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Ding H, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Du X, Ji Y, Lin L, Chang Z, Zhang B, Liang M, Yu C, Qin W. Individualized Texture Similarity Network in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:176-187. [PMID: 38218309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural covariance network disruption has been considered an important pathophysiological indicator for schizophrenia. Here, we introduced a novel individualized structural covariance network measure, referred to as a texture similarity network (TSN), and hypothesized that the TSN could reliably reveal unique intersubject heterogeneity and complex dysconnectivity patterns in schizophrenia. METHODS The TSN was constructed by measuring the covariance of 180 three-dimensional voxelwise gray-level co-occurrence matrix feature maps between brain areas in each participant. We first tested the validity and reproducibility of the TSN in characterizing the intersubject variability in 2 longitudinal test-retest healthy cohorts. The TSN was further applied to elucidate intersubject variability and dysconnectivity patterns in 10 schizophrenia case-control datasets (609 schizophrenia cases vs. 579 controls) as well as in a first-episode depression dataset (69 patients with depression vs. 69 control participants). RESULTS The test-retest analysis demonstrated higher TSN intersubject than intrasubject variability. Moreover, the TSN reliably revealed higher intersubject variability in both chronic and first-episode schizophrenia, but not in depression. The TSN also reproducibly detected coexistent increased and decreased TSN strength in widespread brain areas, increased global small-worldness, and the coexistence of both structural hyposynchronization in the central networks and hypersynchronization in peripheral networks in patients with schizophrenia but not in patients with depression. Finally, aberrant intersubject variability and covariance strength patterns revealed by the TSN showed a missing or weak correlation with other individualized structural covariance network measures, functional connectivity, and regional volume changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the reliability of a TSN in revealing unique structural heterogeneity and complex dysconnectivity in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyuan Lin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyu Chang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Hoops D, Kyne R, Salameh S, MacGowan D, Avramescu RG, Ewing E, He AT, Orsini T, Durand A, Popescu C, Zhao JM, Shatz K, Li L, Carroll Q, Liu G, Paul MJ, Flores C. The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C. eLife 2024; 12:RP88261. [PMID: 39056276 PMCID: PMC11281785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine axons are the only axons known to grow during adolescence. Here, using rodent models, we examined how two proteins, Netrin-1 and its receptor, UNC5C, guide dopamine axons toward the prefrontal cortex and shape behaviour. We demonstrate in mice (Mus musculus) that dopamine axons reach the cortex through a transient gradient of Netrin-1-expressing cells - disrupting this gradient reroutes axons away from their target. Using a seasonal model (Siberian hamsters; Phodopus sungorus) we find that mesocortical dopamine development can be regulated by a natural environmental cue (daylength) in a sexually dimorphic manner - delayed in males, but advanced in females. The timings of dopamine axon growth and UNC5C expression are always phase-locked. Adolescence is an ill-defined, transitional period; we pinpoint neurodevelopmental markers underlying this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoops
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
| | - Robert Kyne
- Neuroscience Program, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
| | - Samer Salameh
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Del MacGowan
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Radu Gabriel Avramescu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
| | - Elise Ewing
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Alina Tao He
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Taylor Orsini
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Anais Durand
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Christina Popescu
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Janet Mengyi Zhao
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Kelcie Shatz
- Department of Psychology, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
| | - LiPing Li
- Department of Psychology, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
| | - Quinn Carroll
- Department of Psychology, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
| | - Guofa Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ToledoToledoUnited States
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Neuroscience Program, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University at BuffaloSUNYUnited States
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
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3
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Hoops D, Kyne RF, Salameh S, MacGowan D, Avramescu RG, Ewing E, He AT, Orsini T, Durand A, Popescu C, Zhao JM, Schatz KC, Li L, Carroll QE, Liu G, Paul MJ, Flores C. The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.521267. [PMID: 36711625 PMCID: PMC9882376 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.521267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine axons are the only axons known to grow during adolescence. Here, using rodent models, we examined how two proteins, Netrin-1 and its receptor, UNC5C, guide dopamine axons towards the prefrontal cortex and shape behaviour. We demonstrate in mice ( Mus musculus ) that dopamine axons reach the cortex through a transient gradient of Netrin-1 expressing cells - disrupting this gradient reroutes axons away from their target. Using a seasonal model (Siberian hamsters; Phodopus sungorus ) we find that mesocortical dopamine development can be regulated by a natural environmental cue (daylength) in a sexually dimorphic manner - delayed in males, but advanced in females. The timings of dopamine axon growth and UNC5C expression are always phase-locked. Adolescence is an ill-defined, transitional period; we pinpoint neurodevelopmental markers underlying this period.
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4
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Khelfaoui H, Ibaceta-Gonzalez C, Angulo MC. Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:181. [PMID: 38615095 PMCID: PMC11016012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of neurons. The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the transmission of neuronal information by promoting the rapid saltatory conduction of action potentials and providing neurons with structural and metabolic support. Saltatory conduction, first described in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is now generally recognized as a universal evolutionary innovation to respond quickly to the environment: myelin helps us think and act fast. Nevertheless, the role of myelin in the central nervous system, especially in the brain, may not be primarily focused on accelerating conduction speed but rather on ensuring precision. Its principal function could be to coordinate various neuronal networks, promoting their synchronization through oscillations (or rhythms) relevant for specific information processing tasks. Interestingly, myelin has been directly involved in different types of cognitive processes relying on brain oscillations, and myelin plasticity is currently considered to be part of the fundamental mechanisms for memory formation and maintenance. However, despite ample evidence showing the involvement of myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cognitive impairments, the link between myelin, brain oscillations, cognition and disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we aim to highlight what is known and what remains to be explored to understand the role of myelin in high order brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasni Khelfaoui
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU-PARIS Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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Zhu J, Hammond BM, Zhou XM, Constantinidis C. Laminar pattern of adolescent development changes in working memory neuronal activity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:980-989. [PMID: 37703490 PMCID: PMC10649837 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent development is characterized by an improvement in cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Neurophysiological recordings in a nonhuman primate model of adolescence have revealed changes in neural activity that mirror improvement in behavior, including higher firing rate during the delay intervals of working memory tasks. The laminar distribution of these changes is unknown. By some accounts, persistent activity is more pronounced in superficial layers, so we sought to determine whether changes are most pronounced there. We therefore analyzed neurophysiological recordings from the young and adult stage of male monkeys, at different cortical depths. Superficial layers exhibited an increased baseline firing rate in the adult stage. Unexpectedly, we also detected substantial increases in delay period activity in the middle layers after adolescence, which was confirmed even after excluding penetrations near sulci. Finally, improved discriminability around the saccade period was most evident in the deeper layers. These results reveal the laminar pattern of neural activity maturation that is associated with cognitive improvement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Structural brain changes are evident during adolescent development particularly in the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, at a time when working memory ability increases markedly. The depth distribution of neurophysiological changes during adolescence is not known. Here, we show that neurophysiological changes are not confined to superficial layers, which have most often been implicated in the maintenance of working memory. Contrary to expectations, substantial changes were evident in intermediate layers of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhu
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Benjamin M Hammond
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Xin Maizie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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6
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Byrial P, Nyboe L, Thomsen PH, Clausen L. Motor function in early onset schizophrenia-A 2-year follow-up study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:910-920. [PMID: 36638822 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Motor symptoms primarily assessed by clinical rating are documented across the schizophrenia spectrum, but no studies have examined the longitudinal course of these symptoms in adolescents using tests that control for the natural maturational process. The aim is therefore to compare fine and gross motor function using age-adjusted tests in adolescents with schizophrenia and controls across a 2-year period, and examine if clinical correlates contribute to changes in motor function in adolescents with schizophrenia. METHOD Motor function assessed by two age-adjusted tests was compared in 25 adolescents with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched controls over a 2-year period using t-tests, Cohen's D and χ2 tests. Linear mixed models with a random intercept at patient level were used to assess changes between baseline and follow-up. The latter approach was adopted to assess the association between changes and potential predictors as age, sex, complications during labour/delivery, childhood motor function, symptoms severity, executive function and antipsychotics. RESULT All measures of motor function but one significantly differentiated adolescents with schizophrenia from controls with large effect sizes at 2-year follow-up. The overall scores did not change during follow-up, whereas two resembling motor areas of the tests significantly improved in adolescents with schizophrenia. The severity of schizophrenia, sex and IQ revealed association with the changes. CONCLUSION The finding of both stability and improvements from diagnosis to follow-up in adolescents with schizophrenia and the differences between adolescents with and without schizophrenia argue in favour of the neurodevelopment hypothesis and highlights the need for assessing motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Byrial
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Nyboe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Depression and Anxiety, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Sønderstrup M, Batiuk MY, Mantas P, Tapias-Espinosa C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Brudek T, Rydbirk R, Khodosevich K, Fernandez-Teruel A, Elfving B, Aznar S. A maturational shift in the frontal cortex synaptic transcriptional landscape underlies schizophrenia-relevant behavioural traits: A congenital rat model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:32-46. [PMID: 37263043 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of brain development early in life may underlie the neurobiology behind schizophrenia. We have reported more immature synaptic spines in the frontal cortex (FC) of adult Roman High-Avoidance (RHA-I) rats, a behavioural model displaying schizophrenia-like traits. Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis in the FC of 4 months old male RHA-I (n=8) and its counterpart, the Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA-I) (n=8). We identified 203 significant genes with overrepresentation of genes involved in synaptic function. Next, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for genes co-expressed during neurodevelopment. Gene networks were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of a transcriptomic dataset containing human FC during lifespan (n=269). Out of thirty-one functional gene networks, six were significantly enriched in the RHA-I. These were differentially regulated during infancy and enriched in biological ontologies related to myelination, synaptic function, and immune response. We validated differential gene expression in a new cohort of adolescent (<=2 months old) and young-adult (>=3 months old) RHA-I and RLA-I rats. The results confirmed overexpression of Gsn, Nt5cd1, Ppp1r1b, and Slc9a3r1 in young-adult RHA-I, while Cables1, a regulator of Cdk5 phosphorylation in actin regulation and involved in synaptic plasticity and maturation, was significantly downregulated in adolescent RHA-I. This age-related expression change was also observed for presynaptic components Snap25 and Snap29. Our results show a different maturational expression profile of synaptic components in the RHA-I strain, supporting a shift in FC maturation underlying schizophrenia-like behavioural traits and adding construct validity to this strain as a neurodevelopmental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sønderstrup
