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Foster SG, Mathew S, Labarre A, Parker JA, Tompkins TA, Binda S. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 and Bacillus subtilis R0179 Prolong Lifespan and Mitigate Amyloid-β Toxicity in C. elegans via Distinct Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD230948. [PMID: 39093068 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent advances linking gut dysbiosis with neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be targeted for AD prevention, management, or treatment. Objective We sought to identify probiotics that can delay Aβ-induced paralysis. Methods Using C. elegans expressing human amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42 in body wall muscles (GMC101), we assessed the effects of several probiotic strains on paralysis. Results We found that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 and Bacillus subtilis R0179, but not their supernatants or heat-treated forms, delayed paralysis and prolonged lifespan without affecting the levels of amyloid-β aggregates. To uncover the mechanism involved, we explored the role of two known pathways involved in neurogenerative diseases, namely mitophagy, via deletion of the mitophagy factor PINK-1, and fatty acid desaturation, via deletion of the Δ9 desaturase FAT-5. Pink-1 deletion in GMC101 worms did not modify the life-prolonging and anti-paralysis effects of HA-114 but reduced the protective effect of R0179 against paralysis without affecting its life-prolonging effect. Upon fat5 deletion in GMC101 worms, the monounsaturated C14:1 and C16:1 FAs conserved their beneficial effect while the saturated C14:0 and C16:0 FAs did not. The beneficial effects of R0179 on both lifespan and paralysis remained unaffected by fat-5 deletion, while the beneficial effect of HA-114 on paralysis and lifespan was significantly reduced. Conclusions Collectively with clinical and preclinical evidence in other models, our results suggest that HA-114 or R0179 could be studied as potential therapeutical adjuncts in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Foster
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shibi Mathew
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Labarre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Binda
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Blagnac Cedex, France
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2
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Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Major D, Fazekas-Pongor V, Csípő T, Tarantini S, Csizmadia Z, Varga JT. Exploring the Influence of Gut-Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics. Nutrients 2024; 16:789. [PMID: 38542700 PMCID: PMC10975805 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual's unique health circumstances and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
- National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Major
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Tamás Csípő
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (A.L.); (D.M.); (V.F.-P.); (T.C.); (S.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltán Csizmadia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - János Tamás Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Massey WJ, Kay KE, Jaramillo TC, Horak AJ, Cao S, Osborn LJ, Banerjee R, Mrdjen M, Hamoudi MK, Silver DJ, Burrows AC, Brown AL, Reizes O, Lathia JD, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Brown JM. Metaorganismal choline metabolism shapes olfactory perception. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105299. [PMID: 37777156 PMCID: PMC10630631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes living in the intestine can regulate key signaling processes in the central nervous system that directly impact brain health. This gut-brain signaling axis is partially mediated by microbe-host-dependent immune regulation, gut-innervating neuronal communication, and endocrine-like small molecule metabolites that originate from bacteria to ultimately cross the blood-brain barrier. Given the mounting evidence of gut-brain crosstalk, a new therapeutic approach of "psychobiotics" has emerged, whereby strategies designed to primarily modify the gut microbiome have been shown to improve mental health or slow neurodegenerative diseases. Diet is one of the most powerful determinants of gut microbiome community structure, and dietary habits are associated with brain health and disease. Recently, the metaorganismal (i.e., diet-microbe-host) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway has been linked to the development of several brain diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. However, it is poorly understood how metaorganismal TMAO production influences brain function under normal physiological conditions. To address this, here we have reduced TMAO levels by inhibiting gut microbe-driven choline conversion to trimethylamine (TMA), and then performed comprehensive behavioral phenotyping in mice. Unexpectedly, we find that TMAO is particularly enriched in the murine olfactory bulb, and when TMAO production is blunted at the level of bacterial choline TMA lyase (CutC/D), olfactory perception is altered. Taken together, our studies demonstrate a previously underappreciated role for the TMAO pathway in olfactory-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas C Jaramillo
- Rodent Behavior Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael K Hamoudi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy C Burrows
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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4
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Sharma G, Biswas SS, Mishra J, Navik U, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and Huntington's disease: Exploring the gut-brain axis and novel microbiota-based interventions. Life Sci 2023; 328:121882. [PMID: 37356750 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder affected by genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis is termed as the alterations of intestinal microbial profile. Emerging research has highlighted the pivotal role of gut dysbiosis in HD, focusing on the gut-brain axis as a novel research parameter in science. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relationship with HD and its pathogenesis along with the future challenges and opportunities. The focuses on the essential mechanisms which link gut dysbiosis to HD pathophysiology including neuroinflammation, immune system dysregulation, altered metabolites composition, and neurotransmitter imbalances. We also explored the impacts of gut dysbiosis on HD onset, severity, and symptoms such as cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in therapeutics including microbiota-based therapeutic approaches, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and combination therapies with conventional HD treatments and their applications in managing HD. The future challenges are also highlighted as the heterogeneity of gut microbiota, interindividual variability, establishing causality between gut dysbiosis and HD, identifying optimal therapeutic targets and strategies, and ensuring the long-term safety and efficacy of microbiota-based interventions. This review provides a better understanding of the potential role of gut microbiota in HD pathogenesis and guides the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garvita Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shristi Saroj Biswas
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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5
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Neha, Parvez S. Emerging therapeutics agents and recent advances in drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101815. [PMID: 36529440 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multivariate and diversified disease and affects the most sensitive areas of the brain, the cerebral cortex, and the hippocampus. AD is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognition that get more worsen over time. The central theory on the pathophysiological hallmark features of AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, also associated with tau proteins (τ) dysfunctioning which leads to distorted microtubular structure, affects the cholinergic system, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This review emphasizes how simple it is to find novel treatments for AD and focuses on several recently developed medications through repurposing that can speed up traditional drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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6
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Eiser AR, Fulop T. Alzheimer's Disease Is a Multi-Organ Disorder: It May Already Be Preventable. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1277-1281. [PMID: 36617785 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this commentary, we offer an overview of the several environmental and metabolic factors that have been identified as contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many of these factors involve extracranial organ systems including immune system dysfunction accompanied by neuroinflammation (inflammaging), gastrointestinal dysbiosis, insulin resistance, and hepatic dysfunction. A variety of microbial factors including mouth flora, viruses, and fungi appear to play a significant role. There is a role for the colonic microbiome becoming dysbiotic and producing toxic metabolites. Declining hepatic function contributes diminished neuronal precursors and reduces toxin elimination. Environmental toxins especially metals play an important role in impairing the blood-brain barrier and acting synergistically with biotoxins and other toxic chemicals. Prevention and treatment of AD appears to require measuring several of these biomarkers and implementing corrective actions regarding such toxicants and correcting metabolic dysfunction at early or preclinical stages of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold R Eiser
