1
|
Ilyés A, Paulik B, Keresztes A. Discrimination of semantically similar verbal memory traces is affected in healthy aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17971. [PMID: 39095437 PMCID: PMC11297280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic discrimination of highly similar memory traces is affected in healthy aging via changes in hippocampal pattern separation-i.e., the ability of the hippocampus to orthogonalize highly similar neural inputs. The decline of this process leads to a loss of episodic specificity. Because previous studies have almost exclusively tested mnemonic discrimination of visuospatial stimuli (e.g., objects or scenes), less is known about age-related effects on the episodic specificity of semantically similar traces. To address this gap, we designed a task to assess mnemonic discrimination of verbal stimuli as a function of semantic similarity based on word embeddings. Forty young (Mage = 21.7 years) and 40 old adults (Mage = 69.8 years) first incidentally encoded adjective-noun phrases, then performed a surprise recognition test involving exactly repeated and highly similar lure phrases. We found that increasing semantic similarity negatively affected mnemonic discrimination in both age groups, and that compared to young adults, older adults showed worse discrimination at medium levels of semantic similarity. These results indicate that episodic specificity of semantically similar memory traces is affected in aging via less efficient mnemonic operations and strengthen the notion that mnemonic discrimination is a modality-independent process supporting memory specificity across representational domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ilyés
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Borbála Paulik
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liampas I, Kyriakoulopoulou P, Akrioti A, Stamati P, Germeni A, Batzikosta P, Tsiamaki E, Veltsista D, Kefalopoulou Z, Siokas V, Chroni E, Dardiotis E. Cognitive deficits and course of recovery in transient global amnesia: a systematic review. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12563-2. [PMID: 39090229 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Published evidence suggests that cognitive impairment during a TGA (transient global amnesia) spell may not be confined to episodic memory. We undertook a systematic review to determine the pattern of cognitive deficits during a TGA episode. As a secondary objective, we aimed to delineate the course of cognitive recovery. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to October 2023. Observational controlled studies including 10 or more TGA patients (Hodges and Warlow criteria) were retrieved. Data from case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were reviewed and qualitatively synthesized. RESULTS Literature search yielded 1302 articles. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 115 full texts were retrieved and 17 of them were included in the present systematic review. During the acute phase, spatiotemporal disorientation, dense anterograde and variable retrograde amnesia, semantic memory retrieval difficulties, and working memory deficits comprised the neuropsychological profile of patients with TGA. Visuospatial abilities, attention and psychomotor speed, semantic memory, confrontation naming, and other measures of executive function (apart from semantic fluency and working memory) were consistently found normal. In the course of recovery, after the resolution of repetitive questioning, the restoration of spatiotemporal orientation follows, working memory and semantic memory retrieval ensue, while episodic memory impairment persists for longer. Meticulous evaluations may reveal subtle residual memory (especially recognition) deficits even after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Μemory impairment, spatiotemporal disorientation, and working memory deficits constitute the pattern of cognitive impairment during a TGA spell. Residual memory deficits may persist even after 24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41100, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Panayiota Kyriakoulopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Anna Akrioti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Germeni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Batzikosta
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Eirini Tsiamaki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Dimitra Veltsista
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Zinovia Kefalopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Chroni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao Y, Jin C, Liao Y, Huang X, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Li D, Su H, Han W, Qin D. Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors Arising from Dysregulated Proline Metabolism Are Associated with Altered Neuronal Morphology and Function in Mice with Hippocampal PRODH Deficiency. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1952-1968. [PMID: 37815900 PMCID: PMC11272211 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research being conducted to understand what physiological deficits in the brain are an underlying basis of psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia, it has remained difficult to establish a direct causal relationship between neuronal dysfunction and specific behavioral phenotypes. Moreover, it remains unclear how metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism, affect neuronal function and consequently modulate animal behaviors. PRODH, which catalyzes the first step of proline degradation, has been reported as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. It has consistently been shown that PRODH knockout mice exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors. However, whether the loss of PRODH directly impacts neuronal function or whether such neuronal deficits are linked to schizophrenia-like behaviors has not yet been examined. Herein, we first ascertained that dysregulated proline metabolism in humans is associated with schizophrenia. We then found that PRODH was highly expressed in the oreins layer of the mouse dorsal hippocampus. By using AAV-mediated shRNA, we depleted PRODH expression in the mouse dorsal hippocampus and subsequently observed hyperactivity and impairments in the social behaviors, learning, and memory of these mice. Furthermore, the loss of PRODH led to altered neuronal morphology and function both in vivo and in vitro. Our study demonstrates that schizophrenia-like behaviors may arise from dysregulated proline metabolism due to the loss of PRODH and are associated with altered neuronal morphology and function in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Chenchen Jin
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yilie Liao
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Xiang Huang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ziying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matijevic S, Hoscheidt S, Ryan L. Semantic details in autobiographical memory narratives increase with age among younger adults. Memory 2024; 32:913-923. [PMID: 38870423 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2365302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
It is well documented that older adults, compared to younger adults, produce fewer episodic details and more semantic details when recalling autobiographical memories. However, group comparisons have provided limited insight into the trajectories of detail generation across the lifespan. Utilising an open source dataset [Clark, I. A., & Maguire, E. A. (2023). Release of cognitive and multimodal MRI data including real-world tasks and hippocampal subfield segmentations. Scientific Data, 10(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01899-x], we examined how episodic and semantic detail generation varied with age among 194 younger adults, ages 20-41. We tested whether age differences were mediated by hippocampal subfield volumes and MTL resting-state functional connectivity. Results indicated that semantic details increased with age, while episodic details remained stable. We observed age differences in hippocampal subfield volumes and MTL connectivity, but these measures did not mediate age effects on semantic detail. Based on these and prior findings [Matijevic, S., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Wank, A. A., Ryan, L., & Grilli, M. D. (2022). Individual differences in the relationship between episodic detail generation and resting state functional connectivity vary with age. Neuropsychologia, 166, 108138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108138], we suggest a model of diverging episodic and semantic detail generation trajectories across the adult lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sabharwal-Siddiqi S, Grilli MD, Thayer SC, Garren JD, Diaw S, Yonelinas A, Ekstrom AD. The hippocampus supports precise memory for public events regardless of their remoteness. Neuropsychologia 2024; 199:108902. [PMID: 38723890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The necessity of the human hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe structures to semantic memory remains contentious. Impaired semantic memory following hippocampal lesions could arise either due to partially intertwined episodic memories and/or retrograde/anterograde effects. In this study, we tested amnesic individuals with lesions in hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (n = 7) and age-matched controls (n = 14) on their ability to precisely recall the dates of famous public events that occurred either before (i.e., pre-lifetime) or after participants' birth date (lifetime). We show that deficits in dating precision are greatest for recent lifetime events, consistent with the notion that recent event memory may be particularly intertwined with episodic memory. At the same time, individuals with medial temporal lobe lesions showed more subtle impairments in their ability to date pre-birth and remote lifetime events precisely. Together, these findings suggest that the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe structures are important for representational precision of semantic memories regardless of their remoteness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sean C Thayer
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua D Garren
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Serigne Diaw
- Psychology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Yonelinas
- Psychology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Herault C, Ovando-Tellez M, Lebuda I, Kenett YN, Beranger B, Benedek M, Volle E. Creative connections: the neural correlates of semantic relatedness are associated with creativity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:810. [PMID: 38961130 PMCID: PMC11222432 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The associative theory of creativity proposes that creative ideas result from connecting remotely related concepts in memory. Previous research found that higher creative individuals exhibit a more flexible organization of semantic memory, generate more uncommon word associations, and judge remote concepts as more related. In this study (N = 93), we used fMRI to investigate brain regions involved in judging the relatedness of concepts that vary in their semantic distance, and how such neural involvement relates to individual differences in creativity. Brain regions where activity increased with semantic relatedness mainly overlapped with default, control, salience, semantic control, and multiple demand networks. The default and semantic control networks exhibited increased involvement when evaluating more remote associations. Finally, higher creative people, who provided higher relatedness judgements on average, exhibited lower activity in those regions, possibly reflecting higher neural efficiency. We discuss these findings in the context of the neurocognitive processing underlying creativity. Overall, our findings indicate that judging remote concepts as related reflects a cognitive mechanism underlying creativity and shed light on the neural correlates of this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Herault
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Izabela Lebuda
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yoed N Kenett
- The Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Benoit Beranger