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mykhailo Y Batiuk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Rydbirk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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8
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Zhu J, Hammond BM, Zhou XM, Constantinidis C. Laminar pattern of adolescent development changes in working memory neuronal activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550982. [PMID: 37546979 PMCID: PMC10402138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent development is characterized by an improvement in cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Neurophysiological recordings in a non-human primate model of adolescence have revealed changes in neural activity that mirror improvement in behavior, including higher firing rate during the delay intervals of working memory tasks. The laminar distribution of these changes is unknown. By some accounts, persistent activity is more pronounced in superficial layers, so we sought to determine whether changes are most pronounced there. We therefore analyzed neurophysiological recordings from neurons recorded in the young and adult stage, at different cortical depths. Superficial layers exhibited increased baseline firing rate in the adult stage. Unexpectedly, changes in persistent activity were most pronounced in the middle layers. Finally, improved discriminability of stimulus location was most evident in the deeper layers. These results reveal the laminar pattern of neural activity maturation that is associated with cognitive improvement. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Structural brain changes are evident during adolescent development particularly in the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, at a time when working memory ability increases markedly. The depth distribution of neurophysiological changes during adolescence is not known. Here we show that neurophysiological changes are not confined to superficial layers, which have most often been implicated in the maintenance of working memory. Contrary to expectations, greatest changes were evident in intermediate layers of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhu
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | | | - Xin Maizie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
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9
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Sager REH, Walker AK, Middleton FA, Robinson K, Webster MJ, Gentile K, Wong ML, Shannon Weickert C. Changes in cytokine and cytokine receptor levels during postnatal development of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:186-201. [PMID: 36958512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their traditional roles in immune cell communication, cytokines regulate brain development. Cytokines are known to influence neural cell generation, differentiation, maturation, and survival. However, most work on the role of cytokines in brain development investigates rodents or focuses on prenatal events. Here, we investigate how mRNA and protein levels of key cytokines and cytokine receptors change during postnatal development of the human prefrontal cortex. We find that most cytokine transcripts investigated (IL1B, IL18, IL6, TNF, IL13) are lowest at birth and increase between 1.5 and 5 years old. After 5 years old, transcriptional patterns proceeded in one of two directions: decreased expression in teens and young adults (IL1B, p = 0.002; and IL18, p = 0.004) or increased mean expression with maturation, particularly in teenagers (IL6, p = 0.004; TNF, p = 0.002; IL13, p < 0.001). In contrast, cytokine proteins tended to remain elevated after peaking significantly around 3 years of age (IL1B, p = 0.012; IL18, p = 0.026; IL6, p = 0.039; TNF, p < 0.001), with TNF protein being highest in teenagers. An mRNA-only analysis of cytokine receptor transcripts found that early developmental increases in cytokines were paralleled by increases in their ligand-binding receptor subunits, such as IL1R1 (p = 0.033) and IL6R (p < 0.001) transcripts. In contrast, cytokine receptor-associated signaling subunits, IL1RAP and IL6ST, did not change significantly between age groups. Of the two TNF receptors, the 'pro-death' TNFRSF1A and 'pro-survival' TNFRSF1B, only TNFRSF1B was significantly changed (p = 0.028), increasing first in toddlers and again in young adults. Finally, the cytokine inhibitor, IL13, was elevated first in toddlers (p = 0.006) and again in young adults (p = 0.053). While the mean expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) was highest in toddlers, this increase was not statistically significant. The fluctuations in cytokine expression reported here support a role for increases in specific cytokines at two different stages of human cortical development. The first is during the toddler/preschool period (IL1B, IL18, and IL13), and the other occurs at adolescence/young adult maturation (IL6, TNF and IL13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E H Sager
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of Immunopsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kate Robinson
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Karen Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Smucny J, Vlasova RM, Lesh TA, Rowland DJ, Wang G, Chaudhari AJ, Chen S, Iosif AM, Hogrefe CE, Bennett JL, Shumann CM, Van de Water JA, Maddock RJ, Styner MA, Geschwind DH, McAllister AK, Bauman MD, Carter CS. Increased Striatal Presynaptic Dopamine in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Maternal Immune Activation: A Longitudinal Neurodevelopmental Positron Emission Tomography Study With Implications for Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:505-513. [PMID: 36805246 PMCID: PMC10164700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) is a significant risk factor for future neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), in offspring. Consistent with findings in SZ research and work in rodent systems, preliminary cross-sectional findings in nonhuman primates suggest that MIA is associated with dopaminergic hyperfunction in young adult offspring. METHODS In this unique prospective longitudinal study, we used [18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine positron emission tomography to examine the developmental time course of striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis in male rhesus monkeys born to dams (n = 13) injected with a modified form of the inflammatory viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], in the late first trimester. Striatal (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) dopamine from these animals was compared with that of control offspring born to dams that received saline (n = 10) or no injection (n = 4). Dopamine was measured at 15, 26, 38, and 48 months of age. Prior work with this cohort found decreased prefrontal gray matter volume in MIA offspring versus controls between 6 and 45 months of age. Based on theories of the etiology and development of SZ-related pathology, we hypothesized that there would be a delayed (relative to the gray matter decrease) increase in striatal fluoro-l-m-tyrosine signal in the MIA group versus controls. RESULTS [18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine signal showed developmental increases in both groups in the caudate and putamen. Group comparisons revealed significantly greater caudate dopaminergic signal in the MIA group at 26 months. CONCLUSIONS These findings are highly relevant to the known pathophysiology of SZ and highlight the translational relevance of the MIA model in understanding mechanisms by which MIA during pregnancy increases risk for later illness in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Roza M Vlasova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Douglas J Rowland
- Center for Genomic and Molecular Imaging, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Guobao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Center for Genomic and Molecular Imaging, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Shuai Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Casey E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Cynthia M Shumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Judy A Van de Water
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.
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11
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Vucurovic K, Raucher-Chéné D, Obert A, Gobin P, Henry A, Barrière S, Traykova M, Gierski F, Portefaix C, Caillies S, Kaladjian A. Activation of the left medial temporal gyrus and adjacent brain areas during affective theory of mind processing correlates with trait schizotypy in a nonclinical population. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6701589. [PMID: 36107738 PMCID: PMC9949503 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, is associated with abnormal brain activation during theory of mind (ToM) processing. Researchers recently suggested that there is a continuum running from subclinical schizotypal personality traits to fully expressed schizophrenia symptoms. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether schizotypal personality traits in a nonclinical population are associated with atypical brain activation during ToM tasks. Our aim was to investigate correlations between fMRI brain activation during affective ToM (ToMA) and cognitive ToM (ToMC) tasks and scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Basic Empathy Scale in 39 healthy individuals. The total SPQ score positively correlated with brain activation during ToMA processing in clusters extending from the left medial temporal gyrus (MTG), lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus to the parahippocampal gyrus (Brodmann area: 19). During ToMA processing, the right inferior occipital gyrus, right MTG, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex negatively correlated with the emotional disconnection subscore and the total score of self-reported empathy. These posterior brain regions are known to be involved in memory and language, as well as in creative reasoning, in nonclinical individuals. Our findings highlight changes in brain processing associated with trait schizotypy in nonclinical individuals during ToMA but not ToMC processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Vucurovic
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Centre Rémois de Psychothérapie et Neuromodulation, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France.,McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 11290 Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Obert
- Champollion National University Institute, Cognition Sciences, Technology & Ergonomics Laboratory, University of Toulouse, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Pamela Gobin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Sarah Barrière
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Martina Traykova
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France.,INSERM U1247 GRAP, Research Group on Alcohol and Drugs, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Portefaix
- Radiology Department, Reims University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France.,University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CReSTIC Laboratory, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Stéphanie Caillies
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, EA 6291, 51100 Reims, France.,Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, 51100 Reims, France.,University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne Faculty of Medicine, 51100 Reims, France
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12
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Fišar Z. Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110626. [PMID: 36055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the etiology of this mental disorder. Schizophrenia has long been considered a neurodevelopmental disease whose symptoms are caused by impaired synaptic signal transduction and brain neuroplasticity. Both the onset and chronic course of schizophrenia are associated with risk factors-induced disruption of brain function and the establishment of a new homeostatic setpoint characterized by biomarkers. Different risk factors and biomarkers can converge to the same symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that the primary cause of the disease can be highly individual. Schizophrenia-related biomarkers include measurable biochemical changes induced by stress (elevated allostatic load), mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Here is a summary of selected valid biological hypotheses of schizophrenia formulated based on risk factors and biomarkers, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, brain chemistry, and antipsychotic medication. The integrative neurodevelopmental-vulnerability-neurochemical model is based on current knowledge of the neurobiology of the onset and progression of the disease and the effects of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics and reflects the complex and multifactorial nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Czech Republic.
