1
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Schroer J, Warm D, De Rosa F, Luhmann HJ, Sinning A. Activity-dependent regulation of the BAX/BCL-2 pathway protects cortical neurons from apoptotic death during early development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:175. [PMID: 37269320 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During early brain development, homeostatic removal of cortical neurons is crucial and requires multiple control mechanisms. We investigated in the cerebral cortex of mice whether the BAX/BCL-2 pathway, an important regulator of apoptosis, is part of this machinery and how electrical activity might serve as a set point of regulation. Activity is known to be a pro-survival factor; however, how this effect is translated into enhanced survival chances on a neuronal level is not fully understood. In this study, we show that caspase activity is highest at the neonatal stage, while developmental cell death peaks at the end of the first postnatal week. During the first postnatal week, upregulation of BAX is accompanied by downregulation of BCL-2 protein, resulting in a high BAX/BCL-2 ratio when neuronal death rates are high. In cultured neurons, pharmacological blockade of activity leads to an acute upregulation of Bax, while elevated activity results in a lasting increase of BCL-2 expression. Spontaneously active neurons not only exhibit lower Bax levels than inactive neurons but also show almost exclusively BCL-2 expression. Disinhibition of network activity prevents the death of neurons overexpressing activated CASP3. This neuroprotective effect is not the result of reduced caspase activity but is associated with a downregulation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Notably, increasing neuronal activity has a similar, non-additive effect as the blockade of BAX. Conclusively, high electrical activity modulates BAX/BCL-2 expression and leads to higher tolerance to CASP3 activity, increases survival, and presumably promotes non-apoptotic CASP3 functions in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schroer
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Davide Warm
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico De Rosa
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Kim T, Chen D, Hornauer P, Emmenegger V, Bartram J, Ronchi S, Hierlemann A, Schröter M, Roqueiro D. Predicting in vitro single-neuron firing rates upon pharmacological perturbation using Graph Neural Networks. Front Neuroinform 2023; 16:1032538. [PMID: 36713289 PMCID: PMC9874697 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1032538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide opportunities to study the determinants underlying the complex activity patterns of biological neuronal networks. In this study, we applied GNNs to a large-scale electrophysiological dataset of rodent primary neuronal networks obtained by means of high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs). HD-MEAs allow for long-term recording of extracellular spiking activity of individual neurons and networks and enable the extraction of physiologically relevant features at the single-neuron and population level. We employed established GNNs to generate a combined representation of single-neuron and connectivity features obtained from HD-MEA data, with the ultimate goal of predicting changes in single-neuron firing rate induced by a pharmacological perturbation. The aim of the main prediction task was to assess whether single-neuron and functional connectivity features, inferred under baseline conditions, were informative for predicting changes in neuronal activity in response to a perturbation with Bicuculline, a GABA A receptor antagonist. Our results suggest that the joint representation of node features and functional connectivity, extracted from a baseline recording, was informative for predicting firing rate changes of individual neurons after the perturbation. Specifically, our implementation of a GNN model with inductive learning capability (GraphSAGE) outperformed other prediction models that relied only on single-neuron features. We tested the generalizability of the results on two additional datasets of HD-MEA recordings-a second dataset with cultures perturbed with Bicuculline and a dataset perturbed with the GABA A receptor antagonist Gabazine. GraphSAGE models showed improved prediction accuracy over other prediction models. Our results demonstrate the added value of taking into account the functional connectivity between neurons and the potential of GNNs to study complex interactions between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dexiong Chen
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hornauer
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vishalini Emmenegger
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Bartram
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ronchi
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schröter
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Roqueiro
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Weir JS, Christiansen N, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Selective inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission alters the emergent bursting dynamics of in vitro neural networks. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1020487. [PMID: 36874945 PMCID: PMC9978115 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in vitro connect to each other and form neural networks that display emergent electrophysiological activity. This activity begins as spontaneous uncorrelated firing in the early phase of development, and as functional excitatory and inhibitory synapses mature, the activity typically emerges as spontaneous network bursts. Network bursts are events of coordinated global activation among many neurons interspersed with periods of silencing and are important for synaptic plasticity, neural information processing, and network computation. While bursting is the consequence of balanced excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) interactions, the functional mechanisms underlying their evolution from physiological to potentially pathophysiological states, such as decreasing or increasing in synchrony, are still poorly understood. Synaptic activity, especially that related to maturity of E/I synaptic transmission, is known to strongly influence these processes. In this study, we used selective chemogenetic inhibition to target and disrupt excitatory synaptic transmission in in vitro neural networks to study functional response and recovery of spontaneous network bursts over time. We found that over time, inhibition resulted in increases in both network burstiness and synchrony. Our results indicate that the disruption in excitatory synaptic transmission during early network development likely affected inhibitory synaptic maturity which resulted in an overall decrease in network inhibition at later stages. These findings lend support to the importance of E/I balance in maintaining physiological bursting dynamics and, conceivably, information processing capacity in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Shari Weir
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas Christiansen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.,Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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4
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Chini M, Pfeffer T, Hanganu-Opatz I. An increase of inhibition drives the developmental decorrelation of neural activity. eLife 2022; 11:78811. [PMID: 35975980 PMCID: PMC9448324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout development, the brain transits from early highly synchronous activity patterns to a mature state with sparse and decorrelated neural activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. The developmental transition has important functional consequences, as the latter state is thought to allow for more efficient storage, retrieval, and processing of information. Here, we show that, in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), neural activity during the first two postnatal weeks decorrelates following specific spatial patterns. This process is accompanied by a concomitant tilting of excitation-inhibition (E-I) ratio toward inhibition. Using optogenetic manipulations and neural network modeling, we show that the two phenomena are mechanistically linked, and that a relative increase of inhibition drives the decorrelation of neural activity. Accordingly, in mice mimicking the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, subtle alterations in E-I ratio are associated with specific impairments in the correlational structure of spike trains. Finally, capitalizing on EEG data from newborn babies, we show that an analogous developmental transition takes place also in the human brain. Thus, changes in E-I ratio control the (de)correlation of neural activity and, by these means, its developmental imbalance might contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeffer
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ileana Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Warm D, Bassetti D, Schroer J, Luhmann HJ, Sinning A. Spontaneous Activity Predicts Survival of Developing Cortical Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937761. [PMID: 36035995 PMCID: PMC9399774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity plays a crucial role in brain development by coordinating the integration of immature neurons into emerging cortical networks. High levels and complex patterns of spontaneous activity are generally associated with low rates of apoptosis in the cortex. However, whether spontaneous activity patterns directly encode for survival of individual cortical neurons during development remains an open question. Here, we longitudinally investigated spontaneous activity and apoptosis in developing cortical cultures, combining extracellular electrophysiology with calcium imaging. These experiments demonstrated that the early occurrence of calcium transients was strongly linked to neuronal survival. Silent neurons exhibited a higher probability of cell death, whereas high frequency spiking and burst behavior were almost exclusively detected in surviving neurons. In local neuronal clusters, activity of neighboring neurons exerted a pro-survival effect, whereas on the functional level, networks with a high modular topology were associated with lower cell death rates. Using machine learning algorithms, cell fate of individual neurons was predictable through the integration of spontaneous activity features. Our results indicate that high frequency spiking activity constrains apoptosis in single neurons through sustained calcium rises and thereby consolidates networks in which a high modular topology is reached during early development.
