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Sagredo GT, Tanglay O, Shahdadpuri S, Fu Y, Halliday GM. ⍺-Synuclein levels in Parkinson's disease - Cell types and forms that contribute to pathogenesis. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114887. [PMID: 39009177 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has two main pathological hallmarks, the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the proteinaceous aggregations of ⍺-synuclein (⍺Syn) in neuronal Lewy pathology. These two co-existing features suggest a causative association between ⍺Syn aggregation and the underpinning mechanism of neuronal degeneration in PD. Both increased levels and post-translational modifications of ⍺Syn can contribute to the formation of pathological aggregations of ⍺Syn in neurons. Recent studies have shown that the protein is also expressed by multiple types of non-neuronal cells in the brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting additional roles of the protein and potential diversity in non-neuronal pathogenic triggers. It is important to determine (1) the threshold levels triggering ⍺Syn to convert from a biological to a pathologic form in different brain cells in PD; (2) the dominant form of pathologic ⍺Syn and the associated post-translational modification of the protein in each cell type involved in PD; and (3) the cell type associated biological processes impacted by pathologic ⍺Syn in PD. This review integrates these aspects and speculates on potential pathological mechanisms and their impact on neuronal and non-neuronal ⍺Syn in the brains of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Tatiana Sagredo
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrey Shahdadpuri
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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2
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Lyra P, Botelho J, Rota S, Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Machado V, Guerreiro D, Proença L, Barroso H, Mendes JJ, Chaudhuri KR. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy's Influence on Alpha-Synuclein and Inflammatory Marker Levels: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3586. [PMID: 38930115 PMCID: PMC11204787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) homeostasis disruption, yet the burden of inflammatory periodontal infection and its treatment have never been studied in this regard. We aimed to compare the cytokine and α-Syn levels in the saliva and blood of patients with periodontitis who underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and those of their healthy counterparts. Methods: Periodontal examination and saliva and blood sample collection were carried out in incoming patients at a university clinic. The periodontitis group (PG) received NSPT. The sample collection and periodontal observation were repeated 30 days after. IL-6, IL1-β and total α-Syn were quantified using immunoassay methods. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated as a proxy for periodontal inflammation. Results: Eleven participants formed the PG, and there were fifteen healthy controls (HC). At baseline, no correlation between salivary and plasma α-Syn was found. The salivary α-Syn levels revealed a tendency to decrease 30 days after, particularly in the PD cases. The variation in PISA and α-Syn showed significant correlation. Salivary α-Syn correlated negatively with salivary IL-6 levels at both timepoints in the total sample (rho = -0.394 and rho = -0.451) and in the HC (rho = -0.632 and rho = -0.561). Variations in plasma IL-6 and α-Syn were negatively correlated (rho = -0.518) in the healthy participants. Baseline plasma IL1-β negatively correlated with plasmatic α-Syn at 30 days in the HC (rho = -0.581). Conclusions: Salivary and plasma α-Syn bioavailability operate independently, and periodontal diagnosis was not a confounding factor. Salivary α-Syn levels were significantly affected by NSPT, contrary to plasma levels. These results should be confirmed in future larger and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (S.R.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Daniela Guerreiro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Helena Barroso
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (S.R.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
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3
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Houerbi N, Kim J, Overbey EG, Batra R, Schweickart A, Patras L, Lucotti S, Ryon KA, Najjar D, Meydan C, Damle N, Chin C, Narayanan SA, Guarnieri JW, Widjaja G, Beheshti A, Tobias G, Vatter F, Hirschberg JW, Kleinman A, Afshin EE, MacKay M, Chen Q, Miller D, Gajadhar AS, Williamson L, Tandel P, Yang Q, Chu J, Benz R, Siddiqui A, Hornburg D, Gross S, Shirah B, Krumsiek J, Mateus J, Mao X, Matei I, Mason CE. Secretome profiling reveals acute changes in oxidative stress, brain homeostasis, and coagulation following short-duration spaceflight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4862. [PMID: 38862464 PMCID: PMC11166969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As spaceflight becomes more common with commercial crews, blood-based measures of crew health can guide both astronaut biomedicine and countermeasures. By profiling plasma proteins, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles/particles (EVPs) from the SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, we generated "spaceflight secretome profiles," which showed significant differences in coagulation, oxidative stress, and brain-enriched proteins. While >93% of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in vesicles and metabolites recovered within six months, the majority (73%) of plasma DAPs were still perturbed post-flight. Moreover, these proteomic alterations correlated better with peripheral blood mononuclear cells than whole blood, suggesting that immune cells contribute more DAPs than erythrocytes. Finally, to discern possible mechanisms leading to brain-enriched protein detection and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, we examined protein changes in dissected brains of spaceflight mice, which showed increases in PECAM-1, a marker of BBB integrity. These data highlight how even short-duration spaceflight can disrupt human and murine physiology and identify spaceflight biomarkers that can guide countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Houerbi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richa Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalise Schweickart
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Biology and Medicine program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista A Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gabrielle Widjaja
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Tobias
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Fanny Vatter
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | | | - Ashley Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawson Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Qiu Yang
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | | | - Ryan Benz
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Biology and Medicine program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jaime Mateus
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX), Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional Biology and Medicine program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Shu H, Zhang P, Gu L. Alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluid as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:831-842. [PMID: 38170418 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluids can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains in controversy. This study evaluates diagnostic potential of alpha-synuclein for PD in various peripheral body fluids using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS Studies published before October 2022 were searched in Web of Science and PubMed databases. The results were computed using the STATA 12.0 statistical software. RESULTS In plasma, PD patients exhibited elevated alpha-synuclein levels relative to healthy controls (HCs) [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42 to 1.15] with a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Higher plasma alpha-synuclein levels were correlated with longer disease durations, higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores, and higher Hoehn and Yahr stages in PD patients. Plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein levels (SMD = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.30 to 3.35), ratio of plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein to total alpha-synuclein (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.33), and erythrocytic alpha-synuclein levels were also increased in PD patients (SMD = 6.57, 95% CI = 3.55 to 9.58). In serum, there was no significant difference in alpha-synuclein levels between PD patients and HCs (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = - 0.27 to 1.34). In saliva, reduced alpha-synuclein levels were observed in PD patients (SMD = - 0.85, 95% CI = - 1.67 to - 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Alpha-synuclein levels in plasma, plasma neural-derived exosome, erythrocyte, and saliva may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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5
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Saadati A, Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N. An innovative transportable immune device for the recognition of α-synuclein using KCC-1- nPr-CS 2 modified silver nano-ink: integration of pen-on-paper technology with biosensing toward early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8810-8818. [PMID: 38495975 PMCID: PMC10941091 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness, is a neurological ailment that produces unintentional or uncontrolled body movements, which should be diagnosed in its early stages to hinder the progression. Monitoring the concentration of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in body fluids can be one of the most efficient ways for PD early detection. In this work, a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor was designed for α-Syn bio-assay in human plasma samples based on encapsulation of the biotinylated antibody on novel dendritic fibrous nanosilica ((KCC-1-nPr-CS2)-Ab). For this purpose, a three-electrode system was prepared using stabilization of silver nano-ink on photographic paper. Then, the (KCC-1-NH-CS2)-Ab was immobilized on its surface and used to detect the target antigen (α-Syn). After characterization of the prepared substrate by FE-SEM and EDS, the redox behavior of the biosensor was evaluated using chronoamperometry techniques. Under optimal experimental conditions and using a label-free strategy, the engineered immunosensor showed a linear relationship between peak current and antigen concentration in the linear range from 0.002 to 128 ng mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.002 ng mL-1. Moreover, this work involves unprecedented use of conductive nano-inks for the manufacture of α-Syn immunosensor, which is aided by the use of a mesoporous silicate dendrimer in encapsulating the α-Syn antibody, thus offering a robust and simple point-of-care device for early PD diagnosis. The ability of the proposed platform to detect small amounts of α-Syn offers a promising approach to developing low-cost, sensitive, and transportable biosensors for Parkinson's disease screening in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saadati