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13
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Byrial P, Clausen L, Nyboe L. Comparing the Movement Assessment Battery for Children with the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency in adolescents with and without schizophrenia. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 28:e1980. [PMID: 36349933 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As motor impairments have implications for health and functioning, they need to be addressed early, not only in childhood but also in adolescence, the period in which mental disorders as schizophrenia, typically develops. Further, the possible prognostic value of motor impairments in schizophrenia highlights the importance. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) assess adolescent motor performance. However, MABC-2 is not valid past age 16 and has no sex-norms. Further, while the concurrent validity between the tests and their ability to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical groups has been established in children, however they have not been established in adolescence. PURPOSE To compare the ability of MABC-2 and BOT-2 to distinguish between adolescents with and without schizophrenia, to examine the concurrent validity between tests, to examine the agreement between tests in classifying adolescents "at risk" or scoring "below average" and to examine the influence of age and sex on MABC-2. METHOD Motor performance assessed by BOT-2 and MABC-2 was compared in 25 adolescents with schizophrenia (14-18) and age- and sex-matched controls using t-test, Cohen's D and false discovery rate's q-value. The associations between tests were assessed using Pearson's correlation and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The Kappa coefficient was used to assess the agreement between tests in classifying "risk/below average" and linear regression was adopted to assess the influence of age/sex on MABC-2. RESULTS MABC-2 and BOT-2 significantly distinguished adolescents with schizophrenia from controls with large effect size. A strong association (p > 0.001) was found between the tests. The tests revealed moderate agreement in identifying "risk" or scoring "below average". Only sex influenced MABC-2 scores. CONCLUSION MABC-2 and BOT-2 are both useful for assessing motor performance and distinguishing between adolescents with and without schizophrenia, although BOT-2 provides a more detailed picture of the challenges in adolescent with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Byrial
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Lene Nyboe
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Depression and Anxiety Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
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14
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Nestor PG, Levin LK, Stone WS, Giuliano AJ, Seidman LJ, Levitt JJ. Brain structural abnormalities of the associative striatum in adolescents and young adults at genetic high-risk of schizophrenia: Implications for illness endophenotypes. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:355-362. [PMID: 36179416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction in cortico-striatal circuitry represents a core component of the pathophysiology in schizophrenia (SZ) but its potential as a candidate endophenotype of the illness is often confounded by neuroleptic medication. METHODS Accordingly, 26 adolescent and young adult participants at genetic high-risk for schizophrenia, but who were asymptomatic and neuroleptic naïve, and 28 age-matched controls underwent 1.5T structural magnetic resonance imaging of the striatum, manually parcellated into limbic (LST), associative (AST), and sensorimotor (SMST) functional subregions. RESULTS In relation to their age peers, participants at genetic high-risk for schizophrenia showed overall lower striatal gray matter volume with their most pronounced loss, bilaterally in the AST, but not the LST or SMST. Neuropsychological testing revealed reduced executive functioning for genetically at-risk participants, although the groups did not differ significantly in overall intelligence or oral reading. For controls but not for at-genetic high-risk participants, stronger executive functioning correlated with increased bilateral AST volume. CONCLUSIONS Reduced bilateral AST volume in genetic high-risk adolescents and young adults, accompanied by heritable loss of higher cognitive brain-behavior relationships, might serve as a useful endophenotype of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura K Levin
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony J Giuliano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James J Levitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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15
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Xie S, Zhuo J, Song M, Chu C, Cui Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Li L, Jiang T. Tract-specific white matter microstructural alterations in subjects with schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2110-2119. [PMID: 35732912 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
White matter tracts alterations have been reported in schizophrenia (SZ), but whether such abnormalities are associated with the effects of the disorder itself and/or genetic vulnerability remains unclear. Moreover, the specific patterns of different parts of these altered tracts have been less well studied. Thus, diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 38 healthy controls (HCs), 48 schizophrenia patients, and 33 unaffected first-degree relatives of SZs (FDRs). Diffusion properties of the 25 major tracts automatically extracted with probabilistic tractography were calculated and compared among groups. Regarding the peripheral regions of the tracts, significantly higher diffusivity values in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) were observed in SZs than in HCs and unaffected FDRs. However, there were no significant differences between HCs and FDRs in these two tracts. While no main effects of group with respect to the core regions of the 25 tracts survived multiple comparisons correction, FDRs had significantly higher diffusivity values in the left medial lemniscus and lower diffusivity values in the middle cerebellar peduncle than HCs and SZs. These findings enhance the understanding of the abnormal patterns in the peripheral and core regions of the tracts in SZs and those at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Our results suggest that alterations in the peripheral regions of the left SLF and ATR are features of established illness rather than genetic predisposition, which may serve as critical neural substrates for the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangma Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Song
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Chu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
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16
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Takahashi T, Wood SJ, Yung AR, Nelson B, Lin A, Yuen HP, Phillips LJ, Suzuki M, McGorry PD, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C. Pineal morphology of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis and different psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:1-7. [PMID: 35487129 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin dysregulation in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it remains unclear whether pineal volume is associated with the later onset of psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis or if pineal atrophy is specific to schizophrenia among different psychotic disorders. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the volume of and cyst prevalence in the pineal gland in 135 individuals at CHR of psychosis [52 (38.5%) subsequently developed psychosis], 162 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 89 with chronic schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. The potential contribution of the pineal morphology to clinical characteristics was also examined in the CHR and FEP groups. RESULTS Pineal volumes did not differ significantly between the CHR, FEP, and chronic schizophrenia groups, but were significantly smaller than that in healthy controls. However, pineal volumes were not associated with the later onset of psychosis in the CHR group or FEP sub-diagnosis (i.e., schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, affective psychosis, and other psychoses). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts between the groups, and it also did not correlate with clinical characteristics in the CHR and FEP groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pineal atrophy is a general vulnerability marker of psychosis, while pineal cysts do not appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Lisa J Phillips
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Byrial P, Nyboe L, Thomsen PH, Clausen L. Motor impairments in early onset schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:481-491. [PMID: 34278723 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Motor impairments are frequent both at and before diagnosis. In childhood, impairments in general fine and gross motor function are among others identified using test batteries, and while elements of coordination are assessed in onset schizophrenia, the assessment of general motor functions is absent. Thus, we aimed to assess general motor function including childhood motor function in adolescents with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls and examine clinical correlates to general motor function. METHOD General fine and gross motor function was assessed using two standardized age-normed test batteries and a questionnaire in 25 adolescents with schizophrenia compared with age and gender-matched controls using t-test and χ2 -test. Stepwise linear regression assessed potential developmental predictors on motor function including complications during childbirth, reported childhood motor function, executive function including false discovery rate q-values. Associations with schizophrenia symptom severity, executive function, cognitive function were assessed using Pearson's correlation and the impact of antipsychotic medication using t-test. RESULT All measures of motor function but one significantly differentiated adolescents with schizophrenia from healthy controls. The presence of schizophrenia (β =4.41, β = 10.96), explained the main part of the variance however, childhood motor function (β = .08) also added significantly to motor function. Executive function (β = -.45) was important for childhood motor function. Severity of schizophrenia was associated with strength (p < .0011) and manual coordination (p = .0295), and receiving antipsychotics affected manual dexterity (p = .0378). CONCLUSION The documentation of significant differences in general motor function in early onset schizophrenia compared with healthy controls highlights the need for general motor assessments and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Byrial
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lene Nyboe
- Department of Depression and Anxiety, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Dwyer JB, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Johnson JA, Londono Tobon A, Flores JM, Nasir M, Couloures K, Sanacora G, Bloch MH. Efficacy of Intravenous Ketamine in Adolescent Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Midazolam-Controlled Trial. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:241-251. [PMID: 37153136 PMCID: PMC10153503 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.22020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Adolescent depression is prevalent and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although intravenous ketamine has shown efficacy in adult treatment-resistant depression, its efficacy in pediatric populations is unknown. The authors conducted an active-placebo-controlled study of ketamine's safety and efficacy in adolescents. Methods In this proof-of-concept randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover clinical trial, 17 adolescents (ages 13-17) with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder received a single intravenous infusion of either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg over 40 minutes), and the alternate compound 2 weeks later. All participants had previously tried at least one antidepressant medication and met the severity criterion of a score >40 on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The primary outcome measure was score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 24 hours after treatment. Results A single ketamine infusion significantly reduced depressive symptoms 24 hours after infusion compared with midazolam (MADRS score: midazolam, mean=24.13, SD=12.08, 95% CI=18.21, 30.04; ketamine, mean=15.44, SD=10.07, 95% CI=10.51, 20.37; mean difference=-8.69, SD=15.08, 95% CI=-16.72, -0.65, df=15; effect size=0.78). In secondary analyses, the treatment gains associated with ketamine appeared to remain 14 days after treatment, the latest time point assessed, as measured by the MADRS (but not as measured by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised). A significantly greater proportion of participants experienced a response to ketamine during the first 3 days following infusion as compared with midazolam (76% and 35%, respectively). Ketamine was associated with transient, self-limited dissociative symptoms that affected participant blinding, but there were no serious adverse events. Conclusions In this first randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ketamine in adolescents with depression, the findings suggest that it is well tolerated acutely and has significant short-term (2-week) efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms compared with an active placebo.Reprinted from Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:352-362 with permission from American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Dwyer
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Jessica A Johnson
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Amalia Londono Tobon
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - José M Flores
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Madeeha Nasir
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Kevin Couloures
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
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19
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Schlag F, Allegrini AG, Buitelaar J, Verhoef E, van Donkelaar M, Plomin R, Rimfeld K, Fisher SE, St Pourcain B. Polygenic risk for mental disorder reveals distinct association profiles across social behaviour in the general population. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1588-1598. [PMID: 35228676 PMCID: PMC9095485 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many mental health conditions present a spectrum of social difficulties that overlaps with social behaviour in the general population including shared but little characterised genetic links. Here, we systematically investigate heterogeneity in shared genetic liabilities with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), major depression (MD) and schizophrenia across a spectrum of different social symptoms. Longitudinally assessed low-prosociality and peer-problem scores in two UK population-based cohorts (4-17 years; parent- and teacher-reports; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children(ALSPAC): N ≤ 6,174; Twins Early Development Study(TEDS): N ≤ 7,112) were regressed on polygenic risk scores for disorder, as informed by genome-wide summary statistics from large consortia, using negative binomial regression models. Across ALSPAC and TEDS, we replicated univariate polygenic associations between social behaviour and risk for ADHD, MD and schizophrenia. Modelling variation in univariate genetic effects jointly using random-effect meta-regression revealed evidence for polygenic links between social behaviour and ADHD, ASD, MD, and schizophrenia risk, but not BP. Differences in age, reporter and social trait captured 45-88% in univariate effect variation. Cross-disorder adjusted analyses demonstrated that age-related heterogeneity in univariate effects is shared across mental health conditions, while reporter- and social trait-specific heterogeneity captures disorder-specific profiles. In particular, ADHD, MD, and ASD polygenic risk were more strongly linked to peer problems than low prosociality, while schizophrenia was associated with low prosociality only. The identified association profiles suggest differences in the social genetic architecture across mental disorders when investigating polygenic overlap with population-based social symptoms spanning 13 years of child and adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea G Allegrini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Ln, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 0AP, London, UK
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Ln, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Ln, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 5 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK.