- Sorbonne University, CENIR at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kafkas A, Mayes AR, Montaldi D. The hippocampus supports the representation of abstract concepts: Implications for the study of recognition memory. Neuropsychologia 2024; 199:108899. [PMID: 38697557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Words, unlike images, are symbolic representations. The associative details inherent within a word's meaning and the visual imagery it generates, are inextricably connected to the way words are processed and represented. It is well recognised that the hippocampus associatively binds components of a memory to form a lasting representation, and here we show that the hippocampus is especially sensitive to abstract word processing. Using fMRI during recognition, we found that the increased abstractness of words produced increased hippocampal activation regardless of memory outcome. Interestingly, word recollection produced hippocampal activation regardless of word content, while the parahippocampal cortex was sensitive to concreteness of word representations, regardless of memory outcome. We reason that the hippocampus has assumed a critical role in the representation of uncontextualized abstract word meaning, as its information-binding ability allows the retrieval of the semantic and visual associates that, when bound together, generate the abstract concept represented by word symbols. These insights have implications for research on word representation, memory, and hippocampal function, perhaps shedding light on how the human brain has adapted to encode and represent abstract concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kafkas
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Andrew R Mayes
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Daniela Montaldi
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei W, Ma D, Li L, Zhang L. Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1454-1462. [PMID: 38051887 PMCID: PMC10883517 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease, the most common cerebrovascular disease. However, the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear. Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stroke and dementia, and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke. Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease, which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction, leukoaraiosis, white matter lesions, and intracerebral hemorrhage, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the target organ of hypertension. This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced cerebral small vessel disease and the resulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability. We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Denglei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashkenazi T, Goldzweig G, Vrij A, Leal S. Successful use of the forced choice test for detecting concealment of semantic memory in criminal and intelligence investigations. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1399985. [PMID: 38911958 PMCID: PMC11192207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1399985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the validity of the forced choice test (FCT) in a forensic scenario when used to detect concealment of semantic memory (SM-FCT). We also compared the SM-FCT validity to the FCT validity in the more commonly investigated episodic memory scenario (EM-FCT). In simulating a scenario of investigating suspected members of a terror organization, 277 students were asked to deceptively deny being enrolled in a college in which they do actually study. Results indicated that the SM-FCT's validity level was within the range of the EM-FCTs' validity levels. Theoretically, the results support a cognitive-based explanation for the FCT operation mechanism. Practically, they imply that FCT can be used in criminal or intelligence investigations of suspected members of terrorist or criminal organizations or suspected perpetrators of illegal acts or acts of terrorism, in which the incriminating evidence being sought is in the realm of designated semantic memory or knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzachi Ashkenazi
- Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aldert Vrij
- Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Leal
- Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tao Y, Schubert T, Wiley R, Stark C, Rapp B. Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms of Orthographic Word-form Learning. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1071-1098. [PMID: 38527084 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We examined the initial stages of orthographic learning in real time as literate adults learned spellings for spoken pseudowords during fMRI scanning. Participants were required to learn and store orthographic word forms because the pseudoword spellings were not uniquely predictable from sound to letter mappings. With eight learning trials per word form, we observed changes in the brain's response as learning was taking place. Accuracy was evaluated during learning, immediately after scanning, and 1 week later. We found evidence of two distinct learning systems-hippocampal and neocortical-operating during orthographic learning, consistent with the predictions of dual systems theories of learning/memory such as the complementary learning systems framework [McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102, 419-457, 1995]. The bilateral hippocampus and the visual word form area (VWFA) showed significant BOLD response changes over learning, with the former exhibiting a rising pattern and the latter exhibiting a falling pattern. Moreover, greater BOLD signal increase in the hippocampus was associated with better postscan recall. In addition, we identified two distinct bilateral brain networks that mirrored the rising and falling patterns of the hippocampus and VWFA. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that regions within each network were internally synchronized. These novel findings highlight, for the first time, the relevance of multiple learning systems in orthographic learning and provide a paradigm that can be used to address critical gaps in our understanding of the neural bases of orthographic learning in general and orthographic word-form learning specifically.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding K, He R, Wang X, Chen Q, Kenett YN. Recognizing ideas generated in a creative task: the roles of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in facilitating self-generated learning. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae219. [PMID: 38798002 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Creative idea generation plays an important role in promoting successful memory formation. Yet, its underlying neural correlates remain unclear. We investigated the self-generated learning of creative ideas motivated by the schema-linked interactions between medial prefrontal and medial temporal regions framework. This was achieved by having participants generate ideas in the alternative uses task, self-evaluating their ideas based on novelty and source (i.e. new or old), and then later being tested on the recognition performance of the generated ideas. At the behavioral level, our results indicated superior performances in discriminating novel ideas, highlighting the novelty effect on memory. At the neural level, the regions-of-interest analyses revealed that successful recognition of novel ideas was associated with greater activations in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during ideation. However, only activation in the right HPC was positively related to the successful recognition of novel ideas. Importantly, the weaker the connection between the right HPC and left mPFC, the higher the recognition accuracy of novel ideas. Moreover, activations in the right HPC and left mPFC were both effective predictors of successful recognition of novel ideas. These findings uniquely highlight the role of novelty in promoting self-generated learning of creative ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technicon City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruizhi He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, No. 10, Helmholtzstr, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technicon City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okumura T, Kida I, Yokoi A, Nakai T, Nishimoto S, Touhara K, Okamoto M. Semantic context-dependent neural representations of odors in the human piriform cortex revealed by 7T MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26681. [PMID: 38656060 PMCID: PMC11041378 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perception depends not only on olfactory inputs but also on semantic context. Although multi-voxel activity patterns of the piriform cortex, a part of the primary olfactory cortex, have been shown to represent odor perception, it remains unclear whether semantic contexts modulate odor representation in this region. Here, we investigated whether multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex change when semantic context modulates odor perception and, if so, whether the modulated areas communicate with brain regions involved in semantic and memory processing beyond the piriform cortex. We also explored regional differences within the piriform cortex, which are influenced by olfactory input and semantic context. We used 2 × 2 combinations of word labels and odorants that were perceived as congruent and measured piriform activity with a 1-mm isotropic resolution using 7T MRI. We found that identical odorants labeled with different words were perceived differently. This labeling effect was observed in multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex, as the searchlight decoding analysis distinguished identical odors with different labels for half of the examined stimulus pairs. Significant functional connectivity was observed between parts of the piriform cortex that were modulated by labels and regions associated with semantic and memory processing. While the piriform multi-voxel patterns evoked by different olfactory inputs were also distinguishable, the decoding accuracy was significant for only one stimulus pair, preventing definitive conclusions regarding the locational differences between areas influenced by word labels and olfactory inputs. These results suggest that multi-voxel patterns of piriform activity can be modulated by semantic context, possibly due to communication between the piriform cortex and the semantic and memory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Ikuhiro Kida
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Atsushi Yokoi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Nakai
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Nishimoto
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tran EB, Vonk JMJ, Casaletto K, Zhang D, Christin R, Marathe S, Gorno-Tempini ML, Chang EF, Kleen JK. Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38616725 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE. METHOD The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids & Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels & Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and other potential confounds. We obtained performance data from 23 PWE participants and 24 control participants (Control), along with crowdsourced normative data from 54 Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) workers. RESULTS ViSAT reached a consensus >90% in 91.3% of trials compared to 83.6% in PPT and 82.9% in CCT. A deep learning model demonstrated that visual features of the stimulus images (color, shape; i.e., non-semantic) did not influence top answer choices (p = 0.577). The PWE group had lower accuracy than the Control group (p = 0.019). PWE had longer response times than the Control group in general and this was augmented for the semantic processing (trial answer) stage (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated performance impairments in PWE that may reflect dysfunction of nonverbal semantic memory circuits, such as seizure onset zones overlapping with key semantic regions (e.g., anterior temporal lobe). The ViSAT paradigm avoids confounds, is repeatable/longitudinal, captures behavioral data, and is open-source, thus we propose it as a strong alternative for clinical and research assessment of nonverbal semantic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina B Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael Christin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Marathe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Kleen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Souza KR, Engel NA, Soares HJ, Bressan CBC, Dela Vedova LM, da Silva LE, Mendes TF, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Goulart AI, Córneo E, de Medeiros Borges H, Michels M, Bittencourt JVS, de Roch Casagrande L, Ferreira GK, Petronilho FC, Dal-Pizzol F, Silveira PCL, de Bitencourt RM, da Silva MG, Rezin GT. Nutritional strategies cause memory damage and alter biochemical parameters without causing neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:635-648. [PMID: 38429463 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Obesity results from an energy imbalance and has been considered an epidemic due to its increasing rates worldwide. It is classified as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease and has associated comorbidities. Different nutritional strategies are used for the purpose of weight loss, highlighting low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, ketogenic diets, and intermittent fasting (IF). These strategies can lead to metabolic and behavioral changes as they stimulate different biochemical pathways. Therefore, this study evaluated memory, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense parameters in mice subjected to an LC diet, ketogenic diet (KD), or IF. Eighty male Swiss mice, 60 days old, were divided into 4 groups: control, LC, KD, or IF. Body weight was measured weekly, and food intake every 48 h. After 15 days of nutritional interventions, the animals were subjected to the behavioral object recognition test and subsequently euthanized. Then, visceral fat was removed and weighed, and the brain was isolated for inflammatory and biochemical analysis. We concluded from this study that the LC and KD strategies could damage memory, IF improves the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the LC, KD, and IF strategies do not lead to neuroinflammatory damage but present damage at the level of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rufatto de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Hevylin Jacinto Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Catarina Barbosa Chaves Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Indalecio Goulart