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hossein Navay Baghban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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Salaramoli S, Joshaghani HR, Hosseini M, Hashemy SI. Therapeutic Effects of Selenium on Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Outcomes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1115-1125. [PMID: 37386228 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of accumulated alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in substantia nigra. Research has shown that selenium (Se) can protect neural cells through the actions of selenoproteins, including selenoprotein P (SelP) and selenoprotein S (SelS), which participate in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In this study, we investigated the potential protective role of Se in a pre-clinical PD rat model.We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Se administration in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced unilateral rat PD model. Male Wistar rats were utilised for unilateral PD animal model which were subjected to stereotaxic surgery and injected with 20 μg 6-OHDA/5 μl 0.2% ascorbate saline. After confirming the model, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite for 7 days. We then performed behavioral tests, including apomorphine-induced rotation, hanging, and rotarod tests. Following sacrifice, we analysed the substantia nigra area of the brain and serum for protein quantification, element analysis, and gene expression analysis.Our results indicate that the administration of 0.3 mg/kg of Se improved the motor deficiency in hanging, rotarod, and apomorphine-induced rotational tests. While there was no significant improvement in the expression of α-Syn, Se increased the expression of selenoproteins. Additionally, levels of selenoproteins, Se, and α-Syn both brain and serum were re-established by the treatment, suggesting the role of Se on the α-Syn accumulation. Furthermore, Se improved PD-induced biochemical deficits by increasing the levels of SelS and SelP (p<0.005).In conclusion, our findings suggest that Se may have a protective role in PD. 0.3 mg/kg dosage of Se increased the expression of selenoproteins, reduced the accumulation of α-Syn in the brain, and improved PD-induced motor deficits. These results suggest that Se may be a potential therapeutic option for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Salaramoli
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Sonuç Karaboğa MN, Ünal MA, Arı F, Sezgintürk MK, Özkan SA. An innovative method for the detection of alpha synuclein, a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease: quartz tuning fork-based mass sensitive immunosensor design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5106-5114. [PMID: 38259152 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
An innovative biosensing fabrication strategy has been demonstrated for the first time using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) to develop a practical immunosensor for sensitive, selective and practical analysis of alpha synuclein protein (SYN alpha), a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Functionalization of gold-coated QTFs was carried out in 2 steps by forming a self-assembled monolayer with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The selective determination range for SYN alpha of the developed biosensor system is 1-500 ng mL-1 in accordance with the resonance frequency shifts associated with a limit of detection of 0.098 ng mL-1. The changes in surface morphology and elemental composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The remarkable point of the study is that this QTF based mass sensitive biosensor system can capture the SYN alpha target protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with recoveries ranging from 92% to 104%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fikret Arı
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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8
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Di Mari GM, Scuderi M, Lanza G, Salluzzo MG, Salemi M, Caraci F, Bruno E, Strano V, Mirabella S, Scandurra A. Pain-Free Alpha-Synuclein Detection by Low-Cost Hierarchical Nanowire Based Electrode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38251136 PMCID: PMC10819810 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the early detection of the neurodegenerative biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein, are time-consuming and invasive, and require skilled personnel and sophisticated and expensive equipment. Thus, a pain-free, prompt and simple α-synuclein biosensor for detection in plasma is highly demanded. In this paper, an α-synuclein electrochemical biosensor based on hierarchical polyglutamic acid/ZnO nanowires decorated by gold nanoparticles, assembled as nanostars (NSs), for the determination of α-synuclein in human plasma is proposed. ZnO NSs were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and decorated with electrodeposited Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). Then, electro-polymerized glutamic acid was grown and functionalized with anti-α-synuclein. A synergistic enhancement of electrode sensitivity was observed when Au NPs were embedded into ZnO NSs. The analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), using the Fe(II)(CN)64-/Fe(III)(CN)63- probe. The charge transfer resistance after α-synuclein recognition was found to be linear, with a concentration in the range of 0.5 pg·mL-1 to 10 pg·mL-1, a limit of detection of 0.08 pg·mL-1, and good reproducibility (5% variation) and stability (90%). The biosensor was also shown to reliably discriminate between healthy plasma and PD plasma. These results suggest that the proposed biosensor provides a rapid, quantitative and high-sensitivity result of the α-synuclein content in plasma, and represents a feasible tool capable of accelerating the early and non-invasive identification of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella M. Di Mari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mario Scuderi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Salluzzo
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Salemi
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Bruno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzina Strano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvo Mirabella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Scandurra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
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9
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Huber CC, Wang H. Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:75-79. [PMID: 37488847 PMCID: PMC10479842 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming years. While therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief, effective treatments that can stop or reverse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are lacking. Recently, research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively studied. Exosomes, 30-150 nm in diameter, are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accordingly, the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease biomarkers. On the other hand, exosomes, especially those derived from stem cells, could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders, as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological diseases. This review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders. We also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa C. Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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10
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Camacho-Ordonez A, Cervantes-Arriaga A, Rodríguez-Violante M, Hernandez-Medrano AJ, Somilleda-Ventura SA, Pérez-Cano HJ, Nava-Castañeda Á, Guerrero-Berger O. Is there any correlation between alpha-synuclein levels in tears and retinal layer thickness in Parkinson's disease? Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:252-259. [PMID: 37151018 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231173725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the total alpha-synuclein (αSyn) reflex tears and its association with retinal layers thickness in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Fifty-two eyes of 26 PD subjects and 52 eyes of age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Total αSyn in reflex tears was quantified using a human total αSyn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The retinal thickness was evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinsońs Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess motor, non-motor, and cognition. RESULTS In PD, total αSyn levels were increased compared to control subjects [1.76pg/mL (IQR 1.74-1.80) vs 1.73pg/mL (IQR 1.70-1.77), p < 0.004]. The nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, internal plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer were thinner in PD in comparison with controls (p < 0.05). The outer plexiform layer and retinal pigment epithelium were thicker in PD (p < 0.05). The total αSyn levels positively correlated with the central volume of the inner nuclear layer (r = 0.357, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Total αSyn reflex tear levels were increased in subjects with PD compared to controls. PD patients showed significant thinning of the inner retinal layers and thickening of outer retinal layers in comparison with controls. Total αSyn levels positively correlate with the central volume of the inner nuclear layer in PD. The combination of these biomarkers might have a possible role as a diagnostic tool in PD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azyadeh Camacho-Ordonez
- Neuro-ophthalmology Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
- Anterior Segment Department, Fundacion Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz, IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amin Cervantes-Arriaga
- Movement Disorder Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hector J Pérez-Cano
- Biomedical Research Center, Fundacion Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz, IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Nava-Castañeda
- Oculoplastics Department, Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Guerrero-Berger
- Anterior Segment Department, Fundacion Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz, IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Tolea MI, Ezzeddine R, Camacho S, Galvin JE. Emerging drugs for dementia with Lewy Bodies: a review of Phase II & III trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:167-180. [PMID: 37531299 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2244425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite faster cognitive decline and greater negative impact on patients and family caregivers, drug development efforts in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) fall behind those for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Current off-label drug DLB treatment options are limited to symptomatic agents developed to address cognitive deficits in AD, motor deficits in Parkinson's Disease, or behavioral symptoms in psychiatric disease. Aided by recent improvements in DLB diagnosis, a new focus on the development of disease-modifying agents (DMA) is emerging. AREAS COVERED Driven by evidence supporting different pathological mechanisms in DLB and PDD, this review assesses the evidence on symptomatic drug treatments and describes current efforts in DMA development in DLB. Specifically, our goals were to: (1) review evidence supporting the use of symptomatic drug treatments in DLB; (2) review the current DMA pipeline in DLB with a focus on Phase II and III clinical trials; and (3) identify potential issues with the development of DMA in DLB. Included in this review were completed and ongoing drug clinical trials in DLB registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (no time limits set for the search) or disseminated at the 2023 international conference on Clinical Trials in AD. Drug clinical trials registered in non-US clinical trial registries were not included. EXPERT OPINION Adoption of current symptomatic drug treatments used off-label in DLB relied on efficacy of benefits in other disorders rather than evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials. Symptoms remain difficult to manage. Several DMA drugs are currently being evaluated as either repurposing candidates or novel small molecules. Continued improvement in methodological aspects including development of DLB-specific outcome measures and biomarkers is needed to move the field of DMA drug development forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena I Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Reem Ezzeddine
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simone Camacho
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James E Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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12