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6
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Shokoohimehr P, Cepkenovic B, Milos F, Bednár J, Hassani H, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A. High-Aspect-Ratio Nanoelectrodes Enable Long-Term Recordings of Neuronal Signals with Subthreshold Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200053. [PMID: 35527345 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The further development of neurochips requires high-density and high-resolution recordings that also allow neuronal signals to be observed over a long period of time. Expanding fields of network neuroscience and neuromorphic engineering demand the multiparallel and direct estimations of synaptic weights, and the key objective is to construct a device that also records subthreshold events. Recently, 3D nanostructures with a high aspect ratio have become a particularly suitable interface between neurons and electronic devices, since the excellent mechanical coupling to the neuronal cell membrane allows very high signal-to-noise ratio recordings. In the light of an increasing demand for a stable, noninvasive and long-term recording at subthreshold resolution, a combination of vertical nanostraws with nanocavities is presented. These structures provide a spontaneous tight coupling with rat cortical neurons, resulting in high amplitude sensitivity and postsynaptic resolution capability, as directly confirmed by combined patch-clamp and microelectrode array measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Shokoohimehr
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bogdana Cepkenovic
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frano Milos
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus Bednár
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hossein Hassani
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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7
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Hamad MIK, Petrova P, Daoud S, Rabaya O, Jbara A, Melliti N, Leifeld J, Jakovčevski I, Reiss G, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin restricts dendritic growth of interneurons in the neocortex. Development 2021; 148:272055. [PMID: 34414407 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration, lamination and establishment of dendritic architecture in the embryonic brain. Reelin expression switches postnatally from Cajal-Retzius cells to interneurons. However, reelin function in interneuron development is still poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the role of reelin in interneuron development in the postnatal neocortex. To preclude early cortical migration defects caused by reelin deficiency, we employed a conditional reelin knockout (RelncKO) mouse to induce postnatal reelin deficiency. Induced reelin deficiency caused dendritic hypertrophy in distal dendritic segments of neuropeptide Y-positive (NPY+) and calretinin-positive (Calr+) interneurons, and in proximal dendritic segments of parvalbumin-positive (Parv+) interneurons. Chronic recombinant Reelin treatment rescued dendritic hypertrophy in Relncko interneurons. Moreover, we provide evidence that RelncKO interneuron hypertrophy is due to presynaptic GABABR dysfunction. Thus, GABABRs in RelncKO interneurons were unable to block N-type (Cav2.2) Ca2+ channels that control neurotransmitter release. Consequently, the excessive Ca2+ influx through AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, caused interneuron dendritic hypertrophy. These findings suggest that reelin acts as a 'stop-growth-signal' for postnatal interneuron maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I K Hamad
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Nesrine Melliti
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Jennifer Leifeld
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovčevski
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
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8
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Lee EK, Balasubramanian H, Tsolias A, Anakwe SU, Medalla M, Shenoy KV, Chandrasekaran C. Non-linear dimensionality reduction on extracellular waveforms reveals cell type diversity in premotor cortex. eLife 2021; 10:e67490. [PMID: 34355695 PMCID: PMC8452311 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuits are thought to contain a large number of cell types that coordinate to produce behavior. Current in vivo methods rely on clustering of specified features of extracellular waveforms to identify putative cell types, but these capture only a small amount of variation. Here, we develop a new method (WaveMAP) that combines non-linear dimensionality reduction with graph clustering to identify putative cell types. We apply WaveMAP to extracellular waveforms recorded from dorsal premotor cortex of macaque monkeys performing a decision-making task. Using WaveMAP, we robustly establish eight waveform clusters and show that these clusters recapitulate previously identified narrow- and broad-spiking types while revealing previously unknown diversity within these subtypes. The eight clusters exhibited distinct laminar distributions, characteristic firing rate patterns, and decision-related dynamics. Such insights were weaker when using feature-based approaches. WaveMAP therefore provides a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of cell types in cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kenji Lee
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Hymavathy Balasubramanian
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Chandramouli Chandrasekaran
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
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9
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Wong Fong Sang IE, Schroer J, Halbhuber L, Warm D, Yang JW, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W, Sinning A. Optogenetically Controlled Activity Pattern Determines Survival Rate of Developing Neocortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6575. [PMID: 34205237 PMCID: PMC8235092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial proportion of neurons undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis) during early development. This process is attenuated by increased levels of neuronal activity and enhanced by suppression of activity. To uncover whether the mere level of activity or also the temporal structure of electrical activity affects neuronal death rates, we optogenetically controlled spontaneous activity of synaptically-isolated neurons in developing cortical cultures. Our results demonstrate that action potential firing of primary cortical neurons promotes neuronal survival throughout development. Chronic patterned optogenetic stimulation allowed to effectively modulate the firing pattern of single neurons in the absence of synaptic inputs while maintaining stable overall activity levels. Replacing the burst firing pattern with a non-physiological, single pulse pattern significantly increased cell death rates as compared to physiological burst stimulation. Furthermore, physiological burst stimulation led to an elevated peak in intracellular calcium and an increase in the expression level of classical activity-dependent targets but also decreased Bax/BCL-2 expression ratio and reduced caspase 3/7 activity. In summary, these results demonstrate at the single-cell level that the temporal pattern of action potentials is critical for neuronal survival versus cell death fate during cortical development, besides the pro-survival effect of action potential firing per se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.E.W.F.S.); (J.S.); (L.H.); (D.W.); (J.-W.Y.); (H.J.L.); (W.K.)