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20
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Rahman T, Purves-Tyson T, Geddes AE, Huang XF, Newell KA, Weickert CS. N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor and inflammation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:61-70. [PMID: 34952289 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lower N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) GluN1 subunit levels and heightened neuroinflammation are found in the cortex in schizophrenia. Since neuroinflammation can lead to changes in NMDAR function, it is possible that these observations are linked in schizophrenia. We aimed to extend our previous studies by measuring molecular indices of NMDARs that define key functional properties of this receptor - particularly the ratio of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits - in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from schizophrenia and control cases (37/37). We sought to test whether changes in these measures are specific to the subset of schizophrenia cases with high levels of inflammation-related mRNAs, defined as a high inflammatory subgroup. Quantitative autoradiography was used to detect 'functional' NMDARs ([3H]MK-801), GluN1-coupled-GluN2A subunits ([3H]CGP-39653), and GluN1-coupled-GluN2B subunits ([3H]Ifenprodil). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure NMDAR subunit transcripts (GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B). The ratios of GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNAs were calculated as an index of putative NMDAR composition. We found: 1) GluN2A binding, and 2) the ratios of GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNAs were lower in schizophrenia cases versus controls (p < 0.05), and 3) lower GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNA ratios were exaggerated in the high inflammation/schizophrenia subgroup compared to the low inflammation/control subgroup (p < 0.05). No other NMDAR-related indices were significantly changed in the high inflammation/schizophrenia subgroup. This suggests that neuroinflammation may alter NMDAR stoichiometry rather than targeting total NMDAR levels overall, and future studies could aim to determine if anti-inflammatory treatment can alleviate this aspect of NMDAR-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Rahman
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tertia Purves-Tyson
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy E Geddes
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kelly A Newell
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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21
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Liu X, Bennison SA, Robinson L, Toyo-oka K. Responsible Genes for Neuronal Migration in the Chromosome 17p13.3: Beyond Pafah1b1(Lis1), Crk and Ywhae(14-3-3ε). Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010056. [PMID: 35053800 PMCID: PMC8774252 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 17p13.3 chromosome region is often deleted or duplicated in humans, resulting in severe neurodevelopmental disorders such as Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS) and 17p13.3 duplication syndrome. Lissencephaly can also be caused by gene mutations or deletions of a small piece of the 17p13.3 region, including a single gene or a few genes. PAFAH1B1 gene, coding for LIS1 protein, is a responsible gene for lissencephaly and MDS and regulates neuronal migration by controlling microtubules (MTs) and cargo transport along MTs via dynein. CRK is a downstream regulator of the reelin signaling pathways and regulates neuronal migration. YWHAE, coding for 14-3-3ε, is also responsible for MDS and regulates neuronal migration by binding to LIS1-interacting protein, NDEL1. Although these three proteins are known to be responsible for neuronal migration defects in MDS, there are 23 other genes in the MDS critical region on chromosome 17p13.3, and little is known about their functions in neurodevelopment, especially in neuronal migration. This review will summarize the recent progress on the functions of LIS1, CRK, and 14-3-3ε and describe the recent findings of other molecules in the MDS critical regions in neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Sarah A. Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Lozen Robinson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(215)-991-8288
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22
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Westhoff MLS, Ladwig J, Heck J, Schülke R, Groh A, Deest M, Bleich S, Frieling H, Jahn K. Early Detection and Prevention of Schizophrenic Psychosis-A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 35053755 PMCID: PMC8774083 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders often run a chronic course and are associated with a considerable emotional and social impact for patients and their relatives. Therefore, early recognition, combined with the possibility of preventive intervention, is urgently warranted since the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) significantly determines the further course of the disease. In addition to established diagnostic tools, neurobiological factors in the development of schizophrenic psychoses are increasingly being investigated. It is shown that numerous molecular alterations already exist before the clinical onset of the disease. As schizophrenic psychoses are not elicited by a single mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, epigenetics likely constitute the missing link between environmental influences and disease development and could potentially serve as a biomarker. The results from transcriptomic and proteomic studies point to a dysregulated immune system, likely evoked by epigenetic alterations. Despite the increasing knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the development of psychotic disorders, further research efforts with large population-based study designs are needed to identify suitable biomarkers. In conclusion, a combination of blood examinations, functional imaging techniques, electroencephalography (EEG) investigations and polygenic risk scores should be considered as the basis for predicting how subjects will transition into manifest psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lennart Schulze Westhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Johannes Ladwig
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rasmus Schülke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Adrian Groh
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Maximilian Deest
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
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23
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Resolving heterogeneity in schizophrenia through a novel systems approach to brain structure: individualized structural covariance network analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7719-7731. [PMID: 34316005 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliable mapping of system-level individual differences is a critical first step toward precision medicine for complex disorders such as schizophrenia. Disrupted structural covariance indicates a system-level brain maturational disruption in schizophrenia. However, most studies examine structural covariance at the group level. This prevents subject-level inferences. Here, we introduce a Network Template Perturbation approach to construct individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) using regional gray-matter volume. IDSCN quantifies how structural covariance between two nodes in a patient deviates from the normative covariance in healthy subjects. We analyzed T1 images from 1287 subjects, including 107 first-episode (drug-naive) patients and 71 controls in the discovery datasets and established robustness in 213 first-episode (drug-naive), 294 chronic, 99 clinical high-risk patients, and 494 controls from the replication datasets. Patients with schizophrenia were highly variable in their altered structural covariance edges; the number of altered edges was related to severity of hallucinations. Despite this variability, a subset of covariance edges, including the left hippocampus-bilateral putamen/globus pallidus edges, clustered patients into two distinct subgroups with opposing changes in covariance compared to controls, and significant differences in their anxiety and depression scores. These subgroup differences were stable across all seven datasets with meaningful genetic associations and functional annotation for the affected edges. We conclude that the underlying physiology of affective symptoms in schizophrenia involves the hippocampus and putamen/pallidum, predates disease onset, and is sufficiently consistent to resolve morphological heterogeneity throughout the illness course. The two schizophrenia subgroups identified thus have implications for the nosology and clinical treatment.