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emily Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloísa de Medeiros Borges
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Silvano Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laura de Roch Casagrande
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricia Cardoso Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Goulart da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carlos AF, Weigand SD, Duffy JR, Clark HM, Utianski RL, Machulda MM, Botha H, Thu Pham NT, Lowe VJ, Schwarz CG, Whitwell JL, Josephs KA. Volumetric analysis of hippocampal subregions and subfields in left and right semantic dementia. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae097. [PMID: 38572268 PMCID: PMC10988847 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Two variants of semantic dementia are recognized based on the laterality of temporal lobe involvement: a left-predominant variant associated with verbal knowledge impairment and a right-predominant variant associated with behavioural changes and non-verbal knowledge loss. This cross-sectional clinicoradiologic study aimed to assess whole hippocampal, subregion, and/or subfield volume loss in semantic dementia versus controls and across its variants. Thirty-five semantic dementia participants and 15 controls from the Neurodegenerative Research Group at Mayo Clinic who had completed 3.0-T volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography were included. Classification as left-predominant (n = 25) or right-predominant (n = 10) variant was based on temporal lobe hypometabolism. Volumes of hippocampal subregions (head, body, and tail) and subfields (parasubiculum, presubiculum, subiculum, cornu ammonis 1, cornu ammonis 3, cornu ammonis 4, dentate gyrus, molecular layer, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area, and fimbria) were obtained using FreeSurfer 7. Subfield volumes were measured separately from head and body subregions. We fit linear mixed-effects models using log-transformed whole hippocampal/subregion/subfield volumes as dependent variables; age, sex, total intracranial volume, hemisphere and a group-by-hemisphere interaction as fixed effects; and subregion/subfield nested within hemisphere as a random effect. Significant results (P < 0.05) are hereby reported. At the whole hippocampal level, the dominant (predominantly involved) hemisphere of both variants showed 23-27% smaller volumes than controls. The non-dominant (less involved) hemisphere of the right-predominant variant also showed volume loss versus controls and the left-predominant variant. At the subregional level, both variants showed 17-28% smaller dominant hemisphere head, body, and tail than controls, with the right-predominant variant also showing 8-12% smaller non-dominant hemisphere head than controls and left-predominant variant. At the subfield level, the left-predominant variant showed 12-36% smaller volumes across all dominant hemisphere subfields and 14-15% smaller non-dominant hemisphere parasubiculum, presubiculum (head and body), subiculum (head) and hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area than controls. The right-predominant variant showed 16-49% smaller volumes across all dominant hemisphere subfields and 14-22% smaller parasubiculum, presubiculum, subiculum, cornu ammonis 3, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (all from the head) and fimbria of non-dominant hemisphere versus controls. Comparison of dominant hemispheres showed 16-29% smaller volumes of the parasubiculum, presubiculum (head) and fimbria in the right-predominant than left-predominant variant; comparison of non-dominant hemispheres showed 12-15% smaller cornu ammonis 3, cornu ammonis 4, dentate gyrus, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (all from the head) and cornu ammonis 1, cornu ammonis 3 and cornu ammonis 4 (all from the body) in the right-predominant variant. All hippocampal subregion/subfield volumes are affected in semantic dementia, although some are more affected in both dominant and non-dominant hemispheres of the right-predominant than the left-predominant variant by the time of presentation. Involvement of hippocampal structures is apparently more subregion dependent than subfield dependent, indicating possible superiority of subregion volumes as disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arenn F Carlos
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Joseph R Duffy
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Heather M Clark
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Rene L Utianski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | | | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thieu MK, Wilkins LJ, Aly M. Episodic-semantic linkage for $1000: New semantic knowledge is more strongly coupled with episodic memory in trivia experts. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02469-5. [PMID: 38347367 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Some people exhibit impressive memory for a wide array of semantic knowledge. What makes these trivia experts better able to learn and retain novel facts? We hypothesized that new semantic knowledge may be more strongly linked to its episodic context in trivia experts. We designed a novel online task in which 132 participants varying in trivia expertise encoded "exhibits" of naturalistic facts with related photos in one of two "museums." Afterward, participants were tested on cued recall of facts and recognition of the associated photo and museum. Greater trivia expertise predicted higher cued recall for novel facts. Critically, trivia experts but not non-experts showed superior fact recall when they remembered both features (photo and museum) of the encoding context. These findings illustrate enhanced links between episodic memory and new semantic learning in trivia experts, and show the value of studying trivia experts as a special population that can shed light on the mechanisms of memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Thieu
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lauren J Wilkins
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mariam Aly
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohammadi S, Ghaderi S, Fatehi F. MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions affected by ALS: A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14578. [PMID: 38334254 PMCID: PMC10853901 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor and extra-motor neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review aimed to examine MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions in patients with ALS. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed databases for studies published between January 2000 and July 2023. The inclusion criteria were (1) MRI studies to assess hippocampal and parahippocampal regions in ALS patients, and (2) studies reporting neuropsychological data in patients with ALS. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were included. Structural MRI revealed hippocampal atrophy, especially in ALS-FTD, involving specific subregions (CA1, dentate gyrus). Disease progression and genetic factors impacted atrophy patterns. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed increased mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the hippocampal tracts and adjacent regions, indicating loss of neuronal and white matter integrity. Functional MRI (fMRI) revealed reduced functional connectivity (FC) between the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and other regions, suggesting disrupted networks. Perfusion MRI showed hypoperfusion in parahippocampal gyri. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) found changes in the hippocampus, indicating neuronal loss. Neuropsychological tests showed associations between poorer memory and hippocampal atrophy or connectivity changes. CA1-2, dentate gyrus, and fimbria atrophy were correlated with worse memory. CONCLUSIONS The hippocampus and the connected regions are involved in ALS. Hippocampal atrophy disrupted connectivity and metabolite changes correlate with cognitive and functional decline. Specific subregions can be particularly affected. The hippocampus is a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mohammadi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sadegh Ghaderi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kang L, Toyoizumi T. Distinguishing examples while building concepts in hippocampal and artificial networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:647. [PMID: 38245502 PMCID: PMC10799871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal subfield CA3 is thought to function as an auto-associative network that stores experiences as memories. Information from these experiences arrives directly from the entorhinal cortex as well as indirectly through the dentate gyrus, which performs sparsification and decorrelation. The computational purpose for these dual input pathways has not been firmly established. We model CA3 as a Hopfield-like network that stores both dense, correlated encodings and sparse, decorrelated encodings. As more memories are stored, the former merge along shared features while the latter remain distinct. We verify our model's prediction in rat CA3 place cells, which exhibit more distinct tuning during theta phases with sparser activity. Finally, we find that neural networks trained in multitask learning benefit from a loss term that promotes both correlated and decorrelated representations. Thus, the complementary encodings we have found in CA3 can provide broad computational advantages for solving complex tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Kang
- Neural Circuits and Computations Unit, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, 36-1 Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Taro Toyoizumi
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grilli MD, Sabharwal-Siddiqi S, Thayer SC, Rapcsak SZ, Ekstrom AD. Evidence of Impaired Remote Experience-near Semantic Memory in Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:2002-2013. [PMID: 37713665 PMCID: PMC10824049 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological research suggests that "experience-near" semantic memory, meaning knowledge attached to a spatiotemporal or event context, is commonly impaired in individuals who have medial temporal lobe amnesia. It is not known if this impairment extends to remotely acquired experience-near knowledge, which is a question relevant to understanding hippocampal/medial temporal lobe functioning. In the present study, we administered a novel semantic memory task designed to target knowledge associated with remote, "dormant" concepts, in addition to knowledge associated with active concepts, to four individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia and eight matched controls. We found that the individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia generated significantly fewer experience-near semantic memories for both remote concepts and active concepts. In comparison, the generation of abstract or "experience-far" knowledge was largely spared in the individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia, regardless of whether the targets for retrieval were remote or active concepts. We interpret these findings as evidence that the medial temporal lobes may have a sustained role in the retrieval of semantic memories associated with spatiotemporal and event contexts, which are cognitive features often ascribed to episodic memory. These results align with recent theoretical models proposing that the hippocampus/medial temporal lobes support cognitive processes that are involved in, but not exclusive to, episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven Z Rapcsak
- University of Arizona, Tucson AZ
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Tucson, AZ