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10
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Kim B, Im HI. Chronic nicotine impairs sparse motor learning via striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12956. [PMID: 32767546 PMCID: PMC8243919 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine can diversely affect neural activity and motor learning in animals. However, the impact of chronic nicotine on striatal activity in vivo and motor learning at long-term sparse timescale remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that chronic nicotine persistently suppresses the activity of striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons, which mediate nicotine-induced deficit in sparse motor learning. Six weeks of longitudinal in vivo single-unit recording revealed that mice show reduced activity of fast-spiking interneurons in the dorsal striatum during chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal. The reduced firing of fast-spiking interneurons was accompanied by spike broadening, diminished striatal delta oscillation power, and reduced sample entropy in local field potential. In addition, chronic nicotine withdrawal impaired motor learning with a weekly sparse training regimen but did not affect general locomotion and anxiety-like behavior. Lastly, the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq-mediated activation of striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons reversed the chronic nicotine withdrawal-induced deficit in sparse motor learning. Taken together, we identified that chronic nicotine withdrawal impairs sparse motor learning via disruption of activity in striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons. These findings suggest that sparse motor learning paradigm can reveal the subtle effect of nicotine withdrawal on motor function and that striatal fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons are a neural substrate of nicotine's effect on motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baeksun Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia (DTC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heh-In Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia (DTC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ronchi S, Buccino AP, Prack G, Kumar SS, Schröter M, Fiscella M, Hierlemann A. Electrophysiological Phenotype Characterization of Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Cell Lines by Means of High-Density Microelectrode Arrays. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000223. [PMID: 33729694 PMCID: PMC7610355 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of cellular reprogramming have opened a route to studying the fundamental mechanisms underlying common neurological disorders. High-density microelectrode-arrays (HD-MEAs) provide unprecedented means to study neuronal physiology at different scales, ranging from network through single-neuron to subcellular features. In this work, HD-MEAs are used in vitro to characterize and compare human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived dopaminergic and motor neurons, including isogenic neuronal lines modeling Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Reproducible electrophysiological network, single-cell and subcellular metrics are used for phenotype characterization and drug testing. Metrics, such as burst shape and axonal velocity, enable the distinction of healthy and diseased neurons. The HD-MEA metrics can also be used to detect the effects of dosing the drug retigabine to human motor neurons. Finally, it is shown that the ability to detect drug effects and the observed culture-to-culture variability critically depend on the number of available recording electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ronchi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Paolo Buccino
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Prack
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Sreedhar Saseendran Kumar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schröter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Michele Fiscella
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- MaxWell Biosystems AG, Albisriederstrasse 253, Zürich, 8047, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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12
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Hamad MIK, Jbara A, Rabaya O, Petrova P, Daoud S, Melliti N, Meseke M, Lutz D, Petrasch-Parwez E, Schwitalla JC, Mark MD, Herlitze S, Reiss G, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin signaling modulates GABA B receptor function in the neocortex. J Neurochem 2021; 156:589-603. [PMID: 32083308 PMCID: PMC7442713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is a protein that is best known for its role in controlling neuronal layer formation in the developing cortex. Here, we studied its role for post-natal cortical network function, which is poorly explored. To preclude early cortical migration defects caused by Reelin deficiency, we used a conditional Reelin knock-out (RelncKO ) mouse, and induced Reelin deficiency post-natally. Induced Reelin deficiency caused hyperexcitability of the neocortical network in vitro and ex vivo. Blocking Reelin binding to its receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR resulted in a similar effect. Hyperexcitability in RelncKO organotypic slice cultures could be rescued by co-culture with wild-type organotypic slice cultures. Moreover, the GABAB receptor (GABAB R) agonist baclofen failed to activate and the antagonist CGP35348 failed to block GABAB Rs in RelncKO mice. Immunolabeling of RelncKO cortical slices revealed a reduction in GABAB R1 and GABAB R2 surface expression at the plasma membrane and western blot of RelncKO cortical tissue revealed decreased phosphorylation of the GABAB R2 subunit at serine 892 and increased phosphorylation at serine 783, reflecting receptor deactivation and proteolysis. These data show a role of Reelin in controlling early network activity, by modulating GABAB R function. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I K Hamad
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Herdecke University, Witten, Witten
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nesrine Melliti
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maurice Meseke
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Petrasch-Parwez
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Herdecke University, Witten, Witten
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Tseng HA, Han X. Distinct Spiking Patterns of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons and LFP Oscillations in Prefrontal Cortex During Sensory Discrimination. Front Physiol 2021; 12:618307. [PMID: 33679434 PMCID: PMC7928411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.618307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) are broadly linked to various aspects of behavior. During sensory discrimination, PFC neurons can encode a range of task related information, including the identity of sensory stimuli and related behavioral outcome. However, it remains largely unclear how different neuron subtypes and local field potential (LFP) oscillation features in the mouse PFC are modulated during sensory discrimination. To understand how excitatory and inhibitory PFC neurons are selectively engaged during sensory discrimination and how their activity relates to LFP oscillations, we used tetrode recordings to probe well-isolated individual neurons, and LFP oscillations, in mice performing a three-choice auditory discrimination task. We found that a majority of PFC neurons, 78% of the 711 recorded individual neurons, exhibited sensory discrimination related responses that are context and task dependent. Using spike waveforms, we classified these responsive neurons into putative excitatory neurons with broad waveforms or putative inhibitory neurons with narrow waveforms, and found that both neuron subtypes were transiently modulated, with individual neurons' responses peaking throughout the entire duration of the trial. While the number of responsive excitatory neurons remain largely constant throughout the trial, an increasing fraction of inhibitory neurons were gradually recruited as the trial progressed. Further examination of the coherence between individual neurons and LFPs revealed that inhibitory neurons exhibit higher spike-field coherence with LFP oscillations than excitatory neurons during all aspects of the trial and across multiple frequency bands. Together, our results demonstrate that PFC excitatory neurons are continuously engaged during sensory discrimination, whereas PFC inhibitory neurons are increasingly recruited as the trial progresses and preferentially coordinated with LFP oscillations. These results demonstrate increasing involvement of inhibitory neurons in shaping the overall PFC dynamics toward the completion of the sensory discrimination task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-an Tseng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xue Han