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24
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Burgher B, Whybird G, Koussis N, Scott JG, Cocchi L, Breakspear M. Sub-optimal modulation of gain by the cognitive control system in young adults with early psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:549. [PMID: 34707092 PMCID: PMC8551269 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunctions in early psychosis (EP) are subtle but persistent, hindering recovery. We asked whether changes in the cognitive control system (CCS) disrupt the response to increased cognitive load in persons with EP. In all, 30 EP and 30 control participants undertook multimodal MRI. Computational models of structural and effective connectivity amongst regions in the CCS were informed by cortical responses to the multi-source interference task, a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict. EP participants showed greater activation of CCS regions, including the superior parietal cortex, and were disproportionately slower at resolving stimulus conflict in the task. Computational models of the effective connectivity underlying this behavioral response suggest that the normative (control) group resolved stimulus conflict through an efficient and direct modulation of gain between the visual cortex and the anterior insula (AI). In contrast, the EP group utilized an indirect path, with parallel and multi-region hops to resolve stimulus conflict at the AI. Individual differences in task performance were dependent on initial linear gain modulations in the EP group versus a single nonlinear modulation in the control group. Effective connectivity in the EP group was associated with reduced structural integration amongst those connections critical for task execution. CCS engagement during stimulus conflict is hampered in EP owing to inefficient use of higher-order network interactions, with high tonic gain impeding task-relevant (phasic) signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Burgher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Metro-North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Nikitas Koussis
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCollege of Engineering Science and Environment, College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia ,Metro-North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCollege of Engineering Science and Environment, College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
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25
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Reynolds LM, Flores C. Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways Across Adolescence: Diversity in Development. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:735625. [PMID: 34566584 PMCID: PMC8456011 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.735625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuity undergoes a protracted maturation during adolescent life. Stable adult levels of behavioral functioning in reward, motivational, and cognitive domains are established as these pathways are refined, however, their extended developmental window also leaves them vulnerable to perturbation by environmental factors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying dopamine pathway development in the adolescent brain, and how the environment influences these processes to establish or disrupt neurocircuit diversity. We further integrate these recent studies into the larger historical framework of anatomical and neurochemical changes occurring during adolescence in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. While dopamine neuron heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated at molecular, physiological, and anatomical levels, we suggest that a developmental facet may play a key role in establishing vulnerability or resilience to environmental stimuli and experience in distinct dopamine circuits, shifting the balance between healthy brain development and susceptibility to psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Reynolds
- Plasticité du Cerveau CNRS UMR8249, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Paris, France.,Neuroscience Paris Seine CNRS UMR 8246 INSERM U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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26
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Potential contribution of pineal atrophy and pineal cysts toward vulnerability and clinical characteristics of psychosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102805. [PMID: 34461434 PMCID: PMC8405969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported pineal gland atrophy in schizophrenia patients and individuals at a clinical high risk of developing psychosis, implicating abnormalities in melatonin secretion in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it currently remains unclear whether the morphology of the pineal gland contributes to symptomatology and sociocognitive functions. METHODS This MRI study examined pineal gland volumes and the prevalence of pineal cysts as well as their relationship with clinical characteristics in 57 at risk mental state (ARMS) subjects, 63 patients with schizophrenia, and 61 healthy controls. The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) were used to assess sociocognitive functions, while the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was employed to evaluate clinical symptoms in ARMS subjects and schizophrenia patients. RESULTS Pineal gland volumes were significantly smaller in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups than in the controls, while no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts. Although BACS, SCoRS, and SOFAS scores were not associated with pineal morphology, patients with pineal cysts in the schizophrenia group exhibited severe positive psychotic symptoms with rather mild negative symptoms. CONCLUSION The present results indicate the potential of pineal atrophy as a vulnerability marker in various stages of psychosis and suggest that pineal cysts influence the clinical subtype of schizophrenia.
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28
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Dwyer JB, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Johnson JA, Londono Tobon A, Flores JM, Nasir M, Couloures K, Sanacora G, Bloch MH. Efficacy of Intravenous Ketamine in Adolescent Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Midazolam-Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:352-362. [PMID: 33653121 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent depression is prevalent and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although intravenous ketamine has shown efficacy in adult treatment-resistant depression, its efficacy in pediatric populations is unknown. The authors conducted an active-placebo-controlled study of ketamine's safety and efficacy in adolescents. METHODS In this proof-of-concept randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover clinical trial, 17 adolescents (ages 13-17) with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder received a single intravenous infusion of either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg over 40 minutes), and the alternate compound 2 weeks later. All participants had previously tried at least one antidepressant medication and met the severity criterion of a score >40 on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The primary outcome measure was score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS A single ketamine infusion significantly reduced depressive symptoms 24 hours after infusion compared with midazolam (MADRS score: midazolam, mean=24.13, SD=12.08, 95% CI=18.21, 30.04; ketamine, mean=15.44, SD=10.07, 95% CI=10.51, 20.37; mean difference=-8.69, SD=15.08, 95% CI=-16.72, -0.65, df=15; effect size=0.78). In secondary analyses, the treatment gains associated with ketamine appeared to remain 14 days after treatment, the latest time point assessed, as measured by the MADRS (but not as measured by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised). A significantly greater proportion of participants experienced a response to ketamine during the first 3 days following infusion as compared with midazolam (76% and 35%, respectively). Ketamine was associated with transient, self-limited dissociative symptoms that affected participant blinding, but there were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In this first randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ketamine in adolescents with depression, the findings suggest that it is well tolerated acutely and has significant short-term (2-week) efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms compared with an active placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Dwyer
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Jessica A Johnson
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Amalia Londono Tobon
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - José M Flores
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Madeeha Nasir
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Kevin Couloures
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Yale Child Study Center (Dwyer, Landeros-Weisenberger, Johnson, Londono Tobon, Flores, Nasir, Bloch), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Dwyer), and Department of Psychiatry (Londono Tobon, Flores, Sanacora, Bloch), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Couloures)
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Li Z, Li W, Wei Y, Gui G, Zhang R, Liu H, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Deep learning based automatic diagnosis of first-episode psychosis, bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 89:101882. [PMID: 33684730 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging data driven machine learning based predictive modeling and pattern recognition has been attracted strongly attention in biomedical sciences. Machine learning based diagnosis techniques are widely applied in diagnosis of neurological diseases. However, machine learning techniques are difficult to effectively extract deep information in neuroimaging data, resulting in low classification accuracy of mental illnesses. To address this problem, we propose a deep learning based automatic diagnosis first-episode psychosis (FEP), bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC) method. Specifically, we design a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework to automatically diagnosis based on structural magnetic functional imaging (sMRI). Our dataset consists of 89 FEP patients, 40 BD patients and 83 HC. A three-way classifier (FEP vs. BD vs. HC) and three binary classifiers (FEP vs. BD, FEP vs. HC, BD vs. HC) are trained based on their gray matter volume images. Experiment results show that the performance of CNN-based method outperforms the classic classifiers both in two and three categories classification task. Our research reveals that abnormal gray matter volume is one of the main characteristics for discriminating FEP, BD and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Li
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Wenmei Li
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China; School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Guan Gui
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yiqiu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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30
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Sánchez-González A, Thougaard E, Tapias-Espinosa C, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Saunders JM, Toneatti R, Tobeña A, Gónzalez-Maeso J, Aznar S, Fernández-Teruel A. Increased thin-spine density in frontal cortex pyramidal neurons in a genetic rat model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:79-91. [PMID: 33485732 PMCID: PMC7902438 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms altered during brain wiring leading to cognitive disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unknown. We have previously reported altered cortical expression of neurodevelopmentally regulated synaptic markers in a genetic animal model of schizophrenia-relevant behavioral features, the Roman-High Avoidance rat strain (RHA-I). To further explore this phenotype, we looked at dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal neurons, as changes in spine density and morphology are one of the main processes taking place during adolescence. An HSV-viral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the frontal cortex (FC) of a group of 11 RHA-I and 12 Roman-Low Avoidance (RLA-I) male rats. GFP labeled dendrites from pyramidal cells were 3D reconstructed and number and types of spines quantified. We observed an increased spine density in the RHA-I, corresponding to a larger fraction of immature thin spines, with no differences in stubby and mushroom spines. Glia cells, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons and surrounding perineuronal net (PNN) density are known to participate in FC and pyramidal neuron dendritic spine maturation. We determined by stereological-based quantification a significantly higher number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the FC of the RHA-I strain, with no difference in microglia (Iba1-positive cells). The number of inhibitory PV, SST interneurons or PNN density, on the contrary, was unchanged. Results support our belief that the RHA-I strain presents a more immature FC, with some structural features like those observed during adolescence, adding construct validity to this strain as a genetic behavioral model of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - E Thougaard
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Toneatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gónzalez-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Price AJ, Jaffe AE, Weinberger DR. Cortical cellular diversity and development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:203-217. [PMID: 32404946 PMCID: PMC7666011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While a definitive understanding of schizophrenia etiology is far from current reality, an increasing body of evidence implicates perturbations in early development that alter the trajectory of brain maturation in this disorder, leading to abnormal function in early childhood and adulthood. This atypical development likely arises from an interaction of many brain cell types that follow distinct developmental paths. Because both cellular identity and development are governed by the transcriptome and epigenome, two levels of gene regulation that have the potential to reflect both genetic and environmental influences, mapping "omic" changes over development in diverse cells is a fruitful avenue for schizophrenia research. In this review, we provide a survey of human brain cellular composition and development, levels of genomic regulation that determine cellular identity and developmental trajectories, and what is known about how genomic regulation is dysregulated in specific cell types in schizophrenia. We also outline technical challenges and solutions to conducting cell type-specific functional genomic studies in human postmortem brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Price
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD,McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD,McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD,McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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32
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Metabolic Flexibility Assists Reprograming of Central and Peripheral Innate Immunity During Neurodevelopment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:703-718. [PMID: 33006752 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Central innate immunity assists time-dependent neurodevelopment by recruiting and interacting with peripheral immune cells. Microglia are the major player of central innate immunity integrating peripheral signals arising from the circumventricular regions lacking the blood-brain barrier (BBB), via neural afferent pathways such as the vagal nerve and also by choroid plexus into the brain ventricles. Defective and/or unrestrained activation of central and peripheral immunity during embryonic development might set an aberrant connectome establishment and brain function, leading to major psychiatric disorders in postnatal stages. Molecular candidates leading to central and peripheral innate immune overactivation identified metabolic substrates and lipid species as major contributors of immunological priming, supporting the role of a metabolic flexibility node during trained immunity. Mechanistically, trained immunity is established by an epigenetic program including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, as the major molecular epigenetic signatures to set immune phenotypes. By definition, immunological training sets reprogramming of innate immune cells, enhancing or repressing immune responses towards a second challenge which potentially might contribute to neurodevelopment disorders. Notably, the innate immune training might be set during pregnancy by maternal immune activation stimuli. In this review, we integrate the most valuable scientific evidence supporting the role of metabolic cues assisting metabolic flexibility, leading to innate immune training during development and its effects on aberrant neurological phenotypes in the offspring. We also add reports supporting the role of methylation and histone acetylation signatures as a major epigenetic mechanism regulating immune training.