- Penn Center for Public Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Environmental Neuroscience Group, Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Elangovan S, Borody TJ, Holsinger RMD. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Pathology and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010119. [PMID: 36611911 PMCID: PMC9818266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known treatment or cure. Global disease projections warrant an urgent and rapid therapeutic for the treatment of this devastating disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a widely accepted and safely used treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. FMT has also been demonstrated to be a possible AD therapeutic. We examined the potential of FMT for the treatment of AD in a robust, mouse model of the disease and report that a brief, 7-day treatment regimen demonstrated 'plaque-busting' and behavior-modifying effects in treated 5xFAD mice. Importantly, we show that donor age plays an important role in the efficacy of the treatment and these findings warrant further investigation in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Elangovan
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Level 1, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lekang K, Shekhar S, Berild D, Petersen FC, Winther-Larsen HC. Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275737. [PMID: 36301847 PMCID: PMC9612567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics seize an effect on bacterial composition and diversity and have been demonstrated to induce disruptions on gut microbiomes. This may have implications for human health and wellbeing, and an increasing number of studies suggest a link between the gut microbiome and several diseases. Hence, reducing antibiotic treatments may be beneficial for human health status. Further, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global problem that can be counteracted by limiting the usage of antibiotics. Longer antibiotic treatments have been demonstrated to increase the development of AMR. Therefore, shortening of antibiotic treatment durations, provided it is safe for patients, may be one measure to reduce AMR. In this study, the objective was to investigate effects of standard and reduced antibiotic treatment lengths on gut microbiomes using a murine model. Changes in the murine gut microbiome was assessed after using three different treatment durations of amoxicillin (3, 7 or 14 days) as well as a control group not receiving amoxicillin. Fecal samples were collected before and during the whole experiment, until three weeks past end of treatment. These were further subject for 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results demonstrated significant changes in bacterial diversity, richness and evenness during amoxicillin treatment, followed by a reversion in terms of alpha-diversity and abundance of major phyla, after end of treatment. However, a longer restitution time was indicated for mice receiving amoxicillin for 14 days, and phylum Patescibacteria did not fully recover. In addition, an effect on the composition of Firmicutes was indicated to last for at least three weeks in mice treated with amoxicillin for 14 days. Despite an apparently reversion to a close to original state in overall bacterial diversity and richness, the results suggested more durable changes in lower taxonomical levels. We detected several families, genera and ASVs with significantly altered abundance three weeks after exposure to amoxicillin, as well as bacterial taxa that appeared significantly affected by amoxicillin treatment length. This may strengthen the argument for shorter antibiotic treatment regimens to both limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance and risk of gut microbiome disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Lekang
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Berild
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne C. Winther-Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Influence of the Gut Microbiota on the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:3300903. [PMID: 36248189 PMCID: PMC9553457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3300903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are marked by neuronal death over time, causing a variety of cognitive and motor dysfunctions. Protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial and protein clearance system dysfunction have all been identified as common pathways leading to neurodegeneration in recent decades. An altered microbiome of the gut, which is considered to play a central role in diseases as well as health, has recently been identified as another potential feature seen in neurodegenerative disorders. An array of microbial molecules that are released in the digestive tract may mediate gut-brain connections and permeate many organ systems, including the nervous system. Furthermore, recent findings from clinical as well as preclinical trials suggest that the microbiota of the gut plays a critical part in gut-brain interplay and that a misbalance in the composition of the gut microbiome may be linked to the etiology of neurological disorders (majorly neurodegenerative health problems); the underlying mechanism of which is still unknown. The review aims to consider the association between the microbiota of the gut and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as to add to our understanding of the significance of the gut microbiome in neurodegeneration and the mechanisms that underlie it. Knowing the mechanisms behind the gut microbiome's role and abundance will provide us with new insights that could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Feng C, Li A, Yin C, Wang S, Jin W, Liu Y, Huo T, Jiang H. Realgar Alleviated Neuroinflammation Induced by High Protein and High Calorie Diet in Rats via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193958. [PMID: 36235611 PMCID: PMC9572528 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome (GHRS) often occurs in adolescents, resulting into nervous system injury. Realgar, an arsenic mineral with neuroprotective effect, has been widely used to treat GHRS. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Methods: A GHRS rat model was established using a high protein and high calorie diet. We performed macroscopic characterization by assessing bowel sounds, hot/cold preference, anal temperature, and fecal features. Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to evaluate brain arsenic level while hippocampal ultrastructural changes were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, inflammatory cytokines and BBB breakdown were analyzed by western blotting, immunofluorescence assays, and immunohistochemistry staining. We also evaluated hippocampal metabolites by LC-MS while fecal microorganisms were assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: Our data showed that the high protein and high calorie diet induced GHRS. The rat model depicted decreased bowel sounds, increased fecal characteristics score, preference for low temperature zone, and increased anal temperature. In addition, there was increase in inflammatory factors IL-6, Iba-1, and NF-κB p65 as well as reduced BBB structural protein Claudin-5 and Occludin. The data also showed appearance of hippocampus metabolites disorder and fecal microbial imbalance. Realgar treatment conferred a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting GHRS-specific characteristics, neuroinflammatory response, BBB impairment, metabolites disorder, and microbial imbalance in the GHRS rat model. Conclusion: Taken together, our analysis demonstrated that realgar confers a neuroprotective effect in GHRS rats through modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chenhui Yin
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Weiyuan Jin
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Nan K, Feig VR, Ying B, Howarth JG, Kang Z, Yang Y, Traverso G. Mucosa-interfacing electronics. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:908-925. [PMID: 36124042 PMCID: PMC9472746 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface mucosa that lines many of our organs houses myriad biometric signals and, therefore, has great potential as a sensor-tissue interface for high-fidelity and long-term biosensing. However, progress is still nascent for mucosa-interfacing electronics owing to challenges with establishing robust sensor-tissue interfaces; device localization, retention and removal; and power and data transfer. This is in sharp contrast to the rapidly advancing field of skin-interfacing electronics, which are replacing traditional hospital visits with minimally invasive, real-time, continuous and untethered biosensing. This Review aims to bridge the gap between skin-interfacing electronics and mucosa-interfacing electronics systems through a comparison of the properties and functions of the skin and internal mucosal surfaces. The major physiological signals accessible through mucosa-lined organs are surveyed and design considerations for the next generation of mucosa-interfacing electronics are outlined based on state-of-the-art developments in bio-integrated electronics. With this Review, we aim to inspire hardware solutions that can serve as a foundation for developing personalized biosensing from the mucosa, a relatively uncharted field with great scientific and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vivian R. Feig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Julia G. Howarth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ziliang Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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12