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Jones PD, Moskalyuk A, Barthold C, Gutöhrlein K, Heusel G, Schröppel B, Samba R, Giugliano M. Low-Impedance 3D PEDOT:PSS Ultramicroelectrodes. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:405. [PMID: 32508562 PMCID: PMC7248397 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology for producing microelectrode arrays (MEAs) has been developing since the 1970s and extracellular electrophysiological recordings have become well established in neuroscience, drug screening and cardiology. MEAs allow monitoring of long-term spiking activity of large ensembles of excitable cells noninvasively with high temporal resolution and mapping its spatial features. However, their inability to register subthreshold potentials, such as intrinsic membrane oscillations and synaptic potentials, has inspired a number of laboratories to search for alternatives to bypass the restrictions and/or increase the sensitivity of microelectrodes. In this study, we present the fabrication and in vitro experimental validation of arrays of PEDOT:PSS-coated 3D ultramicroelectrodes, with the best-reported combination of small size and low electrochemical impedance. We observed that this type of microelectrode does not alter neuronal network biological properties, improves the signal quality of extracellular recordings and exhibits higher selectivity toward single unit recordings. With fabrication processes simpler than those reported in the literature for similar electrodes, our technology is a promising tool for study of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Jones
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Moskalyuk
- Theoretical Neurobiology & Neuroengineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Clemens Barthold
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- joimax GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katja Gutöhrlein
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Bosch Sensortec GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Heusel
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schröppel
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Samba
- NMI Technologietransfer GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology & Neuroengineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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15
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Wickham J, Corna A, Schwarz N, Uysal B, Layer N, Honegger JB, Wuttke TV, Koch H, Zeck G. Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Induces Neuronal Excitability Changes in Resected Human Neocortical and Hippocampal Brain Slices. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:283. [PMID: 32372899 PMCID: PMC7186381 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) has proven advantageous over conventional medium for culturing both rodent and human brain tissue. In addition, increased activity and synchrony, closer to the dynamic states exclusively recorded in vivo, were reported in rodent slices and cell cultures switching from artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) to hCSF. This indicates that hCSF possesses properties that are not matched by the aCSF, which is generally used for most electrophysiological recordings. To evaluate the possible significance of using hCSF as an electrophysiological recording medium, also for human brain tissue, we compared the network and single-cell firing properties of human brain slice cultures during perfusion with hCSF and aCSF. For measuring the overall activity from a majority of neurons within neocortical and hippocampal human slices, we used a microelectrode array (MEA) recording technique with 252 electrodes covering an area of 3.2 × 3.2 mm2. A second CMOS-based MEA with 4225 sensors on a 2 × 2 mm2 area was used for detailed mapping of action potential waveforms and cell identification. We found that hCSF increased the number of active electrodes and neurons and the firing rate of the neurons in the slices and induced an increase in the numbers of single channel and population bursts. Interestingly, not only an increase in the overall activity in the slices was observed, but a reconfiguration of the network could also be detected with specific activation and inactivation of subpopulations of neuronal ensembles. In conclusion, hCSF is an important component to consider for future human brain slice studies, especially for experiments designed to mimic parts of physiology and disease observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wickham
- Neurophysics, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Corna
- Neurophysics, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Graduate School of Neural Information Processing/International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Betül Uysal
- Graduate School of Neural Information Processing/International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolas Layer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas V. Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Günther Zeck
- Neurophysics, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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16
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Valeeva G, Janackova S, Nasretdinov A, Rychkova V, Makarov R, Holmes GL, Khazipov R, Lenck-Santini PP. Emergence of Coordinated Activity in the Developing Entorhinal-Hippocampal Network. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:906-920. [PMID: 30535003 PMCID: PMC6319314 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlated activity in the entorhinal–hippocampal neuronal networks, supported by oscillatory and intermittent population activity patterns is critical for learning and memory. However, when and how correlated activity emerges in these networks during development remains largely unknown. Here, we found that during the first postnatal week in non-anaesthetized head-restrained rats, activity in the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and hippocampus was highly correlated, with intermittent population bursts in the MEC followed by early sharp waves (eSPWs) in the hippocampus. Neurons in the superficial MEC layers fired before neurons in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1. eSPW current-source density profiles indicated that perforant/temporoammonic entorhinal inputs and intrinsic hippocampal connections are co-activated during entorhinal–hippocampal activity bursts. Finally, a majority of the entorhinal–hippocampal bursts were triggered by spontaneous myoclonic body movements, characteristic of the neonatal period. Thus, during the neonatal period, activity in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus is highly synchronous, with the EC leading hippocampal activation. We propose that such correlated activity is embedded into a large-scale bottom-up circuit that processes somatosensory feedback resulting from neonatal movements, and that it is likely to instruct the development of connections between neocortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Valeeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sona Janackova
