-Rodríguez O. Binge-Eating Precursors in Children and Adolescents: Neurodevelopment, and the Potential Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:2994. [PMID: 37447320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent disorder. Subthreshold BED conditions (sBED) are even more frequent in youth, but their significance regarding BED etiology and long-term prognosis is unclear. A better understanding of brain findings associated with BED and sBED, in the context of critical periods for neurodevelopment, is relevant to answer such questions. The present narrative review starts from the knowledge of the development of emotional self-regulation in youth, and the brain circuits supporting emotion-regulation and eating behaviour. Next, neuroimaging studies with sBED and BED samples will be reviewed, and their brain-circuitry overlap will be examined. Deficits in inhibition control systems are observed to precede, and hyperactivity of reward regions to characterize, sBED, with overlapping findings in BED. The imbalance between reward/inhibition systems, and the implication of interoception/homeostatic processing brain systems should be further examined. Recent knowledge of the potential impact that the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in paediatric samples may have on these sBED/BED-associated brain systems is then discussed. There is a need to identify, early on, those sBED individuals at risk of developing BED at neurodevelopmental stages when there is a great possibility of prevention. However, more neuroimaging studies with sBED/BED pediatric samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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6
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Xu X, Pu J, Shaw A, Jackson T. Neural responsiveness to Chinese versus Western food images: An functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Chinese young adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948039. [PMID: 36034899 PMCID: PMC9411937 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-cultural studies suggest that people typically prefer to eat familiar foods from their own culture rather than foreign foods from other cultures. On this basis, it is plausible that neural responsiveness elicited by palatable food images from one’s own culture differ from those elicited by food depictions from other cultures. Toward clarifying this issue, we examined neural activation and self-report responses to indigenous (Chinese) versus Western food images among young Chinese adults. Participants (33 women, 33 men) viewed Chinese food, Western food and furniture control images during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and then rated the images on “liking,” “wanting,” and “difficult resisting.” Analyses indicated there were no significant differences in self-report ratings of Chinese versus Western food images. However, Chinese food images elicited stronger activation in regions linked to cravings, taste perception, attention, reward, and visual processing (i.e., cerebellum crus, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, posterior insula, middle occipital gyrus; inferior occipital gyrus). Conversely, Western food images elicited stronger activation in areas involved in visual object recognition and visual processing (inferior temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, calcarine). These findings underscored culture as a potentially important influence on neural responses to visual food cues and raised concerns about the ecological validity of using “standard” Western food images in neuroimaging studies of non-Western samples. Results also provide foundations for designing culturally informed research and intervention approaches in non-Westerns contexts guided by the use of external food cues that are most salient to the cultural group under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Pu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amy Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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7
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Volume and Connectivity Differences in Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Constructs of Binge Eating. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0080-21.2021. [PMID: 35064023 PMCID: PMC8856709 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0080-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are characterized by episodes of eating large amounts of food while experiencing a loss of control. Recent studies suggest that the underlying causes of BN/BED consist of a complex system of environmental cues, atypical processing of food stimuli, altered behavioral responding, and structural/functional brain differences compared with healthy controls (HC). In this narrative review, we provide an integrative account of the brain networks associated with the three cognitive constructs most integral to BN and BED, namely increased reward sensitivity, decreased cognitive control, and altered negative affect and stress responding. We show altered activity in BED/BN within several brain networks, specifically in the striatum, insula, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and cingulate gyrus. Numerous key nodes in these networks also differ in volume and connectivity compared with HC. We provide suggestions for how this integration may guide future research into these brain networks and cognitive constructs.
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8
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A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100941. [PMID: 34454955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is often associated with marked psychological and emotional distress, and severe adverse impact on quality of life. Several factors can influence eating behavior and drive food consumption in excess of energy requirements for homeostasis. It is well established that stress and negative affect contribute to the aetiology of eating disorders and weight gain, and there is substantial evidence suggesting sex differences in sub-clinical and clinical types of overeating. This review will examine how negative affect and stress shape eating behaviors, and how the relationship between the physiological, endocrine, and neural responses to stress and eating behaviors differs between men and women. We will examine several drivers of overeating and explore possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in eating behavior.
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9
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Abstract
Restrained eating is a popular weight loss strategy for young women that tends to have limited effectiveness over extended periods of time. Although previous studies have explored and identified possible personality and behavior differences between successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters (REs), there has been a paucity of research on neurophysiological differences.Towards addressing this gap, we assessed brain resting state (Rs) differences in groups of unsuccessful REs (N = 39) and successful REs (N = 31). In line with hypotheses, unsuccessful REs displayed reduced regional homogeneity in brain regions involved in cognitive control (inferior parietal lobe) compared to successful REs. Regions involved in conflict monitoring (anterior cingulate cortex) were also observed to be comparatively less active in the unsuccessful RE group. Finally, based on analyses of independent components and seed-based functional connectivity, regions involved in conflict monitoring and cognitive control, especially those localized within the frontoparietal network, showed weaker connectivities among unsuccessful REs compared to their successful counterparts.These results underscore specific brain Rs differences between successful REs and unsuccessful REs in regions implicated in cognitive control and conflict monitoring.