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Zhang YP, Lobanova E, Emin D, Lobanov SV, Kouli A, Williams-Gray CH, Klenerman D. Imaging Protein Aggregates in Parkinson's Disease Serum Using Aptamer-Assisted Single-Molecule Pull-Down. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15254-15263. [PMID: 37782556 PMCID: PMC10585954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation of soluble α-synuclein (α-syn) and amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current methods mainly focus on the measurement of the aggregate concentration and are unable to determine their heterogeneous size and shape, which potentially also change during the development of PD due to increased protein aggregation. In this work, we introduce aptamer-assisted single-molecule pull-down (APSiMPull) combined with super-resolution fluorescence imaging of α-syn and Aβ aggregates in human serum from early PD patients and age-matched controls. Our diffraction-limited imaging results indicate that the proportion of α-syn aggregates (α-syn/(α-syn+Aβ)) can be used to distinguish PD and control groups with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Further, super resolution fluorescence imaging reveals that PD serums have a higher portion of larger and rounder α-syn aggregates than controls. Little difference was observed for Aβ aggregates. Combining these two metrics, we constructed a new biomarker and achieved an AUC of 0.90. The combination of the aggregate number and morphology provides a new approach to early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu P. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK
Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeniia Lobanova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK
Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Derya Emin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK
Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey V. Lobanov
- Medical
Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina Kouli
- Department
of Clinical Neurosciences, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK
Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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13
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Sachan N, Tiwari N, Patel DK, Katiyar D, Srikrishna S, Singh MP. Dyshomeostasis of Iron and Its Transporter Proteins in Cypermethrin-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5838-5852. [PMID: 37351784 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly complex and is still indefinable. However, a number of studies have indicated the involvement of pesticides and transition metals. Copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc have emerged as important metal contributors. Exposure to pesticides causes an accumulation of transition metals in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. The cypermethrin model of PD is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy impairment, oxidative stress, etc. However, the effect of cypermethrin on metal homeostasis is not yet explored. The study was designed to delineate the role of metals and their transporter proteins in cypermethrin-induced animal and cellular models of PD. The level of copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc was checked in the nigrostriatal tissue and serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Since cypermethrin consistently increased iron content in the nigrostriatal tissue and serum after 12 weeks of exposure, the level of iron transporter proteins, such as divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1), ceruloplasmin, transferrin, ferroportin, and hepcidin, and their in silico interaction with cypermethrin were checked. 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine-enhanced Perl's staining showed an elevated number of iron-positive cells in the SN of cypermethrin-treated rats. Molecular docking studies revealed a strong binding affinity between cypermethrin and iron transporter protein receptors of humans and rats. Furthermore, cypermethrin increased the expression of DMT-1 and hepcidin while reducing the expression of transferrin, ceruloplasmin, and ferroportin in the nigrostriatal tissue and human neuroblastoma cells. These observations suggest that cypermethrin alters the expression of iron transporter proteins leading to iron dyshomeostasis, which could contribute to dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sachan
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Varanasi, 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Katiyar
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Varanasi, 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Rocha SM, Kirkley KS, Chatterjee D, Aboellail TA, Smeyne RJ, Tjalkens RB. Microglia-specific knock-out of NF-κB/IKK2 increases the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein through the inhibition of p62/sequestosome-1-dependent autophagy in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2154-2179. [PMID: 37199240 PMCID: PMC10330367 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, with a greater prevalence in men than women. The etiology of PD is largely unknown, although environmental exposures and neuroinflammation are linked to protein misfolding and disease progression. Activated microglia are known to promote neuroinflammation in PD, but how environmental agents interact with specific innate immune signaling pathways in microglia to stimulate conversion to a neurotoxic phenotype is not well understood. To determine how nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling dynamics in microglia modulate neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, we generated mice deficient in NF-κB activation in microglia (CX3CR1-Cre::IKK2fl/fl ) and exposed them to 2.5 mg/kg/day of rotenone for 14 days, followed by a 14-day post-lesioning incubation period. We postulated that inhibition of NF-κB signaling in microglia would reduce overall inflammatory injury in lesioned mice. Subsequent analysis indicated decreased expression of the NF-κB-regulated autophagy gene, sequestosome 1 (p62), in microglia, which is required for targeting ubiquitinated α-synuclein (α-syn) for lysosomal degradation. Knock-out animals had increased accumulation of misfolded α-syn within microglia, despite an overall reduction in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, this occurred more prominently in males. These data suggest that microglia play key biological roles in the degradation and clearance of misfolded α-syn and this process works in concert with the innate immune response associated with neuroinflammation. Importantly, the accumulation of misfolded α-syn protein aggregates alone did not increase neurodegeneration following exposure to rotenone but required the NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah M. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Kelly S. Kirkley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Debotri Chatterjee
- Jefferson Comprehensive Parkinson’s Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Tawfik A. Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Jefferson Comprehensive Parkinson’s Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ronald B. Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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15
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Tomitaka A, Vashist A, Kolishetti N, Nair M. Machine learning assisted-nanomedicine using magnetic nanoparticles for central nervous system diseases. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4354-4367. [PMID: 37638161 PMCID: PMC10448356 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles possess unique properties distinct from other types of nanoparticles developed for biomedical applications. Their unique magnetic properties and multifunctionalities are especially beneficial for central nervous system (CNS) disease therapy and diagnostics, as well as targeted and personalized applications using image-guided therapy and theranostics. This review discusses the recent development of magnetic nanoparticles for CNS applications, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and drug addiction. Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly applied towards the processing, optimization and development of nanomaterials. By using data-driven approach, ML has the potential to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical research. We review ML approaches used within the various stages of nanomedicine development, from nanoparticle synthesis and characterization to performance prediction and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria Texas 77901 USA
| | - Arti Vashist
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
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16
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Santos-García D, Martínez-Valbuena I, Agúndez JAG. Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37627328 PMCID: PMC10452242 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible usefulness of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) determinations in peripheral tissues (blood cells, salivary gland biopsies, olfactory mucosa, digestive tract, skin) and in biological fluids, except for cerebrospinal fluid (serum, plasma, saliva, feces, urine), as a marker of several diseases, has been the subject of numerous publications. This narrative review summarizes data from studies trying to determine the role of total, oligomeric, and phosphorylated aSyn determinations as a marker of various diseases, especially PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In summary, the results of studies addressing the determinations of aSyn in its different forms in peripheral tissues (especially in platelets, skin, and digestive tract, but also salivary glands and olfactory mucosa), in combination with other potential biomarkers, could be a useful tool to discriminate PD from controls and from other causes of parkinsonisms, including synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - Diego Santos-García
- Department of Neurology, CHUAC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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17
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Lamberty BG, Estrella LD, Mattingly JE, Emanuel K, Trease A, Totusek S, Sheldon L, George JW, Almikhlafi MA, Farmer T, Stauch KL. Parkinson's disease relevant pathological features are manifested in male Pink1/Parkin deficient rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100656. [PMID: 37484197 PMCID: PMC10362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal disease models are important for neuroscience experimentation and in the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The major neurodegenerative disorder leading to motor impairments is Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of hereditary forms of PD uncovered gene mutations and variants, such as loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, two proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control, that could be harnessed to create animal models. However, to date, such models have not reproducibly recapitulated major aspects of the disease. Here, we describe the generation and phenotypic characterization of a combined Pink1/Parkin double knockout (dKO) rat, which reproducibly exhibits PD-relevant abnormalities, particularly in male animals. Motor dysfunction in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats was characterized by gait abnormalities and decreased rearing frequency, the latter of which was responsive to levodopa treatment. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited elevated plasma levels of neurofilament light chain and significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Glial cell activation was also observed in the SNpc. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats showed elevated plasma and reduced cerebrospinal levels of alpha-synuclein as well as the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the striatum. Further, the profile of circulating lymphocytes was altered, as elevated CD3+CD4+ T cells and reduced CD3+CD8+ T cells in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats were found. This coincided with mitochondrial dysfunction and infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the striatum. Altogether, the Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited phenotypes similar to what is seen with PD patients, thus highlighting the suitability of this model for mechanistic studies of the role of Pink1 and Parkin in PD pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly L. Stauch
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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18