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanguay AFN, Palombo DJ, Love B, Glikstein R, Davidson PSR, Renoult L. The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory. eLife 2023; 12:e83645. [PMID: 37987578 PMCID: PMC10662951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common distinctions in long-term memory is that between semantic (i.e., general world knowledge) and episodic (i.e., recollection of contextually specific events from one's past). However, emerging cognitive neuroscience data suggest a surprisingly large overlap between the neural correlates of semantic and episodic memory. Moreover, personal semantic memories (i.e., knowledge about the self and one's life) have been studied little and do not easily fit into the standard semantic-episodic dichotomy. Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 48 participants verified statements concerning general facts, autobiographical facts, repeated events, and unique events. In multivariate analysis, all four types of memory involved activity within a common network bilaterally (e.g., frontal pole, paracingulate gyrus, medial frontal cortex, middle/superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, angular gyrus) and some areas of the medial temporal lobe. Yet the four memory types differentially engaged this network, increasing in activity from general to autobiographical facts, from autobiographical facts to repeated events, and from repeated to unique events. Our data are compatible with a component process model, in which declarative memory types rely on different weightings of the same elementary processes, such as perceptual imagery, spatial features, and self-reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annick FN Tanguay
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Brittany Love
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | | | | | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iyizoba-Ebozue Z, Prestwich R, Brown S, Hall E, Lilley J, Lowe M, Thomson DJ, Slevin F, Boele F, Murray L. Neurocognitive function following (chemo)radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and other head and neck cancers: A systematic review. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109863. [PMID: 37619657 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
When radiotherapy is used in the treatment of head and neck cancers, the brain commonly receives incidental doses of radiotherapy with potential for neurocognitive changes and subsequent impact on quality of life. This has not been widely investigated to date. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psycinfo Info and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) electronic databases was conducted. Of 2077 records screened, 20 were eligible comprising 1308 patients. There were no randomised studies and 73.3% of included patients were from single center studies. IMRT was delivered in 72.6% of patients, and chemotherapy used in 61%. There was considerable heterogeneity in methods. Narrative synthesis was therefore carried out. Most studies demonstrated inferior neurocognitive outcomes when compared to control groups at 12 months and beyond radiotherapy. Commonly affected neurocognitive domains were memory and language which appeared related to radiation dose to hippocampus, temporal lobe, and cerebellum. Magnetic Resonance Imaging could be valuable in the detection of early microstructural and functional changes, which could be indicative of future neurocognitive changes. In studies investigating quality of life, the presence of neurocognitive impairment was associated with inferior quality of life outcomes. (Chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer appears to be associated with a risk of long-term neurocognitive impairment. Few studies were identified, with substantial variation in methodology, thus limiting conclusions. High quality large prospective head and neck cancer studies using standardised, sensitive, and reliable neurocognitive tests are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Prestwich
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research
| | - Emma Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - John Lilley
- Department of Radiotherapy Physics, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Lowe
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Thomson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Finbar Slevin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Florien Boele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruelas M, Medina-Ceja L, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ. A scoping review of the relationship between alcohol, memory consolidation and ripple activity: An overview of common methodologies to analyse ripples. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4137-4154. [PMID: 37827165 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is not only responsible for 5.3% of the total deaths in the world but also has a substantial impact on neurological and memory disabilities throughout the population. One extensively studied brain area involved in cognitive functions is the hippocampus. Evidence in several rodent models has shown that ethanol produces cognitive impairment in hippocampal-dependent tasks and that the damage is varied according to the stage of development at which the rodent was exposed to ethanol and the dose. To the authors' knowledge, there is a biomarker for cognitive processes in the hippocampus that remains relatively understudied in association with memory impairment by alcohol administration. This biomarker is called sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) which are synchronous neuronal population events that are well known to be involved in memory consolidation. Methodologies for facilitated or automatic identification of ripples and their analysis have been reported for a wider bandwidth than SWRs. This review is focused on communicating the state of the art about the relationship between alcohol, memory consolidation and ripple activity, as well as the use of the common methodologies to identify SWRs automatically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruelas
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura Medina-Ceja
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rita Q Fuentes-Aguilar
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lundin NB, Brown JW, Johns BT, Jones MN, Purcell JR, Hetrick WP, O’Donnell BF, Todd PM. Neural evidence of switch processes during semantic and phonetic foraging in human memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312462120. [PMID: 37824523 PMCID: PMC10589708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312462120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans may retrieve words from memory by exploring and exploiting in "semantic space" similar to how nonhuman animals forage for resources in physical space. This has been studied using the verbal fluency test (VFT), in which participants generate words belonging to a semantic or phonetic category in a limited time. People produce bursts of related items during VFT, referred to as "clustering" and "switching." The strategic foraging model posits that cognitive search behavior is guided by a monitoring process which detects relevant declines in performance and then triggers the searcher to seek a new patch or cluster in memory after the current patch has been depleted. An alternative body of research proposes that this behavior can be explained by an undirected rather than strategic search process, such as random walks with or without random jumps to new parts of semantic space. This study contributes to this theoretical debate by testing for neural evidence of strategically timed switches during memory search. Thirty participants performed category and letter VFT during functional MRI. Responses were classified as cluster or switch events based on computational metrics of similarity and participant evaluations. Results showed greater hippocampal and posterior cerebellar activation during switching than clustering, even while controlling for interresponse times and linguistic distance. Furthermore, these regions exhibited ramping activity which increased during within-patch search leading up to switches. Findings support the strategic foraging model, clarifying how neural switch processes may guide memory search in a manner akin to foraging in patchy spatial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Lundin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Joshua W. Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
| | - Brendan T. Johns
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Michael N. Jones
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
| | - John R. Purcell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Brian F. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Peter M. Todd
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pineda LA, Morales R. Imagery in the entropic associative memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9553. [PMID: 37308676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Entropic Associative Memory is a novel declarative and distributed computational model of associative memory. The model is general, conceptually simple, and offers an alternative to models developed within the artificial neural networks paradigm. The memory uses a standard table as its medium, where the information is stored in an indeterminate form, and the entropy plays a functional and operation role. The memory register operation abstracts the input cue with the current memory content and is productive; memory recognition is performed through a logical test; and memory retrieval is constructive. The three operations can be performed in parallel using very few computing resources. In our previous work we explored the auto-associative properties of the memory and performed experiments to store, recognize and retrieve manuscript digits and letters with complete and incomplete cues, and also to recognize and learn phones, with satisfactory results. In such experiments a designated memory register was used to store all the objects of the same class, whereas in the present study we remove such restriction and use a single memory register to store all the objects in the domain. In this novel setting we explore the production of emerging objects and relations, such that cues are used not only to retrieve remembered objects, but also related and imaged objects, and to produce association chains. The present model supports the view that memory and classification are independent functions both conceptually and architecturally. The memory system can store images of the different modalities of perception and action, possibly multimodal, and offers a novel perspective on the imagery debate and computational models of declarative memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pineda
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, IIMAS, Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Morales
- Universidad de Guadalajara, SUV, Guadalajara, 44130, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang C, Naya Y. Sequential involvements of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus in the recall of item-location associative memory in macaques. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002145. [PMID: 37289802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard consolidation theory suggests that the hippocampus (HPC) is critically involved in acquiring new memory, while storage and recall gradually become independent of it. Converging studies have shown separate involvements of the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) in item and spatial processes, whereas HPC relates the item to a spatial context. These 2 strands of literature raise the following question; which brain region is involved in the recall process of item-location associative memory? To solve this question, this study applied an item-location associative (ILA) paradigm in a single-unit study of nonhuman primates. We trained 2 macaques to associate 4 visual item pairs with 4 locations on a background map in an allocentric manner before the recording sessions. In each trial, 1 visual item and the map image at a tilt (-90° to 90°) were sequentially presented as the item-cue and the context-cue, respectively. The macaques chose the item-cue location relative to the context-cue by positioning their gaze. Neurons in the PRC, PHC, and HPC, but not area TE, exhibited item-cue responses which signaled retrieval of item-location associative memory. This retrieval signal first appeared in the PRC, followed by the HPC and PHC. We examined whether neural representations of the retrieved locations were related to the external space that the macaques viewed. A positive representation similarity was found in the HPC and PHC, but not in the PRC, thus suggesting a contribution of the HPC to relate the retrieved location from the PRC with a first-person perspective of the subjects and provide the self-referenced retrieved location to the PHC. These results imply distinct but complementary contributions of the PRC and HPC to recall of item-location associative memory that can be used across multiple spatial contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cen Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Naya