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10
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Boswell RG, Potenza MN, Grilo CM. The Neurobiology of Binge-eating Disorder Compared with Obesity: Implications for Differential Therapeutics. Clin Ther 2021; 43:50-69. [PMID: 33257092 PMCID: PMC7902428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging work indicates divergence in the neurobiologies of binge-eating disorder (BED) and obesity despite their frequent co-occurrence. This review highlights specific distinguishing aspects of BED, including elevated impulsivity and compulsivity possibly involving the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, and discusses implications for differential therapeutics for BED. METHODS This narrative review describes epidemiologic, clinical, genetic, and preclinical differences between BED and obesity. Subsequently, this review discusses human neuroimaging work reporting differences in executive functioning, reward processing, and emotion reactivity in BED compared with obesity. Finally, on the basis of the neurobiology of BED, this review identifies existing and new therapeutic agents that may be most promising given their specific targets based on putative mechanisms of action relevant specifically to BED. FINDINGS BED is characterized by elevated impulsivity and compulsivity compared with obesity, which is reflected in divergent neurobiological characteristics and effective pharmacotherapies. Therapeutic agents that influence both reward and executive function systems may be especially effective for BED. IMPLICATIONS Greater attention to impulsivity/compulsivity-related, reward-related, and emotion reactivity-related processes may enhance conceptualization and treatment approaches for patients with BED. Consideration of these distinguishing characteristics and processes could have implications for more targeted pharmacologic treatment research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Boswell
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University, Department of Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Cai L, Lam KH, Leong HH, Jackson T. Initial development and validation of the Online Appearance-Relevant Peer Conversations Scale. Body Image 2020; 33:115-128. [PMID: 32193168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we present three studies on the development and validation of the Online Appearance-Relevant Peer Conversations Scale (OARPCS), a 12-item measure of (1) physical appearance and (2) life stressors as foci of online peer communications. In Study 1, young Chinese adults (N = 800) completed OARPCS items and measures of body image, Internet use, and general distress. Exploratory factor analyses supported the hypothesized two factor structure and within gender correlation analyses provided construct validity support. Study 2 replicated the EFA-derived OARPCS factor structure and validity further within confirmatory factor analyses of young adults from Chongqing (N = 750) and Macau (N = 994). Study 3 assessed the predictive validity of OARPCS dimensions in relation to prospective changes in cosmetic surgery consideration, eating disturbances and perceived stress over one year (N = 796). Independent of baseline responses on outcomes, baseline physical appearance and life stressor subscale scores, respectively, explained modest, significant variance in women's body image concerns and men's reported stress. Together, results underscored appearance-relevant content in online peer interactions as influences on body image and emotional status and provided psychometric support for a brief self-report measure of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cognition & Personality Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ka Hou Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau
| | - Hou Hin Leong
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau; Key Laboratory of Cognition & Personality Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Effects of negative mood state on event-related potentials of restrained eating subgroups during an inhibitory control task. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Fowler N, Vo PT, Sisk CL, Klump KL. Stress as a potential moderator of ovarian hormone influences on binge eating in women. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30854192 PMCID: PMC6396839 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16895.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated significant associations between increased levels of ovarian hormones and increased rates of binge eating (BE) in women. However, whereas all women experience fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle, not all women binge eat in response to these fluctuations, suggesting that other factors must contribute. Stress is one potential contributing factor. Specifically, it may be that hormone-BE associations are stronger in women who experience high levels of stress, particularly as stress has been shown to be a precipitant to BE episodes in women. To date, no studies have directly examined stress as a moderator of hormone-BE associations, but indirect data (that is, associations between BE and stress and between ovarian hormones and stress) could provide initial clues about moderating effects. Given the above, the purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate these indirect data and their promise for understanding the role of stress in hormone-BE associations. Studies examining associations between all three phenotypes (that is, ovarian hormones, stress, and BE) in animals and humans were reviewed to provide the most thorough and up-to-date review of the literature on the potential moderating effects of stress on ovarian hormone-BE associations. Overall, current evidence suggests that associations between hormones and BE may be stronger in women with high stress levels, possibly via altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and increased sensitivity to and altered effects of ovarian hormones during stress. Additional studies are necessary to directly examine stress as a moderator of ovarian hormone-BE associations and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fowler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Phuong T Vo
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
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14
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Lyu Z, Zheng P, Lu S, Qin M. Impaired Conflict Monitoring to Food Cues in Women Who Binge Eat. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2585. [PMID: 30618999 PMCID: PMC6304389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated the associations between cognitive biases toward food cues and binge eating (BE) behavior. To determine the characteristics of conflict monitoring to food cues in women who binge eat and non-eating disordered controls, a flanker task featured high-caloric food and low-caloric food images was used to examine conflict monitoring with measures of accuracy and reaction time. Women who binge eat displayed longer reaction times (RTs) to incongruent trials (i.e., flanked by pictures from the different category) than to congruent trials (i.e., flanked by pictures from the same category), while controls showed no such difference. This finding demonstrated women who binge eat displayed a general flanker effect toward food-related stimuli compared to controls. Faster reaction times in response to high-caloric food images disturbed by low-caloric food images predicted lower self-reported motor impulsiveness in the women who binge eat, but not in controls. These data suggest a relative conflict monitoring deficit in women with BE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Lyu