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Hou TZ, Yang HM, Cheng YZ, Gu L, Zhang JN, Zhang H. The Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein inhibits hepatoma by exosome delivery. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1163-1175. [PMID: 37144864 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies suggest a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer. However, their relevant pathogenesis is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of exosome-delivered α-synuclein (α-syn) in the regulation between PD and liver cancer. We cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with exosomes derived from conditioned medium of the PD cellular model, and injected exosomes enriched with α-syn into the striatum of a liver cancer rat model. We found that α-syn-contained exosomes from the rotenone-induced cellular model of PD suppressed the growth, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Integrin αVβ5 in exosomes from the rotenone-induced PD model was higher than that in the control, resulting in more α-syn-contained exosomes being taken up by HCC cells. Consistently, in vivo experiments with rat models also confirmed exosome-delivered α-syn inhibited liver cancer. These findings illustrate the important role of PD-associated protein α-syn inhibiting hepatoma by exosome delivery, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between these two diseases and therapeutics of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhong Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhong Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Watt KJC, Meade RM, James TD, Mason JM. Development of a hydroxyflavone-labelled 4554W peptide probe for monitoring αS aggregation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10968. [PMID: 37414785 PMCID: PMC10326036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with the number of individuals susceptible due to increase as a result of increasing life expectancy and a growing worldwide population. However, despite the number of individuals affected, all current treatments for PD are symptomatic-they alleviate symptoms, but do not slow disease progression. A major reason for the lack of disease-modifying treatments is that there are currently no methods to diagnose individuals during the earliest stages of the disease, nor are there any methods to monitor disease progression at a biochemical level. Herein, we have designed and evaluated a peptide-based probe to monitor αS aggregation, with a particular focus on the earliest stages of the aggregation process and the formation of oligomers. We have identified the peptide-probe K1 as being suitable for further development to be applied to number of applications including: inhibition of αS aggregation; as a probe to monitor αS aggregation, particularly at the earliest stages before Thioflavin-T is active; and a method to detect early-oligomers. With further development and in vivo validation, we anticipate this probe could be used for the early diagnosis of PD, a method to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics, and as a tool to help in the understanding of the onset and development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J C Watt
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard M Meade
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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20
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Coughlin DG, Irwin DJ. Fluid and Biopsy Based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:932-954. [PMID: 37138160 PMCID: PMC10457253 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several advances in fluid and tissue-based biomarkers for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies have been made in the last several years. While work continues on species of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and other proteins which can be measured from spinal fluid and plasma samples, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence from peripheral tissue biopsies and alpha-synuclein seeding amplification assays (aSyn-SAA: including real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA)) now offer a crucial advancement in their ability to identify aSyn species in PD patients in a categorical fashion (i.e., of aSyn + vs aSyn -); to augment clinical diagnosis however, aSyn-specific assays that have quantitative relevance to pathological burden remain an unmet need. Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology is commonly found postmortem in PD, especially in those who develop dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Biofluid biomarkers for tau and amyloid beta species can detect AD co-pathology in PD and DLB, which does have relevance for prognosis, but further work is needed to understand the interplay of aSyn tau, amyloid beta, and other pathological changes to generate comprehensive biomarker profiles for patients in a manner translatable to clinical trial design and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9444 Medical Center Drive, ECOB 03-021, MCC 0886, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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21
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Detecting α-synuclein seeds in serum to diagnose synucleinopathies. Nat Med 2023:10.1038/s41591-023-02402-8. [PMID: 37286808 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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22
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Okuzumi A, Hatano T, Matsumoto G, Nojiri S, Ueno SI, Imamichi-Tatano Y, Kimura H, Kakuta S, Kondo A, Fukuhara T, Li Y, Funayama M, Saiki S, Taniguchi D, Tsunemi T, McIntyre D, Gérardy JJ, Mittelbronn M, Kruger R, Uchiyama Y, Nukina N, Hattori N. Propagative α-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies. Nat Med 2023; 29:1448-1455. [PMID: 37248302 PMCID: PMC10287557 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation is a key pathological feature of a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The pathogenic β-sheet seed conformation of α-synuclein is found in various tissues, suggesting potential as a biomarker, but few studies have been able to reliably detect these seeds in serum samples. In this study, we developed a modified assay system, called immunoprecipitation-based real-time quaking-induced conversion (IP/RT-QuIC), which enables the detection of pathogenic α-synuclein seeds in the serum of individuals with synucleinopathies. In our internal first and second cohorts, IP/RT-QuIC showed high diagnostic performance for differentiating PD versus controls (area under the curve (AUC): 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99)/AUC: 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.00)) and MSA versus controls (AUC: 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.79)/AUC: 0.73 (95% CI 0.49-0.98)). IP/RT-QuIC also showed high diagnostic performance in differentiating individuals with PD (AUC: 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99)) and MSA (AUC: 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.97)) from controls in a blinded external cohort. Notably, amplified seeds maintained disease-specific properties, allowing the differentiation of samples from individuals with PD versus MSA. In summary, here we present a novel platform that may allow the detection of individuals with synucleinopathies using serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Haruka Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuhara
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deborah McIntyre
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL); Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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23
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Qamar MA, Rota S, Batzu L, Subramanian I, Falup-Pecurariu C, Titova N, Metta V, Murasan L, Odin P, Padmakumar C, Kukkle PL, Borgohain R, Kandadai RM, Goyal V, Chaudhuri KR. Chaudhuri's Dashboard of Vitals in Parkinson's syndrome: an unmet need underpinned by real life clinical tests. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1174698. [PMID: 37305739 PMCID: PMC10248458 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1174698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently published the notion of the "vitals" of Parkinson's, a conglomeration of signs and symptoms, largely nonmotor, that must not be missed and yet often not considered in neurological consultations, with considerable societal and personal detrimental consequences. This "dashboard," termed the Chaudhuri's vitals of Parkinson's, are summarized as 5 key vital symptoms or signs and comprise of (a) motor, (b) nonmotor, (c) visual, gut, and oral health, (d) bone health and falls, and finally (e) comorbidities, comedication, and dopamine agonist side effects, such as impulse control disorders. Additionally, not addressing the vitals also may reflect inadequate management strategies, leading to worsening quality of life and diminished wellness, a new concept for people with Parkinson's. In this paper, we discuss possible, simple to use, and clinically relevant tests that can be used to monitor the status of these vitals, so that these can be incorporated into clinical practice. We also use the term Parkinson's syndrome to describe Parkinson's disease, as the term "disease" is now abandoned in many countries, such as the U.K., reflecting the heterogeneity of Parkinson's, which is now considered by many as a syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher A. Qamar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Rota
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania
| | - Nataliya Titova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vinod Metta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lulia Murasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania
| | - Per Odin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Prashanth L. Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Karnataka, India, Bangalore
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rukmini Mridula Kandadai
- Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Autonomous University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Neurology Department, Medanta, Gurugram, India
| | - Kallo Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Citterio LA, Mancuso R, Agostini S, Meloni M, Clerici M. Serum and Exosomal miR-7-1-5p and miR-223-3p as Possible Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050865. [PMID: 37238734 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood, and is strongly suspected to include both genetic and environmental factors. In this context, it is essential to investigate possible biomarkers for both prognostic and diagnostic purposes. Several studies reported dysregulated microRNA expression in neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Using ddPCR, we investigated the concentrations of miR-7-1-5p, miR-499-3p, miR-223-3p and miR-223-5p-miRNAs involved in the α-synuclein pathway and in inflammation-in the serum and serum-isolated exosomes of 45 PD patients and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). While miR-499-3p and miR-223-5p showed no differences (1), serum concentration of miR-7-1-5p was significantly increased (p = 0.0007 vs. HC) and (2) miR-223-3p serum (p = 0.0006) and exosome (p = 0.0002) concentrations were significantly increased. ROC curve analysis showed that miR-223-3p and miR-7-1-5p serum concentration discriminates between PD and HC (p = 0.0001, in both cases). Notably, in PD patients, both miR-223-3p serum (p = 0.0008) and exosome (p = 0.006) concentrations correlated with levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD). Finally, serum α-synuclein was increased in PD patients compared to HC (p = 0.025), and in patients correlated with serum miR-7-1-5p in (p = 0.05). Our results suggest that both miR-7-1-5p and miR-223-3p, distinguishing PD from HC, have the potential to be useful and non-invasive biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Agostini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Meloni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
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25
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De Figueiredo I, Bartenlian B, Van der Rest G, Pallandre A, Halgand F. Proteomics Methodologies: The Search of Protein Biomarkers Using Microfluidic Systems Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020019. [PMID: 37218924 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein biomarkers have been the subject of intensive studies as a target for disease diagnostics and monitoring. Indeed, biomarkers have been extensively used for personalized medicine. In biological samples, these biomarkers are most often present in low concentrations masked by a biologically complex proteome (e.g., blood) making their detection difficult. This complexity is further increased by the needs to detect proteoforms and proteome complexity such as the dynamic range of compound concentrations. The development of techniques that simultaneously pre-concentrate and identify low-abundance biomarkers in these proteomes constitutes an avant-garde approach to the early detection of pathologies. Chromatographic-based methods are widely used for protein separation, but these methods are not adapted for biomarker discovery, as they require complex sample handling due to the low biomarker concentration. Therefore, microfluidics devices have emerged as a technology to overcome these shortcomings. In terms of detection, mass spectrometry (MS) is the standard analytical tool given its high sensitivity and specificity. However, for MS, the biomarker must be introduced as pure as possible in order to avoid chemical noise and improve sensitivity. As a result, microfluidics coupled with MS has become increasingly popular in the field of biomarker discovery. This review will show the different approaches to protein enrichment using miniaturized devices and the importance of their coupling with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel De Figueiredo