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Waters SJ, Basile BM, Murray EA. Reevaluating the role of the hippocampus in memory: A meta-analysis of neurotoxic lesion studies in nonhuman primates. Hippocampus 2023; 33:787-807. [PMID: 36649170 PMCID: PMC10213107 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates that examine memory function after selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment-ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the exact magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments following damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we use meta-analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assessed visual item recognition and/or location memory in nonhuman primates with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between-study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta-analyses were conducted. One meta-analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta-analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired by lesions of the hippocampus. For the most part, meta-regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J. Waters
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Basile
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Murray
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nester CO, Malone C, Munro C, Madigan N, Hoffschmidt S, Sweeney J, Zink T, O'Connor M. Memory for the News: Does Event Transience Matter? Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:108-117. [PMID: 36651853 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health providers frequently probe patients' recall of current and/or remote news events to determine the extent of memory loss. Impaired memory for transient events (ie, in the news for a circumscribed time) may provide information regarding the onset of cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To use the Transient News Events Test (TNET) to explore how memory changes over time in both older adults with cognitive impairment (CI) and noncognitively impaired (NCI) older adults. We also investigated the role of episodic and semantic memory on TNET performance. METHOD Sixty-seven older adults completed the TNET as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Analyses included t tests to evaluate group differences for TNET score and correlations between TNET and neuropsychological measures, including episodic and semantic memory tests. RESULTS NCI adults demonstrated better memory for TNET items than adults with CI. The NCI and CI groups did not differ regarding memory for remote events; however, the CI group exhibited worse memory for recent events. There was a significant association between TNET score and the capacity for episodic and semantic memory in the CI group. In the NCI group, TNET score was significantly associated with episodic memory. CONCLUSION Findings support the use of transient news events to assess remote memories in older adults. Novel remote memory measures broaden the scope of memory assessment far beyond what is feasible with traditional neuropsychological assessment and may provide insight into the onset of memory changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline O Nester
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Malone
- Institute of Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catherine Munro
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Madigan
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Hoffschmidt
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Sweeney
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler Zink
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret O'Connor
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ekstrom AD, Hill PF. Spatial navigation and memory: A review of the similarities and differences relevant to brain models and age. Neuron 2023; 111:1037-1049. [PMID: 37023709 PMCID: PMC10083890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatial navigation and memory are often seen as heavily intertwined at the cognitive and neural levels of analysis. We review models that hypothesize a central role for the medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, in both navigation and aspects of memory, particularly allocentric navigation and episodic memory. While these models have explanatory power in instances in which they overlap, they are limited in explaining functional and neuroanatomical differences. Focusing on human cognition, we explore the idea of navigation as a dynamically acquired skill and memory as an internally driven process, which may better account for the differences between the two. We also review network models of navigation and memory, which place a greater emphasis on connections rather than the functions of focal brain regions. These models, in turn, may have greater explanatory power for the differences between navigation and memory and the differing effects of brain lesions and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne D Ekstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - Paul F Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Standage DI, Areshenkoff CN, Gale DJ, Nashed JY, Flanagan JR, Gallivan JP. Whole-brain dynamics of human sensorimotor adaptation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4761-4778. [PMID: 36245212 PMCID: PMC10110437 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans vary greatly in their motor learning abilities, yet little is known about the neural processes that underlie this variability. We identified distinct profiles of human sensorimotor adaptation that emerged across 2 days of learning, linking these profiles to the dynamics of whole-brain functional networks early on the first day when cognitive strategies toward sensorimotor adaptation are believed to be most prominent. During early learning, greater recruitment of a network of higher-order brain regions, involving prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex, was associated with faster learning. At the same time, greater integration of this "cognitive network" with a sensorimotor network was associated with slower learning, consistent with the notion that cognitive strategies toward adaptation operate in parallel with implicit learning processes of the sensorimotor system. On the second day, greater recruitment of a network that included the hippocampus was associated with faster learning, consistent with the notion that declarative memory systems are involved with fast relearning of sensorimotor mappings. Together, these findings provide novel evidence for the role of higher-order brain systems in driving variability in adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic I Standage
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corson N Areshenkoff
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Gale
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joseph Y Nashed
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Randall Flanagan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jason P Gallivan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Markova H, Fendrych Mazancova A, Jester DJ, Cechova K, Matuskova V, Nikolai T, Nedelska Z, Uller M, Andel R, Laczó J, Hort J, Vyhnalek M. Memory Binding Test and Its Associations With Hippocampal Volume Across the Cognitive Continuum Preceding Dementia. Assessment 2023; 30:856-872. [PMID: 35023365 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211069676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Innovative memory paradigms have been introduced to capture subtle memory changes in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the associations between different indexes of the challenging Memory Binding Test (MBT) and hippocampal volume (HV) in a sample of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 50), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD (n = 31), and cognitively normal (CN) older adults (n = 29) recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study, in contrast to traditional verbal memory tests. Both MBT free and cued recall scores in immediate and delayed recall conditions were associated with lower HV in both SCD and aMCI due to AD, whereas in traditional verbal memory tests only delayed recall scores were associated with lower HV. In SCD, the associations with lower HV in the immediate recall covered specific cued recall indexes only. In conclusion, the MBT is a promising test for detecting subtle hippocampal-associated memory decline during the predementia continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Markova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Fendrych Mazancova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dylan J Jester
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Nikolai
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Uller
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ross Andel
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morrow EL, Duff MC. Word Learning as a Window to Memory and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:956-965. [PMID: 36356223 PMCID: PMC10166188 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this viewpoint is to advocate for increased study of word learning abilities and word learning interventions in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD We describe the word learning process and the unique opportunities afforded by studying each component and stage. Building on discussions at the 2022 International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference, we describe how word learning may underlie a variety of functional outcomes after TBI, making it a promising target for rehabilitation. Finally, we discuss principles that may guide study in this critical area to advance outcomes after TBI for children and adults. RESULTS Word learning is a dynamic and iterative process taking place over time and in multiple stages. Thus, studying word learning affords the opportunity to parse the relative contributions of multiple memory systems to different phases and components of the process. However, single-timepoint designs are insufficient to capture the full word learning process, which occurs over time and across contexts. Word learning also presents an opportunity to assess the contributions of behavioral and lifestyle factors (e.g., sleep and exercise) to different memory phases. Understanding these interactions could drive clinical interventions aimed at improving memory through manipulable external behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Word learning is key to success in functional spheres across the life span. The importance of words to daily life remains after TBI, even as the memory systems that support word learning are disrupted. The empirical study of word learning and rehabilitation of word learning deficits in TBI presents a promising new direction in understanding the breadth of neurogenic cognitive-communication disorders and an opportunity to explore a potential driver of functional outcome and impactful rehabilitation target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Morrow
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Health Behavior and Health Education, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Melissa C. Duff
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Semantic cognition in healthy ageing: Neural signatures of representation and control mechanisms in naming typical and atypical objects. Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108545. [PMID: 36934809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Effective use of conceptual knowledge engages semantic representation and control processes to access information in a goal-driven manner. Neuropsychological findings of patients presenting either degraded knowledge (e.g., semantic dementia) or disrupted control (e.g., semantic aphasia) converge with neuroimaging evidence from young adults, and delineate the neural segregation of representation and control mechanisms. However, there is still scarce research on the neurofunctional underpinnings of such mechanisms in healthy ageing. To address this, we conducted an fMRI study, wherein young and older adults performed a covert naming task of typical and atypical objects. Three main age-related differences were found. As shown by age group and typicality interactions, older adults exhibited overactivation during naming of atypical (e.g., avocado) relative to typical concepts in brain regions associated to semantic representation, including anterior and medial portions of left temporal lobe (respectively, ATL and MTG). This provides evidence for the reorganization of neural activity in these brain regions contingent to the enrichment of semantic repositories in older ages. The medial orbitofrontal gyrus was also overactivated, indicating that the processing of atypical concepts (relative to typical items) taxes additional control resources in the elderly. Increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was observed in naming typical items (relative to atypical ones), but only for young adults. This suggests that naming typical items (e.g., strawberry) taxes more on control processes in younger ages, presumably due to the semantic competition set by other items that share multiple features with the target (e.g., raspberry, blackberry, cherry). Together, these results reveal the dynamic nature of semantic control interplaying with conceptual representations as people grow older, by indicating that distinct neural bases uphold semantic performance from young to older ages. These findings may be explained by neural compensation mechanisms coming into play to support neurocognitive changes in healthy ageing.