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33
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You X, Zhang Y, Long Q, Liu Z, Ma X, Lu Z, Yang W, Feng Z, Zhang W, Teng Z, Zeng Y. Investigating aberrantly expressed microRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with treatment‑resistant schizophrenia using miRNA sequencing and integrated bioinformatics. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4340-4350. [PMID: 33000265 PMCID: PMC7533444 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a common phenotype of schizophrenia that places a considerable burden on patients as well as on society. TRS is known for its tendency to relapse and uncontrollable nature, with a poor response to antipsychotics other than clozapine. Therefore, it is urgent to identify objective biological markers, so as to guide its treatment and associated clinical work. In the present study, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with TRS and a healthy control group, which were gender-, age- and ethnicity-matched, were subjected to microRNA (miRNA/miR) sequencing to screen out the top three miRNAs with the highest fold change values. These were then validated in the TRS (n=34) and healthy control (n=31) groups by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. For two of the top three miRNAs, the PCR results were in accordance with the sequencing result (P<0.01), while the third miRNA exhibited the opposite trend (P<0.01). To elucidate the functions of these two miRNAs, Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-218-5p and hsa-miR-1262 and their regulatory network, target gene prediction was first performed using online TargetScan and Diana-micro T software. Bioinformatics analysis was then performed using functional enrichment analysis to determine the Gene Ontology terms in the category biological process and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. It was revealed that these target genes were markedly associated with the nervous system and brain function, and it was obvious that the differentially expressed miRNAs most likely participated in the pathogenesis of TRS. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to confirm the distinct diagnostic value of these two miRNAs. It was concluded that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PMBCs may be implicated in the pathogenesis of TRS and may serve as specific peripheral blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu You
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yunqiao Zhang
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Long
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Liu
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Lu
- Psychiatric Ward, Honghe Second People's Hospital, Honghe, Yunnan 654399, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Psychiatric Ward, Yuxi Second People's Hospital, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiao Feng
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Wengyu Zhang
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Research Management Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
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Ohayon S, Yitzhaky A, Hertzberg L. Gene expression meta-analysis reveals the up-regulation of CREB1 and CREBBP in Brodmann Area 10 of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2020; 292:113311. [PMID: 32712449 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments characterize individuals with schizophrenia, and are correlated to the patients' functional outcome. The transcription factor Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1) is involved in learning and memory processes. CREB1 and both CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A Binding Protein P300 (EP300), co-activators of CREB1, have been associated with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic meta-analysis of CREB1, CREBBP and EP300 differential expression in post mortem Brodmann Area 10 (BA10) samples of patients with schizophrenia vs. healthy controls, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Two microarray datasets met the inclusion criteria (overall 41 schizophrenia samples and 38 controls were analyzed). We detect up-regulation of CREB1 and CREBBP in BA10 samples of patients with schizophrenia, while EP300 wasn't differentially expressed. The integration of two independent datasets and the positive correlation between the expression patterns of CREB1 and CREBBP increase the validity of the results. The up-regulation of CREB1 and its co-activator CREBBP might relate to BA10 altered activation that has been shown in schizophrenia. As BA10 was shown to be involved in the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia, this suggests involvement of CREB1 and CREBBP in the cognitive symptoms that characterize the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 13 Aliat Hanoar St. Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel.
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35
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Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanás T, Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto M, Rodriguez-Jamardo C, de Las Heras E, Barreiro-Villar C, Blanco-Formoso M, Fernández-Palleiro P, Álvarez-Ariza M, López M, García-Caballero A, Olivares JM, Spuch C. Plasma β-III tubulin, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with neurodegeneration and progression in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14271. [PMID: 32868793 PMCID: PMC7459108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a progressive disorder characterized by multiple psychotic relapses. After every relapse, patients may not fully recover, and this may lead to a progressive loss of functionality. Pharmacological treatment represents a key factor to minimize the biological, psychological and psychosocial impact of the disorder. The number of relapses and the duration of psychotic episodes induce a potential neuronal damage and subsequently, neurodegenerative processes. Thus, a comparative study was performed, including forty healthy controls and forty-two SZ patients divided into first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic SZ (CSZ) subgroups, where the CSZ sub group was subdivided by antipsychotic treatment. In order to measure the potential neuronal damage, plasma levels of β-III tubulin, neurofilament light chain (Nf-L), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed. The results revealed that the levels of these proteins were increased in the SZ group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, multiple comparison analysis showed highly significant levels of β-III tubulin (P = 0.0002), Nf-L (P = 0.0403) and GFAP (P < 0.015) in the subgroup of CSZ clozapine-treated. In conclusion, β-III tubulin, Nf-L and GFAP proteins may be potential biomarkers of neurodegeneration and progression in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena de Las Heras
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carolina Barreiro-Villar
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Blanco-Formoso
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Ariza
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain.
- Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute - IISGS, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain.
- Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Bloque Técnico, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute - IISGS, Planta 2, Sala de Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Spain.
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Phensy A, Lindquist KL, Lindquist KA, Bairuty D, Gauba E, Guo L, Tian J, Du H, Kroener S. Deletion of the Mitochondrial Matrix Protein CyclophilinD Prevents Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunctionand Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of NMDA Hypofunction. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6121-6132. [PMID: 32605939 PMCID: PMC7406283 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0880-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress are final common pathways in the pathophysiology of a variety of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Oxidative stress causes dysfunction of GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons (PVI), which are crucial for the coordination of neuronal synchrony during sensory and cognitive processing. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons and they control synaptic activity through their roles in energy production and intracellular calcium homeostasis. We have previously shown that in male mice transient blockade of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) during development [subcutaneous injections of 30 mg/kg ketamine (KET) on postnatal days 7, 9, and 11] results in long-lasting alterations in synaptic transmission and reduced PV expression in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC), contributing to a behavioral phenotype that mimics multiple symptoms associated with schizophrenia. These changes correlate with oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function in both PVI and pyramidal cells. Here, we show that genetic deletion (Ppif-/-) of the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) prevents perinatal KET-induced increases in ROS and the resulting deficits in PVI function, and changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PFC. Deletion of CypD also prevented KET-induced behavioral deficits in cognitive flexibility, social interaction, and novel object recognition (NOR). Taken together, these data highlight how mitochondrial activity may play an integral role in modulating PVI-mediated cognitive processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondria are important modulators of oxidative stress and cell function, yet how mitochondrial dysfunction affects cell activity and synaptic transmission in psychiatric illnesses is not well understood. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blockade with ketamine (KET) during development causes oxidative stress, dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons (PVI), and long-lasting physiological and behavioral changes. Here we show that mice deficient for the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) show robust protection from PVI dysfunction following perinatal NMDAR blockade. Mitochondria serve as an essential node for a number of stress-induced signaling pathways and our experiments suggest that failure of mitochondrial redox regulation can contribute to PVI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarron Phensy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Kathy L Lindquist
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Karen A Lindquist
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Dania Bairuty
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Esha Gauba
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Sven Kroener
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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Does cognitive control ability mediate the relationship between reward-related mechanisms, impulsivity, and maladaptive outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood? COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:653-676. [PMID: 31119652 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological models explain increased risk-taking behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood as arising from staggered development of subcortical reward networks and prefrontal control networks. In this study, we examined whether individual variability in impulsivity and reward-related mechanisms is associated with higher level of engagement in risky behaviours and vulnerability to maladaptive outcomes and whether this relationship is mediated by cognitive control ability. A community sample of adolescents, young adults, and adults (age = 15-35 years) completed self-report measures and behavioural tasks of cognitive control, impulsivity, and reward-related mechanisms, and self-reported level of maladaptive outcomes. Behavioural, event-related potential (ERP), and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) measures of proactive control were derived from a task-switching paradigm. Adolescents, but not young adults, reported higher levels of impulsivity, reward-seeking behaviours and maladaptive outcomes than adults. They also had lower cognitive control ability, as measured by both self-report and task-based measures. Consistent with models of risk-taking behaviour, self-reported level of cognitive control mediated the relationship between self-reported levels of impulsivity and psychological distress, but the effect was not moderated by age. In contrast, there was no mediation effect of behavioural or EEG-based measures of cognitive control. These findings suggest that individual variability in cognitive control is more crucial to the relationship between risk-taking/impulsivity and outcomes than age itself. They also highlight large differences in measurement between self-report and task-based measures of cognitive control and decision-making under reward conditions, which should be considered in any studies of cognitive control.