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Saclay, Avenue Jean Perrin, F91400 Orsay, France
| | - Bernard Bartenlian
- Centre des Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies, Université Paris Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, F91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Guillaume Van der Rest
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Saclay, Avenue Jean Perrin, F91400 Orsay, France
| | - Antoine Pallandre
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Saclay, Avenue Jean Perrin, F91400 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Halgand
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Saclay, Avenue Jean Perrin, F91400 Orsay, France
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26
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Lyra P, Machado V, Rota S, Chaudhuri KR, Botelho J, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Alpha-Synuclein Pathways to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087137. [PMID: 37108299 PMCID: PMC10138587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a short presynaptic protein with an active role on synaptic vesicle traffic and the neurotransmitter release and reuptake cycle. The α-Syn pathology intertwines with the formation of Lewy Bodies (multiprotein intraneuronal aggregations), which, combined with inflammatory events, define various α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on α-Syn mechanistic pathways to inflammation, as well as the eventual role of microbial dysbiosis on α-Syn. Furthermore, we explore the possible influence of inflammatory mitigation on α-Syn. In conclusion, and given the rising burden of neurodegenerative disorders, it is pressing to clarify the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies, in order to consider the mitigation of existing low-grade chronic inflammatory states as a potential pathway toward the management and prevention of such conditions, with the aim of starting to search for concrete clinical recommendations in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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27
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Pingle SC, Lin F, Anekoji MS, Patro CK, Datta S, Jones LD, Kesari S, Ashili S. Exploring the role of cerebrospinal fluid as analyte in neurologic disorders. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO851. [PMID: 37090492 PMCID: PMC10116372 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear ultrafiltrate of blood that envelopes and protects the central nervous system while regulating neuronal function through the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis in the brain. Due to its anatomic location and physiological functions, the CSF can provide a reliable source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of different neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary and secondary brain malignancies. The incorporation of CSF biomarkers into the drug discovery and development can improve the efficiency of drug development and increase the chances of success. This review aims to consolidate the current use of CSF biomarkers in clinical practice and explore future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C Pingle
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Misa S Anekoji
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - C Pawan K Patro
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Souvik Datta
- Rhenix Lifesciences, 237 Vengal Rao Nagar, Hyderabad, TG, 500038, India
| | - Lawrence D Jones
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center & Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Shashaanka Ashili
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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28
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Negi D, Granak S, Shorter S, O'Leary VB, Rektor I, Ovsepian SV. Molecular Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury in Epilepsy Shared with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:767-778. [PMID: 36884195 PMCID: PMC10275849 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, changes in neuronal proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are viewed as potential biomarkers of the primary pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent reports suggest, however, that level of neuronal proteins in fluids also alters in several types of epilepsy in various age groups, including children. With increasing evidence supporting clinical and sub-clinical seizures in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, and in other less common neurodegenerative conditions, these findings call into question the specificity of neuronal protein response to neurodegenerative process and urge analysis of the effects of concomitant epilepsy and other comorbidities. In this article, we revisit the evidence for alterations in neuronal proteins in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid associated with epilepsy with and without neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss shared and distinctive characteristics of changes in neuronal markers, review their neurobiological mechanisms, and consider the emerging opportunities and challenges for their future research and diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Negi
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Simon Granak
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, 25067, Czech Republic
| | - Susan Shorter
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague, 10000, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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29
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Surpi A, Shelyakova T, Murgia M, Rivas J, Piñeiro Y, Greco P, Fini M, Dediu VA. Versatile magnetic configuration for the control and manipulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5301. [PMID: 37002375 PMCID: PMC10066313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The control and manipulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SP-MNP) is a significant challenge and has become increasingly important in various fields, especially in biomedical research. Yet, most of applications rely on relatively large nanoparticles, 50 nm or higher, mainly due to the fact that the magnetic control of smaller MNPs is often hampered by the thermally induced Brownian motion. Here we present a magnetic device able to manipulate remotely in microfluidic environment SP-MNPs smaller than 10 nm. The device is based on a specifically tailored configuration of movable permanent magnets. The experiments performed in 500 µm capillary have shown the ability to concentrate the SP-MNPs into regions characterized by different shapes and sizes ranging from 100 to 200 µm. The results are explained by straightforward calculations and comparison between magnetic and thermal energies. We provide then a comprehensive description of the magnetic field intensity and its spatial distribution for the confinement and motion of magnetic nanoparticles for a wide range of sizes. We believe this description could be used to establish accurate and quantitative magnetic protocols not only for biomedical applications, but also for environment, food, security, and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Surpi
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Shelyakova
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mauro Murgia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Translational Neurophysiology (IIT), 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - José Rivas
- Laboratorio de Nanomagnetismo y Nanotecnologia, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Istituto NANOMAG, Universitade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- Laboratorio de Nanomagnetismo y Nanotecnologia, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Istituto NANOMAG, Universitade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Translational Neurophysiology (IIT), 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Università di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentin Alek Dediu
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), 40129, Bologna, Italy.
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Canever JB, Soares ES, de Avelar NCP, Cimarosti HI. Targeting α-synuclein post-translational modifications in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114204. [PMID: 36372243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Although the exact mechanisms underlying PD are still not completely understood, it is well accepted that α-synuclein plays key pathophysiological roles as the main constituent of the cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as the best-known phosphorylation, target α-synuclein and are thus implicated in its physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we present (1) an overview of the pathophysiological roles of α-synuclein, (2) a descriptive analysis of α-synuclein PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, glycation, truncation, and O-GlcNAcylation, as well as (3) a brief summary on α-synuclein PTMs as potential biomarkers for PD. A better understanding of α-synuclein PTMs is of paramount importance for elucidating the mechanisms underlying PD and can thus be expected to improve early detection and monitoring disease progression, as well as identify promising new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelini B Canever
- Post-Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ericks Sousa Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Núbia C P de Avelar
- Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helena I Cimarosti
- Post-Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Abdi IY, Bartl M, Dakna M, Abdesselem H, Majbour N, Trenkwalder C, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B. Cross-sectional proteomic expression in Parkinson's disease-related proteins in drug-naïve patients vs healthy controls with longitudinal clinical follow-up. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105997. [PMID: 36634823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find reliable and accessible blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) correlating with clinical symptoms and displaying predictive potential to improve future clinical trials. This led us to a conduct large-scale proteomics approach using an advanced high-throughput proteomics technology to create a proteomic profile for PD. Over 1300 proteins were measured in serum samples from a de novo Parkinson's (DeNoPa) cohort made up of 85 deep clinically phenotyped drug-naïve de novo PD patients and 93 matched healthy controls (HC) with longitudinal clinical follow-up available of up to 8 years. The analysis identified 73 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of which 14 proteins were confirmed as stable potential diagnostic markers using machine learning tools. Among the DEPs identified, eight proteins-ALCAM, contactin 1, CD36, DUS3, NEGR1, Notch1, TrkB, and BTK- significantly correlated with longitudinal clinical scores including motor and non-motor symptom scores, cognitive function and depression scales, indicating potential predictive values for progression in PD among various phenotypes. Known functions of these proteins and their possible relation to the pathophysiology or symptomatology of PD were discussed and presented with a particular emphasis on the potential biological mechanisms involved, such as cell adhesion, axonal guidance and neuroinflammation, and T-cell activation. In conclusion, with the use of advance multiplex proteomic technology, a blood-based protein signature profile was identified from serum samples of a well-characterized PD cohort capable of potentially differentiating PD from HC and predicting clinical disease progression of related motor and non-motor PD symptoms. We thereby highlight the need to validate and further investigate these markers in future prospective cohorts and assess their possible PD-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Yahya Abdi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Michael Bartl
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nour Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany.