Collapse
|
33
|
Savarimuthu A, Ponniah RJ. Episodic Events as Spatiotemporal Memory: The Sequence of Information in the Episodic Buffer of Working Memory for Language Comprehension. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2023; 57:174-188. [PMID: 35804259 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-022-09710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory and language are the two higher-order cognitive abilities intertwined for communication and other cognitive skills. Memory is the storage capacity of all the information we perceive. Where the sensory memory perceives the stimuli, the working memory actively stores the information and passes it to the long-term memory. However, there is a question that how is the continuous perception of stimuli transformed into meaningful information and organized for proper execution and retrieval from the memory? This paper focuses on the episodic memory that perceives information that is spatial and temporal based on our everyday experiences. Though the spatiotemporal information we receive is continuous; the episodic memory arranges the information as to episodes in the working memory before the information is stored for a longer period. The episodic buffer is one of the components of the working memory model which holds the episodic memory that is organized concerning time. To this point, the paper tries to understand the working of the episodic buffer in maintaining the episodic memory and also about the process of episodic events into meaningful units. Further, the paper also concentrates on the hippocampus which is considered to be the location of the episodic buffer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Savarimuthu
- National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Joseph Ponniah
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eichen DM, Sim DJEK, Appleton-Knapp SL, Strong DR, Boutelle KN. Adults with overweight or obesity use less efficient memory strategies compared to adults with healthy weight on a verbal list learning task modified with food words. Appetite 2023; 181:106402. [PMID: 36460122 PMCID: PMC9836657 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest poorer episodic memory among adults with overweight (OW) relative to those with healthy weight (HW); however, few have used food stimuli. To understand the salience of food-related items when assessing memory, we adapted an episodic memory task, by replacing some non-food words with snack foods. Participants were 96 weight-loss seeking adults with OW compared to 48 adults with HW from the community matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and education. Overall memory ability was similar, although a trend showed the adults with HW performed better than adults with OW on immediate recall (d = 0.32, p = 0.07). However, there were clear differences in the use of learning strategies. Adults with HW utilized sematic clustering more effectively than adults with OW during all test phases (ds = 0.44-0.62; ps ≤ 0.01). Adults with HW also utilized serial clustering more effectively (d = 0.51; p < 0.01). Adults with HW showed better semantic clustering for both food and non-food words during immediate and short delay recall (ds = 0.42-0.78; ps ≤ 0.01) but semantic clustering was only better for the non-food category at long delay (d = 0.55; p < 0.01). These results show that adults with OW utilized less efficient learning strategies throughout the task and food-related content may impact learning. Clinically, these findings may suggest that weight-loss treatments should consider incorporating the teaching of learning and memory strategies to help increase utilization of new skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Eichen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA,Corresponding author. University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0874, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA., (D.M. Eichen)
| | - Dong-Jin E. Kang Sim
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David R. Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kerri N. Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ribarič S. Detecting Early Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease with Brain Synaptic Structural and Functional Evaluation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020355. [PMID: 36830892 PMCID: PMC9952956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's (AD) is associated with quantifiable structural and functional connectivity changes in the brain. AD dysregulation of Aβ and tau metabolism progressively disrupt normal synaptic function, leading to loss of synapses, decreased hippocampal synaptic density and early hippocampal atrophy. Advances in brain imaging techniques in living patients have enabled the transition from clinical signs and symptoms-based AD diagnosis to biomarkers-based diagnosis, with functional brain imaging techniques, quantitative EEG, and body fluids sampling. The hippocampus has a central role in semantic and episodic memory processing. This cognitive function is critically dependent on normal intrahippocampal connections and normal hippocampal functional connectivity with many cortical regions, including the perirhinal and the entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, association regions in the temporal and parietal lobes, and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, decreased hippocampal synaptic density is reflected in the altered functional connectivity of intrinsic brain networks (aka large-scale networks), including the parietal memory, default mode, and salience networks. This narrative review discusses recent critical issues related to detecting AD-associated early cognitive decline with brain synaptic structural and functional markers in high-risk or neuropsychologically diagnosed patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
da Silva JSC, da Silva Albuquerque F, Freitas Barbosa F, da Silva-Sauer L, Fernández-Calvo B. Temporal and contextual binding in episodic memory in younger and older adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36628443 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2165078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) is a subsystem responsible for storing and recalling information about the basic elements of an event in a binding manner. Some approaches consider the temporal element to be one of the basic components of EM (WWWhen paradigm), while others consider that the contextual component is able in practice to better represent this cognitive ability (WWWhich paradigm). The relationship of both paradigms simultaneously with other instruments for measuring EM has not been investigated in healthy older adults. Thus, the present study examined the performance of young and older adults on questions based on the WWWhen and WWWhich paradigms, investigating the relationship of these questions with episodic (Remember) and non-episodic (Know) strategies. The results showed that for the younger adults both the questions demonstrated to only be significantly related with the "remember" strategy. On the other hand, older adults presented a response pattern in which the "WWWhich" questions used only episodic strategies for their correct resolution. Aging appears to promote a substantial reduction in both "Remember" and "Know" strategies, mainly those associated with solving tasks based on the temporal element of EM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabíola da Silva Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition Studies, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Flavio Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Memory and Cognition Studies, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Leandro da Silva-Sauer
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorder, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorder, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dial HR, Europa E, Grasso SM, Mandelli ML, Schaffer KM, Hubbard HI, Wauters LD, Wineholt L, Wilson SM, Gorno-Tempini ML, Henry ML. Baseline structural imaging correlates of treatment outcomes in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2023; 158:158-175. [PMID: 36577212 PMCID: PMC9904210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of semantic knowledge in the context of anterior temporal lobe atrophy (left > right). Core features of svPPA include anomia and single-word comprehension impairment. Despite growing evidence supporting treatment for anomia in svPPA, there is a paucity of research investigating neural mechanisms supporting treatment-induced gains and generalization to untrained items. In the current study, we examined the relation between the structural integrity of brain parenchyma (tissue inclusive of gray and white matter) at pre-treatment and treatment outcomes for trained and untrained items in a group of 19 individuals with svPPA who completed lexical retrieval treatment. Two structural neuroimaging approaches were used: an exploratory, whole-brain, voxel-wise approach and an a priori region of interest (ROI) approach. Based on previous research, bilateral temporal (inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyri), parietal (supramarginal and angular gyri), frontal (inferior and middle frontal gyri) and medial temporal (hippocampus and parahippocampal gyri) ROIs were selected from the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas. Analyses revealed improved naming of trained items and generalization to untrained items following treatment, providing converging evidence that individuals with svPPA can benefit from treatment for anomia. Better post-treatment naming accuracy was associated with the structural integrity of inferior parietal cortex and the hippocampus. Specifically, improved naming of trained items was related to the left supramarginal (phonological processing) and angular gyri (phonological and semantic processing), and improved naming of trained and untrained items was related to the left hippocampus (episodic, context-based memory). Future research should examine treatment outcomes in relation to pre-treatment functional and structural connectivity as well as changes in network dynamics following speech-language intervention to further elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying treatment response in svPPA and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Dial
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, 3871 Holman St, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA.