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Azat Nasretdinov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Roman Makarov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Roustem Khazipov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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17
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Negri J, Menon V, Young-Pearse TL. Assessment of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity In Vitro Using Multi-Well Multi-Electrode Arrays: Implications for Assay Development. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0080-19.2019. [PMID: 31896559 PMCID: PMC6984810 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0080-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are being more widely used by researchers as an instrument platform for monitoring prolonged, non-destructive recordings of spontaneously firing neurons in vitro for applications in modeling Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and many other diseases of the human CNS. With the more widespread use of these instruments, there is a need to examine the prior art of studies utilizing MEAs and delineate best practices for data acquisition and analysis to avoid errors in interpretation of the resultant data. Using a dataset of recordings from primary rat (Rattus norvegicus) cortical cultures, methods and statistical power for discerning changes in neuronal activity on the array level are examined. Further, a method for unsupervised spike sorting is implemented, allowing for the resolution of action potential incidents down to the single neuron level. Following implementation of spike sorting, the dynamics of firing frequency across populations of individual neurons and networks are examined longitudinally. Finally, the ability to detect a frequency independent phenotype, the change in action potential amplitude, is demonstrated through the use of pore-forming neurotoxin treatments. Taken together, this study provides guidance and tools for users wishing to incorporate multi-well MEA usage into their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Negri
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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18
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Djemil S, Chen X, Zhang Z, Lee J, Rauf M, Pak DTS, Dzakpasu R. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induces potentiation and synchronization within in vitro hippocampal networks. J Neurochem 2019; 153:468-484. [PMID: 31821553 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are known to play a role in cognitive functions of the hippocampus, such as memory consolidation. Given that they conduct Ca2+ and are capable of regulating the release of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the hippocampus, thereby shifting the excitatory-inhibitory ratio, we hypothesized that the activation of nAChRs will result in the potentiation of hippocampal networks and alter synchronization. We used nicotine as a tool to investigate the impact of activation of nAChRs on neuronal network dynamics in primary embryonic rat hippocampal cultures prepared from timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. We perturbed cultured hippocampal networks with increasing concentrations of bath-applied nicotine and performed network extracellular recordings of action potentials using a microelectrode array. We found that nicotine modulated network dynamics in a concentration-dependent manner; it enhanced firing of action potentials as well as facilitated bursting activity. In addition, we used pharmacological agents to determine the contributions of discrete nAChR subtypes to the observed network dynamics. We found that β4-containing nAChRs are necessary for the observed increases in spiking, bursting, and synchrony, while the activation of α7 nAChRs augments nicotine-mediated network potentiation but is not necessary for its manifestation. We also observed that antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) partially blocked the effects of nicotine. Furthermore, nicotine exposure promoted autophosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and serine 831 phosphorylation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1. These results suggest that nicotinic receptors induce potentiation and synchronization of hippocampal networks and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Findings from this work highlight the impact of cholinergic signaling in generating network-wide potentiation in the form of enhanced spiking and bursting dynamics that coincide with molecular correlates of memory such as increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and GluA1. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Djemil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikael Rauf
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel T S Pak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rhonda Dzakpasu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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19
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Halbhuber L, Achtner C, Luhmann HJ, Sinning A, Kilb W. Coincident Activation of Glutamate Receptors Enhances GABA A Receptor-Induced Ionic Plasticity of the Intracellular Cl --Concentration in Dissociated Neuronal Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:497. [PMID: 31787883 PMCID: PMC6856009 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive activation of γ-amino butyric acid A (GABAA) receptors during pathophysiological activity induces an increase in the intracellular Cl--concentration ([Cl-]i), which is sufficient to render GABAergic responses excitatory. However, to what extent physiological levels of GABAergic activity can influence [Cl-]i is not known. Aim of the present study is to reveal whether moderate activation of GABAA receptors mediates functionally relevant [Cl-]i changes and whether these changes can be augmented by coincident glutamatergic activity. To address these questions, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured cortical neurons [at days in vitro (DIV) 6-22] to determine changes in the GABA reversal potential (EGABA) induced by short bursts of GABAergic and/or synchronized glutamatergic stimulation. These experiments revealed that pressure-application of 10 short muscimol pulses at 10 Hz induced voltage-dependent [Cl-]i changes. Under current-clamp conditions this muscimol burst induced a [Cl-]i increase of 3.1 ± 0.4 mM (n = 27), which was significantly enhanced to 4.6 ± 0.5 mM (n = 27) when glutamate was applied synchronously with the muscimol pulses. The muscimol-induced [Cl-]i increase significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of GABA, as determined by the GABAergic rheobase shift. The synchronous coapplication of glutamate pulses had no additional effect on the attenuation of GABAergic inhibition, despite the larger [Cl-]i transients under these conditions. In summary, these results indicate that moderate GABAergic activity can induce functionally relevant [Cl-]i transients, which were enhanced by coincident glutamate pulses. This ionic plasticity of [Cl-]i may contribute to short-term plasticity of the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Halbhuber
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cécilia Achtner