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Thermodynamic Signatures of Blood Plasma Proteome in Neurodegenerative Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010789. [PMID: 36614231 PMCID: PMC9821040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of diagnostic biomarkers for age-related neurodegenerative pathologies (NDDs) is essential for accurate diagnosis, following disease progression and drug development. Blood plasma and blood cells are important peripheral sources for NDDs' biomarkers that, although present in lower concentrations than in cerebrospinal fluid, would allow noninvasive diagnostics. To identify new biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in this work we have evaluated the modifications in the thermodynamic behavior of blood plasma proteome exploring differential scanning calorimetry. The plasma thermodynamics reflected the complexity and heterogeneity of the two pathologies. The unfolding temperature of the most abundant plasma protein albumin and the weighted average center of the calorimetric profile appeared as the two thermodynamic signatures that reflected modifications of the plasma proteome, i.e., strong thermal stabilization of albumin and plasma proteins' interaction network, related to both pathologies. Based on those two signatures, both PD and ALS patients were stratified in two sets, except several cases with thermodynamic parameters that strongly differed from those of the calorimetric sets. Along with modifications of the plasma thermodynamic behavior, we found altered globulin levels in all PD and ALS patients' plasma (higher level of α- and β-globulin fractions and lower level of γ-globulin fraction than the respective reference values) employing capillary electrophoresis. The presented results reveal the potential of calorimetry to indirectly identify NDDs' biomarkers in blood plasma.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Regulated Chaperones as a Serum Biomarker Panel for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1476-1485. [PMID: 36478320 PMCID: PMC9899193 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Examination of post-mortem brain tissues has previously revealed a strong association between Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Evidence in the literature regarding the circulation of ER stress-regulated factors released from neurons provides a rationale for investigating ER stress biomarkers in the blood to aid diagnosis of PD. The levels of ER stress-regulated proteins in serum collected from 29 PD patients and 24 non-PD controls were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A panel of four biomarkers, protein disulfide-isomerase A1, protein disulfide-isomerase A3, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, and clusterin, together with age and gender had higher ability (area under the curve 0.64, sensitivity 66%, specificity 57%) and net benefit to discriminate PD patients from the non-PD group compared with other analyzed models. Addition of oligomeric and total α-synuclein to the model did not improve the diagnostic power of the biomarker panel. We provide evidence that ER stress-regulated proteins merit further investigation for their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of PD.
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Bagree G, De Silva O, Liyanage PD, Ramarathinam SH, Sharma SK, Bansal V, Ramanathan R. α-synuclein as a potential biomarker for developing diagnostic tools against neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chiu PY, Yang FC, Chiu MJ, Lin WC, Lu CH, Yang SY. Relevance of plasma biomarkers to pathologies in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17919. [PMID: 36289355 PMCID: PMC9605966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques and tau tangles are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Parkinson's disease (PD) results from the accumulation of α-synuclein. TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and total tau protein (T-Tau) play roles in FTD pathology. All of the pathological evidence was found in the biopsy. However, it is impossible to perform stein examinations in clinical practice. Assays of biomarkers in plasma would be convenient. It would be better to investigate the combinations of various biomarkers in AD, PD and FTD. Ninety-one subjects without neurodegenerative diseases, 76 patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD dementia, combined as AD family, were enrolled. One hundred and nine PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) or dementia (PDD), combined as PD family, were enrolled. Twenty-five FTD patients were enrolled for assays of plasma amyloid β 1-40 (Aβ1-40), Aβ1-42, T-Tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43 using immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). The results show that Aβs and T-Tau are major domains in AD family. α-synuclein is highly dominant in PD family. FTD is closely associated with TDP-43 and T-Tau. The dominant plasma biomarkers in AD family, PD family and FTD are consistent with pathology. This implies that plasma biomarkers are promising for precise and differential assessments of AD, PD and FTD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Yi Chiu
- grid.452796.b0000 0004 0634 3637Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chunghwa, 500 Taiwan ,MR-Guided Focus Ultrasound Center, Chang Bin Shaw Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhwa, 505 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
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Tönges L, Buhmann C, Klebe S, Klucken J, Kwon EH, Müller T, Pedrosa DJ, Schröter N, Riederer P, Lingor P. Blood-based biomarker in Parkinson's disease: potential for future applications in clinical research and practice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1201-1217. [PMID: 35428925 PMCID: PMC9463345 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease (PD) is both complex and heterogeneous, and its precise classification often requires an intensive work-up. The differential diagnosis, assessment of disease progression, evaluation of therapeutic responses, or identification of PD subtypes frequently remains uncertain from a clinical point of view. Various tissue- and fluid-based biomarkers are currently being investigated to improve the description of PD. From a clinician's perspective, signatures from blood that are relatively easy to obtain would have great potential for use in clinical practice if they fulfill the necessary requirements as PD biomarker. In this review article, we summarize the knowledge on blood-based PD biomarkers and present both a researcher's and a clinician's perspective on recent developments and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Digital Medicine, University Luxembourg, LCSB, L-4367, Belval, Luxembourg
- Digital Medicine Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Digital Medicine Research Clinic, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eun Hae Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, 13088, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Gießen and Marburg, Marburg Site, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schröter
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
- University of Southern Denmark Odense, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul Lingor
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
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Chen PH, Hou TY, Cheng FY, Shaw JS. Prediction of Cognitive Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease Patients Using a Machine Learning Method. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081048. [PMID: 36009111 PMCID: PMC9405552 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a predictive model for cognitive degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a machine learning method. The clinical data, plasma biomarkers, and neuropsychological test results of patients with PD were collected and utilized as model predictors. Machine learning methods comprising support vector machines (SVMs) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to obtain a cognitive classification model. Using 32 comprehensive predictive parameters, the PCA-SVM classifier reached 92.3% accuracy and 0.929 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, the accuracy could be increased to 100% and the AUC to 1.0 in a PCA-SVM model using only 13 carefully chosen features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Hou
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Siang Shaw
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Giri B, Seamon M, Banerjee A, Chauhan S, Purohit S, Morgan J, Baban B, Wakade C. Emerging urinary alpha-synuclein and miRNA biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1687-1696. [PMID: 33881722 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases after Alzheimer's disease (AD), afflicting adults above the age of sixty irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity, and social status. PD is characterized by motor dysfunctions, displaying resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural imbalance. Non-motor symptoms, including rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder, constipation, and loss of sense of smell, typically occur many years before the appearance of the PD motor symptoms that lead to a diagnosis. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the motor symptoms seen in PD, is associated with the deposition of aggregated, misfolded α-Synuclein (α-Syn, SNCA) proteins forming Lewy Bodies. Additionally, dysregulation of miRNA (a short form of mRNA) may contribute to the developing pathophysiology in PD and other diseases such as cancer. Overexpression of α-Syn and miRNA in human samples has been found in PD, AD, and dementia. Therefore, evaluating these molecules in urine, present either in the free form or in association with extracellular vesicles of biological fluids, may lead to early biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Collection of urine is non-invasive and thus beneficial, particularly in geriatric populations, for biomarker analysis. Considering the expression and function of α-Syn and miRNA, we predict that they can be used as early biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banabihari Giri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, 987 St. Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Marissa Seamon
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Brain Peds Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sneha Chauhan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, 987 St. Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, 987 St. Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John Morgan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Chandramohan Wakade