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Ashraf H, Solla P, Sechi LA. Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091077. [PMID: 36145298 PMCID: PMC9504155 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons. Additionally, autoimmunity is believed to be involved in the basis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of autoimmune-based neurological disorders has been elevated and current findings strongly suggest the role of pharmacotherapies in controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this review focused on the current advancement of immunomodulatory drugs as novel approaches in the management of autoimmune neurological diseases and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Atonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Lu C, Rong J, Fu C, Wang W, Xu J, Ju XD. Overall Rebalancing of Gut Microbiota Is Key to Autism Intervention. Front Psychol 2022; 13:862719. [PMID: 35712154 PMCID: PMC9196865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear etiology, and due to the lack of effective treatment, ASD patients bring enormous economic and psychological burden to families and society. In recent years, many studies have found that children with ASD are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, and the composition of intestinal microbiota (GM) is different from that of typical developing children. Thus, many researchers believe that the gut-brain axis may play an important role in the occurrence and development of ASD. Indeed, some clinical trials and animal studies have reported changes in neurological function, behavior, and comorbid symptoms of autistic children after rebalancing the composition of the GM through the use of antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics or microbiota transfer therapy (MMT). In view of the emergence of new therapies based on the modulation of GM, characterizing the individual gut bacterial profile evaluating the effectiveness of intervention therapies could help provide a better quality of life for subjects with ASD. This article reviews current studies on interventions to rebalance the GM in children with ASD. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum may be an effective strain for the probiotic treatment of ASD. However, the greater effectiveness of MMT treatment suggests that it may be more important to pay attention to the overall balance of the patient's GM. Based on these findings, a more thorough assessment of the GM is expected to contribute to personalized microbial intervention, which can be used as a supplementary treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Rong
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Changxing Fu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenshi Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing-Da Ju
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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14
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Ternák G, Németh M, Rozanovic M, Bogár L. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dysbiosis Might Be Triggered by Certain Classes of Antibiotics with Time-Lapse: New Insights into the Pathogenesis? J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:443-451. [PMID: 35275547 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several putative factors are identified in the literature as causative agents or risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis has been the main hypothesis about the pathophysiology of AD for decades, but recent studies raised the possible role of dysbiosis in the development of AD, which prevents memory loss. OBJECTIVE Finding possible associations between antibiotic consumption patterns and the prevalence of AD in European countries. METHODS Antibiotic consumption (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, ECDC) for 1997-2007, 2008-2018, and as the whole 1997-2018 period, has been compared to the AD prevalence for 2018 expressed in percentage of the population and statistically analyzed by Pearson calculation. RESULTS A significant positive correlation has been found between the AD prevalence (2018) and the average quinolone consumption for the years 1997-2007 (r: 0.37, p: 0.044). A similar association was not observed for the entire 22 years (1997-2018) of the average quinolone consumption, and the years 2008-2018, indicating 10-20 years of time-lapse between the antibiotic exposure and the development of AD. The ratio of broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics (B/N) estimated in the ECDC database for the years of 2008-2018 showed a strong positive association with AD prevalence (2018) (r: 0.406, p: 0.026) and a positive correlation tendency for the entire 22 years 1997-2018 (r: 0.344, p: 0.063), but none for the years 1997-2007 (r: 0.256, p: 0.241). CONCLUSION Our study indicated the possible sequential role of certain classes of antibiotics in the development of dysbiosis leading to amyloid deposits of AD, which strengthen the possible role of different mediator molecules (short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, etc.) produced by the altered microbiome in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Ternák
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Institute of Migration Health, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martin Rozanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Bogár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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15
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Murray ER, Kemp M, Nguyen TT. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Taxonomic Alterations and Potential Avenues for Interventions. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:595-607. [PMID: 35202456 PMCID: PMC9035085 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota-gut-brain axis encompasses a bidirectional communication system that allows the gut to influence the brain via neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic signaling. Differences in the gut microbiome have been associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease (ad). Understanding these ad-associated alterations may offer novel insight into the pathology and treatment of ad. METHOD We conducted a narrative review of clinical studies investigating the gut microbiome in ad, organizing the results by phyla to understand the biological contributions of the gut microbial community to ad pathology and clinical features. We also reviewed randomized clinical trials of interventions targeting the microbiome to ameliorate ad symptoms and biomarkers. RESULTS Alpha diversity is reduced in patients with ad. Within Firmicutes, taxa that produce beneficial metabolites are reduced in ad, including Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium. Within Bacteroidetes, findings were mixed, with studies showing either reduced or increased abundance of Bacteroides in mild cognitive impairment or ad patients. Proteobacteria that produce toxins tend to be increased in ad patients, including Escherichia/Shigella. A Mediterranean-ketogenic dietary intervention significantly increased beneficial short-chain fatty acids and taxa that were inversely correlated with changes in ad pathological markers. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. improved cognitive function and reduced inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients with ad. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome may provide insight into ad pathology and be a novel target for intervention. Potential therapeutics include probiotics and dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Murray
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mylon Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya T Nguyen
- Corresponding author at: Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0664, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +(858)-246-5347; fax: +(858)-543-5475.E-mail address: (T.T. Nguyen)
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16
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Farris NW, Hamidoghli A, Bae J, Won S, Choi W, Biró J, Lee S, Bai SC. Dietary Supplementation with γ-Aminobutyric Acid Improves Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Non-Specific Immunity and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae in Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthysolivaceus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030248. [PMID: 35158571 PMCID: PMC8833569 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a very important biomolecule that is found in all lifeforms and serves innumerable essential biological functions in pathways ranging from neural transmission to metabolism and immunity. In recent years, GABA was identified as an important metabolite involved in the modulation of the gut microbiome, and even appetite, in fish. The current trial aims to assess the effects of GABA as a supplement for nutritionally important biomarkers of fish health. Our results show that approximately 229–282 mg/kg of the total dietary GABA has important benefits for juvenile olive flounder, most significantly with improved disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Abstract Recent research is increasingly shedding light on the important role that microbial metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play in the context of nutrition, cognition, immune function, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. Yet, very few trials were conducted to assess the effects of its supplementation on biomarkers of fish health. Therefore, an eight-week feeding trial was devised to evaluate GABA supplementation in juvenile olive flounder, (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 630 fish with an average weight of 4.90 ± 0.10 g (±SD) were randomly assigned to one of seven triplicate groups and fed a non-GABA supplemented diet (CON, with 92 mg/kg GABA content), a positive control with 4 g/kg oxytetracycline (OTC), and five other diets supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg GABA (corresponding to a total GABA content of 154, 229, 282, 327 and 352 mg/kg, respectively). Growth, blood chemistry, nonspecific immunity, digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance were assessed. The results showed that 100 and 150 mg/kg GABA supplementation consistently yielded significant improvements (p < 0.05) in growth, intestinal amylase, serum lysozyme, and survival against infection with Streptococcus iniae. Based on polynomial analysis, the optimal supplementation level was determined to be 237 mg/kg. These results support GABA as an important functional feed additive in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W. Farris
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Ali Hamidoghli
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Jinho Bae
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Seonghun Won
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Program, Busan 48547, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.C.B.)