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Rodríguez AR, O'Neill KM, Swiatkowski P, Patel MV, Firestein BL. Overexpression of cypin alters dendrite morphology, single neuron activity, and network properties via distinct mechanisms. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:016020. [PMID: 29091046 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect that overexpression of cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin), a regulator of synaptic PSD-95 protein localization and a core regulator of dendrite branching, exerts on the electrical activity of rat hippocampal neurons and networks. APPROACH We cultured rat hippocampal neurons and used lipid-mediated transfection and lentiviral gene transfer to achieve high levels of cypin or cypin mutant (cypinΔPDZ; PSD-95 non-binding) expression cellularly and network-wide, respectively. MAIN RESULTS Our analysis revealed that although overexpression of cypin and cypinΔPDZ increase dendrite numbers and decrease spine density, cypin and cypinΔPDZ distinctly regulate neuronal activity. At the single cell level, cypin promotes decreases in bursting activity while cypinΔPDZ reduces sEPSC frequency and further decreases bursting compared to cypin. At the network level, by using the Fano factor as a measure of spike count variability, cypin overexpression results in an increase in variability of spike count, and this effect is abolished when cypin cannot bind PSD-95. This variability is also dependent on baseline activity levels and on mean spike rate over time. Finally, our spike sorting data show that overexpression of cypin results in a more complex distribution of spike waveforms and that binding to PSD-95 is essential for this complexity. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that dendrite morphology does not play a major role in cypin action on electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Rodríguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
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21
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Calatayud C, Carola G, Fernández-Carasa I, Valtorta M, Jiménez-Delgado S, Díaz M, Soriano-Fradera J, Cappelletti G, García-Sancho J, Raya Á, Consiglio A. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of a tyrosine hydroxylase reporter iPSC line for live imaging and isolation of dopaminergic neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6811. [PMID: 31048719 PMCID: PMC6497635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease (PD), and might provide novel platforms for systematic drug screening. Several strategies have been developed to generate iPSC-derived tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons (DAn), the clinically relevant cell type in PD; however, they often result in mixed neuronal cultures containing only a small proportion of TH-positive DAn. To overcome this limitation, we used CRISPR/Cas9-based editing to generate a human iPSC line expressing a fluorescent protein (mOrange) knocked-in at the last exon of the TH locus. After differentiation of the TH-mOrange reporter iPSC line, we confirmed that mOrange expression faithfully mimicked endogenous TH expression in iPSC-derived DAn. We also employed calcium imaging techniques to determine the intrinsic functional differences between dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic ventral midbrain neurons. Crucially, the brightness of mOrange allowed direct visualization of TH-expressing cells in heterogeneous cultures, and enabled us to isolate live mOrange-positive cells through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, for further differentiation. This technique, coupled to refined imaging and data processing tools, could advance the investigation of PD pathogenesis and might offer a platform to test potential new therapeutics for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Carola
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Valtorta
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Díaz
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Soriano-Fradera
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Avinguda de la Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Javier García-Sancho
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain. .,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121, Brescia, Italy.
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22
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Jia X, Siegle JH, Bennett C, Gale SD, Denman DJ, Koch C, Olsen SR. High-density extracellular probes reveal dendritic backpropagation and facilitate neuron classification. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1831-1847. [PMID: 30840526 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different neuron types serve distinct roles in neural processing. Extracellular electrical recordings are extensively used to study brain function but are typically blind to cell identity. Morphoelectrical properties of neurons measured on spatially dense electrode arrays have the potential to distinguish neuron types. We used high-density silicon probes to record from cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain. Extracellular waveforms of each neuron were detected across many channels and showed distinct spatiotemporal profiles among brain regions. Classification of neurons by brain region was improved with multichannel compared with single-channel waveforms. In visual cortex, unsupervised clustering identified the canonical regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) classes but also indicated a subclass of RS units with unidirectional backpropagating action potentials (BAPs). Moreover, BAPs were observed in many hippocampal RS cells. Overall, waveform analysis of spikes from high-density probes aids neuron identification and can reveal dendritic backpropagation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is challenging to identify neuron types with extracellular electrophysiology in vivo. We show that spatiotemporal action potentials measured on high-density electrode arrays can capture cell type-specific morphoelectrical properties, allowing classification of neurons across brain structures and within the cortex. Moreover, backpropagating action potentials are reliably detected in vivo from subpopulations of cortical and hippocampal neurons. Together, these results enhance the utility of dense extracellular electrophysiology for cell-type interrogation of brain network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Samuel D Gale
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
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23
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Quinlan MAL, Strong VM, Skinner DM, Martin GM, Harley CW, Walling SG. Locus Coeruleus Optogenetic Light Activation Induces Long-Term Potentiation of Perforant Path Population Spike Amplitude in Rat Dentate Gyrus. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 12:67. [PMID: 30687027 PMCID: PMC6333706 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) in dentate gyrus (DG) produces NE-dependent long-term potentiation (NE-LTP) of the perforant path-evoked potential population spike both in vitro and in vivo. Chemical activators infused near locus coeruleus (LC), the source of DG NE, produce a NE-LTP that is associative, i.e., requires concurrent pairing with perforant path (PP) input. Here, we ask if LC optogenetic stimulation that allows us to activate only LC neurons can induce NE-LTP in DG. We use an adeno-associated viral vector containing a depolarizing channel (AAV8-Ef1a-DIO-eChR2(h134r)-EYFP-WPRE) infused stereotaxically into the LC of TH:Cre rats to produce light-sensitive LC neurons. A co-localization of ~62% in LC neurons was observed for these channels. Under urethane anesthesia, we demonstrated that 5-10 s 10 Hz trains of 30 ms light pulses in LC reliably activated neurons near an LC optoprobe. Ten minutes of the same train paired with 0.1 Hz PP electrical stimulation produced a delayed NE-LTP of population spike amplitude, but not EPSP slope. A leftward shift in the population spike input/output curve at the end of the experiment was also consistent with long-term population spike potentiation. LC neuron activity during the 10 min light train was unexpectedly transient. Increased LC neuronal firing was seen only for the first 2 min of the light train. NE-LTP was more delayed and less robust than reported with LC chemo-activation. Previous estimates of LC axonal conduction times suggest acute release of NE occurs 40-70 ms after an LC neuron action potential. We used single LC light pulses to examine acute effects of NE release and found potentiated population spike amplitude when a light pulse in LC occurred 40-50 ms, but not 20-30 ms, prior to a PP pulse, consistent with conduction estimates. These effects of LC optogenetic activation reinforce evidence for a continuum of NE potentiation effects in DG. The single pulse effects mirror an earlier report using LC electrical stimulation. These acute effects support an attentional role of LC activation. The LTP of PP responses induced by optogenetic LC activation is consistent with the role of LC in long-term learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn W. Harley