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, 987 St. Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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Chen SJ, Lin CH. Gut microenvironmental changes as a potential trigger in Parkinson's disease through the gut-brain axis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:54. [PMID: 35897024 PMCID: PMC9327249 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed to the synergistic effects of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is characterized by motor dysfunction resulting from intraneuronal alpha-synuclein accumulations, termed Lewy bodies, and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra, multiple systems are involved in the disease process, resulting in heterogenous clinical presentation and progression. Genetic predisposition to PD regarding aberrant immune responses, abnormal protein aggregation, autophagolysosomal impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to vulnerable neurons that are sensitive to environmental triggers and, together, result in neuronal degeneration. Neuropathology studies have shown that, at least in some patients, Lewy bodies start from the enteric nervous system and then spread to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut-brain axis, suggesting the contribution of an altered gut microenvironment in the pathogenesis of PD. A plethora of evidence has revealed different gut microbiomes and gut metabolites in patients with PD compared to unaffected controls. Chronic gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier integrity have been observed in human PD patients and mouse models of PD. These observations led to the hypothesis that an altered gut microenvironment is a potential trigger of the PD process in a genetically susceptible host. In this review, we will discuss the complex interplay between genetic factors and gut microenvironmental changes contributing to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ju Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Is peripheral alpha synuclein a marker for gait velocity in Parkinson's disease? Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136819. [PMID: 35905887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of gait abnormality is non-uniform across motor phenotypes of Parkinson's disease (PD). The biological basis of this heterogeneity remains intriguing. Moreover, the relationship of gait impairment with various neurodegenerative protein markers in PD is not well established. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to explore the interplay between gait parameters and specific serum protein markers in PD. METHODS A total of 62 PD patients were consecutively recruited. Blood samples and gait data were acquired from 37 and 34 patients respectively. Two-dimensional spatio-temporal gait parameters were estimated using an electronic walkway (GAITRite®, CIR Systems Inc., USA). Serum phosphorylated alpha synuclein (p-Ser129-a-syn) and total a-syn levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kit. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (IBM). RESULTS We found that phosphorylated a-syn levels were significantly higher in PD patients with postural instability and gait difficulty compared to tremor dominant variant. Significant reduction in gait velocity was also observed with increasing levels of this pathological form of a-syn. Regression modelling showed that phosphorylated a-syn is an independent predictor of gait velocity. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that concentrations of peripheral p-Ser129-a-syn but not total a-syn could be a potential contributor of gait impairment in PD. Further investigation on the systemic role of phosphorylated a-syn on gait would bridge the gap between central and peripheral mechanisms underlying phenotypic variability in PD.
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O’Bryant SE, Petersen M, Zhang F, Johnson L, German D, Hall J. Parkinson's Disease Blood Test for Primary Care. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2022; 12:545. [PMID: 37006377 PMCID: PMC10065753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background A blood-test that could serve as a potential first step in a multi-tiered neurodiagnostic process for ruling out Parkinson's disease (PD) in primary care settings would be of tremendous value. This study therefore sought to conduct a large-scale cross-validation of our Parkinson's disease Blood Test (PDBT) for use in primary care settings. Methods Serum samples were analyzed from 846 PD and 2291 volunteer controls. Proteomic assays were run on a multiplex biomarker assay platform using Electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Diagnostic accuracy statistics were generated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Sensitivity (SN), Specificity (SP) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Results In the training set, the PDBT reached an AUC of 0.98 when distinguishing PD cases from controls with a SN of 0.84 and SP of 0.98. When applied to the test set, the PDBT yielded an AUC of 0.96, SN of 0.79 and SP of 0.97. The PDBT obtained a negative predictive value of 99% for a 2% base rate. Conclusion The PDBT was highly successful in discriminating PD patients from control cases and has great potential for providing primary care providers with a rapid, scalable and cost-effective tool for screening out PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid E. O’Bryant
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Leigh Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Dwight German
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Hall
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Yang X, Li Z, Bai L, Shen X, Wang F, Han X, Zhang R, Li Z, Zhang J, Dong M, Wang Y, Cao T, Zhao S, Chu C, Liu C, Zhu X. Association of Plasma and Electroencephalography Markers With Motor Subtypes of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:911221. [PMID: 35903537 PMCID: PMC9314775 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.911221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of plasma neurodegenerative proteins and electroencephalography (EEG) dynamic functional network (DFN) parameters with disease progression in early Parkinson’s disease (PD) with different motor subtypes, including tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD). Methods In our study, 33 patients with PD (21 TD and 12 PIGD) and 33 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), α-synuclein (α-syn), total-tau (t-tau), β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), and β-amyloid 40 (Aβ40) levels were measured using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay. All the patients with PD underwent EEG quantified by DFN analysis. The motor and non-motor performances were evaluated by a series of clinical assessments. Subsequently, a correlation analysis of plasma biomarkers and EEG measures with clinical scales was conducted. Results In the TD group, plasma NfL exhibited a significant association with MDS-UPDRS III and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A higher Aβ42/40 level was significantly related to a decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) in the PIGD group. In terms of the correlation between EEG characteristic parameters and clinical outcomes, trapping time (TT) delta was positively correlated with MDS-UPDRS III and MoCA scores in the TD group, especially in the prefrontal and frontal regions. For other non-motor symptoms, there were significant direct associations of kPLI theta with HAMD and HAMA, especially in the prefrontal region, and kPLI gamma was particularly correlated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) scores in the prefrontal, frontal, and parietal regions in the TD group. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between plasma t-tau and kPLI, and pairwise correlations were found among plasma NfL, theta TT, and MoCA scores in the TD group. Conclusion These results provide evidence that plasma neurodegenerative proteins and EEG measures have great potential in predicting the disease progression of PD subtypes, especially for the TD subtype. A combination of these two kinds of markers may have a superposition effect on monitoring and estimating the prognosis of PD subtypes and deserves further research in larger, follow-up PD cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipeng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingyu Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunguang Chu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunguang Chu,
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Chen Liu,
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Xiaodong Zhu,
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Acquasaliente L, Pontarollo G, Radu CM, Peterle D, Artusi I, Pagotto A, Uliana F, Negro A, Simioni P, De Filippis V. Exogenous human α-Synuclein acts in vitro as a mild platelet antiaggregant inhibiting α-thrombin-induced platelet activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9880. [PMID: 35701444 PMCID: PMC9198058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a small disordered protein, highly conserved in vertebrates and involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, αSyn amyloid aggregates are present in the brain of patients with PD. Although the pathogenic role of αSyn is widely accepted, the physiological function of this protein remains elusive. Beyond the central nervous system, αSyn is expressed in hematopoietic tissue and blood, where platelets are a major cellular host of αSyn. Platelets play a key role in hemostasis and are potently activated by thrombin (αT) through the cleavage of protease-activated receptors. Furthermore, both αT and αSyn could be found in the same spatial environment, i.e. the platelet membrane, as αT binds to and activates platelets that can release αSyn from α-granules and microvesicles. Here, we investigated the possibility that exogenous αSyn could interfere with platelet activation induced by different agonists in vitro. Data obtained from distinct experimental techniques (i.e. multiple electrode aggregometry, rotational thromboelastometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy) on whole blood and platelet-rich plasma indicate that exogenous αSyn has mild platelet antiaggregating properties in vitro, acting as a negative regulator of αT-mediated platelet activation by preferentially inhibiting P-selectin expression on platelet surface. We have also shown that both exogenous and endogenous (i.e. cytoplasmic) αSyn preferentially bind to the outer surface of activated platelets. Starting from these findings, a coherent model of the antiplatelet function of αSyn is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquasaliente
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave. 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilaria Artusi
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Uliana
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, viale G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Biotechnology Center, CRIBI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Kawahata I, Finkelstein DI, Fukunaga K. Pathogenic Impact of α-Synuclein Phosphorylation and Its Kinases in α-Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116216. [PMID: 35682892 PMCID: PMC9181156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a protein with a molecular weight of 14.5 kDa and consists of 140 amino acids encoded by the SNCA gene. Missense mutations and gene duplications in the SNCA gene cause hereditary Parkinson’s disease. Highly phosphorylated and abnormally aggregated α-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies found in neuronal cells of patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and glial cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in oligodendrocytes with multiple system atrophy. Aggregated α-synuclein is cytotoxic and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned synucleinopathies. In a healthy brain, most α-synuclein is unphosphorylated; however, more than 90% of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies of patients with Parkinson’s disease is phosphorylated at Ser129, which is presumed to be of pathological significance. Several kinases catalyze Ser129 phosphorylation, but the role of phosphorylation enzymes in disease pathogenesis and their relationship to cellular toxicity from phosphorylation are not fully understood in α-synucleinopathy. Consequently, this review focuses on the pathogenic impact of α-synuclein phosphorylation and its kinases during the neurodegeneration process in α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-22-795-6838 (I.K.); +81-22-795-6836 (K.F.); Fax: +81-22-795-6835 (I.K. & K.F.)