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Schoonover KE, Dienel SJ, Lewis DA. Prefrontal cortical alterations of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in schizophrenia: Insights for rational biomarker development. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020; 3. [PMID: 32656540 PMCID: PMC7351254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, such as impaired working memory, are thought to reflect alterations in the neural circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Gamma oscillations in the DLPFC appear to be a neural corollary of working memory function, and the power of these oscillations during working memory tasks is lower in individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, gamma oscillations represent a potentially useful biomarker to index dysfunction in the DLPFC circuitry responsible for working memory in schizophrenia. Postmortem studies, by identifying the cellular basis of DLPFC dysfunction, can help inform the utility of biomarker measures obtained in vivo. Given that gamma oscillations reflect network activity of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABA neurons, we review postmortem findings of alterations to both cell types in the DLPFC and discuss how these findings might inform future biomarker development and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Samuel J Dienel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
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39
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Gerstenberg M, Furrer M, Tesler N, Franscini M, Walitza S, Huber R. Reduced sleep spindle density in adolescent patients with early-onset schizophrenia compared to major depressive disorder and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2020; 221:20-28. [PMID: 31924372 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During adolescence schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) increasingly emerge. Overlapping symptomatology during first presentation challenges the diagnostic process. Reduced sleep spindle density (SSD) was suggested as a biomarker in adults, discerning patients with schizophrenia from patients with depression or healthy controls (HC). We aimed to compare SSD in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), with MDD, and HC, and to analyse associations of SSD with symptomatology and neurocognitive measures. METHODS Automatic sleep spindle detection was performed on all-night high-density EEG (128 electrodes) data of 12 EOS, 19 MDD, and 57 HC (age range 9.8-19), allowing an age- and sex-matching of 1:2 (patients vs. HC). Severity of current symptoms and neurocognitive variables were assessed in all patients. RESULTS SSD was defined between 13.75 and 14.50 Hz as within this frequency range SSD differed between EOS vs. HC in bin by bin analyses (12-15 Hz). In EOS, SSD was lower over 27 centro-temporal electrodes compared to HC and over 9 central electrodes compared to MDD. Reduced SSD in EOS compared to MDD and HC was accompanied by a high variability of SSD in all adolescents. SSD did not differ between MDD and HC. In the pooled sample of patients, lower SSD was associated with more severe Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale total score, more impaired memory consolidation and processing speed. CONCLUSION A high variability of SSD in all adolescents may reflect the evolving character of SSD. The association of reduced SSD with the symptom dimension of impaired cognition cuts across diagnostical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gerstenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Melanie Furrer
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Tesler
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizia Franscini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Buechler R, Wotruba D, Michels L, Theodoridou A, Metzler S, Walitza S, Hänggi J, Kollias S, Rössler W, Heekeren K. Cortical Volume Differences in Subjects at Risk for Psychosis Are Driven by Surface Area. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1511-1519. [PMID: 32463880 PMCID: PMC7846193 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In subjects at risk for psychosis, the studies on gray matter volume (GMV) predominantly reported volume loss compared with healthy controls (CON). However, other important morphological measurements such as cortical surface area (CSA) and cortical thickness (CT) were not systematically compared. So far, samples mostly comprised subjects at genetic risk or at clinical risk fulfilling an ultra-high risk (UHR) criterion. No studies comparing UHR subjects with at-risk subjects showing only basic symptoms (BS) investigated the differences in CSA or CT. Therefore, we aimed to unravel the contribution of the 2 morphometrical measures constituting the cortical volume (CV) and to test whether these groups inhere different morphometric features. We conducted a surface-based morphometric analysis in 34 CON, 46 BS, and 39 UHR to examine between-group differences in CV, CSA, and CT vertex-wise across the whole cortex. Compared with BS and CON, UHR individuals presented increased CV in frontal and parietal regions, which was driven by larger CSA. These groups did not differ in CT. Yet, at-risk subjects who later developed schizophrenia showed thinning in the occipital cortex. Furthermore, BS presented increased CSA compared with CON. Our results suggest that volumetric differences in UHR subjects are driven by CSA while CV loss in converters seems to be based on cortical thinning. We attribute the larger CSA in UHR to aberrant pruning representing a vulnerability to develop psychotic symptoms reflected in different levels of vulnerability for BS and UHR, and cortical thinning to a presumably stress-related cortical decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Buechler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; UniversitätsSpital Zürich Klinik für Neuroradiologie Frauenklinikstrasse 10, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; tel: +41-44-255-56-00, fax +41-44-255-45-04, e-mail:
| | - Diana Wotruba
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Metzler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Kollias
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, LVR-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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41
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Hernández-Carballo G, Ruíz-Luna EA, López-López G, Manjarrez E, Flores-Hernández J. Changes in Serotonin Modulation of Glutamate Currents in Pyramidal Offspring Cells of Rats Treated With 5-MT during Gestation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E221. [PMID: 32276365 PMCID: PMC7225987 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in stimuli and feeding in pregnant mothers alter the behavior of offspring. Since behavior is mediated by brain activity, it is expected that postnatal changes occur at the level of currents, receptors or soma and dendrites structure and modulation. In this work, we explore at the mechanism level the effects on Sprague-Dawley rat offspring following the administration of serotonin (5-HT) agonist 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT). We analyzed whether 5-HT affects the glutamate-activated (IGlut) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated currents (IGlut, INMDA) in dissociated pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex (PFC). For this purpose, we performed voltage-clamp experiments on pyramidal neurons from layers V-VI of the PFC of 40-day-old offspring born from 5-MT-treated mothers at the gestational days (GD) 11 to 21. We found that the pyramidal-neurons from the PFC of offspring of mothers treated with 5-MT exhibit a significant increased reduction in both the IGlut and INMDA when 5-HT was administered. Our results suggest that the concentration increase of a neuromodulator during the gestation induces changes in its modulatory action over the offspring ionic currents during the adulthood thus contributing to possible psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hernández-Carballo
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla C.P.72570, Mexico; (G.H.-C.); (E.A.R.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Evelyn A. Ruíz-Luna
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla C.P.72570, Mexico; (G.H.-C.); (E.A.R.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Gustavo López-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla C.P.72570, Mexico;
| | - Elias Manjarrez
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla C.P.72570, Mexico; (G.H.-C.); (E.A.R.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Jorge Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla C.P.72570, Mexico; (G.H.-C.); (E.A.R.-L.); (E.M.)
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42
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Identification of a molecular locus for normalizing dysregulated GABA release from interneurons in the Fragile X brain. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2017-2035. [PMID: 30224722 PMCID: PMC7473840 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Principal neurons encode information by varying their firing rate and patterns precisely fine-tuned through GABAergic interneurons. Dysregulation of inhibition can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders, yet little is known about the molecular basis underlying inhibitory control. Here, we find that excessive GABA release from basket cells (BCs) attenuates the firing frequency of Purkinje neurons (PNs) in the cerebellum of Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (Fmr1) knockout (KO) mice, a model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) with abrogated expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). This over-inhibition originates from increased excitability and Ca2+ transients in the presynaptic terminals, where Kv1.2 potassium channels are downregulated. By paired patch-clamp recordings, we further demonstrate that acutely introducing an N-terminal fragment of FMRP into BCs normalizes GABA release in the Fmr1-KO synapses. Conversely, direct injection of an inhibitory FMRP antibody into BCs, or membrane depolarization of BCs, enhances GABA release in the wild type synapses, leading to abnormal inhibitory transmission comparable to the Fmr1-KO neurons. We discover that the N-terminus of FMRP directly binds to a phosphorylated serine motif on the C-terminus of Kv1.2; and that loss of this interaction in BCs exaggerates GABA release, compromising the firing activity of PNs and thus the output from the cerebellar circuitry. An allosteric Kv1.2 agonist, docosahexaenoic acid, rectifies the dysregulated inhibition in vitro as well as acoustic startle reflex and social interaction in vivo of the Fmr1-KO mice. Our results unravel a novel molecular locus for targeted intervention of FXS and perhaps autism.
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43
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Adolescent trajectories of fine motor and coordination skills and risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:263-269. [PMID: 31672386 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premorbid motor dysfunction is one of the earliest of developmental antecedents identified among individuals who develop schizophrenia in adulthood. However, among individuals with schizophrenia, premorbid motor dysfunction is not apparent at all stages of childhood development and may reduce with increasing age. Currently, little is known about the trajectories of motor development during adolescence among youth at-risk for the disorder. One hundred and one participants were assessed repeatedly, at approximately 24-month intervals (time 1, aged 9-12 years; time 2, 11-14 years; and time 3, 13-16 years), on the Purdue Pegboard assessment, comprising four subtests: Dominant Hand (DH), Non-Dominant Hand (NDH), Both Hands (BH), and Assembly. Fine motor and coordination skills development between ages 9-16 years was compared between youth characterised by a triad of developmental antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz, N = 32); youth with at least one affected relative with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (FHx; N = 26); and typically developing youth without antecedents or family history (TD, N = 43). Longitudinal mixed models for repeated measures indicated significant motor skills improvements with age in TD youth on the Assembly subtest only. Relative to TD youth, we found evidence for developmental deficits (i.e., dysfunction that emerged early and remained stable) among ASz youth on DH and BH subtests, and among FHx youth on the Assembly subtest. ASz youth were characterised by a developmental delay on the Assembly subtest (i.e., initial performance decrement in middle childhood that caught up with peers' performance during adolescence). These divergences from normative motor development may reflect differences in structural and functional neural correlates.