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17
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Ebrahimi V, Tarhriz V, Talebi M, Rasouli A, Farjami A, Razi Soofiyani S, Soleimanian A, Forouhandeh H. A new insight on feasibility of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics-based therapies in Alzheimer’s disease. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_170_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Chen J, Li Q, Zhu J, Yuan Z, Wang T, Song J. GPR40 Agonist Ameliorate Pathological Neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's Disease via the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune System, a Mini-Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2175-2185. [PMID: 34505972 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central disease with high incidence, and its pathological process is closely associated with changes of some biological indicators in the periphery. Among them, the intestinal flora mainly causes a series of pathological changes such as inflammation through the immune system, which may contribute to the pathological process of AD. In this paper, we mainly focused the relationship between gut microbiota and immune system disorder in the neuropathology of AD, underlining the significance of the advanced mechanism of inflammatory response and providing a new direction for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Miranda-Ribera A, Serena G, Liu J, Fasano A, Kingsbury MA, Fiorentino MR. The Zonulin-transgenic mouse displays behavioral alterations ameliorated via depletion of the gut microbiota. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2000299. [PMID: 34775911 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis hypothesis suggests that interactions in the intestinal milieu are critically involved in regulating brain function. Several studies point to a gut-microbiota-brain connection linking an impaired intestinal barrier and altered gut microbiota composition to neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation. Increased gut permeability allows luminal antigens to cross the gut epithelium, and via the blood stream and an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) enters the brain impacting its function. Pre-haptoglobin 2 (pHP2), the precursor protein to mature HP2, is the first characterized member of the zonulin family of structurally related proteins. pHP 2 has been identified in humans as the thus far only endogenous regulator of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions (TJs). We have leveraged the Zonulin-transgenic mouse (Ztm) that expresses a murine pHP2 (zonulin) to determine the role of increased gut permeability and its synergy with a dysbiotic intestinal microbiota on brain function and behavior. Here we show that Ztm mice display sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities accompanied by altered gene expression of BBB TJs and increased expression of brain inflammatory genes. Antibiotic depletion of the gut microbiota in Ztm mice downregulated brain inflammatory markers ameliorating some anxiety-like behavior. Overall, we show that zonulin-dependent alterations in gut permeability and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota are associated with an altered BBB integrity, neuroinflammation, and behavioral changes that are partially ameliorated by microbiota depletion. Our results suggest the Ztm model as a tool for the study of the cross-talk between the microbiome/gut and the brain in the context of neurobehavioral/neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jundi Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcy A Kingsbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Lurie Center for Autism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria R Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Liu B, Zeng Q, Chen H, Liao J, Bai Y, Han Q, Qiao N, Wang S, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Ahmed BZ, Tang Z, Zhang H, Li Y. The hepatotoxicity of altrazine exposure in mice involves the intestinal microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129572. [PMID: 33485040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR), a bio accumulative herbicide is frequently used in agriculture to control unwanted weeds. Due to continuous application, atrazine persists in the environment and causes deleterious impacts including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and gut microbiota disorders. Therefore, this study for the first time reports the variation in the gut microbiota, induction of process of apoptosis and autophagy in mice induced by ATR. Results indicated that TUNEL-positive hepatocytes suggestive of apoptosis were increased in livers of different experimental mice. Results on metabolic analysis in liver tissues indicated an overall change in seventy-six metabolites particularly Uridine 5'-diphosphate, Propenoylcarnitine and Chinenoside V resulting in generation of energy-related metabolic disorders and imbalance of oxidation/autoxidation status. Results on gut microbiome inquisition showed that ATR changed the richness and diversity of gut microbiota of mice and number of Firmicutes. Moreover, results also revealed that ATR induced apoptosis via disruption of apoptotic (Bax, Bcl2, and Casp3) and autophagy (LC3/Map1lc3a, Beclin 1/Becn1 and P62/Sqstm1) genes. Results of our experimental study confirmed that changes in gut microbiota play a significant role in process of gut immune regulation and inflammation via different metabolites. In conclusion, the findings of our study provide a new idea for the involvement of mechanisms of detoxification in liver and inquisition of gut microbiota plays crucial role in regulation of physiological activities through liver-gut axis to mitigate toxic effects in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuman Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuzhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Bhutto Zohaib Ahmed
- Labela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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22
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Garg N, Dhiman S, Gupta S, Rahman MH, Najda A, Walasek-Janusz M, Kamel M, Albadrani GM, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Dysbiosis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Role for Chronic Stress? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050678. [PMID: 33946488 PMCID: PMC8147174 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, neuropsychiatric, pathological condition that deteriorates the worth of geriatric lives. AD is characterized by aggregated senile amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, gliosis, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and bioenergetic deficits. The changes in GIT composition and harmony have been recognized as a decisive and interesting player in neuronal pathologies including AD. Microbiota control and influence the oxidoreductase status, inflammation, immune system, and the endocrine system through which it may have an impact on the cognitive domain. The altered and malfunctioned state of microbiota is associated with minor infections to complicated illnesses that include psychosis and neurodegeneration, and several studies show that microbiota regulates neuronal plasticity and neuronal development. The altered state of microbiota (dysbiosis) may affect behavior, stress response, and cognitive functions. Chronic stress-mediated pathological progression also has a well-defined role that intermingles at various physiological levels and directly impacts the pathological advancement of AD. Chronic stress-modulated alterations affect the well-established pathological markers of AD but also affect the gut–brain axis through the mediation of various downstream signaling mechanisms that modulate the microbial commensals of GIT. The extensive literature reports that chronic stressors affect the composition, metabolic activities, and physiological role of microbiota in various capacities. The present manuscript aims to elucidate mechanistic pathways through which stress induces dysbiosis, which in turn escalates the neuropathological cascade of AD. The stress–dysbiosis axis appears a feasible zone of work in the direction of treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
- Goverment College of Pharmacy, District Shimla, Rohru 171207, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-98-1595-1171 (T.G.S.); +20-96-65-8019-2142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.W.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Walasek-Janusz
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.W.-J.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54950, Pakistan;
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-98-1595-1171 (T.G.S.); +20-96-65-8019-2142 (M.M.A.-D.)
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James DM, Davidson EA, Yanes J, Moshiree B, Dallman JE. The Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis and Its Link to Autism: Emerging Insights and the Potential of Zebrafish Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662916. [PMID: 33937265 PMCID: PMC8081961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research involving autism spectrum disorder (ASD) most frequently focuses on its key diagnostic criteria: restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, altered sensory perception, and communication impairments. These core criteria, however, are often accompanied by numerous comorbidities, many of which result in severe negative impacts on quality of life, including seizures, epilepsy, sleep disturbance, hypotonia, and GI distress. While ASD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, gastrointestinal (GI) distress is among the most prevalent co-occurring symptom complex, manifesting in upward of 70% of all individuals with ASD. Consistent with this high prevalence, over a dozen family foundations that represent genetically distinct, molecularly defined forms of ASD have identified GI symptoms as an understudied area with significant negative impacts on quality of life for both individuals and their caregivers. Moreover, GI symptoms are also correlated with more pronounced irritability, social withdrawal, stereotypy, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances, suggesting that they may exacerbate the defining behavioral symptoms of ASD. Despite these facts (and to the detriment of the community), GI distress remains largely unaddressed by ASD research and is frequently regarded as a symptomatic outcome rather than a potential contributory factor to the behavioral symptoms. Allowing for examination of both ASD's impact on the central nervous system (CNS) as well as its impact on the GI tract and the associated microbiome, the zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful tool to study ASD. This is in no small part due to the advantages zebrafish present as a model system: their precocious development, their small transparent larval form, and their parallels with humans in genetics and physiology. While ASD research centered on the CNS has leveraged these advantages, there has been a critical lack of GI-centric ASD research in zebrafish models, making a holistic view of the gut-brain-microbiome axis incomplete. Similarly, high-throughput ASD drug screens have recently been developed but primarily focus on CNS and behavioral impacts while potential GI impacts have not been investigated. In this review, we aim to explore the great promise of the zebrafish model for elucidating the roles of the gut-brain-microbiome axis in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. James