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Susan G. Walling
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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24
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Gelfman S, Wang Q, Lu YF, Hall D, Bostick CD, Dhindsa R, Halvorsen M, McSweeney KM, Cotterill E, Edinburgh T, Beaumont MA, Frankel WN, Petrovski S, Allen AS, Boland MJ, Goldstein DB, Eglen SJ. meaRtools: An R package for the analysis of neuronal networks recorded on microelectrode arrays. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006506. [PMID: 30273353 PMCID: PMC6181426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present an open-source R package 'meaRtools' that provides a platform for analyzing neuronal networks recorded on Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs). Cultured neuronal networks monitored with MEAs are now being widely used to characterize in vitro models of neurological disorders and to evaluate pharmaceutical compounds. meaRtools provides core algorithms for MEA spike train analysis, feature extraction, statistical analysis and plotting of multiple MEA recordings with multiple genotypes and treatments. meaRtools functionality covers novel solutions for spike train analysis, including algorithms to assess electrode cross-correlation using the spike train tiling coefficient (STTC), mutual information, synchronized bursts and entropy within cultured wells. Also integrated is a solution to account for bursts variability originating from mixed-cell neuronal cultures. The package provides a statistical platform built specifically for MEA data that can combine multiple MEA recordings and compare extracted features between different genetic models or treatments. We demonstrate the utilization of meaRtools to successfully identify epilepsy-like phenotypes in neuronal networks from Celf4 knockout mice. The package is freely available under the GPL license (GPL> = 3) and is updated frequently on the CRAN web-server repository. The package, along with full documentation can be downloaded from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/meaRtools/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Quanli Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Diana Hall
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Bostick
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Dhindsa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matt Halvorsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - K. Melodi McSweeney
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ellese Cotterill
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Edinburgh
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Beaumont
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Axion BioSystems, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Allen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Eglen
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Blanquie O, Liebmann L, Hübner CA, Luhmann HJ, Sinning A. NKCC1-Mediated GABAergic Signaling Promotes Postnatal Cell Death in Neocortical Cajal-Retzius Cells. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1644-1659. [PMID: 26819276 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development, a substantial proportion of central neurons undergoes programmed cell death. This activity-dependent process is essential for the proper structural and functional development of the brain. To uncover cell type-specific differences in the regulation of neuronal survival versus apoptosis, we studied activity-regulated cell death in Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRNs) and the overall neuronal population in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. CRNs in the upper neocortical layer represent an early-born neuronal population, which is important for cortical development and largely disappears by apoptosis during neonatal stages. In contrast to the overall neuronal population, activity blockade with tetrodotoxin improved survival of CRNs in culture. Activation of GABAA receptors also blocked spontaneous activity and caused overall cell death including apoptosis of CRNs. Blockade of the Na-K-Cl transporter NKCC1 in vitro or its genetic deletion in vivo rescued CRNs from apoptosis. This effect was mediated by blockade of the p75NTR receptor signaling pathway. In summary, we discovered a novel developmental death pathway mediated by NKCC1, via GABAA receptor-mediated membrane depolarization and p75NTR signaling in CRNs. This pathway controls apoptosis of CRNs and may be critically involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Blanquie
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Liebmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Activity-Dependent Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Release Is Required for the Rapid Antidepressant Actions of Scopolamine. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:29-37. [PMID: 28751069 PMCID: PMC5705490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Recent clinical studies demonstrate that scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects in patients with depression. Rodent studies demonstrate that scopolamine increases glutamate transmission and synaptogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here we tested the hypothesis that activity-dependent BDNF release within the mPFC is necessary for the antidepressant actions of scopolamine. METHODS Behavioral effects of scopolamine were assessed in BDNF Val/Met knock-in mice, in which BDNF processing and release are impaired. In addition, intra-mPFC infusion of a BDNF-neutralizing antibody was performed to test the necessity of BDNF release in driving scopolamine-induced behavioral responses. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to delineate BDNF-dependent mechanisms underlying the effects of scopolamine. RESULTS We found that BDNF Met/Met mice have attenuated responses to scopolamine and that anti-BDNF antibody infusions into the mPFC prevented the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of scopolamine. In vitro experiments show that scopolamine rapidly stimulates BDNF release and tropomyosin receptor kinase B-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Moreover, these effects require alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor activation and are blocked by neuronal silencing. Importantly, pretreatment with verapamil prevented scopolamine-induced behavioral responses and BDNF-tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling, suggesting that these effects are dependent on activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels. CONCLUSIONS The results identify an essential role for activity-dependent BDNF release in the rapid antidepressant effects of scopolamine. Attenuation of responses in BDNF Met mice indicates that patients with the Met allele may be less responsive to scopolamine.