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Panpan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songkai Lu
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mingzhi Qin
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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15
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Leehr EJ, Schag K, Dresler T, Grosse-Wentrup M, Hautzinger M, Fallgatter AJ, Zipfel S, Giel KE, Ehlis AC. Food specific inhibitory control under negative mood in binge-eating disorder: Evidence from a multimethod approach. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:112-123. [PMID: 29341203 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibitory control has been discussed as a developmental and maintenance factor in binge-eating disorder (BED). The current study is the first aimed at investigating inhibitory control in a negative mood condition on a psychophysiological and behavioral level in BED with a combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking (ET). METHOD We conducted a combined EEG and ET study with overweight individuals with BED (BED+, n = 24, mean age = 31, mean BMI = 35 kg/m2 ) and without BED (BED-, n = 23, mean age = 28, mean BMI = 35 kg/m2 ) and a normal-weight (NWC, n = 26, mean age 28, mean BMI = 22 kg/m2 ) control group. We assessed self-report data regarding impulsivity and emotion regulation as well as the processing of food stimuli under negative mood in an antisaccade task. Main outcome variables comprise event-related potentials (ERP) regarding conflict processing (N2) and performance monitoring (error-related negativity [ERN/Ne]) assessed by EEG and inhibitory control (errors in the first and second saccade) assessed by ET. RESULTS BED+ patients reported increased impulsivity and higher emotion regulation difficulties compared with the other groups. The eye tracking data revealed impaired inhibitory control in BED+ compared with both control groups. Further, we found preliminary evidence from EEG recordings that conflict processing might be less thorough in the BED+ sample as well as in the NWC sample. In the BED+ sample this might be connected to the inhibitory control deficits on behavioral level. While the BED- sample showed increased conflict processing latencies (N2 latencies), which might indicate a compensation mechanism, the BED+ sample did not show such a mechanism. Performance monitoring (ERN/Ne latencies and amplitudes) was not impaired in the BED+ sample compared with both control samples. DISCUSSION Participants with BED reported higher impulsivity and lower emotion regulation capacities. The combined investigation of electrocortical processes and behavior contributes to an advanced understanding of behavioral and electrocortical processes underlying inhibitory control in BED. Inhibitory control and negative mood, probably amplified by emotion regulation deficits, should be addressed further in the investigation and treatment of BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Leehr
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine VI, Osianderstraße 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building A9, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine VI, Osianderstraße 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Gartenstraße 29, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Moritz Grosse-Wentrup
- Department Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Spemannstr. 38, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwigstr. 33, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Schleichstraße 4, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Gartenstraße 29, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine VI, Osianderstraße 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine VI, Osianderstraße 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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Steward T, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S, Soriano-Mas C, Fernández-Aranda F. Neural Network Alterations Across Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of fMRI Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1150-1163. [PMID: 29046154 PMCID: PMC6187750 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171017111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided insight on how neural abnormalities are related to the symptomatology of the eating disorders (EDs): anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). More specifically, an increasingly growing number of brain imaging studies has shed light on how functionally connected brain networks contribute not only to disturbed eating behavior, but also to transdiagnostic alterations in body/interoceptive perception, reward processing and executive functioning. METHODS This narrative review aims to summarize recent advances in fMRI studies of patients with EDs by highlighting studies investigating network alterations that are shared across EDs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Findings on reward processing in both AN and BN patients point to the presence of altered sensitivity to salient food stimuli in striatal regions and to the possibility of hypothalamic inputs being overridden by top-down emotional-cognitive control regions. Additionally, innovative new lines of research suggest that increased activations in fronto-striatal circuits are strongly associated with the maintenance of restrictive eating habits in AN patients. Although significantly fewer studies have been carried out in patients with BN and BED, aberrant neural responses to both food cues and anticipated food receipt appear to occur in these populations. These altered responses, coupled with diminished recruitment of prefrontal cognitive control circuitry, are believed to contribute to the binge eating of palatable foods. Results from functional network connectivity studies are diverse, but findings tend to converge on indicating disrupted resting-state connectivity in executive networks, the default-mode network and the salience network across EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBEROBN and CIBERSAM, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain; Tel: +34 93 260 79 88; Fax: +34 93 260 76 58; E-mails: &
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBEROBN and CIBERSAM, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain; Tel: +34 93 260 79 88; Fax: +34 93 260 76 58; E-mails: &
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Approach and inhibition responses to external food cues among average-weight women who binge eat and weight-matched controls. Appetite 2017; 108:367-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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