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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24
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Rauf A, Khalil AA, Rahman UU, Khalid A, Naz S, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Urtecho EZ, de Albuquerque RDDG, Anwar S, Alamri A, Saini RK, Rengasamy KRR. Recent advances in the therapeutic application of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6034-6054. [PMID: 33703960 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important frontier in understanding the human body's homeostasis and the development of diseases. Gut flora in human beings regulates various metabolic functionalities, including enzymes, amino acid synthesis, bio-transformation of bile acid, fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), generation of indoles and polyamines (PAs), and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among all the metabolites produced by gut microbiota, SCFAs, the final product of fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbiota, receive lots of attention from scientists due to their pharmacological and physiological characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SCFAs in the interaction between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism is still needed in-depth research. This review highlights the recent biotechnological advances in applying SCFAs as important metabolites to treat various diseases and maintain colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid-Ur- Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahood Khalid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naz
- Deaprtment of Biotechnology, Woman University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian
| | | | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | | | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa
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25
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Lukiw WJ, Arceneaux L, Li W, Bond T, Zhao Y. Gastrointestinal (GI)-Tract Microbiome Derived Neurotoxins and their Potential Contribution to Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2021; 11:525. [PMID: 34457996 PMCID: PMC8395586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome is a rich, complex and dynamic source of microorganisms that possess a staggering diversity and complexity. Importantly there is a significant variability in microbial complexity even amongst healthy individuals-this has made it difficult to link specific microbial abundance patterns with age-related neurological disease. GI-tract commensal microorganisms are generally beneficial to human metabolism and immunity, however enterotoxigenic forms of microbes possess significant potential to secrete what are amongst the most neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory biopolymers known. These include toxic glycolipids such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), enterotoxins, microbial-derived amyloids and small non-coding RNA. One major microbial species of the GI-tract microbiome, about ~100-fold more abundant than Escherichia coli in deep GI-tract regions is Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium. B. fragilis can secrete: (i) a particularly potent, pro-inflammatory and unique LPS subtype (BF-LPS); and (ii) a zinc-metalloproteinase known as B. fragilis-toxin (BFT) or fragilysin. Ongoing studies indicate that BF-LPS and/or BFT disrupt paracellular-and transcellular-barriers by cleavage of intercellular-proteins resulting in 'leaky' barriers. These barriers: (i) become defective and more penetrable with aging and disease; and (ii) permit entry of microbiome-derived neurotoxins into the systemic-circulation from which they next transit the blood-brain barrier and gain access to the CNS. Here LPS accumulates and significantly alters homeostatic patterns of gene expression. The affinity of LPS for neuronal nuclei is significantly enhanced in the presence of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) peptides. Recent research on the appearance of the brain thanatomicrobiome at the time of death and the increasing likelihood of a complex brain microbiome are reviewed and discussed. This paper will also highlight some recent advances in this extraordinary research area that links the pro-inflammatory exudates of the GI-tract microbiome with innate-immune disturbances and inflammatory-signaling within the CNS with reference to Alzheimer's disease (AD) wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center,
New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States,Corresponding author: Dr. Walter J. Lukiw, LSU
Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New
Orleans, LA, United States,
| | - Lisa Arceneaux
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Wenhong Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, China
| | - Taylor Bond
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State
University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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26
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Emerging Roles of Functional Bacterial Amyloids in Gene Regulation, Toxicity, and Immunomodulation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 85:85/1/e00062-20. [PMID: 33239434 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00062-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often reside in multicellular communities, called biofilms, held together by an extracellular matrix. In many bacteria, the major proteinaceous component of the biofilm are amyloid fibers. Amyloids are highly stable and structured protein aggregates which were known mostly to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In recent years, microbial amyloids were identified also in other species and shown to play major roles in microbial physiology and virulence. For example, amyloid fibers assemble on the bacterial cell surface as a part of the extracellular matrix and are extremely important to the scaffolding and structural integrity of biofilms, which contribute to microbial resilience and resistance. Furthermore, microbial amyloids play fundamental nonscaffold roles that contribute to the development of biofilms underlying numerous persistent infections. Here, we review several nonscaffold roles of bacterial amyloid proteins, including bridging cells during collective migration, acting as regulators of cell fate, as toxins against other bacteria or against host immune cells, and as modulators of the hosts' immune system. These overall points on the complexity of the amyloid fold in encoding numerous activities, which offer approaches for the development of a novel repertoire of antivirulence therapeutics.
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27
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Zhao Y, Jaber V, Alexandrov PN, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:585432. [PMID: 33192270 PMCID: PMC7664832 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.585432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression patterns in brain tissues, the systemic circulation, the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). miRNAs have been investigated as candidate biomarkers for AD diagnosis, disease prediction, prognosis and therapeutic purposes because of their involvement in multiple brain signaling pathways in both health and disease. In this review we will: (i) highlight the significantly heterogeneous nature of miRNA expression and complexity in AD tissues and biofluids; (ii) address how information may be extracted from these data to be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and/or screening tools across the entire continuum of AD, from the preclinical stage, through the prodromal, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase all the way to clinically overt dementia; and (iii) consider how specific miRNA expression patterns could be categorized using miRNA reporters that span AD pathophysiological initiation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivian Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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28
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Lukiw WJ, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Zhao Y. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the Application of Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E138. [PMID: 32967128 PMCID: PMC7565758 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently stands as one of the most difficult and challenging in all of clinical neurology. AD is typically diagnosed using an integrated knowledge and assessment of multiple biomarkers and interrelated factors. These include the patient's age, gender and lifestyle, medical and genetic history (both clinical- and family-derived), cognitive, physical, behavioral and geriatric assessment, laboratory examination of multiple AD patient biofluids, especially within the systemic circulation (blood serum) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multiple neuroimaging-modalities of the brain's limbic system and/or retina, followed up in many cases by post-mortem neuropathological examination to finally corroborate the diagnosis. More often than not, prospective AD cases are accompanied by other progressive, age-related dementing neuropathologies including, predominantly, a neurovascular and/or cardiovascular component, multiple-infarct dementia (MID), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and/or strokes or 'mini-strokes' often integrated with other age-related neurological and non-neurological disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Especially over the last 40 years, enormous research efforts have been undertaken to discover, characterize, and quantify more effectual and reliable biological markers for AD, especially during the pre-clinical or prodromal stages of AD so that pre-emptive therapeutic treatment strategies may be initiated. While a wealth of genetic, neurobiological, neurochemical, neuropathological, neuroimaging and other diagnostic information obtainable for a single AD patient can be immense: (i) it is currently challenging to integrate and formulate a definitive diagnosis for AD from this multifaceted and multidimensional information; and (ii) these data are unfortunately not directly comparable with the etiopathological patterns of other AD patients even when carefully matched for age, gender, familial genetics, and drug history. Four decades of AD research have repeatedly indicated that diagnostic profiles for AD are reflective of an extremely heterogeneous neurological disorder. This commentary will illuminate the heterogeneity of biomarkers for AD, comment on emerging investigative approaches and discuss why 'precision medicine' is emerging as our best paradigm yet for the most accurate and definitive prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of this insidious and lethal brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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29