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27
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Dingemans MM, Schütte MG, Wiersma DM, de Groot A, van Kleef RG, Wijnolts FM, Westerink RH. Chronic 14-day exposure to insecticides or methylmercury modulates neuronal activity in primary rat cortical cultures. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Deligkaris K, Bullmann T, Frey U. Extracellularly Recorded Somatic and Neuritic Signal Shapes and Classification Algorithms for High-Density Microelectrode Array Electrophysiology. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:421. [PMID: 27683541 PMCID: PMC5021702 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEA) have been recently introduced to study principles of neural function at high spatial resolution. However, the exact nature of the experimentally observed extracellular action potentials (EAPs) is still incompletely understood. The soma, axon and dendrites of a neuron can all exhibit regenerative action potentials that could be sensed with HDMEA electrodes. Here, we investigate the contribution of distinct neuronal sources of activity in HDMEA recordings from low-density neuronal cultures. We recorded EAPs with HDMEAs having 11,011 electrodes and then fixed and immunostained the cultures with β3-tubulin for high-resolution fluorescence imaging. Immunofluorescence images overlaid with the activity maps showed EAPs both at neuronal somata and distal neurites. Neuritic EAPs had mostly narrow triphasic shapes, consisting of a positive, a pronounced negative peak and a second positive peak. EAPs near somata had wide monophasic or biphasic shapes with a main negative peak, and following optional positive peak. We show that about 86% of EAP recordings consist of somatic spikes, while the remaining 14% represent neuritic spikes. Furthermore, the adaptation of the waveform shape during bursts of these neuritic spikes suggested that they originate from axons, rather than from dendrites. Our study improves the understanding of HDMEA signals and can aid in the identification of the source of EAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Deligkaris
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, RIKENKobe, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | | | - Urs Frey
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, RIKENKobe, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH ZurichBasel, Switzerland
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29
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Lepack AE, Bang E, Lee B, Dwyer JM, Duman RS. Fast-acting antidepressants rapidly stimulate ERK signaling and BDNF release in primary neuronal cultures. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:242-252. [PMID: 27634096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that three functionally different compounds, the NMDA receptor channel blocker ketamine, mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495, and NMDA receptor glycine site agent GLYX-13 produce rapid and long lasting antidepressant effects. Furthermore, these agents are reported to stimulate ERK and mTORC1 signaling in brain. Here we used rat primary cortical culture neurons to further examine the cellular actions of these agents. The results demonstrate that low concentrations of all three compounds rapidly increase levels of the phosphorylated and activated forms of ERK and a downstream target of mTORC1, p70S6 kinase, in a concentration and time dependent manner. In addition, each compound rapidly increases BDNF release into the culture media. Further studies demonstrate that induction of BDNF release, as well as stimulation of phospho-ERK is blocked by incubation with an AMPA receptor antagonist. The requirement for AMPA receptor stimulation suggests that the effects of these rapid agents are activity dependent. This possibility is supported by studies demonstrating that neuronal silencing, via incubation with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol, completely blocks phospho-ERK and BDNF release by each agent. Finally, incubation with each drug for 24 h increases the number and length of neuronal branches. Together, the results demonstrate that these three different rapid acting antidepressant agents increase ERK signaling and BDNF release in an activity dependent manner that leads to increased neuronal complexity. Further studies will be required to determine the exact mechanisms underlying these effects in cultured neurons and in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Lepack
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Eunyoung Bang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Dwyer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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30
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Multisite electrophysiological recordings by self-assembled loose-patch-like junctions between cultured hippocampal neurons and mushroom-shaped microelectrodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27110. [PMID: 27256971 PMCID: PMC4891817 DOI: 10.1038/srep27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate integrated planar microelectrode arrays is the “gold standard” method for millisecond-resolution, long-term, large-scale, cell-noninvasive electrophysiological recordings from mammalian neuronal networks. Nevertheless, these devices suffer from drawbacks that are solved by spike-detecting, spike-sorting and signal-averaging techniques which rely on estimated parameters that require user supervision to correct errors, merge clusters and remove outliers. Here we show that primary rat hippocampal neurons grown on micrometer sized gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμE) functionalized simply by poly-ethylene-imine/laminin undergo self-assembly processes to form loose patch-like hybrid structures. More than 90% of the hybrids formed in this way record monophasic positive action potentials (APs). Of these, 34.5% record APs with amplitudes above 300 μV and up to 5,085 μV. This self-assembled neuron-gMμE configuration improves the recording quality as compared to planar MEA. This study characterizes and analyzes the electrophysiological signaling repertoire generated by the neurons-gMμE configuration, and discusses prospects to further improve the technology.
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31
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Baltz T, Voigt T. Interaction of electrically evoked activity with intrinsic dynamics of cultured cortical networks with and without functional fast GABAergic synaptic transmission. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:272. [PMID: 26236196 PMCID: PMC4505148 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of neuronal activity by means of electrical stimulation is a successful therapeutic approach for patients suffering from a variety of central nervous system disorders. Prototypic networks formed by cultured cortical neurons represent an important model system to gain general insights in the input–output relationships of neuronal tissue. These networks undergo a multitude of developmental changes during their maturation, such as the excitatory–inhibitory shift of the neurotransmitter GABA. Very few studies have addressed how the output properties to a given stimulus change with ongoing development. Here, we investigate input–output relationships of cultured cortical networks by probing cultures with and without functional GABAAergic synaptic transmission with a set of stimulation paradigms at various stages of maturation. On the cellular level, low stimulation rates (<15 Hz) led to reliable neuronal responses; higher rates were increasingly ineffective. Similarly, on the network level, lowest stimulation rates (<0.1 Hz) lead to maximal output rates at all ages, indicating a network wide refractory period after each stimulus. In cultures aged 3 weeks and older, a gradual recovery of the network excitability within tens of milliseconds was in contrast to an abrupt recovery after about 5 s in cultures with absent GABAAergic synaptic transmission. In these GABA deficient cultures evoked responses were prolonged and had multiple discharges. Furthermore, the network excitability changed periodically, with a very slow spontaneous change of the overall network activity in the minute range, which was not observed in cultures with absent GABAAergic synaptic transmission. The electrically evoked activity of cultured cortical networks, therefore, is governed by at least two potentially interacting mechanisms: A refractory period in the order of a few seconds and a very slow GABA dependent oscillation of the network excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baltz
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg Germany
| | - Thomas Voigt
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg Germany
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32
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Weir K, Blanquie O, Kilb W, Luhmann HJ, Sinning A. Response: "Commentary: Comparison of spike parameters from optically identified GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in sparse cortical cultures". Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:224. [PMID: 26106300 PMCID: PMC4460555 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Weir
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Oriane Blanquie
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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33
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Becchetti A, Wanke E. Commentary: "Comparison of spike parameters from optically identified GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in sparse cortical cultures". Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:157. [PMID: 25954158 PMCID: PMC4406083 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Wanke
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milan, Italy
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