| | - Eduardo Europa
- Connie L. Lurie College of Education, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Grasso
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco. 675 Nelson Rising Lane (Suite 190), San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kristin M Schaffer
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA
| | - H Isabel Hubbard
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa D Wauters
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA
| | - Lindsey Wineholt
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco. 675 Nelson Rising Lane (Suite 190), San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Maya L Henry
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue (A1100), Austin, TX USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0700, Austin, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Noda T, Kamiya K, Hamazaki N, Nozaki K, Ichikawa T, Yamashita M, Uchida S, Ueno K, Maekawa E, Terada T, Reed JL, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Matsunaga A, Ako J. SARC-F predicts poor motor function, quality of life, and prognosis in older patients with cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112021. [PMID: 36356692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether SARC-F scores were associated with motor function, quality of life (QOL) related to physical function, and prognosis in older patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive impairment. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. The study population consisted of 408 patients with CVD (≥60 years old) who completed the SARC-F questionnaire and Mini-Cog, a cognitive function test, at discharge. Sarcopenia was defined as a total SARC-F score ≥ 4 points. Patients who were cognitively-preserved (Mini-Cog score ≥ 3 points) were excluded. Patients completed the handgrip strength, leg strength, usual gait speed, 6-minute walking distance, short physical performance battery score, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Physical Functioning (SF-36PF) tests before discharge. Associations of SARC-F with physical function, QOL, and prognoses (i.e., composite of all-cause death and emergency CVD rehospitalization and the number of CVD rehospitalizations) were investigated. RESULTS Sarcopenia (SARC-F score ≥ 4 points) was associated with poorer motor function test outcomes and SF-36PF scores (all P < 0.001). The correlations remained significant after adjusting for comorbidities (e.g., anemia, prior heart failure, and renal dysfunction). Sarcopenia was also associated with a poorer prognosis (hazard ratio: 1.574; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.011-2.445) and an increased risk of CVD rehospitalization (incidence rate ratio: 1.911; 95 % CI, 1.312-2.782) after adjusting for comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In older patients with CVD and cognitive impairment, the SARC-F questionnaire may be a simple and inexpensive tool for identifying patients with decreased motor function and a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Hamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nozaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Division of Research, ARCE Inc., Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shota Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ueno
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Matsunaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Moscovitch M, Gilboa A. Has the concept of systems consolidation outlived its usefulness? Identification and evaluation of premises underlying systems consolidation. Fac Rev 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 36532709 PMCID: PMC9720899 DOI: 10.12703/r/11-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems consolidation has mostly been treated as a neural construct defined by the time-dependent change in memory representation from the hippocampus (HPC) to other structures, primarily the neocortex. Here, we identify and evaluate the explicit and implicit premises that underlie traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation based on evidence from research on humans and other animals. We use the principle that changes in neural representation over time and experience are accompanied by corresponding changes in psychological representations, and vice versa, to argue that each of the premises underlying traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation is found wanting. One solution is to modify or abandon the premises or theories and models. This is reflected in moderated models of systems consolidation that emphasize the early role of the HPC in training neocortical memories until they stabilize. The fault, however, may lie in the very concept of systems consolidation and its defining feature. We propose that the concept be replaced by one of memory systems reorganization, which does not carry the theoretical baggage of systems consolidation and is flexible enough to capture the dynamic nature of memory from inception to very long-term retention and retrieval at a psychological and neural level. The term "memory system reorganization" implies that memory traces are not fixed, even after they are presumably consolidated. Memories can continue to change as a result of experience and interactions among memory systems across the lifetime. As will become clear, hippocampal training of neocortical memories is only one type of such interaction, and not always the most important one, even at inception. We end by suggesting some principles of memory reorganization that can help guide research on dynamic memory processes that capture corresponding changes in memory at the psychological and neural levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fan L, Li C, Huang ZG, Zhao J, Wu X, Liu T, Li Y, Wang J. The longitudinal neural dynamics changes of whole brain connectome during natural recovery from poststroke aphasia. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 36:103190. [PMID: 36174256 PMCID: PMC9668607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poststroke aphasia is one of the most dramatic functional deficits that results from direct damage of focal brain regions and dysfunction of large-scale brain networks. The reconstruction of language function depends on the hierarchical whole-brain dynamic reorganization. However, investigations into the longitudinal neural changes of large-scale brain networks for poststroke aphasia remain scarce. Here we characterize large-scale brain dynamics in left-frontal-stroke aphasia through energy landscape analysis. Using fMRI during an auditory comprehension task, we find that aphasia patients suffer serious whole-brain dynamics perturbation in the acute and subacute stages after stroke, in which the brains were restricted into two major activity patterns. Following spontaneous recovery process, the brain flexibility improved in the chronic stage. Critically, we demonstrated that the abnormal neural dynamics are correlated with the aberrant brain network coordination. Taken together, the energy landscape analysis exhibited that the acute poststroke aphasia has a constrained, low dimensional brain dynamics, which were replaced by less constrained and high dimensional dynamics at chronic aphasia. Our study provides a new perspective to profoundly understand the pathological mechanisms of poststroke aphasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of the Psychology of Military Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Zi-gang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China
| | - Youjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China,Corresponding authors at: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, PR China,The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China,Corresponding authors at: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rolls ET. The hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and episodic and semantic memory. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102334. [PMID: 35870682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)/anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in reward and emotion, but also in memory. It is shown how the human orbitofrontal cortex connecting with the vmPFC and anterior cingulate cortex provide a route to the hippocampus for reward and emotional value to be incorporated into episodic memory, enabling memory of where a reward was seen. It is proposed that this value component results in primarily episodic memories with some value component to be repeatedly recalled from the hippocampus so that they are more likely to become incorporated into neocortical semantic and autobiographical memories. The same orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate regions also connect in humans to the septal and basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei, thereby helping to consolidate memory, and helping to account for why damage to the vMPFC impairs memory. The human hippocampus and vmPFC thus contribute in complementary ways to forming episodic and semantic memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; University of Warwick, Department of Computer Science, Coventry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chrysanthidis N, Fiebig F, Lansner A, Herman P. Traces of semantization - from episodic to semantic memory in a spiking cortical network model. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0062-22.2022. [PMID: 35803714 PMCID: PMC9347313 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0062-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory is a recollection of past personal experiences associated with particular times and places. This kind of memory is commonly subject to loss of contextual information or" semantization", which gradually decouples the encoded memory items from their associated contexts while transforming them into semantic or gist-like representations. Novel extensions to the classical Remember/Know behavioral paradigm attribute the loss of episodicity to multiple exposures of an item in different contexts. Despite recent advancements explaining semantization at a behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we suggest and evaluate a novel hypothesis proposing that Bayesian-Hebbian synaptic plasticity mechanisms might cause semantization of episodic memory. We implement a cortical spiking neural network model with a Bayesian-Hebbian learning rule called Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), which captures the semantization phenomenon and offers a mechanistic explanation for it. Encoding items across multiple contexts leads to item-context decoupling akin to semantization. We compare BCPNN plasticity with the more commonly used spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule in the same episodic memory task. Unlike BCPNN, STDP does not explain the decontextualization process. We further examine how selective plasticity modulation of isolated salient events may enhance preferential retention and resistance to semantization. Our model reproduces important features of episodicity on behavioral timescales under various biological constraints whilst also offering a novel neural and synaptic explanation for semantization, thereby casting new light on the interplay between episodic and semantic memory processes.Significance StatementRemembering single episodes is a fundamental attribute of cognition. Difficulties recollecting contextual information is a key sign of episodic memory loss or semantization. Behavioral studies demonstrate that semantization of episodic memory can occur rapidly, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this effect are insufficiently investigated. In line with recent behavioral findings, we show that multiple stimulus exposures in different contexts may advance item-context decoupling. We suggest a Bayesian-Hebbian synaptic plasticity hypothesis of memory semantization and further show that a transient modulation of plasticity during salient events may disrupt the decontextualization process by strengthening memory traces, and thus, enhancing preferential retention. The proposed cortical network-of-networks model thus bridges micro and mesoscale synaptic effects with network dynamics and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chrysanthidis
- Division of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Fiebig
- Division of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lansner
- Division of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Herman
- Division of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Digital Futures, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Coray R, Quednow BB. The role of serotonin in declarative memory: A systematic review of animal and human research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104729. [PMID: 35691469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system is involved in diverse cognitive functions including memory. Of particular importance to daily life are declarative memories that contain information about personal experiences, general facts, and events. Several psychiatric or neurological diseases, such as depression, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia, show alterations in serotonergic signalling and attendant memory disorders. Nevertheless, understanding serotonergic neurotransmission and its influence on memory remained a challenge until today. In this systematic review, we summarize recent psychopharmacological studies in animals and humans from a psychological memory perspective, in consideration of task-specific requirements. This approach has the advantage that comparisons between serotonin (5-HT)-related neurochemical mechanisms and manipulations are each addressing specific mnemonic circuits. We conclude that applications of the same 5-HT-related treatments can differentially affect unrelated tasks of declarative memories. Moreover, the analysis of specific mnemonic phases (e.g., encoding vs. consolidation) reveals opposing impacts of increased or decreased 5-HT tones, with low 5-HT supporting spatial encoding but impairing the consolidation of objects and verbal memories. Promising targets for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation enhancements include 5-HT4 receptor agonists and 5-HT6 receptor antagonists, with the latter being of special interest for the treatment of age-related decline. Further implications are pointed out as base for the development of novel therapeutic targets for memory impairment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Coray