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Téglás T, Ábrahám D, Jókai M, Kondo S, Mohammadi R, Fehér J, Szabó D, Wilhelm M, Radák Z. Exercise combined with a probiotics treatment alters the microbiome, but moderately affects signalling pathways in the liver of male APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Biogerontology 2020; 21:807-815. [PMID: 32812166 PMCID: PMC7541368 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that physical exercise and probiotic supplementation delay the progress of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in male APP/PS1TG mice. However, it has also been suggested that both exercise and AD have systemic effects. We have studied the effects of exercise training and probiotic treatment on microbiome and biochemical signalling proteins in the liver. The results suggest that liver is under oxidative stress, since SOD2 levels of APP/PS1 mice were decreased when compared to a wild type of mice. Exercise training prevented this decrease. We did not find significant changes in COX4, SIRT3, PGC-1a or GLUT4 levels, while the changes in pAMPK/AMPK, pmTOR/mTOR, pS6/S6 and NRF2 levels were randomly modulated. The data suggest that exercise and probiotics-induced changes in microbiome do not strongly affect mitochondrial density or protein synthesis-related AMPK/mTOR/S6 pathways in the liver of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Téglás
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ábrahám
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Jókai
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Saki Kondo
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Rezieh Mohammadi
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - János Fehér
- Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Pecs, 2020, Hungary.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas str. 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary. .,Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Pecs, 2020, Hungary. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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30
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Abdellatif B, McVeigh C, Bendriss G, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4159. [PMID: 32532137 PMCID: PMC7312735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut-brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (B.A.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
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31
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Arora H, Ramesh M, Rajasekhar K, Govindaraju T. Molecular Tools to Detect Alloforms of Aβ and Tau: Implications for Multiplexing and Multimodal Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Arora
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolla Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
- VNIR Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Center, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India
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Zhang Y, Pu F, Cheng R, Guo J, Shen X, Wang S, Zhu H, Zhang X, Cheng G, Li M, He F. Effect of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on microbiota and gut-brain axis related molecules. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:89-99. [PMID: 32775126 PMCID: PMC7392912 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using heated-inactivated lactobacilli to protect neonates from harmful effects of antibiotics. Thirty neonate mice were randomly divided into three groups of ten and treated with either sterilized water, an antibiotics cocktail, or the same antibiotics plus heat-inactivated Lactobacillus paracasei N1115. The administration of antibiotics significantly increased the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels of the tested mice (p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively) and decreased their serum corticosterone levels (p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). The colonic crypts were significantly less deep in mice treated with antibiotics and with antibiotics plus N1115 (p<0.05). Antibiotics caused significantly abnormal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 (GABAAα1), γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor1 (GABAb1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor1A (5-HT1A) in the hippocampus (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively) and of GABAAα1 in the prefrontal cortex (p<0.01). Heat-inactivated lactobacilli alleviated these abnormal changes. Antibiotics greatly decreased the Shannon index of the fecal microbiota and significantly increased the number of Proteobacteria (p<0.001), with fewer Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (p<0.05). Antibiotics not only cause microbiota dysbiosis, but also cause abnormal changes in important molecules in the gut-brain axis. All these abnormal changes are alleviated by heat-inactivated L. paracasei N1115. This indicates that heat-inactivated L. paracasei N1115 has a certain improvement effect on changes caused by antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Pu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Lukiw WJ. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Microbiome-Derived Neurotoxins-Potent Neuro-Inflammatory Signals From the GI Tract via the Systemic Circulation Into the Brain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32117799 PMCID: PMC7028696 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract is a rich and dynamic source of microorganisms that together possess a staggering complexity and diversity. Collectively these microbes are capable of secreting what are amongst the most neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory biopolymers known. These include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), enterotoxins, microbial-derived amyloids and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA). One of the major microbial species in the human GI-tract microbiome, about ~100-fold more abundant than Escherichia coli, is Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that secretes: (i) a particularly potent, pro-inflammatory LPS glycolipid subtype (BF-LPS); and (ii) a hydrolytic, extracellular zinc metalloproteinase known as B. fragilis toxin (BFT) or fragilysin. Ongoing studies support multiple observations that BF-LPS and BFT (fragilysin) disrupt paracellular barriers by cleavage of intercellular proteins, such as E-cadherin, between epithelial cells, resulting in 'leaky' barriers. These defective barriers, which also become more penetrable with age, in turn permit entry of microbiome-derived neurotoxic biopolymers into the systemic circulation from which they can next transit the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gain access into the brain. This short communication will highlight some recent advances in this extraordinary research area that links the pro-inflammatory exudates of the GI-tract microbiome with innate-immune disturbances and inflammatory signaling within the human central nervous system (CNS) with reference to Alzheimer's disease (AD) wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Liufu N, Liu L, Shen S, Jiang Z, Dong Y, Wang Y, Culley D, Crosby G, Cao M, Shen Y, Marcantonio E, Xie Z, Zhang Y. Anesthesia and surgery induce age-dependent changes in behaviors and microbiota. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1965-1986. [PMID: 31974315 PMCID: PMC7053599 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium remains mostly unknown. The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. We, therefore, set out to determine whether anesthesia/surgery causes age-dependent gut microbiota dysbiosis, changes in brain IL-6 level and mitochondrial function, leading to postoperative delirium-like behavior in mice. Female 9 or 18 months old mice received abdominal surgery under 1.4% isoflurane for two hours. The postoperative delirium-like behavior, gut microbiota, levels of brain IL-6, PSD-95 and synaptophysin, and mitochondrial function were determined by a battery of behavioral tests, 16s rRNA sequencing, ELISA, Western blot and Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Intragastric administration of Lactobacillus (10 days) and probiotic (20 days) were used to mitigate the anesthesia/surgery-induced changes. Anesthesia/surgery caused different alterations in gut microbiota, including change rate of reduction in the levels of gut lactobacillus, between the 18 and 9 months old mice. The anesthesia/surgery induced greater postoperative delirium-like behavior, increased brain IL-6 levels, decreased PSD-95 and synaptophysin levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction in 18 than 9 months old mice. Treatments with Lactobacillus and probiotic mitigated the anesthesia/surgery-induced changes. These data suggest that microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium and treatment with Lactobacillus or a probiotic could mitigate postoperative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liufu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, P. R. China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, P. R. China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zengliang Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Deborah Culley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Edward Marcantonio
- Divisions of General Medicine and Primary Care and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Intestinal microbiota composition in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: establishment of bacterial and archaeal communities analyses. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:1815-1822. [PMID: 31306225 PMCID: PMC6759115 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Emerging evidences have indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was significantly influenced by central nervous system diseases. The digestion and metabolism disturbances of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) might be strongly associated with ALS; however, this has rarely been evaluated in these populations. This study was to evaluate bacterial and archaeal composition of gut flora and the corresponding metabolism performance of these micro-organisms in fecal samples of patients with ALS. Methods: A comparative study was performed on the intestinal microbiota from eight patients with ALS and eight healthy individuals at Huadong Hospital during November 2017 to April 2018; meanwhile, the metabolite concentrations of human endotoxin, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), NO2-N/NO3-N, and γ-aminobutyric acid were also evaluated by spectrophotometry methods. The correlations between intestinal microbiota and metabolite concentration were compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance; the relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms in fecal samples was also analyzed. Results: In general, the richness and evenness of bacterial and archaeal communities of healthy individuals were healthier than that of patients with ALS. The phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, genus Methanobrevibacter showed an enhancive tendency in patients with ALS, whereas the relative abundance of beneficial micro-organisms (genera Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides) presented a significant decrease tendency in patients with ALS. In addition, the average concentrations of human endotoxin, SCFA, NO2-N/NO3-N, and γ-aminobutyric acid in patients with ALS and healthy individuals were 64.2 vs. 65.3 EU/mL, 57.5 vs. 55.3 μg/mL, 5.7 vs. 5.3 ng/mL, and 6.1 vs. 5.4 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that the digestion and metabolism functions of gastrointestinal tract of patients might decline with this disease. Conclusions: The relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms respectively showed decrease and increase tendency in patients with ALS.