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44
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Wells R, Jacomb I, Swaminathan V, Sundram S, Weinberg D, Bruggemann J, Cropley V, Lenroot RK, Pereira AM, Zalesky A, Bousman C, Pantelis C, Weickert CS, Weickert TW. The Impact of Childhood Adversity on Cognitive Development in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:140-153. [PMID: 31050754 PMCID: PMC6942153 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity, such as physical, sexual, and verbal abuse, as well as neglect and family conflict, is a risk factor for schizophrenia. Such adversity can lead to disruptions of cognitive function during development, undermining intellectual capabilities and academic achievement. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with cognitive impairments that may become evident during childhood. The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank database comprises a large community cohort (N = 1169) in which we previously identified 3 distinct cognitive groups among people with schizophrenia: (1) Compromised, current, and estimated premorbid cognitive impairment; (2) Deteriorated, substantial decline from estimated premorbid function; and (3) Preserved, performing in the normal cognitive range without decline. The compromised group displayed the worst functional and symptom outcomes. Here, we extend our previous work by assessing the relationship among these categories of cognitive abilities and reported childhood adversity in 836 patients and healthy controls. Exploratory factor analysis of the Childhood Adversity Questionnaire revealed 3 factors (lack of parental involvement; overt abuse; family breakdown and hardship). People with schizophrenia reported significantly more childhood adversity than healthy controls on all items and factors. People with schizophrenia in the compromised group reported significantly more lack of parental involvement and family breakdown and hardship and lower socioeconomic status than those in the deteriorated group. The cognitive groups were not related to family history of psychosis. These findings identify specific social and family factors that impact cognition, highlighting the important role of these factors in the development of cognitive and functional abilities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Wells
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isabella Jacomb
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vaidy Swaminathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Mental Health Program, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,Molecular Psychopharmacology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Mental Health Program, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia,Molecular Psychopharmacology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Danielle Weinberg
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,Present address: Clinical Research Support Office, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rhoshel K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,Present address: School of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Avril M Pereira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Molecular Psychopharmacology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Present address: Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,Present address: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +61-02-9399-1730, fax: +61-02-9399-1034, e-mail:
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45
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Improvement in verbal learning over the first year of antipsychotic treatment is associated with serum HDL levels in a cohort of first episode psychosis patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:49-58. [PMID: 31028479 PMCID: PMC7033047 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether changes in serum lipids are associated with cognitive performance in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients during their first year of antipsychotic drug treatment. One hundred and thirty-two antipsychotic-treated FEP patients were included through the TOP study along with 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Information regarding cognitive performance, psychotic symptoms, lifestyle, body mass index, serum lipids [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides] and antipsychotic treatment was obtained at baseline and after 1 year. The cognitive test battery is comprised of assessments for verbal learning, processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, and inhibition. Mixed-effects models were used to study the relationship between changes over time in serum lipids and cognitive domains, controlling for potential confounders. There was a significant group by HDL interaction effect for verbal learning (F = 11.12, p = 0.001), where an increase in HDL levels was associated with improvement in verbal learning in FEP patients but not in HC. Practice effects, lifestyle, and psychotic symptoms did not significantly affect this relationship. Antipsychotic-treated FEP patients who increased in HDL levels during the first year of follow-up exhibited better verbal learning capacity. Further investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Differential expression of synaptic markers regulated during neurodevelopment in a rat model of schizophrenia-like behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109669. [PMID: 31228641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent reports relate synaptic alterations with disease etiology. The inbred Roman High- (RHA-I) and Low- (RLA-I) Avoidance rat strains are a congenital neurobehavioral model, with the RHA-I displaying schizophrenia-related behaviors and serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We performed a comprehensive characterization of the RHA-I/RLA-I rats by real-time qPCR and Western blotting for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, mGlu2, dopamine 1 and dopamine 2 receptors (DRD1 and DRD2), AMPA receptor subunits Gria1, Gria2 and NMDA receptor subunits Grin1, Grin2a and Grin2b, as well as pre- and post-synaptic components in PFC and hippocampus (HIP). Besides corroborating decreased mGlu2 (Grm2) expression, we found increased mRNA levels for Snap25, Synaptophysin (Syp), Homer1 and Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) in the PFC of the RHA-I and decreased expression of Vamp1, and Snapin in the HIP. We also showed alterations in Vamp1, Grin2b, Syp, Snap25 and Nrg1 at protein levels. mRNA levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were increased in the PFC of the RHA-I rats, with no differences in the HIP, while BDNF protein levels were decreased in PFC and increased in HIP. To investigate the temporal dynamics of these synaptic markers during neurodevelopment, we made use of the open source BrainCloud™ dataset, and found that SYP, GRIN2B, NRG1, HOMER1, DRD1 and BDNF expression is upregulated in PFC during childhood and adolescence, suggesting a more immature neurobiological endophenotype in the RHA-I strain.
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Okamura Y, Kawakami I, Watanabe K, Oshima K, Niizato K, Ikeda K, Akiyama H, Hasegawa M. Tau progression in single severe frontal traumatic brain injury in human brains. J Neurol Sci 2019; 407:116495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ryan AM, Berman RF, Bauman MD. Bridging the species gap in translational research for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 165:106950. [PMID: 30347236 PMCID: PMC6474835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and societal impact of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) continue to increase despite years of research in both patient populations and animal models. There remains an urgent need for translational efforts between clinical and preclinical research to (i) identify and evaluate putative causes of NDD, (ii) determine their underlying neurobiological mechanisms, (iii) develop and test novel therapeutic approaches, and (iv) translate basic research into safe and effective clinical practices. Given the complexity behind potential causes and behaviors affected by NDDs, modeling these uniquely human brain disorders in animals will require that we capitalize on unique advantages of a diverse array of species. While much NDD research has been conducted in more traditional animal models such as the mouse, ultimately, we may benefit from creating animal models with species that have a more sophisticated social behavior repertoire such as the rat (Rattus norvegicus) or species that more closely related to humans, such as the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Here, we highlight the rat and rhesus macaque models for their role in previous psychological research discoveries, current efforts to understand the neurobiology of NDDs, and focus on the convergence of behavior outcome measures that parallel features of human NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ryan
- The UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - R F Berman
- The UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - M D Bauman
- The UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States.
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Okujeni S, Egert U. Self-organization of modular network architecture by activity-dependent neuronal migration and outgrowth. eLife 2019; 8:47996. [PMID: 31526478 PMCID: PMC6783273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of neurons and activity-dependent neurite outgrowth shape long-range interaction, recurrent local connectivity and the modularity in neuronal networks. We investigated how this mesoscale architecture develops by interaction of neurite outgrowth, cell migration and activity in cultured networks of rat cortical neurons and show that simple rules can explain variations of network modularity. In contrast to theoretical studies on activity-dependent outgrowth but consistent with predictions for modular networks, spontaneous activity and the rate of synchronized bursts increased with clustering, whereas peak firing rates in bursts increased in highly interconnected homogeneous networks. As Ca2+ influx increased exponentially with increasing network recruitment during bursts, its modulation was highly correlated to peak firing rates. During network maturation, long-term estimates of Ca2+ influx showed convergence, even for highly different mesoscale architectures, neurite extent, connectivity, modularity and average activity levels, indicating homeostatic regulation towards a common set-point of Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samora Okujeni
- Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Oribe N, Hirano Y, Del Re E, Seidman LJ, Mesholam-Gately RI, Woodberry KA, Wojcik JD, Ueno T, Kanba S, Onitsuka T, Shenton ME, Goldstein JM, Niznikiewicz MA, McCarley RW, Spencer KM. Progressive reduction of auditory evoked gamma in first episode schizophrenia but not clinical high risk individuals. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:145-152. [PMID: 31005464 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The early auditory-evoked gamma band response (EAGBR) may serve as an index of the integrity of fast recurrent inhibition or synaptic connectivity in the auditory cortex, where abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia have been consistently found. The EAGBR has been rarely investigated in first episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ) and individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia, and never been compared directly between these populations nor evaluated longitudinally. Here we examined the EAGBR in FESZ, CHR, and matched healthy controls (HC) at baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments to determine whether the EAGBR was affected in these clinical groups, and whether any EAGBR abnormalities changed over time. The electroencephalogram was recorded with a dense electrode array while subjects (18 FESZ, 18 CHR, and 40 HC) performed an auditory oddball task. Event-related spectral measures (phase locking factor [PLF] and evoked power) were computed on Morlet-wavelet-transformed single epochs from the standard trials. At baseline, EAGBR PLF and evoked power did not differ between groups. FESZ showed progressive reductions of PLF and evoked power from baseline to follow-up, and deficits in PLF at follow-up compared to HC. EAGBR peak frequency also increased at temporal sites in FESZ from baseline to follow-up. Longitudinal effects on the EAGBR were not found in CHR or HC, nor did these groups differ at follow-up. In conclusion, we detected neurophysiological changes of auditory cortex function in FESZ during a one-year period, which were not observed in CHR. These findings are discussed within the context of neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oribe
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Del Re
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen A Woodberry
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne D Wojcik
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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