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fiorentino J, Payne M, Cancian E, Plonka A, Dumas LÉ, Chirio D, Demonchy É, Risso K, Askenazy-Gittard F, Guevara N, Castillo L, Robert P, Manera V, Vandersteen C, Gros A. Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060714. [PMID: 35741601 PMCID: PMC9221020 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the main symptoms of COVID-19 is hyposmia or even anosmia. Olfactory identification is most often affected. In addition, some cognitive disorders tend to appear following the infection, particularly regarding executive functions, attention, and memory. Olfaction, and especially olfactory identification, is related to semantic memory which manages general knowledge about the world. The main objective of this study was to determine whether semantic memory is impaired in case of persistent post COVID-19 olfactory disorders. Methods: 84 patients (average age of 42.8 ± 13.6 years) with post COVID-19 olfactory loss were included after consulting to the ENT department. The clinical evaluation was carried out with the Pyramid and Palm Tree Test, the word-retrieval task from the Grémots, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Computerised Olfactory Test for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Results: Semantic memory was impaired in 20% (n = 17) of patients, especially in the 19–39 age-group. The olfactory threshold was only significantly correlated with the semantic memory scores. Conclusions: Similar to all cognitive disorders, semantic disorders can have a negative impact on quality of life if left untreated. It is essential to carry out specific assessments of post COVID-19 patients to accurately determine their disorders and to put in place the best possible rehabilitation, such as speech and language therapy, to avoid quality-of-life impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fiorentino
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-674217791
| | - Magali Payne
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
| | - Elisa Cancian
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France;
| | - Alexandra Plonka
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
- Institut NeuroMod, Université Côté d’Azur, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France; (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Louise-Émilie Dumas
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, 57 Avenue de la Californie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - David Chirio
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’Archet, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Élisa Demonchy
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’Archet, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Karine Risso
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’Archet, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, 57 Avenue de la Californie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Guevara
- Institut NeuroMod, Université Côté d’Azur, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France; (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Laurent Castillo
- Institut NeuroMod, Université Côté d’Azur, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France; (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Philippe Robert
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
| | - Valeria Manera
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
| | - Clair Vandersteen
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France;
| | - Auriane Gros
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice, France; (M.P.); (A.P.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Institut Claude Pompidou, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (L.-É.D.); (F.A.-G.); (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The role of inhibitory circuits in hippocampal memory processing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:476-492. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Garg D, Charlesworth L, Shukla G. Sleep and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy – Associations, Mechanisms and Treatment Implications. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:849899. [PMID: 35558736 PMCID: PMC9086778 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.849899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this systematic review, we aim to describe the association between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and sleep, with bidirectional links in mechanisms and therapeutic aspects. Sleep stages may variably impact seizure occurrence, secondary generalization and the development, frequency and distribution of interictal epileptiform discharges. Conversely, epilepsy affects sleep micro- and macroarchitecture. TLE, the most frequent form of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE), shares an enduring relationship with sleep, with some intriguing potential mechanisms specific to anatomic localization, linking the two. Sleep characteristics of TLE may also inform localizing properties in persons with DRE, since seizures arising from the temporal lobe seem to be more common during wakefulness, compared to seizures of extratemporal origin. Polysomnographic studies indicate that persons with TLE may experience excessive daytime somnolence, disrupted sleep architecture, increased wake after sleep onset, frequent shifts in sleep stages, lower sleep efficiency, decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and possibly, increased incidence of sleep apnea. Limited literature suggests that effective epilepsy surgery may remedy many of these objective and subjective sleep-related concerns, via multipronged effects, apart from reduced seizure frequency. Additionally, sleep abnormalities also seem to influence memory, language and cognitive-executive function in both medically controlled and refractory TLE. Another aspect of the relationship pertains to anti-seizure medications (ASMs), which may contribute significantly to sleep characteristics and abnormalities in persons with TLE. Literature focused on specific aspects of TLE and sleep is limited, and heterogeneous. Future investigations are essential to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms linking sleep abnormalities on epilepsy outcomes in the important sub-population of TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Garima Shukla
- Division of Epilepsy and Sleep Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Garima Shukla,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mishra E, Thakur MK. Alterations in hippocampal mitochondrial dynamics are associated with neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline in old male mice. Biogerontology 2022; 23:251-271. [PMID: 35266060 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a key process that modulates the ultrastructure, quality and function of mitochondria. It is disrupted in numerous major neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been correlated with the loss of memory. Previous studies suggest the involvement of Vdac1 and Drp1 in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and promotion of mitochondrial fragmentation through Drp1 phosphorylation at S616. However, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics with respect to aging, memory loss and neurodegeneration remain unexplored. Therefore, the present study focuses on the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline during aging. The recognition memory decline was validated by the novel object recognition test and measurement of hippocampal Arc protein level during aging. The ultrastructure analysis revealed a decline in mitochondrial length and area, while an increase in the number of fragmented, round and disrupted mitochondria in the hippocampus during aging. Disruption was also evident in mitochondrial cristae and membrane with advancing age. The change in mitochondrial morphology was corroborated by an increase in the expression of phospho-Drp1 (S616) and Cyt-c proteins but decline in Mfn2, LC3B, Vdac1, Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 proteins in the hippocampus during aging. Taken together, our findings reveal that an increase in the expression of phospho-Drp1 (S616) and decrease in Mfn2 and LC3B proteins in the hippocampus bring about a reduction in mitochondrial length and area, and rise in mitochondrial fragmentation leading to reduced neuronal cell density, increased neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline in old male mice. Diagram depicts the increase in hippocampal mitochondrial fragmentation during aging of mice. Increased mitochondrial fragmentation causes distorted mitochondrial function such as decrease in ATP/ADP transportation due to decrease in Vdac1 protein level and increase in oxidative damage. These alterations result in hippocampal neurodegeneration and consequently impairment in recognition memory during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Milleville SC, Gotts SJ, Wittig JH, Inati SK, Zaghloul KA, Martin A. Distinct deficits of repetition priming following lateral versus anteromedial frontal cortex damage. Neuropsychologia 2022; 170:108212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Metcalf CA, Johnson RL, Novick AM, Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Anthony LG, Epperson CN. Adverse childhood experiences interact with inflammation and menopause transition stage to predict verbal memory in women. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100411. [PMID: 35079709 PMCID: PMC8777090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may face a triple threat of risk factors for cognitive concerns during the menopause transition: reduced estradiol, increased inflammation, and early life stress sequelae. Our objective was to determine the extent to which ACEs and peripheral basal inflammatory markers associate with verbal memory across the menopause transition. METHODS Penn Ovarian Aging cohort participants (n = 167) were assessed for ACEs (low (0-1) or high (≥2)) and had remaining stored blood samples at study end assayed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1-beta (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Annual assessment included a verbal memory test (the Buschke Selective Reminding Test) and menopause stage determination. To estimate the effects of menopause stage, ACEs, and cytokines on verbal memory, repeated cognitive outcome measures were modeled in generalized estimating equations. Covariates included body mass index, smoking, race, education, age at baseline, and baseline verbal memory performance. Cytokine levels were log-transformed. RESULTS Advancing menopause stage was associated with worse performance on immediate verbal recall and delayed verbal recall (ps < 0.001). During perimenopause, higher ACE exposure was associated with worse immediate verbal recall at higher levels of TNF-α (slope difference p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Inflammation may mechanistically link ACEs and verbal memory for high ACE women during perimenopause. Reducing inflammation for these individuals may have positive impact on verbal memory across the menopause transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Metcalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew M. Novick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ellen W. Freeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mary D. Sammel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Laura G. Anthony
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C. Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Z, Paek EJ, Yoon SO, Casenhiser D, Zhou W, Zhao X. Detecting Alzheimer's Disease Using Natural Language Processing of Referential Communication Task Transcripts. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1385-1398. [PMID: 35213368 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often demonstrate difficulties in discourse production. Referential communication tasks (RCTs) are used to examine a speaker's capability to select and verbally code the characteristics of an object in interactive conversation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used contextualized word representations from Natural language processing (NLP) to evaluate how well RCTs are able to distinguish between people with AD and cognitively healthy older adults. METHODS We adapted machine learning techniques to analyze manually transcribed speech transcripts in an RCT from 28 older adults, including 12 with AD and 16 cognitively healthy older adults. Two approaches were applied to classify these speech transcript samples: 1) using clinically relevant linguistic features, 2) using machine learned representations derived by a state-of-art pretrained NLP transfer learning model, Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) based classification model. RESULTS The results demonstrated the superior performance of AD detection using a designed transfer learning NLP algorithm. Moreover, the analysis showed that transcripts of a single image yielded high accuracies in AD detection. CONCLUSION The results indicated that RCT may be useful as a diagnostic tool for AD, and that the task can be simplified to a subset of images without significant sacrifice to diagnostic accuracy, which can make RCT an easier and more practical tool for AD diagnosis. The results also demonstrate the potential of RCT as a tool to better understand cognitive deficits from the perspective of discourse production in people with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Eun Jin Paek
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Si On Yoon
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Devin Casenhiser
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|