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Silva YP, Bernardi A, Frozza RL. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 32082260 PMCID: PMC7005631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1170] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of multiple neurochemical pathways through the highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over the last few years have expanded our knowledge on the communication between microbes and their hosts, the underpinnings of microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced in the colon by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch, are speculated to play a key role in neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, the underlying mechanisms through which SCFAs might influence brain physiology and behavior have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about the involvement of SCFAs in microbiota-gut-brain interactions. We also highlight how the development of future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage of the intimate and mutual interactions of the gut microbiota with the brain by exploring the role of SCFAs in the regulation of neuro-immunoendocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ygor Parladore Silva
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Luiz Frozza
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rudimar Luiz Frozza
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Lukiw WJ, Li W, Bond T, Zhao Y. Facilitation of Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Entry Into Human Neurons by Amyloid Beta-42 (Aβ42) Peptide. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:545. [PMID: 31866832 PMCID: PMC6908466 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS): (i) has been recently shown to target, accumulate within, and eventually encapsulate neuronal nuclei of the human central nervous system (CNS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain; and (ii) this action appears to impede and restrict the outward flow of genetic information from neuronal nuclei. It has previously been shown that in LPS-encased neuronal nuclei in AD brain there is a specific disruption in the output and expression of two AD-relevant, neuron-specific markers encoding the cytoskeletal neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein and the synaptic phosphoprotein synapsin-1 (SYN1) involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The biophysical mechanisms involved in the facilitation of the targeting of LPS to neuronal cells and nuclei and eventual nuclear envelopment and functional disruption are not entirely clear. In this "Perspectives article" we discuss current advances, and consider future directions in this research area, and provide novel evidence in human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture that the co-incubation of LPS with amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) peptide facilitates the association of LPS with neuronal cells. These findings: (i) support a novel pathogenic role for Aβ42 peptides in neurons via the formation of pores across the nuclear membrane and/or a significant biophysical disruption of the neuronal nuclear envelope; and (ii) advance the concept that the Aβ42 peptide-facilitated entry of LPS into brain neurons, accession of neuronal nuclei, and down-regulation of neuron-specific components such as NF-L and SYN1 may contribute significantly to neuropathological deficits as are characteristically observed in AD-affected brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Wenhong Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, China
| | - Taylor Bond
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Alexandrov PN, Hill JM, Zhao Y, Bond T, Taylor CM, Percy ME, Li W, Lukiw WJ. Aluminum-induced generation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome-resident Bacteroides fragilis. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110886. [PMID: 31707334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome: (i) are capable of generating a broad-spectrum of highly neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic molecules; and (ii) these include a highly immunogenic class of amphipathic surface glycolipids known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), a commensal, Gram negative, non-motile, non-spore forming obligatory anaerobic bacillus, and one of the most abundant bacteria found in the human GI tract, produces a particularly pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic LPS (BF-LPS). BF-LPS: (i) is known to be secreted from the B. fragilis outer membrane into the external-medium; (ii) can damage biophysiological barriers via cleavage of zonula adherens cell-cell adhesion proteins, thereby disrupting both the GI-tract barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB); (iii) is able to transit GI-tract barriers into the systemic circulation and cross the BBB into the human CNS; and (iv) accumulates within CNS neurons in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This short communication provides evidence that the incubation of B. fragilis with aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] is a potent inducer of BF-LPS. The results suggest for the first time that the pro-inflammatory properties of aluminum may not only be propagated by aluminum itself, but by a stimulation in the production of microbiome-derived BF-LPS and other pro-inflammatory pathogenic microbial products normally secreted from human GI-tract-resident microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Alexandrov
- Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow 113152, Russian Federation
| | - J M Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - T Bond
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - C M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - M E Percy
- Departments of Neurogenetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - W J Lukiw
- Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow 113152, Russian Federation; LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Structural Insights into Curli CsgA Cross-β Fibril Architecture Inspire Repurposing of Anti-amyloid Compounds as Anti-biofilm Agents. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007978. [PMID: 31469892 PMCID: PMC6748439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curli amyloid fibrils secreted by Enterobacteriaceae mediate host cell adhesion and contribute to biofilm formation, thereby promoting bacterial resistance to environmental stressors. Here, we present crystal structures of amyloid-forming segments from the major curli subunit, CsgA, revealing steric zipper fibrils of tightly mated β-sheets, demonstrating a structural link between curli and human pathological amyloids. D-enantiomeric peptides, originally developed to interfere with Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid-β, inhibited CsgA fibrillation and reduced biofilm formation in Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, as previously shown, CsgA fibrils cross-seeded fibrillation of amyloid-β, providing support for the proposed structural resemblance and potential for cross-species amyloid interactions. The presented findings provide structural insights into amyloidogenic regions important for curli formation, suggest a novel strategy for disrupting amyloid-structured biofilms, and hypothesize on the formation of self-propagating prion-like species originating from a microbial source that could influence neurodegenerative diseases.
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The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia: Canadian Cohort Study. Can J Neurol Sci 2019; 46:499-511. [PMID: 31309917 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) cohort study of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) is a national initiative to catalyze research on dementia, set up to support the research agendas of CCNA teams. This cross-country longitudinal cohort of 2310 deeply phenotyped subjects with various forms of dementia and mild memory loss or concerns, along with cognitively intact elderly subjects, will test hypotheses generated by these teams. METHODS The COMPASS-ND protocol, initial grant proposal for funding, fifth semi-annual CCNA Progress Report submitted to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research December 2017, and other documents supplemented by modifications made and lessons learned after implementation were used by the authors to create the description of the study provided here. RESULTS The CCNA COMPASS-ND cohort includes participants from across Canada with various cognitive conditions associated with or at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. They will undergo a wide range of experimental, clinical, imaging, and genetic investigation to specifically address the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these conditions in the aging population. Data derived from clinical and cognitive assessments, biospecimens, brain imaging, genetics, and brain donations will be used to test hypotheses generated by CCNA research teams and other Canadian researchers. The study is the most comprehensive and ambitious Canadian study of dementia. Initial data posting occurred in 2018, with the full cohort to be accrued by 2020. CONCLUSION Availability of data from the COMPASS-ND study will provide a major stimulus for dementia research in Canada in the coming years.