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- BRI Pharma Inc., Sendai 982-0804, Japan
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-22-795-6838 (I.K.); +81-22-795-6836 (K.F.); Fax: +81-22-795-6835 (I.K. & K.F.)
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Zubelzu M, Morera-Herreras T, Irastorza G, Gómez-Esteban JC, Murueta-Goyena A. Plasma and serum alpha-synuclein as a biomarker in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 99:107-115. [PMID: 35717321 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis are urgently needed. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and its proteoforms play a key role in PD pathology but in vivo measurements have raised conflicting results, and whether α-syn in blood could distinguish PD patients from healthy controls is still controversial. METHODS A systematic literature search yielded 35 eligible studies for meta-analysis reporting the concentration of total, oligomeric or phosphorylated α-syn in plasma and/or serum of PD patients and healthy controls. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using multivariate/multilevel linear mixed-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to investigate possible modifiers. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 32 articles involving 2683 PD patients and 1838 controls showed a significant overall effect of PD on total α-syn levels (SMD = 0.85, p = 0.004). Meta-regression showed that increased SMD of total α-syn in PD was significantly associated with lower age, shorter disease duration, mild motor impairment, and Immunomagnetic Reduction assay for protein quantification. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for oligomeric or phosphorylated α-syn between PD and controls but increased oligomeric α-syn was significantly associated with shorter disease duration. The heterogeneity among studies was high (>98%). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased total plasma/serum α-syn levels in PD primarily occur in early phases of the disease. The evidence obtained from a small number of studies measuring plasma/serum concentrations of oligomeric and phosphorylated species of α-syn shows no difference. The clinical applicability of measuring plasma or serum α-syn species for differentiating PD from healthy control warrants further studies with better clinical profiling of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Zubelzu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Gorka Irastorza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Rocha SM, Bantle CM, Aboellail T, Chatterjee D, Smeyne RJ, Tjalkens RB. Rotenone induces regionally distinct α-synuclein protein aggregation and activation of glia prior to loss of dopaminergic neurons in C57Bl/6 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Zhao X, He H, Xiong X, Ye Q, Feng F, Zhou S, Chen W, Xia K, Qian S, Yang Y, Xie C. Lewy Body-Associated Proteins A-Synuclein (a-syn) as a Plasma-Based Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869797. [PMID: 35645787 PMCID: PMC9133668 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the combined diagnostic value of plasma Lewy body-associated proteins (p-Asyn at ser129, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn) for the diagnosis of PD versus healthy controls (HCs) and other PD syndromes (PDs), as well as clinical characteristics prediction. Methods This study included 145 participants: 79 patients with PD, 24 patients with PDs, and 42 HCs. A panel of plasma levels of p-Asyn, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary outcome was the discriminative accuracy of the combined three plasma biomarkers for PD. Results The mean age was 65.43 (SD, 7.467) in the control group, 64.49 (SD, 8.224) in participants with PD, and 69.25 (SD, 7.952) in PDs. The plasma Lewy body-associated protein levels were significantly higher in patients with PD than in age-matched HCs, However, there was no difference in patients with PD and PDs. Of note, a combination of plasma p-Asyn, total α-syn, and oligomeric α-syn was a better biomarker for discriminating PD from HCs, with an AUC of 0.8552 (p < 0.0001, 95%CI, 0.7635–0.9409), which was significantly higher than plasma p-Asyn (ΔAUC, 0.1797), total α-syn (ΔAUC, 0.0891) and oligomeric α-syn (ΔAUC, 0.1592) alone. Meanwhile, Lewy body-associated proteins had no connections between different motor stages and dementia performances. Conclusion Our results suggested that plasma Lewy body-associated proteins, may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to aid the diagnosis of PD from HCs. In addition, increased plasma Lewy body-associated proteins were not associated with the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangjie Qian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunjun Yang,
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, China
- Chenglong Xie,
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Detection and assessment of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson disease. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105358. [PMID: 35561817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different studies have reported varying alpha-synuclein values in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and plasma, making determination of the alpha-synuclein cutoff value for Parkinson's disease difficult and rendering identifying the cause of variation essential. METHOD We searched PubMed from inception to June 2021 and identified 76 eligible studies. Included studies reported data on total, phosphorylated, and oligomeric alpha-synuclein in the CSF, serum, or plasma from individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. The mean or median alpha-synuclein values from the included studies were summarized and categorized through laboratory assays to visualize potential trends. RESULTS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common assay used to determine alpha-synuclein concentrations. Less common assays include Luminex, single molecule arrays, electrochemiluminescence, and immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). IMR is a single-antibody and wash-free immunoassay designed for determining the extremely low concentration of bio-molecules. For patients with Parkinson's disease, the median or mean testing values ranged from 60.9 to 55,000 pg/mL in the CSF, 0.446 to 1,777,100 pg/mL in plasma, and 0.0292 to 38,200,000 pg/mL in serum. The antibody selection was diverse between studies. The tendency of distribution was more centralized among studies that used the same kit. Studies adopting specific antibodies or in-house assays contribute to the extreme values. Only a few studies on phosphorylated and oligomeric alpha-synuclein were included. CONCLUSION The type of assay and antibody selection in the laboratory played major roles in the alpha-synuclein variation. Studies that used the same assay and kit yielded relatively unanimous results. Furthermore, IMR may be a promising assay for plasma and serum alpha-synuclein quantification. A consensus on sample preparation and testing protocol unification is warranted in the future.
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Sengupta U, Kayed R. Amyloid β, Tau, and α-Synuclein aggregates in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ren J, Pan C, Wang Y, Xue C, Lin H, Xu J, Wang H, Zhang W, Xu P, Chen Y, Liu W. Plasma α-synuclein and phosphorylated tau 181 as a diagnostic biomarker panel for de novo Parkinson's Disease. J Neurochem 2022; 161:506-515. [PMID: 35234288 PMCID: PMC9314946 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a diagnostic panel comprising multiple biomarkers has the potential to accurately diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a panel consisting solely of plasma biomarkers to diagnose PD is not available. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic ability of plasma biomarker panels for de novo PD using novel digital ultrasensitive immunoassay technology. We recruited 45 patients with de novo PD and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The concentrations of plasma α‐synuclein (α‐syn), amyloid β‐42 (Aβ42), Aβ40, phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181), neurofilament light (NFL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) platform. Patients with de novo PD had higher plasma levels of α‐syn and p‐tau181 than HCs, adjusting for age and sex. Plasma levels of α‐syn and p‐tau181 were positively correlated in de novo PD patients. Higher plasma α‐syn levels were significantly associated with worse Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III motor scores, modified Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) stages, and increased risk of PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). Higher plasma p‐tau181 concentrations were linked to worse H‐Y stages. The diagnostic panel using plasma α‐syn and p‐tau181, combined with age and sex, showed good performance in discriminating de novo PD patients from HCs (area under the curve = 0.806). These findings suggest that plasma α‐syn and p‐tau181 together may be a promising diagnostic biomarker panel for de novo PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxia Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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