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Phan TX, Malkani RG. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and stress intersect in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100133. [PMID: 30937343 PMCID: PMC6279965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was discovered and the pathological hallmarks were revealed more than a century ago. Subsequently, many remarkable discoveries and breakthroughs provided us with mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of AD. The identification of the molecular underpinning of the disease not only provided the framework of AD pathogenesis but also targets for therapeutic inventions. Despite all the initial successes, no effective treatment for AD has emerged yet as all the late stages of clinical trials have failed. Many factors ranging from genetic to environmental factors have been critically appraised as the potential causes of AD. In particular, the role of stress on AD has been intensively studied while the relationship between sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) and AD have recently emerged. SCRD has always been thought to be a corollary of AD pathologies until recently, multiple lines of evidence converge on the notion that SCRD might be a contributing factor in AD pathogenesis. More importantly, how stress and SCRD intersect and make their concerted contributions to AD phenotypes has not been reviewed. The goal of this literature review is to examine at multiple levels - molecular, cellular (e.g. microglia, gut microbiota) and holistic - how the interaction between stress and SCRD bi-directionally and synergistically exacerbate AD pathologies and cognitive impairment. AD, in turn, worsens stress and SCRD and forms the vicious cycle that perpetuates and amplifies AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trongha X. Phan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roneil G. Malkani
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Posautz A, Loncaric I, Westermark P. Is there a connection between the microbiome and AA amyloidosis? First hints from the European brown hare ( Lepus europaeus). Amyloid 2019; 26:119-120. [PMID: 31343352 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1593130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Posautz
- a Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- b Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Per Westermark
- c Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Feng XW, Ding WP, Xiong LY, Guo L, Sun JM, Xiao P. Recent Advancements in Intestinal Microbiota Analyses: A Review for Non-Microbiologists. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:949-961. [PMID: 30536055 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial constituents naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract may influence the homeostasis of the gut environment. The presence or overabundance of some bacterial taxa has been reported to be associated with complex diseases, and the metabolites of certain bacteria may contribute to diverse disorders by influencing signaling pathways. Therefore, the study of gut microbial population has emerged as a crucial field and a new potential area of clinical significance. Advances in the methods of microbiota analysis have shed light upon the details including species diversity, microfloral activities as well as the entire gut microbiota. Nevertheless, comprehensive reviews on this subject are still limited. For elucidating the appropriate selection strategy of the methods to address a particular research question, we comprehensively reviewed the continuously improving technologies, classical to newly developed, and dissected their relative advantages and drawbacks. In addition, aiming at the rapidly advancing next-generation sequencing, we enumerated the improvements in mainstream platforms and made the horizontal and vertical comparison among them. Additionally, we demonstrated the four main -omics methods, which may provide further mechanistic insights into the role of microbiota, to propel phylotyping analysis to functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Youfu Hospital, Wuhan, 430050, China
| | - Wen-Ping Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Ling-Yun Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia-Ming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Lebovitz Y, Ringel-Scaia VM, Allen IC, Theus MH. Emerging Developments in Microbiome and Microglia Research: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1993. [PMID: 30233586 PMCID: PMC6129765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From immunology to neuroscience, interactions between the microbiome and host are increasingly appreciated as potent drivers of health and disease. Epidemiological studies previously identified compelling correlations between perinatal microbiome insults and neurobehavioral outcomes, the mechanistic details of which are just beginning to take shape thanks to germ-free and antibiotics-based animal models. This review summarizes parallel developments from clinical and preclinical research that suggest neuroactive roles for gut bacteria and their metabolites. We also examine the nascent field of microbiome-microglia crosstalk research, which includes pharmacological and genetic strategies to inform functional capabilities of microglia in response to microbial programming. Finally, we address an emerging hypothesis behind neurodevelopmental disorders, which implicates microbiome dysbiosis in the atypical programming of neuroimmune cells, namely microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Lebovitz
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Veronica M. Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Wang M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Zheng H, Ma F, Ma C, Lu B, Xie Z, Liao Q. Beneficial changes of gut microbiota and metabolism in weaned rats with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 supplementation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Spielman LJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:149-163. [PMID: 30114473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms, termed the human microbiota, resides mainly within the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely accepted that highly diverse and stable microbiota promote overall human health. Colonization of the gut with maladaptive and pathogenic microbiota, a state also known as dysbiosis, is associated with a variety of peripheral diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with a number of brain pathologies, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a direct or indirect communication between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we illustrate two pathways implicated in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and CNS involving 1) the vagus nerve and 2) transmission of signaling molecules through the circulatory system and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We summarize the available evidence of the specific changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as microorganism-induced modifications to intestinal and BBB permeability, which have been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders including ALS, AD, and PD. Even though each of these diseases arises from unique pathogenetic mechanisms, all are characterized, at least in part, by chronic neuroinflammation. We provide an interpretation for the substantial evidence that healthy intestinal microbiota have the ability to positively regulate the neuroimmune responses in the CNS. Even though the evidence is mainly associative, it has been suggested that bacterial dysbiosis could contribute to an adverse neuroinflammatory state leading to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, developing strategies for regulating and maintaining healthy intestinal microbiota could be a valid approach for lowering individual risk and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Lynn Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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48
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Sochocka M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Diniz BS, Kurpas D, Brzozowska E, Leszek J. The Gut Microbiome Alterations and Inflammation-Driven Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease-a Critical Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1841-1851. [PMID: 29936690 PMCID: PMC6394610 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important scientific discoveries of recent years was the disclosure that the intestinal microflora takes part in bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Scientists suggest that human gut microflora may even act as the “second brain” and be responsible for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although human-associated microbial communities are generally stable, they can be altered by common human actions and experiences. Enteric bacteria, commensal, and pathogenic microorganisms, may have a major impact on immune system, brain development, and behavior, as they are able to produce several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators like serotonin, kynurenine, catecholamine, etc., as well as amyloids. However, brain destructive mechanisms, that can lead to dementia and AD, start with the intestinal microbiome dysbiosis, development of local and systemic inflammation, and dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Increased permeability of the gut epithelial barrier results in invasion of different bacteria, viruses, and their neuroactive products that support neuroinflammatory reactions in the brain. It seems that, inflammatory-infectious hypothesis of AD, with the great role of the gut microbiome, starts to gently push into the shadow the amyloid cascade hypothesis that has dominated for decades. It is strongly postulated that AD may begin in the gut, and is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. This is promising area for therapeutic intervention. Modulation of gut microbiota through personalized diet or beneficial microbiota intervention, alter microbial partners and their products including amyloid protein, will probably become a new treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Breno Satler Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and The Consortium on Aging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Shang Q, Wang Y, Pan L, Niu Q, Li C, Jiang H, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha Clathrata Modulates Gut Microbiota and Promotes the Growth of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E167. [PMID: 29772753 PMCID: PMC5983298 DOI: 10.3390/md16050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that Enteromorpha clathrata polysaccharide (ECP) could contribute to the treatment of diseases. However, as a promising candidate for marine drug development, although ECP has been extensively studied, less consideration has been given to exploring its effect on gut microbiota. In this light, given the critical role of gut microbiota in health and disease, we investigated here the effect of ECP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. As revealed by bioinformatic analyses, ECP considerably changed the structure of the gut microbiota and significantly promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria in C57BL/6J mice. However, interestingly, ECP exerted different effects on male and female microbiota. In females, ECP increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila, a next-generation probiotic bacterium, whereas in males, ECP increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. Moreover, by shaping a more balanced structure of the microbiota, ECP remarkably reduced the antigen load from the gut in females. Altogether, our study demonstrates for the first time a prebiotic effect of ECP on gut microbiota and forms the basis for the development of ECP as a novel gut microbiota modulator for health promotion and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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50
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Lopresti AL, Gupta H, Smith SJ. A poly-herbal blend (Herbagut®) on adults presenting with gastrointestinal complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:98. [PMID: 29554961 PMCID: PMC5859649 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a poly-herbal formulation, Herbagut, for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and its effect on quality of life parameters in patients presenting with self-reported, unsatisfactory bowel habits. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty adults with self-reported unsatisfactory bowel habits, primarily characterised by chronic constipation were randomly allocated to take Herbagut or a matching placebo for 28 days. Efficacy of gastrointestinal changes was measured by the completion of a patient daily diary evaluating changes in stool type (Bristol Stool Form Scale), ease of bowel movements, and feeling of complete evacuation; and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Changes in quality of life were also examined using the World Health Organization Quality of Life – abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL). Results All participants completed the 28-day trial with no adverse events reported. Compared to the placebo, weekly bowel movements increased over time (p < .001), as did self-reported, normal bowel motions (76% vs 4%; p < .001). Self-reported incomplete evacuation was also lower in the Herbagut group compared to placebo (24% vs 76%; p = <.001). GSRS domain ratings for abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion, and reflux also decreased significantly in people taking Herbagut compared to placebo (p < .001, for all domains). Moreover, quality of life significantly improved in the Herbagut group compared to placebo as indicated by significantly greater improvement in WHOQOL-BREF domain ratings for overall quality of life, social relations, environmental health, psychological health, and physical health (p < .001, for all domains); and PAC-QOL domain ratings for physical discomfort, psychosocial discomfort, worries and concerns, and life satisfaction (p < .001, for all domains). The changes were considered clinically meaningful as evidenced by their large effect sizes. Conclusion Herbagut ingestion over a 28-day period resulted in improvements in several gastrointestinal symptoms and overall quality of life. Further investigation utilising larger sample sizes and diverse clinical and cultural populations are needed. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry- India /2016/11/007479. Registered 24 April 2015 (retrospectively registered). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2168-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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